diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/mutation_effect.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/mutation_effect.rs
index 2e58900c9f..bacfec7fc1 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/mutation_effect.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/mutation_effect.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::{borrow::Cow, sync::Arc};
 
 use indexmap::IndexSet;
 use moli_selector::{
@@ -271,6 +271,73 @@ pub(crate) fn normalized_style_attribute_name(
         .unwrap_or_else(|| name.to_owned())
 }
 
+/// Keep only live structural history for an emptied ordinary fragment. Removed
+/// roots must already have been invalidated from the original effects, and the
+/// caller must retain the original source scope. A fragment with children, an
+/// element parent, and a ShadowRoot can still have selector-dependent styles.
+/// Their histories must pass the ordinary retained-topology checks unchanged.
+pub(super) fn normalized_deferred_structural_mutation_effects<'a>(
+    host: &DomHost,
+    effects: &'a [StyleMutationEffect],
+) -> Cow<'a, [StyleMutationEffect]> {
+    if !effects
+        .iter()
+        .any(|effect| is_empty_ordinary_fragment_child_list(host, effect))
+    {
+        return Cow::Borrowed(effects);
+    }
+
+    let mut normalized = Vec::with_capacity(effects.len());
+    let mut connected_roots = IndexSet::new();
+    let mut disconnected_roots = IndexSet::new();
+    let mut connected_slot = None;
+    let mut disconnected_slot = None;
+    for effect in effects {
+        if is_empty_ordinary_fragment_child_list(host, effect) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        match effect {
+            StyleMutationEffect::ConnectedSubtrees { roots } => {
+                if connected_slot.is_none() {
+                    connected_slot = Some(normalized.len());
+                    normalized.push(effect.clone());
+                }
+                connected_roots.extend(roots.iter().copied());
+            }
+            StyleMutationEffect::DisconnectedSubtrees { roots } => {
+                if disconnected_slot.is_none() {
+                    disconnected_slot = Some(normalized.len());
+                    normalized.push(effect.clone());
+                }
+                disconnected_roots.extend(roots.iter().copied());
+            }
+            // Connection facts are sets, but child-list and slot histories are
+            // ordered inputs. Do not deduplicate or collapse their splices.
+            _ => normalized.push(effect.clone()),
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some(slot) = connected_slot {
+        normalized[slot] = StyleMutationEffect::ConnectedSubtrees {
+            roots: connected_roots.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>().into(),
+        };
+    }
+    if let Some(slot) = disconnected_slot {
+        normalized[slot] = StyleMutationEffect::DisconnectedSubtrees {
+            roots: disconnected_roots.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>().into(),
+        };
+    }
+    Cow::Owned(normalized)
+}
+
+fn is_empty_ordinary_fragment_child_list(host: &DomHost, effect: &StyleMutationEffect) -> bool {
+    let StyleMutationEffect::ChildList { parent, .. } = effect else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    host.node(*parent)
+        .is_some_and(|node| node.is_document_fragment() && node.first_child().is_none())
+        && !host.is_shadow_root(*parent)
+}
+
 pub(super) fn detached_style_subtree_roots_for_mutations(
     effects: &[StyleMutationEffect],
 ) -> IndexSet<DomHandle> {
@@ -490,4 +557,178 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(connected_batches[0].as_ref(), [first, second]);
         assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(connected_batches[0], &shared_added_nodes));
     }
+
+    fn collect_native_effects(
+        output: &mut Vec<StyleMutationEffect>,
+        host: &DomHost,
+        effects: &DomMutationEffects,
+    ) {
+        assert!(effects.did_change());
+        output.extend(StyleMutationEffect::from_dom_mutation_effects(
+            host, effects,
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn consumed_fragment_normalization_preserves_real_splices_and_the_effect_limit() {
+        use crate::style_engine::{
+            eligibility::child_list_effects_have_current_topology,
+            scope::style_source_scope_for_mutation_effects,
+        };
+
+        let mut host = test_host();
+        let parent = host.create_element("div");
+        assert!(host.append_child(host.document_handle(), parent));
+        let mut effects = Vec::new();
+        let mut inserted = Vec::new();
+        let mut fragments = Vec::new();
+        // Match textContent + ParentNode.append's native commits, including
+        // the staging insertion and fragment consumption as separate facts.
+        for _ in 0..64 {
+            let child = host.create_element("div");
+            let text = host.set_text_content_effects(child, "ABCD");
+            collect_native_effects(&mut effects, &host, &text);
+            let fragment = host.create_document_fragment();
+            let staged = host.append_child_effects(fragment, child);
+            collect_native_effects(&mut effects, &host, &staged);
+            let consumed = host.append_child_effects(parent, fragment);
+            collect_native_effects(&mut effects, &host, &consumed);
+            inserted.push(child);
+            fragments.push(fragment);
+        }
+        assert!(effects.len() > 256);
+        assert!(!child_list_effects_have_current_topology(&host, &effects));
+        assert_eq!(
+            detached_style_subtree_roots_for_mutations(&effects)
+                .into_iter()
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            inserted,
+            "cleanup must see the original removed roots before normalization"
+        );
+        let normalized = normalized_deferred_structural_mutation_effects(&host, &effects);
+        assert!(matches!(&normalized, Cow::Owned(_)));
+        assert!(normalized.len() <= 256);
+        assert!(child_list_effects_have_current_topology(&host, &normalized));
+        assert_eq!(
+            style_source_scope_for_mutation_effects(&host, &effects),
+            style_source_scope_for_mutation_effects(&host, &normalized)
+        );
+        let real_splices = effects
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|effect| match effect {
+                StyleMutationEffect::ChildList { parent, .. } => !fragments.contains(parent),
+                _ => false,
+            })
+            .cloned()
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let kept_splices = normalized
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|effect| matches!(effect, StyleMutationEffect::ChildList { .. }))
+            .cloned()
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        assert_eq!(real_splices.len(), 128);
+        assert_eq!(kept_splices, real_splices);
+        drop(normalized);
+
+        // Normalization must not turn an actually large structural history
+        // into a small batch. These are 300 distinct, selector-visible splices.
+        for _ in 0..300 {
+            let child = host.create_element("span");
+            let added = host.append_child_effects(parent, child);
+            collect_native_effects(&mut effects, &host, &added);
+        }
+        let normalized = normalized_deferred_structural_mutation_effects(&host, &effects);
+        assert_eq!(
+            normalized
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|effect| matches!(effect, StyleMutationEffect::ChildList { .. }))
+                .count(),
+            428
+        );
+        assert!(normalized.len() > 256);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ordinary_element_shadow_and_nonempty_fragment_histories_stay_borrowed() {
+        use crate::style_engine::eligibility::child_list_effects_have_current_topology;
+
+        for parent_kind in ["detached-element", "shadow-root", "nonempty-fragment"] {
+            let mut host = test_host();
+            let document = host.document_handle();
+            let destination = host.create_element("main");
+            assert!(host.append_child(document, destination));
+            let old_parent = match parent_kind {
+                "detached-element" => host.create_element("section"),
+                "shadow-root" => {
+                    let shadow_host = host.create_element("div");
+                    assert!(host.append_child(document, shadow_host));
+                    host.attach_shadow_root(shadow_host, "open").unwrap()
+                }
+                "nonempty-fragment" => {
+                    let fragment = host.create_document_fragment();
+                    let remaining = host.create_element("span");
+                    assert!(host.append_child(fragment, remaining));
+                    fragment
+                }
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            };
+            let moved = host.create_element("span");
+            let mut effects = Vec::new();
+            let staged = host.append_child_effects(old_parent, moved);
+            collect_native_effects(&mut effects, &host, &staged);
+            let relocated = host.append_child_effects(destination, moved);
+            collect_native_effects(&mut effects, &host, &relocated);
+            assert!(effects.iter().any(|effect| matches!(
+                effect,
+                StyleMutationEffect::ChildList { parent, removed_nodes, .. }
+                    if *parent == old_parent && removed_nodes == &[moved]
+            )));
+            let normalized = normalized_deferred_structural_mutation_effects(&host, &effects);
+            assert!(matches!(&normalized, Cow::Borrowed(_)), "{parent_kind}");
+            assert_eq!(normalized.as_ref(), effects.as_slice(), "{parent_kind}");
+            assert!(
+                !child_list_effects_have_current_topology(&host, &normalized),
+                "real reparenting must retain the conservative fallback: {parent_kind}"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn consumed_fragment_does_not_erase_an_existing_elements_removal() {
+        use crate::style_engine::eligibility::child_list_effects_have_current_topology;
+
+        let mut host = test_host();
+        let document = host.document_handle();
+        let old_parent = host.create_element("section");
+        let destination = host.create_element("main");
+        let moved = host.create_element("span");
+        assert!(host.append_child(document, old_parent));
+        assert!(host.append_child(document, destination));
+        assert!(host.append_child(old_parent, moved));
+        let fragment = host.create_document_fragment();
+        let mut effects = Vec::new();
+        let staged = host.append_child_effects(fragment, moved);
+        collect_native_effects(&mut effects, &host, &staged);
+        let consumed = host.append_child_effects(destination, fragment);
+        collect_native_effects(&mut effects, &host, &consumed);
+        let normalized = normalized_deferred_structural_mutation_effects(&host, &effects);
+        assert!(matches!(&normalized, Cow::Owned(_)));
+        assert!(normalized.iter().any(|effect| matches!(
+            effect,
+            StyleMutationEffect::ChildList { parent, removed_nodes, .. }
+                if *parent == old_parent && removed_nodes == &[moved]
+        )));
+        assert!(normalized.iter().any(|effect| matches!(
+            effect,
+            StyleMutationEffect::ConnectedSubtrees { roots } if roots.contains(&moved)
+        )));
+        assert!(normalized.iter().any(|effect| matches!(
+            effect,
+            StyleMutationEffect::DisconnectedSubtrees { roots } if roots.contains(&moved)
+        )));
+        assert!(
+            !child_list_effects_have_current_topology(&host, &normalized),
+            "connected and disconnected facts must not cancel a real element-parent removal"
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/runtime_invalidation.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/runtime_invalidation.rs
index 4d200eec80..59c126852b 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/runtime_invalidation.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/runtime_invalidation.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ use super::{
     cause::PendingStyleInvalidationCause,
     document_world::DocumentStyleWorld,
     eligibility::child_list_effects_have_current_topology,
-    mutation_effect::detached_style_subtree_roots_for_mutations,
+    mutation_effect::{
+        detached_style_subtree_roots_for_mutations, normalized_deferred_structural_mutation_effects,
+    },
     schedule::queue_style_invalidation_for_scope,
     scope::{
         mutation_effects_have_source_scope, source_scope_for_custom_state_change,
@@ -105,10 +107,10 @@ impl MoliStyleEngine {
                 .unwrap_or_default();
             let queue_started = profile_enabled.then(std::time::Instant::now);
             self.queue_style_invalidation_for_mutations(
-                document,
                 &world,
                 host,
                 document_effects,
+                document_effects,
                 emulated_media,
                 viewport,
             );
@@ -151,9 +153,9 @@ impl MoliStyleEngine {
 
     fn queue_style_invalidation_for_mutations(
         &self,
-        document: DomHandle,
         world: &DocumentStyleWorld,
         host: &DomHost,
+        scope_effects: &[StyleMutationEffect],
         effects: &[StyleMutationEffect],
         emulated_media: &EmulatedMediaOverrides,
         viewport: StyleViewport,
@@ -161,7 +163,9 @@ impl MoliStyleEngine {
         let profile_enabled = moli_trace::cpu_profile_enabled();
         let total_started = profile_enabled.then(std::time::Instant::now);
         let source_scope_started = profile_enabled.then(std::time::Instant::now);
-        let source_scope = source_scope_for_mutations(host, effects);
+        // The retained cause may omit exhausted fragment history, but source
+        // ownership still comes from every original mutation handle.
+        let source_scope = source_scope_for_mutations(host, scope_effects);
         let source_scope_us = source_scope_started
             .map(|started| started.elapsed().as_micros())
             .unwrap_or_default();
@@ -176,7 +180,7 @@ impl MoliStyleEngine {
             .unwrap_or_default();
         let queue_scope_started = profile_enabled.then(std::time::Instant::now);
         self.queue_style_invalidation_scope(
-            document,
+            world.document,
             world,
             host,
             emulated_media,
@@ -229,15 +233,21 @@ impl MoliStyleEngine {
         emulated_media: &EmulatedMediaOverrides,
         viewport: StyleViewport,
     ) {
+        // Even an exhausted ordinary fragment can have removed previously
+        // styled descendants. Retire those inputs before filtering history.
         self.invalidate_detached_style_subtrees_for_mutations(host, effects);
-        if effects.len() <= IMMEDIATE_STRUCTURAL_MUTATION_EFFECT_LIMIT
-            && child_list_effects_have_current_topology(host, effects)
+        let normalized = normalized_deferred_structural_mutation_effects(host, effects);
+        if !mutation_effects_have_source_scope(&normalized) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if normalized.len() <= IMMEDIATE_STRUCTURAL_MUTATION_EFFECT_LIMIT
+            && child_list_effects_have_current_topology(host, &normalized)
         {
             self.queue_style_invalidation_for_mutations(
-                document,
                 world,
                 host,
                 effects,
+                &normalized,
                 emulated_media,
                 viewport,
             );
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/tests/subtree_cache.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/tests/subtree_cache.rs
index 0e4e664c10..50fb8484f0 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/tests/subtree_cache.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/tests/subtree_cache.rs
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ fn element_style_is_dirty_for_test(
     })
 }
 
+#[path = "subtree_cache/consumed_fragments.rs"]
+mod consumed_fragments;
 #[path = "subtree_cache/detached_sources.rs"]
 mod detached_sources;
 #[path = "subtree_cache/document_ownership.rs"]
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/tests/subtree_cache/consumed_fragments.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/tests/subtree_cache/consumed_fragments.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..738280c49a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/style_engine/tests/subtree_cache/consumed_fragments.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+use super::*;
+
+fn queue_native_fragment_effects(
+    engine: &mut MoliStyleEngine,
+    host: &DomHost,
+    effects: &crate::dom::native::DomMutationEffects,
+) {
+    assert!(effects.did_change());
+    let effects = StyleMutationEffect::from_dom_mutation_effects(host, effects);
+    assert!(!effects.is_empty());
+    engine.invalidate_for_mutations(
+        host,
+        &effects,
+        &crate::protocol_types::EmulatedMediaOverrides::default(),
+    );
+}
+
+// ParentNode.append converts its arguments through an ordinary fragment and
+// commits the staging and insertion separately. Do not drain between them:
+// the removed node already has its final parent when deferred work is read.
+fn insert_through_consumed_fragment(
+    host: &mut DomHost,
+    engine: &mut MoliStyleEngine,
+    parent: DomHandle,
+    child: DomHandle,
+    before: Option<DomHandle>,
+) {
+    let fragment = host.create_document_fragment();
+    let staged = host.append_child_effects(fragment, child);
+    queue_native_fragment_effects(engine, host, &staged);
+    let inserted = host.insert_before_effects(parent, fragment, before);
+    assert!(host.node(fragment).unwrap().first_child().is_none());
+    assert!(!host.is_shadow_root(fragment));
+    assert_eq!(host.node(child).unwrap().parent_node(), Some(parent));
+    assert!(
+        inserted
+            .style()
+            .child_list_mutations()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|effect| { effect.target() == fragment && effect.removed_nodes() == [child] })
+    );
+    queue_native_fragment_effects(engine, host, &inserted);
+}
+
+fn fragment_test_styles(
+    document: DomHandle,
+    css: &str,
+) -> (MoliStyleEngine, url::Url, FullStyleWorldSnapshot) {
+    let mut engine = MoliStyleEngine::new();
+    let url = url::Url::parse("https://example.test/").unwrap();
+    let source = StyloStylesheetSource::new(css.into(), url.clone());
+    engine.set_document_adopted_style_sheet_sources(document, vec![source.clone()]);
+    let mut inputs = FullStyleWorldSnapshot::default();
+    inputs.document_stylesheet_sources.push(source);
+    (engine, url, inputs)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn consumed_fragment_tail_append_preserves_existing_canonical_styles() {
+    let mut host = test_host();
+    let document = host.document_handle();
+    let html = host.create_element("html");
+    let body = host.create_element("body");
+    let list = host.create_element("div");
+    let unrelated = host.create_element("aside");
+    assert!(host.append_child(document, html));
+    assert!(host.append_child(html, body));
+    assert!(host.append_child(body, list));
+    assert!(host.append_child(body, unrelated));
+    let old_items: [DomHandle; 2] = std::array::from_fn(|_| {
+        let item = host.create_element("div");
+        let text = host.create_text_node("ABCD");
+        assert!(host.set_attribute(item, "class", "item"));
+        assert!(host.append_child(item, text));
+        assert!(host.append_child(list, item));
+        item
+    });
+    let (mut engine, url, inputs) = fragment_test_styles(
+        document,
+        ".item { font: 16px/20px monospace; color: rgb(1, 2, 3); }",
+    );
+    let retained = [html, body, list, old_items[0], old_items[1], unrelated].map(|handle| {
+        let snapshot = computed_style_snapshot_for_test(&engine, &host, &url, handle, &inputs);
+        (handle, snapshot.computed_values())
+    });
+
+    for _ in 0..2 {
+        let item = host.create_element("div");
+        let text = host.create_text_node("ABCD");
+        assert!(host.set_attribute(item, "class", "item"));
+        assert!(host.append_child(item, text));
+        insert_through_consumed_fragment(&mut host, &mut engine, list, item, None);
+    }
+    engine.drain_pending_style_invalidations_for_document_for_test(&host, document);
+    let resolutions = engine.element_style_resolution_count_for_document_for_test(document);
+    for (handle, before) in retained {
+        let after = computed_style_snapshot_for_test(&engine, &host, &url, handle, &inputs);
+        assert!(
+            ServoArc::ptr_eq(&before, &after.computed_values()),
+            "tail append through a consumed ordinary fragment must keep existing style {handle:?}"
+        );
+        let canonical = retained_primary_style_for_test(&engine, &host, handle).unwrap();
+        assert!(ServoArc::ptr_eq(&before, &canonical));
+    }
+    assert_eq!(
+        engine.element_style_resolution_count_for_document_for_test(document),
+        resolutions,
+        "reading unaffected styles must not recascade them"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn consumed_fragment_insertion_still_invalidates_structural_selectors() {
+    const BASE: &str = "rgb(1, 2, 3)";
+    const MATCHED: &str = "rgb(9, 8, 7)";
+    // The values are sampled by stable handles, not by changing sibling index.
+    // The sibling case inserts before the second item; the other cases append.
+    for (selector, before_values, after_values, insert_before_second, changed) in [
+        (
+            ".item:last-child",
+            [BASE, MATCHED],
+            [BASE, BASE, MATCHED],
+            false,
+            1,
+        ),
+        (
+            ".item:nth-last-child(2)",
+            [MATCHED, BASE],
+            [BASE, MATCHED, BASE],
+            false,
+            0,
+        ),
+        (
+            "#list:has(> .tail) > .item",
+            [BASE, BASE],
+            [MATCHED, MATCHED, MATCHED],
+            false,
+            0,
+        ),
+        (
+            ".tail + .item",
+            [BASE, BASE],
+            [BASE, MATCHED, BASE],
+            true,
+            1,
+        ),
+    ] {
+        let mut host = test_host();
+        let document = host.document_handle();
+        let html = host.create_element("html");
+        let list = host.create_element("div");
+        assert!(host.set_attribute(list, "id", "list"));
+        assert!(host.append_child(document, html));
+        assert!(host.append_child(html, list));
+        let old_items: [DomHandle; 2] = std::array::from_fn(|_| {
+            let item = host.create_element("div");
+            assert!(host.set_attribute(item, "class", "item"));
+            assert!(host.append_child(list, item));
+            item
+        });
+        let css = format!(
+            ".item {{ background-color: {BASE}; }} {selector} {{ background-color: {MATCHED}; }}"
+        );
+        let (mut engine, url, inputs) = fragment_test_styles(document, &css);
+        let read_color = |engine: &MoliStyleEngine, host: &DomHost, handle| {
+            engine
+                .computed_style_property_value(
+                    host,
+                    &url,
+                    handle,
+                    "background-color",
+                    None,
+                    &inputs,
+                    None,
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            old_items.map(|item| read_color(&engine, &host, item)),
+            before_values,
+            "initial selector precondition: {selector}"
+        );
+        let before = retained_primary_style_for_test(&engine, &host, old_items[changed]).unwrap();
+        let added = host.create_element("div");
+        assert!(host.set_attribute(added, "class", "item tail"));
+        insert_through_consumed_fragment(
+            &mut host,
+            &mut engine,
+            list,
+            added,
+            insert_before_second.then_some(old_items[1]),
+        );
+        engine.drain_pending_style_invalidations_for_document_for_test(&host, document);
+        assert_eq!(
+            [old_items[0], old_items[1], added].map(|item| read_color(&engine, &host, item)),
+            after_values,
+            "the final insertion must preserve real selector invalidation: {selector}"
+        );
+        let after = retained_primary_style_for_test(&engine, &host, old_items[changed]).unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            !ServoArc::ptr_eq(&before, &after),
+            "an existing element whose computed value changed must be republished: {selector}"
+        );
+    }
+}