diff --git a/src/api/__tests__/email-list-delta.test.ts b/src/api/__tests__/email-list-delta.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..77f4224c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/__tests__/email-list-delta.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+
+// PF7: the incremental refresh was Email/queryChanges, then Email/changes,
+// then Email/get, then Thread/get, one round trip each.
+
+vi.mock('../jmap-client', () => ({
+  jmapClient: { accountId: 'acc-1', request: vi.fn() },
+}));
+
+import { jmapClient } from '../jmap-client';
+import { getEmailListDelta } from '../email';
+
+const mockRequest = jmapClient.request as ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+const sort = [{ property: 'receivedAt', isAscending: false }];
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  vi.clearAllMocks();
+});
+
+describe('getEmailListDelta', () => {
+  it('asks for the query diff, the Email changes, the added rows and their threads in one request', async () => {
+    mockRequest.mockResolvedValue({
+      methodResponses: [
+        ['Email/queryChanges', {
+          oldQueryState: 'q-1', newQueryState: 'q-2', total: 7,
+          removed: ['e2'], added: [{ id: 'n1', index: 0 }],
+        }, 'qc'],
+        ['Email/changes', {
+          oldState: 's-1', newState: 's-2', hasMoreChanges: false,
+          created: ['n1'], updated: ['e2'], destroyed: [],
+        }, 'ch'],
+        ['Email/get', { state: 's-2', list: [{ id: 'n1', threadId: 't1' }] }, 'get'],
+        ['Thread/get', { list: [{ id: 't1', emailIds: ['x', 'n1'] }] }, 'th'],
+      ],
+    });
+
+    const delta = await getEmailListDelta('mb-1', 'q-1', 's-1', { sort, threads: true });
+
+    expect(mockRequest).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    const [calls] = mockRequest.mock.calls[0];
+    expect(calls).toEqual([
+      ['Email/queryChanges', {
+        accountId: 'acc-1', filter: { inMailbox: 'mb-1' }, sort, sinceQueryState: 'q-1', calculateTotal: true,
+      }, 'qc'],
+      ['Email/changes', { accountId: 'acc-1', sinceState: 's-1' }, 'ch'],
+      ['Email/get', expect.objectContaining({
+        accountId: 'acc-1',
+        '#ids': { resultOf: 'qc', name: 'Email/queryChanges', path: '/added/*/id' },
+      }), 'get'],
+      ['Thread/get', {
+        accountId: 'acc-1',
+        '#ids': { resultOf: 'get', name: 'Email/get', path: '/list/*/threadId' },
+      }, 'th'],
+    ]);
+    expect(delta).toEqual({
+      queryChanges: { oldQueryState: 'q-1', newQueryState: 'q-2', total: 7, removed: ['e2'], added: [{ id: 'n1', index: 0 }] },
+      changes: { oldState: 's-1', newState: 's-2', hasMoreChanges: false, created: ['n1'], updated: ['e2'], destroyed: [] },
+      added: [{ id: 'n1', threadId: 't1' }],
+      addedFetched: true,
+      threads: [{ id: 't1', emailIds: ['x', 'n1'] }],
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('targets a shared folder\'s account and leaves Thread/get out without threading', async () => {
+    mockRequest.mockResolvedValue({ methodResponses: [] });
+    await getEmailListDelta('s-inbox', 'q-1', 's-1', { accountId: 'grp-1' });
+    const [calls] = mockRequest.mock.calls[0];
+    expect(calls.map((c: [string]) => c[0])).toEqual(['Email/queryChanges', 'Email/changes', 'Email/get']);
+    expect(calls.every((c: [string, { accountId: string }]) => c[1].accountId === 'grp-1')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('reports each part that failed on its own', async () => {
+    mockRequest.mockResolvedValue({
+      methodResponses: [
+        ['error', { type: 'cannotCalculateChanges' }, 'qc'],
+        ['Email/changes', { oldState: 's-1', newState: 's-2', created: [], updated: [], destroyed: [] }, 'ch'],
+        ['error', { type: 'invalidResultReference' }, 'get'],
+      ],
+    });
+
+    const delta = await getEmailListDelta('mb-1', 'q-1', 's-1');
+
+    expect(delta.queryChanges).toBeNull();
+    expect(delta.changes?.newState).toBe('s-2');
+    expect(delta.addedFetched).toBe(false);
+
+    mockRequest.mockResolvedValue({
+      methodResponses: [
+        ['Email/queryChanges', { newQueryState: 'q-2', added: [{ id: 'n1', index: 0 }] }, 'qc'],
+        ['error', { type: 'cannotCalculateChanges' }, 'ch'],
+        ['error', { type: 'requestTooLarge' }, 'get'],
+      ],
+    });
+    const second = await getEmailListDelta('mb-1', 'q-1', 's-1');
+    expect(second.queryChanges?.added).toEqual([{ id: 'n1', index: 0 }]);
+    expect(second.changes).toBeNull();
+    expect(second.addedFetched).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/api/email.ts b/src/api/email.ts
index f0da145c..37eb0347 100644
--- a/src/api/email.ts
+++ b/src/api/email.ts
@@ -586,6 +586,103 @@ export async function getEmailQueryChanges(
   };
 }
 
+export interface EmailListDelta {
+  /** Null when the server can't diff the query (the list is re-queried). */
+  queryChanges: EmailQueryChangesResult | null;
+  /** Null when the server can't compute Email changes since the list's state. */
+  changes: EmailChangesResult | null;
+  /** The messages the query added, with the list properties. */
+  added: Email[];
+  /** False when the chained Email/get failed (too many ids): fetch them apart. */
+  addedFetched: boolean;
+  /** Threads of the added messages (with `threads`). */
+  threads: Thread[];
+}
+
+function methodBody(
+  responses: Array<[string, Record<string, any>, string]>,
+  callId: string,
+  name: string,
+): Record<string, any> | null {
+  const match = responses.find((r) => r[2] === callId);
+  return match && match[0] === name ? match[1] : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * What changed in a folder list since it was read, in one request instead of
+ * three or four in a row: Email/queryChanges from the list's queryState,
+ * Email/changes from its Email state (rows that changed in place), and by
+ * result reference Email/get of the messages the query added and, with
+ * `threads`, Thread/get of their threads. Each part fails on its own: a query
+ * the server can't diff comes back as `queryChanges: null` (the caller
+ * re-queries), a state it can't diff as `changes: null`.
+ */
+export async function getEmailListDelta(
+  mailboxId: string | undefined,
+  sinceQueryState: string,
+  sinceState: string,
+  options?: {
+    sort?: Array<{ property: string; isAscending: boolean; keyword?: string }>;
+    /** Owning JMAP account when the mailbox belongs to a shared account. */
+    accountId?: string;
+    threads?: boolean;
+  },
+): Promise<EmailListDelta> {
+  const accountId = options?.accountId ?? jmapClient.accountId;
+  const calls: JMAPMethodCall[] = [
+    ['Email/queryChanges', {
+      accountId,
+      filter: buildMailboxQueryFilter(mailboxId, undefined),
+      sort: options?.sort ?? [{ property: 'receivedAt', isAscending: false }],
+      sinceQueryState,
+      calculateTotal: true,
+    }, 'qc'],
+    ['Email/changes', { accountId, sinceState }, 'ch'],
+    ['Email/get', {
+      accountId,
+      '#ids': { resultOf: 'qc', name: 'Email/queryChanges', path: '/added/*/id' },
+      properties: EMAIL_LIST_PROPERTIES,
+    }, 'get'],
+  ];
+  if (options?.threads) {
+    calls.push(['Thread/get', {
+      accountId,
+      '#ids': { resultOf: 'get', name: 'Email/get', path: '/list/*/threadId' },
+    }, 'th']);
+  }
+  const res = await jmapClient.request(calls);
+  const responses = res.methodResponses ?? [];
+
+  const qc = methodBody(responses, 'qc', 'Email/queryChanges');
+  const ch = methodBody(responses, 'ch', 'Email/changes');
+  const got = methodBody(responses, 'get', 'Email/get');
+  const th = methodBody(responses, 'th', 'Thread/get');
+  return {
+    queryChanges: qc
+      ? {
+        oldQueryState: qc.oldQueryState as string,
+        newQueryState: qc.newQueryState as string,
+        total: (qc.total as number) ?? 0,
+        removed: (qc.removed as string[]) ?? [],
+        added: (qc.added as Array<{ id: string; index: number }>) ?? [],
+      }
+      : null,
+    changes: ch
+      ? {
+        oldState: ch.oldState as string,
+        newState: ch.newState as string,
+        hasMoreChanges: Boolean(ch.hasMoreChanges),
+        created: (ch.created as string[]) ?? [],
+        updated: (ch.updated as string[]) ?? [],
+        destroyed: (ch.destroyed as string[]) ?? [],
+      }
+      : null,
+    added: (got?.list as Email[] | undefined) ?? [],
+    addedFetched: !!got,
+    threads: (th?.list as Thread[] | undefined) ?? [],
+  };
+}
+
 export async function getEmails(ids: string[], accountIdOverride?: string): Promise<Email[]> {
   return (await getEmailsWithState(ids, accountIdOverride)).list;
 }
diff --git a/src/stores/__tests__/email-store-own-writes.test.ts b/src/stores/__tests__/email-store-own-writes.test.ts
index 3e7f1afc..979f5c69 100644
--- a/src/stores/__tests__/email-store-own-writes.test.ts
+++ b/src/stores/__tests__/email-store-own-writes.test.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ vi.mock('../../api/email', () => ({
   getMailboxChanges: vi.fn(async () => null),
   queryEmailPage: vi.fn(async () => ({ ids: [], total: 0, list: [], threads: [] })),
   getEmailQueryChanges: vi.fn(async () => null),
+  getEmailListDelta: vi.fn(async () => ({ queryChanges: null, changes: null, added: [], addedFetched: false, threads: [] })),
   getEmails: vi.fn(),
   getEmailsWithState: vi.fn(async () => ({ list: [], state: 'em-0' })),
   getEmailChanges: vi.fn(async () => null),
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ function folderCountsBecome(totalEmails: number) {
 }
 
 function listWasReRead(): boolean {
-  return [emailApi.getEmailQueryChanges, emailApi.getEmailChanges, emailApi.queryEmailPage, emailApi.getEmailsWithState]
+  return [emailApi.getEmailListDelta, emailApi.getEmailChanges, emailApi.queryEmailPage, emailApi.getEmailsWithState]
     .some((fn) => mock(fn).mock.calls.length > 0);
 }
 
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ describe('echo of our own writes', () => {
       '@type': 'StateChange', changed: { 'acc-1': { Email: 'em-3' } },
     });
 
-    expect(emailApi.getEmailQueryChanges).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(emailApi.getEmailListDelta).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
   it('refreshes when new mail was delivered', async () => {
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ describe('echo of our own writes', () => {
       '@type': 'StateChange', changed: { 'acc-1': { Email: 'em-2', EmailDelivery: 'd-1' } },
     });
 
-    expect(emailApi.getEmailQueryChanges).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(emailApi.getEmailListDelta).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
   it('refreshes when the folder count shows a message we do not hold left it', async () => {
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ describe('echo of our own writes', () => {
       '@type': 'StateChange', changed: { 'acc-1': { Email: 'em-2', Mailbox: 'mbs-2' } },
     });
 
-    expect(emailApi.getEmailQueryChanges).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(emailApi.getEmailListDelta).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
   it('refreshes when a pinned row moves', async () => {
@@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ describe('echo of our own writes', () => {
       '@type': 'StateChange', changed: { 'acc-1': { Email: 'em-2' } },
     });
 
-    expect(emailApi.getEmailQueryChanges).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(emailApi.getEmailListDelta).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
   it('waits for a write whose push overtook its response', async () => {
diff --git a/src/stores/__tests__/email-store-viewer-actions.test.ts b/src/stores/__tests__/email-store-viewer-actions.test.ts
index ee6ec8ea..682f115a 100644
--- a/src/stores/__tests__/email-store-viewer-actions.test.ts
+++ b/src/stores/__tests__/email-store-viewer-actions.test.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ vi.mock('../../api/email', () => ({
   getMailboxChanges: vi.fn(async () => null),
   queryEmails: vi.fn(),
   getEmailQueryChanges: vi.fn(async () => null),
+  getEmailListDelta: vi.fn(async () => ({ queryChanges: null, changes: null, added: [], addedFetched: false, threads: [] })),
   getEmails: vi.fn(),
   getEmailsWithState: vi.fn(async () => ({ list: [], state: 'em-state-0' })),
   getEmailChanges: vi.fn(async () => null),
diff --git a/src/stores/__tests__/email-store.test.ts b/src/stores/__tests__/email-store.test.ts
index a28a20c1..762d1e0e 100644
--- a/src/stores/__tests__/email-store.test.ts
+++ b/src/stores/__tests__/email-store.test.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ vi.mock('../../api/email', () => ({
   // queryEmailPage.
   queryEmailPagesAcrossAccounts: vi.fn(),
   getEmailQueryChanges: vi.fn(async () => null),
+  // Email/queryChanges, Email/changes, Email/get and Thread/get in one
+  // request; beforeEach scripts it from the separate mocks.
+  getEmailListDelta: vi.fn(),
   getEmails: vi.fn(),
   getEmailsWithState: vi.fn(async () => ({ list: [], state: 'em-state-0' })),
   getEmailChanges: vi.fn(async () => null),
@@ -194,6 +197,17 @@ beforeEach(() => {
     });
     return { accountId: target.accountId, ok: true, total: page.total, list: page.list, threads: page.threads };
   })));
+  // The incremental refresh asks for its delta in one request; most tests
+  // describe it as the queryChanges, changes and Email/get it chains.
+  (emailApi.getEmailListDelta as ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>).mockImplementation(async (
+    mailboxId: string | undefined, sinceQueryState: string, sinceState: string, opts?: { accountId?: string },
+  ) => {
+    const queryChanges = await emailApi.getEmailQueryChanges(mailboxId, sinceQueryState, opts);
+    const changes = await emailApi.getEmailChanges(sinceState, undefined, opts?.accountId);
+    const ids = queryChanges?.added.map((a) => a.id) ?? [];
+    const added = ids.length > 0 ? (await emailApi.getEmailsWithState(ids, opts?.accountId)).list : [];
+    return { queryChanges, changes, added, addedFetched: !!queryChanges, threads: [] };
+  });
 });
 
 describe('email-store', () => {
@@ -1095,6 +1109,90 @@ describe('email-store', () => {
 
       expect(useEmailStore.getState().emailStates).toEqual({});
     });
+
+    // PF7: the delta was Email/queryChanges, then Email/changes, then
+    // Email/get, then Thread/get, one after the other.
+    describe('in one request', () => {
+      const mockDelta = emailApi.getEmailListDelta as ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+      const threaded = (id: string, keywords: Record<string, boolean> = {}) => ({ ...row(id, keywords), threadId: `t-${id}` });
+
+      it('needs nothing else when the delta brought every row', async () => {
+        openInbox();
+        mockDelta.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+          queryChanges: {
+            oldQueryState: 'q-1', newQueryState: 'q-2', total: 4,
+            removed: ['e2'], added: [{ id: 'n1', index: 0 }, { id: 'e2', index: 2 }],
+          },
+          changes: { ...noChanges, created: ['n1'], updated: ['e2'] },
+          added: [threaded('n1'), threaded('e2', { $seen: true })],
+          addedFetched: true,
+          threads: [{ id: 't-n1', emailIds: ['n1', 'x1'] }],
+        });
+
+        await useEmailStore.getState().refreshEmails();
+
+        expect(mockDelta).toHaveBeenCalledWith('mb-1', 'q-1', 'em-1', expect.objectContaining({ accountId: undefined }));
+        expect(mockGetEmailQueryChanges).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(mockGetEmailChanges).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(mockGetEmailsWithState).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        const state = useEmailStore.getState();
+        expect(state.emails.map((e) => e.id)).toEqual(['n1', 'e1', 'e2', 'e3']);
+        expect(state.emails[2].keywords).toEqual({ $seen: true });
+        expect(state.threadCounts['t-n1']).toBe(2);
+        expect(state.emailStates['mb-1']).toBe('em-2');
+        expect(state.queryState).toBe('q-2');
+      });
+
+      it('fetches the added rows apart when the chained Email/get was refused', async () => {
+        openInbox();
+        mockDelta.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+          queryChanges: { oldQueryState: 'q-1', newQueryState: 'q-2', total: 4, removed: [], added: [{ id: 'n1', index: 0 }] },
+          changes: { ...noChanges, created: ['n1'] },
+          added: [],
+          addedFetched: false,
+          threads: [],
+        });
+        mockGetEmailsWithState.mockResolvedValue({ list: [row('n1')], state: 'em-2' });
+
+        await useEmailStore.getState().refreshEmails();
+
+        expect(mockGetEmailsWithState).toHaveBeenCalledWith(['n1'], undefined);
+        expect(useEmailStore.getState().emails.map((e) => e.id)).toEqual(['n1', 'e1', 'e2', 'e3']);
+      });
+
+      it('re-queries when the server cannot diff the query', async () => {
+        openInbox();
+        mockDelta.mockResolvedValueOnce({ queryChanges: null, changes: noChanges, added: [], addedFetched: false, threads: [] });
+        mockQueryEmails.mockResolvedValue({ ids: ['e1'], total: 1, queryState: 'q-9' });
+        mockGetEmailsWithState.mockResolvedValue({ list: [row('e1')], state: 'em-9' });
+
+        await useEmailStore.getState().refreshEmails();
+
+        expect(mockQueryEmailPage).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(useEmailStore.getState().emailStates['mb-1']).toBe('em-9');
+        expect(useEmailStore.getState().queryState).toBe('q-9');
+      });
+
+      it('drains further Email/changes pages apart', async () => {
+        openInbox();
+        mockDelta.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+          queryChanges: { oldQueryState: 'q-1', newQueryState: 'q-2', total: 3, removed: [], added: [] },
+          changes: { ...noChanges, newState: 'em-2', hasMoreChanges: true },
+          added: [],
+          addedFetched: true,
+          threads: [],
+        });
+        mockGetEmailChanges.mockResolvedValueOnce({ ...noChanges, oldState: 'em-2', newState: 'em-3', updated: ['e3'] });
+        mockGetEmailsWithState.mockResolvedValue({ list: [row('e3', { $flagged: true })], state: 'em-3' });
+
+        await useEmailStore.getState().refreshEmails();
+
+        expect(mockGetEmailChanges).toHaveBeenCalledWith('em-2', undefined, undefined);
+        expect(mockGetEmailsWithState).toHaveBeenCalledWith(['e3'], undefined);
+        expect(useEmailStore.getState().emails[2].keywords).toEqual({ $flagged: true });
+        expect(useEmailStore.getState().emailStates['mb-1']).toBe('em-3');
+      });
+    });
   });
 
   // PF7: a list page or search used to be Email/query, then Email/get, then a
diff --git a/src/stores/email-store.ts b/src/stores/email-store.ts
index 4a843fe6..19489c5f 100644
--- a/src/stores/email-store.ts
+++ b/src/stores/email-store.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
   getMailboxChanges,
   queryEmailPage,
   queryEmailPagesAcrossAccounts,
-  getEmailQueryChanges,
+  getEmailListDelta,
   getEmails as fetchEmails,
   getEmailsWithState,
   getEmailChanges,
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import {
   undoSpam as apiUndoSpam,
   destroyEmails as apiDestroyEmails,
   unprefixMailboxId,
+  type EmailChangesResult,
 } from '../api/email';
 import { applyOwnWritesToList, ownEmailWritesBetween, whenOwnWritesSettled } from '../api/own-writes';
 import { provideLoadedMailboxes } from '../lib/mailbox-source';
@@ -2620,11 +2621,14 @@ async function refreshEmailsImpl(): Promise<void> {
         snap.emails.length >= Math.min(limit, snap.total)
       ) {
         const baseEmails = snap.emails;
-        const queryChanges = await getEmailQueryChanges(ref.id, snap.queryState, {
+        // One request: Email/queryChanges, Email/changes, and Email/get of
+        // the added messages plus their threads by result reference.
+        const delta = await getEmailListDelta(ref.id, snap.queryState, emailState, {
           sort,
-          filter: undefined,
           accountId: ref.accountId,
+          threads: !useSettingsStore.getState().disableThreading,
         });
+        const queryChanges = delta.queryChanges;
         if (queryChanges) {
           // What's in the visible window now: drop removed ids, then apply
           // added (id, index) entries. Newly added ids need bodies fetched.
@@ -2640,10 +2644,13 @@ async function refreshEmailsImpl(): Promise<void> {
           let nextEmailState: string | undefined = emailState;
           // Drain `hasMoreChanges`: the server caps one response, so keep
           // asking from the returned state until the delta is complete
-          // (bounded so a runaway server can't loop us forever).
+          // (bounded so a runaway server can't loop us forever). The first
+          // round came with the delta.
           let since: string | undefined = emailState;
           for (let round = 0; since && round < 10; round++) {
-            const ec = await getEmailChanges(since, undefined, ref.accountId);
+            const ec: EmailChangesResult | null = round === 0
+              ? delta.changes
+              : await getEmailChanges(since, undefined, ref.accountId);
             if (!ec) {
               // cannotCalculateChanges → forget the state so the next
               // refresh re-queries the list and records a fresh one.
@@ -2656,19 +2663,22 @@ async function refreshEmailsImpl(): Promise<void> {
             since = ec.hasMoreChanges && ec.newState !== since ? ec.newState : undefined;
           }
 
-          // Fetch every added id, including ones the list already holds:
-          // `inMailbox` is a mutable filter, so the server reports each
-          // updated message as removed and re-added, and that row has to
-          // come back at its new index with fresh keywords. `updatedIds`
-          // refreshes rows Email/changes saw change in place.
+          // Every added id is fetched, including ones the list already
+          // holds: `inMailbox` is a mutable filter, so the server reports
+          // each updated message as removed and re-added, and that row has
+          // to come back at its new index with fresh keywords. The delta
+          // brought them unless there were more than one Email/get takes.
+          // `updatedIds` refreshes rows Email/changes saw change in place;
+          // only those the delta didn't bring cost another request.
           const existingById = new Map(baseEmails.map((e) => [e.id, e]));
+          const brought = new Set(delta.added.map((e) => e.id));
           const idsToFetch = Array.from(new Set([
-            ...addedIds,
-            ...updatedIds.filter((id) => existingById.has(id)),
+            ...(delta.addedFetched ? [] : addedIds),
+            ...updatedIds.filter((id) => existingById.has(id) && !brought.has(id)),
           ]));
-          let fetched: Email[] = [];
+          let fetched: Email[] = delta.added;
           if (idsToFetch.length > 0) {
-            fetched = (await getEmailsWithState(idsToFetch, ref.accountId)).list;
+            fetched = [...fetched, ...(await getEmailsWithState(idsToFetch, ref.accountId)).list];
           }
 
           // Rebuild the visible window order: start with existing emails,
@@ -2712,6 +2722,7 @@ async function refreshEmailsImpl(): Promise<void> {
               currentMailboxId,
               nextEmailState,
             ),
+            threadCounts: withThreadCounts(get().threadCounts, delta.threads),
             loading: false,
             mailboxSnapshots: {
               ...get().mailboxSnapshots,