diff --git a/crates/ide-agent/src/lib.rs b/crates/ide-agent/src/lib.rs
index 66786c1d..a65400a6 100644
--- a/crates/ide-agent/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/ide-agent/src/lib.rs
@@ -345,6 +345,14 @@ impl AgentManager {
         provider::set_builtin_command(&dir, id, command.as_deref())
     }
 
+    /// Sets the environment variables built-in `id` starts with; empty clears them.
+    pub fn set_builtin_env(&self, id: &str, env: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, String>) -> IdeResult<()> {
+        let Some(dir) = self.shared.paths.custom_agents_dir.clone() else {
+            return Err(IdeError::unavailable("there is no custom agents directory"));
+        };
+        provider::set_builtin_env(&dir, id, env)
+    }
+
     /// Re-reads configured/installed agents, drops cached probes, and notifies subscribers.
     pub fn reload_providers(&self) {
         let specs = provider::load(self.shared.paths.custom_agents_dir.as_deref());
diff --git a/crates/ide-agent/src/model.rs b/crates/ide-agent/src/model.rs
index a6a96e77..41cf2875 100644
--- a/crates/ide-agent/src/model.rs
+++ b/crates/ide-agent/src/model.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 use ide_core::IpcPath;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use specta::Type;
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
@@ -357,6 +358,8 @@ pub struct AgentProvider {
     pub command_read_only_reason: Option<AgentCommandReadOnlyReason>,
     /// Whether the command was found (on `PATH`).
     pub installed: bool,
+    /// Environment variables it starts with (from its agent file).
+    pub env: BTreeMap<String, String>,
     /// Settings (models, modes…) the agent offered last time it ran; empty before its first session.
     pub config: Vec<AgentConfigOption>,
     /// Slash commands it offered last time.
diff --git a/crates/ide-agent/src/provider.rs b/crates/ide-agent/src/provider.rs
index 0b39eade..410bb89e 100644
--- a/crates/ide-agent/src/provider.rs
+++ b/crates/ide-agent/src/provider.rs
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ pub(crate) fn describe(spec: &ProviderSpec) -> AgentProvider {
         command_editable: reason.is_none(),
         command_read_only_reason: reason,
         installed: installed(&spec.command),
+        env: spec.env.iter().cloned().collect(),
         config: vec![],
         commands: vec![],
         source: spec.source.clone(),
@@ -133,6 +134,16 @@ pub(crate) fn describe(spec: &ProviderSpec) -> AgentProvider {
 /// Overrides built-in `id`'s command through its agent file, preserving other
 /// customizations. `None` restores the built-in command and removes a redundant file.
 pub(crate) fn set_builtin_command(custom_dir: &Path, id: &str, command: Option<&str>) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    update_builtin(custom_dir, id, |agent, builtin| agent.command = command.unwrap_or(&builtin.command).to_owned())
+}
+
+/// The environment built-in `id` starts with, through its agent file (empty clears it).
+pub(crate) fn set_builtin_env(custom_dir: &Path, id: &str, env: BTreeMap<String, String>) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    update_builtin(custom_dir, id, |agent, _| agent.env = env)
+}
+
+/// Changes built-in `id`'s agent file; a file left with only the built-in's values is removed.
+fn update_builtin(custom_dir: &Path, id: &str, change: impl FnOnce(&mut CustomAgent, &ProviderSpec)) -> IdeResult<()> {
     let Some(builtin) = builtin_spec(id) else {
         return Err(IdeError::invalid(format!("{id} is not a built-in agent")));
     };
@@ -152,7 +163,8 @@ pub(crate) fn set_builtin_command(custom_dir: &Path, id: &str, command: Option<&
     if agent.registry.is_some() {
         return Err(IdeError::invalid(format!("{id} is installed from the ACP Registry")));
     }
-    if command.is_none()
+    change(&mut agent, &builtin);
+    if agent.command == builtin.command
         && agent.name.as_deref() == Some(builtin.name.as_str())
         && agent.driver == builtin.driver
         && agent.args == builtin.args
@@ -164,7 +176,6 @@ pub(crate) fn set_builtin_command(custom_dir: &Path, id: &str, command: Option<&
         }
         return Ok(());
     }
-    agent.command = command.unwrap_or(&builtin.command).to_owned();
     agent.write(&file)?;
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -368,6 +379,23 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(installed("sh"));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn set_builtin_env_writes_and_clears_the_environment() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let env = BTreeMap::from([("CLAUDE_CODE_ENTRYPOINT".to_owned(), "openidea".to_owned())]);
+        set_builtin_env(dir.path(), "claude", env.clone()).unwrap();
+        let claude = load(Some(dir.path())).into_iter().find(|s| s.id == "claude").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(claude.env, vec![("CLAUDE_CODE_ENTRYPOINT".to_owned(), "openidea".to_owned())]);
+        assert_eq!(describe(&claude).env, env);
+        // The command override and the environment are kept independently.
+        set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "claude", Some("/opt/claude")).unwrap();
+        set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "claude", None).unwrap();
+        assert!(dir.path().join("claude.toml").is_file());
+        set_builtin_env(dir.path(), "claude", BTreeMap::new()).unwrap();
+        assert!(!dir.path().join("claude.toml").exists());
+        set_builtin_env(dir.path(), "not-a-builtin", env).unwrap_err();
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn set_builtin_command_overrides_and_clears_a_builtin() {
         let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
diff --git a/crates/ide-host/src/ops/agent.rs b/crates/ide-host/src/ops/agent.rs
index 758cebb9..9662dc07 100644
--- a/crates/ide-host/src/ops/agent.rs
+++ b/crates/ide-host/src/ops/agent.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,17 @@ pub fn set_command(host: &Host, window: &str, id: String, command: Option<String
     host.project(window)?.agents.set_builtin_command(&id, command)
 }
 
+/// Environment variables built-in agent `id` starts with; empty clears them.
+pub fn set_env(
+    host: &Host,
+    window: &str,
+    id: String,
+    env: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, String>,
+) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    host.require_trust(window)?;
+    host.project(window)?.agents.set_builtin_env(&id, env)
+}
+
 /// Where ACP Registry agents are saved (`<config>/agents`, like the user's own) and installed.
 pub(crate) fn registry_paths(host: &Host) -> RegistryPaths {
     RegistryPaths::new(&host.config_dir, &host.local_data_dir)
@@ -195,6 +206,7 @@ pub(crate) fn register(d: &mut Dispatcher) {
     d.add("agent_subscribe", |c| async move { subscribe(&c.host, &c.window, c.channel("onEvent")?) });
     d.add("agent_providers", |c| async move { providers(&c.host, &c.window) });
     d.add("agent_set_command", |c| async move { set_command(&c.host, &c.window, c.arg("id")?, c.arg("command")?) });
+    d.add("agent_set_env", |c| async move { set_env(&c.host, &c.window, c.arg("id")?, c.arg("env")?) });
     d.add("agent_registry_list", |c| async move { registry_list(&c.host, &c.window, c.arg("request")?).await });
     d.add("agent_registry_install", |c| async move {
         registry_install(&c.host, &c.window, c.arg("id")?, c.arg("request")?, c.sender("onEvent")?).await
diff --git a/crates/ide-host/src/ops/build.rs b/crates/ide-host/src/ops/build.rs
index d024fd0c..472411a3 100644
--- a/crates/ide-host/src/ops/build.rs
+++ b/crates/ide-host/src/ops/build.rs
@@ -222,6 +222,22 @@ fn declaring_pom(
     )))
 }
 
+/// The `.toml` of a version catalog the build imports as `group:artifact:version`, once a
+/// build has downloaded it (`ide_sdk::libraries::published_version_catalog`).
+pub async fn gradle_published_catalog(
+    host: &Host,
+    window: &str,
+    coordinates: String,
+) -> IdeResult<Option<ide_core::IpcPath>> {
+    let project = host.project(window)?;
+    tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+        ide_sdk::libraries::published_version_catalog(&project.root, &project.settings.effective(), &coordinates)
+            .map(Into::into)
+    })
+    .await
+    .map_err(join_err)
+}
+
 /// Where the direct dependency `dependency` of the Maven module `pom` is declared.
 pub async fn maven_dependency_declaration(
     host: &Host,
@@ -348,6 +364,9 @@ pub(crate) fn register(d: &mut Dispatcher) {
         )
         .await
     });
+    d.add("gradle_published_catalog", |c| async move {
+        gradle_published_catalog(&c.host, &c.window, c.arg("coordinates")?).await
+    });
     d.add("maven_dependency_declaration", |c| async move {
         maven_dependency_declaration(&c.host, &c.window, c.arg("pom")?, c.arg("dependency")?).await
     });
diff --git a/crates/ide-host/tests/plugins.rs b/crates/ide-host/tests/plugins.rs
index 35139a57..b052cd72 100644
--- a/crates/ide-host/tests/plugins.rs
+++ b/crates/ide-host/tests/plugins.rs
@@ -1064,7 +1064,16 @@ fn plugin_syntax_for_languages_without_a_grammar() {
     let sol = LanguageId::new("solidity");
     let text = "// c\ncontract A {\n    uint256 public x;\n    function f() public {}\n}\n";
     assert!(provider.highlights(&LanguageId::new("rust"), text).is_none(), "only its own languages");
-    let tokens = provider.highlights(&sol, text).unwrap();
+    // The first call of a new instance can run past the edit-path budget on a
+    // slow machine; its answer is dropped and a later call asks again.
+    let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(10);
+    let tokens = loop {
+        match provider.highlights(&sol, text) {
+            Some(tokens) => break tokens,
+            None if Instant::now() < deadline => std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)),
+            None => panic!("no highlights"),
+        }
+    };
     let kind_at =
         |s: &str| tokens.iter().find(|t| &text[t.start as usize..t.end as usize] == s).map(|t| t.kind.as_str());
     assert_eq!(kind_at("contract"), Some("keyword"));
diff --git a/crates/ide-remote/src/mapping.rs b/crates/ide-remote/src/mapping.rs
index b9bbaefa..c8a2c36c 100644
--- a/crates/ide-remote/src/mapping.rs
+++ b/crates/ide-remote/src/mapping.rs
@@ -52,11 +52,16 @@ fn local_folder(local: &str, project_root: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
     {
         return Some(project_root.join(rel));
     }
-    let rel = local.trim_matches('/');
-    let relative = project_root.join(rel);
+    let relative = project_root.join(without_root(path));
     if !path.is_absolute() || relative.is_dir() || !path.exists() { Some(relative) } else { None }
 }
 
+/// `path` without its drive and root (`/a/b`, `C:\a\b` → `a/b`), to read it
+/// relative to the project: joining an absolute path would replace the root.
+fn without_root(path: &Path) -> PathBuf {
+    path.components().filter(|c| !matches!(c, Component::Prefix(_) | Component::RootDir)).collect()
+}
+
 impl Mappings {
     /// `remote_root` is the server root resolved on the host (its login
     /// directory when the setting is empty). A server without mappings maps the
@@ -247,14 +252,15 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn local_paths_may_be_absolute_inside_the_project() {
-        let root = Path::new("/p");
-        let m = Mappings::new(&server(vec![("/p", "/", ""), ("/p/static/", "cdn", "")]), root, "/mnt/deploy");
-        assert_eq!(m.remote(Path::new("/p/src/a.py")).as_deref(), Some("/mnt/deploy/src/a.py"));
-        assert_eq!(m.remote(Path::new("/p/static/x.css")).as_deref(), Some("/mnt/deploy/cdn/x.css"));
-        assert_eq!(m.local("/mnt/deploy/cdn/x.css"), Some(PathBuf::from("/p/static/x.css")));
+        let root = Path::new(if cfg!(windows) { r"C:\p" } else { "/p" });
+        let (inside, statics) = (root.to_str().unwrap(), format!("{}/static/", root.display()));
+        let m = Mappings::new(&server(vec![(inside, "/", ""), (&statics, "cdn", "")]), root, "/mnt/deploy");
+        assert_eq!(m.remote(&root.join("src/a.py")).as_deref(), Some("/mnt/deploy/src/a.py"));
+        assert_eq!(m.remote(&root.join("static/x.css")).as_deref(), Some("/mnt/deploy/cdn/x.css"));
+        assert_eq!(m.local("/mnt/deploy/cdn/x.css"), Some(root.join("static/x.css")));
         // A leading `/` that is not the project stays project-relative.
         let m = Mappings::new(&server(vec![("/static/", "", "")]), root, "/mnt/deploy");
-        assert_eq!(m.remote(Path::new("/p/static/x.css")).as_deref(), Some("/mnt/deploy/x.css"));
+        assert_eq!(m.remote(&root.join("static/x.css")).as_deref(), Some("/mnt/deploy/x.css"));
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -264,7 +270,7 @@ mod tests {
         let outside = tmp.path().join("outside");
         std::fs::create_dir_all(&root).unwrap();
         std::fs::create_dir(&outside).unwrap();
-        let nested = root.join(outside.strip_prefix("/").unwrap()).join("a.txt");
+        let nested = root.join(without_root(&outside)).join("a.txt");
         std::fs::create_dir_all(nested.parent().unwrap().parent().unwrap()).unwrap();
         // A nested project file at the outside path's spelling is not a mapping folder.
         std::fs::write(nested.parent().unwrap(), "nested").unwrap();
@@ -288,7 +294,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(local_folder("/", &root), Some(root.clone()));
         let outside = tmp.path().join("outside");
         std::fs::create_dir(&outside).unwrap();
-        let relative = root.join(outside.strip_prefix("/").unwrap());
+        let relative = root.join(without_root(&outside));
         std::fs::create_dir_all(&relative).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(local_folder(outside.to_str().unwrap(), &root), Some(relative.clone()));
         let nested = relative.join("a.txt");
@@ -297,7 +303,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(m.remote(&nested).as_deref(), Some("/srv/a.txt"));
         assert_eq!(m.local("/srv/a.txt"), Some(nested));
         let missing = tmp.path().join("missing");
-        assert_eq!(local_folder(missing.to_str().unwrap(), &root), Some(root.join(missing.strip_prefix("/").unwrap())));
+        assert_eq!(local_folder(missing.to_str().unwrap(), &root), Some(root.join(without_root(&missing))));
         assert_eq!(local_folder("/src/", &root), Some(root.join("src")));
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/ide-sdk/src/jdtls.rs b/crates/ide-sdk/src/jdtls.rs
index 937aeff5..6bd8ae15 100644
--- a/crates/ide-sdk/src/jdtls.rs
+++ b/crates/ide-sdk/src/jdtls.rs
@@ -105,15 +105,17 @@ fn split_script_args(args: &[String]) -> ScriptArgs {
     out
 }
 
-/// JVM options jdtls runs with unless the user's set the same thing: a parallel collector
-/// tuned to give memory back to the OS (resident memory stays near what is live instead of
-/// growing to the maximum heap), a 2 GB heap limit (the JVM's own is a quarter of physical
+/// JVM options jdtls runs with unless the user's set the same thing: G1 with a periodic
+/// collection while idle and a narrow free-heap band, so the heap shrinks and memory goes
+/// back to the OS once an import or a build is over (a parallel collector keeps its peak
+/// committed for good), a 2 GB heap limit (the JVM's own is a quarter of physical
 /// memory), no JVM logging on stdout (the LSP channel), and no scan for installed JDKs at
 /// start (they are passed as `java.configuration.runtimes`).
 pub const DEFAULT_VM_ARGS: &[&str] = &[
-    "-XX:+UseParallelGC",
-    "-XX:GCTimeRatio=4",
-    "-XX:AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight=90",
+    "-XX:+UseG1GC",
+    "-XX:G1PeriodicGCInterval=60000",
+    "-XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=10",
+    "-XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=30",
     "-Dsun.zip.disableMemoryMapping=true",
     "-Xmx2G",
     "-Xms100m",
@@ -130,6 +132,8 @@ fn option_key(arg: &str) -> Option<String> {
         let name = name.split_once('=').map_or(name, |(n, _)| n);
         match name {
             "MaxHeapSize" | "MaxRAM" | "MaxRAMPercentage" | "MaxRAMFraction" => "Xmx".to_owned(),
+            // The JVM rejects a minimum above the maximum, so they go together.
+            "MinHeapFreeRatio" | "MaxHeapFreeRatio" => "XX:HeapFreeRatio".to_owned(),
             "InitialHeapSize" | "InitialRAMPercentage" | "InitialRAMFraction" => "Xms".to_owned(),
             _ if is_collector(name) => "collector".to_owned(),
             _ => format!("XX:{name}"),
@@ -153,8 +157,8 @@ fn is_collector(name: &str) -> bool {
     name.starts_with("Use") && name.ends_with("GC") && name.len() > "UseGC".len()
 }
 
-/// Our tuning of the parallel collector, meaningless (or rejected) with another one.
-const COLLECTOR_TUNING: &[&str] = &["GCTimeRatio", "AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight"];
+/// Our tuning of the default collector, meant for it alone.
+const COLLECTOR_TUNING: &[&str] = &["G1PeriodicGCInterval", "HeapFreeRatio"];
 
 /// [`DEFAULT_VM_ARGS`] less what `user` (the JVM options already on the command line)
 /// sets itself. Choosing a collector drops our collector and its tuning altogether.
@@ -180,7 +184,10 @@ pub fn add_default_vm_args(args: &mut Vec<String>) {
 }
 
 /// The JVM command line `bin/jdtls` builds: its system properties and module
-/// options, the user's `--jvm-arg`s, then the Equinox launcher with `-data`.
+/// options, the user's `--jvm-arg`s, then the Equinox launcher with `-nosplash` and
+/// `-data`. Without `-nosplash` the launcher's native library loads AppKit on macOS,
+/// which registers the server as an app that never answers events and shows as
+/// "Not Responding" in Activity Monitor.
 pub fn java_args(install: &JdtlsInstall, java_major: u32, script_args: &[String]) -> Vec<String> {
     let parsed = split_script_args(script_args);
     let mut args: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
@@ -211,6 +218,9 @@ pub fn java_args(install: &JdtlsInstall, java_major: u32, script_args: &[String]
     );
     args.extend(parsed.jvm);
     args.extend(["-jar".to_owned(), install.launcher.to_string_lossy().into_owned()]);
+    if !parsed.rest.iter().any(|a| a == "-nosplash") {
+        args.push("-nosplash".to_owned());
+    }
     if let Some(data) = parsed.data {
         args.extend(["-data".to_owned(), data]);
     }
@@ -342,6 +352,7 @@ mod tests {
                 &format!("-javaagent:{agent}"),
                 "-jar",
                 &format!(r"{tools}\plugins\org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.7.0.v20250424-1814.jar"),
+                "-nosplash",
                 "-data",
                 data,
             ])
@@ -356,7 +367,9 @@ mod tests {
         DEFAULT_VM_ARGS.iter().filter(|a| !drop.contains(a)).map(|a| a.to_string()).collect()
     }
 
-    const PARALLEL: &[&str] = &["-XX:+UseParallelGC", "-XX:GCTimeRatio=4", "-XX:AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight=90"];
+    const G1: &[&str] =
+        &["-XX:+UseG1GC", "-XX:G1PeriodicGCInterval=60000", "-XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=10", "-XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=30"];
+    const HEAP_FREE: &[&str] = &["-XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=10", "-XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=30"];
 
     #[test]
     fn user_options_override_the_defaults() {
@@ -369,13 +382,15 @@ mod tests {
             (&["-XX:MaxRAMPercentage=40"], &["-Xmx2G"]),
             (&["-Xms1G"], &["-Xms100m"]),
             (&["-XX:InitialHeapSize=256m"], &["-Xms100m"]),
-            (&["-XX:+UseG1GC"], PARALLEL),
-            (&["-XX:+UseZGC", "-XX:+ZGenerational"], PARALLEL),
-            (&["-XX:+UseShenandoahGC"], PARALLEL),
-            (&["-XX:+UseSerialGC"], PARALLEL),
-            (&["-XX:-UseParallelGC"], PARALLEL),
-            (&["-XX:+UseParallelGC"], PARALLEL),
-            (&["-XX:GCTimeRatio=9"], &["-XX:GCTimeRatio=4"]),
+            (&["-XX:+UseParallelGC"], G1),
+            (&["-XX:+UseZGC", "-XX:+ZGenerational"], G1),
+            (&["-XX:+UseShenandoahGC"], G1),
+            (&["-XX:+UseSerialGC"], G1),
+            (&["-XX:-UseG1GC"], G1),
+            (&["-XX:+UseG1GC"], G1),
+            (&["-XX:G1PeriodicGCInterval=0"], &["-XX:G1PeriodicGCInterval=60000"]),
+            (&["-XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=40"], HEAP_FREE),
+            (&["-XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=70"], HEAP_FREE),
             (&["-Xlog:gc*:file=gc.log"], &["-Xlog:disable"]),
             (&["-Dsun.zip.disableMemoryMapping=false"], &["-Dsun.zip.disableMemoryMapping=true"]),
             (&["-Daether.dependencyCollector.impl=df"], &["-Daether.dependencyCollector.impl=bf"]),
@@ -389,10 +404,10 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn defaults_go_ahead_of_the_users_options_once() {
-        let user = strings(&["--jvm-arg=-Xmx4G", "-data", "/ws", "--jvm-arg", "-XX:+UseG1GC"]);
+        let user = strings(&["--jvm-arg=-Xmx4G", "-data", "/ws", "--jvm-arg", "-XX:+UseZGC"]);
         let mut args = user.clone();
         add_default_vm_args(&mut args);
-        let dropped: Vec<&str> = PARALLEL.iter().copied().chain(["-Xmx2G"]).collect();
+        let dropped: Vec<&str> = G1.iter().copied().chain(["-Xmx2G"]).collect();
         let expected: Vec<String> =
             without(&dropped).into_iter().map(|a| format!("--jvm-arg={a}")).chain(user).collect();
         assert_eq!(args, expected);
@@ -413,14 +428,14 @@ mod tests {
         let args = java_args(&install, 25, &script);
         let jar = args.iter().position(|a| a == "-jar").unwrap();
         let jvm = &args[..jar];
-        for flag in ["-XX:+UseParallelGC", "-XX:GCTimeRatio=4", "-Xms100m", "-Xlog:disable", "-Xmx3G"] {
+        for flag in ["-XX:+UseG1GC", "-XX:G1PeriodicGCInterval=60000", "-Xms100m", "-Xlog:disable", "-Xmx3G"] {
             assert!(jvm.contains(&flag.to_owned()), "{flag}: {jvm:?}");
         }
         let heap: Vec<&String> = jvm.iter().filter(|a| option_key(a).as_deref() == Some("Xmx")).collect();
         assert_eq!(heap, ["-Xmx3G"], "one heap limit, the user's");
         assert!(!jvm.iter().any(|a| a == "-Xms1G"), "{jvm:?}");
         assert_eq!(args[jar + 1], format!(r"{tools}\plugins\org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.7.0.jar"));
-        assert_eq!(args[jar + 2..], strings(&["-data", r"C:\Users\张 三\ws"]));
+        assert_eq!(args[jar + 2..], strings(&["-nosplash", "-data", r"C:\Users\张 三\ws"]));
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -439,18 +454,21 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(args[0], "-Declipse.application=org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.id1", "no JDK 24+ flags on 21");
         assert!(args.contains(&"-Dosgi.sharedConfiguration.area=/Users/me/Library/Application Support/ai.l0ng.openidea/tools/jdtls/config_mac_arm".to_owned()));
         assert_eq!(
-            args[args.len() - 7..],
+            args[args.len() - 8..],
             strings(&[
                 "java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED",
                 "-Dlog.level=ALL",
                 "-jar",
                 "/Users/me/Library/Application Support/ai.l0ng.openidea/tools/jdtls/plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.7.0.jar",
+                "-nosplash",
                 "-data",
                 "/d",
                 "--extra",
             ])
         );
         assert!(!args.iter().any(|a| a.contains("validate-java-version")));
+        let own = java_args(&install, 21, &strings(&["-data", "/d", "-nosplash"]));
+        assert_eq!(own.iter().filter(|a| *a == "-nosplash").count(), 1, "{own:?}");
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -526,7 +544,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(direct.args.iter().any(|a| a == "-Xmx1G"));
         let jar = direct.args.iter().position(|a| a == "-jar").unwrap();
         assert!(direct.args[jar + 1].ends_with("org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.7.0.jar"));
-        assert_eq!(direct.args[jar + 2..], strings(&["-data", "/ws"]));
+        assert_eq!(direct.args[jar + 2..], strings(&["-nosplash", "-data", "/ws"]));
 
         let jre = dir.path().join("jre-25");
         std::fs::create_dir_all(jre.join("bin")).unwrap();
@@ -640,7 +658,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(direct.args.iter().any(|a| a == "-Xmx1G"));
         let jar = direct.args.iter().position(|a| a == "-jar").unwrap();
         assert!(direct.args[jar + 1].ends_with("org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.7.0.jar"));
-        assert_eq!(direct.args[jar + 2..], strings(&["-data", r"C:\ws"]));
+        assert_eq!(direct.args[jar + 2..], strings(&["-nosplash", "-data", r"C:\ws"]));
 
         // A shim whose descriptor is gone is someone's own wrapper: keep the command.
         std::fs::remove_file(shims.join("jdtls.shim")).unwrap();
diff --git a/crates/ide-sdk/src/libraries.rs b/crates/ide-sdk/src/libraries.rs
index 0871150d..40a61920 100644
--- a/crates/ide-sdk/src/libraries.rs
+++ b/crates/ide-sdk/src/libraries.rs
@@ -294,6 +294,36 @@ pub(crate) fn dependency_libraries(
         .collect()
 }
 
+/// The `.toml` of a version catalog published as `group:artifact:version` (Gradle's
+/// `version-catalog` plugin) that a build imports with `from("…")`: from Gradle's cache, else
+/// the local Maven repository. `None` until a build has downloaded it.
+pub fn published_version_catalog(root: &Path, s: &Settings, coordinates: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    let mut parts = coordinates.trim().split(':');
+    let d = BuildDependency {
+        gradle: true,
+        group: parts.next()?.to_owned(),
+        artifact: parts.next()?.to_owned(),
+        version: parts.next()?.to_owned(),
+    };
+    if parts.next().is_some() || !valid_coordinate(&d) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let file = format!("{}-{}.toml", d.artifact, d.version);
+    let gradle = crate::apply::setting_path(root, &s.languages.java.gradle.user_home).or_else(gradle_user_home);
+    let cached = gradle.and_then(|home| {
+        let dir = home.join("caches/modules-2/files-2.1").join(&d.group).join(&d.artifact).join(&d.version);
+        let mut found: Vec<PathBuf> =
+            std::fs::read_dir(dir).ok()?.flatten().map(|e| e.path().join(&file)).filter(|p| p.is_file()).collect();
+        found.sort();
+        found.into_iter().next()
+    });
+    cached.or_else(|| {
+        let repo = crate::apply::maven_local_repository(root, s).or_else(default_maven_repository)?;
+        let path = repo.join(d.group.replace('.', "/")).join(&d.artifact).join(&d.version).join(&file);
+        path.is_file().then_some(path)
+    })
+}
+
 /// No path separators, interpolations or `..` segments (coordinates become paths).
 fn valid_coordinate(d: &BuildDependency) -> bool {
     [&d.group, &d.artifact, &d.version]
@@ -530,6 +560,26 @@ pub(crate) fn parse_go_modules(text: &str) -> Vec<(String, PathBuf)> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod go_cache_tests {
     use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn finds_published_version_catalogs_in_the_gradle_cache_and_maven_repository() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = tmp.path();
+        let mut s = Settings::default();
+        s.languages.java.gradle.user_home = root.join("gradle").to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+        s.languages.java.maven.local_repository = root.join("m2").to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+        let cached = root.join("gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/com.acme/catalog/1.2/abc123/catalog-1.2.toml");
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(cached.parent().unwrap()).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(&cached, "[libraries]").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(published_version_catalog(root, &s, "com.acme:catalog:1.2"), Some(cached));
+        let local = root.join("m2/com/acme/other/2.0/other-2.0.toml");
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(local.parent().unwrap()).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(&local, "[libraries]").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(published_version_catalog(root, &s, " com.acme:other:2.0 "), Some(local));
+        for missing in ["com.acme:catalog:9", "com.acme:catalog", "a:b:c:d", "../x:y:z"] {
+            assert_eq!(published_version_catalog(root, &s, missing), None, "{missing}");
+        }
+    }
     #[test]
     fn vendor_roots_include_local_replacements_once() {
         let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
diff --git a/src-tauri/src/commands/agent.rs b/src-tauri/src/commands/agent.rs
index cf870663..f26c37bf 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/commands/agent.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/commands/agent.rs
@@ -49,6 +49,19 @@ pub fn agent_set_command(
     agent::set_command(&state.host, window.label(), id, command)
 }
 
+/// Environment variables built-in agent `id` starts with (saved in its agent file);
+/// an empty map clears them.
+#[tauri::command]
+#[specta::specta]
+pub fn agent_set_env(
+    window: Window,
+    state: State<'_, AppState>,
+    id: String,
+    env: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, String>,
+) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    agent::set_env(&state.host, window.label(), id, env)
+}
+
 /// Agents of the ACP Registry this machine can run, with what is installed; the list
 /// saved earlier when the registry is unreachable. Cancel with `cancel_request(request)`.
 #[tauri::command]
diff --git a/src-tauri/src/commands/build.rs b/src-tauri/src/commands/build.rs
index 9f661d5b..7daaf11e 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/commands/build.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/commands/build.rs
@@ -43,6 +43,18 @@ pub async fn build_sync(
     .await
 }
 
+/// The `.toml` of a version catalog the build imports as `group:artifact:version`, once a
+/// build has downloaded it.
+#[tauri::command]
+#[specta::specta]
+pub async fn gradle_published_catalog(
+    window: Window,
+    state: State<'_, AppState>,
+    coordinates: String,
+) -> IdeResult<Option<ide_core::IpcPath>> {
+    ide_host::ops::build::gradle_published_catalog(&state.host, window.label(), coordinates).await
+}
+
 /// Where the direct dependency `dependency` of the Maven module `pom` is declared.
 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
diff --git a/src-tauri/src/commands/mod.rs b/src-tauri/src/commands/mod.rs
index 16e6d465..af70e0da 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/commands/mod.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/commands/mod.rs
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ pub fn builder() -> tauri_specta::Builder<tauri::Wry> {
         agent::agent_subscribe,
         agent::agent_providers,
         agent::agent_set_command,
+        agent::agent_set_env,
         agent::agent_registry_list,
         agent::agent_registry_install,
         agent::agent_registry_remove,
@@ -337,6 +338,7 @@ pub fn builder() -> tauri_specta::Builder<tauri::Wry> {
         run::run_test_reports,
         build::build_model,
         build::build_sync,
+        build::gradle_published_catalog,
         build::maven_dependency_declaration,
         build::maven_exclude_dependency,
         build::build_run,
diff --git a/src/bindings.ts b/src/bindings.ts
index 17ffc6c1..3367ae16 100644
--- a/src/bindings.ts
+++ b/src/bindings.ts
@@ -91,6 +91,11 @@ export const commands = {
 	 *  built-in's driver and arguments), or returns it to auto-detection with `None`.
 	 */
 	agentSetCommand: (id: string, command: string | null) => typedError<null, IdeError>(__TAURI_INVOKE("agent_set_command", { id, command })),
+	/**
+	 *  Environment variables built-in agent `id` starts with (saved in its agent file);
+	 *  an empty map clears them.
+	 */
+	agentSetEnv: (id: string, env: { [key in string]: string }) => typedError<null, IdeError>(__TAURI_INVOKE("agent_set_env", { id, env })),
 	/**
 	 *  Agents of the ACP Registry this machine can run, with what is installed; the list
 	 *  saved earlier when the registry is unreachable. Cancel with `cancel_request(request)`.
@@ -638,6 +643,11 @@ export const commands = {
 	 *  Returns the refreshed model; a failed build is reported in its `syncError`.
 	 */
 	buildSync: (tool: BuildTool, request: RequestId, offline: boolean, profiles: string[], onProgress: Channel<SyncProgress>) => typedError<BuildModel, IdeError>(__TAURI_INVOKE("build_sync", { tool, request, offline, profiles, onProgress })),
+	/**
+	 *  The `.toml` of a version catalog the build imports as `group:artifact:version`, once a
+	 *  build has downloaded it.
+	 */
+	gradlePublishedCatalog: (coordinates: string) => typedError<string | null, IdeError>(__TAURI_INVOKE("gradle_published_catalog", { coordinates })),
 	/**  Where the direct dependency `dependency` of the Maven module `pom` is declared. */
 	mavenDependencyDeclaration: (pom: string, dependency: ArtifactKey) => typedError<Location, IdeError>(__TAURI_INVOKE("maven_dependency_declaration", { pom, dependency })),
 	/**
@@ -1388,6 +1398,8 @@ export type AgentProvider = {
 	commandReadOnlyReason: AgentCommandReadOnlyReason | null,
 	/**  Whether the command was found (on `PATH`). */
 	installed: boolean,
+	/**  Environment variables it starts with (from its agent file). */
+	env: { [key in string]: string },
 	/**  Settings (models, modes…) the agent offered last time it ran; empty before its first session. */
 	config: AgentConfigOption[],
 	/**  Slash commands it offered last time. */
diff --git a/src/editor/core/colorSchemeRuntime.ts b/src/editor/core/colorSchemeRuntime.ts
index 41e3a68f..443dc91c 100644
--- a/src/editor/core/colorSchemeRuntime.ts
+++ b/src/editor/core/colorSchemeRuntime.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
  * Applies Settings › Editor › Color Scheme (scheme + attribute overrides) as one
  * stylesheet, and Editor › Font › Typography Settings as the root's
  * `--fw-code` / `--fw-code-bold`. When the IDE theme turns light or dark, a chosen
- * scheme of the other kind is switched back to the theme's own.
+ * scheme of the other kind is switched back to the theme's own, unless it was chosen
+ * in the same change as the theme (one Apply of both).
  */
 import { useProject } from "@/platform/project";
 import { editorPrefs, fontWeightVars } from "@/platform/editorSettings";
@@ -24,6 +25,10 @@ export function installColorScheme(): () => void {
       if (root.style.getPropertyValue(name) !== value) root.style.setProperty(name, value);
   };
   let kind = root.dataset.theme;
+  // The scheme set by the latest settings change, until the next task: the theme's
+  // `data-theme` change from the same change is observed before then.
+  let picked: string | undefined;
+  let clearPicked: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
   const followTheme = () => {
     const next = root.dataset.theme;
     if (next === kind) return;
@@ -31,6 +36,7 @@ export function installColorScheme(): () => void {
     kind = next;
     const settings = useProject.getState().settings;
     if (!previous || !settings || (next !== "light" && next !== "dark")) return;
+    if (picked !== undefined && picked === settings.editor?.colorScheme) return;
     const scheme = schemeAfterThemeChange(settings.editor?.colorScheme, next, editorPrefs(settings).customSchemes);
     if (scheme === null) return;
     if (!isTauri()) {
@@ -44,7 +50,13 @@ export function installColorScheme(): () => void {
   };
   apply();
   const unsubscribe = useProject.subscribe((s, prev) => {
-    if (s.settings !== prev.settings) apply();
+    if (s.settings === prev.settings) return;
+    apply();
+    const scheme = s.settings?.editor?.colorScheme;
+    if (scheme === prev.settings?.editor?.colorScheme) return;
+    picked = scheme;
+    clearTimeout(clearPicked);
+    clearPicked = setTimeout(() => (picked = undefined));
   });
   const observer =
     typeof MutationObserver !== "undefined"
@@ -59,6 +71,7 @@ export function installColorScheme(): () => void {
   });
   return () => {
     unsubscribe();
+    clearTimeout(clearPicked);
     observer?.disconnect();
     el.remove();
     root.style.removeProperty("--fw-code");
diff --git a/src/features/agents/BuiltinAgents.tsx b/src/features/agents/BuiltinAgents.tsx
index 760a5eb2..13a4c879 100644
--- a/src/features/agents/BuiltinAgents.tsx
+++ b/src/features/agents/BuiltinAgents.tsx
@@ -93,6 +93,14 @@ function Details({
     onChanged?.();
     return command === agent.defaultProgram ? "" : (command ?? "");
   });
+  const envBase = formatEnv(agent.env);
+  const env = form.useExternal(`agents.${agent.id}.env`, envBase, async (draft) => {
+    const parsed = parseEnv(draft);
+    await backend.setEnv(agent.id, parsed);
+    await refresh();
+    onChanged?.();
+    return formatEnv(parsed);
+  });
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   // An edit can have been staged by a previous page instance. Its Apply callback
   // refreshes that instance; the mounted one follows the newly applied value too.
@@ -174,6 +182,26 @@ function Details({
           )}
         </p>
       )}
+      {agent.commandReadOnlyReason !== "registry" && agent.commandReadOnlyReason !== "customAgent" && (
+        <>
+          <label className={styles.label} htmlFor={`agent-env-${agent.id}`}>
+            <T>Environment variables</T>
+          </label>
+          <div className={styles.controls}>
+            <Input
+              id={`agent-env-${agent.id}`}
+              mono
+              value={env.value}
+              disabled={env.saving}
+              placeholder="NAME=value; OTHER=value"
+              onChange={(e) => env.set(e.target.value)}
+            />
+          </div>
+          <p className={styles.hint}>
+            <T>Passed to the agent process, replacing variables of the same name. Changes apply to new sessions.</T>
+          </p>
+        </>
+      )}
       {agent.loginHint && (
         <>
           <h4 className={styles.section}>
@@ -193,6 +221,25 @@ function Details({
   );
 }
 
+/** `NAME=value` pairs separated by `;` or new lines. */
+function parseEnv(text: string): Record<string, string> {
+  const env: Record<string, string> = {};
+  for (const raw of text.split(/[;\n]/)) {
+    const pair = raw.trim();
+    if (!pair) continue;
+    const eq = pair.indexOf("=");
+    const key = eq < 0 ? "" : pair.slice(0, eq).trim();
+    if (!/^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$/.test(key)) throw new Error(tx`Expected NAME=value: ${pair}`);
+    env[key] = pair.slice(eq + 1).trim();
+  }
+  return env;
+}
+
+const formatEnv = (env: Record<string, string>) =>
+  Object.entries(env)
+    .map(([k, v]) => `${k}=${v}`)
+    .join("; ");
+
 /** Login hints are plain text with optional backtick-delimited command spans. */
 function LoginHint({ text }: { text: string }) {
   const translate = useTx();
diff --git a/src/features/agents/agentRegistry.test.tsx b/src/features/agents/agentRegistry.test.tsx
index 98624633..76aadae1 100644
--- a/src/features/agents/agentRegistry.test.tsx
+++ b/src/features/agents/agentRegistry.test.tsx
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ describe("agent picker", () => {
     commandEditable: true,
     commandReadOnlyReason: null,
     installed: true,
+    env: {},
     config: [],
     commands: [],
     ...p,
@@ -312,6 +313,11 @@ class FakeCommands implements CommandsBackend {
   saved: [string, string | null][] = [];
   providers = vi.fn(async () => this.list);
   chooseExecutable = vi.fn(async () => "/chosen/agent");
+  savedEnv: [string, Record<string, string>][] = [];
+  async setEnv(id: string, env: Record<string, string>) {
+    this.savedEnv.push([id, env]);
+    this.list = this.list.map((p) => (p.id === id ? { ...p, env } : p));
+  }
   async set(id: string, command: string | null) {
     this.saved.push([id, command]);
     // What the agent list shows after the override takes effect.
@@ -341,6 +347,7 @@ const claudeProvider = (command: string): AgentProvider => ({
   commandEditable: true,
   commandReadOnlyReason: null,
   installed: true,
+  env: {},
   config: [],
   commands: [],
   source: { kind: "builtin" },
@@ -436,6 +443,23 @@ describe("Built-in executable overrides", () => {
     } else expect(screen.queryByRole("dialog")).toBeNull();
   });
 
+  it("writes the agent's environment variables on Apply and shows them again", async () => {
+    const commands = new FakeCommands();
+    commands.list = [claudeProvider("claude")];
+    await openCommands(commands);
+    const env = () => screen.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Environment variables" });
+    fireEvent.change(env(), { target: { value: "CLAUDE_CODE_ENTRYPOINT=openidea; HTTPS_PROXY=http://proxy:8080" } });
+    expect(commands.savedEnv).toEqual([]);
+    await act(async () => fireEvent.click(apply()));
+    expect(commands.savedEnv).toEqual([
+      ["claude", { CLAUDE_CODE_ENTRYPOINT: "openidea", HTTPS_PROXY: "http://proxy:8080" }],
+    ]);
+    expect(env()).toHaveValue("CLAUDE_CODE_ENTRYPOINT=openidea; HTTPS_PROXY=http://proxy:8080");
+    fireEvent.change(env(), { target: { value: "" } });
+    await act(async () => fireEvent.click(apply()));
+    expect(commands.savedEnv.at(-1)).toEqual(["claude", {}]);
+  });
+
   it("Cancel discards command edits without writing", async () => {
     const commands = new FakeCommands();
     commands.list = [
diff --git a/src/features/agents/composerCommands.test.tsx b/src/features/agents/composerCommands.test.tsx
index d4d38312..a0675ba2 100644
--- a/src/features/agents/composerCommands.test.tsx
+++ b/src/features/agents/composerCommands.test.tsx
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ const claude: AgentProvider = {
   commandOverridden: false,
   commandEditable: true,
   commandReadOnlyReason: null,
+  env: {},
   // Offered by the agent's last session in this project.
   commands: [command("compact", "Free up context")],
 };
diff --git a/src/features/agents/registry.ts b/src/features/agents/registry.ts
index 60cb80b8..04780dd4 100644
--- a/src/features/agents/registry.ts
+++ b/src/features/agents/registry.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ export interface RegistryBackend {
 export interface CommandsBackend {
   providers(): Promise<AgentProvider[]>;
   set(id: string, command: string | null): Promise<void>;
+  setEnv(id: string, env: Record<string, string>): Promise<void>;
   chooseExecutable(title: string, current?: string): Promise<string | null>;
 }
 
@@ -47,6 +48,9 @@ export const tauriCommands: CommandsBackend = {
   set: async (id, command) => {
     await call(commands.agentSetCommand(id, command));
   },
+  setEnv: async (id, env) => {
+    await call(commands.agentSetEnv(id, env));
+  },
 };
 
 export const DISTRIBUTION_LABEL: Record<RegistryDistribution, string> = {
diff --git a/src/features/build-tools/versionCatalog.test.ts b/src/features/build-tools/versionCatalog.test.ts
index bc2c695a..24968aa5 100644
--- a/src/features/build-tools/versionCatalog.test.ts
+++ b/src/features/build-tools/versionCatalog.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,24 @@
-import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
-import { accessorSegments, catalogEntry, chainAt, declaredCatalogs, parseCatalog } from "./versionCatalog";
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+const ipc = vi.hoisted(() => ({ fsReadText: vi.fn(), gradlePublishedCatalog: vi.fn() }));
+vi.mock("@/platform/ipc", () => ({
+  call: async (p: Promise<{ status: string; data?: unknown; error?: unknown }>) => {
+    const r = await p;
+    if (r.status !== "ok") throw r.error;
+    return r.data;
+  },
+  commands: ipc,
+  onIdeEvent: () => () => {},
+}));
+
+import {
+  accessorSegments,
+  catalogEntry,
+  chainAt,
+  declaredCatalogs,
+  parseCatalog,
+  readCatalogs,
+} from "./versionCatalog";
 
 const toml = `[versions]
 springBoot = "3.5.16"
@@ -64,11 +83,35 @@ describe("Gradle version catalogs", () => {
         create('tools') {
           from(files('gradle/tools.versions.toml'))
         }
+        create("platformLibs") { from("com.acme:platform-catalog:1.4.0") }
       }
     }`;
     expect(declaredCatalogs(settings)).toEqual([
       { name: "commonLibs", file: "../shared/common.versions.toml" },
       { name: "tools", file: "gradle/tools.versions.toml" },
+      { name: "platformLibs", artifact: "com.acme:platform-catalog:1.4.0" },
     ]);
   });
+
+  it("reads a published catalog from where a build downloaded it", async () => {
+    const files: Record<string, string> = {
+      "/p/settings.gradle.kts": `dependencyResolutionManagement { versionCatalogs {
+        create("platformLibs") { from("com.acme:platform-catalog:1.4.0") }
+        create("later") { from("com.acme:later:1.0") }
+      } }`,
+      "/cache/platform-catalog-1.4.0.toml": '[libraries]\nspring-core = "org.springframework:spring-core:6.2.0"\n',
+    };
+    ipc.fsReadText.mockImplementation(async (path: string) =>
+      path in files ? { status: "ok", data: files[path] } : { status: "error", error: { kind: "notFound" } },
+    );
+    ipc.gradlePublishedCatalog.mockImplementation(async (coordinates: string) => ({
+      status: "ok",
+      data: coordinates === "com.acme:platform-catalog:1.4.0" ? "/cache/platform-catalog-1.4.0.toml" : null,
+    }));
+    const { catalogs, complete } = await readCatalogs("/p/build.gradle.kts", "/p");
+    expect(catalogs.map((c) => [c.name, c.path])).toEqual([["platformLibs", "/cache/platform-catalog-1.4.0.toml"]]);
+    expect(catalogEntry(catalogs[0]!, ["spring", "core"])?.value).toBe('"org.springframework:spring-core:6.2.0"');
+    // `later` isn't downloaded yet: read again next time.
+    expect(complete).toBe(false);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/src/features/build-tools/versionCatalog.ts b/src/features/build-tools/versionCatalog.ts
index 64330a12..803ad380 100644
--- a/src/features/build-tools/versionCatalog.ts
+++ b/src/features/build-tools/versionCatalog.ts
@@ -99,19 +99,29 @@ export function chainAt(line: string, pos: number): { from: number; to: number;
   return segments.length > 1 ? { from, to, segments } : null;
 }
 
-/** Catalogs declared in settings: `create("name") { from(files("path")) }`, paths relative to the build root. */
-export function declaredCatalogs(settings: string): Array<{ name: string; file: string }> {
-  const out: Array<{ name: string; file: string }> = [];
-  const re = /create\(\s*["'](\w+)["']\s*\)\s*\{[^}]*?from\(\s*files\(\s*["']([^"']+)["']/g;
-  for (let m = re.exec(settings); m; m = re.exec(settings)) out.push({ name: m[1]!, file: m[2]! });
+export type DeclaredCatalog = { name: string; file: string } | { name: string; artifact: string };
+
+/**
+ * Catalogs declared in settings: `create("name") { from(files("path")) }`, paths relative to the
+ * build root, or `create("name") { from("group:artifact:version") }`, a published catalog.
+ */
+export function declaredCatalogs(settings: string): DeclaredCatalog[] {
+  const out: DeclaredCatalog[] = [];
+  const re =
+    /create\(\s*["'](\w+)["']\s*\)\s*\{[^}]*?from\(\s*(?:files\(\s*["']([^"']+)["']|["']([^"':]+:[^"':]+:[^"']+)["'])/g;
+  for (let m = re.exec(settings); m; m = re.exec(settings))
+    out.push(m[2] !== undefined ? { name: m[1]!, file: m[2] } : { name: m[1]!, artifact: m[3]! });
   return out;
 }
 
 const readText = (path: string) => call(commands.fsReadText(path)).catch(() => null);
 const join = (dir: string, rel: string) => (rel.startsWith("/") ? rel : `${dir}/${rel.replace(/^\.\//, "")}`);
 
-/** The catalogs a build script sees: those of the nearest enclosing build (its settings file). */
-async function readCatalogs(script: string, root: string): Promise<Catalog[]> {
+/**
+ * The catalogs a build script sees: those of the nearest enclosing build (its settings file).
+ * `complete` is false while a published catalog isn't downloaded yet.
+ */
+export async function readCatalogs(script: string, root: string): Promise<{ catalogs: Catalog[]; complete: boolean }> {
   let dir = dirname(script);
   let settings: string | null = null;
   for (;;) {
@@ -123,13 +133,17 @@ async function readCatalogs(script: string, root: string): Promise<Catalog[]> {
   const declared = declaredCatalogs(settings ?? "");
   if (!declared.some((d) => d.name === "libs")) declared.push({ name: "libs", file: "gradle/libs.versions.toml" });
   const catalogs = await Promise.all(
-    declared.map(async ({ name, file }) => {
-      const path = join(buildRoot, file);
-      const text = await readText(path);
-      return text === null ? null : parseCatalog(name, path, text);
+    declared.map(async (d) => {
+      const path =
+        "file" in d
+          ? join(buildRoot, d.file)
+          : await call(commands.gradlePublishedCatalog(d.artifact)).catch(() => null);
+      const text = path ? await readText(path) : null;
+      return text === null ? null : parseCatalog(d.name, path!, text);
     }),
   );
-  return catalogs.filter((c): c is Catalog => c !== null);
+  const complete = declared.every((d, i) => "file" in d || catalogs[i] !== null);
+  return { catalogs: catalogs.filter((c): c is Catalog => c !== null), complete };
 }
 
 const loaded = new Map<string, Catalog[]>();
@@ -148,11 +162,14 @@ function load(script: string): void {
     pending.clear();
     scripts.forEach(load);
   });
-  const p = readCatalogs(script, root);
-  pending.set(script, p);
-  void p.then((c) => {
-    if (pending.get(script) === p) loaded.set(script, c);
+  const p = readCatalogs(script, root).then(({ catalogs, complete }) => {
+    if (pending.get(script) !== p) return catalogs;
+    loaded.set(script, catalogs);
+    // Read again when the script is next opened, once a build has downloaded the catalog.
+    if (!complete) pending.delete(script);
+    return catalogs;
   });
+  pending.set(script, p);
 }
 
 function open(entry: CatalogEntry, path: string) {
diff --git a/src/features/services/store.ts b/src/features/services/store.ts
index 27d1b835..a9f5bd8f 100644
--- a/src/features/services/store.ts
+++ b/src/features/services/store.ts
@@ -363,13 +363,34 @@ export const pullImage = (connId: string, reference: string) =>
     call(commands.dockerPull(r, endpointOf(connId), reference, out)),
   );
 
-export const prune = (connId: string, target: PruneTarget) =>
-  task(connId, `Pruning ${target === "allImages" ? "unused images" : target}…`, tx("Could not prune"), (r, out) =>
+export function prune(connId: string, target: PruneTarget) {
+  const title = {
+    containers: tx("Pruning stopped containers…"),
+    images: tx("Pruning dangling images…"),
+    allImages: tx("Pruning unused images…"),
+    volumes: tx("Pruning unused volumes…"),
+    networks: tx("Pruning unused networks…"),
+    system: tx("Pruning the system…"),
+  }[target];
+  return task(connId, title, tx("Could not prune"), (r, out) =>
     call(commands.dockerPrune(r, endpointOf(connId), target, out)),
   );
+}
 
 export function composeOp(connId: string, project: string, files: string[], workingDir: string | null, op: ComposeOp) {
-  return task(connId, `Compose ${op} ${project}…`, tx`Compose ${op} failed for ${project}`, (r, out) =>
+  const { title, failure } = {
+    start: { title: tx`Starting Compose project ${project}…`, failure: tx`Could not start Compose project ${project}` },
+    stop: { title: tx`Stopping Compose project ${project}…`, failure: tx`Could not stop Compose project ${project}` },
+    restart: {
+      title: tx`Restarting Compose project ${project}…`,
+      failure: tx`Could not restart Compose project ${project}`,
+    },
+    down: {
+      title: tx`Taking down Compose project ${project}…`,
+      failure: tx`Could not take down Compose project ${project}`,
+    },
+  }[op];
+  return task(connId, title, failure, (r, out) =>
     call(commands.dockerComposeOp(r, endpointOf(connId), project, files, workingDir, op, out)),
   );
 }
diff --git a/src/features/settings/languages/LanguagePages.tsx b/src/features/settings/languages/LanguagePages.tsx
index 8357c230..aef869b3 100644
--- a/src/features/settings/languages/LanguagePages.tsx
+++ b/src/features/settings/languages/LanguagePages.tsx
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ export function JavaPage() {
         <Row
           label="JVM options"
           htmlFor={id}
-          hint="Passed to the JVM running jdtls (java.jdt.ls.vmargs), e.g. -Xmx4g. jdtls runs with -XX:+UseParallelGC -XX:GCTimeRatio=4 -XX:AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight=90 -Xmx2G -Xms100m by default; an option set here replaces the default for the same setting, and another collector (e.g. -XX:+UseG1GC) replaces the default collector options. A Lombok agent is added automatically: the one installed in Language Servers, else, when the project uses Lombok (its build, an inherited parent POM or Gradle build, or its sources' imports), the newest from the Maven / Gradle caches."
+          hint="Passed to the JVM running jdtls (java.jdt.ls.vmargs), e.g. -Xmx4g. jdtls runs with -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:G1PeriodicGCInterval=60000 -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=10 -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=30 -Xmx2G -Xms100m by default; an option set here replaces the default for the same setting, and another collector (e.g. -XX:+UseZGC) replaces the default collector options. A Lombok agent is added automatically: the one installed in Language Servers, else, when the project uses Lombok (its build, an inherited parent POM or Gradle build, or its sources' imports), the newest from the Maven / Gradle caches."
         >
           <Input
             id={id}
diff --git a/src/features/vcs/DiffEditor.tsx b/src/features/vcs/DiffEditor.tsx
index ae46a328..b00dd6e7 100644
--- a/src/features/vcs/DiffEditor.tsx
+++ b/src/features/vcs/DiffEditor.tsx
@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ export function DiffEditor({ input, toolbarActions }: { input: EditorInput; tool
         logConsole("info", "Nothing to stage for this change");
         return;
       }
-      await runOp(`Stage hunk of ${path}`, () => call(commands.vcsStageHunks(path, indices)));
+      await runOp(tx`Stage hunk of ${path}`, () => call(commands.vcsStageHunks(path, indices)));
       await refreshNow();
     } finally {
       setBusy(false);
diff --git a/src/features/vcs/LocalHistory.tsx b/src/features/vcs/LocalHistory.tsx
index da3c35f9..2c467bcf 100644
--- a/src/features/vcs/LocalHistory.tsx
+++ b/src/features/vcs/LocalHistory.tsx
@@ -97,12 +97,13 @@ export function LocalHistoryEditor({ input }: { input: EditorInput }) {
     const ok = await confirmDialog({ title: "Revert", message: question, okLabel: "Revert" });
     if (!ok) return;
     await runOp(
-      "Revert from Local History",
+      tx("Revert from Local History"),
       async () => {
         for (const e of targets) await call(commands.historyRestore(e.path, e.id));
       },
       {
-        success: targets.length === 1 ? `${baseName(targets[0]!.path)} reverted` : `${targets.length} files reverted`,
+        success:
+          targets.length === 1 ? tx`${baseName(targets[0]!.path)} reverted` : tx`${targets.length} files reverted`,
         refresh: true,
       },
     );
diff --git a/src/features/vcs/MergeEditor.tsx b/src/features/vcs/MergeEditor.tsx
index 0d5c7796..6244d82a 100644
--- a/src/features/vcs/MergeEditor.tsx
+++ b/src/features/vcs/MergeEditor.tsx
@@ -259,14 +259,14 @@ export function MergeEditor({ input }: { input: EditorInput }) {
   /** Saves `text` as the resolved file and stages it; like IDEA, that closes the merge editor. */
   const writeResolved = async (text: string | null) => {
     const ok = await runOp(
-      `Resolve ${baseName(path)}`,
+      tx`Resolve ${baseName(path)}`,
       async () => {
         if (text === null) await call(commands.fsDelete(path));
         else await writeFileText(path, text, { save: true, exact: true });
         await call(commands.vcsStage([path]));
         return true;
       },
-      { success: `${baseName(path)}: conflicts resolved` },
+      { success: tx`${baseName(path)}: conflicts resolved` },
     );
     if (ok) {
       setResolved(true);
diff --git a/src/features/vcs/branchOps.ts b/src/features/vcs/branchOps.ts
index b5f4adb0..6bd3f894 100644
--- a/src/features/vcs/branchOps.ts
+++ b/src/features/vcs/branchOps.ts
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ async function performCheckout(
   let options: CheckoutOptions = { mode: "normal", diverged: null };
   for (;;) {
     const opts = options;
-    const outcome = await runOp(`Checkout ${rev}`, () => call(commands.vcsCheckout(repo, rev, false, opts)));
+    const outcome = await runOp(tx`Checkout ${rev}`, () => call(commands.vcsCheckout(repo, rev, false, opts)));
     if (!outcome) return false;
     // `success` may name the branch now checked out.
     if (outcome.kind === "done" || outcome.kind === "conflicts") await refreshNow();
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ export async function newBranch(from?: string) {
   const previous = useVcs.getState().branch?.head;
   if (checkout) await saveAll();
   const create = () => call(commands.vcsCreateBranch(repo, r.value, from ?? null, checkout));
-  const ok = await runOp(`Create branch ${r.value}`, create, {
+  const ok = await runOp(tx`Create branch ${r.value}`, create, {
     success: checkout ? `Created and checked out ${r.value}` : `Created branch ${r.value}`,
   });
   if (ok !== undefined && checkout) {
@@ -208,8 +208,8 @@ export async function openConflictsInstead(): Promise<boolean> {
 export async function mergeIntoCurrent(branch: string, repo: string | null = currentRepo()) {
   const current = (repo === currentRepo() ? useVcs.getState().branch?.head : null) ?? "HEAD";
   await saveAll();
-  await runOp(`Merge ${branch} into ${current}`, () => call(commands.vcsMerge(repo, branch)), {
-    success: `Merged ${branch} into ${current}`,
+  await runOp(tx`Merge ${branch} into ${current}`, () => call(commands.vcsMerge(repo, branch)), {
+    success: tx`Merged ${branch} into ${current}`,
     errorActions: conflictActions,
     onError: openConflictsInstead,
   });
@@ -219,8 +219,8 @@ export async function rebaseOnto(branch: string) {
   const repo = currentRepo();
   const current = useVcs.getState().branch?.head ?? "HEAD";
   await saveAll();
-  await runOp(`Rebase ${current} onto ${branch}`, () => call(commands.vcsRebase(repo, branch)), {
-    success: `Rebased ${current} onto ${branch}`,
+  await runOp(tx`Rebase ${current} onto ${branch}`, () => call(commands.vcsRebase(repo, branch)), {
+    success: tx`Rebased ${current} onto ${branch}`,
     errorActions: conflictActions,
     onError: openConflictsInstead,
   });
@@ -238,8 +238,8 @@ export async function renameBranch(name: string) {
   });
   if (!r) return;
   const to = r.value.trim();
-  const ok = await runOp(`Rename branch ${name}`, () => call(commands.vcsRenameBranch(repo, name, to)), {
-    success: `Renamed branch ${name} to ${to}`,
+  const ok = await runOp(tx`Rename branch ${name}`, () => call(commands.vcsRenameBranch(repo, name, to)), {
+    success: tx`Renamed branch ${name} to ${to}`,
   });
   if (ok !== undefined) {
     try {
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ export async function renameBranch(name: string) {
  */
 export async function deleteBranch(name: string) {
   const repo = currentRepo();
-  const deleted = await runOp(`Delete branch ${name}`, () => call(commands.vcsDeleteBranch(repo, name)));
+  const deleted = await runOp(tx`Delete branch ${name}`, () => call(commands.vcsDeleteBranch(repo, name)));
   if (!deleted) return;
   const tracked = deleted.upstream;
   const otherTracking = useVcs.getState().branches.some((b) => !b.remote && b.name !== name && b.upstream === tracked);
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ export async function deleteBranch(name: string) {
         label: "Restore",
         run: () => {
           done();
-          void runOp(`Restore branch ${name}`, () => call(commands.vcsRestoreBranch(repo, deleted)), {
-            success: `Restored branch ${name}`,
+          void runOp(tx`Restore branch ${name}`, () => call(commands.vcsRestoreBranch(repo, deleted)), {
+            success: tx`Restored branch ${name}`,
           });
         },
       },
@@ -379,9 +379,13 @@ export async function newBranchInRepos(roots: readonly string[], from?: string)
   await eachRepo(
     roots,
     async (root) =>
-      (await runOp(`Create branch ${name}`, () => call(commands.vcsCreateBranch(root, name, from ?? null, r.checked)), {
-        refresh: false,
-      })) !== undefined,
+      (await runOp(
+        tx`Create branch ${name}`,
+        () => call(commands.vcsCreateBranch(root, name, from ?? null, r.checked)),
+        {
+          refresh: false,
+        },
+      )) !== undefined,
     r.checked ? `Created and checked out ${name}` : `Created branch ${name}`,
   );
 }
@@ -392,7 +396,7 @@ export async function mergeInRepos(branch: string, roots: readonly string[]) {
   await eachRepo(
     roots,
     async (root) =>
-      (await runOp(`Merge ${branch} (${repoName(root)})`, () => call(commands.vcsMerge(root, branch)), {
+      (await runOp(tx`Merge ${branch} (${repoName(root)})`, () => call(commands.vcsMerge(root, branch)), {
         refresh: false,
         errorActions: conflictActions,
         onError: openConflictsInstead,
@@ -407,7 +411,7 @@ export async function rebaseInRepos(branch: string, roots: readonly string[]) {
   await eachRepo(
     roots,
     async (root) =>
-      (await runOp(`Rebase onto ${branch} (${repoName(root)})`, () => call(commands.vcsRebase(root, branch)), {
+      (await runOp(tx`Rebase onto ${branch} (${repoName(root)})`, () => call(commands.vcsRebase(root, branch)), {
         refresh: false,
         errorActions: conflictActions,
         onError: openConflictsInstead,
@@ -428,7 +432,7 @@ export async function deleteInRepos(name: string, roots: readonly string[]) {
   await eachRepo(
     roots,
     async (root) =>
-      (await runOp(`Delete branch ${name} (${repoName(root)})`, () => call(commands.vcsDeleteBranch(root, name)), {
+      (await runOp(tx`Delete branch ${name} (${repoName(root)})`, () => call(commands.vcsDeleteBranch(root, name)), {
         refresh: false,
       })) !== undefined,
     `Deleted branch ${name}`,
diff --git a/src/features/vcs/changeOps.tsx b/src/features/vcs/changeOps.tsx
index be93de05..a50adc30 100644
--- a/src/features/vcs/changeOps.tsx
+++ b/src/features/vcs/changeOps.tsx
@@ -90,8 +90,23 @@ export async function commitChanges(): Promise<string | undefined> {
       success: () => {
         const n = plan.included.length;
         const summary = firstLine(message);
-        const where = repos.length > 1 ? ` in ${repos.length} repositories` : "";
-        return `${n} file${n === 1 ? "" : "s"} ${amend ? "amended" : "committed"}${where}${summary ? `: ${summary}` : ""}`;
+        const several = repos.length;
+        const done = amend
+          ? several > 1
+            ? n === 1
+              ? tx`1 file amended in ${several} repositories`
+              : tx`${n} files amended in ${several} repositories`
+            : n === 1
+              ? tx("1 file amended")
+              : tx`${n} files amended`
+          : several > 1
+            ? n === 1
+              ? tx`1 file committed in ${several} repositories`
+              : tx`${n} files committed in ${several} repositories`
+            : n === 1
+              ? tx("1 file committed")
+              : tx`${n} files committed`;
+        return summary ? `${done}: ${summary}` : done;
       },
     },
   );
@@ -199,12 +214,12 @@ function RollbackDialog({ files, onClose }: { files: FileStatus[]; onClose: () =
     await saveAll();
     const { unstage, discard } = rollbackPlan(chosen, deleteAdded);
     await runOp(
-      "Rollback",
+      tx("Rollback"),
       async () => {
         if (unstage.length) await call(commands.vcsUnstage(unstage));
         if (discard.length) await call(commands.vcsDiscard(discard));
       },
-      { success: `Rolled back ${chosen.length} file${chosen.length === 1 ? "" : "s"}` },
+      { success: chosen.length === 1 ? tx("Rolled back 1 file") : tx`Rolled back ${chosen.length} files` },
     );
   };
   return (
@@ -284,7 +299,7 @@ export async function addToVcs(paths: readonly string[]) {
     });
     return;
   }
-  await runOp(`Add ${targets.length} file${targets.length === 1 ? "" : "s"} to Git`, () =>
+  await runOp(targets.length === 1 ? tx("Add 1 file to Git") : tx`Add ${targets.length} files to Git`, () =>
     call(commands.vcsStage(targets.map(stripSlash))),
   );
 }
@@ -299,9 +314,9 @@ export function stashChanges(repo = currentRepo()): Promise<void> {
           if (r) {
             await saveAll();
             await runOp(
-              "Stash changes",
+              tx("Stash changes"),
               () => call(commands.vcsStashPush(repo, r.message || null, r.includeUntracked, r.keepIndex)),
-              { success: "Changes stashed" },
+              { success: tx("Changes stashed") },
             );
             void loadStashes().catch(() => undefined);
           }
@@ -372,10 +387,10 @@ export interface UnstashOptions {
 export function unstashTitles(o: UnstashOptions): { title: string; success: string } {
   const ref = `stash@{${o.index}}`;
   if (o.branch)
-    return { title: tx`Unstash ${ref} as branch ${o.branch}`, success: `Unstashed ${ref} on branch ${o.branch}` };
+    return { title: tx`Unstash ${ref} as branch ${o.branch}`, success: tx`Unstashed ${ref} on branch ${o.branch}` };
   return o.pop
-    ? { title: tx`Pop ${ref}`, success: `Unstashed ${ref}` }
-    : { title: tx`Apply ${ref}`, success: `Applied ${ref}` };
+    ? { title: tx`Pop ${ref}`, success: tx`Unstashed ${ref}` }
+    : { title: tx`Apply ${ref}`, success: tx`Applied ${ref}` };
 }
 
 export async function unstash(o: UnstashOptions, repo = currentRepo()) {
@@ -482,8 +497,8 @@ export async function dropStash(index: number, message: string, repo = currentRe
     danger: true,
   });
   if (!ok) return;
-  await runOp(`Drop stash@{${index}}`, () => call(commands.vcsStashDrop(repo, index)), {
-    success: `Dropped stash@{${index}}`,
+  await runOp(tx`Drop ${`stash@{${index}}`}`, () => call(commands.vcsStashDrop(repo, index)), {
+    success: tx`Dropped ${`stash@{${index}}`}`,
   });
   void loadStashes().catch((e) => logConsole("err", String(e)));
 }
diff --git a/src/features/vcs/confirmations.tsx b/src/features/vcs/confirmations.tsx
index e71a546c..b0a0ab7c 100644
--- a/src/features/vcs/confirmations.tsx
+++ b/src/features/vcs/confirmations.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * the deletion staged (`git rm`), with the same three choices.
  */
 import { onFileOperation, type FileOperation } from "@/platform/fileOps";
+import { tx } from "@/platform/i18n";
 import { call, commands, isTauri } from "@/platform/ipc";
 import { loadSettings } from "@/platform/project";
 import { workflowSettings } from "@/platform/workflowSettings";
@@ -80,8 +81,12 @@ async function handle(op: FileOperation) {
   const n = files.length;
   await runOp(
     op.kind === "created"
-      ? `Add ${n} file${n === 1 ? "" : "s"} to Git`
-      : `Remove ${n} file${n === 1 ? "" : "s"} from Git`,
+      ? n === 1
+        ? tx("Add 1 file to Git")
+        : tx`Add ${n} files to Git`
+      : n === 1
+        ? tx("Remove 1 file from Git")
+        : tx`Remove ${n} files from Git`,
     () => call(commands.vcsStage(files)),
   );
 }
diff --git a/src/features/vcs/conflictsUi.tsx b/src/features/vcs/conflictsUi.tsx
index c24969bd..2777e3ea 100644
--- a/src/features/vcs/conflictsUi.tsx
+++ b/src/features/vcs/conflictsUi.tsx
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ export function openMergeEditor(path: string) {
 async function acceptSide(f: FileStatus, side: "ours" | "theirs") {
   const path = stripSlash(f.path);
   await runOp(
-    `Accept ${side === "ours" ? "yours" : "theirs"} for ${baseName(path)}`,
+    side === "ours" ? tx`Accept yours for ${baseName(path)}` : tx`Accept theirs for ${baseName(path)}`,
     async () => {
       const v = await call(commands.vcsConflictVersions(path));
       const text = side === "ours" ? v.ours : v.theirs;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ async function acceptSide(f: FileStatus, side: "ours" | "theirs") {
       }
       await call(commands.vcsStage([path]));
     },
-    { success: `${baseName(path)} resolved` },
+    { success: tx`${baseName(path)} resolved` },
   );
 }
 
diff --git a/src/features/vcs/gitMenuDialogs.tsx b/src/features/vcs/gitMenuDialogs.tsx
index 12171251..cc19fb22 100644
--- a/src/features/vcs/gitMenuDialogs.tsx
+++ b/src/features/vcs/gitMenuDialogs.tsx
@@ -238,9 +238,9 @@ function MergeDialog({ onClose }: { onClose: () => void }) {
     await saveAll();
     const target = head ?? "HEAD";
     await runOp(
-      `Merge ${branch} into ${target}`,
+      tx`Merge ${branch} into ${target}`,
       () => call(commands.vcsMergeWith(repo, [branch], mergeOptionsOf(flags, withMessage ? message : null))),
-      { success: `Merged ${branch} into ${target}`, errorActions: conflictActions, onError: openConflictsInstead },
+      { success: tx`Merged ${branch} into ${target}`, errorActions: conflictActions, onError: openConflictsInstead },
     );
     await refreshNow();
   };
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ function RebaseDialog({ onClose }: { onClose: () => void }) {
     const target = useOnto && onto ? onto : upstream;
     const current = head ?? "HEAD";
     await runOp(
-      `Rebase ${current} onto ${target}`,
+      tx`Rebase ${current} onto ${target}`,
       () =>
         call(
           commands.vcsRebaseWith(repo, upstream, {
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ function RebaseDialog({ onClose }: { onClose: () => void }) {
             keepEmpty,
           }),
         ),
-      { success: `Rebased ${current} onto ${target}`, errorActions: conflictActions, onError: openConflictsInstead },
+      { success: tx`Rebased ${current} onto ${target}`, errorActions: conflictActions, onError: openConflictsInstead },
     );
     await refreshNow();
   };
diff --git a/src/features/vcs/logChanges.ts b/src/features/vcs/logChanges.ts
index 87e1b0d2..c292d945 100644
--- a/src/features/vcs/logChanges.ts
+++ b/src/features/vcs/logChanges.ts
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ export async function getFromRevision(changes: readonly LogChange[]) {
   if (!ok) return;
   await saveAll();
   await runOp(
-    "Get from Revision",
+    tx("Get from Revision"),
     async () => {
       for (const c of changes) {
         const path = absolutePath(c.path, c.repo);
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ export async function revertSelectedChanges(changes: readonly LogChange[], commi
   const ids = [...commits].reverse().map((c) => c.id);
   const paths = new Set(changes.flatMap((c) => (c.oldPath ? [c.path, c.oldPath] : [c.path])));
   const outcome = await runOp(
-    "Revert selected changes",
+    tx("Revert selected changes"),
     async () => {
       const patch = filterPatch(
         await call(
diff --git a/src/features/vcs/operations.tsx b/src/features/vcs/operations.tsx
index d0a9bbe0..51ac6ec4 100644
--- a/src/features/vcs/operations.tsx
+++ b/src/features/vcs/operations.tsx
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ export async function controlOperation(control: "continue" | "skip" | "abort", e
     {
       progress,
       success,
-      failure: `${controlLabel(op, control)} failed`,
+      failure: tx`${controlLabel(op, control)} failed`,
       onError: control === "abort" ? undefined : conflictsInstead,
     },
   );
@@ -241,8 +241,8 @@ export async function cherryPick(commits: Commit[]) {
     { op: "cherryPick", commits: ordered.map((c) => c.id) },
     {
       progress: "Cherry-picking",
-      success: `Cherry-picked ${label}`,
-      failure: "Cherry-pick failed",
+      success: tx`Cherry-picked ${label}`,
+      failure: tx("Cherry-pick failed"),
       onError: conflictsInstead,
     },
     commitRepo(commits[0]!) ?? currentRepo(),
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ export async function revertCommits(commits: Commit[]) {
     ordered.length === 1 ? `${short(ordered[0]!.id)} “${ordered[0]!.summary}”` : `${ordered.length} commits`;
   await runGitOperation(
     { op: "revert", commits: ordered.map((c) => c.id) },
-    { progress: "Reverting", success: `Reverted ${label}`, failure: "Revert failed", onError: conflictsInstead },
+    { progress: "Reverting", success: tx`Reverted ${label}`, failure: tx("Revert failed"), onError: conflictsInstead },
     commitRepo(commits[0]!) ?? currentRepo(),
   );
 }
@@ -294,8 +294,8 @@ function ResetDialog({ commit, onClose }: { commit?: Commit; onClose: () => void
       { op: "reset", commit: rev, mode },
       {
         progress: "Resetting",
-        success: `Reset ${head} to ${commit ? short(commit.id) : rev} (${mode})`,
-        failure: "Reset failed",
+        success: tx`Reset ${head} to ${commit ? short(commit.id) : rev} (${mode})`,
+        failure: tx("Reset failed"),
       },
       repo,
     );
@@ -374,8 +374,8 @@ export async function newTagOn(commit: Commit) {
   });
   if (!r) return;
   const create = () => call(commands.vcsCreateTag(repo, r.value, commit.id, null, false));
-  const ok = await runOp(`Create tag ${r.value}`, create, {
-    success: `Created tag ${r.value} on ${short(commit.id)}`,
+  const ok = await runOp(tx`Create tag ${r.value}`, create, {
+    success: tx`Created tag ${r.value} on ${short(commit.id)}`,
   });
   // Tags are not part of the refs signature that reloads the log.
   if (ok !== undefined) void reloadLog();
@@ -402,9 +402,9 @@ function TagDialog({ onClose }: { onClose: () => void }) {
     onClose();
     const tag = name.trim();
     const ok = await runOp(
-      `Create tag ${tag}`,
+      tx`Create tag ${tag}`,
       () => call(commands.vcsCreateTag(repo, tag, commit.trim() || "HEAD", message || null, force)),
-      { success: `Created tag ${tag}` },
+      { success: tx`Created tag ${tag}` },
     );
     if (ok !== undefined && useGitLog.getState().commits.length) void reloadLog();
   };
diff --git a/src/features/vcs/ops.ts b/src/features/vcs/ops.ts
index db134452..504dd309 100644
--- a/src/features/vcs/ops.ts
+++ b/src/features/vcs/ops.ts
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ export async function runOp<T>(title: string, fn: () => Promise<T>, opts: OpOpti
       notifications().notify({
         group: "vcs",
         level: "error",
-        title: `${title} failed`,
+        title: tx`${title} failed`,
         body: message,
         actions: opts.errorActions?.(message),
       });
diff --git a/src/features/vcs/patches.tsx b/src/features/vcs/patches.tsx
index ab3a5883..0f4ee082 100644
--- a/src/features/vcs/patches.tsx
+++ b/src/features/vcs/patches.tsx
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ function CreatePatchDialog({ origin, onClose }: { origin: PatchOrigin; onClose:
               reverse,
             };
     const done = await runOp(
-      "Create patch",
+      tx("Create patch"),
       async () => {
         const patch =
           origin.kind === "shelf"
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ function ApplyPatchDialog({ patch, source, onClose }: { patch: string; source: s
   const run = async () => {
     onClose();
     await saveAll();
-    const outcome = await runOp(`Apply patch (${source})`, () => call(commands.vcsApplyPatch(repo, patch)), {
+    const outcome = await runOp(tx`Apply patch (${source})`, () => call(commands.vcsApplyPatch(repo, patch)), {
       refresh: false,
     });
     if (outcome) await reportApply(outcome, "Patch applied");
diff --git a/src/features/vcs/rebase.tsx b/src/features/vcs/rebase.tsx
index 044b0218..a6a74155 100644
--- a/src/features/vcs/rebase.tsx
+++ b/src/features/vcs/rebase.tsx
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ export async function undoCommit(commit: Commit) {
     if (!ok) return;
   }
   const undo = () => call(commands.vcsUndoCommit(repo, commit.id));
-  const message = await runOp(`Undo commit ${short(commit.id)}`, undo, {
-    success: `Undid commit ${short(commit.id)} “${commit.summary}”; its changes are staged`,
+  const message = await runOp(tx`Undo commit ${short(commit.id)}`, undo, {
+    success: tx`Undid commit ${short(commit.id)} “${commit.summary}”; its changes are staged`,
   });
   // IDEA offers the undone message for the next commit.
   if (message !== undefined && !useCommit.getState().message.trim()) useCommit.setState({ message });
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ async function runRebase(base: string | null, entries: RebaseEntry[], done: stri
     {
       progress: "Rebasing",
       success: () => (inProgress() === "rebase" ? "Rebase stopped for editing; continue the rebase when done" : done),
-      failure: "Rebase failed",
+      failure: tx("Rebase failed"),
       onError: conflictsInstead,
     },
     repo,
diff --git a/src/features/vcs/shelf.tsx b/src/features/vcs/shelf.tsx
index 9e808b91..07d8bf59 100644
--- a/src/features/vcs/shelf.tsx
+++ b/src/features/vcs/shelf.tsx
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ function ShelveDialog({
     if (!chosen.length || !name.trim()) return;
     onClose();
     await saveAll();
-    const entry = await runOp(`Shelve changes “${name.trim()}”`, () => call(commands.vcsShelve(name.trim(), chosen)));
+    const entry = await runOp(tx`Shelve changes “${name.trim()}”`, () => call(commands.vcsShelve(name.trim(), chosen)));
     if (!entry) return;
     void loadShelves().catch(() => undefined);
     notifications().notify({
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ function UnshelveDialog({ entry, path, onClose }: { entry: ShelvedChangeList; pa
     onClose();
     await saveAll();
     const outcome = await runOp(
-      `Unshelve “${entry.name}”`,
+      tx`Unshelve “${entry.name}”`,
       () => call(commands.vcsUnshelve(entry.id, remove, path ?? null)),
       {
         refresh: false,
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ export async function deleteShelf(entry: ShelvedChangeList, path?: string) {
     danger: true,
   });
   if (!ok) return;
-  await runOp(`Delete shelved changes “${entry.name}”`, () => call(commands.vcsShelfDelete(entry.id, path ?? null)), {
+  await runOp(tx`Delete shelved changes “${entry.name}”`, () => call(commands.vcsShelfDelete(entry.id, path ?? null)), {
     refresh: false,
   });
   void loadShelves().catch(() => undefined);
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ export async function renameShelf(entry: ShelvedChangeList) {
     okLabel: "Rename",
   });
   if (!r || r.value === entry.name) return;
-  await runOp("Rename shelved changes", () => call(commands.vcsShelfRename(entry.id, r.value)), { refresh: false });
+  await runOp(tx("Rename shelved changes"), () => call(commands.vcsShelfRename(entry.id, r.value)), { refresh: false });
   void loadShelves().catch(() => undefined);
 }
 
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ export async function importShelfPatches(paths?: string[]) {
   if (!picked) return;
   for (const path of typeof picked === "string" ? [picked] : picked) {
     await runOp(
-      "Import patches",
+      tx("Import patches"),
       async () => call(commands.vcsShelfImport(repo, baseName(path), await call(commands.fsReadText(path)))),
       { refresh: false },
     );
diff --git a/src/platform/colorScheme.test.ts b/src/platform/colorScheme.test.ts
index 67cecc22..08e95786 100644
--- a/src/platform/colorScheme.test.ts
+++ b/src/platform/colorScheme.test.ts
@@ -92,6 +92,19 @@ describe("color schemes", () => {
       root.dataset.theme = "dark";
       await Promise.resolve();
       expect(scheme()).toBe("dark");
+      // A scheme chosen in the same change as the theme (one Apply) goes with it.
+      await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r));
+      useProject.setState({ settings: { editor: { colorScheme: "solarized-dark" } } as unknown as Settings });
+      root.dataset.theme = "light";
+      await Promise.resolve();
+      expect(scheme()).toBe("solarized-dark");
+      // A later theme change on its own still switches it back.
+      await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r));
+      root.dataset.theme = "dark";
+      await Promise.resolve();
+      root.dataset.theme = "light";
+      await Promise.resolve();
+      expect(scheme()).toBe("theme-default");
     } finally {
       dispose();
       delete root.dataset.colorTheme;
diff --git a/src/platform/locales/text/zh.json b/src/platform/locales/text/zh.json
index ed0d5867..4a0dfc89 100644
--- a/src/platform/locales/text/zh.json
+++ b/src/platform/locales/text/zh.json
@@ -1478,7 +1478,7 @@
   "Passed as -Dmaven.repo.local.": "以 -Dmaven.repo.local 传入。",
   "Passed as -s (mirrors, servers, proxies).": "以 -s 传入（镜像、服务器、代理）。",
   "Passed to rustfmt when reformatting, e.g. --edition 2024": "重新格式化时传递给 rustfmt，例如 --edition 2024",
-  "Passed to the JVM running jdtls (java.jdt.ls.vmargs), e.g. -Xmx4g. jdtls runs with -XX:+UseParallelGC -XX:GCTimeRatio=4 -XX:AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight=90 -Xmx2G -Xms100m by default; an option set here replaces the default for the same setting, and another collector (e.g. -XX:+UseG1GC) replaces the default collector options. A Lombok agent is added automatically: the one installed in Language Servers, else, when the project uses Lombok (its build, an inherited parent POM or Gradle build, or its sources' imports), the newest from the Maven / Gradle caches.": "传递给运行 jdtls 的 JVM (java.jdt.ls.vmargs)，例如 -Xmx4g。jdtls 默认使用 -XX:+UseParallelGC -XX:GCTimeRatio=4 -XX:AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight=90 -Xmx2G -Xms100m 运行；此处设置的选项会替换同一设置的默认值，指定其他垃圾回收器（例如 -XX:+UseG1GC）时会替换默认的回收器选项。会自动添加 Lombok 代理：优先使用在“语言服务器”中安装的版本；否则当项目使用 Lombok（构建文件、继承的父 POM 或 Gradle 构建、源码中的 import）时，使用 Maven / Gradle 缓存中最新的版本。",
+  "Passed to the JVM running jdtls (java.jdt.ls.vmargs), e.g. -Xmx4g. jdtls runs with -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:G1PeriodicGCInterval=60000 -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=10 -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=30 -Xmx2G -Xms100m by default; an option set here replaces the default for the same setting, and another collector (e.g. -XX:+UseZGC) replaces the default collector options. A Lombok agent is added automatically: the one installed in Language Servers, else, when the project uses Lombok (its build, an inherited parent POM or Gradle build, or its sources' imports), the newest from the Maven / Gradle caches.": "传递给运行 jdtls 的 JVM (java.jdt.ls.vmargs)，例如 -Xmx4g。jdtls 默认使用 -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:G1PeriodicGCInterval=60000 -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=10 -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=30 -Xmx2G -Xms100m 运行；此处设置的选项会替换同一设置的默认值，指定其他垃圾回收器（例如 -XX:+UseZGC）时会替换默认的回收器选项。会自动添加 Lombok 代理：优先使用在“语言服务器”中安装的版本；否则当项目使用 Lombok（构建文件、继承的父 POM 或 Gradle 构建、源码中的 import）时，使用 Maven / Gradle 缓存中最新的版本。",
   "Pop stash": "弹出储藏",
   "Preview Source": "预览源代码",
   "Reinstate index": "恢复索引",
@@ -3420,13 +3420,11 @@
   "Remove all networks not used by a container?": "移除所有未被容器使用的网络？",
   "Remove stopped containers, unused networks, dangling images and the build cache?": "移除已停止的容器、未使用的网络、悬空镜像和构建缓存？",
   "Prune {target}": "清理{target}",
-  "Pruning {target}…": "正在清理 {target}…",
   "Pulling {name}…": "正在拉取 {name}…",
   "containers": "容器",
   "images": "镜像",
   "volumes": "卷",
   "networks": "网络",
-  "unused images": "未使用的镜像",
   "Compose project '{name}'": "Compose 项目 '{name}'",
   "Engine {server} · CLI {client}": "引擎 {server} · CLI {client}",
   " · context {name}": " · 上下文 {name}",
@@ -5847,5 +5845,72 @@
   "Could not remove network": "无法删除网络",
   "Could not pull {reference}": "无法拉取 {reference}",
   "Could not prune": "无法清理",
-  "Compose {op} failed for {project}": "Compose {op} 在 {project} 上失败"
+  "Pruning stopped containers…": "正在清理已停止的容器…",
+  "Pruning dangling images…": "正在清理悬空镜像…",
+  "Pruning unused images…": "正在清理未使用的镜像…",
+  "Pruning unused volumes…": "正在清理未使用的卷…",
+  "Pruning unused networks…": "正在清理未使用的网络…",
+  "Pruning the system…": "正在清理系统…",
+  "Starting Compose project {project}…": "正在启动 Compose 项目 {project}…",
+  "Stopping Compose project {project}…": "正在停止 Compose 项目 {project}…",
+  "Restarting Compose project {project}…": "正在重启 Compose 项目 {project}…",
+  "Taking down Compose project {project}…": "正在停止并移除 Compose 项目 {project}…",
+  "Could not start Compose project {project}": "无法启动 Compose 项目 {project}",
+  "Could not stop Compose project {project}": "无法停止 Compose 项目 {project}",
+  "Could not restart Compose project {project}": "无法重启 Compose 项目 {project}",
+  "Could not take down Compose project {project}": "无法停止并移除 Compose 项目 {project}",
+  "Stage hunk of {path}": "暂存 {path} 的块",
+  "{path} reverted": "已还原 {path}",
+  "{length} files reverted": "已还原 {length} 个文件",
+  "Resolve {path}": "解决 {path}",
+  "{path}: conflicts resolved": "{path}：冲突已解决",
+  "Create branch {value}": "创建分支 {value}",
+  "Merge {branch} into {current}": "将 {branch} 合并到 {current}",
+  "Merged {branch} into {current}": "已将 {branch} 合并到 {current}",
+  "Rebase {current} onto {branch}": "将 {current} 变基到 {branch}",
+  "Rebased {current} onto {branch}": "已将 {current} 变基到 {branch}",
+  "Rename branch {name}": "重命名分支 {name}",
+  "Renamed branch {name} to {to}": "已将分支 {name} 重命名为 {to}",
+  "Delete branch {name}": "删除分支 {name}",
+  "Restore branch {name}": "恢复分支 {name}",
+  "Merge {branch} ({root})": "合并 {branch}（{root}）",
+  "Rebase onto {branch} ({root})": "变基到 {branch}（{root}）",
+  "Delete branch {name} ({root})": "删除分支 {name}（{root}）",
+  "1 file amended in {several} repositories": "已在 {several} 个仓库中修改 1 个文件的提交",
+  "{n} files amended in {several} repositories": "已在 {several} 个仓库中修改 {n} 个文件的提交",
+  "1 file amended": "已修改 1 个文件的提交",
+  "{n} files amended": "已修改 {n} 个文件的提交",
+  "1 file committed in {several} repositories": "已在 {several} 个仓库中提交 1 个文件",
+  "{n} files committed in {several} repositories": "已在 {several} 个仓库中提交 {n} 个文件",
+  "1 file committed": "已提交 1 个文件",
+  "{n} files committed": "已提交 {n} 个文件",
+  "Rolled back 1 file": "已回滚 1 个文件",
+  "Rolled back {length} files": "已回滚 {length} 个文件",
+  "Add 1 file to Git": "将 1 个文件添加到 Git",
+  "Add {length} files to Git": "将 {length} 个文件添加到 Git",
+  "Stash changes": "储藏更改",
+  "Changes stashed": "已储藏更改",
+  "Unstashed {ref} on branch {branch}": "已在分支 {branch} 上取消储藏 {ref}",
+  "Unstashed {ref}": "已取消储藏 {ref}",
+  "Applied {ref}": "已应用 {ref}",
+  "Dropped {ref}": "已删除 {ref}",
+  "Remove 1 file from Git": "从 Git 中移除 1 个文件",
+  "Remove {n} files from Git": "从 Git 中移除 {n} 个文件",
+  "Accept yours for {path}": "对 {path} 接受你的版本",
+  "Accept theirs for {path}": "对 {path} 接受他们的版本",
+  "{path} resolved": "{path} 已解决",
+  "Revert selected changes": "还原所选更改",
+  "Create tag {value}": "创建标签 {value}",
+  "Created tag {value} on {id}": "已在 {id} 上创建标签 {value}",
+  "Created tag {tag}": "已创建标签 {tag}",
+  "Create patch": "创建补丁",
+  "Apply patch ({source})": "应用补丁（{source}）",
+  "Undo commit {id}": "撤销提交 {id}",
+  "Undid commit {id} “{summary}”; its changes are staged": "已撤销提交 {id}“{summary}”，其更改已暂存",
+  "Shelve changes “{trim}”": "搁置更改“{trim}”",
+  "Unshelve “{name}”": "取消搁置“{name}”",
+  "Delete shelved changes “{name}”": "删除搁置的更改“{name}”",
+  "Rename shelved changes": "重命名搁置的更改",
+  "Passed to the agent process, replacing variables of the same name. Changes apply to new sessions.": "传给智能体进程，覆盖同名变量。对新会话生效。",
+  "Expected NAME=value: {pair}": "应为 NAME=value：{pair}"
 }