diff --git a/src/main/agent-session-rename-title-read.test.ts b/src/main/agent-session-rename-title-read.test.ts
index c9b7fd23395..80f4e1753ab 100644
--- a/src/main/agent-session-rename-title-read.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/agent-session-rename-title-read.test.ts
@@ -59,4 +59,8 @@ describe('readAgentSessionRenamedTitle', () => {
   it('ignores an empty transcript path', async () => {
     await expect(readAgentSessionRenamedTitle({ transcriptPath: '  ' })).resolves.toBeNull()
   })
+
+  it('resolves null for an ill-typed transcript path instead of rejecting', async () => {
+    await expect(readAgentSessionRenamedTitle({ transcriptPath: 7 as never })).resolves.toBeNull()
+  })
 })
diff --git a/src/main/agent-session-rename-title-read.ts b/src/main/agent-session-rename-title-read.ts
index 5576e9a7dec..1eabfd44606 100644
--- a/src/main/agent-session-rename-title-read.ts
+++ b/src/main/agent-session-rename-title-read.ts
@@ -4,46 +4,32 @@ import { createInterface } from 'node:readline'
 import {
   CLAUDE_CUSTOM_TITLE_RECORD_MARKER,
   findClaudeSessionRenameRecord,
-  readClaudeSessionRenamedTitle,
   type ClaudeSessionRenameRecord
 } from '../shared/agent-session-rename-title'
-import { getSshFilesystemProvider } from './providers/ssh-filesystem-dispatch'
 
 // Why: Claude re-appends the rename record on most turns, so measured against
 // real transcripts (2.8 MB / 37 records, newest 403 B from EOF) a short tail
-// answers nearly every scan. A rename that is never re-appended still exists
-// only once, near the top, so an empty tail widens to a full scan.
+// answers nearly every scan. A rename that is never re-appended exists only
+// once, near the top, so an empty tail widens.
 const TRANSCRIPT_TAIL_SCAN_BYTES = 256 * 1024
-// Why: a rename record is one short line anywhere in the transcript, so the scan
-// streams the file rather than buffering it. Very long sessions are tail-scanned
-// from this offset; a rename that old is already superseded by the tab's
-// persisted value.
+// Why: the widened scan streams rather than buffers, but cap how far back it
+// starts — a rename that old is already superseded by the tab's persisted value.
 const MAX_TRANSCRIPT_SCAN_BYTES = 64 * 1024 * 1024
-const MAX_REMOTE_TRANSCRIPT_READ_BYTES = 8 * 1024 * 1024
 
-export type AgentSessionRenamedTitleArgs = {
-  transcriptPath: string
-  /** SSH connection owning the transcript; omitted for local/WSL panes. */
-  connectionId?: string
-}
+/** Local transcripts only — the renderer skips panes hosted over SSH. */
+export type AgentSessionRenamedTitleArgs = { transcriptPath: string }
 
 /**
  * The deliberate rename (Claude `/rename`) recorded in one agent transcript, or
- * null when the session has none. Best-effort: any read failure resolves null so
- * the tab keeps its generated title instead of the call rejecting.
+ * null when the session has none. Best-effort: any read failure — including an
+ * ill-typed IPC payload — resolves null so the tab keeps its generated title.
  */
 export async function readAgentSessionRenamedTitle(
   args: AgentSessionRenamedTitleArgs
 ): Promise<string | null> {
-  const transcriptPath = args.transcriptPath.trim()
-  if (!transcriptPath) {
-    return null
-  }
-  const connectionId = args.connectionId?.trim()
   try {
-    return connectionId
-      ? await readRemoteRenamedTitle(transcriptPath, connectionId)
-      : await readLocalRenamedTitle(transcriptPath)
+    const transcriptPath = args.transcriptPath.trim()
+    return transcriptPath ? await readLocalRenamedTitle(transcriptPath) : null
   } catch {
     return null
   }
@@ -69,42 +55,16 @@ async function scanTranscriptFrom(
 ): Promise<ClaudeSessionRenameRecord | null> {
   const stream = createReadStream(transcriptPath, { encoding: 'utf8', start })
   try {
-    const lines = createInterface({ input: stream, crlfDelay: Infinity })
-    return findClaudeSessionRenameRecord(await collectLines(lines))
+    // Why: transcripts are mostly long message records — keep only the lines
+    // that can carry a rename instead of buffering the file.
+    const candidates: string[] = []
+    for await (const line of createInterface({ input: stream, crlfDelay: Infinity })) {
+      if (line.includes(CLAUDE_CUSTOM_TITLE_RECORD_MARKER)) {
+        candidates.push(line)
+      }
+    }
+    return findClaudeSessionRenameRecord(candidates)
   } finally {
     stream.destroy()
   }
 }
-
-async function collectLines(lines: AsyncIterable<string>): Promise<string[]> {
-  const collected: string[] = []
-  for await (const line of lines) {
-    if (line.includes(CLAUDE_CUSTOM_TITLE_RECORD_MARKER)) {
-      collected.push(line)
-    }
-  }
-  return collected
-}
-
-async function readRemoteRenamedTitle(
-  transcriptPath: string,
-  connectionId: string
-): Promise<string | null> {
-  // Why: SSH-hosted agents write the transcript on the remote host, so the local
-  // filesystem has nothing to scan. No provider (disconnected) degrades to null.
-  const provider = getSshFilesystemProvider(connectionId)
-  if (!provider) {
-    return null
-  }
-  // Why: the remote read has no tail seek, so cap it well below the local budget
-  // rather than pulling a long session over the link for one short record.
-  const { size } = await provider.stat(transcriptPath)
-  if (size > MAX_REMOTE_TRANSCRIPT_READ_BYTES) {
-    return null
-  }
-  const { content, isBinary } = await provider.readFile(transcriptPath)
-  if (isBinary || !content) {
-    return null
-  }
-  return readClaudeSessionRenamedTitle(content.split('\n'))
-}
diff --git a/src/main/ipc/agent-session-rename.ts b/src/main/ipc/agent-session-rename.ts
index 8d408dfb319..a329b0161f2 100644
--- a/src/main/ipc/agent-session-rename.ts
+++ b/src/main/ipc/agent-session-rename.ts
@@ -14,14 +14,7 @@ export function registerAgentSessionRenameHandlers(): void {
   ipcMain.removeHandler('agentSession:getRenamedTitle')
   ipcMain.handle(
     'agentSession:getRenamedTitle',
-    async (_event, args?: AgentSessionRenamedTitleArgs): Promise<string | null> => {
-      if (!args || typeof args.transcriptPath !== 'string') {
-        return null
-      }
-      return readAgentSessionRenamedTitle({
-        transcriptPath: args.transcriptPath,
-        ...(typeof args.connectionId === 'string' ? { connectionId: args.connectionId } : {})
-      })
-    }
+    async (_event, args?: AgentSessionRenamedTitleArgs): Promise<string | null> =>
+      typeof args?.transcriptPath === 'string' ? readAgentSessionRenamedTitle(args) : null
   )
 }
diff --git a/src/preload/api-types.ts b/src/preload/api-types.ts
index af7204eaeb9..878efd4aa1a 100644
--- a/src/preload/api-types.ts
+++ b/src/preload/api-types.ts
@@ -2468,11 +2468,8 @@ export type PreloadApi = {
     }) => Promise<void>
   }
   agentSession: {
-    /** Deliberate in-agent rename (Claude `/rename`) recorded in a transcript. */
-    getRenamedTitle: (args: {
-      transcriptPath: string
-      connectionId?: string
-    }) => Promise<string | null>
+    /** Deliberate in-agent rename (Claude `/rename`) recorded in a local transcript. */
+    getRenamedTitle: (args: { transcriptPath: string }) => Promise<string | null>
   }
   preflight: PreflightApi
   notifications: {
diff --git a/src/preload/index.ts b/src/preload/index.ts
index 11e1ea98849..60c5d268d8f 100644
--- a/src/preload/index.ts
+++ b/src/preload/index.ts
@@ -2140,10 +2140,8 @@ const api = {
   },
 
   agentSession: {
-    getRenamedTitle: (args: {
-      transcriptPath: string
-      connectionId?: string
-    }): Promise<string | null> => ipcRenderer.invoke('agentSession:getRenamedTitle', args)
+    getRenamedTitle: (args: { transcriptPath: string }): Promise<string | null> =>
+      ipcRenderer.invoke('agentSession:getRenamedTitle', args)
   },
 
   preflight: {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/lib/agent-session-rename-refresh.ts b/src/renderer/src/lib/agent-session-rename-refresh.ts
index 1a0fce08ce0..b17e3a3099e 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/lib/agent-session-rename-refresh.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/lib/agent-session-rename-refresh.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 import { isAgentRenamedTerminalTitle } from '../../../shared/agent-session-rename-title'
 
 // Why: a live OSC title change is the only immediate signal that a deliberate
-// `/rename` may have happened — the agent fires no hook for it. One refresh per
-// tab is in flight at a time so a burst of title frames cannot fan out into
-// concurrent transcript scans; the newest frame of the burst is queued rather
-// than dropped, or the tab would keep a rename verdict for a title it no longer
-// shows until some later title change happens to arrive.
-const inFlightTabIds = new Set<string>()
-const queuedByTabId = new Map<string, AgentRenamedTabTitleRefreshArgs>()
+// `/rename` may have happened — the agent fires no hook for it. Keyed entry
+// means a scan is open for that tab; its value is the newest frame waiting
+// behind it. Queuing rather than dropping matters because Claude stops
+// auto-titling after a rename, so a dropped frame has no later trigger.
+const openRefreshByTabId = new Map<string, AgentRenamedTabTitleRefreshArgs | null>()
 
 export type AgentRenamedTabTitleRefreshArgs = {
   tabId: string
@@ -15,7 +13,6 @@ export type AgentRenamedTabTitleRefreshArgs = {
   liveTitle: string
   /** Transcript per pane of the tab — a split tab can run several sessions. */
   transcriptPaths: readonly string[]
-  connectionId: string | null
   apply: (agentRenamedTitle: string | null) => void
 }
 
@@ -27,18 +24,15 @@ export function scheduleAgentRenamedTabTitleRefresh(args: AgentRenamedTabTitleRe
   if (!getRenamedTitle || args.transcriptPaths.length === 0) {
     return
   }
-  if (inFlightTabIds.has(args.tabId)) {
-    queuedByTabId.set(args.tabId, args)
+  if (openRefreshByTabId.has(args.tabId)) {
+    openRefreshByTabId.set(args.tabId, args)
     return
   }
-  inFlightTabIds.add(args.tabId)
+  openRefreshByTabId.set(args.tabId, null)
   void (async () => {
     try {
       for (const transcriptPath of args.transcriptPaths) {
-        const renamedTitle = await getRenamedTitle({
-          transcriptPath,
-          ...(args.connectionId ? { connectionId: args.connectionId } : {})
-        })
+        const renamedTitle = await getRenamedTitle({ transcriptPath })
         if (isAgentRenamedTerminalTitle(args.liveTitle, renamedTitle)) {
           args.apply(renamedTitle)
           return
@@ -48,10 +42,9 @@ export function scheduleAgentRenamedTabTitleRefresh(args: AgentRenamedTabTitleRe
     } catch {
       // Best-effort: an unreadable transcript leaves the generated title in place.
     } finally {
-      inFlightTabIds.delete(args.tabId)
-      const queued = queuedByTabId.get(args.tabId)
+      const queued = openRefreshByTabId.get(args.tabId)
+      openRefreshByTabId.delete(args.tabId)
       if (queued) {
-        queuedByTabId.delete(args.tabId)
         scheduleAgentRenamedTabTitleRefresh(queued)
       }
     }
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/agent-session-rename-tab-title.test.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/agent-session-rename-tab-title.test.ts
index d938637d18c..006411f07cf 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/agent-session-rename-tab-title.test.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/agent-session-rename-tab-title.test.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import {
   resolveTerminalTabTitle,
   resolveUnifiedTabLabel
 } from '../../../../shared/tab-title-resolution'
-import { createTestStore, makeWorktree, seedStore } from './store-test-helpers'
+import { createTestStore, makeWorktree, seedStore, TEST_REPO } from './store-test-helpers'
 
 const WORKTREE_ID = 'repo1::/path/wt1'
 const LEAF_ID = '11111111-1111-4111-8111-111111111111'
@@ -130,6 +130,17 @@ describe('deliberate in-agent rename vs generated tab title', () => {
     )
   })
 
+  it('does not scan an SSH-hosted pane, whose transcript lives on the remote host', async () => {
+    const store = createTestStore()
+    const tabId = seedAgentTab(store)
+    store.setState({ repos: [{ ...TEST_REPO, connectionId: 'ssh-1' }] })
+
+    store.getState().updateTabTitle(tabId, '✳ billing-fix')
+    await Promise.resolve()
+
+    expect(getRenamedTitle).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
   it('does not scan transcripts while generated titles are off', async () => {
     const store = createTestStore()
     const tabId = seedAgentTab(store)
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/terminals.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/terminals.ts
index 332e78bb661..bac6e78f2a9 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/terminals.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/terminals.ts
@@ -333,52 +333,19 @@ function getTerminalTabOwnerWorktreeId(
   return terminalTabOwnerCache.get(tabId) ?? null
 }
 
-function updateUnifiedTerminalLabel(
-  unifiedTabs: Tab[],
-  terminalTabId: string,
-  label: string
-): Tab[] | null {
+/** Null when the terminal has no unified tab or the field already holds `value`. */
+function updateUnifiedTerminalLabelField<
+  K extends 'label' | 'generatedLabel' | 'agentRenamedLabel'
+>(unifiedTabs: Tab[], terminalTabId: string, field: K, value: Tab[K]): Tab[] | null {
   const unifiedIndex = unifiedTabs.findIndex(
     (entry) => entry.contentType === 'terminal' && entry.entityId === terminalTabId
   )
-  if (unifiedIndex === -1 || unifiedTabs[unifiedIndex]?.label === label) {
-    return null
-  }
-  return unifiedTabs.map((entry, index) => (index === unifiedIndex ? { ...entry, label } : entry))
-}
-
-function updateUnifiedTerminalAgentRenamedLabel(
-  unifiedTabs: Tab[],
-  terminalTabId: string,
-  agentRenamedLabel: string | null
-): Tab[] | null {
-  const unifiedIndex = unifiedTabs.findIndex(
-    (entry) => entry.contentType === 'terminal' && entry.entityId === terminalTabId
-  )
-  if (
-    unifiedIndex === -1 ||
-    (unifiedTabs[unifiedIndex]?.agentRenamedLabel ?? null) === agentRenamedLabel
-  ) {
+  const current = unifiedTabs[unifiedIndex]
+  if (!current || (current[field] ?? null) === (value ?? null)) {
     return null
   }
   return unifiedTabs.map((entry, index) =>
-    index === unifiedIndex ? { ...entry, agentRenamedLabel } : entry
-  )
-}
-
-function updateUnifiedTerminalGeneratedLabel(
-  unifiedTabs: Tab[],
-  terminalTabId: string,
-  generatedLabel: string
-): Tab[] | null {
-  const unifiedIndex = unifiedTabs.findIndex(
-    (entry) => entry.contentType === 'terminal' && entry.entityId === terminalTabId
-  )
-  if (unifiedIndex === -1 || unifiedTabs[unifiedIndex]?.generatedLabel === generatedLabel) {
-    return null
-  }
-  return unifiedTabs.map((entry, index) =>
-    index === unifiedIndex ? { ...entry, generatedLabel } : entry
+    index === unifiedIndex ? { ...entry, [field]: value } : entry
   )
 }
 
@@ -501,6 +468,13 @@ function requestAgentRenamedTabTitle(get: () => AppState, tabId: string, liveTit
   if (!ownerWorktreeId) {
     return
   }
+  // Why: an SSH-hosted agent writes its transcript on the remote host, and the
+  // remote filesystem contract has no ranged read — scanning it would pull the
+  // whole transcript over the link on every title frame. Skip instead, and never
+  // read the remote path locally where it could resolve to an unrelated file.
+  if (getRemoteConnectionIdForWorktree(state, ownerWorktreeId)) {
+    return
+  }
   const transcriptPaths = Object.entries(state.agentStatusByPaneKey).flatMap(([paneKey, entry]) => {
     const transcriptPath = entry?.providerSession?.transcriptPath?.trim()
     return transcriptPath && getTabIdFromPaneKey(paneKey) === tabId ? [transcriptPath] : []
@@ -509,7 +483,6 @@ function requestAgentRenamedTabTitle(get: () => AppState, tabId: string, liveTit
     tabId,
     liveTitle,
     transcriptPaths,
-    connectionId: getRemoteConnectionIdForWorktree(state, ownerWorktreeId),
     apply: (agentRenamedTitle) => get().setTabAgentRenamedTitle(tabId, agentRenamedTitle)
   })
 }
@@ -2042,9 +2015,10 @@ export const createTerminalSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], TerminalSlice>
       if (!currentTab || (currentTab.agentRenamedTitle ?? null) === agentRenamedTitle) {
         return s
       }
-      const unifiedTabsWithRenamedLabel = updateUnifiedTerminalAgentRenamedLabel(
+      const unifiedTabsWithRenamedLabel = updateUnifiedTerminalLabelField(
         s.unifiedTabsByWorktree[ownerWorktreeId] ?? [],
         tabId,
+        'agentRenamedLabel',
         agentRenamedTitle
       )
       scheduleRuntimeGraphSync()
@@ -2084,9 +2058,10 @@ export const createTerminalSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], TerminalSlice>
       const nextTitle = title.trim() || getFallbackTabTitle(currentTab)
       const currentUnifiedTabs = s.unifiedTabsByWorktree[ownerWorktreeId] ?? []
       if (isDecorativeAgentTitleFrameChange(currentTab.title, nextTitle)) {
-        const unifiedTabsWithCurrentLabel = updateUnifiedTerminalLabel(
+        const unifiedTabsWithCurrentLabel = updateUnifiedTerminalLabelField(
           currentUnifiedTabs,
           tabId,
+          'label',
           currentTab.title
         )
         return unifiedTabsWithCurrentLabel
@@ -2098,9 +2073,10 @@ export const createTerminalSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], TerminalSlice>
             }
           : s
       }
-      const unifiedTabsWithUpdatedLabel = updateUnifiedTerminalLabel(
+      const unifiedTabsWithUpdatedLabel = updateUnifiedTerminalLabelField(
         currentUnifiedTabs,
         tabId,
+        'label',
         nextTitle
       )
       if (currentTab.title === nextTitle) {
@@ -2200,9 +2176,10 @@ export const createTerminalSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], TerminalSlice>
         tab.id === tabId ? { ...tab, generatedTitle } : tab
       )
       const currentUnifiedTabs = s.unifiedTabsByWorktree[ownerWorktreeId] ?? []
-      const unifiedTabsWithGeneratedLabel = updateUnifiedTerminalGeneratedLabel(
+      const unifiedTabsWithGeneratedLabel = updateUnifiedTerminalLabelField(
         currentUnifiedTabs,
         tabId,
+        'generatedLabel',
         generatedTitle
       )
       scheduleRuntimeGraphSync()
diff --git a/src/shared/agent-row-conversation-name.ts b/src/shared/agent-row-conversation-name.ts
index 7ecb15a05fd..eb4eb23a3f6 100644
--- a/src/shared/agent-row-conversation-name.ts
+++ b/src/shared/agent-row-conversation-name.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@
 import type { AgentType } from './agent-status-types'
 import { isAgentRenamedTerminalTitle } from './agent-session-rename-title'
 import { isClaudeManagementTitle } from './agent-title-core'
-import { stripLeadingAgentTitleDecorationOrEmpty } from './agent-title-decoration'
+import {
+  stripLeadingAgentTitleDecoration,
+  stripLeadingAgentTitleDecorationOrEmpty
+} from './agent-title-decoration'
 import { formatAgentTypeLabel } from './agent-type-label'
 import { isMeaningfulOpenCodeTerminalTitle } from './opencode-terminal-title'
 import { SYNTHETIC_AGENT_TITLE_PROFILES } from './synthetic-agent-title'
@@ -132,7 +135,7 @@ export function getAgentRowConversationName(
   }
   const liveTitle = tab.title?.trim() ?? ''
   if (isAgentRenamedTerminalTitle(liveTitle, tab.agentRenamedTitle)) {
-    return stripLeadingAgentTitleDecorationOrEmpty(liveTitle) || liveTitle
+    return stripLeadingAgentTitleDecoration(liveTitle)
   }
   if (isMeaningfulOpenCodeTerminalTitle(liveTitle)) {
     return liveTitle
diff --git a/src/shared/agent-session-rename-title.test.ts b/src/shared/agent-session-rename-title.test.ts
index b0bc0cf1851..4d3990bebbf 100644
--- a/src/shared/agent-session-rename-title.test.ts
+++ b/src/shared/agent-session-rename-title.test.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import {
   findClaudeSessionRenameRecord,
-  isAgentRenamedTerminalTitle,
-  readClaudeSessionRenamedTitle
+  isAgentRenamedTerminalTitle
 } from './agent-session-rename-title'
 
+const readClaudeSessionRenamedTitle = (lines: Iterable<string>): string | null =>
+  findClaudeSessionRenameRecord(lines)?.customTitle ?? null
+
 // Records copied from a real Claude transcript for a session that answered one
 // prompt and was then renamed with `/rename billing-fix`.
 const AI_TITLE_LINE = JSON.stringify({
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ const CUSTOM_TITLE_LINE = JSON.stringify({
   sessionId: 'ac1a3f53-82b1-41ab-8db8-028c1fc15c48'
 })
 
-describe('readClaudeSessionRenamedTitle', () => {
+describe('the rename a Claude transcript currently records', () => {
   it('reads the deliberate rename and ignores auto-generated titles', () => {
     expect(readClaudeSessionRenamedTitle([AI_TITLE_LINE, CUSTOM_TITLE_LINE])).toBe('billing-fix')
   })
diff --git a/src/shared/agent-session-rename-title.ts b/src/shared/agent-session-rename-title.ts
index 6612fe5e76c..c081c8f9113 100644
--- a/src/shared/agent-session-rename-title.ts
+++ b/src/shared/agent-session-rename-title.ts
@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@ import { stripLeadingAgentTitleDecorationOrEmpty } from './agent-title-decoratio
 /** Cheap prefilter for transcript readers before they buffer or parse a line. */
 export const CLAUDE_CUSTOM_TITLE_RECORD_MARKER = '"custom-title"'
 
-/** The newest rename record in a range of transcript lines. `customTitle` is
- *  null when the agent cleared the name — still a record, so callers must not
- *  keep searching earlier ranges for an older one. */
+/** `customTitle` is null when the agent cleared the name — still a record, so
+ *  callers must not keep searching earlier ranges for an older one. */
 export type ClaudeSessionRenameRecord = { customTitle: string | null }
 
 /**
@@ -36,27 +35,14 @@ export function findClaudeSessionRenameRecord(
     } catch {
       continue
     }
-    if (!parsed || typeof parsed !== 'object') {
-      continue
+    const { type, customTitle } = (parsed ?? {}) as { type?: unknown; customTitle?: unknown }
+    if (type === 'custom-title') {
+      record = { customTitle: typeof customTitle === 'string' ? customTitle.trim() || null : null }
     }
-    const { type, customTitle } = parsed as { type?: unknown; customTitle?: unknown }
-    if (type !== 'custom-title') {
-      continue
-    }
-    record = { customTitle: typeof customTitle === 'string' ? customTitle.trim() || null : null }
   }
   return record
 }
 
-/**
- * The session's current deliberate rename from Claude transcript lines, or null
- * when none survives. Later records win; an empty `customTitle` is Claude
- * clearing the name, which must fall back to Orca's generated title.
- */
-export function readClaudeSessionRenamedTitle(lines: Iterable<string>): string | null {
-  return findClaudeSessionRenameRecord(lines)?.customTitle ?? null
-}
-
 /**
  * True when the pane's live OSC title still carries the recorded deliberate
  * rename. Matching (rather than substituting the recorded name) keeps the label