diff --git a/src/main/providers/pty-process-inspection.ts b/src/main/providers/pty-process-inspection.ts
index 852960c6b7d..9ad7cc49cf5 100644
--- a/src/main/providers/pty-process-inspection.ts
+++ b/src/main/providers/pty-process-inspection.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 import type { IPtyProvider } from './types'
+import type { PtyProcessInspectionEvidence } from '../../shared/pty-process-inspection-evidence'
 
 export type PtyProcessInspection = {
   foregroundProcess: string | null
   hasChildProcesses: boolean
   unavailable?: true
+  // Why optional: hosts that predate the evidence contract omit it; readers
+  // fall back to the legacy fields (see readPtyProcessInspectionEvidence).
+  processEvidence?: PtyProcessInspectionEvidence
 }
 
 type CompletionSensitivePtyProvider = IPtyProvider & {
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime.ts b/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime.ts
index 02ea1ba1afc..9b43bfff6b2 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime.ts
@@ -577,6 +577,7 @@ import {
   type TerminalQuickCommandMutation
 } from '../../shared/terminal-quick-commands'
 import type { PtyIncarnationId } from '../../shared/pty-incarnation'
+import type { PtyProcessInspectionEvidence } from '../../shared/pty-process-inspection-evidence'
 import {
   buildAgentDraftLaunchPlan,
   buildAgentResumeStartupPlan,
@@ -2042,9 +2043,12 @@ type RuntimePtyController = {
   markReversibleStops?(ptyIds: readonly string[]): () => void
   getCwd?(ptyId: string): Promise<string | null>
   getForegroundProcess(ptyId: string): Promise<string | null>
-  inspectProcess?(
-    ptyId: string
-  ): Promise<{ foregroundProcess: string | null; hasChildProcesses: boolean; unavailable?: true }>
+  inspectProcess?(ptyId: string): Promise<{
+    foregroundProcess: string | null
+    hasChildProcesses: boolean
+    unavailable?: true
+    processEvidence?: PtyProcessInspectionEvidence
+  }>
   confirmForegroundProcess?(ptyId: string): Promise<string | null>
   confirmShellForeground?(ptyId: string): Promise<boolean>
   hasChildProcesses?(ptyId: string): Promise<boolean>
@@ -22459,9 +22463,12 @@ export class OrcaRuntimeService {
     return { removed: true }
   }
 
-  async inspectTerminalProcess(
-    terminalSelector: string
-  ): Promise<{ foregroundProcess: string | null; hasChildProcesses: boolean; unavailable?: true }> {
+  async inspectTerminalProcess(terminalSelector: string): Promise<{
+    foregroundProcess: string | null
+    hasChildProcesses: boolean
+    unavailable?: true
+    processEvidence?: PtyProcessInspectionEvidence
+  }> {
     const leaf = this.resolveLiveLeafForHandle(terminalSelector)
     if (!leaf?.ptyId || !this.ptyController) {
       throw new Error('terminal_gone')
diff --git a/src/preload/index.ts b/src/preload/index.ts
index d36b385d10a..dc488de7a2a 100644
--- a/src/preload/index.ts
+++ b/src/preload/index.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import type {
   SkillDeleteResult
 } from '../shared/skill-delete-contract'
 import type { AppIdentity } from '../shared/app-identity'
+import type { PtyProcessInspectionEvidence } from '../shared/pty-process-inspection-evidence'
 import type { MacCapturedDigitRowChord } from '../shared/macos-symbolic-hotkeys'
 import type { ComputerAwakeStatus } from '../shared/computer-awake-mode'
 import type {
@@ -1227,6 +1228,7 @@ const api = {
       foregroundProcess: string | null
       hasChildProcesses: boolean
       unavailable?: true
+      processEvidence?: PtyProcessInspectionEvidence
     }> => ipcRenderer.invoke('pty:inspectProcess', { id }),
     confirmForegroundProcess: (id: string): Promise<string | null> =>
       ipcRenderer.invoke('pty:confirmForegroundProcess', { id }),
diff --git a/src/relay/pty-handler-attach-replay.test.ts b/src/relay/pty-handler-attach-replay.test.ts
index 7de5242f2ae..0a8ac1f3304 100644
--- a/src/relay/pty-handler-attach-replay.test.ts
+++ b/src/relay/pty-handler-attach-replay.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest'
-import * as ptyShellUtils from './pty-shell-utils'
+import * as ptyProcessProbes from './pty-process-probes'
 
 const { mockPtySpawn, mockPtyInstance, mockCreateShellPromptReadinessProbe } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   mockPtySpawn: vi.fn(),
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ describe('PtyHandler', () => {
     expect(handler.activePtyCount).toBe(1)
     expect(onExitCb).toBeDefined()
 
-    const aliveSpy = vi.spyOn(ptyShellUtils, 'isProcessAlive').mockReturnValue(false)
+    const aliveSpy = vi.spyOn(ptyProcessProbes, 'isProcessAlive').mockReturnValue(false)
     try {
       await expect(
         dispatcher.callRequest('pty.attach', { id: 'pty-1', suppressReplayNotification: true })
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ describe('PtyHandler', () => {
     await dispatcher.callRequest('pty.spawn', {})
 
     let shutdown: Promise<unknown> | undefined
-    const aliveSpy = vi.spyOn(ptyShellUtils, 'isProcessAlive').mockImplementation(() => {
+    const aliveSpy = vi.spyOn(ptyProcessProbes, 'isProcessAlive').mockImplementation(() => {
       shutdown = dispatcher.callRequest('pty.shutdown', { id: 'pty-1', immediate: true })
       return false
     })
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ describe('PtyHandler', () => {
     const spawn = await spawnPty()
     dataCallback?.('prompt$ ')
 
-    const aliveSpy = vi.spyOn(ptyShellUtils, 'isProcessAlive').mockReturnValue(true)
+    const aliveSpy = vi.spyOn(ptyProcessProbes, 'isProcessAlive').mockReturnValue(true)
     try {
       const result = await attachPty({
         id: 'pty-1',
diff --git a/src/relay/pty-handler-spawn-admission.test.ts b/src/relay/pty-handler-spawn-admission.test.ts
index aae35a2e166..8ef44520039 100644
--- a/src/relay/pty-handler-spawn-admission.test.ts
+++ b/src/relay/pty-handler-spawn-admission.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest'
-import * as ptyShellUtils from './pty-shell-utils'
+import * as ptyProcessProbes from './pty-process-probes'
 
 const { mockPtySpawn, mockPtyInstance, mockCreateShellPromptReadinessProbe } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   mockPtySpawn: vi.fn(),
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ describe('PtyHandler', () => {
       handler.onPtyPoolEmpty(poolEmpty)
       await spawnPty()
 
-      const aliveSpy = vi.spyOn(ptyShellUtils, 'isProcessAlive').mockReturnValue(false)
+      const aliveSpy = vi.spyOn(ptyProcessProbes, 'isProcessAlive').mockReturnValue(false)
       try {
         await expect(attachPty({ id: 'pty-1', suppressReplayNotification: true })).rejects.toThrow(
           'PTY "pty-1" not found'
diff --git a/src/relay/pty-handler-startup-command-delivery.test.ts b/src/relay/pty-handler-startup-command-delivery.test.ts
index 8e522e68f59..9ea11237bd7 100644
--- a/src/relay/pty-handler-startup-command-delivery.test.ts
+++ b/src/relay/pty-handler-startup-command-delivery.test.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { mkdtempSync, rmSync } from 'node:fs'
 import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
 import { join } from 'node:path'
 import { SETUP_AGENT_SEQUENCE_STARTUP_COMMAND_ENV } from '../shared/setup-agent-sequencing'
-import * as ptyShellUtils from './pty-shell-utils'
+import * as ptyProcessProbes from './pty-process-probes'
 
 const { mockPtySpawn, mockPtyInstance, mockCreateShellPromptReadinessProbe } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   mockPtySpawn: vi.fn(),
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ describe('PtyHandler', () => {
       }
       expect(handler.retainedStartupCommandCount).toBe(1)
 
-      const aliveSpy = vi.spyOn(ptyShellUtils, 'isProcessAlive').mockReturnValue(false)
+      const aliveSpy = vi.spyOn(ptyProcessProbes, 'isProcessAlive').mockReturnValue(false)
       try {
         await expect(dispatcher.callRequest('pty.attach', { id: 'pty-1' })).rejects.toThrow(
           'PTY "pty-1" not found'
diff --git a/src/relay/pty-handler-test-harness.ts b/src/relay/pty-handler-test-harness.ts
index 04dc828e507..b29e345c989 100644
--- a/src/relay/pty-handler-test-harness.ts
+++ b/src/relay/pty-handler-test-harness.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { vi } from 'vitest'
 import type { Mock } from 'vitest'
-import * as ptyShellUtils from './pty-shell-utils'
+import * as ptyProcessProbes from './pty-process-probes'
 import { PtyHandler } from './pty-handler'
 import type { RelayDispatcher } from './dispatcher'
 
@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ export function beginPtyHandlerTest(mocks: PtyHandlerTestMocks): {
     notifyOutput: vi.fn(),
     dispose: vi.fn()
   })
-  vi.spyOn(ptyShellUtils, 'processHasChildren').mockResolvedValue(false)
+  vi.spyOn(ptyProcessProbes, 'processHasChildren').mockResolvedValue(false)
+  vi.spyOn(ptyProcessProbes, 'probeProcessChildren').mockResolvedValue({ verdict: 'exited' })
 
   mockPtySpawn.mockReturnValue({ ...mockPtyInstance })
 
diff --git a/src/relay/pty-handler.ts b/src/relay/pty-handler.ts
index a9fd21a4fe2..e1344dac760 100644
--- a/src/relay/pty-handler.ts
+++ b/src/relay/pty-handler.ts
@@ -11,11 +11,19 @@ import {
   resolveDefaultShell,
   resolveDefaultCwd,
   resolveProcessCwd,
-  processHasChildren,
-  getForegroundProcessName,
-  isProcessAlive,
   listShellProfiles
 } from './pty-shell-utils'
+import {
+  processHasChildren,
+  probeProcessChildren,
+  getForegroundProcessName,
+  observeForegroundProcess,
+  isProcessAlive
+} from './pty-process-probes'
+import {
+  buildPtyProcessInspectionWireResult,
+  type PtyProcessInspectionWireResult
+} from '../shared/pty-process-inspection-evidence'
 import { getRelayShellLaunchConfig, isRelayWslShell } from './pty-shell-launch'
 import { addWslEnvKeys } from '../shared/wsl-env'
 import { SHELL_STARTUP_FEATURE_ENV } from '../main/shell-startup-features'
@@ -2080,23 +2088,20 @@ export class PtyHandler {
     return await getForegroundProcessName(managed.pty.pid, managed.pty.process || null)
   }
 
-  private async inspectProcess(params: Record<string, unknown>): Promise<{
-    foregroundProcess: string | null
-    hasChildProcesses: boolean
-  }> {
+  private async inspectProcess(
+    params: Record<string, unknown>
+  ): Promise<PtyProcessInspectionWireResult> {
     const id = params.id as string
     const managed = this.ptys.get(id)
     if (!managed || managed.disposed) {
       throw new Error('terminal_gone')
     }
-    const foregroundProcess = await getForegroundProcessName(
-      managed.pty.pid,
-      managed.pty.process || null
-    )
-    return {
-      foregroundProcess,
-      hasChildProcesses: await processHasChildren(managed.pty.pid)
-    }
+    // Why evidence, not booleans: completion consumers must be able to tell
+    // "no children observed" from "the probe could not run". The builder keeps
+    // the legacy fields collapsing exactly as before for pre-evidence clients.
+    const foreground = await observeForegroundProcess(managed.pty.pid, managed.pty.process || null)
+    const children = await probeProcessChildren(managed.pty.pid)
+    return buildPtyProcessInspectionWireResult(foreground, children)
   }
 
   private async listProcesses(): Promise<PtyProcessSummary[]> {
diff --git a/src/relay/pty-process-probes.test.ts b/src/relay/pty-process-probes.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..43ab1844d5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/relay/pty-process-probes.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+const { execFileMock, execFileSyncMock, getAllProcessesMock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  execFileMock: vi.fn(),
+  getAllProcessesMock: vi.fn(),
+  execFileSyncMock: vi.fn()
+}))
+
+vi.mock('child_process', () => ({
+  execFile: execFileMock,
+  execFileSync: execFileSyncMock
+}))
+
+import { resetWindowsProcessRowsSnapshotForTests } from '../main/providers/windows-foreground-process-rows'
+import { __setWindowsProcessTreeLoaderForTests } from '../main/windows/windows-process-table'
+import { resetProcessTableSnapshotForTests } from '../shared/process-table-snapshot'
+import {
+  getForegroundProcessName,
+  isProcessAlive,
+  observeForegroundProcess,
+  probeProcessChildren,
+  processHasChildren
+} from './pty-process-probes'
+
+function mockExecFile(
+  implementation: (command: string, args: string[]) => { stdout: string; stderr?: string } | Error
+): void {
+  execFileMock.mockImplementation(
+    (command: string, args: string[], _opts: unknown, cb: unknown) => {
+      const callback = cb as (err: unknown, result: { stdout: string; stderr: string }) => void
+      const result = implementation(command, args)
+      if (result instanceof Error) {
+        callback(result, { stdout: '', stderr: '' })
+        return
+      }
+      callback(null, { stdout: result.stdout, stderr: result.stderr ?? '' })
+    }
+  )
+}
+
+/**
+ * Feed the native Windows snapshot. A real snapshot always contains the
+ * querying process, and the reader rejects a table without it.
+ */
+function mockWindowsProcessTable(
+  rows: { pid: number; ppid: number; name: string; commandLine?: string }[]
+): void {
+  __setWindowsProcessTreeLoaderForTests(() => ({
+    ProcessDataFlag: { None: 0, Memory: 1, CommandLine: 2 },
+    getAllProcesses: (cb: (value: typeof rows | undefined) => void) =>
+      cb([{ pid: process.pid, ppid: 0, name: 'vitest.exe', commandLine: 'vitest' }, ...rows])
+  }))
+  getAllProcessesMock.mockClear()
+}
+
+async function withProcessPlatform<T>(
+  platform: NodeJS.Platform,
+  run: () => T | Promise<T>
+): Promise<T> {
+  const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(process, 'platform')
+  Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', { configurable: true, value: platform })
+  try {
+    return await run()
+  } finally {
+    if (descriptor) {
+      Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', descriptor)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  vi.resetModules()
+  execFileMock.mockReset()
+  execFileSyncMock.mockReset()
+  resetProcessTableSnapshotForTests()
+  resetWindowsProcessRowsSnapshotForTests()
+  __setWindowsProcessTreeLoaderForTests()
+})
+
+describe('isProcessAlive', () => {
+  it('reports the test runner process as alive', () => {
+    expect(isProcessAlive(process.pid)).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  it('reports a process as dead ONLY on ESRCH', () => {
+    // Why: attach() reaps a lingering managed PTY based on this, so a false
+    // positive would kill a live remote shell. Only "no such process" counts.
+    const spy = vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockImplementation(() => {
+      const err = new Error('no such process') as NodeJS.ErrnoException
+      err.code = 'ESRCH'
+      throw err
+    })
+    try {
+      expect(isProcessAlive(2147483646)).toBe(false)
+    } finally {
+      spy.mockRestore()
+    }
+  })
+
+  it('treats an unsignalable process (EPERM) as alive', () => {
+    const spy = vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockImplementation(() => {
+      const err = new Error('operation not permitted') as NodeJS.ErrnoException
+      err.code = 'EPERM'
+      throw err
+    })
+    try {
+      expect(isProcessAlive(1)).toBe(true)
+    } finally {
+      spy.mockRestore()
+    }
+  })
+})
+
+describe('getForegroundProcessName', () => {
+  it('returns clear non-wrapper foregrounds without process-table enrichment', async () => {
+    await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'vim')).resolves.toBe('vim')
+
+    expect(execFileMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('recognizes SSH relay node-wrapped agents from descendant command lines', async () => {
+    await withProcessPlatform('linux', async () => {
+      mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
+        if (args[0] === '-axo') {
+          return {
+            stdout: ['100 99 Ss   bash -l', '101 100 S+   node /home/dev/.local/bin/codex'].join(
+              '\n'
+            )
+          }
+        }
+        return new Error('unexpected command')
+      })
+
+      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'node')).resolves.toBe('codex')
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('recognizes Windows SSH relay shell-rooted agent descendants', async () => {
+    await withProcessPlatform('win32', async () => {
+      mockWindowsProcessTable([
+        { pid: 100, ppid: 99, name: 'powershell.exe', commandLine: 'powershell.exe' },
+        {
+          pid: 101,
+          ppid: 100,
+          name: 'node.exe',
+          commandLine: 'node C:\\Users\\dev\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\codex.cmd'
+        }
+      ])
+
+      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'powershell.exe')).resolves.toBe('codex')
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('recognizes SSH relay wrapped agents when no foreground marker is available', async () => {
+    await withProcessPlatform('linux', async () => {
+      mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
+        if (args[0] === '-axo') {
+          return {
+            stdout: [
+              '100 99 Ss   bash -l',
+              '101 100 S    node /home/dev/.local/bin/node_modules/@google/gemini-cli/bundle/gemini.mjs'
+            ].join('\n')
+          }
+        }
+        return new Error('unexpected command')
+      })
+
+      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'node')).resolves.toBe('gemini')
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('does not guess when SSH relay wrapper descendants are ambiguous', async () => {
+    await withProcessPlatform('linux', async () => {
+      mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
+        if (args[0] === '-axo') {
+          return {
+            stdout: [
+              '100 99 Ss   bash -l',
+              '101 100 S    node /home/dev/project/server.js',
+              '102 100 S    node /home/dev/.local/bin/node_modules/@openai/codex/bin/codex.js'
+            ].join('\n')
+          }
+        }
+        return new Error('unexpected command')
+      })
+
+      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'node')).resolves.toBe('node')
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('does not report a stopped SSH relay agent when another process has foreground', async () => {
+    await withProcessPlatform('linux', async () => {
+      mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
+        if (args[0] === '-axo') {
+          return {
+            stdout: [
+              '100 99 Ss   bash -l',
+              '101 100 T    node /home/dev/.local/bin/codex',
+              '102 100 S+   vim notes.txt'
+            ].join('\n')
+          }
+        }
+        return new Error('unexpected command')
+      })
+
+      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'node')).resolves.toBe('node')
+    })
+  })
+
+  // Why: OMP embeds Pi, but the outer process is the user-visible identity (#6364).
+  it('reports the outer omp wrapper over the wrapped pi child from a shell fallback', async () => {
+    await withProcessPlatform('linux', async () => {
+      mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
+        if (args[0] === '-axo') {
+          return {
+            stdout: ['100 99 Ss   bash -l', '101 100 S+   omp', '102 101 S+   pi'].join('\n')
+          }
+        }
+        return new Error('unexpected command')
+      })
+
+      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'bash')).resolves.toBe('omp')
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('rescans for the omp wrapper when node-pty reports the wrapped pi as foreground', async () => {
+    await withProcessPlatform('linux', async () => {
+      mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
+        if (args[0] === '-axo') {
+          return {
+            stdout: ['100 99 Ss   bash -l', '101 100 S+   omp', '102 101 S+   pi'].join('\n')
+          }
+        }
+        return new Error('unexpected command')
+      })
+
+      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'pi')).resolves.toBe('omp')
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('returns an outer omp fallback without a process-table scan', async () => {
+    mockExecFile(() => new Error('unexpected process-table scan'))
+
+    await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'omp')).resolves.toBe('omp')
+    expect(execFileMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('rescans a Windows pi fallback for its outer omp wrapper', async () => {
+    await withProcessPlatform('win32', async () => {
+      mockWindowsProcessTable([
+        { pid: 100, ppid: 99, name: 'powershell.exe', commandLine: 'powershell.exe' },
+        { pid: 101, ppid: 100, name: 'omp.exe', commandLine: 'omp.exe' },
+        { pid: 102, ppid: 101, name: 'pi.exe', commandLine: 'pi.exe' }
+      ])
+
+      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'pi')).resolves.toBe('omp')
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('keeps a pi fallback as pi when no omp wrapper is in the tree', async () => {
+    await withProcessPlatform('linux', async () => {
+      mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
+        if (args[0] === '-axo') {
+          return { stdout: ['100 99 Ss   bash -l', '101 100 S+   pi'].join('\n') }
+        }
+        return new Error('unexpected command')
+      })
+
+      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'pi')).resolves.toBe('pi')
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('falls back to the root process command when descendant inspection fails', async () => {
+    mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
+      if (args[0] === '-axo') {
+        return new Error('ps table unavailable')
+      }
+      return { stdout: 'bash\n' }
+    })
+
+    await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100)).resolves.toBe('bash')
+  })
+})
+
+function subprocessExitError(
+  message: string,
+  overrides: { code?: number | string; killed?: boolean; signal?: string | null } = {}
+): Error {
+  const error = new Error(message) as Error & {
+    code?: number | string
+    killed?: boolean
+    signal?: string | null
+  }
+  error.code = overrides.code
+  error.killed = overrides.killed ?? false
+  error.signal = overrides.signal ?? null
+  return error
+}
+
+describe('probeProcessChildren', () => {
+  it('reports live children from pgrep output', async () => {
+    mockExecFile(() => ({ stdout: '4242\n' }))
+
+    await expect(probeProcessChildren(100)).resolves.toEqual({ verdict: 'live' })
+  })
+
+  it('treats pgrep exit 1 as positive absence', async () => {
+    // pgrep exits 1 with no output when it ran and matched nothing.
+    mockExecFile(() => subprocessExitError('no match', { code: 1 }))
+
+    await expect(probeProcessChildren(100)).resolves.toEqual({ verdict: 'exited' })
+  })
+
+  it('keeps a missing pgrep binary unverifiable, never exited', async () => {
+    mockExecFile(() => subprocessExitError('spawn pgrep ENOENT', { code: 'ENOENT' }))
+
+    await expect(probeProcessChildren(100)).resolves.toMatchObject({ verdict: 'unverifiable' })
+  })
+
+  it('keeps a timed-out pgrep unverifiable, never exited', async () => {
+    mockExecFile(() => subprocessExitError('killed', { killed: true, signal: 'SIGTERM' }))
+
+    await expect(probeProcessChildren(100)).resolves.toMatchObject({ verdict: 'unverifiable' })
+  })
+
+  it('keeps a pgrep fatal error (exit 3) unverifiable', async () => {
+    mockExecFile(() => subprocessExitError('fatal', { code: 3 }))
+
+    await expect(probeProcessChildren(100)).resolves.toMatchObject({ verdict: 'unverifiable' })
+  })
+
+  it('answers live from the Windows process table', async () => {
+    await withProcessPlatform('win32', async () => {
+      mockWindowsProcessTable([
+        { pid: 100, ppid: 99, name: 'powershell.exe' },
+        { pid: 101, ppid: 100, name: 'codex.exe' }
+      ])
+
+      await expect(probeProcessChildren(100)).resolves.toEqual({ verdict: 'live' })
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('answers exited when the Windows table observes a childless root', async () => {
+    await withProcessPlatform('win32', async () => {
+      mockWindowsProcessTable([{ pid: 100, ppid: 99, name: 'powershell.exe' }])
+
+      await expect(probeProcessChildren(100)).resolves.toEqual({ verdict: 'exited' })
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('keeps a Windows table that misses the PTY root unverifiable', async () => {
+    await withProcessPlatform('win32', async () => {
+      mockWindowsProcessTable([])
+
+      await expect(probeProcessChildren(100)).resolves.toMatchObject({ verdict: 'unverifiable' })
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('collapses every probe failure to false for the legacy boolean', async () => {
+    mockExecFile(() => subprocessExitError('spawn pgrep ENOENT', { code: 'ENOENT' }))
+
+    await expect(processHasChildren(100)).resolves.toBe(false)
+  })
+})
+
+describe('observeForegroundProcess', () => {
+  it('reports a successful ps read as observed', async () => {
+    mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
+      if (args[0] === '-axo') {
+        return { stdout: '' }
+      }
+      return { stdout: 'vim\n' }
+    })
+
+    await expect(observeForegroundProcess(100)).resolves.toEqual({
+      verdict: 'observed',
+      processName: 'vim'
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('reports ps exit 1 as an observed absence of the process', async () => {
+    mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
+      if (args[0] === '-axo') {
+        return new Error('ps table unavailable')
+      }
+      return subprocessExitError('no such pid', { code: 1 })
+    })
+
+    await expect(observeForegroundProcess(100)).resolves.toEqual({
+      verdict: 'observed',
+      processName: null
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('keeps a timed-out ps read unverifiable', async () => {
+    mockExecFile(() => subprocessExitError('killed', { killed: true, signal: 'SIGTERM' }))
+
+    await expect(observeForegroundProcess(100)).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      verdict: 'unverifiable'
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('keeps the node-pty fallback observed when descendant enrichment fails', async () => {
+    mockExecFile(() => subprocessExitError('killed', { killed: true, signal: 'SIGTERM' }))
+
+    await expect(observeForegroundProcess(100, 'node')).resolves.toEqual({
+      verdict: 'observed',
+      processName: 'node'
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('collapses an unverifiable observation to null for the legacy reader', async () => {
+    mockExecFile(() => subprocessExitError('killed', { killed: true, signal: 'SIGTERM' }))
+
+    await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100)).resolves.toBeNull()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/relay/pty-process-probes.ts b/src/relay/pty-process-probes.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5d15ea3cd24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/relay/pty-process-probes.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+import { execFile as execFileCb } from 'node:child_process'
+import { promisify } from 'node:util'
+import {
+  isAgentForegroundWrapperProcess,
+  isExpectedAgentProcess,
+  recognizeAgentProcess,
+  recognizeAgentProcessFromCommandLine
+} from '../shared/agent-process-recognition'
+import { getFirstCommandToken } from '../shared/command-token-scanner'
+import { getProcessTableSnapshot, type ProcessTableRow } from '../shared/process-table-snapshot'
+import {
+  resolveOuterWrapperForegroundProcess,
+  shouldInspectOuterWrapperForegroundProcess
+} from '../shared/foreground-wrapper-agent'
+import { isShellProcess } from '../shared/shell-process-detection'
+import type {
+  PtyChildProcessesEvidence,
+  PtyForegroundProcessEvidence
+} from '../shared/pty-process-inspection-evidence'
+import {
+  resolveWindowsAgentForegroundProcess,
+  shouldInspectWindowsAgentForeground
+} from '../main/providers/windows-agent-foreground-process'
+import { queryWindowsPaneProcessInventory } from '../main/providers/windows-foreground-process-rows'
+
+const execFile = promisify(execFileCb)
+
+/**
+ * Check whether a process has child processes (via pgrep).
+ *
+ * Legacy collapse kept for the standalone `pty.hasChildProcesses` RPC: every
+ * probe failure reads as `false`. Completion-sensitive callers must use
+ * `probeProcessChildren`, whose verdict keeps "could not ask" distinct.
+ */
+export async function processHasChildren(pid: number): Promise<boolean> {
+  try {
+    const { stdout } = await execFile('pgrep', ['-P', String(pid)], {
+      encoding: 'utf-8',
+      timeout: 3000
+    })
+    return stdout.trim().length > 0
+  } catch {
+    return false
+  }
+}
+
+// Why not NodeJS.ErrnoException: execFile stamps the numeric exit status into
+// `code`, which the lib types declare as string-only.
+type SubprocessProbeError = {
+  code?: number | string
+  killed?: boolean
+  signal?: NodeJS.Signals | null
+  message?: string
+}
+
+// Exit code 1 without a kill signal: pgrep/ps RAN and matched nothing — that
+// is positive absence, not a failed probe.
+function subprocessRanAndMatchedNothing(error: unknown): boolean {
+  const failure = error as SubprocessProbeError
+  return failure?.code === 1 && failure.killed !== true && !failure.signal
+}
+
+function describeProcessProbeFailure(command: string, error: unknown): string {
+  const failure = error as SubprocessProbeError
+  if (failure?.killed === true || failure?.signal) {
+    return `${command} did not answer before its deadline`
+  }
+  return `${command} could not run: ${failure?.code ?? failure?.message ?? 'unknown failure'}`
+}
+
+/**
+ * Probe whether the PTY's root process has live children, keeping the
+ * live / unverifiable / exited contract: a probe that could not run (pgrep
+ * missing, fork pressure, timeout) is `unverifiable`, never `exited`.
+ */
+export async function probeProcessChildren(pid: number): Promise<PtyChildProcessesEvidence> {
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+    // pgrep does not exist on Windows hosts; ask the native process table the
+    // relay already reads for foreground resolution (TTL-cached snapshot).
+    const inventory = await queryWindowsPaneProcessInventory(pid)
+    if (!inventory) {
+      return {
+        verdict: 'unverifiable',
+        reason: 'the Windows process table could not observe the PTY root'
+      }
+    }
+    return inventory.candidates.length > 0 ? { verdict: 'live' } : { verdict: 'exited' }
+  }
+  try {
+    const { stdout } = await execFile('pgrep', ['-P', String(pid)], {
+      encoding: 'utf-8',
+      timeout: 3000
+    })
+    return stdout.trim().length > 0 ? { verdict: 'live' } : { verdict: 'exited' }
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (subprocessRanAndMatchedNothing(error)) {
+      return { verdict: 'exited' }
+    }
+    return { verdict: 'unverifiable', reason: describeProcessProbeFailure('pgrep', error) }
+  }
+}
+
+// Why: signal 0 probes existence without delivering a signal. Only ESRCH ("no
+// such process") proves the pid is gone; EPERM means it exists but is
+// unsignalable, so treat every non-ESRCH outcome as alive. Kept conservative so
+// a liveness check can only ever declare a *provably* dead process dead.
+export function isProcessAlive(pid: number): boolean {
+  try {
+    process.kill(pid, 0)
+    return true
+  } catch (err) {
+    return (err as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code !== 'ESRCH'
+  }
+}
+
+function collectDescendants(
+  rows: ProcessTableRow[],
+  rootPid: number
+): (ProcessTableRow & { depth: number })[] {
+  const childrenByParent = new Map<number, ProcessTableRow[]>()
+  for (const row of rows) {
+    const children = childrenByParent.get(row.ppid) ?? []
+    children.push(row)
+    childrenByParent.set(row.ppid, children)
+  }
+
+  const descendants: (ProcessTableRow & { depth: number })[] = []
+  const stack = (childrenByParent.get(rootPid) ?? []).map((row) => ({ row, depth: 1 }))
+  while (stack.length > 0) {
+    const { row, depth } = stack.pop()!
+    descendants.push({ ...row, depth })
+    for (const child of childrenByParent.get(row.pid) ?? []) {
+      stack.push({ row: child, depth: depth + 1 })
+    }
+  }
+  return descendants
+}
+
+function candidateScore(row: ProcessTableRow & { depth: number }): number {
+  return (row.stat.includes('+') ? 10_000 : 0) + row.depth
+}
+
+function processCommandToken(command: string): string {
+  return getFirstCommandToken(command)
+}
+
+function candidateMatchesFallbackWrapper(
+  candidate: ProcessTableRow,
+  fallbackProcess: string
+): boolean {
+  return isExpectedAgentProcess(processCommandToken(candidate.command), fallbackProcess)
+}
+
+async function getRecognizedForegroundDescendant(
+  pid: number,
+  fallbackProcess?: string | null
+): Promise<string | null> {
+  try {
+    const rows = await getProcessTableSnapshot()
+    const root = rows.find((row) => row.pid === pid)
+    const candidates = collectDescendants(rows, pid).sort(
+      (a, b) => candidateScore(b) - candidateScore(a)
+    )
+    // Why: SSH relays do not have the daemon's async wrapper cache. Inspect the
+    // remote process tree so node/python agent entrypoints become real agents.
+    const foregroundIsKnown =
+      root?.stat.includes('+') === true ||
+      candidates.some((candidate) => candidate.stat.includes('+'))
+    const foregroundCandidates = foregroundIsKnown
+      ? candidates.filter((candidate) => candidate.stat.includes('+'))
+      : candidates
+    const inspectionCandidates =
+      fallbackProcess && isAgentForegroundWrapperProcess(fallbackProcess)
+        ? foregroundCandidates.filter((candidate) =>
+            candidateMatchesFallbackWrapper(candidate, fallbackProcess)
+          )
+        : foregroundCandidates
+    if (
+      fallbackProcess &&
+      isAgentForegroundWrapperProcess(fallbackProcess) &&
+      inspectionCandidates.length !== 1
+    ) {
+      return null
+    }
+    for (const candidate of inspectionCandidates) {
+      const recognized = recognizeAgentProcessFromCommandLine(candidate.command)
+      if (recognized) {
+        // Why: return the outer wrapper (omp) rather than the deeper wrapped child
+        // (pi) of a shell→omp→pi tree — see resolveOuterWrapperForegroundProcess.
+        return resolveOuterWrapperForegroundProcess(recognized, candidate, candidates)
+      }
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // Fall through to node-pty's process name or the root command name.
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the foreground process name of a given pid (via ps).
+ *
+ * Legacy collapse kept for the standalone `pty.getForegroundProcess` RPC and
+ * pane titles: an unverifiable observation reads as `null`. Completion-
+ * sensitive callers must use `observeForegroundProcess`.
+ */
+export async function getForegroundProcessName(
+  pid: number,
+  fallbackProcess?: string | null
+): Promise<string | null> {
+  const evidence = await observeForegroundProcess(pid, fallbackProcess)
+  return evidence.verdict === 'observed' ? evidence.processName : null
+}
+
+function observedForeground(processName: string | null): PtyForegroundProcessEvidence {
+  return { verdict: 'observed', processName }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Observe the foreground process, keeping "could not ask" distinct from
+ * "observed nothing". Fallback names come from node-pty's own record of the
+ * terminal's foreground process — a genuine observation even when descendant
+ * enrichment fails. Only the last-resort `ps` read can be unverifiable: exit 1
+ * proves the pid is gone (`observed` + null), while a probe that could not run
+ * proves nothing.
+ */
+export async function observeForegroundProcess(
+  pid: number,
+  fallbackProcess?: string | null
+): Promise<PtyForegroundProcessEvidence> {
+  if (fallbackProcess) {
+    const fallbackRecognition = recognizeAgentProcess(fallbackProcess)
+    if (fallbackRecognition) {
+      // Why: node-pty can report OMP's wrapped Pi; enrich only that ambiguous
+      // fallback so authoritative OMP reads keep the zero-subprocess fast path.
+      if (shouldInspectOuterWrapperForegroundProcess(fallbackRecognition)) {
+        if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+          return observedForeground(
+            (await resolveWindowsAgentForegroundProcess(pid, fallbackProcess, {})) ??
+              fallbackRecognition.processName
+          )
+        }
+        return observedForeground(
+          (await getRecognizedForegroundDescendant(pid, fallbackProcess)) ??
+            fallbackRecognition.processName
+        )
+      }
+      return observedForeground(fallbackRecognition.processName)
+    }
+    if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+      if (!shouldInspectWindowsAgentForeground(fallbackProcess)) {
+        return observedForeground(fallbackProcess)
+      }
+      return observedForeground(
+        (await resolveWindowsAgentForegroundProcess(pid, fallbackProcess, {})) ?? fallbackProcess
+      )
+    }
+    if (!isShellProcess(fallbackProcess) && !isAgentForegroundWrapperProcess(fallbackProcess)) {
+      return observedForeground(fallbackProcess)
+    }
+  }
+  const recognized = await getRecognizedForegroundDescendant(pid, fallbackProcess)
+  if (recognized) {
+    return observedForeground(recognized)
+  }
+  if (fallbackProcess) {
+    return observedForeground(fallbackProcess)
+  }
+  try {
+    const { stdout } = await execFile('ps', ['-o', 'comm=', '-p', String(pid)], {
+      encoding: 'utf-8',
+      timeout: 3000
+    })
+    return observedForeground(stdout.trim() || null)
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (subprocessRanAndMatchedNothing(error)) {
+      return observedForeground(null)
+    }
+    return { verdict: 'unverifiable', reason: describeProcessProbeFailure('ps', error) }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/relay/pty-shell-utils.test.ts b/src/relay/pty-shell-utils.test.ts
index ac913e689f0..340054690bc 100644
--- a/src/relay/pty-shell-utils.test.ts
+++ b/src/relay/pty-shell-utils.test.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
 
-const { execFileMock, execFileSyncMock, getAllProcessesMock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+const { execFileMock, execFileSyncMock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   execFileMock: vi.fn(),
-  getAllProcessesMock: vi.fn(),
   execFileSyncMock: vi.fn()
 }))
 
@@ -14,58 +13,7 @@ vi.mock('child_process', () => ({
 import { resetWindowsProcessRowsSnapshotForTests } from '../main/providers/windows-foreground-process-rows'
 import { __setWindowsProcessTreeLoaderForTests } from '../main/windows/windows-process-table'
 import { resetProcessTableSnapshotForTests } from '../shared/process-table-snapshot'
-import {
-  getForegroundProcessName,
-  isProcessAlive,
-  resolveDefaultCwd,
-  resolveWindowsDefaultShell
-} from './pty-shell-utils'
-
-function mockExecFile(
-  implementation: (command: string, args: string[]) => { stdout: string; stderr?: string } | Error
-): void {
-  execFileMock.mockImplementation(
-    (command: string, args: string[], _opts: unknown, cb: unknown) => {
-      const callback = cb as (err: unknown, result: { stdout: string; stderr: string }) => void
-      const result = implementation(command, args)
-      if (result instanceof Error) {
-        callback(result, { stdout: '', stderr: '' })
-        return
-      }
-      callback(null, { stdout: result.stdout, stderr: result.stderr ?? '' })
-    }
-  )
-}
-
-/**
- * Feed the native Windows snapshot. A real snapshot always contains the
- * querying process, and the reader rejects a table without it.
- */
-function mockWindowsProcessTable(
-  rows: { pid: number; ppid: number; name: string; commandLine?: string }[]
-): void {
-  __setWindowsProcessTreeLoaderForTests(() => ({
-    ProcessDataFlag: { None: 0, Memory: 1, CommandLine: 2 },
-    getAllProcesses: (cb: (value: typeof rows | undefined) => void) =>
-      cb([{ pid: process.pid, ppid: 0, name: 'vitest.exe', commandLine: 'vitest' }, ...rows])
-  }))
-  getAllProcessesMock.mockClear()
-}
-
-async function withProcessPlatform<T>(
-  platform: NodeJS.Platform,
-  run: () => T | Promise<T>
-): Promise<T> {
-  const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(process, 'platform')
-  Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', { configurable: true, value: platform })
-  try {
-    return await run()
-  } finally {
-    if (descriptor) {
-      Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', descriptor)
-    }
-  }
-}
+import { resolveDefaultCwd, resolveWindowsDefaultShell } from './pty-shell-utils'
 
 beforeEach(() => {
   vi.resetModules()
@@ -76,40 +24,6 @@ beforeEach(() => {
   __setWindowsProcessTreeLoaderForTests()
 })
 
-describe('isProcessAlive', () => {
-  it('reports the test runner process as alive', () => {
-    expect(isProcessAlive(process.pid)).toBe(true)
-  })
-
-  it('reports a process as dead ONLY on ESRCH', () => {
-    // Why: attach() reaps a lingering managed PTY based on this, so a false
-    // positive would kill a live remote shell. Only "no such process" counts.
-    const spy = vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockImplementation(() => {
-      const err = new Error('no such process') as NodeJS.ErrnoException
-      err.code = 'ESRCH'
-      throw err
-    })
-    try {
-      expect(isProcessAlive(2147483646)).toBe(false)
-    } finally {
-      spy.mockRestore()
-    }
-  })
-
-  it('treats an unsignalable process (EPERM) as alive', () => {
-    const spy = vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockImplementation(() => {
-      const err = new Error('operation not permitted') as NodeJS.ErrnoException
-      err.code = 'EPERM'
-      throw err
-    })
-    try {
-      expect(isProcessAlive(1)).toBe(true)
-    } finally {
-      spy.mockRestore()
-    }
-  })
-})
-
 describe('resolveWindowsDefaultShell', () => {
   it('uses an existing SHELL override when one is provided', () => {
     expect(
@@ -297,174 +211,3 @@ describe('resolveDefaultCwd', () => {
     expect(resolveDefaultCwd({ HOME: '/home/alice' }, 'linux', '/fallback')).toBe('/home/alice')
   })
 })
-
-describe('getForegroundProcessName', () => {
-  it('returns clear non-wrapper foregrounds without process-table enrichment', async () => {
-    await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'vim')).resolves.toBe('vim')
-
-    expect(execFileMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
-  })
-
-  it('recognizes SSH relay node-wrapped agents from descendant command lines', async () => {
-    await withProcessPlatform('linux', async () => {
-      mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
-        if (args[0] === '-axo') {
-          return {
-            stdout: ['100 99 Ss   bash -l', '101 100 S+   node /home/dev/.local/bin/codex'].join(
-              '\n'
-            )
-          }
-        }
-        return new Error('unexpected command')
-      })
-
-      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'node')).resolves.toBe('codex')
-    })
-  })
-
-  it('recognizes Windows SSH relay shell-rooted agent descendants', async () => {
-    await withProcessPlatform('win32', async () => {
-      mockWindowsProcessTable([
-        { pid: 100, ppid: 99, name: 'powershell.exe', commandLine: 'powershell.exe' },
-        {
-          pid: 101,
-          ppid: 100,
-          name: 'node.exe',
-          commandLine: 'node C:\\Users\\dev\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\codex.cmd'
-        }
-      ])
-
-      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'powershell.exe')).resolves.toBe('codex')
-    })
-  })
-
-  it('recognizes SSH relay wrapped agents when no foreground marker is available', async () => {
-    await withProcessPlatform('linux', async () => {
-      mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
-        if (args[0] === '-axo') {
-          return {
-            stdout: [
-              '100 99 Ss   bash -l',
-              '101 100 S    node /home/dev/.local/bin/node_modules/@google/gemini-cli/bundle/gemini.mjs'
-            ].join('\n')
-          }
-        }
-        return new Error('unexpected command')
-      })
-
-      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'node')).resolves.toBe('gemini')
-    })
-  })
-
-  it('does not guess when SSH relay wrapper descendants are ambiguous', async () => {
-    await withProcessPlatform('linux', async () => {
-      mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
-        if (args[0] === '-axo') {
-          return {
-            stdout: [
-              '100 99 Ss   bash -l',
-              '101 100 S    node /home/dev/project/server.js',
-              '102 100 S    node /home/dev/.local/bin/node_modules/@openai/codex/bin/codex.js'
-            ].join('\n')
-          }
-        }
-        return new Error('unexpected command')
-      })
-
-      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'node')).resolves.toBe('node')
-    })
-  })
-
-  it('does not report a stopped SSH relay agent when another process has foreground', async () => {
-    await withProcessPlatform('linux', async () => {
-      mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
-        if (args[0] === '-axo') {
-          return {
-            stdout: [
-              '100 99 Ss   bash -l',
-              '101 100 T    node /home/dev/.local/bin/codex',
-              '102 100 S+   vim notes.txt'
-            ].join('\n')
-          }
-        }
-        return new Error('unexpected command')
-      })
-
-      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'node')).resolves.toBe('node')
-    })
-  })
-
-  // Why: OMP embeds Pi, but the outer process is the user-visible identity (#6364).
-  it('reports the outer omp wrapper over the wrapped pi child from a shell fallback', async () => {
-    await withProcessPlatform('linux', async () => {
-      mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
-        if (args[0] === '-axo') {
-          return {
-            stdout: ['100 99 Ss   bash -l', '101 100 S+   omp', '102 101 S+   pi'].join('\n')
-          }
-        }
-        return new Error('unexpected command')
-      })
-
-      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'bash')).resolves.toBe('omp')
-    })
-  })
-
-  it('rescans for the omp wrapper when node-pty reports the wrapped pi as foreground', async () => {
-    await withProcessPlatform('linux', async () => {
-      mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
-        if (args[0] === '-axo') {
-          return {
-            stdout: ['100 99 Ss   bash -l', '101 100 S+   omp', '102 101 S+   pi'].join('\n')
-          }
-        }
-        return new Error('unexpected command')
-      })
-
-      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'pi')).resolves.toBe('omp')
-    })
-  })
-
-  it('returns an outer omp fallback without a process-table scan', async () => {
-    mockExecFile(() => new Error('unexpected process-table scan'))
-
-    await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'omp')).resolves.toBe('omp')
-    expect(execFileMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
-  })
-
-  it('rescans a Windows pi fallback for its outer omp wrapper', async () => {
-    await withProcessPlatform('win32', async () => {
-      mockWindowsProcessTable([
-        { pid: 100, ppid: 99, name: 'powershell.exe', commandLine: 'powershell.exe' },
-        { pid: 101, ppid: 100, name: 'omp.exe', commandLine: 'omp.exe' },
-        { pid: 102, ppid: 101, name: 'pi.exe', commandLine: 'pi.exe' }
-      ])
-
-      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'pi')).resolves.toBe('omp')
-    })
-  })
-
-  it('keeps a pi fallback as pi when no omp wrapper is in the tree', async () => {
-    await withProcessPlatform('linux', async () => {
-      mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
-        if (args[0] === '-axo') {
-          return { stdout: ['100 99 Ss   bash -l', '101 100 S+   pi'].join('\n') }
-        }
-        return new Error('unexpected command')
-      })
-
-      await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100, 'pi')).resolves.toBe('pi')
-    })
-  })
-
-  it('falls back to the root process command when descendant inspection fails', async () => {
-    mockExecFile((_command, args) => {
-      if (args[0] === '-axo') {
-        return new Error('ps table unavailable')
-      }
-      return { stdout: 'bash\n' }
-    })
-
-    await expect(getForegroundProcessName(100)).resolves.toBe('bash')
-  })
-})
diff --git a/src/relay/pty-shell-utils.ts b/src/relay/pty-shell-utils.ts
index 9860917c588..9e063780b29 100644
--- a/src/relay/pty-shell-utils.ts
+++ b/src/relay/pty-shell-utils.ts
@@ -3,24 +3,6 @@ import { existsSync, readFileSync } from 'node:fs'
 import { homedir } from 'node:os'
 import { win32 as pathWin32 } from 'node:path'
 import { promisify } from 'node:util'
-import {
-  isAgentForegroundWrapperProcess,
-  isExpectedAgentProcess,
-  recognizeAgentProcess,
-  recognizeAgentProcessFromCommandLine
-} from '../shared/agent-process-recognition'
-import { getFirstCommandToken } from '../shared/command-token-scanner'
-import { getProcessTableSnapshot, type ProcessTableRow } from '../shared/process-table-snapshot'
-import {
-  resolveOuterWrapperForegroundProcess,
-  shouldInspectOuterWrapperForegroundProcess
-} from '../shared/foreground-wrapper-agent'
-import { isShellProcess } from '../shared/shell-process-detection'
-import {
-  resolveWindowsAgentForegroundProcess,
-  shouldInspectWindowsAgentForeground
-} from '../main/providers/windows-agent-foreground-process'
-
 const execFile = promisify(execFileCb)
 
 const OPENSSH_REGISTRY_KEY = 'HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\OpenSSH'
@@ -165,173 +147,6 @@ export async function resolveProcessCwd(pid: number, fallbackCwd: string): Promi
   return fallbackCwd
 }
 
-/**
- * Check whether a process has child processes (via pgrep).
- */
-export async function processHasChildren(pid: number): Promise<boolean> {
-  try {
-    const { stdout } = await execFile('pgrep', ['-P', String(pid)], {
-      encoding: 'utf-8',
-      timeout: 3000
-    })
-    return stdout.trim().length > 0
-  } catch {
-    return false
-  }
-}
-
-// Why: signal 0 probes existence without delivering a signal. Only ESRCH ("no
-// such process") proves the pid is gone; EPERM means it exists but is
-// unsignalable, so treat every non-ESRCH outcome as alive. Kept conservative so
-// a liveness check can only ever declare a *provably* dead process dead.
-export function isProcessAlive(pid: number): boolean {
-  try {
-    process.kill(pid, 0)
-    return true
-  } catch (err) {
-    return (err as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code !== 'ESRCH'
-  }
-}
-
-function collectDescendants(
-  rows: ProcessTableRow[],
-  rootPid: number
-): (ProcessTableRow & { depth: number })[] {
-  const childrenByParent = new Map<number, ProcessTableRow[]>()
-  for (const row of rows) {
-    const children = childrenByParent.get(row.ppid) ?? []
-    children.push(row)
-    childrenByParent.set(row.ppid, children)
-  }
-
-  const descendants: (ProcessTableRow & { depth: number })[] = []
-  const stack = (childrenByParent.get(rootPid) ?? []).map((row) => ({ row, depth: 1 }))
-  while (stack.length > 0) {
-    const { row, depth } = stack.pop()!
-    descendants.push({ ...row, depth })
-    for (const child of childrenByParent.get(row.pid) ?? []) {
-      stack.push({ row: child, depth: depth + 1 })
-    }
-  }
-  return descendants
-}
-
-function candidateScore(row: ProcessTableRow & { depth: number }): number {
-  return (row.stat.includes('+') ? 10_000 : 0) + row.depth
-}
-
-function processCommandToken(command: string): string {
-  return getFirstCommandToken(command)
-}
-
-function candidateMatchesFallbackWrapper(
-  candidate: ProcessTableRow,
-  fallbackProcess: string
-): boolean {
-  return isExpectedAgentProcess(processCommandToken(candidate.command), fallbackProcess)
-}
-
-async function getRecognizedForegroundDescendant(
-  pid: number,
-  fallbackProcess?: string | null
-): Promise<string | null> {
-  try {
-    const rows = await getProcessTableSnapshot()
-    const root = rows.find((row) => row.pid === pid)
-    const candidates = collectDescendants(rows, pid).sort(
-      (a, b) => candidateScore(b) - candidateScore(a)
-    )
-    // Why: SSH relays do not have the daemon's async wrapper cache. Inspect the
-    // remote process tree so node/python agent entrypoints become real agents.
-    const foregroundIsKnown =
-      root?.stat.includes('+') === true ||
-      candidates.some((candidate) => candidate.stat.includes('+'))
-    const foregroundCandidates = foregroundIsKnown
-      ? candidates.filter((candidate) => candidate.stat.includes('+'))
-      : candidates
-    const inspectionCandidates =
-      fallbackProcess && isAgentForegroundWrapperProcess(fallbackProcess)
-        ? foregroundCandidates.filter((candidate) =>
-            candidateMatchesFallbackWrapper(candidate, fallbackProcess)
-          )
-        : foregroundCandidates
-    if (
-      fallbackProcess &&
-      isAgentForegroundWrapperProcess(fallbackProcess) &&
-      inspectionCandidates.length !== 1
-    ) {
-      return null
-    }
-    for (const candidate of inspectionCandidates) {
-      const recognized = recognizeAgentProcessFromCommandLine(candidate.command)
-      if (recognized) {
-        // Why: return the outer wrapper (omp) rather than the deeper wrapped child
-        // (pi) of a shell→omp→pi tree — see resolveOuterWrapperForegroundProcess.
-        return resolveOuterWrapperForegroundProcess(recognized, candidate, candidates)
-      }
-    }
-  } catch {
-    // Fall through to node-pty's process name or the root command name.
-  }
-  return null
-}
-
-/**
- * Get the foreground process name of a given pid (via ps).
- */
-export async function getForegroundProcessName(
-  pid: number,
-  fallbackProcess?: string | null
-): Promise<string | null> {
-  if (fallbackProcess) {
-    const fallbackRecognition = recognizeAgentProcess(fallbackProcess)
-    if (fallbackRecognition) {
-      // Why: node-pty can report OMP's wrapped Pi; enrich only that ambiguous
-      // fallback so authoritative OMP reads keep the zero-subprocess fast path.
-      if (shouldInspectOuterWrapperForegroundProcess(fallbackRecognition)) {
-        if (process.platform === 'win32') {
-          return (
-            (await resolveWindowsAgentForegroundProcess(pid, fallbackProcess, {})) ??
-            fallbackRecognition.processName
-          )
-        }
-        return (
-          (await getRecognizedForegroundDescendant(pid, fallbackProcess)) ??
-          fallbackRecognition.processName
-        )
-      }
-      return fallbackRecognition.processName
-    }
-    if (process.platform === 'win32') {
-      if (!shouldInspectWindowsAgentForeground(fallbackProcess)) {
-        return fallbackProcess
-      }
-      return (
-        (await resolveWindowsAgentForegroundProcess(pid, fallbackProcess, {})) ?? fallbackProcess
-      )
-    }
-    if (!isShellProcess(fallbackProcess) && !isAgentForegroundWrapperProcess(fallbackProcess)) {
-      return fallbackProcess
-    }
-  }
-  const recognized = await getRecognizedForegroundDescendant(pid, fallbackProcess)
-  if (recognized) {
-    return recognized
-  }
-  if (fallbackProcess) {
-    return fallbackProcess
-  }
-  try {
-    const { stdout } = await execFile('ps', ['-o', 'comm=', '-p', String(pid)], {
-      encoding: 'utf-8',
-      timeout: 3000
-    })
-    return stdout.trim() || null
-  } catch {
-    return null
-  }
-}
-
 /**
  * List available shell profiles from /etc/shells (or known fallbacks).
  */
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/agent-completion-process-monitor.ts b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/agent-completion-process-monitor.ts
index 39ca68e1ad4..a97a440321c 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/agent-completion-process-monitor.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/agent-completion-process-monitor.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
 import type { RecognizedAgentProcess } from '../../../../shared/agent-process-recognition'
 import { recognizeAgentProcess } from '../../../../shared/agent-process-recognition'
 import type { RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection } from '@/runtime/runtime-terminal-inspection'
+import { readPtyProcessInspectionEvidence } from '../../../../shared/pty-process-inspection-evidence'
 import {
   NO_EVIDENCE_ACTIVITY_HOT_WINDOW_MS,
   POLL_TIER_INTERVAL_MS,
@@ -74,18 +75,33 @@ export function createAgentCompletionProcessMonitor({
       scheduleNextPoll()
       return false
     }
-    state.consecutiveInspectionErrors = 0
-    const recognized = recognizeAgentProcess(result.foregroundProcess)
-    if (recognized) {
-      handleRecognizedProcess(recognized)
-      return true
+    const evidence = readPtyProcessInspectionEvidence(result)
+    if (evidence.foreground.verdict === 'observed') {
+      const recognized = recognizeAgentProcess(evidence.foreground.processName)
+      if (recognized) {
+        state.consecutiveInspectionErrors = 0
+        handleRecognizedProcess(recognized)
+        return true
+      }
     }
+    if (
+      evidence.foreground.verdict === 'unverifiable' ||
+      evidence.children.verdict === 'unverifiable'
+    ) {
+      // The host could not ask; that is never exit evidence. Re-arm the
+      // two-sample confirmation like any other failed inspection.
+      state.pendingProcessExitAgent = null
+      state.consecutiveInspectionErrors += 1
+      scheduleNextPoll()
+      return false
+    }
+    state.consecutiveInspectionErrors = 0
     if (hasPendingHookDone() || hasPendingCodexAttention()) {
       scheduleNextPoll()
       return false
     }
     if (state.lastForegroundAgent && state.hasAgentRunEvidence) {
-      if (result.hasChildProcesses) {
+      if (evidence.children.verdict === 'live') {
         state.pendingProcessExitAgent = null
         scheduleNextPoll()
         return false
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/agent-completion-unverifiable-evidence.test.ts b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/agent-completion-unverifiable-evidence.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..220ba3dcfef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/agent-completion-unverifiable-evidence.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { createAgentCompletionCoordinator } from './agent-completion-coordinator'
+import {
+  processResult,
+  useAgentCompletionCoordinatorLifecycle
+} from './agent-completion-coordinator-test-harness'
+import type { RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection } from '@/runtime/runtime-terminal-inspection'
+
+function unverifiableChildren(foregroundProcess: string | null): RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection {
+  return {
+    foregroundProcess,
+    hasChildProcesses: false,
+    processEvidence: {
+      foreground: { verdict: 'observed', processName: foregroundProcess },
+      children: { verdict: 'unverifiable', reason: 'pgrep did not answer before its deadline' }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function unverifiableForeground(): RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection {
+  return {
+    foregroundProcess: null,
+    hasChildProcesses: false,
+    processEvidence: {
+      foreground: { verdict: 'unverifiable', reason: 'ps did not answer before its deadline' },
+      children: { verdict: 'exited' }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function confirmedExit(foregroundProcess: string | null): RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection {
+  return {
+    foregroundProcess,
+    hasChildProcesses: false,
+    processEvidence: {
+      foreground: { verdict: 'observed', processName: foregroundProcess },
+      children: { verdict: 'exited' }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+describe('agent completion with inspection evidence', () => {
+  useAgentCompletionCoordinatorLifecycle()
+
+  function startCoordinator(results: () => RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection) {
+    const dispatchCompletion = vi.fn()
+    const coordinator = createAgentCompletionCoordinator({
+      paneKey: 'tab-1:leaf-1',
+      getPtyId: () => 'pty-1',
+      getSettings: () => null,
+      inspectProcess: vi.fn(async () => results()),
+      dispatchCompletion,
+      isLive: () => true
+    })
+    coordinator.startProcessTracking()
+    return { coordinator, dispatchCompletion }
+  }
+
+  it('never turns unverifiable child evidence into a process-exit completion', async () => {
+    let result: RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection = processResult('codex')
+    const { dispatchCompletion } = startCoordinator(() => result)
+
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(2_000)
+
+    // The host stops being able to answer pgrep; codex may still be running.
+    result = unverifiableChildren('zsh')
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(60_000)
+
+    expect(dispatchCompletion).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('never turns unverifiable foreground evidence into a process-exit completion', async () => {
+    let result: RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection = processResult('codex')
+    const { dispatchCompletion } = startCoordinator(() => result)
+
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(2_000)
+
+    result = unverifiableForeground()
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(60_000)
+
+    expect(dispatchCompletion).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('keeps tracking a recognized agent whose child probe is unverifiable', async () => {
+    let result: RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection = {
+      foregroundProcess: 'codex',
+      hasChildProcesses: false,
+      processEvidence: {
+        foreground: { verdict: 'observed', processName: 'codex' },
+        children: { verdict: 'unverifiable', reason: 'pgrep could not run: ENOENT' }
+      }
+    }
+    const { dispatchCompletion } = startCoordinator(() => result)
+
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(4_000)
+    expect(dispatchCompletion).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+    // Once the probes answer and positively observe the exit, the completion
+    // still fires — recognition was not lost to the unverifiable child probe.
+    result = confirmedExit('zsh')
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(4_000)
+
+    expect(dispatchCompletion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(dispatchCompletion).toHaveBeenCalledWith('codex', {
+      source: 'process-exit',
+      quietedHookDone: false,
+      terminalIdleConfirmed: true
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('treats malformed evidence from a foreign host as unverifiable', async () => {
+    let result: RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection = processResult('codex')
+    const { dispatchCompletion } = startCoordinator(() => result)
+
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(2_000)
+
+    result = {
+      foregroundProcess: null,
+      hasChildProcesses: false,
+      processEvidence: {
+        foreground: { verdict: 'observed', processName: null },
+        children: { verdict: 'someday-new-verdict' } as never
+      }
+    }
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(60_000)
+
+    expect(dispatchCompletion).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('still completes from legacy fields when the host predates evidence', async () => {
+    // An old host publishes no processEvidence; its legacy answer remains the
+    // only available reading and completion detection must keep working.
+    let result: RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection = processResult('codex')
+    const { dispatchCompletion } = startCoordinator(() => result)
+
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(2_000)
+
+    result = processResult(null, false)
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(2_000)
+
+    expect(dispatchCompletion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(dispatchCompletion).toHaveBeenCalledWith('codex', {
+      source: 'process-exit',
+      quietedHookDone: false,
+      terminalIdleConfirmed: true
+    })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/runtime/runtime-terminal-inspection.ts b/src/renderer/src/runtime/runtime-terminal-inspection.ts
index 29be1aed435..de9a464f60c 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/runtime/runtime-terminal-inspection.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/runtime/runtime-terminal-inspection.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { GlobalSettings } from '../../../shared/global-settings-types'
+import type { PtyProcessInspectionEvidence } from '../../../shared/pty-process-inspection-evidence'
 import type { RuntimeTerminalSend } from '../../../shared/runtime-types'
 import { makePaneKey } from '../../../shared/stable-pane-id'
 import { isTerminalInputTooLargeWithDeferredMeasurement } from '../../../shared/terminal-input'
@@ -14,6 +15,9 @@ export type RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection = {
   hasChildProcesses: boolean
   // Why: callers must not treat a stale remote handle as authoritative idle evidence.
   unavailable?: true
+  // Why: relay hosts publish per-probe live/unverifiable/exited evidence so a
+  // failed host probe cannot be read as exit evidence; absent on older hosts.
+  processEvidence?: PtyProcessInspectionEvidence
 }
 
 const REMOTE_PTY_ID_PREFIX = 'remote:'
diff --git a/src/shared/pty-process-inspection-evidence.ts b/src/shared/pty-process-inspection-evidence.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e501738aa85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/pty-process-inspection-evidence.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/**
+ * Evidence contract for PTY agent-process inspection.
+ *
+ * The completion monitor concludes "the agent finished" from two observations:
+ * the foreground process is no longer a recognized agent, and the shell has no
+ * child processes. Both probes run on the execution host, and on a relay host
+ * "could not ask" is a normal steady state — probes time out under load, and
+ * minimal hosts lack `pgrep`. Per docs/reference/ssh-execution-boundary.md the
+ * vocabulary is `live` / `unverifiable` / `exited`: a probe that failed to run
+ * is `unverifiable` and must never be read as exit evidence; only a probe that
+ * ran and positively observed absence may say `exited`.
+ *
+ * Wire compatibility (docs/reference/remote-wire-compatibility.md): the
+ * evidence rides in a NEW OPTIONAL FIELD (`processEvidence`) beside the legacy
+ * `foregroundProcess` / `hasChildProcesses` fields, whose published values keep
+ * the exact legacy collapse. An old client ignores the field and sees identical
+ * content; a new client against an old host reads the legacy fields as the only
+ * available answer.
+ */
+
+export type PtyForegroundProcessEvidence =
+  | { verdict: 'observed'; processName: string | null }
+  | { verdict: 'unverifiable'; reason: string }
+
+export type PtyChildProcessesEvidence =
+  | { verdict: 'live' }
+  | { verdict: 'exited' }
+  | { verdict: 'unverifiable'; reason: string }
+
+export type PtyProcessInspectionEvidence = {
+  foreground: PtyForegroundProcessEvidence
+  children: PtyChildProcessesEvidence
+}
+
+export type PtyProcessInspectionWireResult = {
+  foregroundProcess: string | null
+  hasChildProcesses: boolean
+  processEvidence: PtyProcessInspectionEvidence
+}
+
+/**
+ * Collapse probe evidence into the wire result. The legacy fields reproduce the
+ * pre-evidence behavior exactly (`unverifiable` collapses to `null` / `false`)
+ * so clients that predate `processEvidence` observe unchanged host content.
+ */
+export function buildPtyProcessInspectionWireResult(
+  foreground: PtyForegroundProcessEvidence,
+  children: PtyChildProcessesEvidence
+): PtyProcessInspectionWireResult {
+  return {
+    foregroundProcess: foreground.verdict === 'observed' ? foreground.processName : null,
+    hasChildProcesses: children.verdict === 'live',
+    processEvidence: { foreground, children }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read the evidence off a wire result, tolerating peers this client cannot
+ * vouch for. A host that predates the field gets the legacy interpretation —
+ * its published values are the only answer it can give. A malformed shape from
+ * a foreign host reads as `unverifiable`, never as an observation.
+ */
+export function readPtyProcessInspectionEvidence(result: {
+  foregroundProcess: string | null
+  hasChildProcesses: boolean
+  processEvidence?: PtyProcessInspectionEvidence
+}): PtyProcessInspectionEvidence {
+  const evidence = result.processEvidence
+  if (evidence === undefined) {
+    return {
+      foreground: { verdict: 'observed', processName: result.foregroundProcess },
+      children: result.hasChildProcesses ? { verdict: 'live' } : { verdict: 'exited' }
+    }
+  }
+  return {
+    foreground: normalizeForegroundEvidence(evidence?.foreground),
+    children: normalizeChildrenEvidence(evidence?.children)
+  }
+}
+
+function normalizeForegroundEvidence(
+  evidence: PtyForegroundProcessEvidence | undefined
+): PtyForegroundProcessEvidence {
+  if (evidence?.verdict === 'observed') {
+    return { verdict: 'observed', processName: evidence.processName ?? null }
+  }
+  if (evidence?.verdict === 'unverifiable') {
+    return { verdict: 'unverifiable', reason: evidence.reason ?? 'unspecified' }
+  }
+  return { verdict: 'unverifiable', reason: 'malformed foreground inspection evidence' }
+}
+
+function normalizeChildrenEvidence(
+  evidence: PtyChildProcessesEvidence | undefined
+): PtyChildProcessesEvidence {
+  if (evidence?.verdict === 'live' || evidence?.verdict === 'exited') {
+    return { verdict: evidence.verdict }
+  }
+  if (evidence?.verdict === 'unverifiable') {
+    return { verdict: 'unverifiable', reason: evidence.reason ?? 'unspecified' }
+  }
+  return { verdict: 'unverifiable', reason: 'malformed child-process inspection evidence' }
+}
diff --git a/tests/e2e/relay-completion-evidence/relay-inspection-unverifiable-completion.unit.test.ts b/tests/e2e/relay-completion-evidence/relay-inspection-unverifiable-completion.unit.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0540a33ba9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/relay-completion-evidence/relay-inspection-unverifiable-completion.unit.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import type { Mock } from 'vitest'
+import * as ptyProcessProbes from '../../../src/relay/pty-process-probes'
+
+const { execFileMock, execFileSyncMock, mockPtySpawn, mockPtyInstance, mockReadinessProbe } =
+  vi.hoisted(() => ({
+    execFileMock: vi.fn(),
+    execFileSyncMock: vi.fn(),
+    mockPtySpawn: vi.fn(),
+    mockReadinessProbe: vi.fn(),
+    mockPtyInstance: {
+      pid: process.pid,
+      onData: vi.fn(),
+      onExit: vi.fn(),
+      write: vi.fn(),
+      resize: vi.fn(),
+      kill: vi.fn(),
+      clear: vi.fn(),
+      pause: vi.fn(),
+      resume: vi.fn()
+    }
+  }))
+
+vi.mock('child_process', () => ({
+  execFile: execFileMock,
+  execFileSync: execFileSyncMock
+}))
+
+vi.mock('node-pty', () => ({
+  spawn: mockPtySpawn
+}))
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/main/pty/posix-pty-process-groups', () => ({
+  forceKillPosixPtyProcessGroups: vi.fn((_pid: number, fallback: () => void) => fallback())
+}))
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/main/shell-prompt-readiness-probe', () => ({
+  createShellPromptReadinessProbe: mockReadinessProbe
+}))
+
+import { resetProcessTableSnapshotForTests } from '../../../src/shared/process-table-snapshot'
+import type { PtyHandler } from '../../../src/relay/pty-handler'
+import {
+  beginPtyHandlerTest,
+  createPtyRequestHelpers,
+  endPtyHandlerTest,
+  type MockDispatcher
+} from '../../../src/relay/pty-handler-test-harness'
+import {
+  createAgentCompletionCoordinator,
+  resetAgentCompletionCoordinatorIdentitiesForTest
+} from '../../../src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/agent-completion-coordinator'
+import { resetAgentProcessInspectionQueueForTests } from '../../../src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/agent-process-inspection-queue'
+import type { RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection } from '../../../src/renderer/src/runtime/runtime-terminal-inspection'
+
+/**
+ * "Failure becomes fact" coercion, SSH relay completion site.
+ *
+ * The relay adapter (pty-shell-utils) swallows `pgrep`/`ps` failures and
+ * resolves `{ foregroundProcess: <fallback>, hasChildProcesses: false }` — the
+ * exact payload the agent-completion monitor reads as positive exit evidence.
+ * On a distressed or minimal relay host (probe timeouts under load, procps
+ * missing) the truth is "could not ask", which must stay `unverifiable` and
+ * must never become a completion. Loss of contact is never evidence of death
+ * (docs/reference/ssh-execution-boundary.md).
+ */
+describe('relay inspection under probe failure', () => {
+  let dispatcher: MockDispatcher
+  let handler: PtyHandler
+  let originalPlatform: PropertyDescriptor | undefined
+
+  const { spawnPty } = createPtyRequestHelpers(() => dispatcher)
+
+  // Timeout-killed subprocess: what execFile yields when the host is too
+  // loaded to answer `ps`/`pgrep` inside the 3s probe deadline.
+  function timeoutKilledError(command: string): Error {
+    const error = new Error(`spawn ${command} ETIMEDOUT`) as Error & {
+      killed: boolean
+      signal: string
+      code: null
+    }
+    error.killed = true
+    error.signal = 'SIGTERM'
+    error.code = null
+    return error
+  }
+
+  type ExecBehavior = 'healthy' | 'probe-failure'
+  let execBehavior: ExecBehavior = 'healthy'
+
+  function installExecFile(): void {
+    execFileMock.mockImplementation(
+      (command: string, args: string[], _opts: unknown, cb: unknown) => {
+        const callback = cb as (
+          err: Error | null,
+          result: { stdout: string; stderr: string }
+        ) => void
+        if (execBehavior === 'probe-failure') {
+          callback(timeoutKilledError(command), { stdout: '', stderr: '' })
+          return
+        }
+        if (command === 'ps' && args[0] === '-axo') {
+          callback(null, {
+            stdout: [
+              `${process.pid} 1 Ss   bash -l`,
+              `99999 ${process.pid} S+   node /home/dev/.local/bin/codex`
+            ].join('\n'),
+            stderr: ''
+          })
+          return
+        }
+        if (command === 'pgrep') {
+          callback(null, { stdout: '99999\n', stderr: '' })
+          return
+        }
+        callback(new Error(`unexpected command ${command}`), { stdout: '', stderr: '' })
+      }
+    )
+  }
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    execBehavior = 'healthy'
+    execFileMock.mockReset()
+    installExecFile()
+    resetProcessTableSnapshotForTests()
+    ;({ dispatcher, handler, originalPlatform } = beginPtyHandlerTest({
+      mockPtySpawn,
+      mockPtyInstance,
+      mockCreateShellPromptReadinessProbe: mockReadinessProbe
+    }))
+    // The harness stubs processHasChildren for unrelated PTY tests; this suite
+    // exercises the real relay adapter, including its failure handling.
+    ;(ptyProcessProbes.processHasChildren as unknown as Mock).mockRestore()
+    ;(ptyProcessProbes.probeProcessChildren as unknown as Mock).mockRestore()
+    // node-pty reports the wrapper entrypoint as the foreground process for
+    // node-launched agents; descendant scans resolve it to the real agent.
+    mockPtySpawn.mockReturnValue({ ...mockPtyInstance, process: 'node' })
+    vi.spyOn(Math, 'random').mockReturnValue(0.5)
+  })
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    await endPtyHandlerTest(handler, originalPlatform)
+    resetAgentProcessInspectionQueueForTests()
+    resetAgentCompletionCoordinatorIdentitiesForTest()
+    resetProcessTableSnapshotForTests()
+  })
+
+  it('does not conclude an agent finished when the host process probes fail', async () => {
+    const { id } = await spawnPty({})
+
+    const dispatchCompletion = vi.fn()
+    const coordinator = createAgentCompletionCoordinator({
+      paneKey: 'tab-1:leaf-1',
+      getPtyId: () => id,
+      getSettings: () => null,
+      // Real transport shape: the renderer awaits the relay RPC result and
+      // treats whatever resolves as the inspection answer.
+      inspectProcess: async (_settings, ptyId) =>
+        (await dispatcher.callRequest('pty.inspectProcess', {
+          id: ptyId
+        })) as RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection,
+      dispatchCompletion,
+      isLive: () => true
+    })
+
+    coordinator.startProcessTracking()
+    coordinator.observeTitle('Codex working')
+
+    // Healthy poll: the descendant scan proves codex is live in this pane.
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(2_000)
+    expect(dispatchCompletion).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+    // Host distress: every process probe now times out. Codex is still
+    // running; the host merely cannot answer.
+    execBehavior = 'probe-failure'
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(20_000)
+
+    expect(dispatchCompletion).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+    coordinator.dispose()
+  })
+
+  // Old-client behavior proof (remote-wire-compatibility Rule 1/Rule 3): the
+  // legacy fields keep the exact pre-evidence collapse, so a client that
+  // predates `processEvidence` observes byte-identical host content.
+  it('publishes unchanged legacy fields beside the evidence', async () => {
+    const { id } = await spawnPty({})
+
+    const healthy = await dispatcher.callRequest('pty.inspectProcess', { id })
+    expect(healthy).toEqual({
+      foregroundProcess: 'codex',
+      hasChildProcesses: true,
+      processEvidence: {
+        foreground: { verdict: 'observed', processName: 'codex' },
+        children: { verdict: 'live' }
+      }
+    })
+
+    execBehavior = 'probe-failure'
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(600)
+    const failed = await dispatcher.callRequest('pty.inspectProcess', { id })
+    expect(failed).toEqual({
+      // node-pty's own record still answers the foreground question.
+      foregroundProcess: 'node',
+      // The pre-evidence collapse old clients have always received.
+      hasChildProcesses: false,
+      processEvidence: {
+        foreground: { verdict: 'observed', processName: 'node' },
+        children: { verdict: 'unverifiable', reason: expect.any(String) }
+      }
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('still confirms a real exit once the probes answer again', async () => {
+    const { id } = await spawnPty({})
+
+    const dispatchCompletion = vi.fn()
+    const coordinator = createAgentCompletionCoordinator({
+      paneKey: 'tab-2:leaf-1',
+      getPtyId: () => id,
+      getSettings: () => null,
+      inspectProcess: async (_settings, ptyId) =>
+        (await dispatcher.callRequest('pty.inspectProcess', {
+          id: ptyId
+        })) as RuntimeTerminalProcessInspection,
+      dispatchCompletion,
+      isLive: () => true
+    })
+
+    coordinator.startProcessTracking()
+    coordinator.observeTitle('Codex working')
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(2_000)
+
+    execBehavior = 'probe-failure'
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(10_000)
+    expect(dispatchCompletion).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+    // Recovery, and the agent has genuinely exited: bash has the foreground
+    // again and pgrep positively reports no children.
+    execBehavior = 'healthy'
+    execFileMock.mockImplementation(
+      (command: string, args: string[], _opts: unknown, cb: unknown) => {
+        const callback = cb as (
+          err: Error | null,
+          result: { stdout: string; stderr: string }
+        ) => void
+        if (command === 'ps' && args[0] === '-axo') {
+          callback(null, { stdout: `${process.pid} 1 Ss+  bash -l`, stderr: '' })
+          return
+        }
+        if (command === 'pgrep') {
+          // pgrep ran and matched nothing: exits 1 with empty output.
+          const noMatch = new Error('pgrep exited 1') as Error & { code: number; killed: boolean }
+          noMatch.code = 1
+          noMatch.killed = false
+          callback(noMatch, { stdout: '', stderr: '' })
+          return
+        }
+        callback(new Error(`unexpected command ${command}`), { stdout: '', stderr: '' })
+      }
+    )
+
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(30_000)
+
+    expect(dispatchCompletion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(dispatchCompletion).toHaveBeenCalledWith('codex', {
+      source: 'process-exit',
+      quietedHookDone: false,
+      terminalIdleConfirmed: true
+    })
+
+    coordinator.dispose()
+  })
+})