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+# Terminal Performance Initiative
+
+Working plan for the `orca-performance` branch. Goal: make Orca's terminal as
+performant as the architecture allows, with every claim backed by a number.
+Started 2026-07-02.
+
+## Why (user-reported, from the team meeting)
+
+1. Typing in the terminal is sometimes laggy — occasionally seconds of delay.
+2. Users say the terminal is slower than iTerm (unclear if typing or scrolling).
+3. Scrolling in Claude Code / OpenCode is slow.
+4. Idle memory is high (1–2 GB).
+5. Battery usage is high.
+
+Goals: legit performance complaints ≤ 1/week; sampled P90 typing/scrolling
+latency down significantly; lower memory with 0–1 agents.
+
+## Ground truth (verified against source, 2026-07-02)
+
+Research corpus: xterm.js 6 / VS Code / Ghostty internals study (verified
+file:line claims) — see the archived digest and the "xterm.js vs Ghostty"
+deep-dive. The Orca-specific findings below were re-verified against this
+repo's code:
+
+- **Electron main sits on every terminal byte's path** (daemon → main →
+  renderer). VS Code ships the same xterm.js but bypasses main entirely: its
+  ptyHost is a UtilityProcess with a direct MessagePort to each renderer.
+- **The PTY producer is never paused.** `acknowledgeDataEvent` is a no-op in
+  both `LocalPtyProvider` and `DaemonPtyAdapter`. Only main→renderer delivery
+  is watermarked (512 KB, `src/main/ipc/pty.ts:1374`); main's own buffer can
+  grow toward a 512 MB cap under flood. VS Code pauses the actual pty at 100k
+  unacked chars (kernel backpressure blocks the shell).
+- Renderer terminals share one thread with the entire React app; xterm.js
+  parses in 12 ms slices at a documented 5–35 MB/s ceiling.
+- Renderer scrollback default is 5,000 rows (`src/shared/terminal-scrollback-policy.ts`),
+  5× VS Code's default; 12 B/cell plus per-line JS objects; O(all lines)
+  reflow on column resize.
+- Latency physics: Ghostty ~4 ms median keypress latency, VS Code ~31 ms
+  (same-library reference), native class 5–10 ms. Realistic target: beat
+  VS Code, close on iTerm2, eliminate the stall/jank class entirely (P99
+  dominates perception).
+
+## Current state
+
+Branch `orca-performance` (long-lived testing line, from main @ `8e8a08ac7`):
+
+1. `tools/benchmarks/terminal-pipeline-bench.mjs` — cross-terminal rig
+   (see Benchmark protocol below).
+2. Merge of PR #7153 = #7150 (freeze/memory: backlog caps, wedge guards,
+   probe-certified replay release) + #7139 (cooperative drain: paced backlog
+   draining keeps typing responsive under floods). Post-merge on this base:
+   `pnpm typecheck` clean, 626 targeted tests green (scheduler, guards,
+   pty/pty-connection/pty-transport suites). #7153 itself is a disposable
+   testing PR; #7139 and #7150 land separately on main.
+
+## Workstreams
+
+### 1. Baseline benchmarks (now; human-in-terminal required)
+
+Run the rig in each terminal on the same machine — Orca pane, iTerm2, Ghostty,
+Terminal.app, VS Code (T3Code if available):
+
+```
+node tools/benchmarks/terminal-pipeline-bench.mjs --label <machine>-<date>
+node tools/benchmarks/terminal-pipeline-bench.mjs report
+```
+
+These numbers answer "are we actually slower than iTerm, and where," and are
+the before/after for everything below.
+
+### 2. Validate #7153 on orca-performance (this week, extended testing)
+
+Watch for: typing responsiveness under agent floods, bounded memory,
+skip-notice + snapshot repaint on overflow, no permanent input loss. When
+validated, land #7139 and #7150 as separate PRs on main.
+
+### 3. Revive term-speed-2 (the headline structural work)
+
+History: nwparker's ~38-branch chain (+20k lines) implementing the terminal
+model/view contract — hidden view parking, hidden delivery gate, side-effect
+authority in main, model query authority, skip-grammar deletion — all
+kill-switched, documented in
+`origin/nwparker/term-speed-2-architecture-docs:docs/reference/terminal-model-view-contract.md`.
+It shipped only in v1.4.78-rc.1, a deliberate personal-testing build; it was
+never rejected and never reached main. Directly targets complaints 3–5
+(hidden panes stop receiving bytes and unmount their xterm + WebGL atlases).
+
+Merge scout (2026-07-02, chain tip into orca-performance): 144 files, 34
+conflicted, 115 hunks. Hotspots: `pty-connection.ts` (31), `pty.ts` (16),
+`daemon-pty-adapter.ts` (6), `orca-runtime.ts` (5).
+`pane-terminal-output-scheduler.ts` does NOT conflict — #7139/#7150 and the
+chain touch different layers; runtime interaction (drain pacing × hidden
+gate) still needs deliberate testing.
+
+Execution: dedicated focused session; resolve on `revive/term-speed-2` off
+orca-performance; keep both sides' kill switches; validate with typecheck +
+the contract tests listed in the model-view-contract doc + #7153's suites;
+merge back to orca-performance for extended testing. Estimated ~1 day of
+careful resolution + validation.
+
+### 4. Remaining stall-bug fixes (parallel, independently shippable)
+
+The "seconds of delay" class = discrete thread-blocking events, not
+steady-state latency:
+
+- PR #7105 (open): skip synchronous cold-restore replay for live daemon
+  sessions in doSpawn.
+- `SerializeAddon.serialize()` audit: ~1.2 s renderer block at 50k scrollback
+  rows (#5096 follow-up, never done). Call sites include the mobile snapshot
+  path (`pty-connection.ts:2861`) and sleep/hibernate serialization.
+- #2836 frozen-terminal leads: replay-guard latch, codex-stale gate, uncapped
+  buffers (repro harness exists).
+- Checkpoint-RPC main-thread scrub (measured ~2–10 ms bursts per hot 5 s
+  tick; small, part of the same program).
+
+### 5. Producer-side PTY flow control
+
+Ack-driven pause/resume of the actual PTY through the daemon protocol
+(node-pty supports it), watermarks per the xterm.js flow-control guide
+(≤500 KB). Converts flood-induced buffered lag into shell blocking — the
+correct physics. Sequence after #7139 lands (interacts with its drain pacing).
+
+### 6. Extend the measurement rig
+
+- True keypress→pixel latency: Typometer manual protocol (the DSR probe stops
+  at the parser reply, before paint).
+- Idle memory + battery: per-process RSS breakdown + `powermetrics` sampling
+  at 0/1/5 agents (goal-3 metric).
+- FPS under flood; event-loop-delay probes (`monitorEventLoopDelay`) in
+  main/daemon/renderer behind a debug flag for pipeline attribution.
+
+### 7. utilityProcess terminal router (structural endgame; gated on data)
+
+An Electron UtilityProcess owns the daemon socket and hands each renderer a
+MessagePort — VS Code's topology while keeping Orca's detached daemon (warm
+reattach). Takes main off the terminal data path entirely; daemon-side
+history persistence falls out naturally. Prototype only after baselines show
+how much tail latency lives in the main hop.
+
+### 8. Production P90 telemetry
+
+Sampled keypress→echo latency + long-task/stall counts from real users;
+defines the success criterion and becomes the permanent regression gate.
+Design after the local rig stabilizes so the metrics match.
+
+## Benchmark protocol
+
+`tools/benchmarks/terminal-pipeline-bench.mjs` measures, from inside any
+terminal:
+
+- **DSR idle latency** — ESC[6n round trips (p50/p90/p99); replies come only
+  after the parser reaches the query, so it proxies the input pipeline
+  without keystroke injection.
+- **Fenced throughput** — 4 deterministic fixtures (`ascii-log`, `cjk-emoji`,
+  `agent-tui` — Claude-Code-shaped transcript + DEC-2026 status repaints —
+  and labeled-pathological `styles-stress`), each run ended by a DSR fence so
+  xterm.js-class ingest queues can't flatter the result.
+- **DSR under load** — latency sampled during a paced 1 MB/s agent-TUI
+  stream: "typing while the agent works," quantified.
+
+Rules: same machine, AC power, comparable window size, no tmux/screen, hands
+off the keyboard during runs. Never compare numbers across machines.
+
+## Sequencing
+
+```
+now:        [1] baselines        [2] #7153 testing      (parallel)
+next:       [3] term-speed-2 revival (dedicated session)
+parallel:   [4] stall fixes, [6] rig extensions
+after 2/3:  [5] flow control
+gated:      [7] utility router   [8] telemetry
+```
+
+BMW-group crash work remains the team's priority gate above all of this
+(#7150's wedge guards overlap it); this plan runs measurement and revival
+prep in parallel without displacing it.
+
+## Success criteria (baseline-relative; finalize after task 1)
+
+- DSR-under-load p90 in Orca within striking distance of iTerm2 on the same
+  box; zero DSR timeouts (today's freeze class).
+- Fenced agent-tui throughput ≥ VS Code on the same box.
+- Idle RSS with 0–1 agents materially down (target set after the memory
+  harness lands; hidden-pane parking is the main lever).
+- Zero >100 ms event-loop stalls in main/renderer during a 10 MB flood.
+- Production P90 typing latency down and monitored continuously.