diff --git a/src/main/daemon/daemon-restart-state.test.ts b/src/main/daemon/daemon-restart-state.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f9280702050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/daemon/daemon-restart-state.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { runCoalescedDaemonRestart, settledDaemonRestart } from './daemon-restart-state'
+
+describe('settledDaemonRestart', () => {
+  it('is undefined with no restart running', () => {
+    expect(settledDaemonRestart()).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  it('holds until the running restart settles, whether it succeeds or fails', async () => {
+    for (const outcome of ['resolve', 'reject'] as const) {
+      let finish!: () => void
+      const restart = runCoalescedDaemonRestart(
+        () =>
+          new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+            finish = () =>
+              outcome === 'resolve' ? resolve({ killedCount: 1 }) : reject(new Error('x'))
+          })
+      )
+      restart.catch(() => {})
+      let settled = false
+      void settledDaemonRestart()?.then(() => {
+        settled = true
+      })
+      await Promise.resolve()
+      expect(settled).toBe(false)
+
+      finish()
+      await restart.catch(() => {})
+      await Promise.resolve()
+      expect(settled).toBe(true)
+      expect(settledDaemonRestart()).toBeUndefined()
+    }
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/main/daemon/daemon-restart-state.ts b/src/main/daemon/daemon-restart-state.ts
index e37fad69709..70918375898 100644
--- a/src/main/daemon/daemon-restart-state.ts
+++ b/src/main/daemon/daemon-restart-state.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,14 @@ export function isDaemonRestartInFlight(): boolean {
   return restartInFlight !== null
 }
 
+/** Settles once an in-flight restart has swapped in its provider (or failed); undefined when none. */
+export function settledDaemonRestart(): Promise<void> | undefined {
+  return restartInFlight?.then(
+    () => undefined,
+    () => undefined
+  )
+}
+
 export function runCoalescedDaemonRestart(
   run: () => Promise<RestartDaemonResult>
 ): Promise<RestartDaemonResult> {
diff --git a/src/main/ipc/pty/register-handlers.ts b/src/main/ipc/pty/register-handlers.ts
index 4010711e28b..b40aececc21 100644
--- a/src/main/ipc/pty/register-handlers.ts
+++ b/src/main/ipc/pty/register-handlers.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { settledDaemonRestart } from '../../daemon/daemon-restart-state'
 import { getAppEnvironment } from '../../../shared/app-environment'
 import type { OrcaRuntimeService } from '../../runtime/orca-runtime'
 import type { Store } from '../../persistence'
@@ -104,7 +105,12 @@ export function registerPtyHandlers(
       return undefined
     }
     // Why: during cold start the daemon provider swap overlaps first paint, so local spawns must wait; SSH/headless don't use the desktop daemon.
-    return options?.awaitLocalPtyStartup?.()
+    const startup = options?.awaitLocalPtyStartup?.()
+    // A pane replaced by a restart spawns while it runs; it must reach the new daemon, not the old.
+    const restart = settledDaemonRestart()
+    return startup && restart
+      ? Promise.all([startup, restart]).then(() => undefined)
+      : (startup ?? restart)
   }
 
   const getLocalPtyProviderStartupPromise = (
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection-restart-replacement.test.ts b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection-restart-replacement.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bbcd67e7ec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection-restart-replacement.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+import type * as React from 'react'
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { flushAsyncTicks } from './pty-connection-test-async'
+import {
+  leafIdForPane,
+  createMockTransport,
+  createPane,
+  createManager
+} from './pty-connection-test-pane-fixtures'
+import { buildPaneConnectionDeps } from './pty-connection-test-deps'
+import { createInitialStoreState } from './pty-connection-test-store-fixtures'
+import type { StoreState } from './pty-connection-test-store-state'
+import type { MockTransport } from './pty-connection-test-pane-fixtures'
+import {
+  installTerminalTestGlobals,
+  restoreTerminalTestGlobals
+} from './pty-connection-test-environment'
+
+const {
+  resetAndRefreshAllTerminalWebglAtlases,
+  scheduleTerminalWebglAtlasRecovery,
+  scheduleRuntimeGraphSync,
+  shouldSeedCacheTimerOnInitialTitle,
+  toastInfo,
+  notifyCodexPaneBoundForStaleSweep
+} = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  resetAndRefreshAllTerminalWebglAtlases: vi.fn(),
+  scheduleTerminalWebglAtlasRecovery: vi.fn(),
+  scheduleRuntimeGraphSync: vi.fn(),
+  shouldSeedCacheTimerOnInitialTitle: vi.fn(() => false),
+  toastInfo: vi.fn(),
+  notifyCodexPaneBoundForStaleSweep: vi.fn()
+}))
+
+let mockStoreState: StoreState
+let transportFactoryQueue: MockTransport[] = []
+let createdTransportOptions: Record<string, unknown>[] = []
+let storeSubscribers: ((state: StoreState) => void)[] = []
+
+vi.mock('@/runtime/sync-runtime-graph', () => ({
+  scheduleRuntimeGraphSync
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@/lib/pane-manager/pane-manager-registry', async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<Record<string, unknown>>()),
+  resetAndRefreshAllTerminalWebglAtlases
+}))
+
+vi.mock('./terminal-webgl-atlas-recovery', () => ({
+  scheduleTerminalWebglAtlasRecovery
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@/store', () => ({
+  useAppStore: {
+    getState: () => mockStoreState,
+    subscribe: (listener: (state: StoreState) => void) => {
+      storeSubscribers.push(listener)
+      return () => {
+        storeSubscribers = storeSubscribers.filter((candidate) => candidate !== listener)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@/lib/agent-status', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const { buildAgentStatusModuleMock } = await import('./pty-connection-test-environment')
+  return buildAgentStatusModuleMock(await importOriginal<Record<string, unknown>>())
+})
+
+vi.mock('./cache-timer-seeding', () => ({
+  shouldSeedCacheTimerOnInitialTitle
+}))
+
+vi.mock('sonner', () => ({
+  toast: {
+    info: toastInfo
+  }
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@/lib/codex-stale-pane-sweep', () => ({
+  notifyCodexPaneBoundForStaleSweep
+}))
+
+// Why: the working→idle test invokes the real useNotificationDispatch hook outside React, so useCallback must pass through (safe suite-wide: no test here renders React).
+vi.mock('react', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof React>()
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    useCallback: <T extends (...args: unknown[]) => unknown>(fn: T): T => fn
+  }
+})
+
+vi.mock('./pty-transport', () => ({
+  createIpcPtyTransport: vi.fn((options: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+    createdTransportOptions.push(options)
+    const nextTransport = transportFactoryQueue.shift()
+    if (!nextTransport) {
+      throw new Error('No mock transport queued')
+    }
+    return nextTransport
+  })
+}))
+
+vi.mock('./remote-runtime-pty-transport', () => ({
+  createRemoteRuntimePtyTransport: vi.fn(
+    (_environmentId: string, options: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      createdTransportOptions.push(options)
+      const nextTransport = transportFactoryQueue.shift()
+      if (!nextTransport) {
+        throw new Error('No mock transport queued')
+      }
+      return nextTransport
+    }
+  )
+}))
+
+// Why: stub only getEagerPtyBufferHandle so tests can simulate a live eager buffer (adopt path) without standing up the real IPC dispatcher.
+vi.mock('./pty-dispatcher', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<Record<string, unknown>>()
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    getEagerPtyBufferHandle: vi.fn(() => undefined)
+  }
+})
+
+function createDeps(overrides: Record<string, unknown> = {}) {
+  return buildPaneConnectionDeps(() => mockStoreState, overrides)
+}
+
+describe('connectPanePty', () => {
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    vi.resetModules()
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+    transportFactoryQueue = []
+    createdTransportOptions = []
+    storeSubscribers = []
+    mockStoreState = createInitialStoreState(() => mockStoreState)
+    await installTerminalTestGlobals()
+  })
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    await restoreTerminalTestGlobals()
+  })
+  /** A pane running an agent, with the live recovery record the app keeps for every agent turn. */
+  async function connectWithAgent(opts: { visible: boolean; turnDone?: boolean }) {
+    const { connectPanePty } = await import('./pty-connection')
+    const { deliverPtyExitToHandlers } = await import('./pty-exit-delivery')
+    const transport = createMockTransport('pty-pane-2')
+    transportFactoryQueue.push(transport)
+    const deps = createDeps({ isVisibleRef: { current: opts.visible } })
+    const pane = createPane(2)
+    const paneKey = `tab-1:${leafIdForPane(2)}`
+    mockStoreState.removeAgentStatus.mockImplementation((key: string) => {
+      delete mockStoreState.agentStatusByPaneKey[key]
+    })
+    mockStoreState.sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey[paneKey] = {
+      paneKey,
+      tabId: 'tab-1',
+      worktreeId: 'wt-1',
+      agent: 'claude',
+      providerSession: { key: 'session_id', id: 'sess-1' },
+      prompt: 'fix it',
+      state: opts.turnDone ? 'done' : 'working',
+      capturedAt: 1,
+      updatedAt: 1,
+      origin: 'live'
+    }
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/consistent-type-assertions -- SAFETY: the fixtures implement the pane, manager and deps members connectPanePty reads.
+    const args = [pane, createManager(1), deps] as unknown as Parameters<typeof connectPanePty>
+    const binding = connectPanePty(...args)
+    await flushAsyncTicks()
+    const onPtyExit = createdTransportOptions[0]?.onPtyExit
+    if (typeof onPtyExit !== 'function') {
+      throw new Error('expected the transport exit handler')
+    }
+    const exit = async (replacedByRestart: boolean): Promise<void> => {
+      deliverPtyExitToHandlers({
+        ptyId: 'tab-pty',
+        code: -1,
+        replacedByRestart,
+        primary: (code) => onPtyExit('tab-pty', code),
+        sidecars: []
+      })
+      await flushAsyncTicks()
+    }
+    const connects = (): number => transport.connect.mock.calls.length
+    const lastCommand = (): string | undefined => transport.connect.mock.calls.at(-1)?.[0]?.command
+    return { binding, exit, connects, lastCommand }
+  }
+
+  it('resumes a restart-replaced hidden pane once, when it is next shown', async () => {
+    const pane = await connectWithAgent({ visible: false })
+    const before = pane.connects()
+
+    await pane.exit(true)
+    expect(pane.connects()).toBe(before)
+
+    pane.binding.noteVisibilityResume()
+    await flushAsyncTicks()
+    expect(pane.connects()).toBe(before + 1)
+    expect(pane.lastCommand()).toContain('sess-1')
+
+    pane.binding.noteVisibilityResume()
+    await flushAsyncTicks()
+    expect(pane.connects()).toBe(before + 1)
+  })
+
+  it('resumes a restart-replaced pane at once when it is visible', async () => {
+    const pane = await connectWithAgent({ visible: true })
+    const before = pane.connects()
+
+    await pane.exit(true)
+
+    expect(pane.connects()).toBe(before + 1)
+    expect(pane.lastCommand()).toContain('sess-1')
+  })
+
+  it('spawns nothing for a restart-replaced pane closed before it is shown', async () => {
+    const pane = await connectWithAgent({ visible: false })
+    await pane.exit(true)
+    const before = pane.connects()
+
+    pane.binding.dispose()
+    pane.binding.noteVisibilityResume()
+    await flushAsyncTicks()
+
+    expect(pane.connects()).toBe(before)
+  })
+
+  it('spawns nothing when another flow rebound the pane before it is shown', async () => {
+    const pane = await connectWithAgent({ visible: false })
+    await pane.exit(true)
+    const before = pane.connects()
+    mockStoreState.terminalLayoutsByTabId = {
+      ...mockStoreState.terminalLayoutsByTabId,
+      'tab-1': {
+        root: { type: 'leaf', leafId: leafIdForPane(2) },
+        activeLeafId: leafIdForPane(2),
+        expandedLeafId: null,
+        ptyIdsByLeafId: { [leafIdForPane(2)]: 'pty-replacement' }
+      }
+    }
+
+    pane.binding.noteVisibilityResume()
+    await flushAsyncTicks()
+
+    expect(pane.connects()).toBe(before)
+  })
+
+  it('resumes an agent whose turn had finished the same way, once, when shown', async () => {
+    const pane = await connectWithAgent({ visible: false, turnDone: true })
+    const before = pane.connects()
+    await pane.exit(true)
+    expect(pane.connects()).toBe(before)
+
+    pane.binding.noteVisibilityResume()
+    await flushAsyncTicks()
+    pane.binding.noteVisibilityResume()
+    await flushAsyncTicks()
+
+    expect(pane.connects()).toBe(before + 1)
+    expect(pane.lastCommand()).toContain('sess-1')
+  })
+
+  it('leaves a pane lost to any other -1 exit without a process', async () => {
+    const pane = await connectWithAgent({ visible: false })
+    const before = pane.connects()
+    await pane.exit(false)
+
+    pane.binding.noteVisibilityResume()
+    await flushAsyncTicks()
+
+    expect(pane.connects()).toBe(before)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/pty-exit-hibernate.ts b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/pty-exit-hibernate.ts
index e592c745ee2..7bc1ddf0402 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/pty-exit-hibernate.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/pty-exit-hibernate.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import type { PtyPaneStartup } from '../pty-connection-types'
 
 import type { ConnectPanePtySession } from './connect-pane-pty-session'
 import { isPtyExitReplacedByRestart } from '../pty-exit-delivery'
+import { armRestartReplacement } from './restart-replacement-on-show'
 
 // Why live+done arms too: kept from #16308's wake-sweep widening; hibernation itself only writes worktree-sleep notes.
 export function noteArmsHibernatedPaneWake(record: SleepingAgentSessionRecord): boolean {
@@ -219,15 +220,15 @@ export function installPtyExitHibernate(session: ConnectPanePtySession): void {
     // Why: main clears gate state on PTY exit too; this only resets the
     // pane-local marker so a reused pane cannot skip re-marking a new PTY.
     session.releaseHiddenRendererPtyDelivery()
+    const replacedByRestart = isPtyExitReplacedByRestart(ptyId)
     // A synthetic host-loss exit only retires this transport. Keep the mounted
     // leaf↔PTY identity so reconnect/replay can adopt it after the host returns.
-    if (!isUnverifiedExit) {
+    // A restart's process is gone for good, so its replacement binds as a first spawn.
+    if (!isUnverifiedExit || replacedByRestart) {
       session.clearPanePtyFitBinding()
     }
     const isSuppressedExit =
-      session.deps.consumeSuppressedPtyExit(ptyId) ||
-      preserveRendererBinding ||
-      isPtyExitReplacedByRestart(ptyId)
+      session.deps.consumeSuppressedPtyExit(ptyId) || preserveRendererBinding || replacedByRestart
     if (!isSuppressedExit && !isUnverifiedExit) {
       session.clearExitedPanePtyLayoutBinding(ptyId)
     }
@@ -262,6 +263,11 @@ export function installPtyExitHibernate(session: ConnectPanePtySession): void {
       // Why: the action that suppressed the exit owns whether the leaf binding
       // is a wake hint or should be discarded; runtime cleanup above is enough.
       session.manager.setPaneGpuRendering(session.pane.id, true)
+      if (replacedByRestart) {
+        // Nothing else will replace this process; the pane takes it back when shown.
+        armRestartReplacement(session, ptyId)
+        return
+      }
       const sleepingRecordEntry = session.getSleepingRecordForPane(useAppStore.getState())
       if (sleepingRecordEntry && noteArmsHibernatedPaneWake(sleepingRecordEntry.record)) {
         // Why: hibernation killed this pane's PTY while hidden. The frozen TUI
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/restart-replacement-on-show.ts b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/restart-replacement-on-show.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..411fa206b99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/restart-replacement-on-show.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { useAppStore } from '@/store'
+import type { ConnectPanePtySession } from './connect-pane-pty-session'
+
+/**
+ * A terminal service restart ended this pane's process and nothing replaced it. The pane gets its
+ * replacement the way a relaunch would (fresh shell, cold-restore agent resume, old output kept),
+ * but only once it is shown, so a restart never resumes every background agent at once.
+ */
+export function armRestartReplacement(session: ConnectPanePtySession, ptyId: string): void {
+  session.restartReplacementPtyId = ptyId
+  if (session.deps.isVisibleRef.current) {
+    // Deferred off the exit handler, as the hibernation wake is.
+    queueMicrotask(() => consumeRestartReplacement(session))
+  }
+}
+
+/** Spawns the armed replacement, unless the pane closed or another flow already rebound it. */
+export function consumeRestartReplacement(session: ConnectPanePtySession): void {
+  const ptyId: string | null = session.restartReplacementPtyId ?? null
+  if (!ptyId) {
+    return
+  }
+  session.restartReplacementPtyId = null
+  const currentPtyId = session.transport.getPtyId()
+  const storedPtyId =
+    useAppStore.getState().terminalLayoutsByTabId[session.deps.tabId]?.ptyIdsByLeafId?.[
+      session.pane.leafId
+    ]
+  if (
+    session.disposed ||
+    session.deps.paneTransportsRef.current.get(session.pane.id) !== session.transport ||
+    (currentPtyId !== null && currentPtyId !== ptyId) ||
+    (storedPtyId !== undefined && storedPtyId !== ptyId)
+  ) {
+    return
+  }
+  void session.startFreshColdRestoreAgentResume()
+}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/session-reconcile-dispose.ts b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/session-reconcile-dispose.ts
index 8f2f9c91b0f..267074e766c 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/session-reconcile-dispose.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/session-reconcile-dispose.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useAppStore } from '@/store'
+import { consumeRestartReplacement } from './restart-replacement-on-show'
 import { shouldReconcileMissingSession, type HasPty } from '../terminal-dead-session-reconcile'
 import { cancelPendingSafeFitContinuations } from '@/lib/pane-manager/pane-tree-ops'
 import { PANE_PTY_RESIZE_HOLD_FLUSH_EVENT } from '@/lib/pane-manager/pane-pty-resize-hold'
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ export function installSessionReconcileDispose(session: ConnectPanePtySession):
       session.claimPendingVisibleRemoteViewport()
       session.ptySizeReassertion.request({ fit: false })
       session.consumeHibernatedAgentWake()
+      consumeRestartReplacement(session)
       session.resumeDeferredSpawnOnReveal()
       session.requestKnownWindowsShiftEnterReconfirmation()
       session.sampleVisiblePaneForegroundAgent()
diff --git a/tests/e2e/workspace-layout-oracle-known-on-main.ts b/tests/e2e/workspace-layout-oracle-known-on-main.ts
index bb4aae8c7f0..e32d096b537 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/workspace-layout-oracle-known-on-main.ts
+++ b/tests/e2e/workspace-layout-oracle-known-on-main.ts
@@ -24,13 +24,6 @@ type KnownOnMain = {
 const TRANSIENT = /\(transient\)$/
 
 export const LAYOUT_ORACLE_KNOWN_ON_MAIN: readonly KnownOnMain[] = [
-  // The in-app daemon restart keeps every pane, but nothing starts a new process in them.
-  {
-    scenario: 'live-daemon-restart',
-    check: 'marker',
-    step: 'after daemon restart',
-    cause: 'panes stay without a process after a daemon restart'
-  },
   // A headless host lists a worktree with no saved tab bar (and, after a restart, every worktree)
   // under a synthesized `headless-terminals:` group, while the layout stream names the same group
   // by its saved or minted id: same tabs and order, two group ids. One projection in PR 6.