diff --git a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-item-translation.ts b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-item-translation.ts
index 31e64334acb..04f22c16b06 100644
--- a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-item-translation.ts
+++ b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-item-translation.ts
@@ -273,7 +273,9 @@ export function codexJournalItem(item: CodexThreadItem): CodexJournalItem {
     }
   }
   const unhandled = unhandledProviderFrameJournalItem('codex', `item:${item.type}`, item)
-  return unhandled ? { ...unhandled, handled: false } : { body: null, blobs: [], handled: true }
+  return unhandled
+    ? { body: unhandled.body, blobs: unhandled.blobs, handled: false }
+    : { body: null, blobs: [], handled: true }
 }
 
 export function codexItemBody(item: CodexThreadItem): AgentJournalItemBody | null {
diff --git a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-journal-translation.test.ts b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-journal-translation.test.ts
index b27eafec7fb..cd0e626887a 100644
--- a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-journal-translation.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-journal-translation.test.ts
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ describe('codex journal translation', () => {
     ).toEqual(['notification:future/notification', 'request:future/request', 'frame:unclassified'])
   })
 
-  it('bounds generic rows per turn while preserving unknown non-delta evidence', () => {
+  it('bounds generic rows per turn while keeping the suppression visible and countable', () => {
     const { translator, tap } = translatorWith()
     translator.handle(TURN_STARTED)
     for (let index = 0; index < MAX_CODEX_GENERIC_ROWS_PER_TURN + 20; index += 1) {
@@ -510,11 +510,26 @@ describe('codex journal translation', () => {
     }
     translator.handle(notification('item/future/outputDelta', { itemId: 'future', delta: 'x' }))
 
-    expect(tap.rows).toHaveLength(MAX_CODEX_GENERIC_ROWS_PER_TURN)
-    expect(tap.rows[0]?.body).toMatchObject({
+    const generic = tap.rows.filter(
+      (row) => row.body.kind === 'status' && row.body.providerFrame !== undefined
+    )
+    expect(generic).toHaveLength(MAX_CODEX_GENERIC_ROWS_PER_TURN)
+    expect(generic[0]?.body).toMatchObject({
       kind: 'status',
       providerFrame: { kind: 'notification:future/notification' }
     })
+    // The 20 capped frames reduce to ONE summary row whose count is exact, so
+    // suppressed provider activity is never invisible.
+    const summaries = new Map(
+      tap.rows
+        .filter((row) => row.key.includes('provider-frame-suppressed'))
+        .map((row) => [row.key, row.body])
+    )
+    expect(summaries.size).toBe(1)
+    expect([...summaries.values()][0]).toEqual({
+      kind: 'status',
+      text: '20 more provider notifications not shown for this turn'
+    })
     expect(
       tap.rows.some(
         (row) =>
@@ -524,6 +539,23 @@ describe('codex journal translation', () => {
     ).toBe(false)
   })
 
+  it('never lets the generic-row cap hide an error frame', () => {
+    const { translator, tap } = translatorWith()
+    translator.handle(TURN_STARTED)
+    for (let index = 0; index < MAX_CODEX_GENERIC_ROWS_PER_TURN + 3; index += 1) {
+      translator.handle(notification('future/notification', { value: index }))
+    }
+    translator.handle(notification('future/failure', { error: 'provider exploded' }))
+
+    expect(
+      tap.rows.some(
+        (row) =>
+          row.body.kind === 'status' &&
+          row.body.providerFrame?.kind === 'notification:future/failure'
+      )
+    ).toBe(true)
+  })
+
   it('keeps a fresh session timeline empty through startup and status notifications', () => {
     const { translator, tap } = translatorWith()
 
diff --git a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-journal-translation.ts b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-journal-translation.ts
index fa227901765..4de04769fdb 100644
--- a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-journal-translation.ts
+++ b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-journal-translation.ts
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ export function createCodexJournalTranslator(
   const details = new Map<string, string>()
   const currentTurnIds = new Map<string, string>()
   const genericRowsByTurn = new Map<string, number>()
+  const suppressedRowsByTurn = new Map<string, number>()
   let fallbackSequence = 0
 
   const appendUnhandled = (kind: string, payload: unknown, threadId = 'session'): void => {
@@ -76,7 +77,21 @@ export function createCodexJournalTranslator(
     const turnId = readCodexTurnId(payload) ?? currentTurnIds.get(threadId) ?? 'outside-turn'
     const bucket = `${encodeURIComponent(threadId)}:${encodeURIComponent(turnId)}`
     const rowCount = genericRowsByTurn.get(bucket) ?? 0
-    if (rowCount >= MAX_CODEX_GENERIC_ROWS_PER_TURN) {
+    // The cap bounds noise, never evidence: an error frame is always journaled,
+    // and capped frames stay countable through one summary row per turn.
+    const capped =
+      rowCount >= MAX_CODEX_GENERIC_ROWS_PER_TURN && translated.classification !== 'error-surface'
+    if (capped) {
+      const suppressed = (suppressedRowsByTurn.get(bucket) ?? 0) + 1
+      suppressedRowsByTurn.set(bucket, suppressed)
+      deps.sink.appendItem(
+        { provider: 'orca', clientMessageId: `provider-frame-suppressed:codex:${bucket}` },
+        {
+          kind: 'status',
+          text: `${suppressed} more provider notification${suppressed === 1 ? '' : 's'} not shown for this turn`
+        }
+      )
+      deps.sink.publish()
       return
     }
     genericRowsByTurn.set(bucket, rowCount + 1)
@@ -276,6 +291,7 @@ export function createCodexJournalTranslator(
       details.clear()
       currentTurnIds.clear()
       genericRowsByTurn.clear()
+      suppressedRowsByTurn.clear()
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/provider-frame-disposition.ts b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/provider-frame-disposition.ts
index 8496c973a95..8d11df995a6 100644
--- a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/provider-frame-disposition.ts
+++ b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/provider-frame-disposition.ts
@@ -225,12 +225,15 @@ export function classifyProviderFrame(
   kind: string,
   payload: unknown
 ): ProviderFrameClassification {
-  if (isDeltaShapedProviderFrameKind(kind)) {
-    return 'stream-into-item'
-  }
+  // Payload failure inspection outranks the name-shape heuristic below: an
+  // unknown frame that reports an error must reach the user even when its
+  // method name happens to look like a stream delta.
   if (hasProviderError(payload)) {
     return 'error-surface'
   }
+  if (isDeltaShapedProviderFrameKind(kind)) {
+    return 'stream-into-item'
+  }
   if (provider === 'claude' && kind === 'message:result') {
     const subtype =
       typeof payload === 'object' && payload !== null
diff --git a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/unhandled-provider-frame.test.ts b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/unhandled-provider-frame.test.ts
index 9de8ee78ea9..a8c93191504 100644
--- a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/unhandled-provider-frame.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/unhandled-provider-frame.test.ts
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ describe('unhandled provider frame journal fallback', () => {
     ).toBeNull()
   })
 
-  it('never creates generic rows for known or unknown delta-shaped frames', () => {
+  it('never creates generic rows for delta-shaped frames that report no failure', () => {
     expect(
       unhandledProviderFrameJournalItem('codex', 'notification:item/commandExecution/outputDelta', {
         itemId: 'exec-1',
@@ -82,11 +82,25 @@ describe('unhandled provider frame journal fallback', () => {
     ).toBeNull()
     expect(
       unhandledProviderFrameJournalItem('codex', 'notification:item/future/outputDelta', {
-        error: 'still a delta'
+        itemId: 'future-1',
+        delta: 'y'
       })
     ).toBeNull()
   })
 
+  it('surfaces an unknown delta-shaped frame whose payload reports an error', () => {
+    const row = unhandledProviderFrameJournalItem('codex', 'notification:item/future/outputDelta', {
+      error: 'stream broke mid-item'
+    })
+
+    expect(row).not.toBeNull()
+    expect(row?.classification).toBe('error-surface')
+    expect(row?.body.providerFrame).toMatchObject({
+      provider: 'codex',
+      kind: 'notification:item/future/outputDelta'
+    })
+  })
+
   it('renders codex systemError and Claude error result variants', () => {
     const codex = unhandledProviderFrameJournalItem('codex', 'notification:thread/status/changed', {
       threadId: 'thread-1',
diff --git a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/unhandled-provider-frame.ts b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/unhandled-provider-frame.ts
index 32d2e32809c..c81137342d9 100644
--- a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/unhandled-provider-frame.ts
+++ b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/unhandled-provider-frame.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import { classifyProviderFrame } from './provider-frame-disposition'
 export type UnhandledProviderFrameJournalItem = {
   body: AgentJournalStatusItem
   blobs: { digest: string; payload: string }[]
+  /** Why the frame surfaced. Error frames are exempt from generic-row caps. */
+  classification: 'timeline-substantive' | 'error-surface'
 }
 
 function serializeProviderPayload(payload: unknown): string {
@@ -85,6 +87,7 @@ export function unhandledProviderFrameJournalItem(
       text: display?.text ?? `${provider} · ${kind}`,
       providerFrame: { provider, kind, payload: bounded }
     },
-    blobs: bounded.truncated ? [{ digest: bounded.digest, payload: serialized }] : []
+    blobs: bounded.truncated ? [{ digest: bounded.digest, payload: serialized }] : [],
+    classification: classification === 'error-surface' ? 'error-surface' : 'timeline-substantive'
   }
 }