diff --git a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-dispatch-echo.test.ts b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-dispatch-echo.test.ts
index c7eb43bf96f..1eeb8186ad9 100644
--- a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-dispatch-echo.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-dispatch-echo.test.ts
@@ -133,9 +133,9 @@ describe('the turn Codex answered a send into but has not opened', () => {
   it('is the turn the latest armed send was answered into', () => {
     const echoes = createCodexDispatchEchoes()
     echoes.arm('client-1')
-    echoes.bindTurn('client-1', 'thread-1', 'turn-1')
+    echoes.bindTurn('client-1', 'thread-1', 'turn-1', 'start')
     echoes.arm('client-2')
-    echoes.bindTurn('client-2', 'thread-1', 'turn-2')
+    echoes.bindTurn('client-2', 'thread-1', 'turn-2', 'start')
 
     expect(echoes.answeredUnopenedTurn('thread-1', NONE_OPEN)).toBe('turn-2')
   })
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ describe('the turn Codex answered a send into but has not opened', () => {
   it('is none once Codex opened that turn', () => {
     const echoes = createCodexDispatchEchoes()
     echoes.arm('client-1')
-    echoes.bindTurn('client-1', 'thread-1', 'turn-1')
+    echoes.bindTurn('client-1', 'thread-1', 'turn-1', 'start')
 
     expect(echoes.answeredUnopenedTurn('thread-1', new Set(['turn-1']))).toBeNull()
   })
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ describe('the turn Codex answered a send into but has not opened', () => {
   it('is none once that turn ended, even with its send still armed for an echo', () => {
     const echoes = createCodexDispatchEchoes()
     echoes.arm('client-1')
-    echoes.bindTurn('client-1', 'thread-1', 'turn-1')
+    echoes.bindTurn('client-1', 'thread-1', 'turn-1', 'start')
     // A completed end leaves its unechoed send armed.
     expect(echoes.endTurn('thread-1', 'turn-1', { status: 'completed' })).toEqual([])
 
@@ -161,9 +161,9 @@ describe('the turn Codex answered a send into but has not opened', () => {
   it('skips a turn a wait left unopened, and still names an earlier one', () => {
     const echoes = createCodexDispatchEchoes()
     echoes.arm('client-1')
-    echoes.bindTurn('client-1', 'thread-1', 'turn-1')
+    echoes.bindTurn('client-1', 'thread-1', 'turn-1', 'start')
     echoes.arm('client-2')
-    echoes.bindTurn('client-2', 'thread-1', 'turn-2')
+    echoes.bindTurn('client-2', 'thread-1', 'turn-2', 'start')
 
     echoes.leftUnopened('thread-1', 'turn-2')
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ describe('the turn Codex answered a send into but has not opened', () => {
     const echoes = createCodexDispatchEchoes()
     echoes.arm('client-1')
     echoes.arm('client-2')
-    echoes.bindTurn('client-2', 'thread-2', 'turn-2')
+    echoes.bindTurn('client-2', 'thread-2', 'turn-2', 'start')
 
     expect(echoes.answeredUnopenedTurn('thread-1', NONE_OPEN)).toBeNull()
   })
diff --git a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-dispatch-echo.ts b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-dispatch-echo.ts
index 775cac5bca4..e72cb3c63a9 100644
--- a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-dispatch-echo.ts
+++ b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-dispatch-echo.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 import type { ProviderDiagnostic } from '../../shared/agent-session-failure'
-import type { AgentJournalItemIdentity } from '../../shared/agent-session-journal-types'
+import type {
+  AgentJournalItemIdentity,
+  AgentJournalTurnJoin
+} from '../../shared/agent-session-journal-types'
 
 /** Sends awaiting their echo. One bound to a turn that ended without taking it settles from that
  *  end; any other whose echo never arrives is retired by the journal's recovery on exit. */
@@ -35,10 +38,15 @@ export type CodexDispatchEchoes = {
   /** Drops an armed send whose write never reached the provider. */
   disarm: (clientMessageId: string) => void
   /**
-   * Binds a send to the turn Codex answered it into. Returns that turn's end when the answer is
-   * read after it; a send that end settles is no longer armed.
+   * Binds a send to the turn Codex answered it into, and how it joined that turn. Returns that
+   * turn's end when the answer is read after it; a send that end settles is no longer armed.
    */
-  bindTurn: (clientMessageId: string, threadId: string, turnId: string) => CodexTurnEnd | null
+  bindTurn: (
+    clientMessageId: string,
+    threadId: string,
+    turnId: string,
+    via: AgentJournalTurnJoin
+  ) => CodexTurnEnd | null
   /** The turn the latest armed send was answered into that is neither in `openTurnIds`, ended, nor
    *  left unopened through a wait: one Codex has picked for the send but not opened. */
   answeredUnopenedTurn: (threadId: string, openTurnIds: ReadonlySet<string>) => string | null
@@ -49,7 +57,11 @@ export type CodexDispatchEchoes = {
    * completed, which echoes its pending input first, so one it never echoed waits for recovery. An
    * interrupt withdraws an un-echoed send, steered or the turn's own input: neither reached history.
    */
-  endTurn: (threadId: string, turnId: string, end: CodexTurnEnd) => string[]
+  endTurn: (
+    threadId: string,
+    turnId: string,
+    end: CodexTurnEnd
+  ) => { clientMessageId: string; via: AgentJournalTurnJoin }[]
   /** Submission origin for this exact send, retained until its echo settles it. */
   requestOrigin: (clientMessageId: string) => CodexDispatchRequestOrigin | null
   /** Highest causal sequence assigned to a dispatch in this session. */
@@ -61,7 +73,11 @@ export type CodexDispatchEchoes = {
 export function createCodexDispatchEchoes(): CodexDispatchEchoes {
   const armed = new Map<
     string,
-    { requestedAt: number | null; sequence: number; turn?: { threadId: string; turnId: string } }
+    {
+      requestedAt: number | null
+      sequence: number
+      turn?: { threadId: string; turnId: string; via: AgentJournalTurnJoin }
+    }
   >()
   const endedTurns = new Map<string, CodexTurnEnd>()
   const unopenedTurns = new Set<string>()
@@ -85,12 +101,12 @@ export function createCodexDispatchEchoes(): CodexDispatchEchoes {
     },
     settle: (clientMessageId) => armed.delete(clientMessageId),
     disarm: (clientMessageId) => void armed.delete(clientMessageId),
-    bindTurn: (clientMessageId, threadId, turnId) => {
+    bindTurn: (clientMessageId, threadId, turnId, via) => {
       const entry = armed.get(clientMessageId)
       if (!entry) {
         return null
       }
-      entry.turn = { threadId, turnId }
+      entry.turn = { threadId, turnId, via }
       const end = endedTurns.get(turnKey(threadId, turnId)) ?? null
       if (end && settles(end)) {
         armed.delete(clientMessageId)
@@ -132,10 +148,10 @@ export function createCodexDispatchEchoes(): CodexDispatchEchoes {
       }
       const settled = [...armed].flatMap(([clientMessageId, entry]) =>
         entry.turn && turnKey(entry.turn.threadId, entry.turn.turnId) === turn
-          ? [clientMessageId]
+          ? [{ clientMessageId, via: entry.turn.via }]
           : []
       )
-      for (const clientMessageId of settled) {
+      for (const { clientMessageId } of settled) {
         armed.delete(clientMessageId)
       }
       return settled
diff --git a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-session-state.ts b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-session-state.ts
index 277a2719673..4aa6485b1bf 100644
--- a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-session-state.ts
+++ b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-session-state.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type {
+  AgentJournalAnsweredTurnIdentity,
   AgentJournalItemIdentity,
   AgentSessionJournalIdentity
 } from '../../shared/agent-session-journal-types'
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ export type CodexStructuredSessionAdapterDeps = {
       | { providerIdentity: AgentJournalItemIdentity }
       | ({
           state: 'rejected'
-          answeredInTurn: AgentJournalItemIdentity
+          answeredInTurn: AgentJournalAnsweredTurnIdentity
         } & AgentJournalDispatchRejection)
     )
   ) => void
diff --git a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-turn-end-settlement.test.ts b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-turn-end-settlement.test.ts
index ccb9fa7ba45..2b6542a4333 100644
--- a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-turn-end-settlement.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-turn-end-settlement.test.ts
@@ -317,7 +317,10 @@ describe('the turn a withdrawn Codex send names', () => {
     expect(rig.turnRecords.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
     expect(new Set(rig.turnRecords.map(agentJournalItemKey)).size).toBe(1)
     expect(rig.settlements).toEqual([
-      expect.objectContaining({ clientMessageId: 'client-1', answeredInTurn: rig.turnRecords[0] })
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        clientMessageId: 'client-1',
+        answeredInTurn: { turn: rig.turnRecords[0], via: 'start' }
+      })
     ])
   })
 
@@ -329,8 +332,14 @@ describe('the turn a withdrawn Codex send names', () => {
     rig.turns.end('interrupted')
 
     expect(rig.settlements.map((settlement) => [settlement.clientMessageId, settlement])).toEqual([
-      ['client-1', expect.objectContaining({ answeredInTurn: rig.turnRecords[0] })],
-      ['client-2', expect.objectContaining({ answeredInTurn: rig.turnRecords[0] })]
+      [
+        'client-1',
+        expect.objectContaining({ answeredInTurn: { turn: rig.turnRecords[0], via: 'start' } })
+      ],
+      [
+        'client-2',
+        expect.objectContaining({ answeredInTurn: { turn: rig.turnRecords[0], via: 'steer' } })
+      ]
     ])
   })
 
@@ -345,7 +354,7 @@ describe('the turn a withdrawn Codex send names', () => {
 
     await expect(sending).resolves.toMatchObject({
       state: 'rejected',
-      answeredInTurn: rig.turnRecords[0]
+      answeredInTurn: { turn: rig.turnRecords[0], via: 'start' }
     })
   })
 
@@ -369,9 +378,11 @@ describe('a send bound to a turn', () => {
   it('dies with the settlement its turn end makes', () => {
     const echoes = createCodexDispatchEchoes()
     echoes.arm('client-1')
-    echoes.bindTurn('client-1', 'thread-1', 'turn-1')
+    echoes.bindTurn('client-1', 'thread-1', 'turn-1', 'start')
 
-    expect(echoes.endTurn('thread-1', 'turn-1', { status: 'interrupted' })).toEqual(['client-1'])
+    expect(echoes.endTurn('thread-1', 'turn-1', { status: 'interrupted' })).toEqual([
+      { clientMessageId: 'client-1', via: 'start' }
+    ])
     expect(echoes.size).toBe(0)
     expect(echoes.settle('client-1')).toBe(false)
   })
@@ -379,20 +390,20 @@ describe('a send bound to a turn', () => {
   it('dies with its child, which forgets recorded turn ends too', () => {
     const echoes = createCodexDispatchEchoes()
     echoes.arm('client-1')
-    echoes.bindTurn('client-1', 'thread-1', 'turn-1')
+    echoes.bindTurn('client-1', 'thread-1', 'turn-1', 'start')
     echoes.endTurn('thread-2', 'turn-2', { status: 'interrupted' })
 
     echoes.clear()
 
     expect(echoes.size).toBe(0)
     echoes.arm('client-2')
-    expect(echoes.bindTurn('client-2', 'thread-2', 'turn-2')).toBeNull()
+    expect(echoes.bindTurn('client-2', 'thread-2', 'turn-2', 'start')).toBeNull()
   })
 
   it('is matched by thread as well as turn id', () => {
     const echoes = createCodexDispatchEchoes()
     echoes.arm('client-1')
-    echoes.bindTurn('client-1', 'thread-1', 'turn-1')
+    echoes.bindTurn('client-1', 'thread-1', 'turn-1', 'start')
 
     expect(echoes.endTurn('thread-2', 'turn-1', { status: 'interrupted' })).toEqual([])
     expect(echoes.size).toBe(1)
diff --git a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-turn-end-settlement.ts b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-turn-end-settlement.ts
index 931f4d41a70..376d9adb6e1 100644
--- a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-turn-end-settlement.ts
+++ b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-turn-end-settlement.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import {
   agentSessionFailureWords,
   type AgentJournalDispatchRejection
 } from '../../shared/agent-session-failure-words'
-import type { AgentJournalItemIdentity } from '../../shared/agent-session-journal-types'
+import type { AgentJournalAnsweredTurnIdentity } from '../../shared/agent-session-journal-types'
 import type { CodexTurnEnd } from './codex-structured-dispatch-echo'
 import { codexTurnLifecycleIdentity } from './codex-structured-journal-translation-turns'
 import type { CodexSession } from './codex-structured-session-state'
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ export function codexDispatchRejection(
 export type CodexTurnEndSettlement = {
   clientMessageId: string
   state: 'rejected'
-  /** The turn Codex answered the send into, whose end settled it. */
-  answeredInTurn: AgentJournalItemIdentity
+  /** The turn Codex answered the send into, whose end settled it, and how the send joined it. */
+  answeredInTurn: AgentJournalAnsweredTurnIdentity
 } & AgentJournalDispatchRejection
 
 function errorDetail(params: unknown): ProviderDiagnostic | undefined {
@@ -97,10 +97,14 @@ export function settleCodexSendsInEndedTurn(
     return
   }
   const rejection = codexTurnEndRejection(end)
-  const answeredInTurn = codexTurnLifecycleIdentity(frame.sessionId, turnId)
-  for (const clientMessageId of session.dispatchEchoes.endTurn(session.threadId, turnId, end)) {
+  const turn = codexTurnLifecycleIdentity(frame.sessionId, turnId)
+  for (const { clientMessageId, via } of session.dispatchEchoes.endTurn(
+    session.threadId,
+    turnId,
+    end
+  )) {
     if (rejection) {
-      settle({ clientMessageId, state: 'rejected', answeredInTurn, ...rejection })
+      settle({ clientMessageId, state: 'rejected', answeredInTurn: { turn, via }, ...rejection })
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-turn-start.ts b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-turn-start.ts
index 0aace8ee54b..271def87607 100644
--- a/src/main/codex/codex-structured-turn-start.ts
+++ b/src/main/codex/codex-structured-turn-start.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 import { agentSessionFailureFact, providerDiagnosticOf } from '../../shared/agent-session-failure'
-import type { AgentJournalMessageItem } from '../../shared/agent-session-journal-types'
+import type {
+  AgentJournalMessageItem,
+  AgentJournalTurnJoin
+} from '../../shared/agent-session-journal-types'
 import type { NativeChatBlock } from '../../shared/native-chat-types'
 import type { AgentSessionDispatchOutcome } from '../native-chat/agent-session-wire/structured-agent-session-adapter'
 import {
@@ -108,7 +111,7 @@ async function steerCodexTurn(
   host: CodexTurnHost,
   expectedTurnId: string,
   input: { clientMessageId: string; body: AgentJournalMessageItem; timeoutMs?: number }
-): Promise<{ turnId: string } | null> {
+): Promise<{ turnId: string; via: 'steer' } | null> {
   try {
     const answer = await host.connection.request(
       'turn/steer',
@@ -120,7 +123,7 @@ async function steerCodexTurn(
       },
       { timeoutMs: input.timeoutMs }
     )
-    return { turnId: readCodexTurnId(answer) ?? expectedTurnId }
+    return { turnId: readCodexTurnId(answer) ?? expectedTurnId, via: 'steer' }
   } catch (error) {
     if (isCodexAppServerRequestError(error) || isCodexAppServerUnsupportedError(error)) {
       return null
@@ -142,7 +145,7 @@ export async function startCodexTurn(
     requestedAt?: number
     timeoutMs?: number
   }
-): Promise<{ turnId: string | null } | false> {
+): Promise<{ turnId: string | null; via: AgentJournalTurnJoin } | false> {
   // Armed before the write: the echo and `turn/started` can both land while the
   // response is in flight, and the start must snapshot this send in its frontier.
   if (!host.dispatchEchoes.arm(input.clientMessageId, input.requestedAt)) {
@@ -168,7 +171,7 @@ export async function startCodexTurn(
     },
     { timeoutMs: input.timeoutMs }
   )
-  return { turnId: readCodexTurnId(answer) }
+  return { turnId: readCodexTurnId(answer), via: 'start' }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -187,7 +190,7 @@ export async function dispatchCodexTurn(
   },
   timeoutMs: number | undefined
 ): Promise<AgentSessionDispatchOutcome> {
-  let answer: { turnId: string | null } | false
+  let answer: { turnId: string | null; via: AgentJournalTurnJoin } | false
   try {
     answer = await startCodexTurn(session, { ...input, timeoutMs })
   } catch (error) {
@@ -211,13 +214,21 @@ export async function dispatchCodexTurn(
   }
   // An answer read after the turn it names already ended is settled by that end.
   const endedFirst = answer.turnId
-    ? session.dispatchEchoes.bindTurn(input.clientMessageId, session.threadId, answer.turnId)
+    ? session.dispatchEchoes.bindTurn(
+        input.clientMessageId,
+        session.threadId,
+        answer.turnId,
+        answer.via
+      )
     : null
   const rejection = endedFirst ? codexTurnEndRejection(endedFirst) : null
   return rejection && answer.turnId
     ? {
         state: 'rejected',
-        answeredInTurn: codexTurnLifecycleIdentity(input.sessionId, answer.turnId),
+        answeredInTurn: {
+          turn: codexTurnLifecycleIdentity(input.sessionId, answer.turnId),
+          via: answer.via
+        },
         ...rejection
       }
     : { state: 'admitted' }
diff --git a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-dispatch-reducer.ts b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-dispatch-reducer.ts
index c2f7d45327a..b19fa2f1ce9 100644
--- a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-dispatch-reducer.ts
+++ b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-dispatch-reducer.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   type UnreadAgentSessionFailureFact
 } from '../../../shared/agent-session-failure'
 import { agentJournalSubmissionKey } from '../../../shared/agent-session-journal-item-key'
+import type { AgentJournalAnsweredTurn } from '../../../shared/agent-session-journal-types'
 import { journalDispatchRowApplies } from './journal-dispatch-settlement'
 import type { JournalReducerState } from './journal-reducer'
 import {
@@ -34,14 +35,11 @@ export function applyJournalDispatchRow(
   } else {
     delete submission.rejection
   }
-  if (
-    row.state === 'rejected' &&
-    typeof row.answeredInTurnItemId === 'string' &&
-    row.answeredInTurnItemId
-  ) {
-    submission.answeredInTurnItemId = row.answeredInTurnItemId
+  const answeredInTurn = row.state === 'rejected' ? readAnsweredTurn(row.answeredInTurn) : undefined
+  if (answeredInTurn) {
+    submission.answeredInTurn = answeredInTurn
   } else {
-    delete submission.answeredInTurnItemId
+    delete submission.answeredInTurn
   }
   submission.resolvedAt = row.state === 'pending' ? null : row.ts
   if (row.state === 'pending') {
@@ -70,6 +68,19 @@ export function applyJournalDispatchRow(
   })
 }
 
+/** A stored answered turn; one malformed, or naming a way of joining this build does not know, is
+ *  dropped, never the row. */
+function readAnsweredTurn(value: unknown): AgentJournalAnsweredTurn | undefined {
+  if (typeof value !== 'object' || value === null) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+  const turnItemId = 'turnItemId' in value ? value.turnItemId : undefined
+  const via = 'via' in value ? value.via : undefined
+  return typeof turnItemId === 'string' && turnItemId && (via === 'start' || via === 'steer')
+    ? { turnItemId, via }
+    : undefined
+}
+
 /** A stored rejection fact, read where it can be placed; a kind it cannot place is kept as
  *  written, so the classifier still knows a fact was there without this build claiming what it
  *  says. Shared with the queued-draft table, whose returned card mirrors its submission. */
diff --git a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-row-builders.ts b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-row-builders.ts
index 6873db0fd46..4484f26a93f 100644
--- a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-row-builders.ts
+++ b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-row-builders.ts
@@ -111,7 +111,12 @@ export function journalDispatchRowBuilder(
     reason: boundedDispatchReason(input),
     ...(input.state === 'rejected' ? { rejection: input.rejection } : {}),
     ...(input.state === 'rejected' && input.answeredInTurn
-      ? { answeredInTurnItemId: agentJournalItemKey(input.answeredInTurn) }
+      ? {
+          answeredInTurn: {
+            turnItemId: agentJournalItemKey(input.answeredInTurn.turn),
+            via: input.answeredInTurn.via
+          }
+        }
       : {}),
     ...journalRowBase(state().epoch, seq, input.fence, ts),
     ...(input.recovered ? { recovered: input.recovered } : {}),
diff --git a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-row-schema.ts b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-row-schema.ts
index 194290542d9..4957bd846be 100644
--- a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-row-schema.ts
+++ b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-row-schema.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 import type { AgentSessionFailureFact } from '../../../shared/agent-session-failure'
 import {
   AGENT_SESSION_JOURNAL_SCHEMA_VERSION,
+  type AgentJournalAnsweredTurn,
   type AgentJournalDispatchState,
   type AgentJournalItemBody,
   type AgentJournalMessageItem,
@@ -150,10 +151,10 @@ export type JournalDispatchRow = JournalRowBase & {
   /** On `rejected`: why, typed. Older readers keep the key and ignore it; a malformed one is
    *  dropped when read, never the row. */
   rejection?: AgentSessionFailureFact
-  /** On `rejected`: the turn record a Codex send was answered into (`turn/start` or `turn/steer`)
-   *  when that turn's end settled the send. Absent on every other row. Older readers keep the key
-   *  and ignore it. */
-  answeredInTurnItemId?: string
+  /** On `rejected`: the turn a Codex send was answered into, and how it joined it, when that
+   *  turn's end settled the send. Absent on every other row. Older readers keep the key and ignore
+   *  it; a malformed one is dropped when read, never the row. */
+  answeredInTurn?: AgentJournalAnsweredTurn
 }
 
 /** An item mutation may name its own producer, because one batch can CREATE
diff --git a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-store-contracts.ts b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-store-contracts.ts
index b2d2914b318..4232e805bbe 100644
--- a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-store-contracts.ts
+++ b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-store-contracts.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { AgentJournalDispatchRejection } from '../../../shared/agent-session-failure-words'
 import type {
+  AgentJournalAnsweredTurnIdentity,
   AgentJournalCursor,
   AgentJournalItemBody,
   AgentJournalItemIdentity,
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ export type ResolveDispatchInput = {
      *  `agentSessionFailureWords`, never written by hand. */
     | ({
         state: 'rejected'
-        answeredInTurn?: AgentJournalItemIdentity
+        answeredInTurn?: AgentJournalAnsweredTurnIdentity
       } & AgentJournalDispatchRejection)
     | { state: 'unknown'; reason?: string | null }
   )
diff --git a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-submission-positions.test.ts b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-submission-positions.test.ts
index 31cfee3a25c..2ad8953ea03 100644
--- a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-submission-positions.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-submission-positions.test.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ async function sendWithdrawnByItsTurnEnd() {
     clientMessageId: 'send-1',
     state: 'rejected',
     ...agentSessionFailureWords(agentSessionFailureFact('cancelled'), { surface: 'rejection' }),
-    answeredInTurn: TURN,
+    answeredInTurn: { turn: TURN, via: 'start' },
     fence: 1
   })
   return journal
@@ -107,23 +107,25 @@ describe('the turn a rejected submission was answered into', () => {
 
     expect(journal.submission('send-1')).toMatchObject({
       dispatchState: 'rejected',
-      answeredInTurnItemId: turnItemId
+      answeredInTurn: { turnItemId, via: 'start' }
     })
     expect(readAgentSessionHydrationPage(journal).submissions).toEqual([
-      expect.objectContaining({ answeredInTurnItemId: turnItemId })
+      expect.objectContaining({ answeredInTurn: { turnItemId, via: 'start' } })
     ])
     await journals.closeAll()
     const replayed = await journals.open({ identity: IDENTITY, stateDirectory: root! })
-    expect(replayed.submission('send-1')).toMatchObject({ answeredInTurnItemId: turnItemId })
+    expect(replayed.submission('send-1')).toMatchObject({
+      answeredInTurn: { turnItemId, via: 'start' }
+    })
   })
 
   it('is absent on a take-back that names no turn, as on rows from older hosts', async () => {
     const { journal } = await sendHandedOverThenWithdrawn()
 
     expect(journal.submission('send-1')).toMatchObject({ dispatchState: 'rejected' })
-    expect(journal.submission('send-1')).not.toHaveProperty('answeredInTurnItemId')
+    expect(journal.submission('send-1')).not.toHaveProperty('answeredInTurn')
     expect(readAgentSessionHydrationPage(journal).submissions[0]).not.toHaveProperty(
-      'answeredInTurnItemId'
+      'answeredInTurn'
     )
   })
 })
diff --git a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/structured-agent-session-adapter.ts b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/structured-agent-session-adapter.ts
index 2aacb4d9633..d08bf45b8d3 100644
--- a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/structured-agent-session-adapter.ts
+++ b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/structured-agent-session-adapter.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import type {
 
 import type { AgentSessionBackgroundTaskStops } from '../../../shared/agent-child-work-stop-targets'
 import type {
+  AgentJournalAnsweredTurnIdentity,
   AgentJournalItemIdentity,
   AgentJournalItemBody,
   AgentJournalMessageItem,
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ export type AgentSessionDispatchOutcome =
    *  provider answered the send into, which ended before the answer was read. */
   | ({
       state: 'rejected'
-      answeredInTurn?: AgentJournalItemIdentity
+      answeredInTurn?: AgentJournalAnsweredTurnIdentity
     } & AgentJournalDispatchRejection)
   /** The call did not settle. Never re-send on the user's behalf. */
   | { state: 'unknown'; reason: string }
diff --git a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/structured-agent-session-late-dispatch.ts b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/structured-agent-session-late-dispatch.ts
index 4384d5fd561..3d38494fea9 100644
--- a/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/structured-agent-session-late-dispatch.ts
+++ b/src/main/native-chat/agent-session-wire/structured-agent-session-late-dispatch.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-import type { AgentJournalItemIdentity } from '../../../shared/agent-session-journal-types'
+import type {
+  AgentJournalAnsweredTurnIdentity,
+  AgentJournalItemIdentity
+} from '../../../shared/agent-session-journal-types'
 import type { AgentJournalDispatchRejection } from '../../../shared/agent-session-failure-words'
 import type { StructuredAgentSessionMutationContext } from './structured-agent-session-host-mutations'
 import { structuredAgentSessionConversationFence } from './structured-agent-session-provider-child'
@@ -14,7 +17,7 @@ export async function settleStructuredAgentSessionLateDispatch(
     | { providerIdentity: AgentJournalItemIdentity }
     | ({
         state: 'rejected'
-        answeredInTurn?: AgentJournalItemIdentity
+        answeredInTurn?: AgentJournalAnsweredTurnIdentity
       } & AgentJournalDispatchRejection)
     | { state: 'unknown'; reason: string }
   )
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/structured-agent-session-codex-turn-end-settlement.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/structured-agent-session-codex-turn-end-settlement.test.ts
index ccc922a70e5..0cd0570b83d 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/structured-agent-session-codex-turn-end-settlement.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/structured-agent-session-codex-turn-end-settlement.test.ts
@@ -317,12 +317,12 @@ describe('the turn a withdrawn Codex send was answered into', () => {
         item.body.kind === 'turn' ? [item.itemId] : []
       ),
       named: snapshot.submissions.find((entry) => entry.clientMessageId === clientMessageId)
-        ?.answeredInTurnItemId,
-      onPage: onPage?.answeredInTurnItemId
+        ?.answeredInTurn,
+      onPage: onPage?.answeredInTurn
     }
   }
 
-  it("is that turn's record, for the send that opened it and for one steered into it", async () => {
+  it("is that turn's record, started by the send that opened it and steered by a later one", async () => {
     const opening = await send('look around')
     await vi.waitFor(() => expect(answers).toBe(1))
     turns.start()
@@ -336,13 +336,13 @@ describe('the turn a withdrawn Codex send was answered into', () => {
 
     const { turnRecords } = await answeredInto(opening)
     expect(turnRecords).toHaveLength(1)
-    expect(await answeredInto(opening)).toMatchObject({
-      named: turnRecords[0],
-      onPage: turnRecords[0]
-    })
-    expect(await answeredInto(steered)).toMatchObject({
-      named: turnRecords[0],
-      onPage: turnRecords[0]
+    const started = { turnItemId: turnRecords[0], via: 'start' }
+    const steeredIn = { turnItemId: turnRecords[0], via: 'steer' }
+    expect(await answeredInto(opening)).toEqual({ turnRecords, named: started, onPage: started })
+    expect(await answeredInto(steered)).toEqual({
+      turnRecords,
+      named: steeredIn,
+      onPage: steeredIn
     })
   })
 
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ describe('the turn a withdrawn Codex send was answered into', () => {
     )
     const { turnRecords, named } = await answeredInto(sent)
     expect(turnRecords).toHaveLength(1)
-    expect(named).toBe(turnRecords[0])
+    expect(named).toEqual({ turnItemId: turnRecords[0], via: 'start' })
   })
 })
 
diff --git a/src/shared/agent-session-journal-schemas.ts b/src/shared/agent-session-journal-schemas.ts
index 00d88b74de5..7a21d5816a2 100644
--- a/src/shared/agent-session-journal-schemas.ts
+++ b/src/shared/agent-session-journal-schemas.ts
@@ -319,7 +319,8 @@ export const AgentJournalSubmissionSchema = z.object({
   submittedAt: z.number(),
   resolvedAt: z.number().nullable(),
   submittedSequence: z.number().int().optional(),
-  answeredInTurnItemId: z.string().min(1).optional(),
+  // Open like `dispatchState`: a way of joining a newer host names must not drop the submission.
+  answeredInTurn: z.object({ turnItemId: z.string().min(1), via: z.string().min(1) }).optional(),
   recovered: z.literal(true).optional(),
   handoverRecorded: z.literal(true).optional(),
   handedOverAt: z.number().optional(),
diff --git a/src/shared/agent-session-journal-types.ts b/src/shared/agent-session-journal-types.ts
index 4e21ee5f2e8..b6b33950de4 100644
--- a/src/shared/agent-session-journal-types.ts
+++ b/src/shared/agent-session-journal-types.ts
@@ -391,6 +391,18 @@ export type AgentJournalRenderItem = AgentJournalProducerLinkage & {
 
 // ─── Submissions ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+/** The turn a send was answered into: its record's item id, and how the send joined it. `start`:
+ *  the provider answered the send's start request with that turn; `steer`: Orca steered it into
+ *  that running turn. Known limit: a start the provider silently folds into a running turn reads
+ *  as `start`. Open: a newer host may name another way, which a reader leaves unclaimed. */
+export type AgentJournalAnsweredTurn = { turnItemId: string; via: AgentJournalTurnJoin }
+export type AgentJournalTurnJoin = 'start' | 'steer'
+/** The same, as a writer names it: the turn record's identity, keyed when the row is written. */
+export type AgentJournalAnsweredTurnIdentity = {
+  turn: AgentJournalItemIdentity
+  via: AgentJournalTurnJoin
+}
+
 export const AGENT_JOURNAL_DISPATCH_STATES = ['pending', 'accepted', 'rejected', 'unknown'] as const
 export type AgentJournalDispatchState = (typeof AGENT_JOURNAL_DISPATCH_STATES)[number]
 
@@ -415,10 +427,10 @@ export type AgentJournalSubmission = {
    *  never stored. Needed because a rejected send's own row moves to its rejection, which erases
    *  where it was sent. Absent from hosts that predate it. */
   submittedSequence?: number
-  /** On `rejected`: the item id of the turn record a Codex send was answered into, when that turn
-   *  ended without taking it. Absent on every other send: accepted ones (the echo places them),
-   *  Claude, queued take-backs, restart recovery, and rows from hosts that predate it. */
-  answeredInTurnItemId?: string
+  /** On `rejected`: the turn a Codex send was answered into, when that turn ended without taking
+   *  it. Absent on every other send: accepted ones (the echo places them), Claude, queued
+   *  take-backs, restart recovery, and rows from hosts that predate it. */
+  answeredInTurn?: AgentJournalAnsweredTurn
   /** Set when crash reconciliation resolved the dispatch, not the provider. A live
    *  `unknown` is a send still outstanding; a recovered one outlived its writer. */
   recovered?: true
diff --git a/tests/e2e/cross-version-wire/submission-positions-downgrade.unit.test.ts b/tests/e2e/cross-version-wire/submission-positions-downgrade.unit.test.ts
index 46ddf9715de..5265cfb1af9 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/cross-version-wire/submission-positions-downgrade.unit.test.ts
+++ b/tests/e2e/cross-version-wire/submission-positions-downgrade.unit.test.ts
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ function withoutPosition(page: AgentSessionHistoryPage): AgentSessionHistoryPage
   return {
     ...page,
     submissions: page.submissions.map(
-      ({ submittedSequence: _submitted, answeredInTurnItemId: _turn, ...rest }) => rest
+      ({ submittedSequence: _submitted, answeredInTurn: _turn, ...rest }) => rest
     )
   }
 }
@@ -78,10 +78,13 @@ test('a released client folds and draws a page whose submissions carry their jou
       state: 'rejected',
       ...agentSessionFailureWords(agentSessionFailureFact('cancelled'), { surface: 'rejection' }),
       answeredInTurn: {
-        provider: 'legacy',
-        agent: 'codex',
-        sessionId: IDENTITY.sessionId,
-        recordId: 'turn-lifecycle:turn-1'
+        turn: {
+          provider: 'legacy',
+          agent: 'codex',
+          sessionId: IDENTITY.sessionId,
+          recordId: 'turn-lifecycle:turn-1'
+        },
+        via: 'start'
       },
       fence: 1
     })
@@ -93,7 +96,9 @@ test('a released client folds and draws a page whose submissions carry their jou
       })
     )
     expect(page.submissions.find((entry) => entry.clientMessageId === 'turn-ended')).toEqual(
-      expect.objectContaining({ answeredInTurnItemId: expect.any(String) })
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        answeredInTurn: { turnItemId: expect.any(String), via: 'start' }
+      })
     )
 
     const checkout = await materializeReleaseCheckout(BASELINE_REF)
@@ -117,7 +122,7 @@ test('a released client folds and draws a page whose submissions carry their jou
       const state = reduce(empty, { type: 'history-page', page: from })
       return {
         submissions: state.submissions.map(
-          ({ submittedSequence: _s, answeredInTurnItemId: _t, ...rest }) => rest
+          ({ submittedSequence: _s, answeredInTurn: _t, ...rest }) => rest
         ),
         messages: project(state.items, [], state.submissions)
       }