From b60341ff0ce440bec93cb69180a824cdbed1f8a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Neil <4138956+nwparker@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 20:45:23 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] Revert "fix: prevent terminal reset when splitting tab
 groups" (#403)

---
 src/renderer/src/App.tsx                      |  27 +-
 src/renderer/src/components/Terminal.tsx      | 198 ++++--------
 .../src/components/editor/EditorPanel.tsx     |  61 +---
 .../src/components/editor/MonacoEditor.tsx    |   5 -
 .../editor/editor-autosave-controller.ts      |   1 -
 .../src/components/tab-bar/EditorFileTab.tsx  |  33 +-
 .../src/components/tab-bar/SortableTab.tsx    |  31 +-
 .../src/components/tab-bar/TabBar.tsx         |   8 +-
 .../components/tab-group/TabGroupPanel.tsx    | 286 ------------------
 .../tab-group/TabGroupSplitLayout.tsx         | 111 -------
 .../components/terminal-pane/TerminalPane.tsx |  17 +-
 .../terminal-pane/pty-connection.ts           |   7 +-
 .../use-terminal-pane-global-effects.ts       |  31 +-
 .../use-terminal-pane-lifecycle.ts            |   3 -
 src/renderer/src/store/slices/editor.ts       |  66 +---
 .../src/store/slices/tab-group-layout-ops.ts  | 108 -------
 .../src/store/slices/tabs-bulk-actions.ts     | 115 -------
 src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-helpers.ts |  21 +-
 .../src/store/slices/tabs-hydration.ts        |  42 +--
 .../src/store/slices/tabs-split-actions.ts    | 176 -----------
 src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs.test.ts    |   3 +-
 src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs.ts         | 182 ++++++-----
 src/renderer/src/store/slices/terminals.ts    |   6 +-
 src/shared/types.ts                           |  17 --
 24 files changed, 219 insertions(+), 1336 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/renderer/src/components/tab-group/TabGroupPanel.tsx
 delete mode 100644 src/renderer/src/components/tab-group/TabGroupSplitLayout.tsx
 delete mode 100644 src/renderer/src/store/slices/tab-group-layout-ops.ts
 delete mode 100644 src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-bulk-actions.ts
 delete mode 100644 src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-split-actions.ts

diff --git a/src/renderer/src/App.tsx b/src/renderer/src/App.tsx
index cfcf61e90a0..4fa2418fa50 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/App.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/App.tsx
@@ -100,7 +100,6 @@ function App(): React.JSX.Element {
   const refreshAllGitHub = useAppStore((s) => s.refreshAllGitHub)
   const hydrateWorkspaceSession = useAppStore((s) => s.hydrateWorkspaceSession)
   const hydrateEditorSession = useAppStore((s) => s.hydrateEditorSession)
-  const hydrateTabsSession = useAppStore((s) => s.hydrateTabsSession)
   const reconnectPersistedTerminals = useAppStore((s) => s.reconnectPersistedTerminals)
   const hydratePersistedUI = useAppStore((s) => s.hydratePersistedUI)
   const openModal = useAppStore((s) => s.openModal)
@@ -119,10 +118,6 @@ function App(): React.JSX.Element {
   const activeTabTypeByWorktree = useAppStore((s) => s.activeTabTypeByWorktree)
   const activeTabIdByWorktree = useAppStore((s) => s.activeTabIdByWorktree)
 
-  // Unified tab state for session persistence and titlebar hiding
-  const unifiedTabsByWorktree = useAppStore((s) => s.unifiedTabsByWorktree)
-  const groupsByWorktree = useAppStore((s) => s.groupsByWorktree)
-  const layoutByWorktree = useAppStore((s) => s.layoutByWorktree)
   // Right sidebar + editor state
   const toggleRightSidebar = useAppStore((s) => s.toggleRightSidebar)
   const rightSidebarOpen = useAppStore((s) => s.rightSidebarOpen)
@@ -161,7 +156,6 @@ function App(): React.JSX.Element {
           hydratePersistedUI(persistedUI)
           hydrateWorkspaceSession(session)
           hydrateEditorSession(session)
-          hydrateTabsSession(session)
           await reconnectPersistedTerminals(abortController.signal)
           syncZoomCSSVar()
         }
@@ -212,7 +206,6 @@ function App(): React.JSX.Element {
     hydratePersistedUI,
     hydrateWorkspaceSession,
     hydrateEditorSession,
-    hydrateTabsSession,
     reconnectPersistedTerminals
   ])
 
@@ -251,10 +244,7 @@ function App(): React.JSX.Element {
         terminalLayoutsByTabId,
         activeWorktreeIdsOnShutdown,
         activeTabIdByWorktree,
-        ...buildEditorSessionData(openFiles, activeFileIdByWorktree, activeTabTypeByWorktree),
-        unifiedTabs: unifiedTabsByWorktree,
-        tabGroups: groupsByWorktree,
-        tabGroupLayouts: layoutByWorktree
+        ...buildEditorSessionData(openFiles, activeFileIdByWorktree, activeTabTypeByWorktree)
       })
     }, 150)
 
@@ -269,10 +259,7 @@ function App(): React.JSX.Element {
     openFiles,
     activeFileIdByWorktree,
     activeTabTypeByWorktree,
-    activeTabIdByWorktree,
-    unifiedTabsByWorktree,
-    groupsByWorktree,
-    layoutByWorktree
+    activeTabIdByWorktree
   ])
 
   // On shutdown, capture terminal scrollback buffers and flush to disk.
@@ -305,10 +292,7 @@ function App(): React.JSX.Element {
           state.openFiles,
           state.activeFileIdByWorktree,
           state.activeTabTypeByWorktree
-        ),
-        unifiedTabs: state.unifiedTabsByWorktree,
-        tabGroups: state.groupsByWorktree,
-        tabGroupLayouts: state.layoutByWorktree
+        )
       })
     }
     window.addEventListener('beforeunload', captureAndFlush)
@@ -549,10 +533,7 @@ function App(): React.JSX.Element {
         </div>
         {/* Why: portal target for the TabBar rendered by Terminal.tsx.
             Hidden when tabs should not be visible (settings view, no active worktree)
-            so the portal content does not leak through. When splits are active,
-            Terminal.tsx skips the portal so the div stays empty, but it must
-            remain visible as a flex-1 spacer to keep the right sidebar toggle
-            pushed to the far right. */}
+            so the portal content does not leak through. */}
         <div
           id="titlebar-tabs"
           className={`flex flex-1 min-w-0 self-stretch${activeView === 'settings' || !activeWorktreeId ? ' hidden' : ''}`}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/Terminal.tsx b/src/renderer/src/components/Terminal.tsx
index b02f91907a0..2d1af8fd948 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/Terminal.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/Terminal.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* eslint-disable max-lines */
 
-import { useEffect, useCallback, useRef, useState } from 'react'
+import { useEffect, useCallback, useRef, useState, lazy, Suspense } from 'react'
 import { createPortal } from 'react-dom'
 import { TOGGLE_TERMINAL_PANE_EXPAND_EVENT } from '@/constants/terminal'
 import { useAppStore } from '../store'
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import {
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
 import TabBar from './tab-bar/TabBar'
 import TerminalPane from './terminal-pane/TerminalPane'
-import TabGroupSplitLayout from './tab-group/TabGroupSplitLayout'
 import {
   ORCA_EDITOR_SAVE_AND_CLOSE_EVENT,
   requestEditorSaveQuiesce
@@ -23,9 +22,11 @@ import {
 import { isUpdaterQuitAndInstallInProgress } from '@/lib/updater-beforeunload'
 import EditorAutosaveController from './editor/EditorAutosaveController'
 
+const EditorPanel = lazy(() => import('./editor/EditorPanel'))
+
 export default function Terminal(): React.JSX.Element | null {
   const activeWorktreeId = useAppStore((s) => s.activeWorktreeId)
-
+  const activeView = useAppStore((s) => s.activeView)
   const worktreesByRepo = useAppStore((s) => s.worktreesByRepo)
   const tabsByWorktree = useAppStore((s) => s.tabsByWorktree)
   const activeTabId = useAppStore((s) => s.activeTabId)
@@ -52,18 +53,6 @@ export default function Terminal(): React.JSX.Element | null {
   const tabBarOrderByWorktree = useAppStore((s) => s.tabBarOrderByWorktree)
   const tabBarOrder = activeWorktreeId ? tabBarOrderByWorktree[activeWorktreeId] : undefined
 
-  // Tab group split state
-  const layout = useAppStore((s) =>
-    activeWorktreeId ? s.layoutByWorktree[activeWorktreeId] : undefined
-  )
-  const hasSplitGroups = layout?.type === 'split'
-  const focusedGroupId = useAppStore((s) =>
-    activeWorktreeId ? s.activeGroupIdByWorktree[activeWorktreeId] : undefined
-  )
-  const splitTabToGroup = useAppStore((s) => s.splitTabToGroup)
-  const createUnifiedTab = useAppStore((s) => s.createUnifiedTab)
-  const closeUnifiedTab = useAppStore((s) => s.closeUnifiedTab)
-
   const tabs = activeWorktreeId ? (tabsByWorktree[activeWorktreeId] ?? []) : []
   const allWorktrees = Object.values(worktreesByRepo).flat()
 
@@ -96,9 +85,8 @@ export default function Terminal(): React.JSX.Element | null {
         return
       }
       closeFile(fileId)
-      closeUnifiedTab(fileId)
     },
-    [closeFile, closeUnifiedTab]
+    [closeFile]
   )
 
   const handleSaveDialogSave = useCallback(async () => {
@@ -129,9 +117,8 @@ export default function Terminal(): React.JSX.Element | null {
     await requestEditorSaveQuiesce({ fileId: saveDialogFileId })
     markFileDirty(saveDialogFileId, false)
     closeFile(saveDialogFileId)
-    closeUnifiedTab(saveDialogFileId)
     setSaveDialogFileId(null)
-  }, [saveDialogFileId, closeFile, closeUnifiedTab, markFileDirty])
+  }, [saveDialogFileId, closeFile, markFileDirty])
 
   const handleSaveDialogCancel = useCallback(() => {
     setSaveDialogFileId(null)
@@ -190,25 +177,14 @@ export default function Terminal(): React.JSX.Element | null {
       return
     }
     initialTabCreationGuardRef.current = activeWorktreeId
-    const newTab = createTab(activeWorktreeId)
-    // Why: keep TabsSlice in sync so tab group splits can find this tab.
-    createUnifiedTab(activeWorktreeId, 'terminal', { id: newTab.id, label: newTab.title })
-  }, [
-    workspaceSessionReady,
-    activeWorktreeId,
-    tabs.length,
-    worktreeFiles.length,
-    createTab,
-    createUnifiedTab
-  ])
+    createTab(activeWorktreeId)
+  }, [workspaceSessionReady, activeWorktreeId, tabs.length, worktreeFiles.length, createTab])
 
   const handleNewTab = useCallback(() => {
     if (!activeWorktreeId) {
       return
     }
     const newTab = createTab(activeWorktreeId)
-    // Why: keep TabsSlice in sync so tab group splits can find this tab.
-    createUnifiedTab(activeWorktreeId, 'terminal', { id: newTab.id, label: newTab.title })
     setActiveTabType('terminal')
     // Why: persist the tab bar order with the new terminal at the end of the
     // current visual order. Without this, reconcileOrder falls back to
@@ -233,7 +209,7 @@ export default function Terminal(): React.JSX.Element | null {
     const order = base.filter((id) => id !== newTab.id)
     order.push(newTab.id)
     setTabBarOrder(activeWorktreeId, order)
-  }, [activeWorktreeId, createTab, createUnifiedTab, setActiveTabType, setTabBarOrder])
+  }, [activeWorktreeId, createTab, setActiveTabType, setTabBarOrder])
 
   const handleCloseTab = useCallback(
     (tabId: string) => {
@@ -250,7 +226,6 @@ export default function Terminal(): React.JSX.Element | null {
       const currentTabs = state.tabsByWorktree[owningWorktreeId] ?? []
       if (currentTabs.length <= 1) {
         closeTab(tabId)
-        closeUnifiedTab(tabId)
         if (state.activeWorktreeId === owningWorktreeId) {
           // Why: only deactivate the worktree when no tabs of any kind remain.
           // Editor files are a separate tab type; closing the last terminal tab
@@ -275,9 +250,8 @@ export default function Terminal(): React.JSX.Element | null {
         }
       }
       closeTab(tabId)
-      closeUnifiedTab(tabId)
     },
-    [closeTab, closeUnifiedTab, setActiveTab, setActiveFile, setActiveTabType, setActiveWorktree]
+    [closeTab, setActiveTab, setActiveFile, setActiveTabType, setActiveWorktree]
   )
 
   const handlePtyExit = useCallback(
@@ -300,11 +274,10 @@ export default function Terminal(): React.JSX.Element | null {
       for (const tab of currentTabs) {
         if (tab.id !== tabId) {
           closeTab(tab.id)
-          closeUnifiedTab(tab.id)
         }
       }
     },
-    [activeWorktreeId, closeTab, closeUnifiedTab, setActiveTab]
+    [activeWorktreeId, closeTab, setActiveTab]
   )
 
   const handleCloseTabsToRight = useCallback(
@@ -320,10 +293,9 @@ export default function Terminal(): React.JSX.Element | null {
       const rightTabs = currentTabs.slice(index + 1)
       for (const tab of rightTabs) {
         closeTab(tab.id)
-        closeUnifiedTab(tab.id)
       }
     },
-    [activeWorktreeId, closeTab, closeUnifiedTab]
+    [activeWorktreeId, closeTab]
   )
 
   const handleActivateTab = useCallback(
@@ -348,31 +320,6 @@ export default function Terminal(): React.JSX.Element | null {
     [setActiveTab]
   )
 
-  const handleSplitTab = useCallback(
-    (tabId: string, direction: 'left' | 'right' | 'up' | 'down') => {
-      splitTabToGroup(tabId, direction)
-      // Why: after splitting, the new group's terminal tab needs a PTY.
-      // The new tab was created in TabsSlice but TerminalSlice also needs
-      // a matching entry for PTY lifecycle. We create it in TerminalSlice
-      // so TerminalPane can mount and spawn a PTY.
-      if (activeWorktreeId) {
-        const state = useAppStore.getState()
-        const newGroupId = state.activeGroupIdByWorktree[activeWorktreeId]
-        const newGroupTabs = (state.unifiedTabsByWorktree[activeWorktreeId] ?? []).filter(
-          (t) => t.groupId === newGroupId && t.contentType === 'terminal'
-        )
-        // The newest terminal tab in the new group needs a TerminalSlice entry
-        for (const ut of newGroupTabs) {
-          const exists = (state.tabsByWorktree[activeWorktreeId] ?? []).some((t) => t.id === ut.id)
-          if (!exists) {
-            createTab(activeWorktreeId, ut.id)
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    [splitTabToGroup, activeWorktreeId, createTab]
-  )
-
   // Keyboard shortcuts
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!activeWorktreeId) {
@@ -406,36 +353,16 @@ export default function Terminal(): React.JSX.Element | null {
       // Cmd/Ctrl+Shift+] and Cmd/Ctrl+Shift+[ - switch tabs
       if (mod && e.shiftKey && (e.key === ']' || e.key === '[') && !e.repeat) {
         const state = useAppStore.getState()
+        const currentTerminalTabs = state.tabsByWorktree[activeWorktreeId] ?? []
+        const currentEditorFiles = activeWorktreeId
+          ? state.openFiles.filter((f) => f.worktreeId === activeWorktreeId)
+          : []
 
-        // Why: when splits are active, tab cycling must stay within the
-        // focused group so the user doesn't jump between panels unexpectedly.
-        const currentGroupId = state.activeGroupIdByWorktree[activeWorktreeId]
-        const hasLayout = state.layoutByWorktree[activeWorktreeId]?.type === 'split'
-        const groupFilter =
-          hasLayout && currentGroupId
-            ? (t: { groupId?: string }) => t.groupId === currentGroupId
-            : () => true
-
-        const unifiedTabs = (state.unifiedTabsByWorktree[activeWorktreeId] ?? []).filter(
-          groupFilter
-        )
-
-        const allTabIds: { type: 'terminal' | 'editor'; id: string }[] = unifiedTabs.map((t) => ({
-          type: t.contentType === 'terminal' ? ('terminal' as const) : ('editor' as const),
-          id: t.id
-        }))
-
-        // Fallback for single-group mode without unified tabs populated
-        if (allTabIds.length === 0) {
-          const currentTerminalTabs = state.tabsByWorktree[activeWorktreeId] ?? []
-          const currentEditorFiles = activeWorktreeId
-            ? state.openFiles.filter((f) => f.worktreeId === activeWorktreeId)
-            : []
-          allTabIds.push(
-            ...currentTerminalTabs.map((t) => ({ type: 'terminal' as const, id: t.id })),
-            ...currentEditorFiles.map((f) => ({ type: 'editor' as const, id: f.id }))
-          )
-        }
+        // Build unified tab list: terminal tabs then editor tabs
+        const allTabIds: { type: 'terminal' | 'editor'; id: string }[] = [
+          ...currentTerminalTabs.map((t) => ({ type: 'terminal' as const, id: t.id })),
+          ...currentEditorFiles.map((f) => ({ type: 'editor' as const, id: f.id }))
+        ]
 
         if (allTabIds.length > 1) {
           e.preventDefault()
@@ -508,11 +435,10 @@ export default function Terminal(): React.JSX.Element | null {
     >
       <EditorAutosaveController />
 
-      {/* Why: when tab groups are split, each group renders its own inline
-          tab bar inside TabGroupPanel. The titlebar portal is skipped so it
-          doesn't show a duplicate set of tabs. */}
-      {!hasSplitGroups &&
-        activeWorktreeId &&
+      {/* Why: the tab bar is rendered into the titlebar via a portal so it
+          shares the same visual row as the "Orca" title. The portal target
+          (#titlebar-tabs) lives in App.tsx's titlebar. */}
+      {activeWorktreeId &&
         titlebarTabsTarget &&
         createPortal(
           <TabBar
@@ -540,48 +466,58 @@ export default function Terminal(): React.JSX.Element | null {
             onCloseAllFiles={closeAllFiles}
             onPinFile={pinFile}
             tabBarOrder={tabBarOrder}
-            onSplitTab={handleSplitTab}
           />,
           titlebarTabsTarget
         )}
 
-      {/* Why: always render through TabGroupSplitLayout — even for a single
-          group — so that splitting never unmounts the original TabGroupPanel.
-          The CSS Grid flat rendering in TabGroupSplitLayout keeps all
-          TabGroupPanels as stable keyed siblings, preserving xterm instances
-          and PTY connections across layout changes. */}
-      {activeWorktreeId && layout && (
-        <TabGroupSplitLayout
-          layout={layout}
-          worktreeId={activeWorktreeId}
-          focusedGroupId={focusedGroupId}
-          hasSplitGroups={hasSplitGroups}
-          onSplitTab={handleSplitTab}
-        />
-      )}
-
-      {/* Why: non-active worktrees keep their TerminalPanes mounted (hidden)
-          so PTY connections survive worktree switches. The active worktree's
-          terminals are rendered by TabGroupPanel inside TabGroupSplitLayout. */}
-      <div className="hidden">
+      {/* Terminal panes container - hidden when editor tab active */}
+      <div
+        className={`relative flex-1 min-h-0 overflow-hidden ${activeTabType === 'editor' && worktreeFiles.length > 0 ? 'hidden' : ''}`}
+      >
         {allWorktrees
-          .filter((wt) => mountedWorktreeIdsRef.current.has(wt.id) && wt.id !== activeWorktreeId)
+          .filter((wt) => mountedWorktreeIdsRef.current.has(wt.id))
           .map((worktree) => {
             const worktreeTabs = tabsByWorktree[worktree.id] ?? []
-            return worktreeTabs.map((tab) => (
-              <TerminalPane
-                key={`${tab.id}-${tab.generation ?? 0}`}
-                tabId={tab.id}
-                worktreeId={worktree.id}
-                cwd={worktree.path}
-                isActive={false}
-                onPtyExit={(ptyId) => handlePtyExit(tab.id, ptyId)}
-                onCloseTab={() => handleCloseTab(tab.id)}
-              />
-            ))
+            const isVisible = activeView !== 'settings' && worktree.id === activeWorktreeId
+
+            return (
+              <div
+                key={worktree.id}
+                className={isVisible ? 'absolute inset-0' : 'absolute inset-0 hidden'}
+                aria-hidden={!isVisible}
+              >
+                {worktreeTabs.map((tab) => (
+                  <TerminalPane
+                    key={`${tab.id}-${tab.generation ?? 0}`}
+                    tabId={tab.id}
+                    worktreeId={worktree.id}
+                    cwd={worktree.path}
+                    isActive={isVisible && tab.id === activeTabId && activeTabType === 'terminal'}
+                    onPtyExit={(ptyId) => handlePtyExit(tab.id, ptyId)}
+                    onCloseTab={() => handleCloseTab(tab.id)}
+                  />
+                ))}
+              </div>
+            )
           })}
       </div>
 
+      {/* Why: v1.0.85 only mounted the visible editor surface, which kept
+          hidden editor effects out of app shutdown. Autosave now lives in the
+          narrow EditorAutosaveController above, so the full EditorPanel can go
+          back to the safer "mount only while visible" lifecycle. */}
+      {activeWorktreeId && activeTabType === 'editor' && worktreeFiles.length > 0 && (
+        <Suspense
+          fallback={
+            <div className="flex-1 flex items-center justify-center text-muted-foreground text-sm">
+              Loading editor...
+            </div>
+          }
+        >
+          <EditorPanel />
+        </Suspense>
+      )}
+
       {/* Save confirmation dialog */}
       <Dialog
         open={saveDialogFileId !== null}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/editor/EditorPanel.tsx b/src/renderer/src/components/editor/EditorPanel.tsx
index 967c9247711..b4456b8ccd5 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/editor/EditorPanel.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/editor/EditorPanel.tsx
@@ -31,26 +31,9 @@ type FileContent = {
 
 type DiffContent = GitDiffResult
 
-// Why: when the layout tree changes (e.g., a split creates a new branch), React
-// unmounts and remounts TabGroupPanel instances in the restructured subtree. The
-// remounted EditorPanel loses its local fileContents/diffContents state and would
-// show a blank flash while the IPC re-load completes. This module-level cache
-// lets remounted instances recover content instantly without another IPC round-trip.
-const fileContentCache = new Map<string, FileContent>()
-const diffContentCache = new Map<string, DiffContent>()
-
-type EditorPanelProps = {
-  /** When provided, overrides the global activeFileId from EditorSlice.
-   *  Used by TabGroupPanel so each split group shows its own active file. */
-  activeFileId?: string | null
-}
-
-export default function EditorPanel({
-  activeFileId: activeFileIdProp
-}: EditorPanelProps = {}): React.JSX.Element | null {
+export default function EditorPanel(): React.JSX.Element | null {
   const openFiles = useAppStore((s) => s.openFiles)
-  const globalActiveFileId = useAppStore((s) => s.activeFileId)
-  const activeFileId = activeFileIdProp ?? globalActiveFileId
+  const activeFileId = useAppStore((s) => s.activeFileId)
   const markFileDirty = useAppStore((s) => s.markFileDirty)
   const pendingEditorReveal = useAppStore((s) => s.pendingEditorReveal)
   const gitStatusByWorktree = useAppStore((s) => s.gitStatusByWorktree)
@@ -64,44 +47,8 @@ export default function EditorPanel({
 
   const activeFile = openFiles.find((f) => f.id === activeFileId) ?? null
 
-  const [fileContents, setFileContentsRaw] = useState<Record<string, FileContent>>(() =>
-    Object.fromEntries(fileContentCache)
-  )
-  const [diffContents, setDiffContentsRaw] = useState<Record<string, DiffContent>>(() =>
-    Object.fromEntries(diffContentCache)
-  )
-
-  // Wrapper that keeps the module-level cache in sync with local state
-  const setFileContents: typeof setFileContentsRaw = useCallback((update) => {
-    setFileContentsRaw((prev) => {
-      const next = typeof update === 'function' ? update(prev) : update
-      for (const [id, content] of Object.entries(next)) {
-        fileContentCache.set(id, content)
-      }
-      // Remove entries deleted from state
-      for (const id of Object.keys(prev)) {
-        if (!(id in next)) {
-          fileContentCache.delete(id)
-        }
-      }
-      return next
-    })
-  }, [])
-
-  const setDiffContents: typeof setDiffContentsRaw = useCallback((update) => {
-    setDiffContentsRaw((prev) => {
-      const next = typeof update === 'function' ? update(prev) : update
-      for (const [id, content] of Object.entries(next)) {
-        diffContentCache.set(id, content)
-      }
-      for (const id of Object.keys(prev)) {
-        if (!(id in next)) {
-          diffContentCache.delete(id)
-        }
-      }
-      return next
-    })
-  }, [])
+  const [fileContents, setFileContents] = useState<Record<string, FileContent>>({})
+  const [diffContents, setDiffContents] = useState<Record<string, DiffContent>>({})
   const [copiedPathToast, setCopiedPathToast] = useState<{ fileId: string; token: number } | null>(
     null
   )
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/editor/MonacoEditor.tsx b/src/renderer/src/components/editor/MonacoEditor.tsx
index f0607e036cc..99d4854d00e 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/editor/MonacoEditor.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/editor/MonacoEditor.tsx
@@ -276,11 +276,6 @@ export default function MonacoEditor({
           }
         }}
         path={filePath}
-        // Why: when editor tabs are split across groups, multiple Editor instances
-        // share the same Monaco model (keyed by path). The default behavior disposes
-        // the model on unmount, which blanks every other editor showing that file.
-        // keepCurrentModel prevents model disposal so sibling editors survive.
-        keepCurrentModel
       />
 
       {copyToast ? (
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/editor/editor-autosave-controller.ts b/src/renderer/src/components/editor/editor-autosave-controller.ts
index 47eb0fc87fd..950ba0aad3c 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/editor/editor-autosave-controller.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/editor/editor-autosave-controller.ts
@@ -231,7 +231,6 @@ export function attachEditorAutosaveController(store: AppStoreApi): () => void {
       }
     }
     store.getState().closeFile(fileId)
-    store.getState().closeUnifiedTab(fileId)
   }
 
   const handleSaveFile = async (event: Event): Promise<void> => {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/tab-bar/EditorFileTab.tsx b/src/renderer/src/components/tab-bar/EditorFileTab.tsx
index ca04926b039..a8cd61292d9 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/tab-bar/EditorFileTab.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/tab-bar/EditorFileTab.tsx
@@ -1,17 +1,7 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
 import { useSortable } from '@dnd-kit/sortable'
 import { CSS } from '@dnd-kit/utilities'
-import {
-  X,
-  FileCode,
-  GitCompareArrows,
-  Copy,
-  ShieldAlert,
-  PanelLeft,
-  PanelRight,
-  PanelTop,
-  PanelBottom
-} from 'lucide-react'
+import { X, FileCode, GitCompareArrows, Copy, ShieldAlert } from 'lucide-react'
 import {
   DropdownMenu,
   DropdownMenuContent,
@@ -35,8 +25,7 @@ export default function EditorFileTab({
   onClose,
   onCloseToRight,
   onCloseAll,
-  onPin,
-  onSplitTab
+  onPin
 }: {
   file: OpenFile
   isActive: boolean
@@ -47,7 +36,6 @@ export default function EditorFileTab({
   onCloseToRight: () => void
   onCloseAll: () => void
   onPin?: () => void
-  onSplitTab?: (direction: 'left' | 'right' | 'up' | 'down') => void
 }): React.JSX.Element {
   const { attributes, listeners, setNodeRef, transform, transition, isDragging } = useSortable({
     id: file.id
@@ -187,23 +175,6 @@ export default function EditorFileTab({
           </DropdownMenuItem>
           <DropdownMenuItem onSelect={onCloseAll}>Close All Editor Tabs</DropdownMenuItem>
           <DropdownMenuSeparator />
-          <DropdownMenuItem onSelect={() => onSplitTab?.('left')}>
-            <PanelLeft className="w-3.5 h-3.5 mr-1.5" />
-            Split Left
-          </DropdownMenuItem>
-          <DropdownMenuItem onSelect={() => onSplitTab?.('right')}>
-            <PanelRight className="w-3.5 h-3.5 mr-1.5" />
-            Split Right
-          </DropdownMenuItem>
-          <DropdownMenuItem onSelect={() => onSplitTab?.('up')}>
-            <PanelTop className="w-3.5 h-3.5 mr-1.5" />
-            Split Up
-          </DropdownMenuItem>
-          <DropdownMenuItem onSelect={() => onSplitTab?.('down')}>
-            <PanelBottom className="w-3.5 h-3.5 mr-1.5" />
-            Split Down
-          </DropdownMenuItem>
-          <DropdownMenuSeparator />
           <DropdownMenuItem
             onSelect={() => {
               void window.api.ui.writeClipboardText(file.filePath)
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/tab-bar/SortableTab.tsx b/src/renderer/src/components/tab-bar/SortableTab.tsx
index 2931de5c03f..3ffb0728586 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/tab-bar/SortableTab.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/tab-bar/SortableTab.tsx
@@ -1,15 +1,7 @@
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import { useSortable } from '@dnd-kit/sortable'
 import { CSS } from '@dnd-kit/utilities'
-import {
-  X,
-  Terminal as TerminalIcon,
-  Minimize2,
-  PanelLeft,
-  PanelRight,
-  PanelTop,
-  PanelBottom
-} from 'lucide-react'
+import { X, Terminal as TerminalIcon, Minimize2 } from 'lucide-react'
 import {
   DropdownMenu,
   DropdownMenuContent,
@@ -42,7 +34,6 @@ type SortableTabProps = {
   onSetCustomTitle: (tabId: string, title: string | null) => void
   onSetTabColor: (tabId: string, color: string | null) => void
   onToggleExpand: (tabId: string) => void
-  onSplitTab?: (tabId: string, direction: 'left' | 'right' | 'up' | 'down') => void
 }
 
 export const TAB_COLORS = [
@@ -72,8 +63,7 @@ export default function SortableTab({
   onCloseToRight,
   onSetCustomTitle,
   onSetTabColor,
-  onToggleExpand,
-  onSplitTab
+  onToggleExpand
 }: SortableTabProps): React.JSX.Element {
   const { attributes, listeners, setNodeRef, transform, transition, isDragging } = useSortable({
     id: tab.id
@@ -228,23 +218,6 @@ export default function SortableTab({
             Close Tabs To The Right
           </DropdownMenuItem>
           <DropdownMenuSeparator />
-          <DropdownMenuItem onSelect={() => onSplitTab?.(tab.id, 'left')}>
-            <PanelLeft className="w-3.5 h-3.5 mr-1.5" />
-            Split Left
-          </DropdownMenuItem>
-          <DropdownMenuItem onSelect={() => onSplitTab?.(tab.id, 'right')}>
-            <PanelRight className="w-3.5 h-3.5 mr-1.5" />
-            Split Right
-          </DropdownMenuItem>
-          <DropdownMenuItem onSelect={() => onSplitTab?.(tab.id, 'up')}>
-            <PanelTop className="w-3.5 h-3.5 mr-1.5" />
-            Split Up
-          </DropdownMenuItem>
-          <DropdownMenuItem onSelect={() => onSplitTab?.(tab.id, 'down')}>
-            <PanelBottom className="w-3.5 h-3.5 mr-1.5" />
-            Split Down
-          </DropdownMenuItem>
-          <DropdownMenuSeparator />
           <DropdownMenuItem onSelect={handleRenameOpen}>Change Title</DropdownMenuItem>
           <div className="px-2 pt-1.5 pb-1">
             <div className="text-xs font-medium text-muted-foreground mb-1.5">Tab Color</div>
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/tab-bar/TabBar.tsx b/src/renderer/src/components/tab-bar/TabBar.tsx
index 6b4e4787e45..7a7419400fc 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/tab-bar/TabBar.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/tab-bar/TabBar.tsx
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ type TabBarProps = {
   onCloseAllFiles?: () => void
   onPinFile?: (fileId: string) => void
   tabBarOrder?: string[]
-  onSplitTab?: (tabId: string, direction: 'left' | 'right' | 'up' | 'down') => void
 }
 
 type TabItem =
@@ -67,8 +66,7 @@ export default function TabBar({
   onCloseFile,
   onCloseAllFiles,
   onPinFile,
-  tabBarOrder,
-  onSplitTab
+  tabBarOrder
 }: TabBarProps): React.JSX.Element {
   const sensors = useSensors(
     useSensor(PointerSensor, {
@@ -181,7 +179,6 @@ export default function TabBar({
                     onSetCustomTitle={onSetCustomTitle}
                     onSetTabColor={onSetTabColor}
                     onToggleExpand={onTogglePaneExpand}
-                    onSplitTab={onSplitTab}
                   />
                 )
               }
@@ -197,9 +194,6 @@ export default function TabBar({
                   onCloseToRight={() => onCloseToRight(item.id)}
                   onCloseAll={() => onCloseAllFiles?.()}
                   onPin={() => onPinFile?.(item.id)}
-                  onSplitTab={
-                    onSplitTab ? (direction) => onSplitTab(item.id, direction) : undefined
-                  }
                 />
               )
             })}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/tab-group/TabGroupPanel.tsx b/src/renderer/src/components/tab-group/TabGroupPanel.tsx
deleted file mode 100644
index 08f32d75d1c..00000000000
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/tab-group/TabGroupPanel.tsx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,286 +0,0 @@
-import { useCallback, useMemo, lazy, Suspense } from 'react'
-import { useShallow } from 'zustand/react/shallow'
-import { useAppStore } from '../../store'
-import TabBar from '../tab-bar/TabBar'
-import TerminalPane from '../terminal-pane/TerminalPane'
-
-const EditorPanel = lazy(() => import('../editor/EditorPanel'))
-
-type TabGroupPanelProps = {
-  groupId: string
-  worktreeId: string
-  isFocused: boolean
-  // Why: in single-group mode the titlebar portal renders the tab bar, so
-  // the inline tab bar inside TabGroupPanel must be hidden to avoid duplicates.
-  hasSplitGroups: boolean
-  onSplitTab: (tabId: string, direction: 'left' | 'right' | 'up' | 'down') => void
-}
-
-export default function TabGroupPanel({
-  groupId,
-  worktreeId,
-  isFocused,
-  hasSplitGroups,
-  onSplitTab
-}: TabGroupPanelProps): React.JSX.Element {
-  // Why: useShallow prevents infinite re-renders — .find()/.filter() create
-  // new references on every call, which fails Zustand's Object.is check.
-  const group = useAppStore(
-    useShallow((s) => (s.groupsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []).find((g) => g.id === groupId) ?? null)
-  )
-  const groupTabs = useAppStore(
-    useShallow((s) =>
-      (s.unifiedTabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []).filter((t) => t.groupId === groupId)
-    )
-  )
-  const focusGroup = useAppStore((s) => s.focusGroup)
-  const activateTab = useAppStore((s) => s.activateTab)
-  const closeUnifiedTab = useAppStore((s) => s.closeUnifiedTab)
-  const closeOtherTabs = useAppStore((s) => s.closeOtherTabs)
-  const closeTabsToRight = useAppStore((s) => s.closeTabsToRight)
-  const setTabCustomLabel = useAppStore((s) => s.setTabCustomLabel)
-  const setUnifiedTabColor = useAppStore((s) => s.setUnifiedTabColor)
-
-  // Bridge: TerminalSlice state for PTY lifecycle
-  const createTab = useAppStore((s) => s.createTab)
-  const closeTab = useAppStore((s) => s.closeTab)
-  const createUnifiedTab = useAppStore((s) => s.createUnifiedTab)
-  const expandedPaneByTabId = useAppStore((s) => s.expandedPaneByTabId)
-  const setActiveTab = useAppStore((s) => s.setActiveTab)
-  const setActiveTabType = useAppStore((s) => s.setActiveTabType)
-  const setActiveFile = useAppStore((s) => s.setActiveFile)
-  const consumeSuppressedPtyExit = useAppStore((s) => s.consumeSuppressedPtyExit)
-  const openFiles = useAppStore((s) => s.openFiles)
-  const closeFile = useAppStore((s) => s.closeFile)
-  const closeAllFiles = useAppStore((s) => s.closeAllFiles)
-  const pinFile = useAppStore((s) => s.pinFile)
-
-  const activeTabId = group?.activeTabId ?? null
-  const activeTab = groupTabs.find((t) => t.id === activeTabId) ?? null
-
-  // Convert unified tabs to TerminalTab shape for TabBar compatibility
-  const terminalTabs = useMemo(() => {
-    return groupTabs
-      .filter((t) => t.contentType === 'terminal')
-      .map((t) => ({
-        id: t.id,
-        ptyId: null as string | null,
-        worktreeId,
-        title: t.label,
-        customTitle: t.customLabel,
-        color: t.color,
-        sortOrder: t.sortOrder,
-        createdAt: t.createdAt
-      }))
-  }, [groupTabs, worktreeId])
-
-  const editorFiles = useMemo(() => {
-    const editorTabIds = new Set(
-      groupTabs
-        .filter(
-          (t) =>
-            t.contentType === 'editor' ||
-            t.contentType === 'diff' ||
-            t.contentType === 'conflict-review'
-        )
-        .map((t) => t.id)
-    )
-    return openFiles.filter((f) => f.worktreeId === worktreeId && editorTabIds.has(f.id))
-  }, [groupTabs, openFiles, worktreeId])
-
-  const worktree = useAppStore(
-    useShallow(
-      (s) =>
-        Object.values(s.worktreesByRepo)
-          .flat()
-          .find((wt) => wt.id === worktreeId) ?? null
-    )
-  )
-
-  const handleFocusClick = useCallback(() => {
-    focusGroup(worktreeId, groupId)
-  }, [focusGroup, worktreeId, groupId])
-
-  const handleActivate = useCallback(
-    (tabId: string) => {
-      focusGroup(worktreeId, groupId)
-      activateTab(tabId)
-      setActiveTab(tabId)
-      setActiveTabType('terminal')
-    },
-    [focusGroup, worktreeId, groupId, activateTab, setActiveTab, setActiveTabType]
-  )
-
-  // Why: all worktree tabs (not just this group's) are needed to check whether
-  // an editor file is still referenced by another group before closing it.
-  const allWorktreeTabs = useAppStore(useShallow((s) => s.unifiedTabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []))
-
-  const handleClose = useCallback(
-    (tabId: string) => {
-      const tab = groupTabs.find((t) => t.id === tabId)
-      if (!tab) {
-        return
-      }
-      if (tab.contentType === 'terminal') {
-        closeTab(tabId)
-      } else {
-        // Why: editor tabs share the same ID (filePath) across groups. Only
-        // close the OpenFile entry when no OTHER group still references it,
-        // otherwise the other group's EditorPanel would lose its file data.
-        const otherGroupHasFile = allWorktreeTabs.some(
-          (t) => t.id === tabId && t.groupId !== groupId
-        )
-        if (!otherGroupHasFile) {
-          closeFile(tabId)
-        }
-      }
-      // Why: pass groupId so editor tabs (which can share the same filePath ID
-      // across split groups) only get removed from THIS group, not all groups.
-      closeUnifiedTab(tabId, groupId)
-    },
-    [groupTabs, allWorktreeTabs, groupId, closeTab, closeFile, closeUnifiedTab]
-  )
-
-  const handleCloseOthers = useCallback(
-    (tabId: string) => {
-      const closedIds = closeOtherTabs(tabId)
-      // Bridge: also clean up TerminalSlice/EditorSlice for each closed tab
-      for (const id of closedIds) {
-        const tab = groupTabs.find((t) => t.id === id)
-        if (tab?.contentType === 'terminal') {
-          closeTab(id)
-        } else if (tab) {
-          const otherGroupHasFile = allWorktreeTabs.some(
-            (t) => t.id === id && t.groupId !== groupId
-          )
-          if (!otherGroupHasFile) {
-            closeFile(id)
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    [closeOtherTabs, groupTabs, allWorktreeTabs, groupId, closeTab, closeFile]
-  )
-
-  const handleCloseToRight = useCallback(
-    (tabId: string) => {
-      const closedIds = closeTabsToRight(tabId)
-      for (const id of closedIds) {
-        const tab = groupTabs.find((t) => t.id === id)
-        if (tab?.contentType === 'terminal') {
-          closeTab(id)
-        } else if (tab) {
-          const otherGroupHasFile = allWorktreeTabs.some(
-            (t) => t.id === id && t.groupId !== groupId
-          )
-          if (!otherGroupHasFile) {
-            closeFile(id)
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    [closeTabsToRight, groupTabs, allWorktreeTabs, groupId, closeTab, closeFile]
-  )
-
-  const handleNewTab = useCallback(() => {
-    focusGroup(worktreeId, groupId)
-    const newTab = createUnifiedTab(worktreeId, 'terminal')
-    createTab(worktreeId, newTab.id)
-    setActiveTab(newTab.id)
-    setActiveTabType('terminal')
-  }, [focusGroup, worktreeId, groupId, createUnifiedTab, createTab, setActiveTab, setActiveTabType])
-
-  const handlePtyExit = useCallback(
-    (tabId: string, ptyId: string) => {
-      if (consumeSuppressedPtyExit(ptyId)) {
-        return
-      }
-      handleClose(tabId)
-    },
-    [consumeSuppressedPtyExit, handleClose]
-  )
-
-  const handleActivateFile = useCallback(
-    (fileId: string) => {
-      focusGroup(worktreeId, groupId)
-      activateTab(fileId)
-      setActiveFile(fileId)
-      setActiveTabType('editor')
-    },
-    [focusGroup, worktreeId, groupId, activateTab, setActiveFile, setActiveTabType]
-  )
-
-  const isActiveTerminal = activeTab?.contentType === 'terminal'
-  const isActiveEditor = activeTab?.contentType === 'editor' || activeTab?.contentType === 'diff'
-
-  return (
-    <div
-      className={`flex flex-col flex-1 min-w-0 min-h-0 overflow-hidden${
-        hasSplitGroups ? ` border ${isFocused ? 'border-accent' : 'border-border'}` : ''
-      }`}
-      onPointerDown={handleFocusClick}
-    >
-      {/* Why: in single-group mode, the titlebar portal renders the tab bar,
-          so the inline version is hidden to avoid duplication. */}
-      <div
-        className={`items-stretch h-9 shrink-0 border-b border-border bg-card${hasSplitGroups ? ' flex' : ' hidden'}`}
-      >
-        <TabBar
-          tabs={terminalTabs}
-          activeTabId={isActiveTerminal ? activeTabId : null}
-          worktreeId={worktreeId}
-          expandedPaneByTabId={expandedPaneByTabId}
-          onActivate={handleActivate}
-          onClose={handleClose}
-          onCloseOthers={handleCloseOthers}
-          onCloseToRight={handleCloseToRight}
-          onReorder={() => {}}
-          onNewTab={handleNewTab}
-          onSetCustomTitle={(tabId, title) => setTabCustomLabel(tabId, title)}
-          onSetTabColor={(tabId, color) => setUnifiedTabColor(tabId, color)}
-          onTogglePaneExpand={() => {}}
-          editorFiles={editorFiles}
-          activeFileId={isActiveEditor ? activeTabId : null}
-          activeTabType={isActiveTerminal ? 'terminal' : 'editor'}
-          onActivateFile={handleActivateFile}
-          onCloseFile={(fileId) => handleClose(fileId)}
-          onCloseAllFiles={closeAllFiles}
-          onPinFile={pinFile}
-          onSplitTab={onSplitTab}
-        />
-      </div>
-
-      {/* Content area */}
-      <div className="relative flex flex-col flex-1 min-h-0 overflow-hidden">
-        {/* Terminal panes for this group's terminal tabs */}
-        {groupTabs
-          .filter((t) => t.contentType === 'terminal')
-          .map((tab) => (
-            <TerminalPane
-              key={tab.id}
-              tabId={tab.id}
-              worktreeId={worktreeId}
-              cwd={worktree?.path}
-              isVisible={tab.id === activeTabId && isActiveTerminal}
-              isActive={isFocused && tab.id === activeTabId && isActiveTerminal}
-              onPtyExit={(ptyId) => handlePtyExit(tab.id, ptyId)}
-              onCloseTab={() => handleClose(tab.id)}
-            />
-          ))}
-
-        {/* Editor panel for the active editor tab */}
-        {isActiveEditor && (
-          <Suspense
-            fallback={
-              <div className="flex-1 flex items-center justify-center text-muted-foreground text-sm">
-                Loading editor...
-              </div>
-            }
-          >
-            <EditorPanel activeFileId={activeTabId} />
-          </Suspense>
-        )}
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  )
-}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/tab-group/TabGroupSplitLayout.tsx b/src/renderer/src/components/tab-group/TabGroupSplitLayout.tsx
deleted file mode 100644
index 420d6324777..00000000000
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/tab-group/TabGroupSplitLayout.tsx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-import { useMemo } from 'react'
-import type { TabGroupLayoutNode } from '../../../../shared/types'
-import TabGroupPanel from './TabGroupPanel'
-
-type GroupPlacement = {
-  groupId: string
-  gridColumn: string
-  gridRow: string
-}
-
-// Why: recursive rendering changes the React tree structure when the layout
-// changes (leaf → split), which unmounts and remounts TabGroupPanels —
-// destroying xterm instances and killing PTY processes. CSS Grid with a flat
-// list of keyed children keeps TabGroupPanels mounted across layout changes
-// because React matches them by key, not by tree position.
-
-function maxSplitDepth(node: TabGroupLayoutNode, dir: 'horizontal' | 'vertical'): number {
-  if (node.type === 'leaf') {
-    return 0
-  }
-  if (node.direction === dir) {
-    return 1 + Math.max(maxSplitDepth(node.first, dir), maxSplitDepth(node.second, dir))
-  }
-  return Math.max(maxSplitDepth(node.first, dir), maxSplitDepth(node.second, dir))
-}
-
-function collectPlacements(
-  node: TabGroupLayoutNode,
-  col: number,
-  colSpan: number,
-  row: number,
-  rowSpan: number,
-  out: GroupPlacement[]
-): void {
-  if (node.type === 'leaf') {
-    out.push({
-      groupId: node.groupId,
-      gridColumn: `${col} / ${col + colSpan}`,
-      gridRow: `${row} / ${row + rowSpan}`
-    })
-    return
-  }
-  if (node.direction === 'horizontal') {
-    const half = colSpan / 2
-    collectPlacements(node.first, col, half, row, rowSpan, out)
-    collectPlacements(node.second, col + half, half, row, rowSpan, out)
-  } else {
-    const half = rowSpan / 2
-    collectPlacements(node.first, col, colSpan, row, half, out)
-    collectPlacements(node.second, col, colSpan, row + half, half, out)
-  }
-}
-
-function computeGridLayout(layout: TabGroupLayoutNode): {
-  columns: number
-  rows: number
-  placements: GroupPlacement[]
-} {
-  const hDepth = maxSplitDepth(layout, 'horizontal')
-  const vDepth = maxSplitDepth(layout, 'vertical')
-  const columns = Math.max(1, Math.pow(2, hDepth))
-  const rows = Math.max(1, Math.pow(2, vDepth))
-  const placements: GroupPlacement[] = []
-  collectPlacements(layout, 1, columns, 1, rows, placements)
-  return { columns, rows, placements }
-}
-
-type TabGroupSplitLayoutProps = {
-  layout: TabGroupLayoutNode
-  worktreeId: string
-  focusedGroupId: string | undefined
-  hasSplitGroups: boolean
-  onSplitTab: (tabId: string, direction: 'left' | 'right' | 'up' | 'down') => void
-}
-
-export default function TabGroupSplitLayout({
-  layout,
-  worktreeId,
-  focusedGroupId,
-  hasSplitGroups,
-  onSplitTab
-}: TabGroupSplitLayoutProps): React.JSX.Element {
-  const { columns, rows, placements } = useMemo(() => computeGridLayout(layout), [layout])
-
-  return (
-    <div
-      className="flex-1 min-w-0 min-h-0 overflow-hidden"
-      style={{
-        display: 'grid',
-        gridTemplateColumns: `repeat(${columns}, 1fr)`,
-        gridTemplateRows: `repeat(${rows}, 1fr)`
-      }}
-    >
-      {placements.map(({ groupId, gridColumn, gridRow }) => (
-        <div
-          key={groupId}
-          className="flex min-w-0 min-h-0 overflow-hidden"
-          style={{ gridColumn, gridRow }}
-        >
-          <TabGroupPanel
-            groupId={groupId}
-            worktreeId={worktreeId}
-            isFocused={groupId === focusedGroupId}
-            hasSplitGroups={hasSplitGroups}
-            onSplitTab={onSplitTab}
-          />
-        </div>
-      ))}
-    </div>
-  )
-}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/TerminalPane.tsx b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/TerminalPane.tsx
index aab49b882fc..4f9c2580936 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/TerminalPane.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/TerminalPane.tsx
@@ -37,11 +37,6 @@ type TerminalPaneProps = {
   worktreeId: string
   cwd?: string
   isActive: boolean
-  // Why: in multi-group splits, the active tab in each group must be visible
-  // (display: flex) but only the focused group's terminal should receive
-  // keyboard input. When provided, isVisible controls display independently
-  // of isActive. When omitted, isActive controls both (single-group behavior).
-  isVisible?: boolean
   onPtyExit: (ptyId: string) => void
   onCloseTab: () => void
 }
@@ -51,7 +46,6 @@ export default function TerminalPane({
   worktreeId,
   cwd,
   isActive,
-  isVisible,
   onPtyExit,
   onCloseTab
 }: TerminalPaneProps): React.JSX.Element {
@@ -64,11 +58,8 @@ export default function TerminalPane({
   )
   const paneTransportsRef = useRef<Map<number, PtyTransport>>(new Map())
   const pendingWritesRef = useRef<Map<number, string>>(new Map())
-  const effectiveVisible = isVisible ?? isActive
   const isActiveRef = useRef(isActive)
   isActiveRef.current = isActive
-  const effectiveVisibleRef = useRef(effectiveVisible)
-  effectiveVisibleRef.current = effectiveVisible
 
   const [expandedPaneId, setExpandedPaneId] = useState<number | null>(null)
   const [searchOpen, setSearchOpen] = useState(false)
@@ -240,7 +231,6 @@ export default function TerminalPane({
     paneTransportsRef,
     pendingWritesRef,
     isActiveRef,
-    effectiveVisibleRef,
     onPtyExitRef,
     onPtyErrorRef,
     clearTabPtyId,
@@ -262,7 +252,7 @@ export default function TerminalPane({
   useTerminalFontZoom({ isActive, managerRef, paneFontSizesRef, settingsRef })
 
   useTerminalKeyboardShortcuts({
-    isActive: isActive,
+    isActive,
     managerRef,
     paneTransportsRef,
     expandedPaneIdRef,
@@ -278,7 +268,6 @@ export default function TerminalPane({
   useTerminalPaneGlobalEffects({
     tabId,
     isActive,
-    isVisible: effectiveVisible,
     managerRef,
     containerRef,
     paneTransportsRef,
@@ -514,7 +503,7 @@ export default function TerminalPane({
     : null
 
   const terminalContainerStyle: CSSProperties = {
-    display: effectiveVisible ? 'flex' : 'none',
+    display: isActive ? 'flex' : 'none',
     ['--orca-terminal-divider-color' as string]:
       effectiveAppearance?.dividerColor ?? DEFAULT_TERMINAL_DIVIDER_DARK,
     ['--orca-terminal-divider-color-strong' as string]: normalizeColor(
@@ -561,7 +550,7 @@ export default function TerminalPane({
           transport.sendInput(shellEscapePath(filePath))
         }}
       />
-      {terminalError && effectiveVisible && (
+      {terminalError && isActive && (
         <TerminalErrorToast error={terminalError} onDismiss={() => setTerminalError(null)} />
       )}
       {activePane?.container &&
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection.ts b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection.ts
index 02035e5d884..59e0b231227 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ type PtyConnectionDeps = {
   paneTransportsRef: React.RefObject<Map<number, PtyTransport>>
   pendingWritesRef: React.RefObject<Map<number, string>>
   isActiveRef: React.RefObject<boolean>
-  effectiveVisibleRef: React.RefObject<boolean>
   onPtyExitRef: React.RefObject<(ptyId: string) => void>
   onPtyErrorRef?: React.RefObject<(paneId: number, message: string) => void>
   clearTabPtyId: (tabId: string, ptyId: string) => void
@@ -181,11 +180,7 @@ export function connectPanePty(
     }
 
     const dataCallback = (data: string): void => {
-      // Why: in split-group mode, a non-focused group's terminal is visible
-      // (display:flex) but not active (no keyboard focus). PTY output must
-      // still be written to xterm so the user sees content. Only buffer
-      // output when the terminal is truly hidden (e.g., a background tab).
-      if (deps.effectiveVisibleRef.current) {
+      if (deps.isActiveRef.current) {
         pane.terminal.write(data)
       } else {
         const pending = deps.pendingWritesRef.current
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/use-terminal-pane-global-effects.ts b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/use-terminal-pane-global-effects.ts
index 1501743e876..f6efa8d638b 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/use-terminal-pane-global-effects.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/use-terminal-pane-global-effects.ts
@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@ import type { PtyTransport } from './pty-transport'
 type UseTerminalPaneGlobalEffectsArgs = {
   tabId: string
   isActive: boolean
-  // Why: in multi-group splits, isVisible controls rendering/display while
-  // isActive controls keyboard focus. When not provided, isActive is used.
-  isVisible?: boolean
   managerRef: React.RefObject<PaneManager | null>
   containerRef: React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>
   paneTransportsRef: React.RefObject<Map<number, PtyTransport>>
@@ -22,7 +19,6 @@ type UseTerminalPaneGlobalEffectsArgs = {
 export function useTerminalPaneGlobalEffects({
   tabId,
   isActive,
-  isVisible,
   managerRef,
   containerRef,
   paneTransportsRef,
@@ -30,15 +26,14 @@ export function useTerminalPaneGlobalEffects({
   isActiveRef,
   toggleExpandPane
 }: UseTerminalPaneGlobalEffectsArgs): void {
-  const wasVisibleRef = useRef(false)
+  const wasActiveRef = useRef(false)
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    const effectiveVisible = isVisible ?? isActive
     const manager = managerRef.current
     if (!manager) {
       return
     }
-    if (effectiveVisible) {
+    if (isActive) {
       manager.resumeRendering()
       for (const [paneId, pendingBuffer] of pendingWritesRef.current.entries()) {
         if (pendingBuffer.length > 0) {
@@ -49,23 +44,14 @@ export function useTerminalPaneGlobalEffects({
           pendingWritesRef.current.set(paneId, '')
         }
       }
-      // Why: fit all visible panes so they fill their container, but only
-      // focus the terminal when the pane is the keyboard-active one. This
-      // prevents non-focused split groups from stealing xterm focus.
-      requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-        if (isActive) {
-          fitAndFocusPanes(manager)
-        } else {
-          fitPanes(manager)
-        }
-      })
-    } else if (wasVisibleRef.current) {
+      requestAnimationFrame(() => fitAndFocusPanes(manager))
+    } else if (wasActiveRef.current) {
       manager.suspendRendering()
     }
-    wasVisibleRef.current = effectiveVisible
+    wasActiveRef.current = isActive
     isActiveRef.current = isActive
     // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
-  }, [isActive, isVisible])
+  }, [isActive])
 
   useEffect(() => {
     const onToggleExpand = (event: Event): void => {
@@ -93,8 +79,7 @@ export function useTerminalPaneGlobalEffects({
   }, [tabId])
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    const effectiveVisible = isVisible ?? isActive
-    if (!effectiveVisible) {
+    if (!isActive) {
       return
     }
     const container = containerRef.current
@@ -133,7 +118,7 @@ export function useTerminalPaneGlobalEffects({
       }
     }
     // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
-  }, [isActive, isVisible])
+  }, [isActive])
 
   useEffect(() => {
     return window.api.ui.onFileDrop(({ path, target }) => {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/use-terminal-pane-lifecycle.ts b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/use-terminal-pane-lifecycle.ts
index c7a0e36d1f4..346e51d201a 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/use-terminal-pane-lifecycle.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/use-terminal-pane-lifecycle.ts
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ type UseTerminalPaneLifecycleDeps = {
   paneTransportsRef: React.RefObject<Map<number, PtyTransport>>
   pendingWritesRef: React.RefObject<Map<number, string>>
   isActiveRef: React.RefObject<boolean>
-  effectiveVisibleRef: React.RefObject<boolean>
   onPtyExitRef: React.RefObject<(ptyId: string) => void>
   onPtyErrorRef?: React.RefObject<(paneId: number, message: string) => void>
   clearTabPtyId: (tabId: string, ptyId: string) => void
@@ -77,7 +76,6 @@ export function useTerminalPaneLifecycle({
   paneTransportsRef,
   pendingWritesRef,
   isActiveRef,
-  effectiveVisibleRef,
   onPtyExitRef,
   onPtyErrorRef,
   clearTabPtyId,
@@ -174,7 +172,6 @@ export function useTerminalPaneLifecycle({
       paneTransportsRef,
       pendingWritesRef,
       isActiveRef,
-      effectiveVisibleRef,
       onPtyExitRef,
       onPtyErrorRef,
       clearTabPtyId,
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/editor.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/editor.ts
index 2209c057597..f82c4c0edce 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/editor.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/editor.ts
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ export type EditorSlice = {
   hydrateEditorSession: (session: WorkspaceSessionState) => void
 }
 
-export const createEditorSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], EditorSlice> = (set, get) => ({
+export const createEditorSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], EditorSlice> = (set) => ({
   editorDrafts: {},
   setEditorDraft: (fileId, content) =>
     set((s) => ({
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ export const createEditorSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], EditorSlice> = (s
       }
     }),
 
-  openFile: (file, options) => {
+  openFile: (file, options) =>
     set((s) => {
       const id = file.filePath
       const existing = s.openFiles.find((f) => f.id === id)
@@ -393,13 +393,9 @@ export const createEditorSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], EditorSlice> = (s
         }
       }
 
-      // If opening as preview, replace the existing preview tab for this worktree.
-      // Why: in multi-group (split) mode, the worktree-wide preview replacement
-      // would remove an OpenFile still displayed in another group's EditorPanel.
-      // Unified tabs handle per-group preview replacement, so skip it here.
+      // If opening as preview, replace the existing preview tab for this worktree
       let newFiles = s.openFiles
-      const hasMultipleGroups = Boolean(s.layoutByWorktree?.[worktreeId])
-      if (isPreview && !hasMultipleGroups) {
+      if (isPreview) {
         const existingPreviewIdx = s.openFiles.findIndex(
           (f) => f.worktreeId === worktreeId && f.isPreview
         )
@@ -475,34 +471,7 @@ export const createEditorSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], EditorSlice> = (s
         ...tabBarUpdate,
         ...activeResult
       }
-    })
-
-    // Why: keep TabsSlice in sync so tab group splits can find and display
-    // editor tabs. The unified tab's ID matches the file's ID (filePath)
-    // so TabGroupPanel can correlate them.
-    const state = get()
-    if (state.createUnifiedTab) {
-      const contentType = file.mode === 'edit' ? 'editor' : file.mode
-      const fileId = file.filePath
-      const focusedGroupId = state.activeGroupIdByWorktree?.[file.worktreeId]
-      // Why: check if the file already has a unified tab in the FOCUSED group.
-      // Editor tabs can exist in multiple groups (via splits), so we must check
-      // the specific group rather than the whole worktree. If the file is open
-      // in group A but the user opens it from group B, we create a new tab in B.
-      const existingInFocusedGroup = (state.unifiedTabsByWorktree[file.worktreeId] ?? []).find(
-        (t) => t.id === fileId && t.groupId === focusedGroupId
-      )
-      if (!existingInFocusedGroup) {
-        state.createUnifiedTab(file.worktreeId, contentType, {
-          id: fileId,
-          label: file.relativePath,
-          isPreview: options?.preview
-        })
-      } else {
-        state.activateTab(fileId)
-      }
-    }
-  },
+    }),
 
   pinFile: (fileId) =>
     set((s) => {
@@ -520,7 +489,7 @@ export const createEditorSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], EditorSlice> = (s
   // remain visible until the file leaves the sidebar, the session resets, or
   // the file becomes live-unresolved again. trackedConflictPaths is tied to
   // sidebar presence, not tab lifecycle.
-  closeFile: (fileId) => {
+  closeFile: (fileId) =>
     set((s) => {
       const closedFile = s.openFiles.find((f) => f.id === fileId)
       const idx = s.openFiles.findIndex((f) => f.id === fileId)
@@ -578,18 +547,12 @@ export const createEditorSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], EditorSlice> = (s
         markdownViewMode: newMarkdownViewMode,
         pendingEditorReveal: null
       }
-    })
+    }),
 
-    // Why: keep TabsSlice in sync — remove the unified tab for this editor file.
-    get().closeUnifiedTab?.(fileId)
-  },
-
-  closeAllFiles: () => {
-    const closedFileIds: string[] = []
+  closeAllFiles: () =>
     set((s) => {
       const activeWorktreeId = s.activeWorktreeId
       if (!activeWorktreeId) {
-        closedFileIds.push(...s.openFiles.map((f) => f.id))
         return {
           openFiles: [],
           editorDrafts: {},
@@ -600,8 +563,6 @@ export const createEditorSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], EditorSlice> = (s
         }
       }
       // Only close files for the current worktree
-      const closing = s.openFiles.filter((f) => f.worktreeId === activeWorktreeId)
-      closedFileIds.push(...closing.map((f) => f.id))
       const newFiles = s.openFiles.filter((f) => f.worktreeId !== activeWorktreeId)
       const remainingFileIds = new Set(newFiles.map((f) => f.id))
       const newEditorDrafts = Object.fromEntries(
@@ -628,16 +589,7 @@ export const createEditorSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], EditorSlice> = (s
         // to an old match unexpectedly.
         pendingEditorReveal: null
       }
-    })
-
-    // Why: keep TabsSlice in sync — remove unified tabs for closed editor files.
-    const state = get()
-    if (state.closeUnifiedTab) {
-      for (const fileId of closedFileIds) {
-        state.closeUnifiedTab(fileId)
-      }
-    }
-  },
+    }),
 
   setActiveFile: (fileId) =>
     set((s) => {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tab-group-layout-ops.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tab-group-layout-ops.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index fabd9a8a05f..00000000000
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tab-group-layout-ops.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-import type { TabGroupLayoutNode, TabGroupSplitDirection } from '../../../../shared/types'
-
-/**
- * Replace a leaf node with a new node (typically a split containing the original leaf
- * and a new leaf). Used by splitTabToGroup to insert a new group adjacent to an existing one.
- */
-export function replaceLeaf(
-  root: TabGroupLayoutNode,
-  targetGroupId: string,
-  replacement: TabGroupLayoutNode
-): TabGroupLayoutNode {
-  if (root.type === 'leaf') {
-    return root.groupId === targetGroupId ? replacement : root
-  }
-  return {
-    ...root,
-    first: replaceLeaf(root.first, targetGroupId, replacement),
-    second: replaceLeaf(root.second, targetGroupId, replacement)
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * Build the split node that replaces a leaf when splitting a group.
- * `position` is where the NEW group appears relative to the original.
- */
-export function buildSplitNode(
-  existingGroupId: string,
-  newGroupId: string,
-  direction: TabGroupSplitDirection,
-  position: 'first' | 'second'
-): TabGroupLayoutNode {
-  const existingLeaf: TabGroupLayoutNode = { type: 'leaf', groupId: existingGroupId }
-  const newLeaf: TabGroupLayoutNode = { type: 'leaf', groupId: newGroupId }
-  return {
-    type: 'split',
-    direction,
-    first: position === 'first' ? newLeaf : existingLeaf,
-    second: position === 'second' ? newLeaf : existingLeaf
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * Remove a leaf and promote its sibling to take the parent's place.
- * Returns null if the root itself is the removed leaf (tree is now empty).
- */
-export function removeLeaf(root: TabGroupLayoutNode, groupId: string): TabGroupLayoutNode | null {
-  if (root.type === 'leaf') {
-    return root.groupId === groupId ? null : root
-  }
-
-  // If one direct child is the target leaf, promote the other child
-  if (root.first.type === 'leaf' && root.first.groupId === groupId) {
-    return root.second
-  }
-  if (root.second.type === 'leaf' && root.second.groupId === groupId) {
-    return root.first
-  }
-
-  // Recurse into children
-  const newFirst = removeLeaf(root.first, groupId)
-  const newSecond = removeLeaf(root.second, groupId)
-
-  // If a subtree collapsed to null, promote the other
-  if (newFirst === null) {
-    return newSecond
-  }
-  if (newSecond === null) {
-    return newFirst
-  }
-
-  return { ...root, first: newFirst, second: newSecond }
-}
-
-/**
- * Find the nearest sibling group for focus fallback when a group is removed.
- * Returns the groupId of the sibling in the same parent split, or null.
- */
-export function findSiblingGroupId(root: TabGroupLayoutNode, groupId: string): string | null {
-  if (root.type === 'leaf') {
-    return null
-  }
-
-  // Check if one direct child is the target — if so, return first leaf of the other
-  if (root.first.type === 'leaf' && root.first.groupId === groupId) {
-    return firstLeafGroupId(root.second)
-  }
-  if (root.second.type === 'leaf' && root.second.groupId === groupId) {
-    return firstLeafGroupId(root.first)
-  }
-
-  // Recurse
-  return findSiblingGroupId(root.first, groupId) ?? findSiblingGroupId(root.second, groupId)
-}
-
-/** Collect all group IDs present in the layout tree. */
-export function collectGroupIds(root: TabGroupLayoutNode): string[] {
-  if (root.type === 'leaf') {
-    return [root.groupId]
-  }
-  return [...collectGroupIds(root.first), ...collectGroupIds(root.second)]
-}
-
-function firstLeafGroupId(node: TabGroupLayoutNode): string {
-  if (node.type === 'leaf') {
-    return node.groupId
-  }
-  return firstLeafGroupId(node.first)
-}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-bulk-actions.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-bulk-actions.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e00eeab035a..00000000000
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-bulk-actions.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-import type { Tab, TabGroup } from '../../../../shared/types'
-import { findTabAndWorktree, findGroupForTab, updateGroup } from './tabs-helpers'
-
-type TabsBulkState = {
-  unifiedTabsByWorktree: Record<string, Tab[]>
-  groupsByWorktree: Record<string, TabGroup[]>
-}
-
-type SetGet = {
-  set: (fn: (s: TabsBulkState) => Partial<TabsBulkState>) => void
-  get: () => TabsBulkState
-}
-
-export function createCloseOtherTabs({ set, get }: SetGet) {
-  return (tabId: string): string[] => {
-    const state = get()
-    const found = findTabAndWorktree(state.unifiedTabsByWorktree, tabId)
-    if (!found) {
-      return []
-    }
-
-    const { tab, worktreeId } = found
-    const group = findGroupForTab(state.groupsByWorktree, worktreeId, tab.groupId)
-    if (!group) {
-      return []
-    }
-
-    const tabs = state.unifiedTabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []
-    const closedIds = tabs
-      .filter((t) => t.id !== tabId && !t.isPinned && t.groupId === group.id)
-      .map((t) => t.id)
-
-    if (closedIds.length === 0) {
-      return []
-    }
-
-    const closedSet = new Set(closedIds)
-
-    set((s) => {
-      const currentTabs = s.unifiedTabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []
-      const remainingTabs = currentTabs.filter((t) => !closedSet.has(t.id))
-      const remainingOrder = group.tabOrder.filter((tid) => !closedSet.has(tid))
-      const updatedGroupObj: TabGroup = { ...group, activeTabId: tabId, tabOrder: remainingOrder }
-
-      return {
-        unifiedTabsByWorktree: { ...s.unifiedTabsByWorktree, [worktreeId]: remainingTabs },
-        groupsByWorktree: {
-          ...s.groupsByWorktree,
-          [worktreeId]: updateGroup(s.groupsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? [], updatedGroupObj)
-        }
-      }
-    })
-
-    return closedIds
-  }
-}
-
-export function createCloseTabsToRight({ set, get }: SetGet) {
-  return (tabId: string): string[] => {
-    const state = get()
-    const found = findTabAndWorktree(state.unifiedTabsByWorktree, tabId)
-    if (!found) {
-      return []
-    }
-
-    const { tab, worktreeId } = found
-    const group = findGroupForTab(state.groupsByWorktree, worktreeId, tab.groupId)
-    if (!group) {
-      return []
-    }
-
-    const idx = group.tabOrder.indexOf(tabId)
-    if (idx === -1) {
-      return []
-    }
-
-    const idsToRight = group.tabOrder.slice(idx + 1)
-    const tabs = state.unifiedTabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []
-    const tabMap = new Map(tabs.map((t) => [t.id, t]))
-
-    const closedIds = idsToRight.filter((tid) => {
-      const t = tabMap.get(tid)
-      return t && !t.isPinned
-    })
-
-    if (closedIds.length === 0) {
-      return []
-    }
-
-    const closedSet = new Set(closedIds)
-
-    set((s) => {
-      const currentTabs = s.unifiedTabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []
-      const remainingTabs = currentTabs.filter((t) => !closedSet.has(t.id))
-      const remainingOrder = group.tabOrder.filter((tid) => !closedSet.has(tid))
-
-      const newActiveTabId = closedSet.has(group.activeTabId ?? '') ? tabId : group.activeTabId
-      const updatedGroupObj: TabGroup = {
-        ...group,
-        activeTabId: newActiveTabId,
-        tabOrder: remainingOrder
-      }
-
-      return {
-        unifiedTabsByWorktree: { ...s.unifiedTabsByWorktree, [worktreeId]: remainingTabs },
-        groupsByWorktree: {
-          ...s.groupsByWorktree,
-          [worktreeId]: updateGroup(s.groupsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? [], updatedGroupObj)
-        }
-      }
-    })
-
-    return closedIds
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-helpers.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-helpers.ts
index 1b29ad56ff1..59d14f4cbd8 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-helpers.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-helpers.ts
@@ -2,14 +2,10 @@ import type { Tab, TabGroup } from '../../../../shared/types'
 
 export function findTabAndWorktree(
   tabsByWorktree: Record<string, Tab[]>,
-  tabId: string,
-  // Why: editor tabs can share the same ID (filePath) across groups when split.
-  // When provided, groupId narrows the search to a specific group so operations
-  // like close/activate target the correct group's tab, not the first match.
-  groupId?: string
+  tabId: string
 ): { tab: Tab; worktreeId: string } | null {
   for (const [worktreeId, tabs] of Object.entries(tabsByWorktree)) {
-    const tab = tabs.find((t) => t.id === tabId && (!groupId || t.groupId === groupId))
+    const tab = tabs.find((t) => t.id === tabId)
     if (tab) {
       return { tab, worktreeId }
     }
@@ -29,23 +25,12 @@ export function findGroupForTab(
 export function ensureGroup(
   groupsByWorktree: Record<string, TabGroup[]>,
   activeGroupIdByWorktree: Record<string, string>,
-  worktreeId: string,
-  targetGroupId?: string
+  worktreeId: string
 ): {
   group: TabGroup
   groupsByWorktree: Record<string, TabGroup[]>
   activeGroupIdByWorktree: Record<string, string>
 } {
-  // Why: in multi-group mode, new tabs must go to the group the user is
-  // interacting with. targetGroupId is checked first so the caller can
-  // direct creation into a specific group rather than always landing in [0].
-  if (targetGroupId) {
-    const target = groupsByWorktree[worktreeId]?.find((g) => g.id === targetGroupId)
-    if (target) {
-      return { group: target, groupsByWorktree, activeGroupIdByWorktree }
-    }
-  }
-
   const existing = groupsByWorktree[worktreeId]?.[0]
   if (existing) {
     return { group: existing, groupsByWorktree, activeGroupIdByWorktree }
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-hydration.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-hydration.ts
index b2aaf0f3f08..ee0cc2fd772 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-hydration.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-hydration.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,9 @@
-import type {
-  Tab,
-  TabGroup,
-  TabGroupLayoutNode,
-  WorkspaceSessionState
-} from '../../../../shared/types'
-import { collectGroupIds } from './tab-group-layout-ops'
+import type { Tab, TabGroup, WorkspaceSessionState } from '../../../../shared/types'
 
 type HydratedTabState = {
   unifiedTabsByWorktree: Record<string, Tab[]>
   groupsByWorktree: Record<string, TabGroup[]>
   activeGroupIdByWorktree: Record<string, string>
-  layoutByWorktree: Record<string, TabGroupLayoutNode>
 }
 
 function hydrateUnifiedFormat(
@@ -52,31 +45,7 @@ function hydrateUnifiedFormat(
     activeGroupIdByWorktree[worktreeId] = validatedGroups[0].id
   }
 
-  // Restore layout trees with validation
-  const layoutByWorktree: Record<string, TabGroupLayoutNode> = {}
-  if (session.tabGroupLayouts) {
-    for (const [worktreeId, layout] of Object.entries(session.tabGroupLayouts)) {
-      if (!validWorktreeIds.has(worktreeId)) {
-        continue
-      }
-      const validGroupIds = new Set((groupsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []).map((g) => g.id))
-      const layoutGroupIds = collectGroupIds(layout)
-      // Why: if any group ID in the layout tree is invalid (e.g. from a
-      // corrupted session), discard the entire layout. The groups and tabs
-      // still exist — the user just loses the split arrangement, which is
-      // safer than rendering a broken tree.
-      if (layoutGroupIds.every((id) => validGroupIds.has(id))) {
-        layoutByWorktree[worktreeId] = layout
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return {
-    unifiedTabsByWorktree: tabsByWorktree,
-    groupsByWorktree,
-    activeGroupIdByWorktree,
-    layoutByWorktree
-  }
+  return { unifiedTabsByWorktree: tabsByWorktree, groupsByWorktree, activeGroupIdByWorktree }
 }
 
 function hydrateLegacyFormat(
@@ -149,12 +118,7 @@ function hydrateLegacyFormat(
     activeGroupIdByWorktree[worktreeId] = groupId
   }
 
-  return {
-    unifiedTabsByWorktree: tabsByWorktree,
-    groupsByWorktree,
-    activeGroupIdByWorktree,
-    layoutByWorktree: {}
-  }
+  return { unifiedTabsByWorktree: tabsByWorktree, groupsByWorktree, activeGroupIdByWorktree }
 }
 
 export function buildHydratedTabState(
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-split-actions.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-split-actions.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 6604be202a6..00000000000
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs-split-actions.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
-import type { Tab, TabGroup, TabGroupLayoutNode } from '../../../../shared/types'
-import type { TabSplitDirection } from './tabs'
-import { findTabAndWorktree } from './tabs-helpers'
-import { replaceLeaf, buildSplitNode, removeLeaf, findSiblingGroupId } from './tab-group-layout-ops'
-
-type TabsState = {
-  unifiedTabsByWorktree: Record<string, Tab[]>
-  groupsByWorktree: Record<string, TabGroup[]>
-  activeGroupIdByWorktree: Record<string, string>
-  layoutByWorktree: Record<string, TabGroupLayoutNode>
-}
-
-type SetGet = {
-  set: (fn: (s: TabsState) => Partial<TabsState>) => void
-  get: () => TabsState
-}
-
-export function createSplitTabToGroup({ set, get }: SetGet) {
-  return (tabId: string, direction: TabSplitDirection): void => {
-    const state = get()
-    // Why: editor/diff tabs reuse the file path as their tab ID, so the same
-    // ID can appear in multiple groups after a split. Prefer the focused group
-    // to find the correct tab instance — the context menu's pointerDown event
-    // focuses the group before the split action fires.
-    let found: { tab: Tab; worktreeId: string } | null = null
-    for (const [wId, tabs] of Object.entries(state.unifiedTabsByWorktree)) {
-      const focusedGroupId = state.activeGroupIdByWorktree[wId]
-      if (focusedGroupId) {
-        const tab = tabs.find((t) => t.id === tabId && t.groupId === focusedGroupId)
-        if (tab) {
-          found = { tab, worktreeId: wId }
-          break
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    if (!found) {
-      found = findTabAndWorktree(state.unifiedTabsByWorktree, tabId)
-    }
-    if (!found) {
-      return
-    }
-
-    const { tab, worktreeId } = found
-    const sourceGroupId = tab.groupId
-
-    // Map user-facing direction to layout tree direction and position
-    const splitDirection = direction === 'left' || direction === 'right' ? 'horizontal' : 'vertical'
-    // Why: 'left'/'up' = new group appears as the *first* child (before the original),
-    // 'right'/'down' = new group appears as the *second* child (after the original).
-    const newGroupPosition = direction === 'left' || direction === 'up' ? 'first' : 'second'
-
-    const newGroupId = globalThis.crypto.randomUUID()
-    // Why: editor/diff tabs use filePath as their unified tab ID to match the
-    // OpenFile entry in EditorSlice. Reusing the source tab's ID lets
-    // TabGroupPanel.editorFiles match the OpenFile by ID. Terminal tabs always
-    // get a fresh UUID because each terminal has its own PTY lifecycle.
-    const newTabId = tab.contentType === 'terminal' ? globalThis.crypto.randomUUID() : tab.id
-
-    const newTab: Tab = {
-      id: newTabId,
-      groupId: newGroupId,
-      worktreeId,
-      contentType: tab.contentType,
-      label: tab.contentType === 'terminal' ? 'Terminal' : tab.label,
-      customLabel: null,
-      color: null,
-      sortOrder: 0,
-      createdAt: Date.now(),
-      isPreview: false,
-      isPinned: false
-    }
-
-    const newGroup: TabGroup = {
-      id: newGroupId,
-      worktreeId,
-      activeTabId: newTabId,
-      tabOrder: [newTabId]
-    }
-
-    set((s) => {
-      // Initialize the layout tree if it doesn't exist yet
-      const currentLayout: TabGroupLayoutNode = s.layoutByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? {
-        type: 'leaf',
-        groupId: sourceGroupId
-      }
-
-      const splitNode = buildSplitNode(sourceGroupId, newGroupId, splitDirection, newGroupPosition)
-      const newLayout = replaceLeaf(currentLayout, sourceGroupId, splitNode)
-
-      const existingTabs = s.unifiedTabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []
-      const existingGroups = s.groupsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []
-
-      return {
-        unifiedTabsByWorktree: {
-          ...s.unifiedTabsByWorktree,
-          [worktreeId]: [...existingTabs, newTab]
-        },
-        groupsByWorktree: {
-          ...s.groupsByWorktree,
-          [worktreeId]: [...existingGroups, newGroup]
-        },
-        layoutByWorktree: {
-          ...s.layoutByWorktree,
-          [worktreeId]: newLayout
-        },
-        activeGroupIdByWorktree: {
-          ...s.activeGroupIdByWorktree,
-          [worktreeId]: newGroupId
-        }
-      }
-    })
-  }
-}
-
-export function createFocusGroup({ set }: Pick<SetGet, 'set'>) {
-  return (worktreeId: string, groupId: string): void => {
-    set((s) => ({
-      activeGroupIdByWorktree: {
-        ...s.activeGroupIdByWorktree,
-        [worktreeId]: groupId
-      }
-    }))
-  }
-}
-
-export function createCloseGroupIfEmpty({ set, get }: SetGet) {
-  return (worktreeId: string, groupId: string): void => {
-    const state = get()
-    const tabs = state.unifiedTabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []
-    const groupHasTabs = tabs.some((t) => t.groupId === groupId)
-    if (groupHasTabs) {
-      return
-    }
-
-    const layout = state.layoutByWorktree[worktreeId]
-    if (!layout) {
-      // No layout tree means single group — just clean up the group record
-      set((s) => ({
-        groupsByWorktree: {
-          ...s.groupsByWorktree,
-          [worktreeId]: (s.groupsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []).filter((g) => g.id !== groupId)
-        }
-      }))
-      return
-    }
-
-    // Find a sibling group to receive focus before removing
-    const siblingId = findSiblingGroupId(layout, groupId)
-    const collapsed = removeLeaf(layout, groupId)
-
-    set((s) => {
-      const nextGroups = (s.groupsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []).filter((g) => g.id !== groupId)
-      const nextLayout = { ...s.layoutByWorktree }
-
-      // Why: keep a leaf layout even when collapsing to a single group so that
-      // TabGroupSplitLayout stays mounted — deleting the layout would unmount
-      // TabGroupPanel, destroying xterm instances and killing PTY processes.
-      if (!collapsed) {
-        delete nextLayout[worktreeId]
-      } else {
-        nextLayout[worktreeId] = collapsed
-      }
-
-      const nextActiveGroup = { ...s.activeGroupIdByWorktree }
-      if (s.activeGroupIdByWorktree[worktreeId] === groupId && siblingId) {
-        nextActiveGroup[worktreeId] = siblingId
-      }
-
-      return {
-        groupsByWorktree: { ...s.groupsByWorktree, [worktreeId]: nextGroups },
-        layoutByWorktree: nextLayout,
-        activeGroupIdByWorktree: nextActiveGroup
-      }
-    })
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs.test.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs.test.ts
index 8285cfb1d4c..956a1c4d8dd 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs.test.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs.test.ts
@@ -182,8 +182,7 @@ describe('TabsSlice', () => {
 
       expect(result?.wasLastTab).toBe(true)
       expect(store.getState().unifiedTabsByWorktree[WT]).toHaveLength(0)
-      // Why: closeGroupIfEmpty removes the empty group in single-group mode
-      expect(store.getState().groupsByWorktree[WT]).toHaveLength(0)
+      expect(store.getState().groupsByWorktree[WT][0].activeTabId).toBeNull()
     })
 
     it('does not change active tab when closing a non-active tab', () => {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs.ts
index 01bb7854884..3c52f7a98b1 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/tabs.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 import type { StateCreator } from 'zustand'
 import type { AppState } from '../types'
-import type {
-  Tab,
-  TabGroup,
-  TabContentType,
-  TabGroupLayoutNode,
-  WorkspaceSessionState
-} from '../../../../shared/types'
+import type { Tab, TabGroup, TabContentType, WorkspaceSessionState } from '../../../../shared/types'
 import {
   findTabAndWorktree,
   findGroupForTab,
@@ -16,21 +10,12 @@ import {
   patchTab
 } from './tabs-helpers'
 import { buildHydratedTabState } from './tabs-hydration'
-import {
-  createSplitTabToGroup,
-  createFocusGroup,
-  createCloseGroupIfEmpty
-} from './tabs-split-actions'
-import { createCloseOtherTabs, createCloseTabsToRight } from './tabs-bulk-actions'
-
-export type TabSplitDirection = 'left' | 'right' | 'up' | 'down'
 
 export type TabsSlice = {
   // ─── State ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   unifiedTabsByWorktree: Record<string, Tab[]>
   groupsByWorktree: Record<string, TabGroup[]>
   activeGroupIdByWorktree: Record<string, string>
-  layoutByWorktree: Record<string, TabGroupLayoutNode>
 
   // ─── Actions ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   createUnifiedTab: (
@@ -39,8 +24,7 @@ export type TabsSlice = {
     init?: Partial<Pick<Tab, 'id' | 'label' | 'customLabel' | 'color' | 'isPreview' | 'isPinned'>>
   ) => Tab
   closeUnifiedTab: (
-    tabId: string,
-    groupId?: string
+    tabId: string
   ) => { closedTabId: string; wasLastTab: boolean; worktreeId: string } | null
   activateTab: (tabId: string) => void
   reorderUnifiedTabs: (groupId: string, tabIds: string[]) => void
@@ -54,30 +38,23 @@ export type TabsSlice = {
   getActiveTab: (worktreeId: string) => Tab | null
   getTab: (tabId: string) => Tab | null
   hydrateTabsSession: (session: WorkspaceSessionState) => void
-  splitTabToGroup: (tabId: string, direction: TabSplitDirection) => void
-  focusGroup: (worktreeId: string, groupId: string) => void
-  closeGroupIfEmpty: (worktreeId: string, groupId: string) => void
 }
 
 export const createTabsSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], TabsSlice> = (set, get) => ({
   unifiedTabsByWorktree: {},
   groupsByWorktree: {},
   activeGroupIdByWorktree: {},
-  layoutByWorktree: {},
 
   createUnifiedTab: (worktreeId, contentType, init) => {
     const id = init?.id ?? globalThis.crypto.randomUUID()
     let tab!: Tab
 
     set((s) => {
-      // Why: pass the active (focused) group so new tabs land in the group
-      // the user is interacting with, not an arbitrary first group.
-      const targetGroupId = s.activeGroupIdByWorktree[worktreeId]
       const {
         group,
         groupsByWorktree: nextGroups,
         activeGroupIdByWorktree: nextActiveGroups
-      } = ensureGroup(s.groupsByWorktree, s.activeGroupIdByWorktree, worktreeId, targetGroupId)
+      } = ensureGroup(s.groupsByWorktree, s.activeGroupIdByWorktree, worktreeId)
 
       const existing = s.unifiedTabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []
 
@@ -87,11 +64,7 @@ export const createTabsSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], TabsSlice> = (set,
       if (init?.isPreview) {
         const existingPreview = existing.find((t) => t.isPreview && t.groupId === group.id)
         if (existingPreview) {
-          // Why: filter by both id AND groupId so editor tabs with the same
-          // filePath ID in other groups are not accidentally removed.
-          filtered = existing.filter(
-            (t) => !(t.id === existingPreview.id && t.groupId === existingPreview.groupId)
-          )
+          filtered = existing.filter((t) => t.id !== existingPreview.id)
           removedPreviewId = existingPreview.id
         }
       }
@@ -117,30 +90,22 @@ export const createTabsSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], TabsSlice> = (set,
 
       const updatedGroupObj: TabGroup = { ...group, activeTabId: tab.id, tabOrder: newTabOrder }
 
-      // Why: always ensure a layout exists so TabGroupSplitLayout can render
-      // for every worktree, even before a split. This avoids the single-group
-      // → split-group rendering transition that would unmount TerminalPanes.
-      const nextLayout = s.layoutByWorktree[worktreeId]
-        ? s.layoutByWorktree
-        : { ...s.layoutByWorktree, [worktreeId]: { type: 'leaf' as const, groupId: group.id } }
-
       return {
         unifiedTabsByWorktree: { ...s.unifiedTabsByWorktree, [worktreeId]: [...filtered, tab] },
         groupsByWorktree: {
           ...nextGroups,
           [worktreeId]: updateGroup(nextGroups[worktreeId] ?? [], updatedGroupObj)
         },
-        activeGroupIdByWorktree: nextActiveGroups,
-        layoutByWorktree: nextLayout
+        activeGroupIdByWorktree: nextActiveGroups
       }
     })
 
     return tab
   },
 
-  closeUnifiedTab: (tabId, groupId?) => {
+  closeUnifiedTab: (tabId) => {
     const state = get()
-    const found = findTabAndWorktree(state.unifiedTabsByWorktree, tabId, groupId)
+    const found = findTabAndWorktree(state.unifiedTabsByWorktree, tabId)
     if (!found) {
       return null
     }
@@ -161,9 +126,7 @@ export const createTabsSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], TabsSlice> = (set,
 
     set((s) => {
       const tabs = s.unifiedTabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []
-      // Why: editor tabs can share the same ID (filePath) across groups.
-      // Filter by both id and groupId to only remove the tab from this group.
-      const nextTabs = tabs.filter((t) => !(t.id === tabId && t.groupId === tab.groupId))
+      const nextTabs = tabs.filter((t) => t.id !== tabId)
       const updatedGroupObj: TabGroup = {
         ...group,
         activeTabId: newActiveTabId,
@@ -179,33 +142,12 @@ export const createTabsSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], TabsSlice> = (set,
       }
     })
 
-    // Why: when the last tab in a group is closed, collapse the layout tree
-    // so the empty group disappears and its sibling fills the space.
-    if (wasLastTab) {
-      get().closeGroupIfEmpty(worktreeId, tab.groupId)
-    }
-
     return { closedTabId: tabId, wasLastTab, worktreeId }
   },
 
   activateTab: (tabId) => {
     set((s) => {
-      // Why: editor/diff tabs share the same ID (filePath) across groups.
-      // Prefer the focused group so we activate the correct group's tab.
-      let found: { tab: Tab; worktreeId: string } | null = null
-      for (const [wId, tabs] of Object.entries(s.unifiedTabsByWorktree)) {
-        const focusedGroupId = s.activeGroupIdByWorktree[wId]
-        if (focusedGroupId) {
-          const tab = tabs.find((t) => t.id === tabId && t.groupId === focusedGroupId)
-          if (tab) {
-            found = { tab, worktreeId: wId }
-            break
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if (!found) {
-        found = findTabAndWorktree(s.unifiedTabsByWorktree, tabId)
-      }
+      const found = findTabAndWorktree(s.unifiedTabsByWorktree, tabId)
       if (!found) {
         return {}
       }
@@ -276,8 +218,104 @@ export const createTabsSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], TabsSlice> = (set,
     set((s) => patchTab(s.unifiedTabsByWorktree, tabId, { isPinned: false }) ?? {})
   },
 
-  closeOtherTabs: createCloseOtherTabs({ set, get }),
-  closeTabsToRight: createCloseTabsToRight({ set, get }),
+  closeOtherTabs: (tabId) => {
+    const state = get()
+    const found = findTabAndWorktree(state.unifiedTabsByWorktree, tabId)
+    if (!found) {
+      return []
+    }
+
+    const { tab, worktreeId } = found
+    const group = findGroupForTab(state.groupsByWorktree, worktreeId, tab.groupId)
+    if (!group) {
+      return []
+    }
+
+    const tabs = state.unifiedTabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []
+    const closedIds = tabs
+      .filter((t) => t.id !== tabId && !t.isPinned && t.groupId === group.id)
+      .map((t) => t.id)
+
+    if (closedIds.length === 0) {
+      return []
+    }
+
+    const closedSet = new Set(closedIds)
+
+    set((s) => {
+      const currentTabs = s.unifiedTabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []
+      const remainingTabs = currentTabs.filter((t) => !closedSet.has(t.id))
+      const remainingOrder = group.tabOrder.filter((tid) => !closedSet.has(tid))
+      const updatedGroupObj: TabGroup = { ...group, activeTabId: tabId, tabOrder: remainingOrder }
+
+      return {
+        unifiedTabsByWorktree: { ...s.unifiedTabsByWorktree, [worktreeId]: remainingTabs },
+        groupsByWorktree: {
+          ...s.groupsByWorktree,
+          [worktreeId]: updateGroup(s.groupsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? [], updatedGroupObj)
+        }
+      }
+    })
+
+    return closedIds
+  },
+
+  closeTabsToRight: (tabId) => {
+    const state = get()
+    const found = findTabAndWorktree(state.unifiedTabsByWorktree, tabId)
+    if (!found) {
+      return []
+    }
+
+    const { tab, worktreeId } = found
+    const group = findGroupForTab(state.groupsByWorktree, worktreeId, tab.groupId)
+    if (!group) {
+      return []
+    }
+
+    const idx = group.tabOrder.indexOf(tabId)
+    if (idx === -1) {
+      return []
+    }
+
+    const idsToRight = group.tabOrder.slice(idx + 1)
+    const tabs = state.unifiedTabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []
+    const tabMap = new Map(tabs.map((t) => [t.id, t]))
+
+    const closedIds = idsToRight.filter((tid) => {
+      const t = tabMap.get(tid)
+      return t && !t.isPinned
+    })
+
+    if (closedIds.length === 0) {
+      return []
+    }
+
+    const closedSet = new Set(closedIds)
+
+    set((s) => {
+      const currentTabs = s.unifiedTabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []
+      const remainingTabs = currentTabs.filter((t) => !closedSet.has(t.id))
+      const remainingOrder = group.tabOrder.filter((tid) => !closedSet.has(tid))
+
+      const newActiveTabId = closedSet.has(group.activeTabId ?? '') ? tabId : group.activeTabId
+      const updatedGroupObj: TabGroup = {
+        ...group,
+        activeTabId: newActiveTabId,
+        tabOrder: remainingOrder
+      }
+
+      return {
+        unifiedTabsByWorktree: { ...s.unifiedTabsByWorktree, [worktreeId]: remainingTabs },
+        groupsByWorktree: {
+          ...s.groupsByWorktree,
+          [worktreeId]: updateGroup(s.groupsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? [], updatedGroupObj)
+        }
+      }
+    })
+
+    return closedIds
+  },
 
   getActiveTab: (worktreeId) => {
     const state = get()
@@ -310,9 +348,5 @@ export const createTabsSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], TabsSlice> = (set,
         .map((w) => w.id)
     )
     set(buildHydratedTabState(session, validWorktreeIds))
-  },
-
-  splitTabToGroup: createSplitTabToGroup({ set, get }),
-  focusGroup: createFocusGroup({ set }),
-  closeGroupIfEmpty: createCloseGroupIfEmpty({ set, get })
+  }
 })
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/terminals.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/terminals.ts
index 65f7c703e39..0ebf644ef46 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/slices/terminals.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/store/slices/terminals.ts
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export type TerminalSlice = {
   workspaceSessionReady: boolean
   pendingReconnectWorktreeIds: string[]
   pendingReconnectTabByWorktree: Record<string, string[]>
-  createTab: (worktreeId: string, tabId?: string) => TerminalTab
+  createTab: (worktreeId: string) => TerminalTab
   closeTab: (tabId: string) => void
   reorderTabs: (worktreeId: string, tabIds: string[]) => void
   setTabBarOrder: (worktreeId: string, order: string[]) => void
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ export const createTerminalSlice: StateCreator<AppState, [], [], TerminalSlice>
     }
   },
 
-  createTab: (worktreeId, tabId) => {
-    const id = tabId ?? globalThis.crypto.randomUUID()
+  createTab: (worktreeId) => {
+    const id = globalThis.crypto.randomUUID()
     let tab!: TerminalTab
     set((s) => {
       const existing = s.tabsByWorktree[worktreeId] ?? []
diff --git a/src/shared/types.ts b/src/shared/types.ts
index 7213a08bf40..cac4f4ee626 100644
--- a/src/shared/types.ts
+++ b/src/shared/types.ts
@@ -55,20 +55,6 @@ export type WorktreeMeta = {
   lastActivityAt: number
 }
 
-// ─── Tab Group Layout ─────────────────────────────────────────────
-export type TabGroupSplitDirection = 'horizontal' | 'vertical'
-
-/** Recursive binary tree describing how tab groups are arranged in the workspace.
- *  Mirrors the TerminalPaneLayoutNode pattern used for intra-tab pane splits. */
-export type TabGroupLayoutNode =
-  | { type: 'leaf'; groupId: string }
-  | {
-      type: 'split'
-      direction: TabGroupSplitDirection
-      first: TabGroupLayoutNode
-      second: TabGroupLayoutNode
-    }
-
 // ─── Unified Tab ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 export type TabContentType = 'terminal' | 'editor' | 'diff' | 'conflict-review'
 
@@ -170,9 +156,6 @@ export type WorkspaceSessionState = {
   unifiedTabs?: Record<string, Tab[]>
   /** Tab group model — present alongside unifiedTabs. */
   tabGroups?: Record<string, TabGroup[]>
-  /** Layout tree for tab group splits, keyed by worktree ID.
-   *  Absent when all worktrees use the default single-group layout. */
-  tabGroupLayouts?: Record<string, TabGroupLayoutNode>
 }
 
 // ─── GitHub ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────