diff --git a/src/main/orca-profiles/profile-cloud-session-refresh.test.ts b/src/main/orca-profiles/profile-cloud-session-refresh.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0a4d5b9e0cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/orca-profiles/profile-cloud-session-refresh.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import type { OrcaCloudAuthConfig } from './profile-cloud-auth-config'
+import type * as ProfileCloudClient from './profile-cloud-client'
+import type { ActiveOrcaProfileState } from './profile-index-store'
+
+const { readMock, saveMock, clearMock, refreshMock, linkMock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  readMock: vi.fn(),
+  saveMock: vi.fn(),
+  clearMock: vi.fn(),
+  refreshMock: vi.fn(),
+  linkMock: vi.fn()
+}))
+
+vi.mock('./profile-cloud-session-store', () => ({
+  readOrcaCloudSession: readMock,
+  saveOrcaCloudSession: saveMock,
+  clearOrcaCloudSession: clearMock
+}))
+
+vi.mock('./profile-cloud-client', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const original = await importOriginal<typeof ProfileCloudClient>()
+  return { ...original, refreshOrcaCloudSession: refreshMock }
+})
+
+vi.mock('./profile-cloud-index', () => ({ linkOrcaProfileToCloud: linkMock }))
+
+import { readFreshOrcaCloudSession } from './profile-cloud-session-refresh'
+
+const config = {} as OrcaCloudAuthConfig
+const active = { profile: { id: 'profile-1' } } as ActiveOrcaProfileState
+const staleSession = {
+  accessToken: 'old-access',
+  refreshToken: 'one-use-refresh',
+  expiresAt: 1,
+  organizations: [],
+  capabilities: { flags: {}, refreshedAt: 1 }
+}
+
+describe('profile cloud session refresh', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+    readMock.mockReturnValue({ status: 'found', session: staleSession, persistence: 'memory-only' })
+  })
+
+  it('single-flights concurrent rotating refresh-token use per profile and store', async () => {
+    let resolveRefresh!: (value: Record<string, unknown>) => void
+    refreshMock.mockReturnValue(new Promise((resolve) => (resolveRefresh = resolve)))
+
+    const first = readFreshOrcaCloudSession(config, active, '/data')
+    const second = readFreshOrcaCloudSession(config, active, '/data')
+    expect(refreshMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+
+    resolveRefresh({
+      accessToken: 'new-access',
+      refreshToken: 'new-refresh',
+      expiresAt: Date.now() + 600_000,
+      organizations: [],
+      capabilities: { flags: { 'relay.use': true }, refreshedAt: 2 },
+      cloud: { userId: 'user-1' }
+    })
+
+    const [firstResult, secondResult] = await Promise.all([first, second])
+    expect(firstResult).toEqual(secondResult)
+    expect(saveMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(linkMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+})