diff --git a/src/main/persistence/window-save-divergence-values.ts b/src/main/persistence/window-save-divergence-values.ts
index 00467df2d6c..64089857674 100644
--- a/src/main/persistence/window-save-divergence-values.ts
+++ b/src/main/persistence/window-save-divergence-values.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ const ID_KEYS = new Set([
  * launch env and transcript path; editor views carry git snapshots): only their size is logged.
  */
 const OPAQUE_RECORDS = new Set(['file', 'editor view'])
-const OPAQUE_FIELDS = new Set(['sleeping', 'value'])
+const OPAQUE_FIELDS = new Set(['sleeping', 'resume', 'value'])
 const MAX_SHOWN_ID_LENGTH = 80
 /** A daemon terminal id embeds its worktree id, which may be a long path. */
 const MAX_SHOWN_PTY_ID_LENGTH = 256
diff --git a/src/main/persistence/window-save-divergence.ts b/src/main/persistence/window-save-divergence.ts
index 5835293ed74..1b57385a955 100644
--- a/src/main/persistence/window-save-divergence.ts
+++ b/src/main/persistence/window-save-divergence.ts
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import { compactFieldChanges, type FieldChange } from './window-save-divergence-
 const LOG_PATH_ENV = 'ORCA_LAYOUT_SAVE_DIVERGENCE_LOG'
 const MAX_PATHS = 12
 /** A pane's terminal binding and resume record: main writes them on every spawn and capture. */
-const BINDING_FIELDS = new Set(['ptyId', 'incarnationId', 'sleeping'])
+const BINDING_FIELDS = new Set(['ptyId', 'incarnationId', 'sleeping', 'resume'])
 
 /** `values`: main's and the save's values of each changed field, content left out. */
 export type WindowSaveDivergence = { workspace: string; paths: string[]; values?: FieldChange[] }
diff --git a/src/main/persistence/window-save-reconnect-facts.test.ts b/src/main/persistence/window-save-reconnect-facts.test.ts
index 06048e48091..703827560b2 100644
--- a/src/main/persistence/window-save-reconnect-facts.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/persistence/window-save-reconnect-facts.test.ts
@@ -113,6 +113,31 @@ describe('what the next startup reconnects comes from main, not the window’s s
     expect(saved.activeWorktreeIdsOnShutdown).toEqual([])
   })
 
+  it.each(['live', 'quit'] as const)(
+    'a running agent’s %s resume record is not a sleep: its relay session reconnects',
+    (origin) => {
+      const stored = sshPartition()
+      stored.sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey = {
+        [`tab-s:${leaf(3)}`]: {
+          paneKey: `tab-s:${leaf(3)}`,
+          worktreeId: SSH_KEY,
+          agent: 'codex',
+          providerSession: { key: 'session_id', id: 'sess-1' },
+          prompt: '',
+          state: 'working',
+          capturedAt: 1,
+          updatedAt: 1,
+          origin
+        }
+      }
+
+      const saved = windowViewSaveForMain(stored, stored, SSH_HOST, factsFor([], []))
+
+      expect(saved.remoteSessionIdsByTabId).toEqual({ 'tab-s': RELAY })
+      expect(saved.activeWorktreeIdsOnShutdown).toEqual([SSH_KEY])
+    }
+  )
+
   it('a target the user left offline is not redialed; a connected one is', () => {
     const stored = sshPartition()
 
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/terminal/recovery/shutdown-reconnect-facts.ts b/src/main/runtime/terminal/recovery/shutdown-reconnect-facts.ts
index d44e0b312ba..2e1da5d8bba 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/terminal/recovery/shutdown-reconnect-facts.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/terminal/recovery/shutdown-reconnect-facts.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // terminal records and its SSH connections, never taken from a window's save. The rules are the
 // window's (buildTerminalSessionData, buildActiveConnectionIdsAtShutdown), read from main's state.
 
+import { isPaneSleepRecord } from '../../../../shared/agent-session-resume'
 import { isOwnedSshTargetId } from '../../../../shared/execution-host'
 import { parseAppSshPtyId } from '../../../../shared/ssh-pty-id'
 import type { SshConnectionStatus } from '../../../../shared/ssh-types'
@@ -28,14 +29,19 @@ function tabPtyIds(session: WorkspaceSessionState, tabId: string, tabPtyId: stri
   const layout = session.terminalLayoutsByTabId[tabId]
   const byLeaf = layout?.ptyIdsByLeafId ?? {}
   const leafIds = collectLayoutLeafIdsInOrder(layout?.root ?? null)
-  const sleeping = session.sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey ?? {}
+  const records = session.sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey ?? {}
+  // A running agent's live or quit resume record is not a sleep.
+  const slept = (leafId: string | undefined): boolean => {
+    const record = leafId ? records[`${tabId}:${leafId}`] : undefined
+    return record !== undefined && isPaneSleepRecord(record)
+  }
   const panes = leafIds.flatMap((leafId) => {
     const ptyId = byLeaf[leafId]
-    return ptyId ? [{ ptyId, sleeping: Boolean(sleeping[`${tabId}:${leafId}`]) }] : []
+    return ptyId ? [{ ptyId, sleeping: slept(leafId) }] : []
   })
   // A tab-level id is its single pane's: slept when that pane is.
   if (tabPtyId && !panes.some((pane) => pane.ptyId === tabPtyId)) {
-    const solePaneSleeping = leafIds.length === 1 && Boolean(sleeping[`${tabId}:${leafIds[0]}`])
+    const solePaneSleeping = leafIds.length === 1 && slept(leafIds[0])
     panes.push({ ptyId: tabPtyId, sleeping: solePaneSleeping })
   }
   return panes
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/terminal/surface/terminal-surface-verdict-main.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/terminal/surface/terminal-surface-verdict-main.test.ts
index 4f0720650e2..1893785acc5 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/terminal/surface/terminal-surface-verdict-main.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/terminal/surface/terminal-surface-verdict-main.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
 import { HEADLESS_LEAF_ID, TEST_WORKTREE_ID } from '../../orca-runtime-test-fixtures.spec'
 import { makePaneKey } from '../../../../shared/stable-pane-id'
+import type { SleepingAgentSessionRecord } from '../../../../shared/agent-session-resume'
 import type { PaneStartStatuses } from '../../pane-start-statuses'
 import { SURFACE_TAB_ID, surfaceRuntime } from './terminal-surface-replies.test-fixture'
 
@@ -8,9 +9,10 @@ vi.mock('../../../../shared/layout-owner-switch', () => ({ ORCA_LAYOUT_OWNER_IS_
 
 const PANE_KEY = makePaneKey(SURFACE_TAB_ID, HEADLESS_LEAF_ID)
 
-/** The scenario with its first pane holding a sleeping agent record (a pane with a status). */
+/** The scenario with its first pane holding an agent resume record (a sleep record by default). */
 function sleepingPaneRuntime(
-  hostLists?: () => readonly string[]
+  hostLists?: () => readonly string[],
+  origin?: SleepingAgentSessionRecord['origin']
 ): ReturnType<typeof surfaceRuntime> {
   const harness = surfaceRuntime({ hostLists })
   const session = harness.store.getSession()
@@ -26,7 +28,8 @@ function sleepingPaneRuntime(
         prompt: '',
         state: 'done',
         capturedAt: 1,
-        updatedAt: 1
+        updatedAt: 1,
+        ...(origin ? { origin } : {})
       }
     }
   })
@@ -68,6 +71,30 @@ describe("main's pane verdicts (switch on)", () => {
     }
   )
 
+  // A running agent's resume record ('live', or 'quit' on a warm reattach) is not a sleep.
+  it.each(['live', 'quit'] as const)(
+    "a pane bound to a running terminal with a '%s' resume record is connected and live",
+    async (origin) => {
+      const { runtime } = sleepingPaneRuntime(undefined, origin)
+
+      expect(await firstPaneRow(runtime)).toEqual({
+        connected: true,
+        writable: true,
+        verdict: 'live'
+      })
+    }
+  )
+
+  it("a pane with a 'worktree-sleep' record still reads as sleeping", async () => {
+    const { runtime } = sleepingPaneRuntime(undefined, 'worktree-sleep')
+
+    expect(await firstPaneRow(runtime)).toEqual({
+      connected: false,
+      writable: false,
+      verdict: 'unverifiable'
+    })
+  })
+
   it('a sleeping pane whose terminal the host reports absent is exited', async () => {
     let hostLists = ['pty-a', 'pty-b']
     const { runtime } = sleepingPaneRuntime(() => hostLists)
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/empty-reattach-retire-evidence.ts b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/empty-reattach-retire-evidence.ts
index c19b5e5f09e..d1f12a95cb8 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/empty-reattach-retire-evidence.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/terminal-pane/pty-connection/empty-reattach-retire-evidence.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import { isRemoteRuntimePtyId } from '../../../../../shared/remote-runtime-pty-id'
-import type { SleepingAgentSessionRecord } from '../../../../../shared/agent-session-resume'
+import {
+  isPaneSleepRecord,
+  type SleepingAgentSessionRecord
+} from '../../../../../shared/agent-session-resume'
 import type { ColdRestoreAgentResumeStartup } from './fresh-spawn-types'
 
 // Why not activationTreatsNoteAsFinished: a live+done note is a finished turn's idle anchor for a running pane, not sleep.
 export function isHibernationDoneRecord(record: SleepingAgentSessionRecord): boolean {
-  return (
-    (record.origin === undefined || record.origin === 'worktree-sleep') && record.state === 'done'
-  )
+  return isPaneSleepRecord(record) && record.state === 'done'
 }
 
 // Why: never remote, where disconnect() only closes this viewer's stream, so the retry re-lands on the same live PTY and loops.
diff --git a/src/shared/agent-session-resume.ts b/src/shared/agent-session-resume.ts
index 515108693af..d9fb75fa5cc 100644
--- a/src/shared/agent-session-resume.ts
+++ b/src/shared/agent-session-resume.ts
@@ -85,6 +85,11 @@ export type SleepingAgentSessionRecord = {
   restoreOnTabOpenOnly?: boolean
 }
 
+/** A record of a slept pane (worktree sleep, or a legacy record); 'quit'/'live' resume a running agent. */
+export function isPaneSleepRecord(record: Pick<SleepingAgentSessionRecord, 'origin'>): boolean {
+  return record.origin === undefined || record.origin === 'worktree-sleep'
+}
+
 const RESUMABLE_TUI_AGENT_SET: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(RESUMABLE_TUI_AGENTS)
 const PROVIDER_SESSION_ID_MAX_LENGTH = 512
 
diff --git a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-command-persistence.test.ts b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-command-persistence.test.ts
index 74740306b99..2675106ec4e 100644
--- a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-command-persistence.test.ts
+++ b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-command-persistence.test.ts
@@ -91,11 +91,11 @@ describe('a terminal tab whose tab-bar id and terminal id differ', () => {
     )
     const newLeaf = split.results[0]!.leafId!
     expect(split.results[0]!.paneKey).toBe(`term-agent:${newLeaf}`)
-    const record = loaded.layout.workspaces[GIT_KEY]!.leaves![leaf(3)]!.sleeping!
+    const record = loaded.layout.workspaces[GIT_KEY]!.leaves![leaf(3)]!.resume!
     const slept = build(
       context,
       [
-        { type: 'wake', workspace: GIT_KEY, paneKeys: [`term-agent:${leaf(3)}`] },
+        { type: 'wake', workspace: GIT_KEY, paneKeys: [`term-agent:${leaf(3)}`], recordOnly: true },
         {
           type: 'sleep',
           workspace: GIT_KEY,
diff --git a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-commands.test.ts b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-commands.test.ts
index 697dfd947db..6e44c49f006 100644
--- a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-commands.test.ts
+++ b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-commands.test.ts
@@ -333,9 +333,10 @@ describe('layout command refusals', () => {
     const recorded = applyLayoutCommand(bound, { ...sleep, recordOnly: true }, context)
     expect(recorded).toMatchObject({ ok: true, effects: { stopPtyIds: [] } })
     const recordedModel = recorded.ok ? recorded.model : bound
+    // A running agent's capture is its resume record, not a sleep.
     expect(recordedModel.workspaces[WS]!.leaves![leafB]).toEqual({
       ptyId: 'pty-b',
-      sleeping: {
+      resume: {
         agent: 'codex',
         providerSession: { key: 'session_id', id: 's' },
         prompt: 'p',
diff --git a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-disk-fields.ts b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-disk-fields.ts
index 085d2ef8302..860671875c6 100644
--- a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-disk-fields.ts
+++ b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-disk-fields.ts
@@ -69,8 +69,9 @@ type PartSources = {
     | Prefixed<'browserTab', keyof LayoutBrowserTab>
     // `$key`: the map key the entry is stored under.
     // `ptyGeneration` is in memory only: a load starts every pane's count afresh.
-    | Prefixed<'leaf', Exclude<keyof LayoutLeaf, 'sleeping' | 'ptyGeneration'> | '$key'>
+    | Prefixed<'leaf', Exclude<keyof LayoutLeaf, 'sleeping' | 'resume' | 'ptyGeneration'> | '$key'>
     | Prefixed<'leaf.sleeping', keyof LayoutSleepingRecord>
+    | Prefixed<'leaf.resume', keyof LayoutSleepingRecord>
     | Prefixed<'closedTab', keyof LayoutClosedTab>
   desktopView:
     | Prefixed<'view', Exclude<keyof DesktopLayoutView, 'groups' | 'panes' | 'editorDrafts'>>
@@ -93,9 +94,12 @@ export type LayoutSource = {
   [Part in keyof LoadedWorkspaceLayout]: PartSources[Part]
 }[keyof LoadedWorkspaceLayout]
 
-/** `from`: the one source. `via`: sources that only select or validate (a fallback, a filter). */
+/**
+ * `from`: the one source. `via`: sources that only select or validate (a fallback, a filter).
+ * `orFrom`: a second holder of the same fact; each record is held by exactly one of the two.
+ */
 export type DiskFieldWritten =
-  | { from: LayoutSource; via?: readonly LayoutSource[] }
+  | { from: LayoutSource; orFrom?: LayoutSource; via?: readonly LayoutSource[] }
   | 'unwritten'
   /** A map of per-workspace lists: only which keys it holds is compared. */
   | 'container'
@@ -227,25 +231,28 @@ const BROWSER = {
 const PANE_KEY = { from: 'leaf.$key', via: ['tab.entityId', 'tab.panes.root'] } as const
 const paneRecord = <Source extends `leaf.${string}`>(from: Source) =>
   ({ from, via: ['tab.panes.root'] }) as const
+/** A resume record field: from a slept pane's record or a running agent's, never both. */
+const resumeRecord = <Field extends keyof LayoutSleepingRecord>(field: Field) =>
+  ({ ...paneRecord(`leaf.sleeping.${field}`), orFrom: `leaf.resume.${field}` }) as const
 
 const SLEEPING = {
   paneKey: PANE_KEY,
   tabId: PANE_KEY,
   worktreeId: { from: 'workspace.worktreeId', via: ['tab.panes.root'] },
-  agent: paneRecord('leaf.sleeping.agent'),
-  providerSession: paneRecord('leaf.sleeping.providerSession'),
-  prompt: paneRecord('leaf.sleeping.prompt'),
-  state: paneRecord('leaf.sleeping.state'),
-  capturedAt: paneRecord('leaf.sleeping.capturedAt'),
-  updatedAt: paneRecord('leaf.sleeping.updatedAt'),
-  terminalTitle: paneRecord('leaf.sleeping.terminalTitle'),
-  lastAssistantMessage: paneRecord('leaf.sleeping.lastAssistantMessage'),
-  interrupted: paneRecord('leaf.sleeping.interrupted'),
-  mainAgent: paneRecord('leaf.sleeping.mainAgent'),
-  connectionId: paneRecord('leaf.sleeping.connectionId'),
-  launchConfig: paneRecord('leaf.sleeping.launchConfig'),
-  origin: paneRecord('leaf.sleeping.origin'),
-  restoreOnTabOpenOnly: paneRecord('leaf.sleeping.restoreOnTabOpenOnly')
+  agent: resumeRecord('agent'),
+  providerSession: resumeRecord('providerSession'),
+  prompt: resumeRecord('prompt'),
+  state: resumeRecord('state'),
+  capturedAt: resumeRecord('capturedAt'),
+  updatedAt: resumeRecord('updatedAt'),
+  terminalTitle: resumeRecord('terminalTitle'),
+  lastAssistantMessage: resumeRecord('lastAssistantMessage'),
+  interrupted: resumeRecord('interrupted'),
+  mainAgent: resumeRecord('mainAgent'),
+  connectionId: resumeRecord('connectionId'),
+  launchConfig: resumeRecord('launchConfig'),
+  origin: resumeRecord('origin'),
+  restoreOnTabOpenOnly: resumeRecord('restoreOnTabOpenOnly')
 } as const satisfies Record<keyof SleepingAgentSessionRecord, DiskFieldWritten>
 
 /** One entry of today's incarnation map, by pane key. */
@@ -322,7 +329,9 @@ type TableEntry = {
     Table in Exclude<DiskTable, 'session'>
   ]: (typeof DISK_TABLES)[Table][keyof (typeof DISK_TABLES)[Table]]
 }[Exclude<DiskTable, 'session'>]
-type FromOf<Entry> = Entry extends { from: infer From } ? From : never
+type FromOf<Entry> = Entry extends { from: infer From }
+  ? From | (Entry extends { orFrom: infer OrFrom } ? OrFrom : never)
+  : never
 
 /** Sources no disk field is written from; must stay `never`. */
 export type UnwrittenLayoutSource = Exclude<
diff --git a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-fact-locations.test.ts b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-fact-locations.test.ts
index 5d13ab6b40e..a6bf85ffc11 100644
--- a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-fact-locations.test.ts
+++ b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-fact-locations.test.ts
@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ const writtenOf = (field: string): DiskFieldWritten =>
       : WRITTEN_BY_FIELD.get(field)!
 
 const sourcesOf = (written: DiskFieldWritten): LayoutSource[] =>
-  typeof written === 'string' ? [] : [written.from, ...(written.via ?? [])]
+  typeof written === 'string'
+    ? []
+    : [written.from, ...(written.orFrom ? [written.orFrom] : []), ...(written.via ?? [])]
 
 /** The richest session the fixtures build, with every optional source populated. */
 function richLoaded(): LoadedWorkspaceLayout {
@@ -159,15 +161,21 @@ function populate(loaded: LoadedWorkspaceLayout): LoadedWorkspaceLayout {
   fill(loaded, 'carried.pairedTerminalTabCloseIntentsByEnvironment', {
     env: ['host-tab-1', 'host-tab-2']
   })
-  const sleeping = (field: keyof LayoutSleepingRecord, value: unknown) =>
-    fill(loaded, `leaf.sleeping.${field}` as const, value)
-  sleeping('terminalTitle', 'claude')
-  sleeping('lastAssistantMessage', 'done')
-  sleeping('interrupted', true)
-  sleeping('mainAgent', { state: 'done' })
-  sleeping('connectionId', 'conn-1')
-  sleeping('launchConfig', { agentArgs: '', agentEnv: {} })
-  sleeping('restoreOnTabOpenOnly', true)
+  // The fixture's record is a quit capture (leaf.resume); a second pane holds a real sleep.
+  holdersOf(loaded, 'leaf').find((holder) => holder.incarnationId === 'inc-1')!.sleeping = {
+    ...SLEPT_PANE_RECORD
+  }
+  for (const holder of ['leaf.sleeping', 'leaf.resume'] as const) {
+    const record = (field: keyof LayoutSleepingRecord, value: unknown) =>
+      fill(loaded, `${holder}.${field}` as const, value)
+    record('terminalTitle', 'claude')
+    record('lastAssistantMessage', 'done')
+    record('interrupted', true)
+    record('mainAgent', { state: 'done' })
+    record('connectionId', 'conn-1')
+    record('launchConfig', { agentArgs: '', agentEnv: {} })
+    record('restoreOnTabOpenOnly', true)
+  }
   fill(loaded, 'carried.unplacedSleepingRecords', {
     'tab-elsewhere:x': { paneKey: 'tab-elsewhere:x', worktreeId: 'repo-9::/gone', prompt: 'p' }
   })
@@ -187,6 +195,16 @@ function populate(loaded: LoadedWorkspaceLayout): LoadedWorkspaceLayout {
 
 type Holder = Record<string, unknown>
 
+const SLEPT_PANE_RECORD: LayoutSleepingRecord = {
+  agent: 'codex',
+  providerSession: { key: 'session_id', id: 'session-slept' },
+  prompt: 'slept prompt',
+  state: 'done',
+  capturedAt: 1_700_000_600_000,
+  updatedAt: 1_700_000_600_000,
+  origin: 'worktree-sleep'
+}
+
 type PrefixOf<Path> = Path extends `${infer Head}.${infer Rest}`
   ? Rest extends `${string}.${string}`
     ? `${Head}.${PrefixOf<Rest>}`
@@ -214,6 +232,7 @@ function holdersOf(loaded: LoadedWorkspaceLayout, prefix: string): Holder[] {
     browserTab: workspaces.flatMap((workspace) => workspace.browserTabs ?? []),
     leaf: leaves,
     'leaf.sleeping': leaves.flatMap((entry) => entry.sleeping ?? []),
+    'leaf.resume': leaves.flatMap((entry) => entry.resume ?? []),
     closedTab: workspaces.flatMap((workspace) => Object.values(workspace.closedTerminalTabs ?? {})),
     view: [view],
     viewGroup: nested(view.groups),
@@ -300,6 +319,41 @@ describe('each on-disk field has one source', () => {
     expect(empty).toEqual([])
   })
 
+  it('holds each placed pane record in exactly one of its two holders', () => {
+    const loaded = richLoaded()
+    const leaves = Object.values(loaded.layout.workspaces).flatMap((workspace) =>
+      Object.values(workspace.leaves ?? {})
+    )
+    const holders = leaves.map((entry) => [entry.sleeping, entry.resume].filter(Boolean).length)
+    expect(
+      holders.filter((count) => count > 1),
+      'a pane record in both holders'
+    ).toEqual([])
+    const placed = Object.keys(saveWorkspaceLayout(loaded).sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey ?? {})
+    const unplaced = Object.keys(loaded.carried.unplacedSleepingRecords ?? {})
+    // Every saved record a pane holds comes from one holder, and every holder is saved.
+    expect(placed.length - unplaced.length).toBe(holders.filter((count) => count === 1).length)
+    for (const origin of [undefined, 'worktree-sleep', 'quit', 'live'] as const) {
+      const session = localDesktopSession()
+      const paneKey = Object.keys(session.sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey!)[0]!
+      const stored = session.sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey![paneKey]!
+      const { origin: _origin, ...rest } = stored
+      session.sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey![paneKey] = origin ? { ...rest, origin } : rest
+      const reloaded = loadWorkspaceLayout(LOCAL_EXECUTION_HOST_ID, session, {
+        mintId: () => 'minted',
+        mintLeafId: () => leaf(9)
+      })
+      const held = Object.values(reloaded.layout.workspaces).flatMap((workspace) =>
+        Object.values(workspace.leaves ?? {}).flatMap((entry) => [
+          ...(entry.sleeping ? ['sleeping'] : []),
+          ...(entry.resume ? ['resume'] : [])
+        ])
+      )
+      const slept = origin === undefined || origin === 'worktree-sleep'
+      expect(held, String(origin)).toEqual([slept ? 'sleeping' : 'resume'])
+    }
+  })
+
   it('changes on disk exactly the fields each source is declared for', () => {
     const base = richLoaded()
     const before = diskValues(saveWorkspaceLayout(base))
@@ -324,7 +378,7 @@ describe('each on-disk field has one source', () => {
         if (
           written &&
           typeof written !== 'string' &&
-          written.from === source &&
+          (written.from === source || written.orFrom === source) &&
           !changed.includes(name)
         ) {
           ineffective.push(`${source} -/-> ${name}`)
diff --git a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-load-bindings.ts b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-load-bindings.ts
index 3751045bfdb..547d8245f73 100644
--- a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-load-bindings.ts
+++ b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-load-bindings.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // key (records); the model keys it by leaf id alone, so a leaf id repeated in the partition gets a
 // new id first and every record lands on the pane it named.
 
-import type { SleepingAgentSessionRecord } from '../agent-session-resume'
+import { isPaneSleepRecord, type SleepingAgentSessionRecord } from '../agent-session-resume'
 import type { TerminalLayoutSnapshot } from '../terminal-tab-types'
 import type { WorkspaceSessionState } from '../workspace-session-state-types'
 import { omitStoredFields } from './stored-record-fields'
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ function loadLeaf(
   paneKey: string,
   records: PaneRecords
 ) {
-  const sleeping = records.sleeping[paneKey]
+  const saved = records.sleeping[paneKey]
+  const record = saved && omitStoredFields(saved, ['paneKey', 'tabId', 'worktreeId'])
   const leaf: LayoutLeaf = {
     ...(stored.ptyIdsByLeafId?.[leafId] !== undefined
       ? { ptyId: stored.ptyIdsByLeafId[leafId] }
@@ -89,9 +90,7 @@ function loadLeaf(
     ...(stored.lastGridsByLeafId?.[leafId] !== undefined
       ? { lastGrid: stored.lastGridsByLeafId[leafId] }
       : {}),
-    ...(sleeping
-      ? { sleeping: omitStoredFields(sleeping, ['paneKey', 'tabId', 'worktreeId']) }
-      : {})
+    ...(record && (isPaneSleepRecord(record) ? { sleeping: record } : { resume: record }))
   }
   delete records.sleeping[paneKey]
   delete records.incarnations[paneKey]
diff --git a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-model-rules.test.ts b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-model-rules.test.ts
index 3431f73b054..11c33929dcb 100644
--- a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-model-rules.test.ts
+++ b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-model-rules.test.ts
@@ -76,6 +76,14 @@ describe('checkWorkspaceLayoutModelRules: the model itself, not what it saves to
     )
   })
 
+  it('flags a pane holding both a sleep record and a resume record', () => {
+    const broken = withGitWorkspace((workspace) => {
+      const leafData = workspace.leaves![leaf(3)]!
+      leafData.sleeping = { ...leafData.resume!, origin: 'worktree-sleep' }
+    })
+    expect(rules(broken)).toEqual(['leaf_sleeping_and_resume'])
+  })
+
   it('flags one leaf id in two tabs, since pane data is keyed by leaf alone', () => {
     const broken = withGitWorkspace((workspace) => {
       const unbound = workspace.tabs.find((tab) => tab.id === 'tab-unbound')!
diff --git a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-model-rules.ts b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-model-rules.ts
index 3b93904cfa0..2b7bdda1207 100644
--- a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-model-rules.ts
+++ b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-model-rules.ts
@@ -102,6 +102,13 @@ function checkWorkspace(
   if (strays.length > 0) {
     breach('leaf_without_pane', strays, `pane data for panes no tab holds`)
   }
+  // One disk entry holds a pane's record, so a leaf with both would lose one on save.
+  const doubled = Object.entries(workspace.leaves ?? {}).flatMap(([leafId, leaf]) =>
+    leaf.sleeping && leaf.resume ? [leafId] : []
+  )
+  if (doubled.length > 0) {
+    breach('leaf_sleeping_and_resume', doubled, `panes with both a sleep and a resume record`)
+  }
   return violations
 }
 
diff --git a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-model.ts b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-model.ts
index c98e707cc57..48c19432124 100644
--- a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-model.ts
+++ b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-model.ts
@@ -86,7 +86,10 @@ export type LayoutLeaf = {
   title?: string
   /** The pane's last grid: the size its terminal starts at. */
   lastGrid?: TerminalGrid
+  /** A slept pane's record (isPaneSleepRecord). Never set with `resume`. */
   sleeping?: LayoutSleepingRecord
+  /** A running agent's resume record (origin live/quit), not a sleep. Never set with `sleeping`. */
+  resume?: LayoutSleepingRecord
 }
 
 export type WorkspaceLayout = {
diff --git a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-process-commands.ts b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-process-commands.ts
index 19ee14fe01d..b9df59dfbcd 100644
--- a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-process-commands.ts
+++ b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-process-commands.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Commands that start, restart, sleep or wake terminals. Their layout effect is small (bindings
 // and sleeping records); the runtime runs the returned effects after replying.
 
+import { isPaneSleepRecord } from '../agent-session-resume'
 import { omitStoredFields } from './stored-record-fields'
 import {
   applied,
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ import {
 import type { CommandOf, LayoutContext } from './workspace-layout-command-types'
 import {
   paneKeyOf,
+  type LayoutLeaf,
   type WorkspaceLayout,
   type WorkspaceLayoutModel
 } from './workspace-layout-model'
@@ -27,6 +29,11 @@ function workspacePanes(workspace: WorkspaceLayout): { paneKey: string; leafId:
   )
 }
 
+/** A slept pane's record or a running agent's resume record: either says how its agent resumes. */
+function hasResumeRecord(leaf: LayoutLeaf | undefined): boolean {
+  return leaf?.sleeping !== undefined || leaf?.resume !== undefined
+}
+
 /**
  * Idempotent: starts or restores a pane that has no live terminal. A bound pane, or one whose
  * start is in flight, is left alone; only restartPane replaces a terminal. A pane with no
@@ -47,7 +54,7 @@ export function startPane(
   if (leaf?.ptyId || context.isStarting?.(pane.leafId)) {
     return applied(model)
   }
-  if (leaf?.sleeping) {
+  if (hasResumeRecord(leaf)) {
     return refuse('pane_sleeping')
   }
   return applied(model, {}, { startPaneKeys: [command.paneKey] }, { [pane.leafId]: null })
@@ -89,8 +96,11 @@ export function sleep(model: WorkspaceLayoutModel, command: CommandOf<'sleep'>):
   for (const { paneKey, leafId } of targets) {
     const record = command.records.find((entry) => entry.paneKey === paneKey)
     if (record) {
-      const sleeping = omitStoredFields(record, ['paneKey', 'tabId', 'worktreeId'])
-      workspace = setLeaf(workspace, leafId, { ...workspace.leaves?.[leafId], sleeping })
+      const kept = omitStoredFields(workspace.leaves?.[leafId] ?? {}, ['sleeping', 'resume'])
+      const stored = omitStoredFields(record, ['paneKey', 'tabId', 'worktreeId'])
+      // A recordOnly capture of a running agent ('live'/'quit') is a resume record, not a sleep.
+      const next = isPaneSleepRecord(stored) ? { sleeping: stored } : { resume: stored }
+      workspace = setLeaf(workspace, leafId, { ...kept, ...next })
     }
   }
   return applied(
@@ -102,16 +112,19 @@ export function sleep(model: WorkspaceLayoutModel, command: CommandOf<'sleep'>):
 
 export function wake(model: WorkspaceLayoutModel, command: CommandOf<'wake'>): Applied {
   let workspace = model.workspaces[command.workspace]!
-  const woken = workspacePanes(workspace).filter(
-    (pane) =>
+  // A recordOnly wake drops either record (how a live one is cleared); a start wakes only slept panes.
+  const woken = workspacePanes(workspace).filter((pane) => {
+    const leaf = workspace.leaves?.[pane.leafId]
+    return (
       (!command.paneKeys || command.paneKeys.includes(pane.paneKey)) &&
-      workspace.leaves?.[pane.leafId]?.sleeping
-  )
+      (command.recordOnly ? hasResumeRecord(leaf) : leaf?.sleeping !== undefined)
+    )
+  })
   for (const { leafId } of woken) {
     workspace = setLeaf(
       workspace,
       leafId,
-      omitStoredFields(workspace.leaves![leafId]!, ['sleeping'])
+      omitStoredFields(workspace.leaves![leafId]!, ['sleeping', 'resume'])
     )
   }
   const paneKeys = woken.map((pane) => pane.paneKey)
diff --git a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-resume-record.test.ts b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-resume-record.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ccb6831f171
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-resume-record.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+// A running agent's resume record (origin 'live' or 'quit') loads to `leaf.resume`, a slept pane's
+// to `leaf.sleeping`; both save to the one sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey entry, unchanged.
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import type { SleepingAgentSessionRecord } from '../agent-session-resume'
+import { LOCAL_EXECUTION_HOST_ID } from '../execution-host'
+import { applyLayoutCommand } from './workspace-layout-commands'
+import { build, testContext } from './workspace-layout-command.test-fixture'
+import { loadWorkspaceLayout } from './workspace-layout-load'
+import type { LoadedWorkspaceLayout } from './workspace-layout-load-types'
+import type { LayoutLeaf, WorkspaceLayoutModel } from './workspace-layout-model'
+import { localDesktopSession, sleepingRecord } from './workspace-layout-profile.test-fixture'
+import { publishWorkspaceLayout } from './workspace-layout-published'
+import { saveWorkspaceLayout } from './workspace-layout-save'
+import { GIT_KEY, leaf } from './workspace-layout-session.test-fixture'
+import type { WorkspaceSessionState } from '../workspace-session-state-types'
+
+type Origin = SleepingAgentSessionRecord['origin']
+const ORIGINS: readonly Origin[] = ['live', 'quit', 'worktree-sleep', undefined]
+
+function withOrigin(record: SleepingAgentSessionRecord, origin: Origin) {
+  const { origin: _stored, ...rest } = record
+  return origin ? { ...rest, origin } : rest
+}
+
+/** The desktop partition with its agent pane's record captured as `origin`. */
+function sessionWith(origin: Origin): WorkspaceSessionState {
+  const session = localDesktopSession()
+  const paneKey = `term-agent:${leaf(3)}`
+  session.sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey = {
+    [paneKey]: withOrigin(session.sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey![paneKey]!, origin)
+  }
+  return session
+}
+
+function load(session: WorkspaceSessionState): LoadedWorkspaceLayout {
+  let next = 0
+  return loadWorkspaceLayout(LOCAL_EXECUTION_HOST_ID, session, {
+    mintId: () => `minted-${++next}`,
+    mintLeafId: () => leaf(9)
+  })
+}
+
+const leafOf = (model: WorkspaceLayoutModel, leafId: string): LayoutLeaf | undefined =>
+  model.workspaces[GIT_KEY]!.leaves?.[leafId]
+
+const isSleep = (origin: Origin) => origin === undefined || origin === 'worktree-sleep'
+
+describe("a pane's resume record through load and save", () => {
+  it.each(ORIGINS)('loads a %s record to the one holder its origin names', (origin) => {
+    const agent = leafOf(load(sessionWith(origin)).layout, leaf(3))!
+    expect(agent.sleeping !== undefined).toBe(isSleep(origin))
+    expect(agent.resume !== undefined).toBe(!isSleep(origin))
+  })
+
+  it.each(ORIGINS)('saves a %s record byte for byte as stored', (origin) => {
+    const session = sessionWith(origin)
+    const saved = saveWorkspaceLayout(load(session))
+    expect(JSON.stringify(saved.sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey)).toBe(
+      JSON.stringify(session.sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey)
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('never publishes either record to a layout frame', () => {
+    const { layout } = load(sessionWith('live'))
+    const frame = JSON.stringify(
+      publishWorkspaceLayout(layout.workspaces[GIT_KEY]!, LOCAL_EXECUTION_HOST_ID)
+    )
+    expect(leafOf(layout, leaf(3))!.resume).toBeDefined()
+    expect(frame).not.toContain('"resume"')
+    expect(frame).not.toContain('fix the flaky test')
+  })
+})
+
+describe('the sleep, wake and start commands on a resume record', () => {
+  const shellPane = `tab-shell:${leaf(1)}`
+  const record = (origin: Origin) =>
+    withOrigin(sleepingRecord(GIT_KEY, 'tab-shell', leaf(1)), origin)
+
+  it('keeps a recordOnly live capture as a resume record and a real sleep as a sleep', () => {
+    const context = testContext()
+    const { layout } = load(localDesktopSession())
+    const sleep = (origin: Origin, recordOnly?: true) => ({
+      type: 'sleep' as const,
+      workspace: GIT_KEY,
+      paneKeys: [shellPane],
+      records: [record(origin)],
+      ...(recordOnly ? { recordOnly } : {})
+    })
+    const live = build(context, [sleep('live', true)], layout).model
+    expect(leafOf(live, leaf(1))).toMatchObject({ resume: { origin: 'live' } })
+    expect(leafOf(live, leaf(1))!.sleeping).toBeUndefined()
+    const slept = build(context, [sleep('worktree-sleep')], live).model
+    expect(leafOf(slept, leaf(1))).toMatchObject({ sleeping: { origin: 'worktree-sleep' } })
+    expect(leafOf(slept, leaf(1))!.resume).toBeUndefined()
+    const recaptured = build(context, [sleep('quit', true)], slept).model
+    expect(leafOf(recaptured, leaf(1))).toMatchObject({ resume: { origin: 'quit' } })
+    expect(leafOf(recaptured, leaf(1))!.sleeping).toBeUndefined()
+    // A recordOnly wake is how a running agent's record is dropped.
+    const cleared = build(
+      context,
+      [{ type: 'wake', workspace: GIT_KEY, paneKeys: [shellPane], recordOnly: true }],
+      recaptured
+    )
+    expect(cleared.results[0]).toEqual({ woken: [shellPane] })
+    expect(leafOf(cleared.model, leaf(1))!.resume).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  it('a waking start leaves a running agent alone: it keeps its resume record and is not started', () => {
+    const context = testContext()
+    const { layout } = load(localDesktopSession())
+    const live = build(
+      context,
+      [
+        {
+          type: 'sleep',
+          workspace: GIT_KEY,
+          paneKeys: [shellPane],
+          records: [record('live')],
+          recordOnly: true
+        }
+      ],
+      layout
+    ).model
+    const woken = applyLayoutCommand(live, { type: 'wake', workspace: GIT_KEY }, context)
+    expect(woken).toMatchObject({ ok: true, result: { woken: [] } })
+    expect(woken.ok && woken.effects?.startPaneKeys).toEqual([])
+    expect(woken.ok && leafOf(woken.model, leaf(1))).toMatchObject({ resume: { origin: 'live' } })
+  })
+
+  it('refuses a plain start of an unbound pane holding a resume record', () => {
+    const context = testContext()
+    const unboundPane = `tab-unbound:${leaf(4)}`
+    const { layout } = load(localDesktopSession())
+    const held = build(
+      context,
+      [
+        {
+          type: 'sleep',
+          workspace: GIT_KEY,
+          paneKeys: [unboundPane],
+          records: [withOrigin(sleepingRecord(GIT_KEY, 'tab-unbound', leaf(4)), 'quit')],
+          recordOnly: true
+        }
+      ],
+      layout
+    ).model
+    expect(leafOf(held, leaf(4))!.resume).toBeDefined()
+    const start = { type: 'startPane' as const, workspace: GIT_KEY, paneKey: unboundPane }
+    expect(applyLayoutCommand(held, start, context)).toMatchObject({
+      ok: false,
+      code: 'pane_sleeping'
+    })
+    // A bound pane's resume record does not stop it: its terminal runs.
+    const bound = { type: 'startPane' as const, workspace: GIT_KEY, paneKey: shellPane }
+    const live = build(
+      context,
+      [
+        {
+          type: 'sleep',
+          workspace: GIT_KEY,
+          paneKeys: [shellPane],
+          records: [record('live')],
+          recordOnly: true
+        }
+      ],
+      layout
+    ).model
+    expect(applyLayoutCommand(live, bound, context)).toMatchObject({ ok: true })
+  })
+})
+
+describe('a resume record moves and closes with its pane', () => {
+  it('follows a pane dragged to a new tab, and goes when the pane closes', () => {
+    const context = testContext()
+    const loaded = load(localDesktopSession())
+    const live = build(
+      context,
+      [
+        {
+          type: 'sleep',
+          workspace: GIT_KEY,
+          paneKeys: [`tab-shell:${leaf(2)}`],
+          records: [withOrigin(sleepingRecord(GIT_KEY, 'tab-shell', leaf(2)), 'live')],
+          recordOnly: true
+        }
+      ],
+      loaded.layout
+    ).model
+    const moved = build(
+      context,
+      [{ type: 'movePaneToNewTab', workspace: GIT_KEY, tabId: 'tab-shell', leafId: leaf(2) }],
+      live
+    )
+    const newTab = moved.results[0]!.tabId!
+    expect(leafOf(moved.model, leaf(2))).toMatchObject({ resume: { origin: 'live' } })
+    const saved = saveWorkspaceLayout({ ...loaded, layout: moved.model })
+    expect(saved.sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey![`${newTab}:${leaf(2)}`]).toMatchObject({
+      paneKey: `${newTab}:${leaf(2)}`,
+      tabId: newTab,
+      origin: 'live'
+    })
+    expect(saved.sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey![`tab-shell:${leaf(2)}`]).toBeUndefined()
+    // After a reload the record is still that pane's resume record.
+    expect(leafOf(load(saved).layout, leaf(2))).toMatchObject({ resume: { origin: 'live' } })
+
+    const paneClosed = build(
+      context,
+      [{ type: 'closePane', workspace: GIT_KEY, tabId: 'tab-shell', leafId: leaf(2) }],
+      live
+    ).model
+    expect(leafOf(paneClosed, leaf(2))).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(
+      saveWorkspaceLayout({ ...loaded, layout: paneClosed }).sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey?.[
+        `tab-shell:${leaf(2)}`
+      ]
+    ).toBeUndefined()
+
+    const closed = build(
+      context,
+      [{ type: 'closeTabs', workspace: GIT_KEY, tabIds: [newTab] }],
+      moved.model
+    ).model
+    expect(leafOf(closed, leaf(2))).toBeUndefined()
+    const afterClose = saveWorkspaceLayout({ ...loaded, layout: closed })
+    expect(afterClose.sleepingAgentSessionsByPaneKey![`${newTab}:${leaf(2)}`]).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-round-trip.test.ts b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-round-trip.test.ts
index 96567a9fe64..daab37e912a 100644
--- a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-round-trip.test.ts
+++ b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-round-trip.test.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ describe('workspace layout Loader and Serializer', () => {
     // round trip above saved its pane records under the terminal id.
     expect(workspace.leaves?.[leaf(3)]).toMatchObject({
       incarnationId: 'inc-3',
-      sleeping: { agent: 'claude' }
+      // The fixture's record is a quit capture: a running agent's resume record, not a sleep.
+      resume: { agent: 'claude' }
     })
     expect(workspace.groups.map((group) => group.tabOrder)).toEqual([
       ['tab-shell', 'tab-agent', 'editor:src/app.ts'],
diff --git a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-rule-types.ts b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-rule-types.ts
index 5b74a38d5c7..f8d9697a879 100644
--- a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-rule-types.ts
+++ b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-rule-types.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ export type WorkspaceLayoutRule =
   | 'group_empty'
   | 'group_tree_mismatch'
   | 'leaf_without_pane'
+  | 'leaf_sleeping_and_resume'
   | 'tab_in_two_groups'
   | 'tab_group_mismatch'
   | 'group_lists_missing_tab'
diff --git a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-save.ts b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-save.ts
index 48df4f06af0..10a27d41006 100644
--- a/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-save.ts
+++ b/src/shared/workspace-layout/workspace-layout-save.ts
@@ -139,8 +139,10 @@ function saveWorkspaceRecords({
         if (leaf?.incarnationId !== undefined) {
           incarnations[paneKey] = leaf.incarnationId
         }
-        if (leaf?.sleeping) {
-          sleeping[paneKey] = { paneKey, tabId: tab.entityId, worktreeId, ...leaf.sleeping }
+        // One disk map holds both: a leaf has at most one of them.
+        const record = leaf?.sleeping ?? leaf?.resume
+        if (record) {
+          sleeping[paneKey] = { paneKey, tabId: tab.entityId, worktreeId, ...record }
         }
       }
     }