diff --git a/src/main/agent-launch/agent-launch-executor.test.ts b/src/main/agent-launch/agent-launch-executor.test.ts
index 99c8f3d40e1..8829069a451 100644
--- a/src/main/agent-launch/agent-launch-executor.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/agent-launch/agent-launch-executor.test.ts
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ describe('the surface is published as the launch stands, before its prompt is de
     return { launch, published }
   }
 
-  it('records a prompt still owed as not delivered, then delivers it', async () => {
+  it('records a prompt still owed as unconfirmed, then delivers it', async () => {
     const { launch, published } = publishing({ settings: {}, lineCarriesPrompt: false })
 
     const result = await launch.run(PROMPTED_EXISTING)
@@ -626,12 +626,25 @@ describe('the surface is published as the launch stands, before its prompt is de
         outcome: { kind: 'terminal', handle: 'term_1' },
         worktreeId: 'wt-7',
         receipt: result.receipt,
-        prompt: { delivery: 'submit', outcome: 'not-delivered' }
+        // A host that stops mid-paste cannot say whether it landed, so it must not say "not sent".
+        prompt: { delivery: 'submit', outcome: 'unconfirmed' }
       }
     ])
     expect(result.prompt).toEqual({ delivery: 'submit', outcome: 'handed-to-terminal' })
   })
 
+  it('records a draft as not delivered, since the host never delivers one', async () => {
+    const { launch, published } = publishing({ settings: {}, lineCarriesPrompt: false })
+
+    const result = await launch.run({
+      ...PROMPTED_EXISTING,
+      prompt: { text: 'fix the build', delivery: 'draft' }
+    })
+
+    expect(published[0]?.prompt).toEqual({ delivery: 'draft', outcome: 'not-delivered' })
+    expect(result.prompt).toEqual({ delivery: 'draft', outcome: 'not-delivered' })
+  })
+
   it('records a prompt the launch command carried as already handed over', async () => {
     const { launch, published } = publishing({ settings: {}, lineCarriesPrompt: true })
 
@@ -655,7 +668,7 @@ describe('the surface is published as the launch stands, before its prompt is de
     ])
     expect(published[0]).toEqual({
       ...result,
-      prompt: { delivery: 'submit', outcome: 'not-delivered' }
+      prompt: { delivery: 'submit', outcome: 'unconfirmed' }
     })
     expect(result.prompt).toEqual({ delivery: 'submit', outcome: 'journaled', messageId: 'msg-1' })
   })
diff --git a/src/main/agent-launch/agent-launch-executor.ts b/src/main/agent-launch/agent-launch-executor.ts
index a01abf8898f..95bb7b0ec16 100644
--- a/src/main/agent-launch/agent-launch-executor.ts
+++ b/src/main/agent-launch/agent-launch-executor.ts
@@ -77,8 +77,9 @@ export type AgentLaunchExecution = {
 
 /**
  * The launch as it stands once its surface exists: a complete result whose prompt receipt says only
- * what creation itself settled — carried on the launch command, or not (yet) delivered. Complete so
- * a host that dies during the delivery still leaves a truthful answer behind.
+ * what creation itself settled — carried on the launch command, a draft the host never delivers, or
+ * a submit still `unconfirmed`. Complete so a host that dies during the delivery still leaves a
+ * truthful answer behind.
  */
 export type AgentLaunchPublishedSurface = AgentLaunchResult
 
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ export async function executeAgentLaunch(
       outcome: { kind: 'terminal', handle: intent.reuseTerminal.handle },
       worktreeId: existingWorktreeId(intent.target),
       receipt: preflight,
-      ...promptReceipt(intent, settledAtCreation({}))
+      ...promptReceipt(intent, settledAtCreation(intent, {}))
     })
     return {
       ...reused,
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ export async function executeAgentLaunch(
       worktreeId: placed.worktreeId,
       receipt: preflight,
       ...(placed.warning ? { warning: placed.warning } : {}),
-      ...promptReceipt(intent, settledAtCreation(placed))
+      ...promptReceipt(intent, settledAtCreation(intent, placed))
     })
     return {
       ...startup,
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ export async function executeAgentLaunch(
     worktreeId: placed.worktreeId,
     receipt: settled,
     ...(warning ? { warning } : {}),
-    ...promptReceipt(intent, settledAtCreation(created))
+    ...promptReceipt(intent, settledAtCreation(intent, created))
   })
   return {
     ...surface,
diff --git a/src/main/agent-launch/agent-launch-prompt-delivery.ts b/src/main/agent-launch/agent-launch-prompt-delivery.ts
index 226c17cff82..a1e062b8cbc 100644
--- a/src/main/agent-launch/agent-launch-prompt-delivery.ts
+++ b/src/main/agent-launch/agent-launch-prompt-delivery.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
  *   terminal, line fits  ->  folded into the command that execs the agent        ->  handed-to-terminal
  *   terminal, otherwise  ->  bracketed paste into the live PTY once it is ready  ->  handed-to-terminal
  *   anything unproven    ->                                                      ->  not-delivered
+ *   host stopped mid-delivery (a replayed record only)                         ->  unconfirmed
  *
  * argv has no readiness race, so it is offered wherever the agent's CLI takes a prompt argument
  * (`agentPromptRidesLaunchCommand`). But that command is TYPED into the user's shell, and a long or
@@ -28,16 +29,22 @@ import type { AgentLaunchStructuredSurface } from './agent-launch-surface-factor
 
 export const HANDED_TO_TERMINAL: AgentLaunchPromptDisposal = { outcome: 'handed-to-terminal' }
 const NOT_DELIVERED: AgentLaunchPromptDisposal = { outcome: 'not-delivered' }
+const UNCONFIRMED: AgentLaunchPromptDisposal = { outcome: 'unconfirmed' }
 
 /**
- * What the receipt may say before any delivery runs: only what creating the surface already
- * settled. A launch command that carried the text has handed it over; anything else is not (yet)
- * delivered, which is also the truthful answer when the host dies before delivering it.
+ * What the record may say before any delivery runs: only what creating the surface already settled.
+ * A launch command that carried the text has handed it over, and a draft is never delivered by the
+ * host. A submit still owed is `unconfirmed`: a host that stops mid-delivery cannot say whether the
+ * paste or the commit landed, and "not delivered" would invite a duplicate turn.
  */
-export function settledAtCreation(created: {
-  promptRodeLaunchCommand?: boolean
-}): AgentLaunchPromptDisposal {
-  return created.promptRodeLaunchCommand ? HANDED_TO_TERMINAL : NOT_DELIVERED
+export function settledAtCreation(
+  intent: Pick<AgentLaunchIntent, 'prompt'>,
+  created: { promptRodeLaunchCommand?: boolean }
+): AgentLaunchPromptDisposal {
+  if (created.promptRodeLaunchCommand) {
+    return HANDED_TO_TERMINAL
+  }
+  return intent.prompt?.delivery === 'submit' ? UNCONFIRMED : NOT_DELIVERED
 }
 
 /** Each surface delivers its own way, so the disposal is decided where the surface is known. */
@@ -138,9 +145,9 @@ export function launchCommandPrompt(
  * Each arm is a consequence of the act it names, never a write-ahead of it: `journaled` is
  * reachable only from a committed message id, `handed-to-terminal` only from a launch command that
  * carried the text or a PTY write that returned, and everything else under-claims as
- * `not-delivered`. There is deliberately no arm for "maybe" — a caller holding one could neither
- * resend nor drop the text. Dispatch doubt is not this tier's to report: the submission row
- * carries it.
+ * `not-delivered`. A live answer has no "maybe": `unconfirmed` is written only into the record
+ * before delivery runs (`settledAtCreation`), and is read back only by a replay. Dispatch doubt is
+ * not this tier's to report: the submission row carries it.
  */
 export function promptReceipt(
   intent: AgentLaunchIntent,
diff --git a/src/main/ipc/desktop-renderer-runtime-capabilities.test.ts b/src/main/ipc/desktop-renderer-runtime-capabilities.test.ts
index cb70e51b6f9..4f071a383bc 100644
--- a/src/main/ipc/desktop-renderer-runtime-capabilities.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/ipc/desktop-renderer-runtime-capabilities.test.ts
@@ -26,7 +26,10 @@ import {
   WORKTREE_VISIBILITY_SOURCE_DEFAULTS_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY,
   type RuntimeCapability
 } from '../../shared/protocol-version'
-import { AGENT_LAUNCH_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY } from '../../shared/agent-launch-runtime-capability'
+import {
+  AGENT_LAUNCH_PROMPT_UNCONFIRMED_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY,
+  AGENT_LAUNCH_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY
+} from '../../shared/agent-launch-runtime-capability'
 import { ELECTRON_REMOTE_RUNTIME_CLIENT_CAPABILITIES } from '../../shared/electron-remote-runtime-client-capabilities'
 import { AGENT_SESSION_BACKGROUND_TASK_CHILD_VIEWS_CAPABILITY } from '../../shared/agent-session-background-task-child-views-capability'
 import { supportsAgentLaunch } from '../runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch'
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ const REMOTE_ONLY_BY_DECISION: readonly RuntimeCapability[] = [
 ]
 
 /** Gates the renderer must pass against its own main process. The Electron remote list omits all
- *  seven; mobile advertises the structured ones, so this is an Electron-remote gap rather than a
+ *  eight; mobile advertises the structured ones, so this is an Electron-remote gap rather than a
  *  statement that no remote client wants them. Why it is one is not recorded here. */
 const LOCAL_ONLY_BY_DECISION: readonly RuntimeCapability[] = [
   AGENT_SESSION_BACKGROUND_TASK_STOP_CAPABILITY,
@@ -68,7 +71,9 @@ const LOCAL_ONLY_BY_DECISION: readonly RuntimeCapability[] = [
   STRUCTURED_AGENT_SESSION_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY,
   CLAUDE_STRUCTURED_AGENT_SESSION_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY,
   // The desktop picks each launch mode itself; only its own host is told so far.
-  STRUCTURED_AGENT_SESSION_CLIENT_LAUNCH_MODE_CAPABILITY
+  STRUCTURED_AGENT_SESSION_CLIENT_LAUNCH_MODE_CAPABILITY,
+  // Read by the desktop's own launches first; a remote host is told when its launches move over.
+  AGENT_LAUNCH_PROMPT_UNCONFIRMED_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY
 ]
 
 function missingFrom(
diff --git a/src/main/ipc/desktop-renderer-runtime-capabilities.ts b/src/main/ipc/desktop-renderer-runtime-capabilities.ts
index f1eb84dca40..78219b6b09b 100644
--- a/src/main/ipc/desktop-renderer-runtime-capabilities.ts
+++ b/src/main/ipc/desktop-renderer-runtime-capabilities.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ import {
   STRUCTURED_AGENT_SESSION_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY,
   type RuntimeCapability
 } from '../../shared/protocol-version'
-import { AGENT_LAUNCH_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY } from '../../shared/agent-launch-runtime-capability'
+import {
+  AGENT_LAUNCH_PROMPT_UNCONFIRMED_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY,
+  AGENT_LAUNCH_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY
+} from '../../shared/agent-launch-runtime-capability'
 import { AGENT_SESSION_BACKGROUND_TASK_CHILD_VIEWS_CAPABILITY } from '../../shared/agent-session-background-task-child-views-capability'
 
 /**
@@ -37,5 +40,8 @@ export const DESKTOP_RENDERER_RUNTIME_CLIENT_CAPABILITIES: readonly RuntimeCapab
   STRUCTURED_AGENT_SESSION_CLIENT_LAUNCH_MODE_CAPABILITY,
   // Without this `supportsAgentLaunch` refuses the renderer outright, while the same renderer
   // targeting a remote host is admitted — the asymmetry this constant exists to close.
-  AGENT_LAUNCH_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY
+  AGENT_LAUNCH_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY,
+  // A replay after a restart mid-delivery answers the running agent with an `unconfirmed` prompt,
+  // which the desktop reads, rather than refusing it as unknown.
+  AGENT_LAUNCH_PROMPT_UNCONFIRMED_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY
 ] as const
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/agent-session-record-store-slot.ts b/src/main/runtime/agent-session-record-store-slot.ts
index a05de7a60ce..3e74f88282c 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/agent-session-record-store-slot.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/agent-session-record-store-slot.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@
 // whole chat host (provider adapters, the host, the model catalog) first. The store is opened here
 // instead and the chat host, when something needs it, is built on this same instance: the store is
 // a single writer, so a second copy of it would diverge.
+//
+// Known edges, both reachable only once quit has begun (stop has no other production caller): a
+// stop whose host teardown fails empties the slot while that host still holds its store open, so a
+// later admission would open a second one; and a store opened after stop is closed by nothing but
+// process exit.
 
 import { AgentSessionRecordStore } from './agent-session-record-store'
 import type { JournalHostDatabase } from '../native-chat/agent-session-journal/journal-host-database'
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime-get-worktree-ps.ts b/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime-get-worktree-ps.ts
index 5bb774af3b1..de3d63b4b96 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime-get-worktree-ps.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime-get-worktree-ps.ts
@@ -151,8 +151,9 @@ export class OrcaRuntimeWithGetWorktreePs extends OrcaRuntimeWithStartTuiIdleVis
   /**
    * Installs the structured agent-session host on first use. Lazy for the same
    * reason the orchestration DB is: the profile's user-data path is not final
-   * until the app is ready, and a runtime nobody drives a chat session on
-   * should never open the record store.
+   * until the app is ready, and a runtime nobody drives a chat session on never
+   * builds the chat host. The record store it sits on may already be open, from
+   * a launch's admission.
    */
   async ensureStructuredAgentSessionHost(): Promise<void> {
     await installStructuredAgentSessionHost({
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch-replay.ts b/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch-replay.ts
index 711a5ebf208..8e16ffdf991 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch-replay.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch-replay.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
  */
 
 import { deriveAgentLaunchChildOperationId } from '../../../../shared/agent-launch-operation'
+import { AGENT_LAUNCH_PROMPT_UNCONFIRMED_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY } from '../../../../shared/agent-launch-runtime-capability'
 import { isAgentLaunchResult, type AgentLaunchResult } from '../../../../shared/agent-launch-intent'
 import type {
   AgentSessionOperationOutcome,
@@ -100,6 +101,60 @@ function answerFromRecordedRow(
     : { decision: 'refuse', refusal: replay.refusal }
 }
 
+/** The CLI (no declared client) ships with this host; any other caller must say it reads the word. */
+function readsUnconfirmedLaunchPrompt(
+  context: Pick<RpcContext, 'clientKind' | 'clientCapabilities'>
+): boolean {
+  return (
+    context.clientKind === undefined ||
+    context.clientCapabilities?.includes(AGENT_LAUNCH_PROMPT_UNCONFIRMED_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY) ===
+      true
+  )
+}
+
+/**
+ * A terminal handle is issued by the process that answered, so a recorded one is dead after a
+ * restart. The pane key is the durable name: the handle is re-derived from it in this runtime. A
+ * pane this runtime no longer knows keeps the recorded handle, which then resolves to not-found —
+ * the truth about a terminal that is gone. The handle stays because shipped clients require one.
+ */
+function withLiveTerminalHandle(
+  recorded: AgentLaunchResult,
+  runtime: Pick<RpcContext['runtime'], 'getTerminalHandleForPaneKey'>
+): AgentLaunchResult {
+  const { outcome } = recorded
+  if (outcome.kind !== 'terminal' || !outcome.paneKey) {
+    return recorded
+  }
+  const handle = runtime.getTerminalHandleForPaneKey(outcome.paneKey)
+  return handle && handle !== outcome.handle
+    ? { ...recorded, outcome: { ...outcome, handle } }
+    : recorded
+}
+
+/**
+ * A recorded answer as this caller may read it now. A prompt the host stopped delivering is
+ * `unconfirmed` only to a caller that reads the word; every other caller gets the refusal it got
+ * before the first write existed, never a `not-delivered` that invites a duplicate turn.
+ */
+function presentRecordedAnswer(
+  context: RpcContext,
+  operationId: string,
+  answer: AgentLaunchAdmission
+): AgentLaunchAdmission {
+  if (answer.decision !== 'replay') {
+    return answer
+  }
+  if (answer.result.prompt?.outcome === 'unconfirmed' && !readsUnconfirmedLaunchPrompt(context)) {
+    return refusal(
+      operationId,
+      'agent_session_operation_unknown',
+      'started its agent, but whether its prompt arrived is unknown'
+    )
+  }
+  return { decision: 'replay', result: withLiveTerminalHandle(answer.result, context.runtime) }
+}
+
 /**
  * Admit, then claim, in one durable transaction so a launch writes the ledger once before its effect.
  *
@@ -136,7 +191,7 @@ export async function admitAgentLaunchOperation(
   if (admitted.decision === 'replay') {
     const answer = answerFromRecordedRow(operationId, admitted.row.outcome)
     if (answer) {
-      return answer
+      return presentRecordedAnswer(context, operationId, answer)
     }
   }
   // Unreachable with both steps in one transaction; answered as uncertain rather than run twice.
@@ -150,10 +205,10 @@ export async function admitAgentLaunchOperation(
   if (claim.claim === 'lost') {
     // The handler joins same-process retries before admission. Reaching a claimed row here means
     // this runtime did not start it, so treating it as restart uncertainty is the safe answer.
-    return (
-      answerFromRecordedRow(operationId, claim.row.outcome) ??
-      refusal(operationId, 'agent_session_operation_unknown', 'is claimed but unsettled')
-    )
+    const answer = answerFromRecordedRow(operationId, claim.row.outcome)
+    return answer
+      ? presentRecordedAnswer(context, operationId, answer)
+      : refusal(operationId, 'agent_session_operation_unknown', 'is claimed but unsettled')
   }
   const succeeded = (result: AgentLaunchResult) =>
     store.recordOperationOutcome({
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch-restart-replay.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch-restart-replay.test.ts
index 075631fb655..3865afebd90 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch-restart-replay.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch-restart-replay.test.ts
@@ -4,15 +4,19 @@
  * The record is written twice: once when the surface exists and once when the prompt's fate is
  * known. A host that dies at any point leaves the replay a truthful answer — the running agent once
  * its surface is recorded, an honest "unknown" before — and never a second agent. A "restart" here
- * is what a new process sees: the store reopened from disk and a runtime with no in-flight launches.
+ * is what a new process sees: the store reopened from disk and a runtime with no in-flight launches,
+ * which issues its own handles, so a surviving pane comes back under a new one.
  */
 
 import { mkdtemp, rm } from 'node:fs/promises'
 import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
 import { join } from 'node:path'
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
-import { AGENT_LAUNCH_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY } from '../../../../shared/agent-launch-runtime-capability'
-import type { AgentLaunchResult } from '../../../../shared/agent-launch-intent'
+import {
+  AGENT_LAUNCH_PROMPT_UNCONFIRMED_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY,
+  AGENT_LAUNCH_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY
+} from '../../../../shared/agent-launch-runtime-capability'
+import { isAgentLaunchResult, type AgentLaunchResult } from '../../../../shared/agent-launch-intent'
 import type { AgentSessionOperationRow } from '../../../../shared/agent-session-operation-ledger'
 import type { AgentSessionRecordStore } from '../../agent-session-record-store'
 import { openTestAgentSessionRecordStore } from '../../agent-session-record-store-test-harness'
@@ -20,6 +24,7 @@ import type { OrcaRuntimeService } from '../../orca-runtime'
 import type { RpcContext } from '../core'
 import { RpcDispatcher } from '../dispatcher'
 import { DESKTOP_RPC_CALLER } from '../rpc-caller-identity'
+import { DESKTOP_RENDERER_RUNTIME_CLIENT_CAPABILITIES } from '../../../ipc/desktop-renderer-runtime-capabilities'
 import {
   methodNamed,
   rpcContext,
@@ -54,22 +59,45 @@ const PHONE: Partial<RpcContext> = {
   pairedDeviceId: 'device-1',
   clientCapabilities: [AGENT_LAUNCH_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY]
 }
+/** The same paired device on a build that reads an `unconfirmed` prompt. */
+const UPGRADED_PHONE: Partial<RpcContext> = {
+  ...PHONE,
+  clientCapabilities: [
+    AGENT_LAUNCH_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY,
+    AGENT_LAUNCH_PROMPT_UNCONFIRMED_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY
+  ]
+}
 /** Exactly what the desktop's `runtime:call` handler hands the dispatcher. */
 const DESKTOP_IPC = {
   clientId: 'desktop-renderer',
   caller: DESKTOP_RPC_CALLER,
   clientKind: 'runtime' as const,
-  clientCapabilities: [AGENT_LAUNCH_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY]
+  clientCapabilities: DESKTOP_RENDERER_RUNTIME_CLIENT_CAPABILITIES
 }
+/** The handle a restarted host issues the pane that outlived the old one. */
+const ADOPTED_HANDLE = 'term_adopted'
 
 let directory: string
 let store: AgentSessionRecordStore
 
-function hostRuntime() {
+function hostRuntime(adoptedPanes?: Record<string, string>) {
   // A phone's launch into an existing workspace also moves the phone's own view to the new tab.
-  return Object.assign(runtimeStub({ settings: TERMINAL_ONLY, terminalPaneKey: PANE_KEY }), {
-    selectCreatedMobileSessionTabForClient: vi.fn(() => true)
-  })
+  return Object.assign(
+    runtimeStub({ settings: TERMINAL_ONLY, terminalPaneKey: PANE_KEY, adoptedPanes }),
+    { selectCreatedMobileSessionTabForClient: vi.fn(() => true) }
+  )
+}
+
+/** The host after a restart, still running the pane the dead one launched. */
+function restartedHostRuntime() {
+  return hostRuntime({ [PANE_KEY]: ADOPTED_HANDLE })
+}
+
+const UNCONFIRMED_AGENT = {
+  outcome: { kind: 'terminal', handle: ADOPTED_HANDLE, paneKey: PANE_KEY },
+  worktreeId: 'wt-7',
+  receipt: expect.objectContaining({ mode: 'terminal' }),
+  prompt: { delivery: 'submit', outcome: 'unconfirmed' }
 }
 
 function launch(
@@ -113,6 +141,46 @@ async function ledgerWritesQueuedBefore(ledger: AgentSessionRecordStore): Promis
   })
 }
 
+/** Launches with a paste that never returns: the host dies while it waits for the agent. */
+async function launchUntilPasteStarts(runtime: AgentLaunchRuntimeStub): Promise<void> {
+  let pasting: () => void = () => {}
+  const pasteStarted = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+    pasting = resolve
+  })
+  deliverTerminalPrompt.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+    pasting()
+    return new Promise<boolean>(() => {})
+  })
+  void launch(runtime)
+  await pasteStarted
+  await ledgerWritesQueuedBefore(store)
+}
+
+/** The ledger as the launch reaches it, with the launch's `nth` write (1-based) replaced. */
+function replaceLaunchWrite(
+  ledger: AgentSessionRecordStore,
+  nth: number,
+  write: () => Promise<void>
+): void {
+  const recordOperationOutcome = ledger.recordOperationOutcome.bind(ledger)
+  let launchWrites = 0
+  vi.spyOn(ledger, 'recordOperationOutcome').mockImplementation((input) => {
+    if (input.operationId === OPERATION_ID && input.callerKey === 'device-1') {
+      launchWrites += 1
+      if (launchWrites === nth) {
+        return write()
+      }
+    }
+    return recordOperationOutcome(input)
+  })
+}
+
+function promptOutcome(outcome: AgentSessionOperationRow['outcome'] | undefined): unknown {
+  return outcome?.status === 'succeeded' && isAgentLaunchResult(outcome.launch)
+    ? outcome.launch.prompt?.outcome
+    : undefined
+}
+
 function dispatcherFor(runtime: AgentLaunchRuntimeStub): RpcDispatcher {
   return new RpcDispatcher({
     // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/consistent-type-assertions -- SAFETY: the fixture implements every runtime method agent.launch reaches, plus the id the dispatcher stamps on replies.
@@ -135,37 +203,73 @@ afterEach(async () => {
 })
 
 describe('a host restart mid-launch', () => {
-  it('finds the running agent when the host died while its prompt waited for readiness', async () => {
-    // The paste waits for the agent forever: the host dies first.
-    let waiting: () => void = () => {}
-    const readinessWait = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-      waiting = resolve
-    })
-    deliverTerminalPrompt.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
-      waiting()
-      return new Promise<boolean>(() => {})
-    })
+  it('finds the running agent, under the handle the new host issued, after a restart mid-paste', async () => {
     const dying = hostRuntime()
-    void launch(dying)
-    await readinessWait
-    await ledgerWritesQueuedBefore(store)
+    await launchUntilPasteStarts(dying)
 
     await restartHost()
-    const restarted = hostRuntime()
-    const replayed = await launch(restarted)
+    const restarted = restartedHostRuntime()
 
-    expect(replayed).toEqual({
-      outcome: { kind: 'terminal', handle: 'term_1', paneKey: PANE_KEY },
-      worktreeId: 'wt-7',
-      receipt: expect.objectContaining({ mode: 'terminal' }),
-      // The dead host never pasted it, and saying so lets the caller keep the text.
-      prompt: { delivery: 'submit', outcome: 'not-delivered' }
-    })
+    // The dead host's `term_1` names nothing now; the pane is the durable name.
+    await expect(launch(restarted, PROMPTED_LAUNCH, UPGRADED_PHONE)).resolves.toEqual(
+      UNCONFIRMED_AGENT
+    )
     expect(restarted.createTerminal).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
     expect(dying.createTerminal).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
     expect(deliverTerminalPrompt).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
   })
 
+  it('answers a caller that cannot read "unconfirmed" as before: unknown, never "not sent"', async () => {
+    await launchUntilPasteStarts(hostRuntime())
+
+    await restartHost()
+    const restarted = restartedHostRuntime()
+
+    await expect(launch(restarted)).rejects.toThrow('agent_session_operation_unknown')
+    // The same row still answers a caller that reads the word: the refusal is presentation only.
+    await expect(launch(restarted, PROMPTED_LAUNCH, UPGRADED_PHONE)).resolves.toEqual(
+      UNCONFIRMED_AGENT
+    )
+    expect(restarted.createTerminal).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(deliverTerminalPrompt).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
+  })
+
+  it('stays unconfirmed when the host died after the paste returned, before the final write', async () => {
+    let pasted: () => void = () => {}
+    const pasteReturned = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+      pasted = resolve
+    })
+    deliverTerminalPrompt.mockImplementationOnce(async () => {
+      pasted()
+      return true
+    })
+    // The final write never lands: the process is gone by then.
+    replaceLaunchWrite(store, 2, () => new Promise<void>(() => {}))
+    void launch(hostRuntime())
+    await pasteReturned
+    await untilRecorded('succeeded')
+    await ledgerWritesQueuedBefore(store)
+
+    await restartHost()
+    const restarted = restartedHostRuntime()
+
+    await expect(launch(restarted, PROMPTED_LAUNCH, UPGRADED_PHONE)).resolves.toEqual(
+      UNCONFIRMED_AGENT
+    )
+    await expect(launch(restarted)).rejects.toThrow('agent_session_operation_unknown')
+    expect(deliverTerminalPrompt).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
+  })
+
+  it('keeps the recorded handle when the restarted host no longer has the pane', async () => {
+    await launchUntilPasteStarts(hostRuntime())
+
+    await restartHost()
+
+    await expect(launch(hostRuntime(), PROMPTED_LAUNCH, UPGRADED_PHONE)).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      outcome: { kind: 'terminal', handle: 'term_1', paneKey: PANE_KEY }
+    })
+  })
+
   it('stays unknown when the host died before the surface was recorded', async () => {
     const dying = hostRuntime()
     let spawnRequested: () => void = () => {}
@@ -193,9 +297,12 @@ describe('a host restart mid-launch', () => {
     expect(first.prompt).toEqual({ delivery: 'submit', outcome: 'handed-to-terminal' })
 
     await restartHost()
-    const restarted = hostRuntime()
+    const restarted = restartedHostRuntime()
 
-    await expect(launch(restarted)).resolves.toEqual(first)
+    await expect(launch(restarted)).resolves.toEqual({
+      ...first,
+      outcome: { ...first.outcome, handle: ADOPTED_HANDLE }
+    })
     expect(restarted.createTerminal).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
     expect(deliverTerminalPrompt).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
   })
@@ -221,6 +328,50 @@ describe('a host restart mid-launch', () => {
   })
 })
 
+describe('a final write that fails', () => {
+  it('leaves the prompt unconfirmed, or unknown to a caller that cannot read it, never "not sent"', async () => {
+    replaceLaunchWrite(store, 2, () => Promise.reject(new Error('SQLITE_BUSY')))
+    const host = hostRuntime()
+
+    const first = await launch(host)
+
+    // The live answer is the truth the host saw; only the record missed it.
+    expect(first.prompt).toEqual({ delivery: 'submit', outcome: 'handed-to-terminal' })
+    await expect(launch(host)).rejects.toThrow('agent_session_operation_unknown')
+    await expect(launch(host, PROMPTED_LAUNCH, UPGRADED_PHONE)).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      outcome: { kind: 'terminal', handle: 'term_1', paneKey: PANE_KEY },
+      prompt: { delivery: 'submit', outcome: 'unconfirmed' }
+    })
+    expect(host.createTerminal).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
+    expect(deliverTerminalPrompt).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
+  })
+})
+
+describe('the two writes', () => {
+  it('land in order when the paste returns before the first write has committed', async () => {
+    const recorded = vi.spyOn(store, 'recordOperationOutcome')
+
+    await launch(hostRuntime())
+
+    // Both were queued before either committed; the second is the one left standing.
+    const launchWrites = recorded.mock.calls.filter(([input]) => input.callerKey === 'device-1')
+    expect(launchWrites.map(([input]) => promptOutcome(input.outcome))).toEqual([
+      'unconfirmed',
+      'handed-to-terminal'
+    ])
+    expect(promptOutcome(row()?.outcome)).toBe('handed-to-terminal')
+  })
+
+  it('never lets a failed first write block the launch', async () => {
+    replaceLaunchWrite(store, 1, () => Promise.reject(new Error('SQLITE_BUSY')))
+
+    const first = await launch(hostRuntime())
+
+    expect(first.prompt).toEqual({ delivery: 'submit', outcome: 'handed-to-terminal' })
+    expect(promptOutcome(row()?.outcome)).toBe('handed-to-terminal')
+  })
+})
+
 describe('a reply lost three times', () => {
   it('starts one agent, and every retry gets its answer', async () => {
     const host = hostRuntime()
@@ -276,6 +427,30 @@ describe('the desktop launches replay-safely', () => {
     expect(row('trusted-local:desktop')?.outcome.status).toBe('succeeded')
   })
 
+  it('reads an unconfirmed prompt after a restart mid-paste, through its own IPC transport', async () => {
+    const request = {
+      id: 'request-1',
+      authToken: 'desktop-ipc',
+      method: 'agent.launchReplay',
+      params: PROMPTED_LAUNCH
+    }
+    deliverTerminalPrompt.mockImplementationOnce(() => new Promise<boolean>(() => {}))
+    void dispatcherFor(hostRuntime()).dispatch(request, DESKTOP_IPC)
+    const deadline = Date.now() + 2_000
+    while (row('trusted-local:desktop')?.outcome.status !== 'succeeded') {
+      if (Date.now() > deadline) {
+        throw new Error('the desktop launch was never recorded')
+      }
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5))
+    }
+    await ledgerWritesQueuedBefore(store)
+
+    await restartHost()
+    const replayed = await dispatcherFor(restartedHostRuntime()).dispatch(request, DESKTOP_IPC)
+
+    expect(replayed).toMatchObject({ ok: true, result: UNCONFIRMED_AGENT })
+  })
+
   it('opens the ledger alone, never the chat host, to admit a terminal launch', async () => {
     const host = hostRuntime()
 
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch.test-fixture.ts b/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch.test-fixture.ts
index 13122f49e57..dcd6e0e6bda 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch.test-fixture.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch.test-fixture.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ export type AgentLaunchRuntimeStubOptions = {
   terminalPaneAlreadyLive?: boolean
   /** What the runtime reports about an offered prompt's typed line; unset reports nothing. */
   lineCarriesPrompt?: boolean
+  /** Panes this runtime found already running, by the handle it issued them: a restarted host
+   *  adopting a surviving PTY issues a new handle for the same pane. */
+  adoptedPanes?: Record<string, string>
 }
 
 function reportPromptCarry(
@@ -60,6 +63,8 @@ export function setAgentLaunchRecordStore(store: AgentSessionRecordStore | null)
 
 export function runtimeStub(options: AgentLaunchRuntimeStubOptions = {}) {
   const worktreeCreateResults = new Map<string, Promise<unknown>>()
+  // Only the panes this runtime created or adopted: a handle is process-scoped, a pane key is not.
+  const handlesByPaneKey = new Map(Object.entries(options.adoptedPanes ?? {}))
   const waitForSetupTerminalCompletion = vi.fn(
     async (_handle: string, _signal?: AbortSignal): Promise<{ exitCode: number | null }> => ({
       exitCode: 0
@@ -89,6 +94,9 @@ export function runtimeStub(options: AgentLaunchRuntimeStubOptions = {}) {
     showRepo: vi.fn(async () => ({ id: 'repo-1' })),
     createManagedWorktree: vi.fn(async (args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
       reportPromptCarry(options, args.onStartupPromptCarry, args.startupPrompt)
+      if (args.startupAgent && options.startupTerminalPaneKey) {
+        handlesByPaneKey.set(options.startupTerminalPaneKey, 'term_agent_first')
+      }
       return {
         worktree: { id: 'wt-new' },
         startupTerminal: args.startupAgent
@@ -107,6 +115,9 @@ export function runtimeStub(options: AgentLaunchRuntimeStubOptions = {}) {
         throw new AgentLaunchPaneAlreadyLiveError()
       }
       reportPromptCarry(options, createOptions?.onStartupPromptCarry, createOptions?.startupPrompt)
+      if (options.terminalPaneKey) {
+        handlesByPaneKey.set(options.terminalPaneKey, 'term_1')
+      }
       return {
         handle: 'term_1',
         ...(options.terminalPaneKey ? { paneKey: options.terminalPaneKey } : {}),
@@ -114,6 +125,7 @@ export function runtimeStub(options: AgentLaunchRuntimeStubOptions = {}) {
       }
     }),
     showTerminal: vi.fn(async (handle: string) => ({ handle, worktreeId: 'wt-7' })),
+    getTerminalHandleForPaneKey: vi.fn((paneKey: string) => handlesByPaneKey.get(paneKey) ?? null),
     isTerminalRunningAgent: vi.fn(async () => true),
     showManagedTerminalWorkspace: vi.fn(async (selector: string) => ({
       id: selector.replace(/^id:/, '')
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch.ts b/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch.ts
index 81eafd1d4d5..61424c2d5dc 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/rpc/methods/agent-launch.ts
@@ -147,8 +147,9 @@ type ReplaySafeLaunch = {
   attachOperationId: string
   callerKey: string
   terminalSpawn: TerminalSpawnDispatch
-  /** Records the surface the moment it exists. Fired, never awaited: the ledger's transactions run
-   *  in order, so the final settle still lands after it, and the prompt never waits on bookkeeping. */
+  /** Records the surface the moment it exists, an owed prompt as `unconfirmed`. Fired, never
+   *  awaited: the ledger's transactions run in order, so the final settle still lands after it, and
+   *  the prompt never waits on bookkeeping. */
   recordSurface: (provisional: AgentLaunchResult) => void
 }
 
@@ -280,7 +281,8 @@ async function executeReplaySafeAgentLaunch(
     }
     throw new AgentLaunchExecutionError(error, failedWithoutEffects !== null)
   }
-  // Settlement is bookkeeping; failure leaves the truthful `unknown` refusal for later retries.
+  // Bookkeeping: a failure leaves the first write, whose owed prompt replays as `unconfirmed` (or as
+  // `unknown` to a caller that cannot read it), never as `not-delivered`.
   await settleQuietly(admission.settle(result))
   return result
 }
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/rpc/rpc-caller-identity.ts b/src/main/runtime/rpc/rpc-caller-identity.ts
index 826789d40b0..13e5f15e6aa 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/rpc/rpc-caller-identity.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/rpc/rpc-caller-identity.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@ export const DESKTOP_RPC_CALLER: RpcCallerIdentity = { kind: 'desktop' }
  * A transport that names its caller is believed; one that declares no client at all is the
  * in-process runtime socket, trusted as it always was; one that declares a client it cannot name has
  * no identity, and anything that needs one refuses it.
+ *
+ * Temporary: "no declared client" means the local CLI, so the SSH remote CLI bridge and browser
+ * automation share its namespace, and a new transport that forgets to stamp its caller inherits it.
+ * Before plugins ship (plan §4) the runtime socket stamps `local-cli` itself and no stamp means no
+ * identity.
  */
 export function resolveRpcCallerIdentity(
   transport:
diff --git a/src/shared/agent-launch-intent.ts b/src/shared/agent-launch-intent.ts
index bffb93c1b9a..a57d44c82b0 100644
--- a/src/shared/agent-launch-intent.ts
+++ b/src/shared/agent-launch-intent.ts
@@ -154,6 +154,13 @@ export type AgentLaunchPromptDisposal =
   | { outcome: 'handed-to-terminal' }
   /** Not delivered by this call; the caller still owns the text. */
   | { outcome: 'not-delivered' }
+  /**
+   * Only ever replayed, never a live answer: the host recorded the running agent, then stopped
+   * before the delivery reported back, so the text may or may not have arrived. The caller must not
+   * resend. Sent only to a caller advertising `agent.launch.prompt-unconfirmed.v1`; every other
+   * caller is refused with `agent_session_operation_unknown` instead.
+   */
+  | { outcome: 'unconfirmed' }
 
 export type AgentLaunchPromptReceipt = {
   delivery: AgentLaunchPromptDelivery
@@ -242,7 +249,9 @@ function isAgentLaunchPromptReceipt(value: unknown): value is AgentLaunchPromptR
   }
   return value.outcome === 'journaled'
     ? 'messageId' in value && typeof value.messageId === 'string'
-    : value.outcome === 'handed-to-terminal' || value.outcome === 'not-delivered'
+    : value.outcome === 'handed-to-terminal' ||
+        value.outcome === 'not-delivered' ||
+        value.outcome === 'unconfirmed'
 }
 
 function isAgentLaunchOutcome(value: unknown): value is AgentLaunchOutcome {
diff --git a/src/shared/agent-launch-runtime-capability.ts b/src/shared/agent-launch-runtime-capability.ts
index 2094f705dc7..e4853e84f87 100644
--- a/src/shared/agent-launch-runtime-capability.ts
+++ b/src/shared/agent-launch-runtime-capability.ts
@@ -29,9 +29,15 @@ export const AGENT_LAUNCH_PROMPT_CARRY_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY = 'agent.launch.prompt
 export const AGENT_LAUNCH_REPLAY_REQUIRED_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY =
   'agent.launch.replay-required.v1' as const
 
+// A client that reads `prompt.outcome: 'unconfirmed'` on a replayed launch. Without it, a launch
+// whose host stopped mid-delivery replays as `agent_session_operation_unknown`, as it always has.
+export const AGENT_LAUNCH_PROMPT_UNCONFIRMED_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY =
+  'agent.launch.prompt-unconfirmed.v1' as const
+
 export const AGENT_LAUNCH_RUNTIME_CAPABILITIES = [
   AGENT_LAUNCH_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY,
   AGENT_LAUNCH_REPLAY_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY,
   AGENT_LAUNCH_REPLAY_REQUIRED_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY,
-  AGENT_LAUNCH_PROMPT_CARRY_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY
+  AGENT_LAUNCH_PROMPT_CARRY_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY,
+  AGENT_LAUNCH_PROMPT_UNCONFIRMED_RUNTIME_CAPABILITY
 ] as const