diff --git a/src/main/claude/claude-api-retry-row.test.ts b/src/main/claude/claude-api-retry-row.test.ts
index f2933b8a702..26ad6d3a26a 100644
--- a/src/main/claude/claude-api-retry-row.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/claude/claude-api-retry-row.test.ts
@@ -77,11 +77,11 @@ describe('a Claude api_retry frame', () => {
     expect(rows).toHaveLength(1)
     const [row] = rows
     expect(row).toMatchObject({
-      text: 'Claude is rate-limited and retrying.',
+      text: 'Claude is rate-limited and retrying. Retry 3 of 10.\nLast error: HTTP 429 rate limit.',
       tone: 'warning',
       failure: {
         kind: 'providerRetrying',
-        retry: { error: 'rate_limit', status: 429 },
+        retry: { error: 'rate_limit', status: 429, attempt: 3, maxRetries: 10 },
         detail: { audience: 'log' }
       }
     })
@@ -90,11 +90,21 @@ describe('a Claude api_retry frame', () => {
     expect(row.failure?.detail?.text).toContain('"attempt":3')
   })
 
+  it('says how far a gateway failure has got, and the code it failed with', async () => {
+    const [row] = await statusRowsFor([
+      apiRetry(1, { error: 'server_error', error_status: 502 }),
+      apiRetry(2, { error: 'server_error', error_status: 502 })
+    ])
+    expect(row?.text).toBe(
+      'Claude hit a temporary problem and is retrying. Retry 2 of 10.\nLast error: HTTP 502 server error.'
+    )
+  })
+
   it('starts a new row when a later run starts over', async () => {
     const rows = await statusRowsFor([apiRetry(1), apiRetry(2), apiRetry(1)])
-    expect(rows.map((row) => row.text)).toEqual([
-      'Claude is rate-limited and retrying.',
-      'Claude is rate-limited and retrying.'
+    expect(rows.map((row) => row.text.split('\n')[0])).toEqual([
+      'Claude is rate-limited and retrying. Retry 2 of 10.',
+      'Claude is rate-limited and retrying. Retry 1 of 10.'
     ])
   })
 
@@ -106,10 +116,10 @@ describe('a Claude api_retry frame', () => {
       apiRetry(1, { error: 'something_new', error_status: 429 })
     ])
     expect(rows.map((row) => row.text)).toEqual([
-      'Claude hit a temporary problem and is retrying.',
-      'Claude hit a temporary problem and is retrying.',
-      'Claude hit a temporary problem and is retrying.',
-      'Claude is rate-limited and retrying.'
+      'Claude hit a temporary problem and is retrying. Retry 1 of 10.\nLast error: HTTP 529 overloaded.',
+      'Claude hit a temporary problem and is retrying. Retry 1 of 10.\nLast error: HTTP 500 server error.',
+      'Claude hit a temporary problem and is retrying. Retry 1 of 10.',
+      'Claude is rate-limited and retrying. Retry 1 of 10.\nLast error: HTTP 429 something new.'
     ])
     expect(rows[0]?.failure).toMatchObject({ retry: { error: 'overloaded', status: 529 } })
   })
diff --git a/src/main/claude/claude-api-retry-row.ts b/src/main/claude/claude-api-retry-row.ts
index 195e30461a7..8790adc5bd4 100644
--- a/src/main/claude/claude-api-retry-row.ts
+++ b/src/main/claude/claude-api-retry-row.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,12 @@ import { TUI_AGENT_DISPLAY_NAMES } from '../../shared/tui-agent-display-names'
 export const CLAUDE_API_RETRY_FRAME_KIND = 'message:system:api_retry'
 
 export function claudeApiRetryRowBody(message: Record<string, unknown>): AgentJournalStatusItem {
-  const retry = readProviderRetry({ error: message.error, status: message.error_status })
+  const retry = readProviderRetry({
+    error: message.error,
+    status: message.error_status,
+    attempt: message.attempt,
+    maxRetries: message.max_retries
+  })
   const words = agentSessionFailureWords(
     agentSessionFailureFact('providerRetrying', {
       detail: providerDiagnostic(JSON.stringify(message), 'log'),
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/native-chat/agent-session-failure-words-text.ts b/src/renderer/src/components/native-chat/agent-session-failure-words-text.ts
index 121f167712f..2c455769a78 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/native-chat/agent-session-failure-words-text.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/native-chat/agent-session-failure-words-text.ts
@@ -263,6 +263,24 @@ const PIECES: Record<AgentSessionFailureCopyId, (values: AgentSessionFailureCopy
         COPY.providerRetryingQuoted,
         values
       ),
+    providerRetryNumber: (values) =>
+      translate(
+        'components.native-chat.failureWords.providerRetryNumber',
+        COPY.providerRetryNumber,
+        values
+      ),
+    providerRetryNumberOf: (values) =>
+      translate(
+        'components.native-chat.failureWords.providerRetryNumberOf',
+        COPY.providerRetryNumberOf,
+        values
+      ),
+    providerRetryLastError: (values) =>
+      translate(
+        'components.native-chat.failureWords.providerRetryLastError',
+        COPY.providerRetryLastError,
+        values
+      ),
     previousExitUnverifiable: (values) =>
       translate(
         'components.native-chat.failureWords.previousExitUnverifiable',
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/en-runtime-required.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/en-runtime-required.json
index 565d59047d8..7a0ed36def4 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/en-runtime-required.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/en-runtime-required.json
@@ -2808,6 +2808,9 @@
         "providerRejectedQuoted": "The provider did not accept this message: {{detail}}.",
         "providerRetrying": "{{agent}} hit a temporary problem and is retrying.",
         "providerRetryingQuoted": "{{agent}} is retrying: {{detail}}.",
+        "providerRetryNumber": "Retry {{attempt}}.",
+        "providerRetryNumberOf": "Retry {{attempt}} of {{maxRetries}}.",
+        "providerRetryLastError": "Last error: {{detail}}.",
         "providerStartFailed": "{{agent}} stopped before it finished starting.",
         "queueFull": "Too many messages were waiting for the agent, so this one was not sent.",
         "runCommandAgain": "Run /{{command}} again.",
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en.json
index ab40a3656bd..ed1227bc15a 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en.json
@@ -17833,6 +17833,9 @@
         "providerRateLimited": "{{agent}} is rate-limited and retrying.",
         "providerRetrying": "{{agent}} hit a temporary problem and is retrying.",
         "providerRetryingQuoted": "{{agent}} is retrying: {{detail}}.",
+        "providerRetryNumber": "Retry {{attempt}}.",
+        "providerRetryNumberOf": "Retry {{attempt}} of {{maxRetries}}.",
+        "providerRetryLastError": "Last error: {{detail}}.",
         "previousExitUnverifiable": "Couldn't stop {{agent}} from before.",
         "argumentsUnsupportedOption": "Saved Arguments contain an unsupported option ({{option}}).",
         "argumentsMissingValue": "Saved Arguments need a value for {{option}}.",
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index 5d9fe87229c..40eacd2614c 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -17612,6 +17612,9 @@
         "providerRateLimited": "{{agent}} alcanzó un límite de solicitudes y está reintentando.",
         "providerRetrying": "{{agent}} tuvo un problema temporal y está reintentando.",
         "providerRetryingQuoted": "{{agent}} está reintentando: {{detail}}.",
+        "providerRetryNumber": "Reintento {{attempt}}.",
+        "providerRetryNumberOf": "Reintento {{attempt}} de {{maxRetries}}.",
+        "providerRetryLastError": "Último error: {{detail}}.",
         "previousExitUnverifiable": "No se pudo detener la ejecución anterior de {{agent}}."
       },
       "writeNotice": {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index f5c657e6d25..dbaaa188e92 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -17713,6 +17713,9 @@
         "providerRateLimited": "{{agent}} est limité en débit et réessaie.",
         "providerRetrying": "{{agent}} a rencontré un problème temporaire et réessaie.",
         "providerRetryingQuoted": "{{agent}} réessaie : {{detail}}.",
+        "providerRetryNumber": "Nouvelle tentative {{attempt}}.",
+        "providerRetryNumberOf": "Nouvelle tentative {{attempt}} sur {{maxRetries}}.",
+        "providerRetryLastError": "Dernière erreur : {{detail}}.",
         "previousExitUnverifiable": "Impossible d'arrêter l'exécution précédente de {{agent}}."
       },
       "writeNotice": {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index e9f9c9e8c17..99eaf64aa7a 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -17647,6 +17647,9 @@
         "providerRateLimited": "{{agent}} はレート制限を受けているため、再試行しています。",
         "providerRetrying": "{{agent}} で一時的な問題が発生したため、再試行しています。",
         "providerRetryingQuoted": "{{agent}} は再試行しています: {{detail}}。",
+        "providerRetryNumber": "{{attempt}} 回目の再試行です。",
+        "providerRetryNumberOf": "{{maxRetries}} 回中 {{attempt}} 回目の再試行です。",
+        "providerRetryLastError": "直近のエラー: {{detail}}。",
         "previousExitUnverifiable": "以前の {{agent}} を停止できませんでした。"
       },
       "writeNotice": {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ko.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ko.json
index a44ed6c6fd2..c5cc00dcf38 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ko.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ko.json
@@ -17647,6 +17647,9 @@
         "providerRateLimited": "{{agent}}이(가) 속도 제한에 걸려 다시 시도하고 있습니다.",
         "providerRetrying": "{{agent}}에 일시적인 문제가 발생하여 다시 시도하고 있습니다.",
         "providerRetryingQuoted": "{{agent}}이(가) 다시 시도하고 있습니다: {{detail}}.",
+        "providerRetryNumber": "{{attempt}}번째 재시도입니다.",
+        "providerRetryNumberOf": "{{maxRetries}}회 중 {{attempt}}번째 재시도입니다.",
+        "providerRetryLastError": "마지막 오류: {{detail}}.",
         "previousExitUnverifiable": "이전에 실행된 {{agent}}을(를) 중지하지 못했습니다."
       },
       "writeNotice": {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh.json
index 5ca74326af4..4b2aa106a26 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh.json
@@ -17612,6 +17612,9 @@
         "providerRateLimited": "{{agent}} 已被限流，正在重试。",
         "providerRetrying": "{{agent}} 遇到临时问题，正在重试。",
         "providerRetryingQuoted": "{{agent}} 正在重试：{{detail}}。",
+        "providerRetryNumber": "第 {{attempt}} 次重试。",
+        "providerRetryNumberOf": "第 {{attempt}} 次重试，共 {{maxRetries}} 次。",
+        "providerRetryLastError": "上次错误：{{detail}}。",
         "previousExitUnverifiable": "无法停止之前的 {{agent}}。"
       },
       "writeNotice": {
diff --git a/src/shared/agent-session-failure-copy.ts b/src/shared/agent-session-failure-copy.ts
index 83cb8dfcdea..a55978aea29 100644
--- a/src/shared/agent-session-failure-copy.ts
+++ b/src/shared/agent-session-failure-copy.ts
@@ -89,6 +89,9 @@ export const AGENT_SESSION_FAILURE_COPY = {
   providerRateLimited: '{{agent}} is rate-limited and retrying.',
   providerRetrying: '{{agent}} hit a temporary problem and is retrying.',
   providerRetryingQuoted: '{{agent}} is retrying: {{detail}}.',
+  providerRetryNumber: 'Retry {{attempt}}.',
+  providerRetryNumberOf: 'Retry {{attempt}} of {{maxRetries}}.',
+  providerRetryLastError: 'Last error: {{detail}}.',
   previousExitUnverifiable: "Couldn't stop {{agent}} from before."
 } as const
 
@@ -102,6 +105,8 @@ export type AgentSessionFailureCopyValues = {
   option?: string
   limit?: string
   size?: string
+  attempt?: string
+  maxRetries?: string
 }
 
 /** One piece in the reader's language, placeholders filled. */
diff --git a/src/shared/agent-session-failure-words.test.ts b/src/shared/agent-session-failure-words.test.ts
index 4e6b81b265a..a909a1e2b90 100644
--- a/src/shared/agent-session-failure-words.test.ts
+++ b/src/shared/agent-session-failure-words.test.ts
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ function factsFor(kind: AgentSessionFailureKind): AgentSessionFailureFact[] {
     facts.push({ kind, retry: { error: 'rate_limit', status: 429 } })
     facts.push({ kind, retry: { error: 'overloaded', status: 529 } })
     facts.push({ kind, retry: { status: 500 } })
+    facts.push({ kind, retry: { error: 'server_error', status: 502, attempt: 3, maxRetries: 10 } })
+    facts.push({ kind, retry: { attempt: 1 } })
   }
   if (kind === 'attachmentInvalid') {
     for (const reason of AGENT_SESSION_ATTACHMENT_PROBLEM_REASONS) {
@@ -239,7 +241,7 @@ describe('the words written beside a failure fact', () => {
         detail: { text: '{"type":"system","subtype":"api_retry"}', audience: 'log' },
         retry: { error: 'rate_limit', status: 429 }
       })
-    ).toBe('Codex is rate-limited and retrying.')
+    ).toBe('Codex is rate-limited and retrying.\nLast error: HTTP 429 rate limit.')
     expect(retrying({})).toBe('Codex hit a temporary problem and is retrying.')
   })
 
@@ -259,6 +261,35 @@ describe('the words written beside a failure fact', () => {
     )
   })
 
+  it("says which retry it is, and the provider's codes when it wrote no account", () => {
+    const retrying = (retry: AgentSessionFailureFact['retry']) =>
+      agentSessionFailureSentence({ kind: 'providerRetrying', retry }, 'row', {
+        agentName: 'Claude'
+      })
+    expect(retrying({ error: 'server_error', status: 502, attempt: 3, maxRetries: 10 })).toBe(
+      'Claude hit a temporary problem and is retrying. Retry 3 of 10.\nLast error: HTTP 502 server error.'
+    )
+    expect(retrying({ status: 502, attempt: 3 })).toBe(
+      'Claude hit a temporary problem and is retrying. Retry 3.\nLast error: HTTP 502.'
+    )
+    // The provider's own account outranks its codes.
+    expect(retrying({ status: 429, cause: 'Too many requests', attempt: 2, maxRetries: 5 })).toBe(
+      'Claude is rate-limited and retrying. Retry 2 of 5.\nToo many requests'
+    )
+    // A provider that words its own progress is quoted alone, never counted twice.
+    expect(
+      agentSessionFailureSentence(
+        {
+          kind: 'providerRetrying',
+          detail: { text: 'Reconnecting... 2/5', audience: 'person' },
+          retry: { status: 502, attempt: 2, maxRetries: 5 }
+        },
+        'row',
+        { agentName: 'Codex' }
+      )
+    ).toBe('Codex is retrying: Reconnecting... 2/5.')
+  })
+
   it('says which limit an attachment broke, in megabytes', () => {
     const sentence = (attachment: AgentSessionFailureFact['attachment']) =>
       agentSessionFailureSentence({ kind: 'attachmentInvalid', attachment }, 'rejection', {
diff --git a/src/shared/agent-session-failure-words.ts b/src/shared/agent-session-failure-words.ts
index 2c68589b409..abb601ff1b9 100644
--- a/src/shared/agent-session-failure-words.ts
+++ b/src/shared/agent-session-failure-words.ts
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import {
   type AgentSessionFailureSay
 } from './agent-session-failure-copy'
 import type { AgentSessionWireRefusalCode } from './agent-session-wire-refusals'
+import { providerRetryWords, withRetryCause } from './agent-session-provider-retry-words'
 import { joinSentences } from './sentence-joining'
 import {
   DISPATCH_REJECTED_CANCELLED,
@@ -122,11 +123,6 @@ function quotingPersonDetail(
   return quoted ? say(quotedLead, { ...values, detail: quoted }) : say(lead, values)
 }
 
-/** The provider's account of what failed goes on the line under the sentence, as it wrote it. */
-function withRetryCause(sentence: string, cause: string | undefined): string {
-  return cause ? `${sentence}\n${cause}` : sentence
-}
-
 /** The next step after a start or restart that failed: the command, or the message, again. */
 function startRetry(
   say: AgentSessionFailureSay,
@@ -274,23 +270,18 @@ const FAILURE_SENTENCES = {
   hostStopped: (context, _fact, _surface, say) => say('hostStopped', agent(say, context)),
   // A provider that says how its retry is going, for a person, is quoted: that is the progress.
   providerRetrying: (context, { retry, detail }, _surface, say) =>
-    withRetryCause(
-      detail?.audience === 'person'
-        ? quotingPersonDetail(
+    detail?.audience === 'person'
+      ? withRetryCause(
+          quotingPersonDetail(
             say,
             'providerRetrying',
             'providerRetryingQuoted',
             detail,
             agent(say, context)
-          )
-        : say(
-            retry?.error === 'rate_limit' || retry?.status === 429
-              ? 'providerRateLimited'
-              : 'providerRetrying',
-            agent(say, context)
           ),
-      retry?.cause
-    ),
+          retry?.cause
+        )
+      : providerRetryWords(say, agent(say, context), retry),
   previousExitUnverifiable: (context, _fact, _surface, say) =>
     say('previousExitUnverifiable', agent(say, context))
 } satisfies Record<AgentSessionFailureKind, Sentence>
diff --git a/src/shared/agent-session-failure.test.ts b/src/shared/agent-session-failure.test.ts
index 048d33c995b..14cd75f7d6f 100644
--- a/src/shared/agent-session-failure.test.ts
+++ b/src/shared/agent-session-failure.test.ts
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ describe('reading a failure fact', () => {
     expect(
       readAgentSessionFailureFact({
         kind: 'providerRetrying',
-        retry: { error: 'rate_limit', status: 429, attempt: 3 }
+        retry: { error: 'rate_limit', status: 429, retryDelayMs: 600 }
       })
     ).toEqual({ kind: 'providerRetrying', retry: { error: 'rate_limit', status: 429 } })
     expect(
@@ -130,6 +130,17 @@ describe('reading a failure fact', () => {
       })
     ).toEqual({ kind: 'restartFailed', refusal: { code: 'agent_session_conflict' } })
   })
+
+  it('keeps which retry it is, and its maximum only where it bounds that retry', () => {
+    expect(readProviderRetry({ attempt: 3, maxRetries: 10 })).toEqual({
+      attempt: 3,
+      maxRetries: 10
+    })
+    expect(readProviderRetry({ status: 502, maxRetries: 10 })).toEqual({ status: 502 })
+    expect(readProviderRetry({ attempt: 12, maxRetries: 10 })).toEqual({ attempt: 12 })
+    expect(readProviderRetry({ attempt: 0, maxRetries: 10 })).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(readProviderRetry({ attempt: 2.5, status: 502 })).toEqual({ status: 502 })
+  })
 })
 
 describe('reading all of a failure fact', () => {
@@ -146,6 +157,14 @@ describe('reading all of a failure fact', () => {
       }),
       agentSessionFailureFact('providerRetrying', {
         retry: readProviderRetry({ error: 'rate_limit', status: 429 })
+      }),
+      agentSessionFailureFact('providerRetrying', {
+        retry: readProviderRetry({
+          error: 'server_error',
+          status: 502,
+          attempt: 3,
+          maxRetries: 10
+        })
       })
     ]) {
       expect(readWholeAgentSessionFailureFact(JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(fact)))).toEqual(fact)
diff --git a/src/shared/agent-session-failure.ts b/src/shared/agent-session-failure.ts
index 7f2a0463935..fe3180be6c8 100644
--- a/src/shared/agent-session-failure.ts
+++ b/src/shared/agent-session-failure.ts
@@ -128,6 +128,10 @@ export type AgentSessionProviderRetry = {
   status?: number
   /** The provider's own account of what failed, written for a person: the row's second line. */
   cause?: string
+  /** Which retry this is, counted from 1. */
+  attempt?: number
+  /** The most retries the provider makes before it gives up. */
+  maxRetries?: number
 }
 
 export type AgentSessionFailureFact = {
@@ -224,17 +228,28 @@ export function readProviderRetry(value: unknown): AgentSessionProviderRetry | u
   }
   const error =
     typeof value.error === 'string' && value.error.trim() ? value.error.trim() : undefined
-  const status =
-    typeof value.status === 'number' && Number.isInteger(value.status) && value.status > 0
-      ? value.status
-      : undefined
+  const status = positiveInteger(value.status)
   const cause =
     typeof value.cause === 'string' ? providerDiagnostic(value.cause, 'person')?.text : undefined
-  return error || status || cause
-    ? { ...(error ? { error } : {}), ...(status ? { status } : {}), ...(cause ? { cause } : {}) }
+  const attempt = positiveInteger(value.attempt)
+  // A maximum bounds a retry; alone, or below the retry it bounds, it says nothing.
+  const max = positiveInteger(value.maxRetries)
+  const maxRetries = attempt && max && max >= attempt ? max : undefined
+  return error || status || cause || attempt
+    ? {
+        ...(error ? { error } : {}),
+        ...(status ? { status } : {}),
+        ...(cause ? { cause } : {}),
+        ...(attempt ? { attempt } : {}),
+        ...(maxRetries ? { maxRetries } : {})
+      }
     : undefined
 }
 
+function positiveInteger(value: unknown): number | undefined {
+  return typeof value === 'number' && Number.isInteger(value) && value > 0 ? value : undefined
+}
+
 /** A fact as a reader meets it. Undefined for anything this build cannot place, including a kind a
  *  newer host added, so the reader falls back to what it does for a row with no fact. */
 export function readAgentSessionFailureFact(value: unknown): AgentSessionFailureFact | undefined {
diff --git a/src/shared/agent-session-provider-retry-words.ts b/src/shared/agent-session-provider-retry-words.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ece476ca096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/agent-session-provider-retry-words.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// The words for a provider retry: which retry it is and what last failed, from the provider's
+// own fields, for a provider that wrote none of its own for a person.
+
+import type { AgentSessionProviderRetry } from './agent-session-failure'
+import type {
+  AgentSessionFailureCopyValues,
+  AgentSessionFailureSay
+} from './agent-session-failure-copy'
+import { joinSentences } from './sentence-joining'
+
+/** The provider's account of what failed goes on the line under the sentence, as it wrote it. */
+export function withRetryCause(sentence: string, cause: string | undefined): string {
+  return cause ? `${sentence}\n${cause}` : sentence
+}
+
+export function providerRetryWords(
+  say: AgentSessionFailureSay,
+  agent: AgentSessionFailureCopyValues,
+  retry: AgentSessionProviderRetry | undefined
+): string {
+  return withRetryCause(
+    joinSentences([
+      say(
+        retry?.error === 'rate_limit' || retry?.status === 429
+          ? 'providerRateLimited'
+          : 'providerRetrying',
+        agent
+      ),
+      ...retryNumber(say, retry)
+    ]),
+    retry?.cause ?? retryLastError(say, retry)
+  )
+}
+
+function retryNumber(
+  say: AgentSessionFailureSay,
+  retry: AgentSessionProviderRetry | undefined
+): string[] {
+  if (!retry?.attempt) {
+    return []
+  }
+  const attempt = String(retry.attempt)
+  return [
+    retry.maxRetries
+      ? say('providerRetryNumberOf', { attempt, maxRetries: String(retry.maxRetries) })
+      : say('providerRetryNumber', { attempt })
+  ]
+}
+
+/** The provider's own codes for what failed, when it wrote no account of it for a person. */
+function retryLastError(
+  say: AgentSessionFailureSay,
+  retry: AgentSessionProviderRetry | undefined
+): string | undefined {
+  // `server_error` reads as words once its separators are spaces.
+  const codes = [retry?.status ? `HTTP ${retry.status}` : '', retry?.error?.replace(/_+/g, ' ')]
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .join(' ')
+  return codes ? say('providerRetryLastError', { detail: codes }) : undefined
+}