Files
orca/native/computer-use-windows/runtime.ps1
Orca Worker e592287138 fix(computer-use): route a malformed request back to the request that caused it
`ConvertFrom-Json` throws before `$requestId` is read, so the serve loop
answered an unparseable request with an untagged error. On the client that is
not an error at all: `deliver()` sees no matching id, calls `abortChannel`,
kills the helper and charges a failure — and the helper's own message is
discarded. A parse failure was reported as a stream desync with no trace of
the real cause, and three of them walked into the 60s cooldown behind three
misleading "did not match" messages.

Recover the id from the raw line when the parse fails. No wire change: the
response shape is untouched and `BridgeResponse.requestId` already documents
this echo. It is the same shape the helper already returns for `not_a_tool`,
where the id survives because it is read before the operation runs. Both
mixed pairings degrade safely — a new script with an old client resolves the
error normally, and an old script with a new client still aborts, but now
reports what the helper said.

When the line is mangled past recovering an id, the desync abort is the honest
outcome, so keep it and carry the helper's text into it rather than replacing
it. A line the helper could not tag is usually the only account of the cause.

Proven against the real `runtime.ps1 -Serve`: the host can only write
well-formed JSON, so the parse-failure branch is unreachable through it and
the test drives the channel directly.
2026-09-05 18:49:37 -07:00

1375 lines
54 KiB
PowerShell

param(
[Parameter(Position = 0)]
[string]$OperationPath,
# Serve mode keeps one process alive so the Add-Type P/Invoke assembly below
# is emitted once per session instead of once per operation.
[switch]$Serve
)
$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
# Progress records render to the host, which in serve mode is a pipe carrying
# one JSON response per line; a stray record would desynchronise the stream.
$ProgressPreference = "SilentlyContinue"
$utf8NoBom = New-Object System.Text.UTF8Encoding $false
[Console]::InputEncoding = $utf8NoBom
[Console]::OutputEncoding = $utf8NoBom
$OutputEncoding = $utf8NoBom
Add-Type -AssemblyName UIAutomationClient
Add-Type -AssemblyName UIAutomationTypes
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Drawing
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
Add-Type -TypeDefinition @"
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
public static class OrcaDesktopWin32 {
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct RECT {
public int Left;
public int Top;
public int Right;
public int Bottom;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct POINT {
public int X;
public int Y;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct INPUT {
public uint type;
public INPUTUNION data;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
public struct INPUTUNION {
[FieldOffset(0)]
public MOUSEINPUT mouse;
[FieldOffset(0)]
public KEYBDINPUT keyboard;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct MOUSEINPUT {
public int dx;
public int dy;
public uint mouseData;
public uint flags;
public uint time;
public UIntPtr extraInfo;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct KEYBDINPUT {
public ushort virtualKey;
public ushort scanCode;
public uint flags;
public uint time;
public UIntPtr extraInfo;
}
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern bool GetWindowRect(IntPtr hwnd, out RECT rect);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern bool ScreenToClient(IntPtr hwnd, ref POINT point);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern bool PostMessage(IntPtr hwnd, uint message, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern bool ShowWindow(IntPtr hwnd, int nCmdShow);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hwnd);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern bool SetCursorPos(int x, int y);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern void mouse_event(uint dwFlags, uint dx, uint dy, int dwData, UIntPtr dwExtraInfo);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern uint SendInput(uint count, INPUT[] inputs, int size);
public static void SendModifiedClick(byte[] modifiers, uint mouseDown, uint mouseUp) {
const uint keyboardInput = 1;
const uint mouseInput = 0;
const uint keyUp = 0x0002;
var inputs = new List<INPUT>();
foreach (var modifier in modifiers) {
inputs.Add(KeyboardInput(keyboardInput, modifier, 0));
}
inputs.Add(MouseInput(mouseInput, mouseDown));
inputs.Add(MouseInput(mouseInput, mouseUp));
for (var index = modifiers.Length - 1; index >= 0; index--) {
inputs.Add(KeyboardInput(keyboardInput, modifiers[index], keyUp));
}
var values = inputs.ToArray();
var sent = SendInput((uint)values.Length, values, Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(INPUT)));
if (sent != (uint)values.Length) {
var releases = new List<INPUT>();
releases.Add(MouseInput(mouseInput, mouseUp));
for (var index = modifiers.Length - 1; index >= 0; index--) {
releases.Add(KeyboardInput(keyboardInput, modifiers[index], keyUp));
}
var releaseValues = releases.ToArray();
SendInput((uint)releaseValues.Length, releaseValues, Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(INPUT)));
throw new InvalidOperationException("SendInput did not complete the modified click");
}
}
private static INPUT KeyboardInput(uint type, byte virtualKey, uint flags) {
return new INPUT {
type = type,
data = new INPUTUNION {
keyboard = new KEYBDINPUT { virtualKey = virtualKey, flags = flags }
}
};
}
private static INPUT MouseInput(uint type, uint flags) {
return new INPUT {
type = type,
data = new INPUTUNION {
mouse = new MOUSEINPUT { flags = flags }
}
};
}
}
"@
$MaxNodes = 1200
$MaxDepth = 64
$TextLimit = 500
$MaxScreenshotPngBytes = 900000
$MaxScreenshotEdge = 1280
$MinScreenshotScale = 0.25
$ScreenshotScaleStep = 0.85
$BlockedAppFragments = @(
"1password",
"bitwarden",
"dashlane",
"lastpass",
"nordpass",
"proton pass"
)
$WindowsMessages = @{
Char = 0x0102
KeyDown = 0x0100
KeyUp = 0x0101
MouseMove = 0x0200
LeftDown = 0x0201
LeftUp = 0x0202
RightDown = 0x0204
RightUp = 0x0205
MiddleDown = 0x0207
MiddleUp = 0x0208
Wheel = 0x020A
}
$MouseEvents = @{
LeftDown = 0x0002
LeftUp = 0x0004
RightDown = 0x0008
RightUp = 0x0010
MiddleDown = 0x0020
MiddleUp = 0x0040
Wheel = 0x0800
HorizontalWheel = 0x01000
}
function Write-OrcaJson($Payload) {
$Payload | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 100 -Compress
}
function New-OrcaFrame([double]$X, [double]$Y, [double]$Width, [double]$Height) {
if ($Width -le 0 -or $Height -le 0) { return $null }
[pscustomobject]@{ x = $X; y = $Y; width = $Width; height = $Height }
}
function Read-OrcaOperation([string]$Path) {
Get-Content -Raw -Encoding UTF8 -Path $Path | ConvertFrom-Json
}
function ConvertTo-OrcaLParam([int]$X, [int]$Y) {
[IntPtr]((($Y -band 0xffff) -shl 16) -bor ($X -band 0xffff))
}
function ConvertTo-OrcaWheelParam([int]$Delta) {
[IntPtr](($Delta -band 0xffff) -shl 16)
}
function Get-OrcaWindowProcesses {
@(Get-Process | Where-Object { $_.MainWindowHandle -ne 0 } | Sort-Object ProcessName, Id)
}
function Find-OrcaProcess([string]$Query) {
$needle = ""
if ($null -ne $Query) { $needle = $Query.Trim() }
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($needle)) { throw 'appNotFound("")' }
if ($needle.StartsWith("pid:", [System.StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase)) {
$needle = $needle.Substring(4)
}
$parsedProcessId = 0
$processes = Get-OrcaWindowProcesses
if ([int]::TryParse($needle, [ref]$parsedProcessId)) {
$match = $processes | Where-Object { $_.Id -eq $parsedProcessId } | Select-Object -First 1
if ($null -ne $match) {
Assert-OrcaProcessAllowed $match
return $match
}
}
$processNeedle = $needle
if ($processNeedle.EndsWith(".exe", [System.StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase)) {
$processNeedle = $processNeedle.Substring(0, $processNeedle.Length - 4)
}
$match = $processes | Where-Object {
$_.ProcessName -ieq $processNeedle -or
"$($_.ProcessName).exe" -ieq $needle -or
$_.MainWindowTitle -ieq $needle -or
$_.MainWindowTitle -ilike "*$needle*"
} | Select-Object -First 1
if ($null -ne $match) {
Assert-OrcaProcessAllowed $match
return $match
}
throw "appNotFound(`"$Query`")"
}
function Assert-OrcaProcessAllowed($Process) {
$values = @($Process.ProcessName, $Process.MainWindowTitle) | ForEach-Object { ([string]$_).ToLowerInvariant() }
foreach ($fragment in $BlockedAppFragments) {
foreach ($value in $values) {
if ($value.Contains($fragment)) {
throw "appBlocked(`"$($Process.ProcessName)`")"
}
}
}
}
function Test-OrcaBrowserProcess($Process) {
$name = ([string]$Process.ProcessName).ToLowerInvariant()
$browserProcesses = @(
"arc",
"brave",
"chrome",
"chromium",
"firefox",
"librewolf",
"msedge",
"opera",
"vivaldi",
"zen"
)
$browserProcesses -contains $name
}
function Get-OrcaRootElement($Process) {
if ($Process.MainWindowHandle -eq 0) {
throw "No top-level UI Automation window is available for $($Process.ProcessName)."
}
[Windows.Automation.AutomationElement]::FromHandle([IntPtr]$Process.MainWindowHandle)
}
function Get-OrcaWindowFrame($Process, $RootElement) {
$rect = New-Object OrcaDesktopWin32+RECT
if ([OrcaDesktopWin32]::GetWindowRect([IntPtr]$Process.MainWindowHandle, [ref]$rect)) {
return New-OrcaFrame $rect.Left $rect.Top ($rect.Right - $rect.Left) ($rect.Bottom - $rect.Top)
}
try {
$bounds = $RootElement.Current.BoundingRectangle
if (-not $bounds.IsEmpty) {
return New-OrcaFrame $bounds.X $bounds.Y $bounds.Width $bounds.Height
}
} catch {}
$null
}
function Get-OrcaWindowId($Process) {
[int64]$Process.MainWindowHandle
}
function Get-OrcaAppName($Process) {
if ($Process.ProcessName -eq "ApplicationFrameHost" -and -not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Process.MainWindowTitle)) {
return [string]$Process.MainWindowTitle
}
[string]$Process.ProcessName
}
function New-OrcaAppRecord($Process) {
[pscustomobject]@{
name = Get-OrcaAppName $Process
bundleIdentifier = $Process.ProcessName
bundleId = $Process.ProcessName
pid = [int]$Process.Id
}
}
function Assert-OrcaWindowTarget($Process, $WindowId, $WindowIndex) {
if ($null -ne $WindowIndex -and [int]$WindowIndex -ne 0) {
throw "windowNotFound(`"$WindowIndex`")"
}
if ($null -ne $WindowId -and [int64]$WindowId -ne (Get-OrcaWindowId $Process)) {
throw "windowNotFound(`"$WindowId`")"
}
}
function Restore-OrcaWindow($Process) {
if ($Process.MainWindowHandle -eq 0) { return }
[void][OrcaDesktopWin32]::ShowWindow([IntPtr]$Process.MainWindowHandle, 9)
[void][OrcaDesktopWin32]::SetForegroundWindow([IntPtr]$Process.MainWindowHandle)
}
function Test-OrcaWindowFocused([IntPtr]$WindowHandle) {
[OrcaDesktopWin32]::GetForegroundWindow() -eq $WindowHandle
}
function Wait-OrcaWindowFocused([IntPtr]$WindowHandle, [int]$TimeoutMilliseconds) {
$stopwatch = [Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
while ($stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds -lt $TimeoutMilliseconds) {
if (Test-OrcaWindowFocused $WindowHandle) { return $true }
Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 50
}
Test-OrcaWindowFocused $WindowHandle
}
function Assert-OrcaKeyboardFocus([IntPtr]$WindowHandle, $Operation) {
if (Test-OrcaWindowFocused $WindowHandle) { return }
if ([bool]$Operation.restoreWindow) {
if (Wait-OrcaWindowFocused $WindowHandle 500) { return }
throw "window_not_focused: keyboard input requires the target window to be focused; restoreWindow was requested but the target window is still not focused; bring it forward manually or check desktop permissions"
}
throw "window_not_focused: keyboard input requires the target window to be focused; retry with --restore-window"
}
function Get-OrcaElementFrame($Element, $WindowFrame) {
try {
$bounds = $Element.Current.BoundingRectangle
if ($bounds.IsEmpty) { return $null }
if ($null -eq $WindowFrame) {
return New-OrcaFrame $bounds.X $bounds.Y $bounds.Width $bounds.Height
}
New-OrcaFrame ($bounds.X - $WindowFrame.x) ($bounds.Y - $WindowFrame.y) $bounds.Width $bounds.Height
} catch {
$null
}
}
function Get-OrcaProperty($Element, [string]$Name) {
try { [string]$Element.Current.$Name } catch { "" }
}
function Get-OrcaRuntimeId($Element) {
try { @($Element.GetRuntimeId()) } catch { @() }
}
function Test-OrcaSensitiveElement($Element) {
try {
if ($Element.Current.IsPassword) { return $true }
} catch {}
$controlType = try { [string]$Element.Current.ControlType.ProgrammaticName } catch { "" }
$parts = @(
(Get-OrcaProperty $Element "LocalizedControlType"),
$controlType,
(Get-OrcaProperty $Element "Name"),
(Get-OrcaProperty $Element "AutomationId"),
(Get-OrcaProperty $Element "ClassName")
)
$haystack = (($parts -join " ") -replace "\s+", " ").ToLowerInvariant()
foreach ($term in @("password", "passcode", "secret", "one-time code", "verification code")) {
if ($haystack.Contains($term)) { return $true }
}
$haystack -match "(^|[^a-z0-9])pin([^a-z0-9]|$)"
}
function Get-OrcaValueText($Element) {
try {
if (Test-OrcaSensitiveElement $Element) { return "[redacted]" }
$pattern = $Element.GetCurrentPattern([Windows.Automation.ValuePattern]::Pattern)
$rawValue = $pattern.Current.Value
$text = if ($null -eq $rawValue) { "" } else { [string]$rawValue }
if ($text.Length -gt $TextLimit) { return $text.Substring(0, $TextLimit) + "..." }
$text
} catch {
""
}
}
function Get-OrcaActions($Element) {
$actions = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]
foreach ($pattern in $Element.GetSupportedPatterns()) {
$name = [string]$pattern.ProgrammaticName
if ($name -like "InvokePatternIdentifiers.Pattern") { $actions.Add("Invoke") }
elseif ($name -like "TogglePatternIdentifiers.Pattern") { $actions.Add("Toggle") }
elseif ($name -like "SelectionItemPatternIdentifiers.Pattern") { $actions.Add("Select") }
elseif ($name -like "ScrollPatternIdentifiers.Pattern") { $actions.Add("Scroll") }
elseif ($name -like "ValuePatternIdentifiers.Pattern") { $actions.Add("SetValue") }
}
@($actions | Select-Object -Unique)
}
function Get-OrcaMeaningfulActions($Actions) {
$noisy = @("Invoke", "ScrollToVisible", "ShowMenu")
@($Actions | Where-Object { $noisy -notcontains $_ })
}
function Format-OrcaSnapshotText([string]$Text) {
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Text)) { return "" }
(($Text -replace "\s+", " ").Trim())
}
function Format-OrcaValueSegment([string]$RoleKey, [string]$Title, [string]$Value) {
$clean = Format-OrcaSnapshotText $Value
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($clean) -or $clean -eq $Title) { return "" }
if ($RoleKey -eq "heading" -and $clean -match "^\d+$") { return "" }
if ($RoleKey -in @("text", "edit", "document", "scroll bar", "progress bar")) {
return " $clean"
}
", Value: $clean"
}
function Test-OrcaSuppressChildren([string]$RoleKey, [string]$Title, [string]$Value, [string]$Summary) {
$hasCompactLabel = -not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Title) -or -not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace((Format-OrcaSnapshotText $Value)) -or -not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace((Format-OrcaSnapshotText $Summary))
$hasCompactLabel -and $RoleKey -in @(
"button",
"check box",
"combo box",
"heading",
"hyperlink",
"link",
"menu item",
"radio button",
"tab item"
)
}
function Get-OrcaTextSnippets($Element, [int]$Limit = 6, [int]$MaxDepth = 3) {
$values = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]
$seen = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.HashSet[string]
function Visit-OrcaText($Node, [int]$Depth) {
if ($values.Count -ge $Limit -or $Depth -gt $MaxDepth) { return }
$role = try { [string]$Node.Current.LocalizedControlType } catch { "" }
if ($role -match "text|link|label") {
foreach ($raw in @((Get-OrcaProperty $Node "Name"), (Get-OrcaValueText $Node))) {
$value = (($raw -replace "\s+", " ").Trim())
if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($value) -and $seen.Add($value)) {
if ($value.Length -gt 80) { $value = $value.Substring(0, 80) + "..." }
$values.Add($value)
if ($values.Count -ge $Limit) { return }
}
}
}
try {
$children = $Node.FindAll([Windows.Automation.TreeScope]::Children, [Windows.Automation.Condition]::TrueCondition)
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $children.Count; $i++) {
Visit-OrcaText $children.Item($i) ($Depth + 1)
if ($values.Count -ge $Limit) { return }
}
} catch {}
}
Visit-OrcaText $Element 0
@($values.ToArray())
}
function Test-OrcaPlainTextSubtree($Element, [int]$MaxDepth = 4) {
$script:sawOrcaText = $false
$allowed = @("pane", "group", "custom", "unknown", "text", "link", "image")
function Visit-OrcaPlainText($Node, [int]$Depth) {
if ($Depth -gt $MaxDepth) { return $false }
$role = try { [string]$Node.Current.LocalizedControlType } catch { "" }
$roleKey = $role.ToLowerInvariant()
if ($allowed -notcontains $roleKey) { return $false }
if ($roleKey -match "text|link") { $script:sawOrcaText = $true }
if (@(Get-OrcaMeaningfulActions @(Get-OrcaActions $Node)).Count -gt 0) { return $false }
try {
$children = $Node.FindAll([Windows.Automation.TreeScope]::Children, [Windows.Automation.Condition]::TrueCondition)
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $children.Count; $i++) {
if (-not (Visit-OrcaPlainText $children.Item($i) ($Depth + 1))) { return $false }
}
} catch {}
return $true
}
(Visit-OrcaPlainText $Element 0) -and $script:sawOrcaText
}
function New-OrcaElementRecord($Element, [int]$Index, $WindowFrame) {
$controlType = try { [string]$Element.Current.ControlType.ProgrammaticName } catch { "" }
$nativeWindowHandle = try { [int64]$Element.Current.NativeWindowHandle } catch { 0 }
[pscustomobject]@{
index = $Index
runtimeId = @(Get-OrcaRuntimeId $Element)
automationId = Get-OrcaProperty $Element "AutomationId"
name = Get-OrcaProperty $Element "Name"
controlType = $controlType
localizedControlType = Get-OrcaProperty $Element "LocalizedControlType"
className = Get-OrcaProperty $Element "ClassName"
value = Get-OrcaValueText $Element
isSelected = Test-OrcaElementSelected $Element
nativeWindowHandle = $nativeWindowHandle
frame = Get-OrcaElementFrame $Element $WindowFrame
actions = @(Get-OrcaActions $Element)
}
}
function Test-OrcaElementSelected($Element) {
try {
$pattern = $Element.GetCurrentPattern([Windows.Automation.SelectionItemPattern]::Pattern)
return [bool]$pattern.Current.IsSelected
} catch {
return $false
}
}
function Render-OrcaTree($RootElement, $WindowFrame, [bool]$CompactBrowserTabs = $false) {
$records = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[object]
$lines = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]
$seen = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.HashSet[string]
$truncation = [pscustomobject]@{
truncated = $false
maxNodes = $MaxNodes
maxDepth = $MaxDepth
maxDepthReached = $false
}
function Visit-OrcaNode($Node, [int]$Depth) {
if ($records.Count -ge $MaxNodes -or $Depth -gt $MaxDepth) {
$truncation.truncated = $true
if ($Depth -gt $MaxDepth) { $truncation.maxDepthReached = $true }
return
}
$identity = try { (@($Node.GetRuntimeId()) -join ".") } catch { [Guid]::NewGuid().ToString() }
if (-not $seen.Add($identity)) { return }
$record = New-OrcaElementRecord $Node $records.Count $WindowFrame
$children = @()
try {
$children = @($Node.FindAll([Windows.Automation.TreeScope]::Children, [Windows.Automation.Condition]::TrueCondition))
} catch {}
$meaningfulActions = @(Get-OrcaMeaningfulActions $record.actions)
$title = if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($record.name)) { $record.automationId } else { $record.name }
$role = if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($record.localizedControlType)) { $record.controlType } else { $record.localizedControlType }
$roleKey = $role.ToLowerInvariant()
$genericSummary = $null
if (($roleKey -in @("pane", "group", "custom", "unknown")) -and [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($title) -and [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($record.value)) {
$snippets = @(Get-OrcaTextSnippets $Node 8 4)
if ($snippets.Count -ge 2 -and (Test-OrcaPlainTextSubtree $Node)) {
$genericSummary = ($snippets -join " ")
}
}
if (($roleKey -in @("pane", "group", "custom", "unknown")) -and [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($title) -and [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($record.value) -and $meaningfulActions.Count -eq 0 -and $null -eq $genericSummary -and $children.Count -le 1) {
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $children.Count; $i++) {
Visit-OrcaNode $children.Item($i) $Depth
}
return
}
$records.Add($record)
$line = "$($record.index) $role $(Format-OrcaSnapshotText $title)".TrimEnd()
$line += Format-OrcaValueSegment $roleKey $title $record.value
if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($genericSummary) -and $genericSummary -ne $title) {
$line += ", Text: " + (Format-OrcaSnapshotText $genericSummary)
} elseif ($roleKey -in @("row", "data item", "list item")) {
$rowSummary = @((Get-OrcaTextSnippets $Node 6 3)) -join " "
if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($rowSummary) -and $rowSummary -ne $title) {
$line += ", Text: " + (Format-OrcaSnapshotText $rowSummary)
}
}
if ($meaningfulActions.Count -gt 0) {
$line += ", Secondary Actions: " + ($meaningfulActions -join ", ")
}
$lines.Add(("`t" * $Depth) + $line)
if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($genericSummary) -or (Test-OrcaSuppressChildren $roleKey $title $record.value $genericSummary)) { return }
$childLineStart = $lines.Count
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $children.Count; $i++) {
Visit-OrcaNode $children.Item($i) ($Depth + 1)
}
if ($CompactBrowserTabs) {
Compress-OrcaRenderedBrowserTabs $records $lines $childLineStart ($Depth + 1)
}
}
Visit-OrcaNode $RootElement 0
[pscustomobject]@{ elements = @($records.ToArray()); lines = @($lines.ToArray()); truncation = $truncation }
}
function Compress-OrcaRenderedBrowserTabs($Records, $Lines, [int]$StartLine, [int]$Depth) {
$tabLineIndexes = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[int]
for ($lineIndex = $StartLine; $lineIndex -lt $Lines.Count; $lineIndex++) {
if (Test-OrcaDirectRenderedBrowserTabLine ([string]$Lines[$lineIndex]) $Depth) {
$tabLineIndexes.Add($lineIndex)
}
}
if ($tabLineIndexes.Count -lt 10) { return }
$recordsByIndex = @{}
foreach ($record in @($Records.ToArray())) {
$recordsByIndex[[int]$record.index] = $record
}
$activeLineIndexes = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.HashSet[int]
foreach ($lineIndex in $tabLineIndexes) {
if (Test-OrcaActiveRenderedBrowserTabLine ([string]$Lines[$lineIndex]) $Depth $recordsByIndex) {
[void]$activeLineIndexes.Add($lineIndex)
}
}
if ($activeLineIndexes.Count -eq 0) { return }
$omittedRecordIndexes = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.HashSet[int]
$omittedCount = 0
$insertionIndex = $tabLineIndexes[0]
for ($i = $tabLineIndexes.Count - 1; $i -ge 0; $i--) {
$lineIndex = $tabLineIndexes[$i]
if ($activeLineIndexes.Contains($lineIndex)) { continue }
$recordIndex = Get-OrcaRenderedElementIndex ([string]$Lines[$lineIndex]) $Depth
if ($null -ne $recordIndex) {
[void]$omittedRecordIndexes.Add([int]$recordIndex)
}
$Lines.RemoveAt($lineIndex)
$omittedCount++
}
if ($omittedCount -le 0) { return }
for ($recordIndex = $Records.Count - 1; $recordIndex -ge 0; $recordIndex--) {
if ($omittedRecordIndexes.Contains([int]$Records[$recordIndex].index)) {
$Records.RemoveAt($recordIndex)
}
}
$Lines.Insert($insertionIndex, (("`t" * $Depth) + "... $omittedCount inactive browser tabs omitted"))
}
function Test-OrcaDirectRenderedBrowserTabLine([string]$Line, [int]$Depth) {
$indent = "`t" * $Depth
if (-not $Line.StartsWith($indent)) { return $false }
$text = $Line.Substring($indent.Length)
if ($text.StartsWith("`t")) { return $false }
$text -match "^\d+ (page tab|tab item|tab)($|[ \(,])"
}
function Test-OrcaActiveRenderedBrowserTabLine([string]$Line, [int]$Depth, $RecordsByIndex) {
if ($Line.Contains("(selected")) { return $true }
$recordIndex = Get-OrcaRenderedElementIndex $Line $Depth
if ($null -eq $recordIndex -or -not $RecordsByIndex.ContainsKey([int]$recordIndex)) { return $false }
$record = $RecordsByIndex[[int]$recordIndex]
[bool]$record.isSelected -or (Format-OrcaSnapshotText $record.value) -eq "1"
}
function Get-OrcaRenderedElementIndex([string]$Line, [int]$Depth) {
$text = $Line.Substring(("`t" * $Depth).Length)
if ($text -match "^(\d+)") { return [int]$Matches[1] }
$null
}
function ConvertTo-OrcaPngBytes([System.Drawing.Image]$Image) {
$stream = $null
try {
$stream = New-Object System.IO.MemoryStream
$Image.Save($stream, [System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat]::Png)
return ,$stream.ToArray()
} finally {
if ($null -ne $stream) { $stream.Dispose() }
}
}
function New-OrcaScreenshotPayload([byte[]]$Bytes, [int]$Width, [int]$Height, [double]$Scale) {
[pscustomobject]@{
base64 = [Convert]::ToBase64String($Bytes)
width = $Width
height = $Height
scale = $Scale
}
}
function Resize-OrcaBitmap([System.Drawing.Bitmap]$Source, [int]$Width, [int]$Height) {
$resized = $null
$graphics = $null
try {
$resized = New-Object System.Drawing.Bitmap $Width, $Height
$graphics = [System.Drawing.Graphics]::FromImage($resized)
$graphics.InterpolationMode = [System.Drawing.Drawing2D.InterpolationMode]::Bilinear
$graphics.DrawImage($Source, 0, 0, $Width, $Height)
$result = $resized
$resized = $null
return $result
} finally {
if ($null -ne $graphics) { $graphics.Dispose() }
if ($null -ne $resized) { $resized.Dispose() }
}
}
function Get-OrcaBoundedScreenshotPayload([System.Drawing.Bitmap]$Bitmap) {
$originalWidth = [int][Math]::Max(1, $Bitmap.Width)
$originalHeight = [int][Math]::Max(1, $Bitmap.Height)
$pngBytes = ConvertTo-OrcaPngBytes $Bitmap
if ($pngBytes.Length -le $MaxScreenshotPngBytes) {
return New-OrcaScreenshotPayload $pngBytes $originalWidth $originalHeight 1.0
}
# Why: screenshots cross process boundaries as PNG base64 in JSON; cap noisy
# large-window payloads to match the macOS provider's memory bounds.
$scale = [Math]::Min(1.0, $MaxScreenshotEdge / [double][Math]::Max($originalWidth, $originalHeight))
while ($scale -ge $MinScreenshotScale) {
$width = [int][Math]::Max(1, [Math]::Round($originalWidth * $scale))
$height = [int][Math]::Max(1, [Math]::Round($originalHeight * $scale))
if ($width -eq $originalWidth -and $height -eq $originalHeight) {
$scale *= $ScreenshotScaleStep
continue
}
$resized = $null
try {
$resized = Resize-OrcaBitmap $Bitmap $width $height
$candidateBytes = ConvertTo-OrcaPngBytes $resized
if ($candidateBytes.Length -le $MaxScreenshotPngBytes) {
return New-OrcaScreenshotPayload $candidateBytes $width $height ($width / [double]$originalWidth)
}
} finally {
if ($null -ne $resized) { $resized.Dispose() }
}
$scale *= $ScreenshotScaleStep
}
[pscustomobject]@{
error = [pscustomobject]@{
code = "screenshot_failed"
message = "screenshot exceeded the computer-use payload cap after downscaling; retry with --no-screenshot or target a smaller window"
}
}
}
function Get-OrcaScreenshot([bool]$IncludeScreenshot, $WindowFrame) {
if (-not $IncludeScreenshot -or $null -eq $WindowFrame) { return $null }
$bitmap = $null
$graphics = $null
try {
$width = [int][Math]::Max(1, [Math]::Round($WindowFrame.width))
$height = [int][Math]::Max(1, [Math]::Round($WindowFrame.height))
$bitmap = New-Object System.Drawing.Bitmap $width, $height
$graphics = [System.Drawing.Graphics]::FromImage($bitmap)
$graphics.CopyFromScreen([int][Math]::Round($WindowFrame.x), [int][Math]::Round($WindowFrame.y), 0, 0, $bitmap.Size)
Get-OrcaBoundedScreenshotPayload $bitmap
} catch {
$null
} finally {
if ($null -ne $graphics) { $graphics.Dispose() }
if ($null -ne $bitmap) { $bitmap.Dispose() }
}
}
function New-OrcaSnapshot([string]$Query, [bool]$IncludeScreenshot, $WindowId = $null, $WindowIndex = $null, [bool]$RestoreWindow = $false) {
$process = Find-OrcaProcess $Query
if ($RestoreWindow) { Restore-OrcaWindow $process }
Assert-OrcaWindowTarget $process $WindowId $WindowIndex
$root = Get-OrcaRootElement $process
$windowFrame = Get-OrcaWindowFrame $process $root
$tree = Render-OrcaTree $root $windowFrame (Test-OrcaBrowserProcess $process)
$screenshot = Get-OrcaScreenshot $IncludeScreenshot $windowFrame
[pscustomobject]@{
snapshotId = [guid]::NewGuid().ToString()
app = New-OrcaAppRecord $process
windowTitle = $process.MainWindowTitle
windowId = Get-OrcaWindowId $process
windowBounds = $windowFrame
screenshotPngBase64 = if ($null -ne $screenshot) { $screenshot.base64 } else { $null }
screenshotWidth = if ($null -ne $screenshot) { $screenshot.width } else { $null }
screenshotHeight = if ($null -ne $screenshot) { $screenshot.height } else { $null }
screenshotScale = if ($null -ne $screenshot) { $screenshot.scale } else { $null }
screenshotError = if ($null -ne $screenshot) { $screenshot.error } else { $null }
coordinateSpace = "window"
truncation = $tree.truncation
treeLines = @($tree.lines)
focusedSummary = $null
focusedElementId = $null
selectedText = $null
elements = @($tree.elements)
}
}
function Get-OrcaAppList {
@(Get-OrcaWindowProcesses | ForEach-Object {
New-OrcaAppRecord $_
})
}
function Get-OrcaWindowList([string]$Query) {
$process = Find-OrcaProcess $Query
$root = Get-OrcaRootElement $process
$windowFrame = Get-OrcaWindowFrame $process $root
$x = $null
$y = $null
$width = 0
$height = 0
if ($null -ne $windowFrame) {
$x = [int][Math]::Round($windowFrame.x)
$y = [int][Math]::Round($windowFrame.y)
$width = [int][Math]::Max(0, [Math]::Round($windowFrame.width))
$height = [int][Math]::Max(0, [Math]::Round($windowFrame.height))
}
$app = New-OrcaAppRecord $process
[pscustomobject]@{
app = $app
windows = @([pscustomobject]@{
index = 0
app = $app
id = Get-OrcaWindowId $process
title = $process.MainWindowTitle
x = $x
y = $y
width = $width
height = $height
isMinimized = $false
isOffscreen = $false
screenIndex = $null
platform = [pscustomobject]@{ backend = "uia"; nativeWindowHandle = Get-OrcaWindowId $process }
})
}
}
function Get-OrcaHandshake {
[pscustomobject]@{
platform = "win32"
provider = "orca-computer-use-windows"
providerVersion = "1.0.0"
protocolVersion = 1
supports = [pscustomobject]@{
apps = [pscustomobject]@{ list = $true; bundleIds = $false; pids = $true }
windows = [pscustomobject]@{ list = $true; targetById = $true; targetByIndex = $true; focus = $false; moveResize = $false }
observation = [pscustomobject]@{ screenshot = $true; annotatedScreenshot = $false; elementFrames = $true; ocr = $false }
actions = [pscustomobject]@{
click = $true
typeText = $true
pressKey = $true
hotkey = $true
pasteText = $true
scroll = $true
drag = $true
setValue = $true
performAction = $true
}
surfaces = [pscustomobject]@{ menus = $false; dialogs = $false; dock = $false; menubar = $false }
}
}
}
function Test-OrcaSameRuntimeId($Left, $Right) {
if ($null -eq $Left -or $null -eq $Right -or $Left.Count -ne $Right.Count) { return $false }
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $Left.Count; $i++) {
if ([int]$Left[$i] -ne [int]$Right[$i]) { return $false }
}
$true
}
function Find-OrcaElement($RootElement, $Record) {
if ($null -eq $Record) { return $null }
if ($Record.index -eq 0) { return $RootElement }
try {
$descendants = $RootElement.FindAll([Windows.Automation.TreeScope]::Descendants, [Windows.Automation.Condition]::TrueCondition)
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $descendants.Count; $i++) {
$candidate = $descendants.Item($i)
if (Test-OrcaSameRuntimeId @($candidate.GetRuntimeId()) @($Record.runtimeId)) {
return $candidate
}
}
} catch {}
$null
}
function Invoke-OrcaPrimaryAction($Element) {
foreach ($pattern in @(
[Windows.Automation.InvokePattern]::Pattern,
[Windows.Automation.SelectionItemPattern]::Pattern,
[Windows.Automation.TogglePattern]::Pattern
)) {
try {
$instance = $Element.GetCurrentPattern($pattern)
if ($pattern -eq [Windows.Automation.InvokePattern]::Pattern) { $instance.Invoke(); return $true }
if ($pattern -eq [Windows.Automation.SelectionItemPattern]::Pattern) { $instance.Select(); return $true }
if ($pattern -eq [Windows.Automation.TogglePattern]::Pattern) { $instance.Toggle(); return $true }
} catch {}
}
$false
}
function Invoke-OrcaNamedAction($Element, [string]$Action) {
$wanted = ""
if ($null -ne $Action) { $wanted = $Action.Trim().ToLowerInvariant() }
switch ($wanted) {
"invoke" {
$pattern = $Element.GetCurrentPattern([Windows.Automation.InvokePattern]::Pattern)
$pattern.Invoke()
return $true
}
"select" {
$pattern = $Element.GetCurrentPattern([Windows.Automation.SelectionItemPattern]::Pattern)
$pattern.Select()
return $true
}
"toggle" {
$pattern = $Element.GetCurrentPattern([Windows.Automation.TogglePattern]::Pattern)
$pattern.Toggle()
return $true
}
default {
return $false
}
}
}
function Set-OrcaElementValue($Element, [string]$Value) {
try {
$pattern = $Element.GetCurrentPattern([Windows.Automation.ValuePattern]::Pattern)
if (-not $pattern.Current.IsReadOnly) {
$pattern.SetValue($Value)
return $true
}
} catch {}
$false
}
function Get-OrcaRequiredNumber($Value, [string]$Name) {
if ($null -eq $Value) { throw "$Name is required" }
$number = [double]$Value
if ([double]::IsNaN($number) -or [double]::IsInfinity($number)) {
throw "$Name must be a finite number"
}
$number
}
function Get-OrcaPositiveInteger($Value, [string]$Name) {
if ($null -eq $Value) { $Value = 1 }
$number = [int]$Value
if ($number -le 0) { throw "$Name must be a positive integer" }
$number
}
function Get-OrcaPositiveNumber($Value, [string]$Name) {
if ($null -eq $Value) { $Value = 1 }
$number = Get-OrcaRequiredNumber $Value $Name
if ($number -le 0) { throw "$Name must be a positive number" }
$number
}
function Get-OrcaRequiredString($Value, [string]$Name) {
if ($null -eq $Value) { throw "$Name is required" }
$text = [string]$Value
if ($text.Length -eq 0) { throw "$Name is required" }
$text
}
function Get-OrcaScreenPoint($Operation, $WindowFrame) {
if ($null -ne $Operation.element) {
throw "stale element frame; run get-app-state again and use a fresh element index"
}
$x = Get-OrcaRequiredNumber $Operation.x "x"
$y = Get-OrcaRequiredNumber $Operation.y "y"
@{
x = [int][Math]::Round($WindowFrame.x + $x)
y = [int][Math]::Round($WindowFrame.y + $y)
}
}
function Get-OrcaElementScreenPoint($Element) {
if ($null -eq $Element) { return $null }
try {
$rect = $Element.Current.BoundingRectangle
if ($rect.Width -gt 0 -and $rect.Height -gt 0) {
return @{
x = [int][Math]::Round($rect.X + ($rect.Width / 2))
y = [int][Math]::Round($rect.Y + ($rect.Height / 2))
}
}
} catch {}
$null
}
function Send-OrcaMouseClick([IntPtr]$WindowHandle, [int]$ScreenX, [int]$ScreenY, [string]$Button, [int]$Count, [string]$Modifiers) {
[void][OrcaDesktopWin32]::SetForegroundWindow($WindowHandle)
[void][OrcaDesktopWin32]::SetCursorPos($ScreenX, $ScreenY)
$buttonName = if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Button)) { "left" } else { $Button.ToLowerInvariant() }
switch ($buttonName) {
"left" { $down = $MouseEvents.LeftDown; $up = $MouseEvents.LeftUp }
"right" { $down = $MouseEvents.RightDown; $up = $MouseEvents.RightUp }
"middle" { $down = $MouseEvents.MiddleDown; $up = $MouseEvents.MiddleUp }
default { throw "unsupported mouse button: $Button" }
}
$modifierKeys = @(Get-OrcaClickModifierVirtualKeys $Modifiers)
$clickCount = Get-OrcaPositiveInteger $Count "click_count"
if ($modifierKeys.Count -eq 0) {
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $clickCount; $i++) {
[OrcaDesktopWin32]::mouse_event($down, 0, 0, 0, [UIntPtr]::Zero)
Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 35
[OrcaDesktopWin32]::mouse_event($up, 0, 0, 0, [UIntPtr]::Zero)
}
return
}
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $clickCount; $i++) {
[OrcaDesktopWin32]::SendModifiedClick(
[byte[]]$modifierKeys,
[uint32]$down,
[uint32]$up
)
if ($i + 1 -lt $clickCount) { Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 35 }
}
}
function Send-OrcaDrag([IntPtr]$WindowHandle, $From, $To) {
[void][OrcaDesktopWin32]::SetForegroundWindow($WindowHandle)
$startX = [int]$From.x
$startY = [int]$From.y
$endX = [int]$To.x
$endY = [int]$To.y
[void][OrcaDesktopWin32]::SetCursorPos($startX, $startY)
[OrcaDesktopWin32]::mouse_event($MouseEvents.LeftDown, 0, 0, 0, [UIntPtr]::Zero)
for ($step = 1; $step -le 12; $step++) {
$x = [int][Math]::Round($startX + (($endX - $startX) * $step / 12))
$y = [int][Math]::Round($startY + (($endY - $startY) * $step / 12))
[void][OrcaDesktopWin32]::SetCursorPos($x, $y)
Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 20
}
[OrcaDesktopWin32]::mouse_event($MouseEvents.LeftUp, 0, 0, 0, [UIntPtr]::Zero)
}
function Send-OrcaText([IntPtr]$WindowHandle, [string]$Text) {
[void][OrcaDesktopWin32]::SetForegroundWindow($WindowHandle)
$hasNonAscii = $false
foreach ($character in $Text.ToCharArray()) {
if ([int][char]$character -gt 0x7F) { $hasNonAscii = $true; break }
}
if ($hasNonAscii) {
foreach ($character in $Text.ToCharArray()) {
[void][OrcaDesktopWin32]::PostMessage($WindowHandle, $WindowsMessages.Char, [IntPtr][int][char]$character, [IntPtr]::Zero)
Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 8
}
return
}
[System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys]::SendWait((ConvertTo-OrcaSendKeysText $Text))
}
function Get-OrcaVirtualKey([string]$Key) {
$normalized = $Key.ToLowerInvariant()
$map = @{
"return" = 0x0D; "enter" = 0x0D; "tab" = 0x09; "escape" = 0x1B; "esc" = 0x1B
"backspace" = 0x08; "delete" = 0x2E; "space" = 0x20; "left" = 0x25
"up" = 0x26; "right" = 0x27; "down" = 0x28; "home" = 0x24; "end" = 0x23
}
if ($map.ContainsKey($normalized)) { return $map[$normalized] }
if ($normalized.Length -eq 1) { return [int][char]$normalized.ToUpperInvariant()[0] }
throw "Unsupported key: $Key"
}
function Send-OrcaKey([IntPtr]$WindowHandle, [string]$Key) {
[void][OrcaDesktopWin32]::SetForegroundWindow($WindowHandle)
[System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys]::SendWait((ConvertTo-OrcaSendKeysKey $Key))
}
function Get-OrcaModifierVirtualKey([string]$Modifier) {
switch ($Modifier.ToLowerInvariant()) {
{ $_ -in @("ctrl", "control", "cmdorctrl", "commandorcontrol") } { return 0x11 }
{ $_ -in @("shift") } { return 0x10 }
{ $_ -in @("alt", "option") } { return 0x12 }
{ $_ -in @("meta", "super", "win", "cmd", "command") } { return 0x5B }
default { throw "Unsupported modifier: $Modifier" }
}
}
function Get-OrcaClickModifierVirtualKeys([string]$Modifiers) {
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Modifiers)) { return @() }
$parts = @($Modifiers.Split("+") | ForEach-Object { $_.Trim() })
$emptyParts = @($parts | Where-Object { [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_) })
if ($parts.Count -eq 0 -or $emptyParts.Count -gt 0) {
throw "Click modifiers require modifier keys only"
}
@($parts | ForEach-Object { Get-OrcaModifierVirtualKey $_ })
}
function Send-OrcaHotkey([IntPtr]$WindowHandle, [string]$KeySpec) {
$parts = @($KeySpec.Split("+") | ForEach-Object { $_.Trim() } | Where-Object { -not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_) })
if ($parts.Count -eq 0) { throw "Unsupported key: $KeySpec" }
$key = $parts[$parts.Count - 1]
$prefix = ""
if ($parts.Count -gt 1) {
foreach ($modifier in $parts[0..($parts.Count - 2)]) {
$prefix += ConvertTo-OrcaSendKeysModifier $modifier
}
}
[void][OrcaDesktopWin32]::SetForegroundWindow($WindowHandle)
[System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys]::SendWait($prefix + (ConvertTo-OrcaSendKeysKey $key))
}
function ConvertTo-OrcaSendKeysText([string]$Text) {
$builder = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder
foreach ($character in $Text.ToCharArray()) {
$value = [string]$character
if ($value -eq "`r") { continue }
if ($value -eq "`n") { [void]$builder.Append("{ENTER}"); continue }
if ("+^%~(){}[]".Contains($value)) {
[void]$builder.Append("{").Append($value).Append("}")
} else {
[void]$builder.Append($value)
}
}
$builder.ToString()
}
function ConvertTo-OrcaSendKeysKey([string]$Key) {
switch ($Key.ToLowerInvariant()) {
{ $_ -in @("return", "enter") } { return "{ENTER}" }
"tab" { return "{TAB}" }
{ $_ -in @("escape", "esc") } { return "{ESC}" }
"backspace" { return "{BACKSPACE}" }
"delete" { return "{DELETE}" }
"space" { return " " }
"left" { return "{LEFT}" }
"up" { return "{UP}" }
"right" { return "{RIGHT}" }
"down" { return "{DOWN}" }
"home" { return "{HOME}" }
"end" { return "{END}" }
{ $_ -in @("pageup", "page_up") } { return "{PGUP}" }
{ $_ -in @("pagedown", "page_down") } { return "{PGDN}" }
"insert" { return "{INSERT}" }
default {
if ($Key.Length -eq 1) { return (ConvertTo-OrcaSendKeysText $Key) }
throw "Unsupported key: $Key"
}
}
}
function ConvertTo-OrcaSendKeysModifier([string]$Modifier) {
switch ($Modifier.ToLowerInvariant()) {
{ $_ -in @("ctrl", "control", "cmdorctrl", "commandorcontrol") } { return "^" }
"shift" { return "+" }
{ $_ -in @("alt", "option") } { return "%" }
default { throw "Unsupported modifier: $Modifier" }
}
}
function Send-OrcaPasteText([IntPtr]$WindowHandle, [string]$Text) {
$previous = $null
$hadPrevious = $false
try { $previous = [System.Windows.Forms.Clipboard]::GetDataObject() } catch {}
$hadPrevious = $null -ne $previous
try {
Set-Clipboard -Value $Text
Send-OrcaHotkey $WindowHandle "Ctrl+v"
} finally {
if ($hadPrevious) {
try { [System.Windows.Forms.Clipboard]::SetDataObject($previous, $true) } catch {}
} else {
try { [System.Windows.Forms.Clipboard]::Clear() } catch {}
}
}
}
function Invoke-OrcaOperation($Operation) {
$includeScreenshot = -not [bool]$Operation.noScreenshot
if ($Operation.tool -eq "handshake") {
return [pscustomobject]@{ ok = $true; capabilities = Get-OrcaHandshake }
}
if ($Operation.tool -eq "list_apps") {
return [pscustomobject]@{ ok = $true; apps = @(Get-OrcaAppList) }
}
if ($Operation.tool -eq "list_windows") {
$list = Get-OrcaWindowList $Operation.app
return [pscustomobject]@{ ok = $true; app = $list.app; windows = @($list.windows) }
}
if ($Operation.tool -eq "get_app_state") {
return [pscustomobject]@{ ok = $true; snapshot = New-OrcaSnapshot $Operation.app $includeScreenshot $Operation.windowId $Operation.windowIndex ([bool]$Operation.restoreWindow) }
}
$process = Find-OrcaProcess $Operation.app
if ([bool]$Operation.restoreWindow) { Restore-OrcaWindow $process }
Assert-OrcaWindowTarget $process $Operation.windowId $Operation.windowIndex
$root = Get-OrcaRootElement $process
$windowFrame = if ($null -ne $Operation.windowBounds) { $Operation.windowBounds } else { Get-OrcaWindowFrame $process $root }
$element = Find-OrcaElement $root $Operation.element
$fromElement = Find-OrcaElement $root $Operation.fromElement
$toElement = Find-OrcaElement $root $Operation.toElement
$handle = [IntPtr]$process.MainWindowHandle
if ($Operation.tool -in @("type_text", "press_key", "hotkey", "paste_text")) {
Assert-OrcaKeyboardFocus $handle $Operation
}
$action = $null
switch ($Operation.tool) {
"click" {
# Why: agents expect a click into a target app to make the next
# keyboard action safe, even when UI Automation handles the click.
Restore-OrcaWindow $process
$handledByPattern = $false
$clickCount = Get-OrcaPositiveInteger $Operation.click_count "click_count"
$hasModifiers = -not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace([string]$Operation.modifiers)
if (-not $hasModifiers -and $null -ne $element -and $Operation.mouse_button -ne "right" -and $Operation.mouse_button -ne "middle" -and $clickCount -le 1) {
$handledByPattern = Invoke-OrcaPrimaryAction $element
}
if (-not $handledByPattern) {
$point = Get-OrcaElementScreenPoint $element
if ($null -eq $point) { $point = Get-OrcaScreenPoint $Operation $windowFrame }
Send-OrcaMouseClick $handle $point.x $point.y $Operation.mouse_button $clickCount $Operation.modifiers
$action = [pscustomobject]@{ path = "synthetic"; actionName = $null; fallbackReason = "actionUnsupported" }
} else {
$action = [pscustomobject]@{ path = "accessibility"; actionName = "primaryAction"; fallbackReason = $null }
}
}
"perform_secondary_action" {
if ($null -eq $element) { throw "unknown element_index" }
if (-not (Invoke-OrcaNamedAction $element $Operation.action)) {
throw "$($Operation.action) is not a valid secondary action"
}
$action = [pscustomobject]@{ path = "accessibility"; actionName = $Operation.action; fallbackReason = $null }
}
"scroll" {
$delta = 120 * [int][Math]::Ceiling((Get-OrcaPositiveNumber $Operation.pages "pages"))
$mouseEvent = $MouseEvents.Wheel
if ($Operation.direction -eq "down") {
$delta = -1 * $delta
} elseif ($Operation.direction -eq "left") {
$mouseEvent = $MouseEvents.HorizontalWheel
$delta = -1 * $delta
} elseif ($Operation.direction -eq "right") {
$mouseEvent = $MouseEvents.HorizontalWheel
} elseif ($Operation.direction -ne "up") {
throw "unsupported scroll direction: $($Operation.direction)"
}
$point = Get-OrcaElementScreenPoint $element
if ($null -eq $point) { $point = Get-OrcaScreenPoint $Operation $windowFrame }
[void][OrcaDesktopWin32]::SetForegroundWindow($handle)
[void][OrcaDesktopWin32]::SetCursorPos([int]$point.x, [int]$point.y)
[OrcaDesktopWin32]::mouse_event($mouseEvent, 0, 0, $delta, [UIntPtr]::Zero)
$action = [pscustomobject]@{ path = "synthetic"; actionName = "scroll"; fallbackReason = $null }
}
"drag" {
$from = Get-OrcaElementScreenPoint $fromElement
if ($null -eq $from -and $null -ne $Operation.fromElement) { throw "stale element frame; run get-app-state again and use a fresh element index" }
if ($null -eq $from) {
$from = @{
x = $windowFrame.x + (Get-OrcaRequiredNumber $Operation.from_x "from_x")
y = $windowFrame.y + (Get-OrcaRequiredNumber $Operation.from_y "from_y")
}
}
$to = Get-OrcaElementScreenPoint $toElement
if ($null -eq $to -and $null -ne $Operation.toElement) { throw "stale element frame; run get-app-state again and use a fresh element index" }
if ($null -eq $to) {
$to = @{
x = $windowFrame.x + (Get-OrcaRequiredNumber $Operation.to_x "to_x")
y = $windowFrame.y + (Get-OrcaRequiredNumber $Operation.to_y "to_y")
}
}
Send-OrcaDrag $handle $from $to
$action = [pscustomobject]@{ path = "synthetic"; actionName = "drag"; fallbackReason = $null }
}
"type_text" {
Send-OrcaText $handle (Get-OrcaRequiredString $Operation.text "text")
$action = [pscustomobject]@{ path = "synthetic"; actionName = "typeText"; fallbackReason = $null; verification = [pscustomobject]@{ state = "unverified"; reason = "synthetic_input" } }
}
"press_key" {
Send-OrcaKey $handle (Get-OrcaRequiredString $Operation.key "key")
$action = [pscustomobject]@{ path = "synthetic"; actionName = "pressKey"; fallbackReason = $null; verification = [pscustomobject]@{ state = "unverified"; reason = "synthetic_input" } }
}
"hotkey" {
Send-OrcaHotkey $handle (Get-OrcaRequiredString $Operation.key "key")
$action = [pscustomobject]@{ path = "synthetic"; actionName = "hotkey"; fallbackReason = $null; verification = [pscustomobject]@{ state = "unverified"; reason = "synthetic_input" } }
}
"paste_text" {
Send-OrcaPasteText $handle (Get-OrcaRequiredString $Operation.text "text")
$action = [pscustomobject]@{ path = "clipboard"; actionName = "paste"; fallbackReason = $null; verification = [pscustomobject]@{ state = "unverified"; reason = "clipboard_paste" } }
}
"set_value" {
if ($null -eq $element -or -not (Set-OrcaElementValue $element ([string]$Operation.value))) {
throw "element value is not settable"
}
$action = [pscustomobject]@{ path = "accessibility"; actionName = "setValue"; fallbackReason = $null }
}
default {
throw "unsupported tool: $($Operation.tool)"
}
}
try {
$snapshot = New-OrcaSnapshot $Operation.app $includeScreenshot $Operation.windowId $Operation.windowIndex
} catch {
if ($null -eq $Operation.windowId -and $null -eq $Operation.windowIndex) { throw }
if ($null -eq $action.verification) {
$action | Add-Member -NotePropertyName verification -NotePropertyValue ([pscustomobject]@{ state = "unverified"; reason = "window_changed" })
}
$snapshot = New-OrcaSnapshot $Operation.app $includeScreenshot $null $null
}
[pscustomobject]@{ ok = $true; action = $action; snapshot = $snapshot }
}
function Invoke-OrcaServeLoop {
# Announced before the first read, and after every Add-Type above: a caller
# that never sees this line knows the helper cannot have read a request, let
# alone synthesized a click, so replaying it is provably safe. Inferring that
# from a missing response instead would replay operations that did run.
[Console]::Out.WriteLine('{"ready":true}')
[Console]::Out.Flush()
# One NDJSON request per line in, one response per line out, until stdin closes.
# Responses carry base64 screenshots and routinely exceed a megabyte; ReadLine
# and the console writer are both length-bounded only by memory.
while ($true) {
$line = [Console]::In.ReadLine()
if ($null -eq $line) { break }
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($line)) { continue }
$requestId = $null
try {
$operation = $line | ConvertFrom-Json
$requestId = $operation.requestId
$response = Invoke-OrcaOperation $operation
} catch {
$response = [pscustomobject]@{ ok = $false; error = [string]$_.Exception.Message }
# ConvertFrom-Json throws before the id is read, so recover it from the
# raw line. An error the caller can match is delivered to the request
# that caused it; an unmatched one only trips the caller's desync
# guard, which kills this helper, charges a failure toward its cooldown
# and discards the message below - so a malformed request would be
# reported as a broken stream and its real cause never surface.
if ($null -eq $requestId -and $line -match '"requestId"\s*:\s*(\d+)') {
$requestId = [long]$Matches[1]
}
}
# Echoed so the caller can prove which request a line answers; a reply it
# cannot match is a desynchronised stream, not a usable response.
if ($null -ne $requestId) {
$response | Add-Member -NotePropertyName requestId -NotePropertyValue $requestId -Force
}
[Console]::Out.WriteLine((ConvertTo-Json $response -Depth 100 -Compress))
[Console]::Out.Flush()
}
}
if ($Serve) {
Invoke-OrcaServeLoop
} elseif ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($OperationPath)) {
Write-OrcaJson ([pscustomobject]@{ ok = $false; error = "runtime.ps1 requires an operation path or -Serve" })
} else {
try {
$operation = Read-OrcaOperation $OperationPath
Write-OrcaJson (Invoke-OrcaOperation $operation)
} catch {
Write-OrcaJson ([pscustomobject]@{ ok = $false; error = [string]$_.Exception.Message })
}
}