Anchoring decided which turn gets stripped but not how many markers may go,
so a turn attaching one image and mentioning a second marker in prose still
lost the user's literal text. Strip at most one marker per image in the
anchored source run, in document order across the turn's text blocks; markers
past the count stay verbatim.
Position, not ordinal, decides which markers are placeholders, so the rule
holds whether the producing CLI numbers markers per-turn or per-session.
Brennan Benson
1689e2f241