diff --git a/app/(main)/[locale]/layout.tsx b/app/(main)/[locale]/layout.tsx
index 992bef2ec..762f30ab9 100644
--- a/app/(main)/[locale]/layout.tsx
+++ b/app/(main)/[locale]/layout.tsx
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import { FreeBusyAutoShare } from "@/components/calendar/free-busy-auto-share";
 import { MainWindowOnly } from "@/components/popout/main-window-only";
 import { PopoutHost } from "@/components/popout/popout-host";
 import { WindowSyncHost } from "@/components/popout/window-sync-host";
+import { DesktopHost } from "@/components/desktop/desktop-host";
 import { IS_LITE } from "@/lib/lite";
 import { setRequestLocale } from "next-intl/server";
 import { locales } from "@/i18n/routing";
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ export default async function LocaleLayout({
                     {!IS_LITE && <PopoutHost />}
                   </MainWindowOnly>
                   {!IS_LITE && <WindowSyncHost />}
+                  {!IS_LITE && <DesktopHost />}
                   <SessionTimeoutGuard />
                   <AccountTemplateSync />
                   {children}
diff --git a/app/(main)/[locale]/popout/spare/page.tsx b/app/(main)/[locale]/popout/spare/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1eafe6639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/(main)/[locale]/popout/spare/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import { PopoutSpareApp } from "@/components/popout/popout-spare-app";
+
+// The desktop app's warm spare (components/popout/popout-spare-app.tsx). Not in
+// Lite: scripts/lite removes this tree.
+export default function PopoutSparePage() {
+  return <PopoutSpareApp />;
+}
diff --git a/app/globals.css b/app/globals.css
index 212b080c2..5d79028fd 100644
--- a/app/globals.css
+++ b/app/globals.css
@@ -587,6 +587,11 @@ optgroup {
   -webkit-app-region: drag;
 }
 
+.window-title-bar-item {
+  app-region: no-drag;
+  -webkit-app-region: no-drag;
+}
+
 /* Safe area insets for notched devices (iPhone X+, etc.) */
 .safe-area-inset-top {
   padding-top: env(safe-area-inset-top);
diff --git a/components/desktop/__tests__/desktop-host.test.tsx b/components/desktop/__tests__/desktop-host.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b44514e6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/components/desktop/__tests__/desktop-host.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import { act, cleanup, render, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { BulwarkDesktopBridge } from '@/lib/desktop/types';
+import { registerDesktopSurface, resetDesktopCommands } from '@/lib/desktop/commands';
+import { resetDesktopPrefsCache, setDesktopPref } from '@/lib/desktop/preferences';
+import { useAuthStore } from '@/stores/auth-store';
+import { useLocaleStore } from '@/stores/locale-store';
+import { useOfflineStore } from '@/lib/offline/state';
+
+const push = vi.fn();
+vi.mock('@/i18n/navigation', () => ({ useRouter: () => ({ push }) }));
+
+const canPrint = vi.fn(() => true);
+const canDownload = vi.fn(() => true);
+vi.mock('@/lib/device-policy', () => ({ canPrintAnywhere: () => canPrint(), canDownloadAnywhere: () => canDownload() }));
+
+const { DesktopHost } = await import('../desktop-host');
+
+function fakeBridge() {
+  let command: ((id: string) => void) | null = null;
+  let flush: (() => Promise<unknown>) | null = null;
+  const parts = {
+    setState: vi.fn(),
+    setLanguages: vi.fn(),
+    sessionReady: vi.fn(),
+    setRestoreEnabled: vi.fn(),
+    setTheme: vi.fn(),
+  };
+  const bridge = {
+    version: 1,
+    platform: 'win32',
+    menu: { setState: parts.setState, onCommand: (listener: (id: string) => void) => { command = listener; return () => {}; } },
+    shell: { openExternal: () => {}, setLanguages: parts.setLanguages },
+    windows: { sessionReady: parts.sessionReady, setRestoreEnabled: parts.setRestoreEnabled },
+    theme: { set: parts.setTheme, system: async () => ({ dark: false, highContrast: false }) },
+    lifecycle: { onFlushRequest: (handler: () => Promise<unknown>) => { flush = handler; return () => {}; } },
+  };
+  window.bulwarkDesktop = bridge as unknown as BulwarkDesktopBridge;
+  return { ...parts, run: (id: string) => act(() => command!(id)), flush: () => flush!() };
+}
+
+const original = useAuthStore.getState();
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  push.mockClear();
+  canPrint.mockReturnValue(true);
+  canDownload.mockReturnValue(true);
+  localStorage.clear();
+  resetDesktopPrefsCache();
+  useAuthStore.setState({ isAuthenticated: true, getAllConnectedClients: () => new Map() } as never);
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  cleanup();
+  window.bulwarkDesktop = undefined;
+  resetDesktopCommands();
+  useAuthStore.setState(original);
+  window.history.replaceState(null, '', '/');
+});
+
+describe('DesktopHost', () => {
+  it('does nothing in a browser', () => {
+    expect(() => render(<DesktopHost />)).not.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('runs a command from what\'s on the page first', () => {
+    const shell = fakeBridge();
+    render(<DesktopHost />);
+    const onPage = vi.fn();
+    registerDesktopSurface({ handlers: { 'go.inbox': onPage }, state: {} });
+    shell.run('go.inbox');
+    expect(onPage).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(push).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('with nothing there, the commands that work anywhere still do', () => {
+    const shell = fakeBridge();
+    render(<DesktopHost />);
+    shell.run('go.calendar');
+    expect(push).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith('/calendar');
+    shell.run('go.contacts');
+    expect(push).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith('/contacts');
+  });
+
+  it('a link to a folder goes through the router, encoded', () => {
+    const shell = fakeBridge();
+    render(<DesktopHost />);
+    shell.run('link.folder:sent');
+    expect(push).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith('/mail/folder/sent');
+  });
+
+  it('an unknown command does nothing', () => {
+    const shell = fakeBridge();
+    render(<DesktopHost />);
+    expect(() => shell.run('nonsense')).not.toThrow();
+    expect(push).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('tells the shell what the organisation allows', async () => {
+    canPrint.mockReturnValue(false);
+    canDownload.mockReturnValue(false);
+    const shell = fakeBridge();
+    render(<DesktopHost />);
+    await waitFor(() => expect(shell.setState).toHaveBeenCalled());
+    expect(shell.setState.mock.lastCall![0]).toMatchObject({ 'file.print': false, 'file.savePdf': false, 'policy.download': false });
+  });
+
+  it('signed in: it says so once, for windows from last time and waiting links', async () => {
+    const shell = fakeBridge();
+    render(<DesktopHost />);
+    await waitFor(() => expect(shell.sessionReady).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+  });
+
+  it('not signed in, or in a pop-out with a borrowed session: it doesn\'t', async () => {
+    const shell = fakeBridge();
+    useAuthStore.setState({ isAuthenticated: false } as never);
+    const first = render(<DesktopHost />);
+    await act(async () => {});
+    expect(shell.sessionReady).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    first.unmount();
+    useAuthStore.setState({ isAuthenticated: true } as never);
+    window.history.replaceState(null, '', '/popout/compose');
+    render(<DesktopHost />);
+    await act(async () => {});
+    expect(shell.sessionReady).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('passes the restore setting on', async () => {
+    const shell = fakeBridge();
+    render(<DesktopHost />);
+    await waitFor(() => expect(shell.setRestoreEnabled).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(true));
+    act(() => setDesktopPref('restoreWindows', false));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(shell.setRestoreEnabled).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(false));
+  });
+
+  it('says which languages are in use', async () => {
+    const shell = fakeBridge();
+    act(() => useLocaleStore.setState({ locale: 'de' }));
+    render(<DesktopHost />);
+    await waitFor(() => expect(shell.setLanguages).toHaveBeenCalled());
+    expect(shell.setLanguages.mock.lastCall![0]).toMatchObject({ ui: 'de' });
+  });
+
+  it('a quit is told how much mail is waiting', async () => {
+    const shell = fakeBridge();
+    render(<DesktopHost />);
+    act(() => useOfflineStore.setState({ outbox: [{ id: 1 }, { id: 2 }] } as never));
+    await expect(shell.flush()).resolves.toEqual({ unsent: 2 });
+    act(() => useOfflineStore.setState({ outbox: [] } as never));
+  });
+});
diff --git a/components/desktop/desktop-host.tsx b/components/desktop/desktop-host.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83c6722e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/components/desktop/desktop-host.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";
+import { useRouter } from "@/i18n/navigation";
+import { openKeyboardShortcuts, parkAppCommand, requestAppCommand, type AppCommand } from "@/lib/app-commands";
+import { getDesktopBridge } from "@/lib/desktop/bridge";
+import { runDesktopCommand, setDesktopBaseState } from "@/lib/desktop/commands";
+import { useDesktopPrefs } from "@/lib/desktop/preferences";
+import { applySystemAccent } from "@/lib/desktop/system-accent";
+import type { DesktopSystemTheme } from "@/lib/desktop/types";
+import { canDownloadAnywhere, canPrintAnywhere } from "@/lib/device-policy";
+import { useOfflineStore } from "@/lib/offline/state";
+import { openNewComposerWindow } from "@/lib/popout/open";
+import { isPopoutWindow } from "@/lib/popout/window-role";
+import { useAuthStore } from "@/stores/auth-store";
+import { useLocaleStore } from "@/stores/locale-store";
+import { usePolicyStore } from "@/stores/policy-store";
+import { useSettingsStore } from "@/stores/settings-store";
+import { useThemeStore } from "@/stores/theme-store";
+
+/**
+ * The webmail's side of what every desktop window needs: runs menu commands nothing
+ * else on the page took, tells the shell the language and the device policy, and
+ * says how much mail is waiting when the app quits. Renders nothing and does nothing
+ * in a browser, where there's no bridge.
+ */
+export function DesktopHost() {
+  const router = useRouter();
+  const routerRef = useRef(router);
+  routerRef.current = router;
+
+  const isAuthenticated = useAuthStore((s) => s.isAuthenticated);
+  const singleKeys = useSettingsStore((s) => s.singleKeyShortcuts);
+  const writingLanguage = useSettingsStore((s) => s.writingLanguage);
+  const uiLocale = useLocaleStore((s) => s.locale);
+  const policyLoaded = usePolicyStore((s) => s.loaded);
+  const accounts = useAuthStore((s) => s.getAllConnectedClients().size);
+  const { restoreWindows } = useDesktopPrefs();
+  const theme = useThemeStore((s) => s.theme);
+  const resolvedTheme = useThemeStore((s) => s.resolvedTheme);
+  const activeThemeId = useThemeStore((s) => s.activeThemeId);
+
+  // Commands no surface on the page answers: those work from anywhere in the app.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const menu = getDesktopBridge()?.menu;
+    if (!menu?.onCommand) return;
+    const toMail = (command: AppCommand) => {
+      if (requestAppCommand(command)) return;
+      parkAppCommand(command);
+      routerRef.current.push("/");
+    };
+    const fallback: Record<string, () => void> = {
+      "file.newMessage": () => {
+        if (isPopoutWindow()) openNewComposerWindow(useAuthStore.getState().activeAccountId);
+        else toMail("compose");
+      },
+      "edit.search": () => toMail("search"),
+      "go.inbox": () => routerRef.current.push("/"),
+      "go.mail": () => routerRef.current.push("/"),
+      "go.calendar": () => routerRef.current.push("/calendar"),
+      "go.contacts": () => routerRef.current.push("/contacts"),
+      "go.files": () => routerRef.current.push("/files"),
+      "help.shortcuts": () => openKeyboardShortcuts(),
+    };
+    return menu.onCommand((id) => {
+      // A bulwark:// link to a folder.
+      if (id.startsWith("link.folder:")) {
+        routerRef.current.push(`/mail/folder/${encodeURIComponent(id.slice("link.folder:".length))}`);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (!runDesktopCommand(id)) fallback[id]?.();
+    });
+  }, []);
+
+  // What's on offer anywhere, and what the organisation allows.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!getDesktopBridge()?.menu) return;
+    const canPrint = canPrintAnywhere();
+    const signedIn = isAuthenticated;
+    const popout = isPopoutWindow();
+    setDesktopBaseState({
+      "shortcuts.singleKeys": singleKeys,
+      "policy.download": canDownloadAnywhere(),
+      "file.print": canPrint,
+      "file.savePdf": canPrint,
+      "file.newMessage": signedIn,
+      "edit.search": signedIn && !popout,
+      "go.inbox": signedIn,
+      "go.mail": signedIn,
+      "go.calendar": signedIn,
+      "go.contacts": signedIn,
+      "go.files": signedIn,
+      "help.shortcuts": true,
+    });
+  }, [isAuthenticated, singleKeys, policyLoaded, accounts]);
+
+  // Menus and spellcheck follow the interface, and the composer's language too.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const shell = getDesktopBridge()?.shell;
+    if (!shell?.setLanguages) return;
+    const ui = uiLocale || document.documentElement.lang;
+    if (!ui) return;
+    const composer = writingLanguage && writingLanguage !== "auto" ? [writingLanguage] : [];
+    shell.setLanguages({ ui, composer });
+  }, [uiLocale, writingLanguage]);
+
+  // The windows' behaviour lives here, the shell only needs its copy.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    getDesktopBridge()?.windows?.setRestoreEnabled?.(restoreWindows);
+  }, [restoreWindows]);
+
+  // Signed in: this window has a session to lend, so pop-outs from last time can open.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!isAuthenticated || isPopoutWindow()) return;
+    getDesktopBridge()?.windows?.sessionReady?.();
+  }, [isAuthenticated]);
+
+  // A quit asks for this: mail that hasn't left is worth a question.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const lifecycle = getDesktopBridge()?.lifecycle;
+    if (!lifecycle || isPopoutWindow()) return;
+    return lifecycle.onFlushRequest(async () => ({ unsent: useOfflineStore.getState().outbox.length }));
+  }, []);
+
+  // The OS accent colour, while the theme follows the OS.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const bridge = getDesktopBridge()?.theme;
+    if (!bridge) return;
+    const followsSystem = theme === "system" && !activeThemeId;
+    const apply = (system: DesktopSystemTheme) => {
+      applySystemAccent({
+        accent: system.accent,
+        highContrast: system.highContrast,
+        dark: document.documentElement.classList.contains("dark"),
+        followsSystem,
+      });
+    };
+    let cancelled = false;
+    void bridge.system?.().then((system) => {
+      if (!cancelled) apply(system);
+    });
+    const stop = bridge.onSystemChange?.(apply);
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true;
+      stop?.();
+    };
+  }, [theme, resolvedTheme, activeThemeId]);
+
+  return null;
+}
diff --git a/components/email/__tests__/composer-close-guard.test.tsx b/components/email/__tests__/composer-close-guard.test.tsx
index 8ac5e5b82..9ef9370a7 100644
--- a/components/email/__tests__/composer-close-guard.test.tsx
+++ b/components/email/__tests__/composer-close-guard.test.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor, act, within } from '@testing-library/react';
-import { beforeEach, describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
 import React from 'react';
 import { EmailComposer } from '../email-composer';
 import { useAuthStore } from '@/stores/auth-store';
@@ -235,6 +235,39 @@ describe('composer close guard with a follow-up', () => {
     expect(afterClose).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
+  describe('in the desktop app', () => {
+    afterEach(() => {
+      window.bulwarkDesktop = undefined;
+    });
+
+    const nativeBridge = (answer: number) => {
+      const confirm = vi.fn(async () => answer);
+      window.bulwarkDesktop = { version: 1, platform: 'win32', dialogs: { confirm } } as never;
+      return confirm;
+    };
+
+    it('asks through the OS, and shows no dialog of its own', async () => {
+      const confirm = nativeBridge(2);
+      const { requestCloseRef, afterClose, onClose } = renderWithCloseRef();
+      act(() => requestCloseRef.current!(afterClose));
+      await waitFor(() => expect(confirm).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+      expect(confirm.mock.calls[0]).toMatchObject([{ message: 'close_draft_title', buttons: ['save', 'discard', 'cancel'], defaultId: 0 }]);
+      expect(screen.queryByText('close_draft_title')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+      // The last button is Cancel: nothing happens.
+      await act(async () => {});
+      expect(onClose).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(afterClose).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('Discard discards, and the follow-up runs', async () => {
+      nativeBridge(1);
+      const { requestCloseRef, afterClose, onClose } = renderWithCloseRef();
+      act(() => requestCloseRef.current!(afterClose));
+      await waitFor(() => expect(onClose).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+      await waitFor(() => expect(afterClose).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+    });
+  });
+
   it('runs the follow-up after discarding', async () => {
     const { requestCloseRef, afterClose, onClose } = renderWithCloseRef();
 
diff --git a/components/email/__tests__/reader-attachments.test.tsx b/components/email/__tests__/reader-attachments.test.tsx
index 8e0f1fae4..67c6913e7 100644
--- a/components/email/__tests__/reader-attachments.test.tsx
+++ b/components/email/__tests__/reader-attachments.test.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { fireEvent, render, screen, within } from '@testing-library/react';
-import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor, within } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { afterEach, describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
 import { ReaderAttachments, splitFileName, type ReaderAttachmentItem } from '../reader-attachments';
 
 // The reader's attachment bar: equal tiles that keep the extension in view,
@@ -24,6 +24,47 @@ function renderBar(attachments: ReaderAttachmentItem[], overrides: Partial<Param
   return props;
 }
 
+describe('the right-click menu in the desktop app', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    window.bulwarkDesktop = undefined;
+    cleanup();
+  });
+
+  const openMenu = async (popupAnswer: (items: { id?: string; label?: string }[]) => string | null, overrides: Partial<Parameters<typeof ReaderAttachments>[0]> = {}) => {
+    const popup = vi.fn(async (items: { id?: string; label?: string }[]) => popupAnswer(items));
+    window.bulwarkDesktop = { version: 1, platform: 'win32', menu: { setState: () => {}, popup } } as never;
+    const props = renderBar([file('1', 'report.pdf')], { onCopyFile: vi.fn(), ...overrides });
+    fireEvent.contextMenu(await screen.findByTestId('attachment'), { clientX: 5, clientY: 5 });
+    await waitFor(() => expect(popup).toHaveBeenCalled());
+    return { props, popup };
+  };
+
+  it('has Open, Save as and Copy, natively', async () => {
+    const { popup } = await openMenu(() => null);
+    expect(popup.mock.calls[0][0].map((item) => item.label)).toEqual(['open', 'save_as', 'copy']);
+  });
+
+  it.each([['open', 'onOpen'], ['save_as', 'onDownload'], ['copy', 'onCopyFile']] as const)('%s runs the action', async (label, handler) => {
+    const { props } = await openMenu((items) => items.find((item) => item.label === label)!.id!);
+    await waitFor(() => expect((props as unknown as Record<string, ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>>)[handler]).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+    expect((props as unknown as Record<string, ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>>)[handler].mock.calls[0][0]).toMatchObject({ id: '1' });
+  });
+
+  it('with downloads off there\'s nothing to save or copy', async () => {
+    const { popup } = await openMenu(() => null, { downloadsOff: true, opensPreview: () => true });
+    expect(popup.mock.calls[0][0].map((item) => item.label)).toEqual(['open']);
+  });
+
+  it('a browser keeps its own menu', async () => {
+    window.bulwarkDesktop = undefined;
+    renderBar([file('1', 'report.pdf')], { onCopyFile: vi.fn() });
+    const event = fireEvent.contextMenu(await screen.findByTestId('attachment'));
+    // Not prevented: the browser's menu shows, and no HTML one opens.
+    expect(event).toBe(true);
+    expect(screen.queryByRole('menu')).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
 describe('splitFileName', () => {
   it('splits off a short extension', () => {
     expect(splitFileName('prototype-v3.png')).toEqual(['prototype-v3', '.png']);
diff --git a/components/email/email-composer.tsx b/components/email/email-composer.tsx
index 44a474b99..67be255df 100644
--- a/components/email/email-composer.tsx
+++ b/components/email/email-composer.tsx
@@ -169,6 +169,8 @@ import { htmlToPlainText as htmlToPlainTextShared } from "@/lib/html-to-text";
 import { fileStorage } from "@/lib/plugin-storage";
 import { usePolicyStore } from "@/stores/policy-store";
 import { registerComposeFlush } from "@/lib/compose-flush-registry";
+import { getDesktopBridge } from "@/lib/desktop/bridge";
+import { noteOpenDraft } from "@/lib/desktop/window-restore";
 import type { RescuedDraft } from "@/lib/popout/channel";
 import { toUnicodeEmail } from "@/lib/idn";
 
@@ -1943,6 +1945,14 @@ export function EmailComposer({
   // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
   }, []);
 
+  // A composer that comes back with the app: a draft it opened on counts from the start.
+  // Gone with the composer: sent, discarded or closed.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (draftIdRef.current) noteOpenDraft(effectiveSessionKey, { draftId: draftIdRef.current, localAccountId: draftLocalAccountIdRef.current, ownerAccountId: draftAccountIdRef.current });
+    return () => noteOpenDraft(effectiveSessionKey, null);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+  }, [effectiveSessionKey]);
+
   // Auto-save draft to server on page close (best-effort)
   const ownWindowRef = useRef(ownWindow);
   ownWindowRef.current = ownWindow;
@@ -3017,6 +3027,8 @@ export function EmailComposer({
       draftIdRef.current = savedDraftId;
       draftAccountIdRef.current = draftAccountId;
       draftLocalAccountIdRef.current = savingLogin;
+      // Before a save's promise settles: quitting waits for it, then keeps this list.
+      noteOpenDraft(effectiveSessionKey, { draftId: savedDraftId, localAccountId: savingLogin, ownerAccountId: draftAccountId });
       setDraftId(savedDraftId);
       setDraftAccountId(draftAccountId);
       setDraftLocalAccountId(savingLogin);
@@ -4433,6 +4445,29 @@ export function EmailComposer({
     emitClose();
   };
 
+  /** The question before closing or discarding: the OS's own in the desktop app. */
+  const openCloseDialog = (kind: 'discard' | 'close') => {
+    const dialogs = getDesktopBridge()?.dialogs;
+    if (!dialogs) {
+      setCloseDialogKind(kind);
+      setShowCloseDialog(true);
+      return;
+    }
+    const discarding = kind === 'discard';
+    const buttons = discarding ? [t('discard'), t('cancel')] : [tCommon('save'), t('discard'), t('cancel')];
+    void dialogs.confirm({
+      type: 'warning',
+      message: discarding ? t('discard_draft_title') : t('close_draft_title'),
+      detail: discarding ? t('discard_draft_message') : t('close_draft_message'),
+      buttons,
+      defaultId: discarding ? 1 : 0,
+    }).then((choice) => {
+      if (buttons[choice] === t('discard')) handleDiscardAndClose();
+      else if (!discarding && choice === 0) void handleSaveDraftAndClose();
+      else afterCloseRef.current = null;
+    });
+  };
+
   // Discard deletes the draft, also one that has no unsaved changes, such as
   // a scheduled message reopened with "Cancel and edit". It used to share the
   // X button's path, which closed such a composer and kept the draft.
@@ -4444,8 +4479,7 @@ export function EmailComposer({
       return;
     }
     afterCloseRef.current = null;
-    setCloseDialogKind('discard');
-    setShowCloseDialog(true);
+    openCloseDialog('discard');
   };
 
   const handleClose = (afterClose?: () => void) => {
@@ -4457,8 +4491,7 @@ export function EmailComposer({
       && !saveFailedRef.current
       && !attachmentsRef.current.some(att => att.uploading || att.error);
     if (isDirtyRef.current && !savedAlready) {
-      setCloseDialogKind('close');
-      setShowCloseDialog(true);
+      openCloseDialog('close');
     } else {
       cleanClose();
     }
diff --git a/components/email/email-viewer.tsx b/components/email/email-viewer.tsx
index e75a260ca..cd85eacd2 100644
--- a/components/email/email-viewer.tsx
+++ b/components/email/email-viewer.tsx
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ import { requestInternalMailto } from "@/lib/protocol-handlers/mailto";
 import { imageBlobUrl, inertBlobType, isFilePreviewable, isMimeTypeSafeForInlinePreview, toInertBlob } from "@/lib/file-preview";
 import { openPreviewInNewWindow } from "@/lib/standalone-display";
 import { downloadAllowed, saveBlobAs } from "@/lib/download-guard";
+import { getDesktopBridge } from "@/lib/desktop/bridge";
 import { canPickFolder, createUniqueNamer, isPickerCancelled, pickFolder, saveFilesToFolder, type FolderHandle } from "@/lib/attachments/save-to-folder";
 import { useDevicePolicy } from "@/hooks/use-device-policy";
 import { Watermark, useWatermarkText } from "@/components/device/watermark";
@@ -3109,6 +3110,8 @@ export function EmailViewer({
 
   // What the attachment bar and the attachment cards share.
   const attachmentCardsRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const desktopClipboard = getDesktopBridge()?.clipboard;
+  const tDesktopUi = useTranslations('desktopUi.attachment');
   const readerAttachmentProps = {
     attachments: effectiveAttachments,
     thumbUrls: imageThumbUrls,
@@ -3117,6 +3120,13 @@ export function EmailViewer({
     onDownload: handleEffectiveAttachmentDownload,
     onDownloadAll: handleDownloadAllAttachments,
     onSaveAllToFolder: canPickFolder() ? () => void handleSaveAllToFolder() : undefined,
+    onCopyFile: desktopClipboard && blobClient ? (attachment: EffectiveAttachment) => {
+      if (!attachment.blobId || !downloadAllowed('attachment', email)) return;
+      void blobClient.fetchBlobArrayBuffer(attachment.blobId, undefined, undefined, blobAccountId)
+        .then((data) => desktopClipboard.copyFile(resolveAttachmentName(attachment), data))
+        .then((copied) => { if (!copied) toast.error(tDesktopUi('copy_failed')); })
+        .catch(() => toast.error(tDesktopUi('copy_failed')));
+    } : undefined,
     downloadingAll: isDownloadingAll,
     downloadsOff,
     // Save to Files would get around the policy: Files downloads are off too, but the copy would stay.
diff --git a/components/email/reader-attachments.tsx b/components/email/reader-attachments.tsx
index 0e3aa1fbd..d04e16c09 100644
--- a/components/email/reader-attachments.tsx
+++ b/components/email/reader-attachments.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 "use client";
 
-import { useState, type DragEvent, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useEffect, useState, type DragEvent, type ReactNode } from "react";
 import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
 import { ChevronDown, ChevronUp, Download, FolderInput, Loader2, Paperclip } from "@/components/icons";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { ContextMenu, ContextMenuItem } from "@/components/ui/context-menu";
+import { useContextMenu } from "@/hooks/use-context-menu";
+import { nativeMenusAvailable } from "@/lib/desktop/native-menu";
 import { IconButton } from "@/components/ui/icon-button";
 import { getAttachmentDisplayName } from "@/lib/attachment-name";
 import { cn, formatFileSize } from "@/lib/utils";
@@ -47,6 +50,11 @@ interface ReaderAttachmentsProps<T extends ReaderAttachmentItem> {
   layout?: ReaderAttachmentLayout;
   /** Object URLs of image attachments, keyed by attachment id. */
   thumbUrls: Record<string, string>;
+  /**
+   * Copies the file to the clipboard. Comes with the right-click menu the desktop app
+   * has on an attachment; a browser has its own menu there and never gets this one.
+   */
+  onCopyFile?: (attachment: T) => void;
   /** Whether a click on the attachment previews it instead of downloading it. */
   opensPreview: (attachment: T) => boolean;
   onOpen: (attachment: T) => void;
@@ -94,6 +102,7 @@ export function ReaderAttachments<T extends ReaderAttachmentItem>({
   onDownload,
   onDownloadAll,
   onSaveAllToFolder,
+  onCopyFile,
   downloadingAll,
   downloadsOff = false,
   onSaveToFiles,
@@ -105,6 +114,11 @@ export function ReaderAttachments<T extends ReaderAttachmentItem>({
   const tFiles = useTranslations("files");
   const tDevice = useTranslations("device_policy");
   const tWindows = useTranslations("pwaWindows");
+  const tDesktop = useTranslations("desktopUi.attachment");
+  const menu = useContextMenu<T>();
+  const [desktopMenu, setDesktopMenu] = useState(false);
+  useEffect(() => setDesktopMenu(nativeMenusAvailable()), []);
+  const menuTarget = menu.contextMenu.data;
   // Opens nothing: no preview, and downloads are off.
   const locked = (attachment: T) => downloadsOff && !opensPreview(attachment);
   const openLabel = (attachment: T, name: string) =>
@@ -292,7 +306,7 @@ export function ReaderAttachments<T extends ReaderAttachmentItem>({
         layout === "cards" ? "grid-cols-[repeat(auto-fill,minmax(10rem,1fr))] gap-3" : "grid-cols-[repeat(auto-fill,minmax(15rem,1fr))] gap-2",
       )}>
         {shown.map((attachment) => (
-          <div key={attachment.id} className="flex min-w-0 flex-col gap-1">
+          <div key={attachment.id} className="flex min-w-0 flex-col gap-1" onContextMenu={desktopMenu ? (event) => menu.openContextMenu(event, attachment) : undefined}>
             {renderItem
               ? renderItem(attachment, (drag) => draw(attachment, drag))
               : draw(attachment, NO_DRAG)}
@@ -324,6 +338,19 @@ export function ReaderAttachments<T extends ReaderAttachmentItem>({
           </button>
         )}
       </div>
+      {desktopMenu && menuTarget && (
+        <ContextMenu ref={menu.menuRef} isOpen={menu.contextMenu.isOpen} position={menu.contextMenu.position} onClose={menu.closeContextMenu}>
+          {!locked(menuTarget) && (
+            <ContextMenuItem label={tDesktop("open")} onClick={() => { menu.closeContextMenu(); onOpen(menuTarget); }} />
+          )}
+          {!downloadsOff && (
+            <ContextMenuItem label={tDesktop("save_as")} onClick={() => { menu.closeContextMenu(); onDownload(menuTarget); }} />
+          )}
+          {!downloadsOff && onCopyFile && (
+            <ContextMenuItem label={tDesktop("copy")} onClick={() => { menu.closeContextMenu(); onCopyFile(menuTarget); }} />
+          )}
+        </ContextMenu>
+      )}
     </section>
   );
 }
diff --git a/components/layout/window-title-bar.tsx b/components/layout/window-title-bar.tsx
index 7f4e306fa..c2fd2ce84 100644
--- a/components/layout/window-title-bar.tsx
+++ b/components/layout/window-title-bar.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 "use client";
 
-import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { getDesktopBridge } from "@/lib/desktop/bridge";
+import type { DesktopMenuBarEntry } from "@/lib/desktop/types";
 import { applyTitlebarInset, watchTitlebarArea, type TitlebarArea } from "@/lib/window-controls-overlay";
 
 /**
@@ -12,10 +14,52 @@ import { applyTitlebarInset, watchTitlebarArea, type TitlebarArea } from "@/lib/
  * Renders nothing, and changes nothing on the page, without an overlay. It
  * repeats the title for sighted users only, so it stays out of the
  * accessibility tree and out of the tab order.
+ *
+ * In the desktop app on Windows, Alt swaps the title for the menu's names, since a
+ * window without a native frame has no native bar. Each name opens the app's menu
+ * as a native one (src/main/menu.ts in the desktop repo).
  */
 export function WindowTitleBar() {
   const [area, setArea] = useState<TitlebarArea | null>(null);
   const [title, setTitle] = useState("");
+  const [entries, setEntries] = useState<DesktopMenuBarEntry[] | null>(null);
+  const stripRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const previousFocus = useRef<HTMLElement | null>(null);
+  // What to do once the names are on screen: open that menu, or null to focus the first name.
+  const afterShow = useRef<string | null | undefined>(undefined);
+
+  const openMenu = useCallback((id: string) => {
+    const button = stripRef.current?.querySelector<HTMLElement>(`[data-menu-id="${CSS.escape(id)}"]`);
+    if (!button) return;
+    const rect = button.getBoundingClientRect();
+    getDesktopBridge()?.menu?.bar?.open(id, { x: rect.left, y: rect.bottom });
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const bar = getDesktopBridge()?.menu?.bar;
+    if (!bar) return;
+    return bar.onEvent((event) => {
+      if (!event.visible) {
+        setEntries(null);
+        previousFocus.current?.focus?.();
+        previousFocus.current = null;
+        return;
+      }
+      void bar.entries().then((list) => {
+        previousFocus.current ??= document.activeElement instanceof HTMLElement ? document.activeElement : null;
+        afterShow.current = event.open ?? null;
+        setEntries(list);
+      });
+    });
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const next = afterShow.current;
+    if (!entries || next === undefined) return;
+    afterShow.current = undefined;
+    if (next) openMenu(next);
+    else stripRef.current?.querySelector<HTMLElement>("button")?.focus();
+  }, [entries, openMenu]);
 
   useEffect(() => watchTitlebarArea((next) => {
     applyTitlebarInset(next);
@@ -35,6 +79,52 @@ export function WindowTitleBar() {
 
   if (!area) return null;
 
+  const onStripKey = (event: React.KeyboardEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
+    const buttons = Array.from(stripRef.current?.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>("button") ?? []);
+    const at = buttons.indexOf(document.activeElement as HTMLElement);
+    if (event.key === "ArrowRight" || event.key === "ArrowLeft") {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      const delta = event.key === "ArrowRight" ? 1 : -1;
+      buttons[(at + delta + buttons.length) % buttons.length]?.focus();
+    } else if (event.key === "ArrowDown") {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      buttons[at]?.click();
+    } else if (event.key === "Escape") {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      setEntries(null);
+      previousFocus.current?.focus?.();
+      previousFocus.current = null;
+    }
+  };
+
+  if (entries) {
+    return (
+      <div
+        ref={stripRef}
+        role="menubar"
+        data-window-title-bar=""
+        data-window-menu-bar=""
+        onKeyDown={onStripKey}
+        className="window-title-bar fixed z-[100002] flex items-center gap-0.5 bg-background ps-1 pe-3 text-xs text-foreground select-none"
+        style={{ top: area.y, left: area.x, width: area.width, height: area.height }}
+      >
+        {entries.map((entry) => (
+          <button
+            key={entry.id}
+            type="button"
+            role="menuitem"
+            aria-haspopup="menu"
+            data-menu-id={entry.id}
+            onClick={() => openMenu(entry.id)}
+            className="window-title-bar-item rounded px-2 py-1 hover:bg-muted focus-visible:bg-muted focus-visible:outline-none"
+          >
+            {entry.label}
+          </button>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
   return (
     <div
       aria-hidden="true"
diff --git a/components/mail/mail-app.tsx b/components/mail/mail-app.tsx
index a87fb51aa..b4bd25746 100644
--- a/components/mail/mail-app.tsx
+++ b/components/mail/mail-app.tsx
@@ -63,6 +63,10 @@ import { useDeviceDetection } from "@/hooks/use-media-query";
 import { usePaneSize } from "@/hooks/use-pane-size";
 import { usePaneId } from "@/hooks/use-pane-context";
 import { useKeyboardShortcuts, type GoToMailboxTarget } from "@/hooks/use-keyboard-shortcuts";
+import { useDesktopCommands } from "@/lib/desktop/commands";
+import { useDesktopPrefs } from "@/lib/desktop/preferences";
+import { hasDesktopWindows } from "@/lib/popout/support";
+import { composerDataFromDraft } from "@/lib/draft-composer-data";
 import { useUndoShortcut } from "@/hooks/use-undo-shortcut";
 import { confirmMailRemoval } from "@/lib/mail-removal-confirm";
 import { findNextUnreadIndex } from "@/lib/next-unread-email";
@@ -1216,6 +1220,7 @@ export function MailApp({ linkSegments: routeSegments }: MailAppProps = {}) {
   // Mountain View keeps the ticked rows while a message is read (#1231). The
   // shortcuts then act on the message on screen, as its toolbar does, and
   // reach the selection again back in the list.
+  const openEmailInWindow = useOpenEmailInWindow();
   const shortcutsTargetSelection = selectedEmailKeys.size > 0 && !(mvShell && !cursorOnly && selectedEmail);
   const singleKeyShortcuts = useSettingsStore((s) => s.singleKeyShortcuts);
   useKeyboardShortcuts({
@@ -1259,6 +1264,59 @@ export function MailApp({ linkSegments: routeSegments }: MailAppProps = {}) {
     },
   }, isAuthenticated && !!client);
 
+  // The desktop app's menu bar: the same handlers as the keys, and what's enabled
+  // from what's on screen (lib/desktop/commands.ts).
+  const desktopTarget = !showComposer && (!!selectedEmail || selectedEmailKeys.size > 0);
+  const desktopSingle = !showComposer && !!selectedEmail;
+  const mailLayoutSetting = useSettingsStore((s) => s.mailLayout);
+  const layoutFixed = interfaceLayout === 'mountain-view';
+  useDesktopCommands({
+    'file.newMessage': keyboardHandlers.onCompose,
+    'edit.search': keyboardHandlers.onFocusSearch,
+    'view.refresh': () => void handleManualRefresh(),
+    'view.layout.split': () => useSettingsStore.getState().updateSetting('mailLayout', 'split'),
+    'view.layout.horizontal': () => useSettingsStore.getState().updateSetting('mailLayout', 'horizontal'),
+    'view.layout.focus': () => useSettingsStore.getState().updateSetting('mailLayout', 'focus'),
+    'message.reply': keyboardHandlers.onReply,
+    'message.replyAll': keyboardHandlers.onReplyAll,
+    'message.forward': keyboardHandlers.onForward,
+    'message.markRead': () => void keyboardHandlers.onMarkAsRead?.(),
+    'message.markUnread': () => void keyboardHandlers.onMarkAsUnread?.(),
+    'message.star': () => void keyboardHandlers.onToggleStar?.(),
+    'message.move': () => { if (selectedEmail) setMoveDialogEmail(selectedEmail); },
+    'message.archive': keyboardHandlers.onArchive ? () => void keyboardHandlers.onArchive?.() : undefined,
+    'message.spam': () => void keyboardHandlers.onToggleSpam?.(),
+    'message.delete': () => void keyboardHandlers.onDelete?.(),
+    'message.openWindow': () => { if (selectedEmail) openEmailInWindow?.(selectedEmail); },
+    'go.inbox': () => keyboardHandlers.onGoToMailbox('inbox'),
+    'go.sent': () => keyboardHandlers.onGoToMailbox('sent'),
+    'go.drafts': () => keyboardHandlers.onGoToMailbox('drafts'),
+    'go.nextMessage': keyboardHandlers.onNextEmail,
+    'go.previousMessage': keyboardHandlers.onPreviousEmail,
+    'go.nextUnread': keyboardHandlers.onNextUnread,
+  }, {
+    'view.refresh': true,
+    'view.layout.split': { enabled: !layoutFixed, checked: mailLayoutSetting === 'split' },
+    'view.layout.horizontal': { enabled: !layoutFixed, checked: mailLayoutSetting === 'horizontal' },
+    'view.layout.focus': { enabled: !layoutFixed, checked: mailLayoutSetting === 'focus' },
+    'message.reply': desktopSingle,
+    'message.replyAll': desktopSingle,
+    'message.forward': desktopSingle,
+    'message.markRead': desktopTarget && !(selectedEmail && selectedEmailKeys.size === 0 && selectedEmail.keywords?.$seen),
+    'message.markUnread': desktopTarget && !(selectedEmail && selectedEmailKeys.size === 0 && !selectedEmail.keywords?.$seen),
+    'message.star': desktopSingle,
+    'message.move': desktopSingle,
+    'message.archive': desktopTarget && archiveActionEnabled,
+    'message.spam': desktopTarget,
+    'message.delete': desktopTarget,
+    'message.openWindow': desktopSingle && !!openEmailInWindow,
+    'go.sent': true,
+    'go.drafts': true,
+    'go.nextMessage': !showComposer,
+    'go.previousMessage': !showComposer,
+    'go.nextUnread': !showComposer,
+  }, isAuthenticated && !isEmbedded);
+
   // Shared mail refresh: re-fetch mailboxes (unread counts) + the active list
   // via JMAP. Used by both the browser refresh gestures and the toolbar button.
   const [isManualRefreshing, setIsManualRefreshing] = useState(false);
@@ -2266,7 +2324,7 @@ export function MailApp({ linkSegments: routeSegments }: MailAppProps = {}) {
   const composerSource = usePinnedPerSession(composerSessionId, selectedEmail ? emailWriteSource(selectedEmail, client) : undefined);
 
   const popoutsOn = usePopoutsAvailable();
-  const openEmailInWindow = useOpenEmailInWindow();
+  const desktopDoubleClick = useDesktopPrefs().openOnDoubleClick && hasDesktopWindows() && !isMobile && !!openEmailInWindow;
   // Text from a closing pop-out that couldn't be saved: the "Continue draft"
   // slot, once it is free.
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -2604,17 +2662,12 @@ export function MailApp({ linkSegments: routeSegments }: MailAppProps = {}) {
 
     draft = await emailHooks.onBeforeEditDraft.transform(draft);
 
-    const { body: draftBody, bodyText, plainTextMode: draftPlainTextMode } = getDraftComposerBody(draft);
+    const { bodyText } = getDraftComposerBody(draft);
 
-    // Restore the identity the draft was composed with. Match the saved From
-    // (name + address) against the same list the composer renders — the flat
-    // cross-account list when multi-account is on — so a draft from a non-active
-    // account, or one of two identities sharing an address, is restored rather
-    // than reset to the default.
+    // The list the composer renders: the flat cross-account one when multi-account is on.
     const composerIdentities = multiAccountIdentities.enabled
       ? multiAccountIdentities.allIdentities
       : identities;
-    const matchedIdentityId = findDraftIdentityIdForLogin(composerIdentities, draft.from?.[0], localAccountId);
 
     const draftRecipients = (list: typeof draft.to) => (list ?? []).map(a => a.email).filter(Boolean);
     if (!(await withComposeGate('compose', {
@@ -2627,46 +2680,12 @@ export function MailApp({ linkSegments: routeSegments }: MailAppProps = {}) {
     // Increment session ID to force the composer to remount with fresh state,
     // even if it was already open (e.g. right-clicking a draft while composing).
     setComposerSessionId(id => id + 1);
-    setPendingDraft({
-      to: draft.to?.map(a => a.email).filter(Boolean).join(', ') || '',
-      cc: draft.cc?.map(a => a.email).filter(Boolean).join(', ') || '',
-      bcc: draft.bcc?.map(a => a.email).filter(Boolean).join(', ') || '',
-      // Drafts saved before #1189 stored an empty subject as the composer's
-      // "(No Subject)" placeholder; reopen those with an empty field.
-      subject: draft.subject && draft.subject !== t('email_composer.no_subject') ? draft.subject : '',
-      body: draftBody,
-      // Re-open in the format the draft was written in (#1022).
-      plainTextMode: draftPlainTextMode,
-      showCc: (draft.cc?.length || 0) > 0,
-      showBcc: (draft.bcc?.length || 0) > 0,
-      selectedIdentityId: matchedIdentityId,
-      subAddressTag: '',
-      mode: 'compose',
-      draftId: draft.id,
-      draftAccountId: accountId,
-      draftLocalAccountId: localAccountId,
-      // A reply draft re-opens in compose mode; its threading headers must
-      // come along or the reply leaves its thread.
-      inReplyTo: draft.inReplyTo ?? undefined,
-      references: draft.references ?? undefined,
-      priority: messagePriorityFromHeaders(draft.headers),
-      // A sent message brought back (Undo, Cancel and edit) has no draft
-      // marker: its SIO-Label says which label it went out with.
-      classification: reopenedLabelChoice(draft.headers, localAccountId),
-      // Existing server-side attachments must ride along, or the composer
-      // starts empty and the next save/send silently rebuilds the draft
-      // without them (#849).
-      attachments: (draft.attachments ?? [])
-        .filter(a => !!a.blobId)
-        .map(a => ({
-          blobId: a.blobId,
-          name: a.name,
-          type: a.type,
-          size: a.size,
-          cid: a.cid,
-          disposition: a.disposition,
-        })),
-    });
+    setPendingDraft(composerDataFromDraft(draft, {
+      accountId,
+      localAccountId,
+      identities: composerIdentities,
+      noSubject: t('email_composer.no_subject'),
+    }));
     setComposerMode('compose');
     setShowComposer(true);
     if (isMobile) setActiveView('viewer');
@@ -5539,7 +5558,11 @@ export function MailApp({ linkSegments: routeSegments }: MailAppProps = {}) {
                 onEmailSelect={handleEmailSelect}
                 onOpenSearchResult={handleEmailSelect}
                 onEmailPrefetch={handleEmailPrefetch}
-                onEmailDoubleClick={isEmbedded ? ((email) => {
+                onEmailDoubleClick={!isEmbedded ? (desktopDoubleClick ? (email) => {
+                  // A draft goes back in the composer, as it does from a single click.
+                  if (email.keywords?.$draft) void handleEditDraft(email);
+                  else openEmailInWindow?.(email);
+                } : undefined) : ((email) => {
                   const store = useProTabStore.getState();
                   const hasSplit = store.tabs.some((tab) => tab.paneId === 'split');
                   // In a split, open on the *other* side so this list stays
@@ -5570,7 +5593,7 @@ export function MailApp({ linkSegments: routeSegments }: MailAppProps = {}) {
                     mailboxId: selectedMailbox,
                     title: email.subject?.trim() || t('email_composer.new_message'),
                   }, { pane: targetPane, reuseReader: hasSplit });
-                }) : undefined}
+                })}
                 onOpenConversation={handleOpenConversation}
                 // Context menu handlers
                 onReply={(email) => {
diff --git a/components/popout/__tests__/popout-compose-app.test.tsx b/components/popout/__tests__/popout-compose-app.test.tsx
index 3ff5cf883..2a02faf0f 100644
--- a/components/popout/__tests__/popout-compose-app.test.tsx
+++ b/components/popout/__tests__/popout-compose-app.test.tsx
@@ -67,6 +67,51 @@ function openAt(handoffId: string) {
   render(<PopoutComposeApp />);
 }
 
+describe('a composer coming back on its draft', () => {
+  const closeSelf = vi.fn();
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    closeSelf.mockClear();
+    window.bulwarkDesktop = { version: 1, platform: 'win32', windows: { closeSelf } } as never;
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    window.bulwarkDesktop = undefined;
+  });
+
+  const draft = {
+    id: 'd1', subject: 'Half-written', to: [{ email: 'a@example.org' }], cc: [], bcc: [], from: [{ email: 'me@example.org' }],
+    bodyValues: { t: { value: 'Text' } }, textBody: [{ partId: 't', type: 'text/plain' }], htmlBody: [], attachments: [{ blobId: 'b1', name: 'a.pdf', type: 'application/pdf', size: 3 }],
+  };
+
+  const openDraft = (getEmail: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>, search = 'draft=d1&account=alice&owner=group') => {
+    useAuthStore.setState({ client: { getEmail } as never, getClientForAccount: () => undefined } as never);
+    window.history.replaceState(null, '', `/en/popout/compose?${search}`);
+    render(<PopoutComposeApp />);
+  };
+
+  it('reads the draft from where it lives, and opens the composer on it, id and all', async () => {
+    const getEmail = vi.fn(async () => draft);
+    openDraft(getEmail);
+    await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByTestId('composer').textContent).toBe('Half-written'));
+    expect(getEmail).toHaveBeenCalledWith('d1', 'group');
+    // Saving goes over this draft, not next to it, and its files stay.
+    expect(composer?.initialData).toMatchObject({ draftId: 'd1', draftAccountId: 'group', draftLocalAccountId: 'alice', to: 'a@example.org' });
+    expect((composer?.initialData as unknown as { attachments: unknown[] }).attachments).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it('a draft that has gone since (sent elsewhere) closes the window', async () => {
+    openDraft(vi.fn(async () => null));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(closeSelf).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+    expect(screen.queryByTestId('composer')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('a server that doesn\'t answer closes it too: the draft is safe on the server', async () => {
+    openDraft(vi.fn(async () => { throw new Error('offline'); }));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(closeSelf).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+  });
+});
+
 describe('PopoutComposeApp', () => {
   it('tells the opening window to let go only with the composer on screen', async () => {
     const handoff = createComposeHandoff()!;
diff --git a/components/popout/popout-compose-app.tsx b/components/popout/popout-compose-app.tsx
index 6f0bebeff..7aaa4f709 100644
--- a/components/popout/popout-compose-app.tsx
+++ b/components/popout/popout-compose-app.tsx
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ import { announceMailChanged, announceSentToMainWindow, askRescuedDraftId, watch
 import { acknowledgeComposeHandoff, receiveComposeHandoff, rememberComposePayload, rememberedComposePayload, watchHandoffCancel } from "@/lib/popout/compose-handoff";
 import type { ComposePopoutPayload } from "@/lib/popout/compose-payload";
 import { closePopoutWindow } from "@/lib/popout/window-role";
+import { composerDataFromDraft } from "@/lib/draft-composer-data";
+import { useIdentityStore } from "@/stores/identity-store";
 import { PopoutShell, PopoutSkeleton } from "./popout-shell";
 
 /** A warning with no main window left to show it stays this long before the window goes. */
@@ -31,10 +33,60 @@ const EMPTY_PAYLOAD: ComposePopoutPayload = { mode: "compose" };
 /** How long a reloaded window waits to hear what became of the text it handed over on the way out. */
 const RESCUE_ANSWER_MS = 2000;
 
-function readLaunch(): { handoffId: string | null; accountId?: string } {
+function readLaunch(): { handoffId: string | null; accountId?: string; draftId?: string; ownerAccountId?: string } {
   if (typeof window === "undefined") return { handoffId: null };
   const search = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
-  return { handoffId: search.get("handoff"), accountId: search.get("account") ?? undefined };
+  return {
+    handoffId: search.get("handoff"),
+    accountId: search.get("account") ?? undefined,
+    draftId: search.get("draft") ?? undefined,
+    ownerAccountId: search.get("owner") ?? undefined,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The composer that was open when the desktop app quit, back on its draft. A draft
+ * that has gone since (sent or deleted elsewhere) means there's nothing to show.
+ */
+function RestoredDraft({ draftId, accountId, ownerAccountId, onReady }: {
+  draftId: string;
+  accountId?: string;
+  ownerAccountId?: string;
+  onReady: (payload: ComposePopoutPayload) => void;
+}) {
+  const t = useTranslations();
+  const tWindows = useTranslations("pwaWindows");
+  const client = useAuthStore((s) => (accountId ? s.getClientForAccount(accountId) : undefined) ?? s.client);
+  const identities = useIdentityStore((s) => s.identities);
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!client) return;
+    let cancelled = false;
+    void client.getEmail(draftId, ownerAccountId).then((draft) => {
+      if (cancelled) return;
+      if (!draft) {
+        closePopoutWindow();
+        return;
+      }
+      onReady({
+        mode: "compose",
+        initialData: composerDataFromDraft(draft, {
+          accountId: ownerAccountId,
+          localAccountId: accountId,
+          identities,
+          noSubject: t("email_composer.no_subject"),
+        }),
+      });
+    }).catch((error) => {
+      debug.error("Failed to reopen a draft:", error);
+      if (!cancelled) closePopoutWindow();
+    });
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true;
+    };
+    // Once per client: the draft doesn't change under a window still opening.
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+  }, [client, draftId, ownerAccountId]);
+  return <PopoutSkeleton label={tWindows("opening")} />;
 }
 
 /** The composer alone, in its own window: sending, autosave and discard go through the shared stores, as in a Pro tab. */
@@ -181,8 +233,8 @@ function PopoutComposer({ payload, handoffId }: { payload: ComposePopoutPayload;
 /** `/popout/compose`: a draft handed over by another window, or a new message. */
 export function PopoutComposeApp() {
   const t = useTranslations("pwaWindows");
-  const [{ handoffId, accountId }] = useState(readLaunch);
-  const [payload, setPayload] = useState<ComposePopoutPayload | null>(handoffId ? null : EMPTY_PAYLOAD);
+  const [{ handoffId, accountId, draftId, ownerAccountId }] = useState(readLaunch);
+  const [payload, setPayload] = useState<ComposePopoutPayload | null>(handoffId || draftId ? null : EMPTY_PAYLOAD);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!handoffId) return;
@@ -216,7 +268,9 @@ export function PopoutComposeApp() {
 
   return (
     <PopoutShell kind="compose" accountId={accountId}>
-      {payload ? <PopoutComposer payload={payload} handoffId={handoffId} /> : <PopoutSkeleton label={t("opening")} />}
+      {payload ? <PopoutComposer payload={payload} handoffId={handoffId} />
+        : draftId ? <RestoredDraft draftId={draftId} accountId={accountId} ownerAccountId={ownerAccountId} onReady={setPayload} />
+        : <PopoutSkeleton label={t("opening")} />}
     </PopoutShell>
   );
 }
diff --git a/components/popout/popout-spare-app.tsx b/components/popout/popout-spare-app.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..26f67104e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/components/popout/popout-spare-app.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { getDesktopBridge } from "@/lib/desktop/bridge";
+import { withBasePath } from "@/lib/browser-navigation";
+import { PopoutComposeApp } from "./popout-compose-app";
+import { PopoutMessageApp } from "./popout-message-app";
+
+/** The message id a pop-out address names. */
+function messageIdOf(pathname: string): string {
+  const segments = pathname.split("/").filter(Boolean);
+  const at = segments.lastIndexOf("message");
+  return at >= 0 && segments[at + 1] ? decodeURIComponent(segments[at + 1]) : "";
+}
+
+/**
+ * The desktop app's warm spare: a hidden window with the pop-out code loaded and
+ * nothing signed in. When a pop-out is wanted the shell gives it an address. The
+ * address bar changes without a load, which is where the pop-outs read their
+ * arguments from, and the right one renders in a window that's already up.
+ */
+export function PopoutSpareApp() {
+  const [target, setTarget] = useState<URL | null>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const spare = getDesktopBridge()?.windows?.spare;
+    if (!spare) {
+      // Someone typed the address, or a browser followed a link.
+      window.location.replace(withBasePath("/"));
+      return;
+    }
+    const stop = spare.onActivate((url) => {
+      const next = new URL(url, window.location.href);
+      window.history.replaceState(null, "", `${next.pathname}${next.search}`);
+      setTarget(next);
+      spare.taken();
+    });
+    spare.ready();
+    return stop;
+  }, []);
+
+  if (!target) return <div data-popout-spare="" className="h-dvh bg-background" />;
+  if (/\/popout\/compose\/?$/.test(target.pathname)) return <PopoutComposeApp />;
+  return <PopoutMessageApp id={messageIdOf(target.pathname)} />;
+}
diff --git a/components/pro/pro-email-tab-body.tsx b/components/pro/pro-email-tab-body.tsx
index 97a8c6b67..aeaf0f204 100644
--- a/components/pro/pro-email-tab-body.tsx
+++ b/components/pro/pro-email-tab-body.tsx
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ import { saveQuickReplyDraft } from '@/lib/outgoing/quick-reply-envelope';
 import { canDownload } from '@/lib/device-policy';
 import { useOpenEmailInWindow } from '@/hooks/use-popouts-available';
 import { isFilePreviewable } from '@/lib/file-preview';
+import { useDesktopCommands } from '@/lib/desktop/commands';
+import { isPopoutWindow } from '@/lib/popout/window-role';
 import dynamic from 'next/dynamic';
 
 // Only needed when the device policy turns downloads off.
@@ -450,6 +452,29 @@ export function ProEmailView({ emailId, client: clientOverride, clientAccountId,
     setEmail({ ...email, keywords });
   }, [email, setEmailKeywordsLocal]);
 
+  // In a pop-out this message is all there is, so the menu bar's Message menu means it.
+  const inOwnWindow = typeof window !== 'undefined' && isPopoutWindow();
+  const seen = !!email?.keywords?.$seen;
+  useDesktopCommands({
+    'message.reply': () => handleReply(),
+    'message.replyAll': handleReplyAll,
+    'message.forward': handleForward,
+    'message.markRead': () => { if (email) void handleMarkAsRead(email.id, true); },
+    'message.markUnread': () => { if (email) void handleMarkAsRead(email.id, false); },
+    'message.star': () => void handleToggleStar(),
+    'message.archive': archiveActionEnabled ? () => void handleArchive() : undefined,
+    'message.delete': () => void handleDelete(),
+  }, {
+    'message.reply': !!email,
+    'message.replyAll': !!email,
+    'message.forward': !!email,
+    'message.markRead': !!email && !seen,
+    'message.markUnread': !!email && seen,
+    'message.star': !!email,
+    'message.archive': !!email && archiveActionEnabled,
+    'message.delete': !!email,
+  }, inOwnWindow);
+
   const handleMoveToMailbox = useCallback(async (mailboxId: string) => {
     if (!client || !email) return;
     try {
diff --git a/components/settings/desktop-window-settings.tsx b/components/settings/desktop-window-settings.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d604728c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/components/settings/desktop-window-settings.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
+import { hasDesktopWindows } from "@/lib/popout/support";
+import { setDesktopPref, useDesktopPrefs } from "@/lib/desktop/preferences";
+import { SettingItem, SettingsSection, ToggleSwitch } from "./settings-section";
+
+/** How the desktop app's windows behave. Only there: a browser has nothing to set. */
+export function DesktopWindowSettings() {
+  const t = useTranslations("desktopUi.settings");
+  const prefs = useDesktopPrefs();
+  const [shown, setShown] = useState(false);
+  useEffect(() => setShown(hasDesktopWindows()), []);
+  if (!shown) return null;
+  return (
+    <SettingsSection id="desktop-windows" title={t("title")}>
+      <SettingItem label={t("double_click_label")} description={t("double_click_description")}>
+        <ToggleSwitch checked={prefs.openOnDoubleClick} onChange={(checked) => setDesktopPref("openOnDoubleClick", checked)} />
+      </SettingItem>
+      <SettingItem label={t("restore_label")} description={t("restore_description")}>
+        <ToggleSwitch checked={prefs.restoreWindows} onChange={(checked) => setDesktopPref("restoreWindows", checked)} />
+      </SettingItem>
+    </SettingsSection>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/components/settings/general-settings.tsx b/components/settings/general-settings.tsx
index 0a03272bf..370c76b2e 100644
--- a/components/settings/general-settings.tsx
+++ b/components/settings/general-settings.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { useTour } from '@/components/tour/tour-provider';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { PlayCircle } from '@/components/icons';
 import { IS_LITE } from '@/lib/lite';
+import { DesktopWindowSettings } from './desktop-window-settings';
 
 /**
  * The General page: language and time, which links the browser hands to
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ export function GeneralSettings({ supportsCalendar }: { supportsCalendar: boolea
       {!IS_LITE && <ProtocolHandlerSettings supportsCalendar={supportsCalendar} />}
       <DesktopKeystoreSettings />
 
+      <DesktopWindowSettings />
       <SettingsSection id="tour" title={tTour('settings_section')}>
         <SettingItem label={tTour('restart_title')} description={tTour('restart_desc')}>
           <Button
diff --git a/components/ui/context-menu.tsx b/components/ui/context-menu.tsx
index c22f3dfc9..68922cc82 100644
--- a/components/ui/context-menu.tsx
+++ b/components/ui/context-menu.tsx
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
 import { createPortal } from "react-dom";
 import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
 import { ChevronRight } from "@/components/icons";
+import { nativeMenusAvailable, readSettledMenu, showNativeMenu } from "@/lib/desktop/native-menu";
 
 interface Position {
   x: number;
@@ -199,6 +200,9 @@ interface MenuLevel {
 const MenuLevelContext = createContext<MenuLevel | null>(null);
 const neverTouched = () => false;
 
+/** The desktop app shows this menu natively: it renders hidden, submenus and all, to be read. */
+const NativeMenuContext = createContext(false);
+
 function useMenuLevel(recentTouch: () => boolean): MenuLevel {
   const [openId, setOpenId] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const timer = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
@@ -245,11 +249,45 @@ export const ContextMenu = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, ContextMenuProps>(
     const recentTouch = useCallback(() => Date.now() - lastTouchAt.current < 800, []);
     const level = useMenuLevel(recentTouch);
     const { request: requestLevel } = level;
+    const [nativeRefused, setNativeRefused] = useState(false);
+    const nativeMode = isOpen && mounted && !nativeRefused && nativeMenusAvailable();
+    const positionRef = useRef(position);
+    positionRef.current = position;
 
     useEffect(() => {
       setMounted(true);
     }, []);
 
+    useEffect(() => {
+      if (!isOpen) setNativeRefused(false);
+    }, [isOpen]);
+
+    // In the desktop app: read what rendered and show that natively. See lib/desktop/native-menu.ts.
+    useEffect(() => {
+      if (!nativeMode) return;
+      const root = localRef.current;
+      if (!root) return;
+      let cancelled = false;
+      void (async () => {
+        const read = await readSettledMenu(root, () => cancelled);
+        if (cancelled) return;
+        if (read.unsupported) {
+          setNativeRefused(true);
+          return;
+        }
+        const { anchor: at } = positionRef.current;
+        // From a right-click it opens at the pointer, which the OS knows best.
+        const place = at
+          ? { x: at.align === "end" ? Math.max(0, at.right - root.getBoundingClientRect().width) : at.left, y: at.bottom + ANCHOR_GAP }
+          : undefined;
+        await showNativeMenu(read, place);
+        if (!cancelled) onCloseRef.current();
+      })();
+      return () => {
+        cancelled = true;
+      };
+    }, [nativeMode]);
+
     const anchor = position.anchor;
     const anchorKey = anchor ? `${anchor.left},${anchor.top},${anchor.right},${anchor.bottom},${anchor.align ?? ""}` : "";
 
@@ -443,11 +481,11 @@ export const ContextMenu = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, ContextMenuProps>(
     // Once placed (it is invisible, and can't take the focus, before), the
     // first item gets the focus.
     useEffect(() => {
-      if (!isOpen || !isPositioned) return;
+      if (!isOpen || !isPositioned || nativeMode) return;
       const root = localRef.current;
       if (!root || root.contains(document.activeElement)) return;
       return focusFirstItem(root);
-    }, [isOpen, isPositioned]);
+    }, [isOpen, isPositioned, nativeMode]);
 
     const setRefs = (node: HTMLDivElement | null) => {
       localRef.current = node;
@@ -463,6 +501,7 @@ export const ContextMenu = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, ContextMenuProps>(
     const renderPosition = adjustedPosition ?? position;
 
     return createPortal(
+      <NativeMenuContext.Provider value={nativeMode}>
       <MenuLevelContext.Provider value={level}>
         <div
           ref={setRefs}
@@ -478,7 +517,7 @@ export const ContextMenu = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, ContextMenuProps>(
             left: renderPosition.x,
             top: renderPosition.y,
             maxWidth: `calc(100vw - ${2 * VIEWPORT_MARGIN}px)`,
-            visibility: isPositioned ? "visible" : "hidden",
+            visibility: isPositioned && !nativeMode ? "visible" : "hidden",
           }}
           role="menu"
           aria-label={label}
@@ -493,7 +532,8 @@ export const ContextMenu = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, ContextMenuProps>(
             {children}
           </div>
         </div>
-      </MenuLevelContext.Provider>,
+      </MenuLevelContext.Provider>
+      </NativeMenuContext.Provider>,
       document.body
     );
   }
@@ -578,11 +618,11 @@ export function ContextMenuItem({
       {Icon && <Icon className="w-4 h-4 flex-shrink-0" />}
       {hint ? (
         <span className="flex-1 min-w-0">
-          <span className="block">{label}</span>
+          <span className="block" data-menu-label="">{label}</span>
           <span className="block text-xs text-muted-foreground">{hint}</span>
         </span>
       ) : (
-        <span className="flex-1">{label}</span>
+        <span className="flex-1" data-menu-label="">{label}</span>
       )}
       {/* Key hints mean nothing without a keyboard: hidden on touch (R8). */}
       {shortcut && (
@@ -625,6 +665,7 @@ export function ContextMenuSubMenu({
   hint,
 }: ContextMenuSubMenuProps) {
   const parent = useContext(MenuLevelContext);
+  const native = useContext(NativeMenuContext);
   const id = useId();
   // Outside a ContextMenu (a host's own panel) it keeps its own state.
   const [localOpen, setLocalOpen] = useState(false);
@@ -704,16 +745,21 @@ export function ContextMenuSubMenu({
         {Icon && <Icon className="w-4 h-4 flex-shrink-0" />}
         {hint ? (
           <span className="flex-1 min-w-0">
-            <span className="block">{label}</span>
+            <span className="block" data-menu-label="">{label}</span>
             <span className="block text-xs text-muted-foreground">{hint}</span>
           </span>
         ) : (
-          <span className="flex-1">{label}</span>
+          <span className="flex-1" data-menu-label="">{label}</span>
         )}
         <ChevronRight className="w-4 h-4 text-muted-foreground" />
       </div>
 
-      {isOpen && !disabled && (
+      {native && !disabled && (
+        <div data-submenu-panel="" role="menu" aria-label={label} hidden={false}>
+          {children}
+        </div>
+      )}
+      {!native && isOpen && !disabled && (
         <MenuLevelContext.Provider value={ownLevel}>
           <SubMenuPanel
             ref={panelRef}
@@ -822,7 +868,7 @@ interface ContextMenuHeaderProps {
 
 export function ContextMenuHeader({ children }: ContextMenuHeaderProps) {
   return (
-    <div className="px-3 py-2 text-xs font-medium text-muted-foreground border-b border-border">
+    <div data-context-menu-header="" className="px-3 py-2 text-xs font-medium text-muted-foreground border-b border-border">
       {children}
     </div>
   );
diff --git a/hooks/use-context-menu.ts b/hooks/use-context-menu.ts
index dfdc02348..eb412b42d 100644
--- a/hooks/use-context-menu.ts
+++ b/hooks/use-context-menu.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import { useState, useCallback, useEffect, useRef } from "react";
 import type { ContextMenuPosition } from "@/components/ui/context-menu";
+import { nativeMenuIsOpen } from "@/lib/desktop/native-menu";
 
 interface ContextMenuState<T> {
   isOpen: boolean;
@@ -134,12 +135,14 @@ export function useContextMenu<T>(): UseContextMenuReturn<T> {
     };
 
     const handleClickOutside = (e: MouseEvent) => {
+      if (nativeMenuIsOpen()) return;
       if (menuRef.current && !menuRef.current.contains(e.target as Node)) {
         closeContextMenu();
       }
     };
 
     const handleScroll = (e: Event) => {
+      if (nativeMenuIsOpen()) return;
       if (menuRef.current && e.target instanceof Node && menuRef.current.contains(e.target)) {
         return;
       }
@@ -150,6 +153,8 @@ export function useContextMenu<T>(): UseContextMenuReturn<T> {
       // A focused control in the menu may have opened a system dialog that
       // took the focus from the window, such as a color input's (#1366).
       if (menuRef.current?.contains(document.activeElement)) return;
+      // In the desktop app the menu is native: it closes itself, and says what was picked.
+      if (nativeMenuIsOpen()) return;
       closeContextMenu();
     };
 
diff --git a/lib/__tests__/window-title-bar.test.tsx b/lib/__tests__/window-title-bar.test.tsx
index b0d4bb11b..e785ffb33 100644
--- a/lib/__tests__/window-title-bar.test.tsx
+++ b/lib/__tests__/window-title-bar.test.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import { act, cleanup, render } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { act, cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { readdirSync, readFileSync, statSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { join } from 'node:path';
-import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
 import { WindowTitleBar } from '@/components/layout/window-title-bar';
 import { TITLEBAR_INSET_VAR, readTitlebarArea } from '@/lib/window-controls-overlay';
 
@@ -30,6 +30,97 @@ afterEach(() => {
   document.documentElement.style.removeProperty(TITLEBAR_INSET_VAR);
 });
 
+describe('the menu strip in the desktop app', () => {
+  type BarEvent = { visible: boolean; open?: string };
+
+  function withBar() {
+    let send: (event: BarEvent) => void = () => {};
+    const open = vi.fn();
+    window.bulwarkDesktop = {
+      version: 1,
+      platform: 'win32',
+      menu: {
+        setState: () => {},
+        bar: {
+          entries: async () => [{ id: 'file', label: 'File', mnemonic: 'f' }, { id: 'edit', label: 'Edit', mnemonic: 'e' }],
+          open,
+          onEvent: (listener: (event: BarEvent) => void) => {
+            send = listener;
+            return () => {};
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    } as never;
+    return { open, send: (event: BarEvent) => send(event) };
+  }
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    window.bulwarkDesktop = undefined;
+  });
+
+  const overlayOn = () => {
+    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'windowControlsOverlay', {
+      configurable: true,
+      value: Object.assign(new EventTarget(), { visible: true, getTitlebarAreaRect: () => ({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 800, height: 36 }) }),
+    });
+  };
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    delete (navigator as unknown as { windowControlsOverlay?: unknown }).windowControlsOverlay;
+  });
+
+  it('Alt shows the names with the focus on the first, and Escape gives it back', async () => {
+    overlayOn();
+    const bar = withBar();
+    const before = document.createElement('button');
+    document.body.appendChild(before);
+    before.focus();
+    render(<WindowTitleBar />);
+    await act(async () => bar.send({ visible: true }));
+    const file = await screen.findByRole('menuitem', { name: 'File' });
+    await waitFor(() => expect(document.activeElement).toBe(file));
+    fireEvent.keyDown(file, { key: 'ArrowRight' });
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(screen.getByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Edit' }));
+    fireEvent.keyDown(document.activeElement!, { key: 'Escape' });
+    expect(screen.queryByRole('menubar')).toBeNull();
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(before);
+    before.remove();
+  });
+
+  it('a name opens that menu natively', async () => {
+    overlayOn();
+    const bar = withBar();
+    render(<WindowTitleBar />);
+    await act(async () => bar.send({ visible: true }));
+    fireEvent.click(await screen.findByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Edit' }));
+    expect(bar.open).toHaveBeenCalledWith('edit', expect.objectContaining({ x: expect.any(Number), y: expect.any(Number) }));
+  });
+
+  it('Alt and a letter opens that one right away', async () => {
+    overlayOn();
+    const bar = withBar();
+    render(<WindowTitleBar />);
+    await act(async () => bar.send({ visible: true, open: 'file' }));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(bar.open).toHaveBeenCalledWith('file', expect.anything()));
+  });
+
+  it('the shell can take it away again', async () => {
+    overlayOn();
+    const bar = withBar();
+    render(<WindowTitleBar />);
+    await act(async () => bar.send({ visible: true }));
+    await screen.findByRole('menubar');
+    await act(async () => bar.send({ visible: false }));
+    expect(screen.queryByRole('menubar')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('with no bridge there is none, and the title stays', async () => {
+    overlayOn();
+    render(<WindowTitleBar />);
+    expect(screen.queryByRole('menubar')).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
 describe('the title bar', () => {
   it('shows nothing and touches nothing without the API', () => {
     installOverlay(undefined);
diff --git a/lib/desktop/__tests__/native-ui.test.tsx b/lib/desktop/__tests__/native-ui.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bab20eb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/desktop/__tests__/native-ui.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+import { act, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { ContextMenu, ContextMenuHeader, ContextMenuItem, ContextMenuSeparator, ContextMenuSubMenu } from '@/components/ui/context-menu';
+import type { BulwarkDesktopBridge, DesktopNativeMenuItem } from '../types';
+import { accentColours, applySystemAccent } from '../system-accent';
+import { mergedDesktopState, registerDesktopSurface, resetDesktopCommands, runDesktopCommand, setDesktopBaseState } from '../commands';
+import { readMenu } from '../native-menu';
+import { noteOpenDraft, resetOpenDrafts, restoreUrlFor } from '../window-restore';
+import { readDesktopPrefs, resetDesktopPrefsCache, setDesktopPref } from '../preferences';
+import { closePopoutWindow, isPopoutPath } from '@/lib/popout/window-role';
+
+function setBridge(bridge: Partial<BulwarkDesktopBridge> | undefined) {
+  window.bulwarkDesktop = bridge as BulwarkDesktopBridge | undefined;
+}
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  setBridge(undefined);
+  resetDesktopCommands();
+  resetOpenDrafts();
+  localStorage.clear();
+  resetDesktopPrefsCache();
+  vi.useRealTimers();
+});
+
+function testMenu(extra?: React.ReactNode, handlers: { reply?: () => void; inbox?: () => void } = {}) {
+  return (
+    <>
+      <ContextMenuHeader>Three messages</ContextMenuHeader>
+      <ContextMenuItem label="Reply" onClick={handlers.reply ?? (() => {})} shortcut="R" hint="to the sender" />
+      <ContextMenuItem label="Forward" onClick={() => {}} disabled />
+      <ContextMenuSeparator />
+      <ContextMenuSubMenu label="Move to">
+        <ContextMenuItem label="Inbox" onClick={handlers.inbox ?? (() => {})} />
+        <ContextMenuItem label="R&D" onClick={() => {}} />
+      </ContextMenuSubMenu>
+      <ContextMenuSubMenu label="Rules" disabled>
+        <ContextMenuItem label="Never shown" onClick={() => {}} />
+      </ContextMenuSubMenu>
+      {extra}
+    </>
+  );
+}
+
+describe('an HTML menu shown natively', () => {
+  let popup: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  let answer: (id: string | null) => void;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    popup = vi.fn(() => new Promise<string | null>((resolve) => { answer = resolve; }));
+    setBridge({ version: 1, platform: 'win32', menu: { setState: () => {}, popup: popup as never } });
+  });
+
+  async function openMenu(children: React.ReactNode, onClose = vi.fn()) {
+    render(<ContextMenu isOpen position={{ x: 10, y: 10 }} onClose={onClose}>{children}</ContextMenu>);
+    await waitFor(() => expect(popup).toHaveBeenCalled());
+    return { items: popup.mock.calls[0][0] as DesktopNativeMenuItem[], at: popup.mock.calls[0][1], onClose };
+  }
+
+  it('reads every kind of row, in order, with submenus', async () => {
+    const { items } = await openMenu(testMenu());
+    expect(items.map((item) => item.label ?? item.type)).toEqual(['Three messages', 'Reply', 'Forward', 'separator', 'Move to', 'Rules']);
+    expect(items[0].enabled).toBe(false);
+    expect(items[2].enabled).toBe(false);
+    expect(items[4].submenu?.map((item) => item.label)).toEqual(['Inbox', 'R&D']);
+    // A disabled submenu shows, and has nothing in it.
+    expect(items[5].enabled).toBe(false);
+    expect(items[5].submenu).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('takes the label without the shortcut or the hint', async () => {
+    const { items } = await openMenu(testMenu());
+    expect(items[1].label).toBe('Reply');
+  });
+
+  it('at the pointer from a right-click, under the button from a button', async () => {
+    const { at } = await openMenu(testMenu());
+    expect(at).toBeUndefined();
+    popup.mockClear();
+    render(
+      <ContextMenu isOpen position={{ x: 0, y: 0, anchor: { left: 40, top: 50, right: 90, bottom: 70 } }} onClose={() => {}}>
+        <ContextMenuItem label="One" onClick={() => {}} />
+      </ContextMenu>,
+    );
+    await waitFor(() => expect(popup).toHaveBeenCalled());
+    expect(popup.mock.calls[0][1]).toEqual({ x: 40, y: 74 });
+  });
+
+  it('a pick runs the HTML row, the one a browser would run, and closes the menu', async () => {
+    const reply = vi.fn();
+    const inbox = vi.fn();
+    const { items, onClose } = await openMenu(testMenu(undefined, { reply, inbox }));
+    await act(async () => {
+      answer(items[4].submenu![0].id!);
+    });
+    await waitFor(() => expect(onClose).toHaveBeenCalled());
+    expect(inbox).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(reply).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('dismissing it runs nothing and closes the menu', async () => {
+    const reply = vi.fn();
+    const { onClose } = await openMenu(testMenu(undefined, { reply }));
+    await act(async () => {
+      answer(null);
+    });
+    await waitFor(() => expect(onClose).toHaveBeenCalled());
+    expect(reply).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('the hidden copy is never visible', async () => {
+    await openMenu(testMenu());
+    const menu = document.body.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[role="menu"]');
+    expect(menu?.style.visibility).toBe('hidden');
+  });
+
+  it('stays HTML when something in it can\'t be shown natively', async () => {
+    render(
+      <ContextMenu isOpen position={{ x: 10, y: 10 }} onClose={() => {}}>
+        {testMenu(<input type="color" aria-label="Colour" />)}
+      </ContextMenu>,
+    );
+    await waitFor(() => expect(document.body.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[role="menu"]')?.style.visibility).toBe('visible'));
+    expect(popup).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(screen.getByRole('menuitem', { name: /Reply/ })).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  it('a row with no words stays HTML too: a colour swatch says nothing in a native menu', () => {
+    const root = document.createElement('div');
+    root.innerHTML = '<button role="menuitem"><svg></svg></button>';
+    expect(readMenu(root).unsupported).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('a search field over a list is left out, and what it searches stays', () => {
+    const root = document.createElement('div');
+    root.innerHTML = '<input type="search" /><button role="menuitem">Inbox</button>';
+    const read = readMenu(root);
+    expect(read.unsupported).toBe(false);
+    expect(read.items.map((item) => item.label)).toEqual(['Inbox']);
+  });
+
+  it('reads check and radio rows', () => {
+    const root = document.createElement('div');
+    root.innerHTML = '<button role="menuitemcheckbox" aria-checked="true">Show</button><button role="menuitemradio" aria-checked="false">Other</button>';
+    expect(readMenu(root).items).toMatchObject([
+      { type: 'checkbox', checked: true, label: 'Show' },
+      { type: 'radio', checked: false, label: 'Other' },
+    ]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('the same menu in a browser', () => {
+  it('is the HTML menu, on screen, and no bridge is asked', async () => {
+    render(<ContextMenu isOpen position={{ x: 10, y: 10 }} onClose={() => {}}>{testMenu()}</ContextMenu>);
+    await waitFor(() => expect(document.body.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[role="menu"]')?.style.visibility).toBe('visible'));
+    // A closed submenu's rows aren't in the page.
+    expect(screen.queryByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Inbox' })).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('menu commands', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+  });
+
+  it('the newest surface answers, and an older one is back when it goes', () => {
+    const older = vi.fn();
+    const newer = vi.fn();
+    registerDesktopSurface({ handlers: { 'message.reply': older }, state: {} });
+    const stop = registerDesktopSurface({ handlers: { 'message.reply': newer }, state: {} });
+    expect(runDesktopCommand('message.reply')).toBe(true);
+    expect(newer).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(older).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    stop();
+    runDesktopCommand('message.reply');
+    expect(older).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('says when nothing answered, so the host can take it', () => {
+    expect(runDesktopCommand('go.calendar')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('the shell gets the state, surfaces over the base', () => {
+    const setState = vi.fn();
+    setBridge({ version: 1, platform: 'win32', menu: { setState } });
+    setDesktopBaseState({ 'message.reply': false, 'file.print': true });
+    registerDesktopSurface({ handlers: {}, state: { 'message.reply': true } });
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(50);
+    expect(setState).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith({ 'message.reply': true, 'file.print': true });
+    expect(mergedDesktopState()['file.print']).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('composers that come back', () => {
+  it('tell the shell which draft they hold, and forget it when they go', () => {
+    const setRestore = vi.fn();
+    setBridge({ version: 1, platform: 'win32', windows: { setRestore } });
+    noteOpenDraft('a', { draftId: 'd1', localAccountId: 'login', ownerAccountId: 'group' });
+    expect(setRestore).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([expect.stringContaining('draft=d1')]);
+    expect(setRestore.mock.lastCall![0][0]).toContain('account=login');
+    expect(setRestore.mock.lastCall![0][0]).toContain('owner=group');
+    noteOpenDraft('a', { draftId: 'd2' });
+    expect(setRestore.mock.lastCall![0]).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(setRestore.mock.lastCall![0][0]).toContain('draft=d2');
+    noteOpenDraft('a', null);
+    expect(setRestore).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([]);
+  });
+
+  it('are pop-out addresses the window type check recognises', () => {
+    expect(restoreUrlFor({ draftId: 'x' })).toMatch(/\/popout\/compose\?draft=x$/);
+  });
+
+  it('do nothing in a browser', () => {
+    expect(() => noteOpenDraft('a', { draftId: 'd1' })).not.toThrow();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('a pop-out closing itself', () => {
+  it('goes through the shell in the desktop app, not window.close', () => {
+    const closeSelf = vi.fn();
+    const close = vi.spyOn(window, 'close').mockImplementation(() => {});
+    setBridge({ version: 1, platform: 'win32', windows: { closeSelf } });
+    closePopoutWindow();
+    expect(closeSelf).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(close).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    close.mockRestore();
+  });
+
+  it('uses window.close in a browser', () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    const close = vi.spyOn(window, 'close').mockImplementation(() => {});
+    closePopoutWindow();
+    expect(close).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    close.mockRestore();
+  });
+
+  it('counts the warm spare as a pop-out, which is a guest of the main window', () => {
+    expect(isPopoutPath('/popout/spare')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPopoutPath('/de/popout/spare')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPopoutPath('/popout/spare/x')).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('window settings', () => {
+  it('both default to on, and stay on this computer', () => {
+    expect(readDesktopPrefs()).toEqual({ openOnDoubleClick: true, restoreWindows: true });
+    setDesktopPref('restoreWindows', false);
+    resetDesktopPrefsCache();
+    expect(readDesktopPrefs().restoreWindows).toBe(false);
+    expect(readDesktopPrefs().openOnDoubleClick).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('a damaged value is the default', () => {
+    localStorage.setItem('bulwark-desktop-window-prefs', '{nope');
+    expect(readDesktopPrefs().restoreWindows).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('the OS accent colour', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => setBridge({ version: 1, platform: 'win32' }));
+
+  const apply = (input: Partial<Parameters<typeof applySystemAccent>[0]>) => {
+    const root = document.createElement('div');
+    applySystemAccent({ accent: '#0078d4', dark: false, followsSystem: true, ...input }, root);
+    return root.style.getPropertyValue('--color-primary');
+  };
+
+  it('is used while the theme follows the system', () => {
+    expect(apply({})).toBe('#0078d4');
+  });
+
+  it('not under a theme the user picked', () => {
+    expect(apply({ followsSystem: false })).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('not in a contrast theme', () => {
+    expect(apply({ highContrast: true })).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('not where it would vanish against the page', () => {
+    expect(accentColours('#fefefe', false)).toBeNull();
+    expect(accentColours('#050505', true)).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('text on it is what reads', () => {
+    expect(accentColours('#0078d4', false)?.foreground).toBe('#ffffff');
+    expect(accentColours('#ffd400', true)?.foreground).toBe('#000000');
+  });
+
+  it('a removed accent takes its colours off again', () => {
+    const root = document.createElement('div');
+    applySystemAccent({ accent: '#0078d4', dark: false, followsSystem: true }, root);
+    applySystemAccent({ dark: false, followsSystem: true }, root);
+    expect(root.style.getPropertyValue('--color-primary')).toBe('');
+    expect(root.style.getPropertyValue('--color-primary-foreground')).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('does nothing in a browser', () => {
+    setBridge(undefined);
+    expect(apply({})).toBe('');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/lib/desktop/commands.ts b/lib/desktop/commands.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5013eeb66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/desktop/commands.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/**
+ * The desktop app's menu bar, on the webmail's side. The shell shows the menu and
+ * sends an id; what runs is the same handler the shortcut or button runs, from
+ * whichever part of the app registered it. What's on screen decides what's enabled:
+ * a surface reports that here, and the newest surface wins per command.
+ *
+ * Nothing happens in a browser: there's no bridge to publish to, and nobody sends
+ * an id.
+ */
+
+import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
+import { getDesktopBridge } from './bridge';
+import type { DesktopMenuState } from './types';
+
+export type DesktopCommandHandlers = Record<string, (() => void) | undefined>;
+
+interface Surface {
+  handlers: DesktopCommandHandlers;
+  state: DesktopMenuState;
+}
+
+const surfaces = new Set<Surface>();
+let base: DesktopMenuState = {};
+let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+
+/** What the shell should show now: the base, with each surface over it, newest last. */
+export function mergedDesktopState(): DesktopMenuState {
+  const merged: DesktopMenuState = { ...base };
+  for (const surface of surfaces) Object.assign(merged, surface.state);
+  return merged;
+}
+
+function publish(): void {
+  if (timer) return;
+  timer = setTimeout(() => {
+    timer = null;
+    getDesktopBridge()?.menu?.setState(mergedDesktopState());
+  }, 30);
+}
+
+/** What holds whatever is on screen: signed in or not, the device policy. */
+export function setDesktopBaseState(state: DesktopMenuState): void {
+  base = state;
+  publish();
+}
+
+/** Runs a command from the newest surface that has it. False when none does. */
+export function runDesktopCommand(id: string): boolean {
+  for (const surface of [...surfaces].reverse()) {
+    const handler = surface.handlers[id];
+    if (handler) {
+      handler();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+export function registerDesktopSurface(surface: Surface): () => void {
+  surfaces.add(surface);
+  publish();
+  return () => {
+    surfaces.delete(surface);
+    publish();
+  };
+}
+
+function sameState(a: DesktopMenuState, b: DesktopMenuState): boolean {
+  return JSON.stringify(a) === JSON.stringify(b);
+}
+
+/**
+ * This part of the app answers these commands while `enabled`. Handlers can be new
+ * on every render: the newest ones run, and only a changed state goes to the shell.
+ */
+export function useDesktopCommands(handlers: DesktopCommandHandlers, state: DesktopMenuState, enabled = true): void {
+  const surfaceRef = useRef<Surface>({ handlers, state });
+  surfaceRef.current.handlers = handlers;
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!enabled || !getDesktopBridge()?.menu) return;
+    return registerDesktopSurface(surfaceRef.current);
+  }, [enabled]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (sameState(surfaceRef.current.state, state)) return;
+    surfaceRef.current.state = state;
+    publish();
+  });
+}
+
+/** Test helper. */
+export function resetDesktopCommands(): void {
+  surfaces.clear();
+  base = {};
+  if (timer) clearTimeout(timer);
+  timer = null;
+}
diff --git a/lib/desktop/native-menu.ts b/lib/desktop/native-menu.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae8eca8a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/desktop/native-menu.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/**
+ * Turns an HTML menu into a native one. The ContextMenu component renders as it does
+ * in a browser, hidden, with its submenus open. This reads the result and shows that
+ * natively. A pick clicks the row the HTML menu has for it, so a menu has one list of
+ * entries with one set of handlers and the two can't drift.
+ *
+ * A menu with something a native one can't show (a plugin's frame, a colour picker,
+ * a row with no text) stays HTML. So does anything marked data-native-menu="html".
+ */
+
+import { getDesktopBridge } from './bridge';
+import type { DesktopNativeMenuItem } from './types';
+
+export function nativeMenusAvailable(): boolean {
+  return !!getDesktopBridge()?.menu?.popup;
+}
+
+export interface ReadMenu {
+  items: DesktopNativeMenuItem[];
+  /** The HTML row behind each native item's id. */
+  elements: Map<string, HTMLElement>;
+  /** There's something here a native menu can't show. */
+  unsupported: boolean;
+}
+
+const ROW = '[role="menuitem"], [role="menuitemcheckbox"], [role="menuitemradio"], button, a[href]';
+
+function isDisabled(el: HTMLElement): boolean {
+  return (el as HTMLButtonElement).disabled === true || el.getAttribute('aria-disabled') === 'true';
+}
+
+function labelOf(el: HTMLElement): string {
+  const named = el.getAttribute('aria-label') ?? el.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-menu-label]')?.textContent ?? el.textContent ?? '';
+  return named.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+}
+
+function isHidden(el: Element): boolean {
+  return typeof window.getComputedStyle === 'function' && window.getComputedStyle(el).display === 'none';
+}
+
+export function readMenu(root: HTMLElement): ReadMenu {
+  const elements = new Map<string, HTMLElement>();
+  let unsupported = root.querySelector('[data-native-menu="html"], iframe, select, textarea, input[type="color"]') !== null;
+  let next = 1;
+
+  const walk = (container: Element, into: DesktopNativeMenuItem[]): void => {
+    for (const child of Array.from(container.children)) {
+      if (!(child instanceof HTMLElement) || isHidden(child)) continue;
+      if (child.getAttribute('role') === 'separator') {
+        into.push({ type: 'separator' });
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (child.dataset.submenuPanel !== undefined) continue;
+      if (child.dataset.contextMenuHeader !== undefined) {
+        const label = labelOf(child);
+        if (label) into.push({ id: `h${next++}`, label, enabled: false });
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (child.dataset.submenuTrigger !== undefined) {
+        const label = labelOf(child);
+        if (isDisabled(child)) {
+          into.push({ id: `s${next++}`, label, enabled: false });
+          continue;
+        }
+        const panel = child.parentElement?.querySelector<HTMLElement>(':scope > [data-submenu-panel]');
+        if (!panel) {
+          unsupported = true;
+          continue;
+        }
+        const submenu: DesktopNativeMenuItem[] = [];
+        walk(panel, submenu);
+        into.push({ label, submenu });
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (child.matches(ROW)) {
+        // A row that opens its own popup: there's nothing to click through to.
+        if (child.hasAttribute('aria-haspopup')) {
+          unsupported = true;
+          continue;
+        }
+        const label = labelOf(child);
+        if (!label) {
+          // A swatch or an icon says nothing in a native menu.
+          unsupported = true;
+          continue;
+        }
+        const id = `i${next++}`;
+        elements.set(id, child);
+        const role = child.getAttribute('role');
+        into.push({
+          id,
+          label,
+          enabled: !isDisabled(child),
+          ...(role === 'menuitemcheckbox' || role === 'menuitemradio'
+            ? { type: role === 'menuitemcheckbox' ? 'checkbox' as const : 'radio' as const, checked: child.getAttribute('aria-checked') === 'true' }
+            : {}),
+        });
+        continue;
+      }
+      // A search field over a list is no use where you can't type.
+      if (child instanceof HTMLInputElement) continue;
+      walk(child, into);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const items: DesktopNativeMenuItem[] = [];
+  walk(root, items);
+  return { items, elements, unsupported };
+}
+
+const SETTLE_MS = 30;
+const SETTLE_LIMIT_MS = 400;
+
+/**
+ * The menu once it stopped changing. Entries can render a moment after the menu
+ * (the mail menu waits for its data), and a native menu can't grow once it's up.
+ */
+export async function readSettledMenu(root: HTMLElement, cancelled: () => boolean): Promise<ReadMenu> {
+  const started = Date.now();
+  let previous = readMenu(root);
+  while (!cancelled() && Date.now() - started < SETTLE_LIMIT_MS) {
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, SETTLE_MS));
+    const current = readMenu(root);
+    if (current.items.length > 0 && JSON.stringify(current.items) === JSON.stringify(previous.items)) return current;
+    previous = current;
+  }
+  return previous;
+}
+
+/** Shows it and clicks the row picked. Resolves when the menu has gone. */
+export async function showNativeMenu(read: ReadMenu, at?: { x: number; y: number }): Promise<void> {
+  const popup = getDesktopBridge()?.menu?.popup;
+  if (!popup) return;
+  document.documentElement.dataset.nativeMenuOpen = '';
+  try {
+    const picked = await popup(read.items, at);
+    if (picked) read.elements.get(picked)?.click();
+  } finally {
+    delete document.documentElement.dataset.nativeMenuOpen;
+  }
+}
+
+/** A native menu is up: the window's blur or a stray event says nothing about it. */
+export function nativeMenuIsOpen(): boolean {
+  return typeof document !== 'undefined' && document.documentElement.dataset.nativeMenuOpen !== undefined;
+}
diff --git a/lib/desktop/preferences.ts b/lib/desktop/preferences.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9894c5c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/desktop/preferences.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/**
+ * What the desktop app's windows do. These belong to this computer, not the account
+ * (one user can have a laptop and a desktop that differ), so they stay out of the
+ * synced settings. The shell gets its copy of "restore" from the host.
+ */
+
+import { useSyncExternalStore } from 'react';
+
+const STORAGE_KEY = 'bulwark-desktop-window-prefs';
+
+export interface DesktopWindowPrefs {
+  /** Double-clicking a message opens it in its own window. */
+  openOnDoubleClick: boolean;
+  /** The windows open at quit come back at the next start. */
+  restoreWindows: boolean;
+}
+
+const DEFAULTS: DesktopWindowPrefs = { openOnDoubleClick: true, restoreWindows: true };
+
+let cached: DesktopWindowPrefs | null = null;
+const listeners = new Set<() => void>();
+
+export function readDesktopPrefs(): DesktopWindowPrefs {
+  if (cached) return cached;
+  let stored: Partial<DesktopWindowPrefs> = {};
+  try {
+    const raw = typeof localStorage === 'undefined' ? null : localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY);
+    if (raw) stored = JSON.parse(raw) as Partial<DesktopWindowPrefs>;
+  } catch {
+    // Damaged: the defaults.
+  }
+  cached = {
+    openOnDoubleClick: typeof stored.openOnDoubleClick === 'boolean' ? stored.openOnDoubleClick : DEFAULTS.openOnDoubleClick,
+    restoreWindows: typeof stored.restoreWindows === 'boolean' ? stored.restoreWindows : DEFAULTS.restoreWindows,
+  };
+  return cached;
+}
+
+export function setDesktopPref<K extends keyof DesktopWindowPrefs>(key: K, value: DesktopWindowPrefs[K]): void {
+  cached = { ...readDesktopPrefs(), [key]: value };
+  try {
+    localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(cached));
+  } catch {
+    // Full or unavailable: it holds until the window closes.
+  }
+  for (const listener of [...listeners]) listener();
+}
+
+function subscribe(listener: () => void): () => void {
+  listeners.add(listener);
+  // Another window changed it.
+  const onStorage = (event: StorageEvent) => {
+    if (event.key !== STORAGE_KEY) return;
+    cached = null;
+    listener();
+  };
+  window.addEventListener('storage', onStorage);
+  return () => {
+    listeners.delete(listener);
+    window.removeEventListener('storage', onStorage);
+  };
+}
+
+export function useDesktopPrefs(): DesktopWindowPrefs {
+  return useSyncExternalStore(subscribe, readDesktopPrefs, () => DEFAULTS);
+}
+
+/** Test helper. */
+export function resetDesktopPrefsCache(): void {
+  cached = null;
+}
diff --git a/lib/desktop/system-accent.ts b/lib/desktop/system-accent.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49f575429
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/desktop/system-accent.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/**
+ * The OS accent colour, when the user's theme is "system". Buttons and selection take
+ * it the way native controls do. Not under a theme the user chose, and not when the
+ * colour would be hard to see: the app's own stays then.
+ */
+
+import { getDesktopBridge } from './bridge';
+
+const VARIABLES = ['--color-primary', '--color-ring', '--color-primary-foreground'] as const;
+
+function channels(hex: string): [number, number, number] | null {
+  const match = /^#([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})$/i.exec(hex);
+  if (!match) return null;
+  return [parseInt(match[1], 16), parseInt(match[2], 16), parseInt(match[3], 16)];
+}
+
+function luminance([r, g, b]: [number, number, number]): number {
+  const [lr, lg, lb] = [r, g, b].map((value) => {
+    const c = value / 255;
+    return c <= 0.03928 ? c / 12.92 : ((c + 0.055) / 1.055) ** 2.4;
+  });
+  return 0.2126 * lr + 0.7152 * lg + 0.0722 * lb;
+}
+
+function contrast(a: number, b: number): number {
+  return (Math.max(a, b) + 0.05) / (Math.min(a, b) + 0.05);
+}
+
+/** Non-text contrast, WCAG 1.4.11. */
+const MIN_AGAINST_BACKGROUND = 3;
+const MIN_TEXT = 4.5;
+
+/**
+ * The colours to use, or null for the app's own: the accent has to stand out from the
+ * page, and text on it has to be readable in either black or white.
+ */
+export function accentColours(accent: string, dark: boolean): { primary: string; foreground: string } | null {
+  const rgb = channels(accent);
+  if (!rgb) return null;
+  const own = luminance(rgb);
+  // The standard theme's page backgrounds.
+  const page = dark ? 0.0091 : 1;
+  if (contrast(own, page) < MIN_AGAINST_BACKGROUND) return null;
+  const onWhite = contrast(own, 1);
+  const onBlack = contrast(own, 0);
+  if (Math.max(onWhite, onBlack) < MIN_TEXT) return null;
+  return { primary: accent, foreground: onWhite >= MIN_TEXT ? '#ffffff' : '#000000' };
+}
+
+export interface AccentInput {
+  accent?: string;
+  /** Whether the page is dark now. */
+  dark: boolean;
+  /** The user's theme setting is "system" and no installed theme is active. */
+  followsSystem: boolean;
+  /** A contrast theme has its own colours and they win. */
+  highContrast?: boolean;
+}
+
+export function applySystemAccent({ accent, dark, followsSystem, highContrast }: AccentInput, root: HTMLElement = document.documentElement): void {
+  const colours = accent && followsSystem && !highContrast && getDesktopBridge() ? accentColours(accent, dark) : null;
+  if (!colours) {
+    for (const name of VARIABLES) root.style.removeProperty(name);
+    return;
+  }
+  root.style.setProperty('--color-primary', colours.primary);
+  root.style.setProperty('--color-ring', colours.primary);
+  root.style.setProperty('--color-primary-foreground', colours.foreground);
+}
diff --git a/lib/desktop/types.ts b/lib/desktop/types.ts
index 5c60da8bf..f9eb6109b 100644
--- a/lib/desktop/types.ts
+++ b/lib/desktop/types.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ export interface DesktopWindowInfo {
   type: DesktopWindowType;
   title: string;
   focused: boolean;
+  /** False for a main window hidden while pop-outs are open. */
+  visible?: boolean;
 }
 
 export interface DesktopWindowsBridge {
@@ -34,13 +36,72 @@ export interface DesktopWindowsBridge {
   list?: () => Promise<DesktopWindowInfo[]>;
   /** Fires when a window opens, closes, retitles or takes the focus. Returns the unsubscribe. */
   onChanged?: (listener: (windows: DesktopWindowInfo[]) => void) => () => void;
+  /**
+   * This page has saved or discarded and closes its window. Goes through the shell
+   * so bounds get stored and no second save runs. Works however the window opened.
+   */
+  closeSelf?: () => void;
+  /** What this window's open drafts come back as at the next start: pop-out composer addresses. */
+  setRestore?: (urls: string[]) => void;
+  setRestoreEnabled?: (enabled: boolean) => void;
+  /** Signed in, with a session to lend: windows from last time can open. */
+  sessionReady?: () => void;
+  /** The warm spare's page, see components/popout/popout-spare-app.tsx. */
+  spare?: {
+    ready: () => void;
+    taken: () => void;
+    onActivate: (listener: (url: string) => void) => () => void;
+  };
 }
 
 export interface DesktopThemeBridge {
   /** The page's colours, for title bar buttons and the first frame of new windows. */
   set: (theme: { dark: boolean; background: string; foreground?: string }) => void;
-  /** Fires when the OS switches between light and dark. Returns the unsubscribe. */
-  onSystemChange?: (listener: (system: { dark: boolean; highContrast: boolean }) => void) => () => void;
+  /** Fires when the OS switches between light and dark, contrast or accent. Returns the unsubscribe. */
+  onSystemChange?: (listener: (system: DesktopSystemTheme) => void) => () => void;
+  /** How the OS looks now. */
+  system?: () => Promise<DesktopSystemTheme>;
+}
+
+export interface DesktopSystemTheme {
+  dark: boolean;
+  highContrast: boolean;
+  /** The OS accent colour as #rrggbb, where the OS has one and tells. */
+  accent?: string;
+}
+
+export type DesktopMenuState = Record<string, boolean | { enabled?: boolean; checked?: boolean }>;
+
+/** A native menu built from an HTML one (lib/desktop/native-menu.ts). */
+export interface DesktopNativeMenuItem {
+  /** Handed back when this item is chosen. Left out of separators and submenus. */
+  id?: string;
+  label?: string;
+  type?: 'normal' | 'separator' | 'checkbox' | 'radio';
+  enabled?: boolean;
+  checked?: boolean;
+  submenu?: DesktopNativeMenuItem[];
+}
+
+export interface DesktopMenuBarEntry {
+  id: string;
+  label: string;
+  /** The letter that opens it with Alt, lower case. */
+  mnemonic?: string;
+}
+
+export interface DesktopMenuBarEvent {
+  visible: boolean;
+  /** Open this menu right away: Alt plus its letter. */
+  open?: string;
+}
+
+/** What a page answers when asked to save before a window goes. */
+export interface DesktopFlushAnswer {
+  failed?: number;
+  timedOut?: boolean;
+  /** Mail waiting to be sent. */
+  unsent?: number;
 }
 
 export interface DesktopMenuBridge {
@@ -48,12 +109,41 @@ export interface DesktopMenuBridge {
    * What the app menu shows as enabled or checked, by command id. The shell
    * keeps the last state per window and applies it when that window has focus.
    */
-  setState: (state: Record<string, boolean | { enabled?: boolean; checked?: boolean }>) => void;
+  setState: (state: DesktopMenuState) => void;
+  /** A menu command to run. Returns the unsubscribe. */
+  onCommand?: (listener: (id: string) => void) => () => void;
+  /** Shows a native menu. At the pointer when `at` is left out. Answers with the id picked, or null. */
+  popup?: (items: DesktopNativeMenuItem[], at?: { x: number; y: number }) => Promise<string | null>;
+  /** The strip that stands in for a menu bar in a window with no native bar. */
+  bar?: {
+    entries: () => Promise<DesktopMenuBarEntry[]>;
+    /** Opens that menu natively, at page coordinates. */
+    open: (id: string, at: { x: number; y: number }) => void;
+    onEvent: (listener: (event: DesktopMenuBarEvent) => void) => () => void;
+  };
 }
 
 export interface DesktopShellBridge {
   /** http, https and mailto only. */
   openExternal: (url: string) => void;
+  /** The shell's menus follow `ui`. Spellcheck follows both. */
+  setLanguages?: (languages: { ui: string; composer?: string[] }) => void;
+}
+
+export interface DesktopDialogsBridge {
+  /** A native question. Answers with the index of the button chosen. The last button is the safe one. */
+  confirm: (options: {
+    message: string;
+    detail?: string;
+    buttons: string[];
+    defaultId?: number;
+    type?: 'none' | 'info' | 'warning' | 'question';
+  }) => Promise<number>;
+}
+
+export interface DesktopClipboardBridge {
+  /** Puts a file on the clipboard, for pasting into a folder. False when that didn't work. */
+  copyFile: (name: string, data: ArrayBuffer) => Promise<boolean>;
 }
 
 export type DesktopServerPrepareResult =
@@ -83,7 +173,7 @@ export interface DesktopLifecycleBridge {
    * Before a window closes or the app quits, the shell asks the page to save what
    * it has and waits a few seconds. A window with no handler closes at once.
    */
-  onFlushRequest: (handler: () => Promise<unknown>) => () => void;
+  onFlushRequest: (handler: () => Promise<DesktopFlushAnswer | unknown>) => () => void;
 }
 
 export type DesktopBrowserSignInResult =
@@ -190,6 +280,8 @@ export interface BulwarkDesktopBridge {
   theme?: DesktopThemeBridge;
   menu?: DesktopMenuBridge;
   shell?: DesktopShellBridge;
+  dialogs?: DesktopDialogsBridge;
+  clipboard?: DesktopClipboardBridge;
   lifecycle?: DesktopLifecycleBridge;
   servers?: DesktopServersBridge;
   auth?: DesktopAuthBridge;
diff --git a/lib/desktop/window-restore.ts b/lib/desktop/window-restore.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d09ed7038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/desktop/window-restore.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * What a composer comes back as when the app starts again: a pop-out on its draft.
+ * Each open composer says which draft it holds, as soon as it has one. The shell
+ * keeps the list per window. Closing a window drops its list, so a draft the user
+ * put away stays in Drafts and doesn't come back on screen. Quitting keeps it.
+ */
+
+import { appPath } from '@/lib/deep-links';
+import { getDesktopBridge } from './bridge';
+
+export interface OpenDraft {
+  draftId: string;
+  /** The login it was saved through. */
+  localAccountId?: string | null;
+  /** The JMAP account holding it, when not that login's own. */
+  ownerAccountId?: string | null;
+}
+
+const open = new Map<string, OpenDraft>();
+
+export function restoreUrlFor(draft: OpenDraft): string {
+  const search = new URLSearchParams({ draft: draft.draftId });
+  if (draft.localAccountId) search.set('account', draft.localAccountId);
+  if (draft.ownerAccountId) search.set('owner', draft.ownerAccountId);
+  return `${appPath('/popout/compose')}?${search.toString()}`;
+}
+
+/** With null, this composer holds no draft any more: sent, discarded or closed. */
+export function noteOpenDraft(key: string, draft: OpenDraft | null): void {
+  const windows = getDesktopBridge()?.windows;
+  if (!windows?.setRestore) return;
+  if (draft) open.set(key, draft);
+  else if (!open.delete(key)) return;
+  windows.setRestore([...open.values()].map(restoreUrlFor));
+}
+
+/** Test helper. */
+export function resetOpenDrafts(): void {
+  open.clear();
+}
diff --git a/lib/draft-composer-data.ts b/lib/draft-composer-data.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82eebc52d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/draft-composer-data.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import type { ComposerDraftData } from '@/components/email/email-composer';
+import { findDraftIdentityIdForLogin, type DraftSource } from '@/lib/draft-source';
+import { getDraftComposerBody } from '@/lib/email-body-selection';
+import type { Email, Identity } from '@/lib/jmap/types';
+import { messagePriorityFromHeaders } from '@/lib/message-priority';
+import { reopenedLabelChoice } from '@/lib/outgoing/classification';
+
+/**
+ * What a composer starts from when a saved draft is opened: from the list, or from
+ * last time the desktop app was running. `draft` has its full body.
+ */
+export function composerDataFromDraft(
+  draft: Email,
+  { accountId, localAccountId, identities, noSubject }: DraftSource & { identities: Identity[]; noSubject: string },
+): ComposerDraftData {
+  const { body, plainTextMode } = getDraftComposerBody(draft);
+  return {
+    to: draft.to?.map((a) => a.email).filter(Boolean).join(', ') || '',
+    cc: draft.cc?.map((a) => a.email).filter(Boolean).join(', ') || '',
+    bcc: draft.bcc?.map((a) => a.email).filter(Boolean).join(', ') || '',
+    // Drafts saved before #1189 stored an empty subject as the composer's
+    // "(No Subject)" placeholder; reopen those with an empty field.
+    subject: draft.subject && draft.subject !== noSubject ? draft.subject : '',
+    body,
+    // Re-open in the format the draft was written in (#1022).
+    plainTextMode,
+    showCc: (draft.cc?.length || 0) > 0,
+    showBcc: (draft.bcc?.length || 0) > 0,
+    // Restore the identity the draft was composed with: the saved From (name and
+    // address) against the list the composer renders, so a draft from a non-active
+    // account, or one of two identities sharing an address, isn't reset to the default.
+    selectedIdentityId: findDraftIdentityIdForLogin(identities, draft.from?.[0], localAccountId),
+    subAddressTag: '',
+    mode: 'compose',
+    draftId: draft.id,
+    draftAccountId: accountId,
+    draftLocalAccountId: localAccountId,
+    // A reply draft re-opens in compose mode; its threading headers must
+    // come along or the reply leaves its thread.
+    inReplyTo: draft.inReplyTo ?? undefined,
+    references: draft.references ?? undefined,
+    priority: messagePriorityFromHeaders(draft.headers),
+    // A sent message brought back (Undo, Cancel and edit) has no draft
+    // marker: its SIO-Label says which label it went out with.
+    classification: reopenedLabelChoice(draft.headers, localAccountId),
+    // Existing server-side attachments must ride along, or the composer
+    // starts empty and the next save/send silently rebuilds the draft
+    // without them (#849).
+    attachments: (draft.attachments ?? [])
+      .filter((a) => !!a.blobId)
+      .map((a) => ({
+        blobId: a.blobId,
+        name: a.name,
+        type: a.type,
+        size: a.size,
+        cid: a.cid,
+        disposition: a.disposition,
+      })),
+  };
+}
diff --git a/lib/popout/open.ts b/lib/popout/open.ts
index e1d51ea37..3cee94b3d 100644
--- a/lib/popout/open.ts
+++ b/lib/popout/open.ts
@@ -75,6 +75,12 @@ export function openMessageWindow(target: MessageWindowTarget): boolean {
   return focused(openWindow(messagePopoutUrl(target), `bulwark-message-${target.emailId.replace(/\W/g, '_')}`, 'message'));
 }
 
+/** A new message in its own window, with nothing to hand over. */
+export function openNewComposerWindow(localAccountId?: string | null): boolean {
+  const name = `bulwark-compose-new-${Date.now().toString(36)}`;
+  return focused(openWindow(appPath('/popout/compose') + query({ account: localAccountId }), name, 'compose'));
+}
+
 export interface ComposerWindow {
   /** Hands the draft over. True once the composer is on screen there; until then the sender keeps its copy. */
   handOver(payload: ComposePopoutPayload): Promise<boolean>;
diff --git a/lib/popout/window-role.ts b/lib/popout/window-role.ts
index de20ee6cf..3b1efe642 100644
--- a/lib/popout/window-role.ts
+++ b/lib/popout/window-role.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  * stores/auth-store.ts and stores/account-store.ts ask here.
  */
 
+import { getDesktopBridge } from '@/lib/desktop/bridge';
 import { withBasePath } from '@/lib/browser-navigation';
 import { locales } from '@/i18n/routing';
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ export function isPopoutPath(pathname: string): boolean {
   if (before.length > 0 && !(locales as readonly string[]).includes(before[before.length - 1])) return false;
   if (before.some((segment) => OTHER_SECTIONS.has(segment))) return false;
   const rest = segments.slice(at + 1);
-  return (rest.length === 1 && rest[0] === 'compose') || (rest.length === 2 && rest[0] === 'message');
+  return (rest.length === 1 && (rest[0] === 'compose' || rest[0] === 'spare')) || (rest.length === 2 && rest[0] === 'message');
 }
 
 export function isPopoutWindow(): boolean {
@@ -61,6 +62,13 @@ export function mainWindowStorage(): Pick<Storage, 'getItem' | 'setItem' | 'remo
  */
 export function closePopoutWindow(): void {
   if (typeof window === 'undefined') return;
+  // The desktop app closes it for us: however the window came to be, and past the
+  // shell's own bookkeeping. Whoever calls this has saved or discarded by now.
+  const closeSelf = getDesktopBridge()?.windows?.closeSelf;
+  if (closeSelf) {
+    closeSelf();
+    return;
+  }
   window.close();
   window.setTimeout(() => {
     if (!window.closed) window.location.replace(withBasePath('/'));
diff --git a/locales/ar/common.json b/locales/ar/common.json
index 654025307..b19d3aeeb 100644
--- a/locales/ar/common.json
+++ b/locales/ar/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "تم نقل هذه الرسالة إلى {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "لم تفتح النافذة الجديدة في الوقت المناسب. تبقى مسودتك هنا."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "النوافذ",
+      "double_click_label": "فتح الرسائل في نافذة جديدة بالنقر المزدوج",
+      "double_click_description": "النقرة الواحدة تفتح الرسالة بجانب القائمة كالمعتاد.",
+      "restore_label": "إعادة فتح النوافذ عند البدء",
+      "restore_description": "تعود نوافذ الرسائل والمسودات التي كانت مفتوحة عند الخروج."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "فتح",
+      "save_as": "حفظ باسم…",
+      "copy": "نسخ",
+      "copy_failed": "تعذّر نسخ الملف."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "سجّل الدخول باستخدام المتصفح",
     "browser_waiting": "أكمل تسجيل الدخول في المتصفح",
diff --git a/locales/ca/common.json b/locales/ca/common.json
index 0a9eb6fb2..b4c960e21 100644
--- a/locales/ca/common.json
+++ b/locales/ca/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Aquest missatge s’ha mogut a {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "La finestra nova no s’ha obert a temps. L’esborrany es queda aquí."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Finestres",
+      "double_click_label": "Obre els missatges en una finestra nova amb doble clic",
+      "double_click_description": "Un sol clic continua obrint el missatge al costat de la llista.",
+      "restore_label": "Torna a obrir les finestres en iniciar",
+      "restore_description": "Les finestres de missatges i esborranys obertes en sortir tornen a aparèixer."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Obre",
+      "save_as": "Desa com a…",
+      "copy": "Copia",
+      "copy_failed": "No s’ha pogut copiar el fitxer."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Inicia la sessió amb el navegador",
     "browser_waiting": "Acaba d'iniciar la sessió al navegador",
diff --git a/locales/cs/common.json b/locales/cs/common.json
index 18f0c03ee..28c8b0968 100644
--- a/locales/cs/common.json
+++ b/locales/cs/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Tato zpráva byla přesunuta do {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "Nové okno se neotevřelo včas. Koncept zůstává zde."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Okna",
+      "double_click_label": "Otevírat zprávy v novém okně dvojitým kliknutím",
+      "double_click_description": "Jedním kliknutím se zpráva dál otevře vedle seznamu.",
+      "restore_label": "Při spuštění znovu otevřít okna",
+      "restore_description": "Okna zpráv a konceptů otevřená při ukončení se znovu otevřou."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Otevřít",
+      "save_as": "Uložit jako…",
+      "copy": "Kopírovat",
+      "copy_failed": "Soubor se nepodařilo zkopírovat."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Přihlásit se v prohlížeči",
     "browser_waiting": "Dokončete přihlášení v prohlížeči",
diff --git a/locales/da/common.json b/locales/da/common.json
index 5578eeca0..e47034d0e 100644
--- a/locales/da/common.json
+++ b/locales/da/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Denne besked er flyttet til {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "Det nye vindue åbnede ikke i tide. Din kladde bliver her."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Vinduer",
+      "double_click_label": "Åbn beskeder i et nyt vindue ved dobbeltklik",
+      "double_click_description": "Et enkelt klik åbner stadig beskeden ved siden af listen.",
+      "restore_label": "Åbn vinduer igen ved start",
+      "restore_description": "Besked- og kladdevinduer, der var åbne, da du lukkede, kommer tilbage."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Åbn",
+      "save_as": "Gem som…",
+      "copy": "Kopiér",
+      "copy_failed": "Filen kunne ikke kopieres."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Log ind med din browser",
     "browser_waiting": "Gør login færdigt i din browser",
diff --git a/locales/de/common.json b/locales/de/common.json
index efb641f2b..ca3134e5d 100644
--- a/locales/de/common.json
+++ b/locales/de/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Diese Nachricht wurde nach {folder} verschoben.",
     "window_not_ready": "Das neue Fenster wurde nicht rechtzeitig geöffnet. Ihr Entwurf bleibt hier."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Fenster",
+      "double_click_label": "Nachrichten per Doppelklick in einem neuen Fenster öffnen",
+      "double_click_description": "Ein einfacher Klick öffnet die Nachricht weiterhin neben der Liste.",
+      "restore_label": "Fenster beim Start wieder öffnen",
+      "restore_description": "Nachrichten- und Entwurfsfenster, die beim Beenden offen waren, werden wieder geöffnet."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Öffnen",
+      "save_as": "Speichern unter…",
+      "copy": "Kopieren",
+      "copy_failed": "Die Datei konnte nicht kopiert werden."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Mit dem Browser anmelden",
     "browser_waiting": "Schließen Sie die Anmeldung im Browser ab",
diff --git a/locales/en/common.json b/locales/en/common.json
index 7728594e1..e178107a0 100644
--- a/locales/en/common.json
+++ b/locales/en/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "This message was moved to {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "The new window did not open in time. Your draft stays here."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Windows",
+      "double_click_label": "Open messages in a new window on double-click",
+      "double_click_description": "A single click still opens the message next to the list.",
+      "restore_label": "Reopen windows at start",
+      "restore_description": "Message and draft windows that were open when you quit come back."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Open",
+      "save_as": "Save as…",
+      "copy": "Copy",
+      "copy_failed": "The file could not be copied."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Sign in with your browser",
     "browser_waiting": "Finish signing in in your browser",
diff --git a/locales/es/common.json b/locales/es/common.json
index 5a2af15a4..92ae5cfc1 100644
--- a/locales/es/common.json
+++ b/locales/es/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Este mensaje se movió a {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "La ventana nueva no se abrió a tiempo. Tu borrador se queda aquí."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Ventanas",
+      "double_click_label": "Abrir mensajes en una ventana nueva con doble clic",
+      "double_click_description": "Un solo clic sigue abriendo el mensaje junto a la lista.",
+      "restore_label": "Volver a abrir las ventanas al iniciar",
+      "restore_description": "Las ventanas de mensajes y borradores abiertas al salir vuelven a aparecer."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Abrir",
+      "save_as": "Guardar como…",
+      "copy": "Copiar",
+      "copy_failed": "No se pudo copiar el archivo."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Iniciar sesión con el navegador",
     "browser_waiting": "Termina de iniciar sesión en el navegador",
diff --git a/locales/et/common.json b/locales/et/common.json
index b5ce8e291..af5abde97 100644
--- a/locales/et/common.json
+++ b/locales/et/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "See kiri teisaldati kausta {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "Uus aken ei avanenud õigeks ajaks. Mustand jääb siia."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Aknad",
+      "double_click_label": "Ava kirjad topeltklõpsuga uues aknas",
+      "double_click_description": "Üks klõps avab kirja endiselt loendi kõrval.",
+      "restore_label": "Ava aknad käivitamisel uuesti",
+      "restore_description": "Kirja- ja mustandiaknad, mis olid väljumisel avatud, tulevad tagasi."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Ava",
+      "save_as": "Salvesta nimega…",
+      "copy": "Kopeeri",
+      "copy_failed": "Faili ei saanud kopeerida."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Logi sisse brauseriga",
     "browser_waiting": "Lõpeta sisselogimine brauseris",
diff --git a/locales/fa/common.json b/locales/fa/common.json
index 22a2c1d43..b25da5a9b 100644
--- a/locales/fa/common.json
+++ b/locales/fa/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "این پیام به {folder} منتقل شد.",
     "window_not_ready": "پنجرهٔ جدید به‌موقع باز نشد. پیش‌نویس شما همین‌جا می‌ماند."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "پنجره‌ها",
+      "double_click_label": "باز کردن پیام‌ها در پنجرهٔ جدید با دوبار کلیک",
+      "double_click_description": "یک کلیک همچنان پیام را کنار فهرست باز می‌کند.",
+      "restore_label": "باز کردن دوبارهٔ پنجره‌ها هنگام شروع",
+      "restore_description": "پنجره‌های پیام و پیش‌نویس که هنگام خروج باز بودند برمی‌گردند."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "باز کردن",
+      "save_as": "ذخیره با نام…",
+      "copy": "کپی",
+      "copy_failed": "فایل کپی نشد."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "ورود با مرورگر",
     "browser_waiting": "ورود را در مرورگر کامل کنید",
diff --git a/locales/fr/common.json b/locales/fr/common.json
index e30800b16..a283bf2a2 100644
--- a/locales/fr/common.json
+++ b/locales/fr/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Ce message a été déplacé vers {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "La nouvelle fenêtre ne s’est pas ouverte à temps. Votre brouillon reste ici."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Fenêtres",
+      "double_click_label": "Ouvrir les messages dans une nouvelle fenêtre par double-clic",
+      "double_click_description": "Un simple clic ouvre toujours le message à côté de la liste.",
+      "restore_label": "Rouvrir les fenêtres au démarrage",
+      "restore_description": "Les fenêtres de messages et de brouillons ouvertes à la fermeture reviennent."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Ouvrir",
+      "save_as": "Enregistrer sous…",
+      "copy": "Copier",
+      "copy_failed": "Impossible de copier le fichier."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Se connecter avec le navigateur",
     "browser_waiting": "Terminez la connexion dans votre navigateur",
diff --git a/locales/he/common.json b/locales/he/common.json
index 571f30e34..8ca0148b4 100644
--- a/locales/he/common.json
+++ b/locales/he/common.json
@@ -6546,6 +6546,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "ההודעה הזו הועברה אל {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "החלון החדש לא נפתח בזמן. הטיוטה נשארת כאן."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "חלונות",
+      "double_click_label": "פתיחת הודעות בחלון חדש בלחיצה כפולה",
+      "double_click_description": "לחיצה אחת עדיין פותחת את ההודעה ליד הרשימה.",
+      "restore_label": "פתיחה מחדש של חלונות בהפעלה",
+      "restore_description": "חלונות הודעות וטיוטות שהיו פתוחים ביציאה חוזרים."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "פתיחה",
+      "save_as": "שמירה בשם…",
+      "copy": "העתקה",
+      "copy_failed": "לא ניתן היה להעתיק את הקובץ."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "כניסה באמצעות הדפדפן",
     "browser_waiting": "יש להשלים את הכניסה בדפדפן",
diff --git a/locales/hu/common.json b/locales/hu/common.json
index 2ab59129e..0459a57b5 100644
--- a/locales/hu/common.json
+++ b/locales/hu/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Ezt az üzenetet ide helyezték át: {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "Az új ablak nem nyílt meg időben. A piszkozat itt marad."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Ablakok",
+      "double_click_label": "Üzenetek megnyitása új ablakban dupla kattintással",
+      "double_click_description": "Egy kattintás továbbra is a lista mellett nyitja meg az üzenetet.",
+      "restore_label": "Ablakok újranyitása indításkor",
+      "restore_description": "A kilépéskor nyitva lévő üzenet- és piszkozatablakok visszatérnek."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Megnyitás",
+      "save_as": "Mentés másként…",
+      "copy": "Másolás",
+      "copy_failed": "A fájlt nem sikerült másolni."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Bejelentkezés böngészővel",
     "browser_waiting": "Fejezze be a bejelentkezést a böngészőben",
diff --git a/locales/it/common.json b/locales/it/common.json
index a861d3390..95db2212c 100644
--- a/locales/it/common.json
+++ b/locales/it/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Questo messaggio è stato spostato in {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "La nuova finestra non si è aperta in tempo. La bozza rimane qui."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Finestre",
+      "double_click_label": "Apri i messaggi in una nuova finestra con il doppio clic",
+      "double_click_description": "Un solo clic apre comunque il messaggio accanto all’elenco.",
+      "restore_label": "Riapri le finestre all’avvio",
+      "restore_description": "Le finestre di messaggi e bozze aperte all’uscita tornano."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Apri",
+      "save_as": "Salva con nome…",
+      "copy": "Copia",
+      "copy_failed": "Impossibile copiare il file."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Accedi con il browser",
     "browser_waiting": "Completa l'accesso nel browser",
diff --git a/locales/ja/common.json b/locales/ja/common.json
index 0606617f1..78070a2f8 100644
--- a/locales/ja/common.json
+++ b/locales/ja/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "このメッセージは {folder} に移動されました。",
     "window_not_ready": "新しいウィンドウが時間内に開きませんでした。下書きはここに残ります。"
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "ウィンドウ",
+      "double_click_label": "ダブルクリックでメッセージを新しいウィンドウで開く",
+      "double_click_description": "シングルクリックでは、これまでどおりリストの横に開きます。",
+      "restore_label": "起動時にウィンドウを再び開く",
+      "restore_description": "終了時に開いていたメッセージと下書きのウィンドウが戻ります。"
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "開く",
+      "save_as": "名前を付けて保存…",
+      "copy": "コピー",
+      "copy_failed": "ファイルをコピーできませんでした。"
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "ブラウザでサインイン",
     "browser_waiting": "ブラウザでサインインを完了してください",
diff --git a/locales/ko/common.json b/locales/ko/common.json
index 7e0daa574..96a87153f 100644
--- a/locales/ko/common.json
+++ b/locales/ko/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "이 메시지는 {folder}(으)로 이동되었습니다.",
     "window_not_ready": "새 창이 제때 열리지 않았습니다. 임시 보관 메일은 여기에 남아 있습니다."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "창",
+      "double_click_label": "두 번 클릭하면 메시지를 새 창에서 열기",
+      "double_click_description": "한 번 클릭하면 지금처럼 목록 옆에 메시지가 열립니다.",
+      "restore_label": "시작할 때 창 다시 열기",
+      "restore_description": "종료할 때 열려 있던 메시지와 임시보관 창이 다시 열립니다."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "열기",
+      "save_as": "다른 이름으로 저장…",
+      "copy": "복사",
+      "copy_failed": "파일을 복사할 수 없습니다."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "브라우저로 로그인",
     "browser_waiting": "브라우저에서 로그인을 마치세요",
diff --git a/locales/lv/common.json b/locales/lv/common.json
index 05939fbc0..1ca156d61 100644
--- a/locales/lv/common.json
+++ b/locales/lv/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Šis ziņojums tika pārvietots uz {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "Jaunais logs neatvērās laikus. Melnraksts paliek šeit."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Logi",
+      "double_click_label": "Atvērt ziņojumus jaunā logā ar dubultklikšķi",
+      "double_click_description": "Viens klikšķis joprojām atver ziņojumu blakus sarakstam.",
+      "restore_label": "Startējot atkal atvērt logus",
+      "restore_description": "Ziņojumu un melnrakstu logi, kas bija atvērti izejot, atgriežas."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Atvērt",
+      "save_as": "Saglabāt kā…",
+      "copy": "Kopēt",
+      "copy_failed": "Failu neizdevās nokopēt."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Pierakstīties ar pārlūku",
     "browser_waiting": "Pabeidziet pierakstīšanos pārlūkā",
diff --git a/locales/mn/common.json b/locales/mn/common.json
index dfa942d34..52cc39b48 100644
--- a/locales/mn/common.json
+++ b/locales/mn/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Энэ мессежийг {folder} руу зөөсөн.",
     "window_not_ready": "Шинэ цонх цагтаа нээгдсэнгүй. Таны ноорог энд үлдэнэ."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Цонх",
+      "double_click_label": "Давхар товшиход мессежийг шинэ цонхонд нээх",
+      "double_click_description": "Нэг товшилт мессежийг жагсаалтын хажууд нээсээр байна.",
+      "restore_label": "Эхлэхэд цонхнуудыг дахин нээх",
+      "restore_description": "Гарах үед нээлттэй байсан мессеж, ноорог цонхнууд буцаж нээгдэнэ."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Нээх",
+      "save_as": "Өөрөөр хадгалах…",
+      "copy": "Хуулах",
+      "copy_failed": "Файлыг хуулж чадсангүй."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Хөтчөөр нэвтрэх",
     "browser_waiting": "Нэвтрэлтээ хөтөч дээр дуусгана уу",
diff --git a/locales/nb/common.json b/locales/nb/common.json
index a0002acca..0d7083171 100644
--- a/locales/nb/common.json
+++ b/locales/nb/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Denne meldingen ble flyttet til {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "Det nye vinduet åpnet seg ikke i tide. Utkastet blir her."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Vinduer",
+      "double_click_label": "Åpne meldinger i et nytt vindu ved dobbeltklikk",
+      "double_click_description": "Et enkelt klikk åpner fortsatt meldingen ved siden av listen.",
+      "restore_label": "Åpne vinduer på nytt ved start",
+      "restore_description": "Meldings- og utkastvinduer som var åpne da du avsluttet, kommer tilbake."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Åpne",
+      "save_as": "Lagre som…",
+      "copy": "Kopier",
+      "copy_failed": "Filen kunne ikke kopieres."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Logg på med nettleseren",
     "browser_waiting": "Fullfør påloggingen i nettleseren",
diff --git a/locales/nl/common.json b/locales/nl/common.json
index 5524a36da..b0e75ada3 100644
--- a/locales/nl/common.json
+++ b/locales/nl/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Dit bericht is verplaatst naar {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "Het nieuwe venster is niet op tijd geopend. Je concept blijft hier."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Vensters",
+      "double_click_label": "Berichten openen in een nieuw venster met dubbelklikken",
+      "double_click_description": "Eén klik opent het bericht nog steeds naast de lijst.",
+      "restore_label": "Vensters opnieuw openen bij het starten",
+      "restore_description": "Bericht- en conceptvensters die open waren bij het afsluiten, komen terug."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Openen",
+      "save_as": "Opslaan als…",
+      "copy": "Kopiëren",
+      "copy_failed": "Het bestand kon niet worden gekopieerd."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Inloggen met je browser",
     "browser_waiting": "Rond het inloggen af in je browser",
diff --git a/locales/pl/common.json b/locales/pl/common.json
index fa5b5481e..eb4f9f8fc 100644
--- a/locales/pl/common.json
+++ b/locales/pl/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Ta wiadomość została przeniesiona do {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "Nowe okno nie otworzyło się na czas. Twój szkic zostaje tutaj."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Okna",
+      "double_click_label": "Otwieraj wiadomości w nowym oknie po dwukrotnym kliknięciu",
+      "double_click_description": "Pojedyncze kliknięcie nadal otwiera wiadomość obok listy.",
+      "restore_label": "Otwieraj okna ponownie przy starcie",
+      "restore_description": "Okna wiadomości i wersji roboczych otwarte przy zamykaniu wrócą."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Otwórz",
+      "save_as": "Zapisz jako…",
+      "copy": "Kopiuj",
+      "copy_failed": "Nie udało się skopiować pliku."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Zaloguj się w przeglądarce",
     "browser_waiting": "Dokończ logowanie w przeglądarce",
diff --git a/locales/pt/common.json b/locales/pt/common.json
index 87a2e2ff1..5235f5317 100644
--- a/locales/pt/common.json
+++ b/locales/pt/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Esta mensagem foi movida para {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "A nova janela não abriu a tempo. O seu rascunho fica aqui."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Janelas",
+      "double_click_label": "Abrir mensagens numa nova janela com duplo clique",
+      "double_click_description": "Um único clique continua a abrir a mensagem junto à lista.",
+      "restore_label": "Reabrir janelas ao iniciar",
+      "restore_description": "As janelas de mensagens e rascunhos abertas ao sair voltam a aparecer."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Abrir",
+      "save_as": "Guardar como…",
+      "copy": "Copiar",
+      "copy_failed": "Não foi possível copiar o ficheiro."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Entrar com o navegador",
     "browser_waiting": "Termine de entrar no navegador",
diff --git a/locales/ro/common.json b/locales/ro/common.json
index 80c31fa28..5076823a5 100644
--- a/locales/ro/common.json
+++ b/locales/ro/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Acest mesaj a fost mutat în {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "Fereastra nouă nu s-a deschis la timp. Ciorna rămâne aici."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Ferestre",
+      "double_click_label": "Deschide mesajele într-o fereastră nouă la dublu clic",
+      "double_click_description": "Un singur clic deschide în continuare mesajul lângă listă.",
+      "restore_label": "Redeschide ferestrele la pornire",
+      "restore_description": "Ferestrele de mesaje și ciorne deschise la ieșire revin."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Deschide",
+      "save_as": "Salvează ca…",
+      "copy": "Copiază",
+      "copy_failed": "Fișierul nu a putut fi copiat."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Conectează-te cu browserul",
     "browser_waiting": "Finalizează conectarea în browser",
diff --git a/locales/ru/common.json b/locales/ru/common.json
index 55510f4c8..05ce8b7b8 100644
--- a/locales/ru/common.json
+++ b/locales/ru/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Это письмо перемещено в {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "Новое окно не открылось вовремя. Черновик остаётся здесь."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Окна",
+      "double_click_label": "Открывать письма в новом окне двойным щелчком",
+      "double_click_description": "Одиночный щелчок по-прежнему открывает письмо рядом со списком.",
+      "restore_label": "Снова открывать окна при запуске",
+      "restore_description": "Окна писем и черновиков, открытые при выходе, вернутся."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Открыть",
+      "save_as": "Сохранить как…",
+      "copy": "Копировать",
+      "copy_failed": "Не удалось скопировать файл."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Войти через браузер",
     "browser_waiting": "Завершите вход в браузере",
diff --git a/locales/sk/common.json b/locales/sk/common.json
index 9e12b12d2..392915139 100644
--- a/locales/sk/common.json
+++ b/locales/sk/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Táto správa bola presunutá do {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "Nové okno sa neotvorilo včas. Koncept zostáva tu."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Okná",
+      "double_click_label": "Otvárať správy v novom okne dvojitým kliknutím",
+      "double_click_description": "Jedným kliknutím sa správa stále otvorí vedľa zoznamu.",
+      "restore_label": "Pri spustení znova otvoriť okná",
+      "restore_description": "Okná správ a konceptov otvorené pri ukončení sa vrátia."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Otvoriť",
+      "save_as": "Uložiť ako…",
+      "copy": "Kopírovať",
+      "copy_failed": "Súbor sa nepodarilo skopírovať."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Prihlásiť sa v prehliadači",
     "browser_waiting": "Dokončite prihlásenie v prehliadači",
diff --git a/locales/th/common.json b/locales/th/common.json
index 0be3db9db..0c34470ff 100644
--- a/locales/th/common.json
+++ b/locales/th/common.json
@@ -6553,6 +6553,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "ข้อความนี้ถูกย้ายไปยัง {folder}",
     "window_not_ready": "หน้าต่างใหม่เปิดไม่ทัน แบบร่างของคุณยังอยู่ที่นี่"
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "หน้าต่าง",
+      "double_click_label": "เปิดข้อความในหน้าต่างใหม่เมื่อดับเบิลคลิก",
+      "double_click_description": "คลิกครั้งเดียวยังคงเปิดข้อความข้างรายการ",
+      "restore_label": "เปิดหน้าต่างอีกครั้งเมื่อเริ่มต้น",
+      "restore_description": "หน้าต่างข้อความและฉบับร่างที่เปิดอยู่ตอนออกจะกลับมา"
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "เปิด",
+      "save_as": "บันทึกเป็น…",
+      "copy": "คัดลอก",
+      "copy_failed": "คัดลอกไฟล์ไม่ได้"
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "ลงชื่อเข้าใช้ด้วยเบราว์เซอร์",
     "browser_waiting": "ลงชื่อเข้าใช้ให้เสร็จในเบราว์เซอร์",
diff --git a/locales/tr/common.json b/locales/tr/common.json
index fa74d9864..5e5365633 100644
--- a/locales/tr/common.json
+++ b/locales/tr/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Bu ileti {folder} klasörüne taşındı.",
     "window_not_ready": "Yeni pencere zamanında açılmadı. Taslağınız burada kalıyor."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Pencereler",
+      "double_click_label": "İletileri çift tıklamayla yeni pencerede aç",
+      "double_click_description": "Tek tıklama iletiyi yine listenin yanında açar.",
+      "restore_label": "Başlangıçta pencereleri yeniden aç",
+      "restore_description": "Çıkarken açık olan ileti ve taslak pencereleri geri gelir."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Aç",
+      "save_as": "Farklı kaydet…",
+      "copy": "Kopyala",
+      "copy_failed": "Dosya kopyalanamadı."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Tarayıcıyla oturum aç",
     "browser_waiting": "Oturum açmayı tarayıcınızda tamamlayın",
diff --git a/locales/uk/common.json b/locales/uk/common.json
index 391a5c203..9d6aaed35 100644
--- a/locales/uk/common.json
+++ b/locales/uk/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Цього листа переміщено в {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "Нове вікно не відкрилося вчасно. Чернетка залишається тут."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Вікна",
+      "double_click_label": "Відкривати листи в новому вікні подвійним клацанням",
+      "double_click_description": "Одне клацання, як і раніше, відкриває лист поруч зі списком.",
+      "restore_label": "Знову відкривати вікна під час запуску",
+      "restore_description": "Вікна листів і чернеток, відкриті під час виходу, повернуться."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Відкрити",
+      "save_as": "Зберегти як…",
+      "copy": "Копіювати",
+      "copy_failed": "Не вдалося скопіювати файл."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Увійти через браузер",
     "browser_waiting": "Завершіть вхід у браузері",
diff --git a/locales/vi/common.json b/locales/vi/common.json
index 347fe2cd0..2076cdb65 100644
--- a/locales/vi/common.json
+++ b/locales/vi/common.json
@@ -6557,6 +6557,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "Thư này đã được chuyển đến {folder}.",
     "window_not_ready": "Cửa sổ mới không mở kịp. Bản nháp của bạn vẫn ở đây."
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Cửa sổ",
+      "double_click_label": "Mở thư trong cửa sổ mới khi nhấp đúp",
+      "double_click_description": "Nhấp một lần vẫn mở thư bên cạnh danh sách.",
+      "restore_label": "Mở lại cửa sổ khi khởi động",
+      "restore_description": "Các cửa sổ thư và bản nháp đang mở khi thoát sẽ trở lại."
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "Mở",
+      "save_as": "Lưu thành…",
+      "copy": "Sao chép",
+      "copy_failed": "Không thể sao chép tệp."
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "Đăng nhập bằng trình duyệt",
     "browser_waiting": "Hoàn tất đăng nhập trong trình duyệt",
diff --git a/locales/zh-TW/common.json b/locales/zh-TW/common.json
index 97dacbb06..53eefab4f 100644
--- a/locales/zh-TW/common.json
+++ b/locales/zh-TW/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "這封郵件已移到 {folder}。",
     "window_not_ready": "新視窗未能及時開啟。你的草稿仍保留在這裡。"
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "視窗",
+      "double_click_label": "按兩下時在新視窗中開啟郵件",
+      "double_click_description": "按一下仍會在清單旁開啟郵件。",
+      "restore_label": "啟動時重新開啟視窗",
+      "restore_description": "結束時開啟的郵件和草稿視窗會恢復。"
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "開啟",
+      "save_as": "另存新檔…",
+      "copy": "複製",
+      "copy_failed": "無法複製檔案。"
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "使用瀏覽器登入",
     "browser_waiting": "請在瀏覽器中完成登入",
diff --git a/locales/zh/common.json b/locales/zh/common.json
index de9e40f3c..770f679eb 100644
--- a/locales/zh/common.json
+++ b/locales/zh/common.json
@@ -6545,6 +6545,21 @@
     "message_moved_to": "这封邮件已移动到 {folder}。",
     "window_not_ready": "新窗口未能及时打开。你的草稿仍保留在这里。"
   },
+  "desktopUi": {
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "窗口",
+      "double_click_label": "双击时在新窗口中打开邮件",
+      "double_click_description": "单击仍会在列表旁打开邮件。",
+      "restore_label": "启动时重新打开窗口",
+      "restore_description": "退出时打开的邮件和草稿窗口会恢复。"
+    },
+    "attachment": {
+      "open": "打开",
+      "save_as": "另存为…",
+      "copy": "复制",
+      "copy_failed": "无法复制文件。"
+    }
+  },
   "desktop_sign_in": {
     "browser_button": "使用浏览器登录",
     "browser_waiting": "请在浏览器中完成登录",