refactor: remove Vectors from RecordBatch completely (#7184)

* refactor: remove `Vector`s from `RecordBatch` completely

Signed-off-by: luofucong <luofc@foxmail.com>

* resolve PR comments

Signed-off-by: luofucong <luofc@foxmail.com>

* resolve PR comments

Signed-off-by: luofucong <luofc@foxmail.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: luofucong <luofc@foxmail.com>

src/client/src/database.rs

@@ -435,10 +435,10 @@ impl Database {
                             .context(ExternalSnafu)?;
                         match flight_message {
                             FlightMessage::RecordBatch(arrow_batch) => {
-                                yield RecordBatch::try_from_df_record_batch(
+                                yield Ok(RecordBatch::from_df_record_batch(
                                     schema_cloned.clone(),
                                     arrow_batch,
-                                )
+                                ))
                             }
                             FlightMessage::Metrics(_) => {}
                             FlightMessage::AffectedRows(_) | FlightMessage::Schema(_) => {

src/client/src/region.rs

@@ -182,10 +182,8 @@ impl RegionRequester {
 
                 match flight_message {
                     FlightMessage::RecordBatch(record_batch) => {
-                        let result_to_yield = RecordBatch::try_from_df_record_batch(
-                            schema_cloned.clone(),
-                            record_batch,
-                        );
+                        let result_to_yield =
+                            RecordBatch::from_df_record_batch(schema_cloned.clone(), record_batch);
 
                         // get the next message from the stream. normally it should be a metrics message.
                         if let Some(next_flight_message_result) = flight_message_stream.next().await
@@ -219,7 +217,7 @@ impl RegionRequester {
                             stream_ended = true;
                         }
 
-                        yield result_to_yield;
+                        yield Ok(result_to_yield);
                     }
                     FlightMessage::Metrics(s) => {
                         // just a branch in case of some metrics message comes after other things.

src/common/query/src/error.rs

@@ -52,9 +52,6 @@ pub enum Error {
         data_type: ArrowDatatype,
     },
 
-    #[snafu(display("Failed to downcast vector: {}", err_msg))]
-    DowncastVector { err_msg: String },
-
     #[snafu(display("Invalid input type: {}", err_msg))]
     InvalidInputType {
         #[snafu(implicit)]
@@ -209,8 +206,7 @@ pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
 impl ErrorExt for Error {
     fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
         match self {
-            Error::DowncastVector { .. }
-            | Error::InvalidInputState { .. }
+            Error::InvalidInputState { .. }
             | Error::ToScalarValue { .. }
             | Error::GetScalarVector { .. }
             | Error::ArrowCompute { .. }

src/common/recordbatch/src/adapter.rs

@@ -314,10 +314,10 @@ impl Stream for RecordBatchStreamAdapter {
                         metric_collector.record_batch_metrics,
                     );
                 }
-                Poll::Ready(Some(RecordBatch::try_from_df_record_batch(
+                Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(RecordBatch::from_df_record_batch(
                     self.schema(),
                     df_record_batch,
-                )))
+                ))))
             }
             Poll::Ready(None) => {
                 if let Metrics::Unresolved(df_plan) | Metrics::PartialResolved(df_plan, _) =

src/common/recordbatch/src/error.rs

@@ -133,18 +133,6 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: datatypes::error::Error,
     },
 
-    #[snafu(display(
-        "Failed to downcast vector of type '{:?}' to type '{:?}'",
-        from_type,
-        to_type
-    ))]
-    DowncastVector {
-        from_type: ConcreteDataType,
-        to_type: ConcreteDataType,
-        #[snafu(implicit)]
-        location: Location,
-    },
-
     #[snafu(display("Error occurs when performing arrow computation"))]
     ArrowCompute {
         #[snafu(source)]
@@ -217,8 +205,6 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             | Error::PhysicalExpr { .. }
             | Error::RecordBatchSliceIndexOverflow { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
 
-            Error::DowncastVector { .. } => StatusCode::Unexpected,
-
             Error::PollStream { .. } => StatusCode::EngineExecuteQuery,
 
             Error::ArrowCompute { .. } => StatusCode::IllegalState,

src/common/recordbatch/src/lib.rs

@@ -30,19 +30,20 @@ use adapter::RecordBatchMetrics;
 use arc_swap::ArcSwapOption;
 use common_base::readable_size::ReadableSize;
 pub use datafusion::physical_plan::SendableRecordBatchStream as DfSendableRecordBatchStream;
+use datatypes::arrow::array::{ArrayRef, AsArray, StringBuilder};
 use datatypes::arrow::compute::SortOptions;
 pub use datatypes::arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch as DfRecordBatch;
 use datatypes::arrow::util::pretty;
 use datatypes::prelude::{ConcreteDataType, VectorRef};
-use datatypes::scalars::{ScalarVector, ScalarVectorBuilder};
 use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, Schema, SchemaRef};
 use datatypes::types::{JsonFormat, jsonb_to_string};
-use datatypes::vectors::{BinaryVector, StringVectorBuilder};
 use error::Result;
 use futures::task::{Context, Poll};
 use futures::{Stream, TryStreamExt};
 pub use recordbatch::RecordBatch;
-use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt, ensure};
+use snafu::{ResultExt, ensure};
+
+use crate::error::NewDfRecordBatchSnafu;
 
 pub trait RecordBatchStream: Stream<Item = Result<RecordBatch>> {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
@@ -92,20 +93,14 @@ pub fn map_json_type_to_string(
     mapped_schema: &SchemaRef,
 ) -> Result<RecordBatch> {
     let mut vectors = Vec::with_capacity(original_schema.column_schemas().len());
-    for (vector, schema) in batch.columns.iter().zip(original_schema.column_schemas()) {
+    for (vector, schema) in batch.columns().iter().zip(original_schema.column_schemas()) {
         if let ConcreteDataType::Json(j) = &schema.data_type {
             if matches!(&j.format, JsonFormat::Jsonb) {
-                let mut string_vector_builder = StringVectorBuilder::with_capacity(vector.len());
-                let binary_vector = vector
-                    .as_any()
-                    .downcast_ref::<BinaryVector>()
-                    .with_context(|| error::DowncastVectorSnafu {
-                        from_type: schema.data_type.clone(),
-                        to_type: ConcreteDataType::binary_datatype(),
-                    })?;
-                for value in binary_vector.iter_data() {
+                let mut string_vector_builder = StringBuilder::new();
+                let binary_vector = vector.as_binary::<i32>();
+                for value in binary_vector.iter() {
                     let Some(value) = value else {
-                        string_vector_builder.push(None);
+                        string_vector_builder.append_null();
                         continue;
                     };
                     let string_value =
@@ -113,11 +108,11 @@ pub fn map_json_type_to_string(
                             from_type: schema.data_type.clone(),
                             to_type: ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(),
                         })?;
-                    string_vector_builder.push(Some(string_value.as_str()));
+                    string_vector_builder.append_value(string_value);
                 }
 
                 let string_vector = string_vector_builder.finish();
-                vectors.push(Arc::new(string_vector) as VectorRef);
+                vectors.push(Arc::new(string_vector) as ArrayRef);
             } else {
                 vectors.push(vector.clone());
             }
@@ -126,7 +121,15 @@ pub fn map_json_type_to_string(
         }
     }
 
-    RecordBatch::new(mapped_schema.clone(), vectors)
+    let record_batch = datatypes::arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch::try_new(
+        mapped_schema.arrow_schema().clone(),
+        vectors,
+    )
+    .context(NewDfRecordBatchSnafu)?;
+    Ok(RecordBatch::from_df_record_batch(
+        mapped_schema.clone(),
+        record_batch,
+    ))
 }
 
 /// Maps the json type to string in the schema.
@@ -755,11 +758,7 @@ impl Stream for MemoryTrackedStream {
     fn poll_next(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
         match Pin::new(&mut self.inner).poll_next(cx) {
             Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(batch))) => {
-                let additional = batch
-                    .columns()
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|c| c.memory_size())
-                    .sum::<usize>();
+                let additional = batch.buffer_memory_size();
 
                 if let Err(e) = self.permit.track(additional, self.total_tracked) {
                     return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(e)));

src/common/recordbatch/src/recordbatch.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use datafusion::arrow::util::pretty::pretty_format_batches;
 use datafusion_common::arrow::array::ArrayRef;
 use datafusion_common::arrow::compute;
 use datafusion_common::arrow::datatypes::{DataType as ArrowDataType, SchemaRef as ArrowSchemaRef};
-use datatypes::arrow::array::RecordBatchOptions;
+use datatypes::arrow::array::{Array, AsArray, RecordBatchOptions};
 use datatypes::prelude::DataType;
 use datatypes::schema::SchemaRef;
 use datatypes::vectors::{Helper, VectorRef};
@@ -30,15 +30,14 @@ use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt, ensure};
 
 use crate::DfRecordBatch;
 use crate::error::{
-    self, ArrowComputeSnafu, CastVectorSnafu, ColumnNotExistsSnafu, DataTypesSnafu,
-    ProjectArrowRecordBatchSnafu, Result,
+    self, ArrowComputeSnafu, ColumnNotExistsSnafu, DataTypesSnafu, ProjectArrowRecordBatchSnafu,
+    Result,
 };
 
 /// A two-dimensional batch of column-oriented data with a defined schema.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct RecordBatch {
     pub schema: SchemaRef,
-    pub columns: Vec<VectorRef>,
     df_record_batch: DfRecordBatch,
 }
 
@@ -65,7 +64,6 @@ impl RecordBatch {
 
         Ok(RecordBatch {
             schema,
-            columns,
             df_record_batch,
         })
     }
@@ -91,14 +89,8 @@ impl RecordBatch {
     /// Create an empty [`RecordBatch`] from `schema`.
     pub fn new_empty(schema: SchemaRef) -> RecordBatch {
         let df_record_batch = DfRecordBatch::new_empty(schema.arrow_schema().clone());
-        let columns = schema
-            .column_schemas()
-            .iter()
-            .map(|col| col.data_type.create_mutable_vector(0).to_vector())
-            .collect();
         RecordBatch {
             schema,
-            columns,
             df_record_batch,
         }
     }
@@ -113,17 +105,12 @@ impl RecordBatch {
         .context(error::NewDfRecordBatchSnafu)?;
         Ok(RecordBatch {
             schema,
-            columns: vec![],
             df_record_batch,
         })
     }
 
     pub fn try_project(&self, indices: &[usize]) -> Result<Self> {
         let schema = Arc::new(self.schema.try_project(indices).context(DataTypesSnafu)?);
-        let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(indices.len());
-        for index in indices {
-            columns.push(self.columns[*index].clone());
-        }
         let df_record_batch = self.df_record_batch.project(indices).with_context(|_| {
             ProjectArrowRecordBatchSnafu {
                 schema: self.schema.clone(),
@@ -133,7 +120,6 @@ impl RecordBatch {
 
         Ok(Self {
             schema,
-            columns,
             df_record_batch,
         })
     }
@@ -141,21 +127,11 @@ impl RecordBatch {
     /// Create a new [`RecordBatch`] from `schema` and `df_record_batch`.
     ///
     /// This method doesn't check the schema.
-    pub fn try_from_df_record_batch(
-        schema: SchemaRef,
-        df_record_batch: DfRecordBatch,
-    ) -> Result<RecordBatch> {
-        let columns = df_record_batch
-            .columns()
-            .iter()
-            .map(|c| Helper::try_into_vector(c.clone()).context(error::DataTypesSnafu))
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
-
-        Ok(RecordBatch {
+    pub fn from_df_record_batch(schema: SchemaRef, df_record_batch: DfRecordBatch) -> RecordBatch {
+        RecordBatch {
             schema,
-            columns,
             df_record_batch,
-        })
+        }
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -169,23 +145,22 @@ impl RecordBatch {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn columns(&self) -> &[VectorRef] {
-        &self.columns
+    pub fn columns(&self) -> &[ArrayRef] {
+        self.df_record_batch.columns()
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn column(&self, idx: usize) -> &VectorRef {
-        &self.columns[idx]
+    pub fn column(&self, idx: usize) -> &ArrayRef {
+        self.df_record_batch.column(idx)
     }
 
-    pub fn column_by_name(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&VectorRef> {
-        let idx = self.schema.column_index_by_name(name)?;
-        Some(&self.columns[idx])
+    pub fn column_by_name(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&ArrayRef> {
+        self.df_record_batch.column_by_name(name)
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn num_columns(&self) -> usize {
-        self.columns.len()
+        self.df_record_batch.num_columns()
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -201,9 +176,14 @@ impl RecordBatch {
         let mut vectors = HashMap::with_capacity(self.num_columns());
 
         // column schemas in recordbatch must match its vectors, otherwise it's corrupted
-        for (vector_schema, vector) in self.schema.column_schemas().iter().zip(self.columns.iter())
+        for (field, array) in self
+            .df_record_batch
+            .schema()
+            .fields()
+            .iter()
+            .zip(self.df_record_batch.columns().iter())
         {
-            let column_name = &vector_schema.name;
+            let column_name = field.name();
             let column_schema =
                 table_schema
                     .column_schema_by_name(column_name)
@@ -211,15 +191,12 @@ impl RecordBatch {
                         table_name,
                         column_name,
                     })?;
-            let vector = if vector_schema.data_type != column_schema.data_type {
-                vector
-                    .cast(&column_schema.data_type)
-                    .with_context(|_| CastVectorSnafu {
-                        from_type: vector.data_type(),
-                        to_type: column_schema.data_type.clone(),
-                    })?
+            let vector = if field.data_type() != &column_schema.data_type.as_arrow_type() {
+                let array = compute::cast(array, &column_schema.data_type.as_arrow_type())
+                    .context(ArrowComputeSnafu)?;
+                Helper::try_into_vector(array).context(DataTypesSnafu)?
             } else {
-                vector.clone()
+                Helper::try_into_vector(array).context(DataTypesSnafu)?
             };
 
             let _ = vectors.insert(column_name.clone(), vector);
@@ -244,8 +221,69 @@ impl RecordBatch {
                 visit_index: offset + len
             }
         );
-        let columns = self.columns.iter().map(|vector| vector.slice(offset, len));
-        RecordBatch::new(self.schema.clone(), columns)
+        let sliced = self.df_record_batch.slice(offset, len);
+        Ok(RecordBatch::from_df_record_batch(
+            self.schema.clone(),
+            sliced,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the total number of bytes of memory pointed to by the arrays in this `RecordBatch`.
+    ///
+    /// The buffers store bytes in the Arrow memory format, and include the data as well as the validity map.
+    /// Note that this does not always correspond to the exact memory usage of an array,
+    /// since multiple arrays can share the same buffers or slices thereof.
+    pub fn buffer_memory_size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.df_record_batch
+            .columns()
+            .iter()
+            .map(|array| array.get_buffer_memory_size())
+            .sum()
+    }
+
+    /// Iterate the values as strings in the column at index `i`.
+    ///
+    /// Note that if the underlying array is not a valid GreptimeDB vector, an empty iterator is
+    /// returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// if index `i` is out of bound.
+    pub fn iter_column_as_string(&self, i: usize) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Option<String>> + '_> {
+        macro_rules! iter {
+            ($column: ident) => {
+                Box::new(
+                    (0..$column.len())
+                        .map(|i| $column.is_valid(i).then(|| $column.value(i).to_string())),
+                )
+            };
+        }
+
+        let column = self.df_record_batch.column(i);
+        match column.data_type() {
+            ArrowDataType::Utf8 => {
+                let column = column.as_string::<i32>();
+                let iter = iter!(column);
+                iter as _
+            }
+            ArrowDataType::LargeUtf8 => {
+                let column = column.as_string::<i64>();
+                iter!(column)
+            }
+            ArrowDataType::Utf8View => {
+                let column = column.as_string_view();
+                iter!(column)
+            }
+            _ => {
+                if let Ok(column) = Helper::try_into_vector(column) {
+                    Box::new(
+                        (0..column.len())
+                            .map(move |i| (!column.is_null(i)).then(|| column.get(i).to_string())),
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    Box::new(std::iter::empty())
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -259,8 +297,9 @@ impl Serialize for RecordBatch {
         let mut s = serializer.serialize_struct("record", 2)?;
         s.serialize_field("schema", &**self.schema.arrow_schema())?;
 
-        let vec = self
-            .columns
+        let columns = self.df_record_batch.columns();
+        let columns = Helper::try_into_vectors(columns).map_err(Error::custom)?;
+        let vec = columns
             .iter()
             .map(|c| c.serialize_to_json())
             .collect::<std::result::Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
@@ -278,27 +317,14 @@ pub fn merge_record_batches(schema: SchemaRef, batches: &[RecordBatch]) -> Resul
         return Ok(RecordBatch::new_empty(schema));
     }
 
-    let n_rows = batches.iter().map(|b| b.num_rows()).sum();
-    let n_columns = schema.num_columns();
-    // Collect arrays from each batch
-    let mut merged_columns = Vec::with_capacity(n_columns);
-
-    for col_idx in 0..n_columns {
-        let mut acc = schema.column_schemas()[col_idx]
-            .data_type
-            .create_mutable_vector(n_rows);
-
-        for batch in batches {
-            let column = batch.column(col_idx);
-            acc.extend_slice_of(column.as_ref(), 0, column.len())
-                .context(error::DataTypesSnafu)?;
-        }
-
-        merged_columns.push(acc.to_vector());
-    }
+    let record_batch = compute::concat_batches(
+        schema.arrow_schema(),
+        batches.iter().map(|x| x.df_record_batch()),
+    )
+    .context(ArrowComputeSnafu)?;
 
     // Create a new RecordBatch with merged columns
-    RecordBatch::new(schema, merged_columns)
+    Ok(RecordBatch::from_df_record_batch(schema, record_batch))
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -326,21 +352,21 @@ mod tests {
         let c2 = Arc::new(UInt32Vector::from_slice([4, 5, 6]));
         let columns: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![c1, c2];
 
+        let expected = vec![
+            Arc::new(UInt32Array::from_iter_values([1, 2, 3])) as ArrayRef,
+            Arc::new(UInt32Array::from_iter_values([4, 5, 6])),
+        ];
+
         let batch = RecordBatch::new(schema.clone(), columns.clone()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(3, batch.num_rows());
-        assert_eq!(&columns, batch.columns());
-        for (i, expect) in columns.iter().enumerate().take(batch.num_columns()) {
-            let column = batch.column(i);
-            assert_eq!(expect, column);
-        }
+        assert_eq!(expected, batch.df_record_batch().columns());
         assert_eq!(schema, batch.schema);
 
-        assert_eq!(columns[0], *batch.column_by_name("c1").unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(columns[1], *batch.column_by_name("c2").unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(&expected[0], batch.column_by_name("c1").unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(&expected[1], batch.column_by_name("c2").unwrap());
         assert!(batch.column_by_name("c3").is_none());
 
-        let converted =
-            RecordBatch::try_from_df_record_batch(schema, batch.df_record_batch().clone()).unwrap();
+        let converted = RecordBatch::from_df_record_batch(schema, batch.df_record_batch().clone());
         assert_eq!(batch, converted);
         assert_eq!(*batch.df_record_batch(), converted.into_df_record_batch());
     }
@@ -385,12 +411,12 @@ mod tests {
         let recordbatch = recordbatch.slice(1, 2).expect("recordbatch slice");
 
         let expected = &UInt32Array::from_iter_values([2u32, 3]);
-        let array = recordbatch.column(0).to_arrow_array();
+        let array = recordbatch.column(0);
         let actual = array.as_primitive::<UInt32Type>();
         assert_eq!(expected, actual);
 
         let expected = &StringArray::from(vec!["hello", "greptime"]);
-        let array = recordbatch.column(1).to_arrow_array();
+        let array = recordbatch.column(1);
         let actual = array.as_string::<i32>();
         assert_eq!(expected, actual);
 

src/datatypes/src/arrow_array.rs

@@ -12,9 +12,117 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use arrow::array::{ArrayRef, AsArray};
+use arrow::datatypes::{
+    DataType, DurationMicrosecondType, DurationMillisecondType, DurationNanosecondType,
+    DurationSecondType, Time32MillisecondType, Time32SecondType, Time64MicrosecondType,
+    Time64NanosecondType, TimeUnit, TimestampMicrosecondType, TimestampMillisecondType,
+    TimestampNanosecondType, TimestampSecondType,
+};
+use common_time::time::Time;
+use common_time::{Duration, Timestamp};
+
 pub type BinaryArray = arrow::array::BinaryArray;
 pub type MutableBinaryArray = arrow::array::BinaryBuilder;
 pub type StringArray = arrow::array::StringArray;
 pub type MutableStringArray = arrow::array::StringBuilder;
 pub type LargeStringArray = arrow::array::LargeStringArray;
 pub type MutableLargeStringArray = arrow::array::LargeStringBuilder;
+
+/// Get the [Timestamp] value at index `i` of the timestamp array.
+///
+/// Note: This method does not check for nulls and the value is arbitrary
+/// if [`is_null`](arrow::array::Array::is_null) returns true for the index.
+///
+/// # Panics
+/// 1. if index `i` is out of bounds;
+/// 2. or the array is not timestamp type.
+pub fn timestamp_array_value(array: &ArrayRef, i: usize) -> Timestamp {
+    let DataType::Timestamp(time_unit, _) = &array.data_type() else {
+        unreachable!()
+    };
+    let v = match time_unit {
+        TimeUnit::Second => {
+            let array = array.as_primitive::<TimestampSecondType>();
+            array.value(i)
+        }
+        TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
+            let array = array.as_primitive::<TimestampMillisecondType>();
+            array.value(i)
+        }
+        TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
+            let array = array.as_primitive::<TimestampMicrosecondType>();
+            array.value(i)
+        }
+        TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
+            let array = array.as_primitive::<TimestampNanosecondType>();
+            array.value(i)
+        }
+    };
+    Timestamp::new(v, time_unit.into())
+}
+
+/// Get the [Time] value at index `i` of the time array.
+///
+/// Note: This method does not check for nulls and the value is arbitrary
+/// if [`is_null`](arrow::array::Array::is_null) returns true for the index.
+///
+/// # Panics
+/// 1. if index `i` is out of bounds;
+/// 2. or the array is not `Time32` or `Time64` type.
+pub fn time_array_value(array: &ArrayRef, i: usize) -> Time {
+    match array.data_type() {
+        DataType::Time32(time_unit) | DataType::Time64(time_unit) => match time_unit {
+            TimeUnit::Second => {
+                let array = array.as_primitive::<Time32SecondType>();
+                Time::new_second(array.value(i) as i64)
+            }
+            TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
+                let array = array.as_primitive::<Time32MillisecondType>();
+                Time::new_millisecond(array.value(i) as i64)
+            }
+            TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
+                let array = array.as_primitive::<Time64MicrosecondType>();
+                Time::new_microsecond(array.value(i))
+            }
+            TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
+                let array = array.as_primitive::<Time64NanosecondType>();
+                Time::new_nanosecond(array.value(i))
+            }
+        },
+        _ => unreachable!(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Get the [Duration] value at index `i` of the duration array.
+///
+/// Note: This method does not check for nulls and the value is arbitrary
+/// if [`is_null`](arrow::array::Array::is_null) returns true for the index.
+///
+/// # Panics
+/// 1. if index `i` is out of bounds;
+/// 2. or the array is not duration type.
+pub fn duration_array_value(array: &ArrayRef, i: usize) -> Duration {
+    let DataType::Duration(time_unit) = array.data_type() else {
+        unreachable!();
+    };
+    let v = match time_unit {
+        TimeUnit::Second => {
+            let array = array.as_primitive::<DurationSecondType>();
+            array.value(i)
+        }
+        TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
+            let array = array.as_primitive::<DurationMillisecondType>();
+            array.value(i)
+        }
+        TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
+            let array = array.as_primitive::<DurationMicrosecondType>();
+            array.value(i)
+        }
+        TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
+            let array = array.as_primitive::<DurationNanosecondType>();
+            array.value(i)
+        }
+    };
+    Duration::new(v, time_unit.into())
+}

src/file-engine/src/query.rs

@@ -22,13 +22,17 @@ use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 use common_datasource::object_store::build_backend;
 use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
 use common_recordbatch::adapter::RecordBatchMetrics;
-use common_recordbatch::error::{CastVectorSnafu, ExternalSnafu, Result as RecordBatchResult};
+use common_recordbatch::error::{
+    CastVectorSnafu, DataTypesSnafu, ExternalSnafu, Result as RecordBatchResult,
+};
 use common_recordbatch::{OrderOption, RecordBatch, RecordBatchStream, SendableRecordBatchStream};
 use datafusion::logical_expr::utils as df_logical_expr_utils;
 use datafusion_expr::expr::Expr;
+use datatypes::arrow::array::ArrayRef;
+use datatypes::data_type::DataType;
 use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
 use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, Schema, SchemaRef};
-use datatypes::vectors::VectorRef;
+use datatypes::vectors::{Helper, VectorRef};
 use futures::Stream;
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt, ensure};
 use store_api::storage::ScanRequest;
@@ -197,7 +201,7 @@ impl FileToScanRegionStream {
             .all(|scan_column_schema| {
                 file_record_batch
                     .column_by_name(&scan_column_schema.name)
-                    .map(|rb| rb.data_type() == scan_column_schema.data_type)
+                    .map(|rb| rb.data_type() == &scan_column_schema.data_type.as_arrow_type())
                     .unwrap_or_default()
             })
     }
@@ -231,9 +235,10 @@ impl FileToScanRegionStream {
     }
 
     fn cast_column_type(
-        source_column: &VectorRef,
+        source_column: &ArrayRef,
         target_data_type: &ConcreteDataType,
     ) -> RecordBatchResult<VectorRef> {
+        let source_column = Helper::try_into_vector(source_column).context(DataTypesSnafu)?;
         if &source_column.data_type() == target_data_type {
             Ok(source_column.clone())
         } else {

src/flow/src/adapter/node_context.rs

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ impl SourceSender {
     /// send record batch
     pub async fn send_record_batch(&self, batch: RecordBatch) -> Result<usize, Error> {
         let row_cnt = batch.num_rows();
-        let batch = Batch::from(batch);
+        let batch = Batch::try_from(batch)?;
 
         self.send_buf_row_cnt.fetch_add(row_cnt, Ordering::SeqCst);
 

src/flow/src/expr.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ mod signature;
 pub(crate) mod utils;
 
 use arrow::compute::FilterBuilder;
+use common_recordbatch::RecordBatch;
 use datatypes::prelude::{ConcreteDataType, DataType};
 use datatypes::value::Value;
 use datatypes::vectors::{BooleanVector, Helper, VectorRef};
@@ -38,6 +39,8 @@ pub(crate) use relation::{Accum, Accumulator, AggregateExpr, AggregateFunc};
 pub(crate) use scalar::{ScalarExpr, TypedExpr};
 use snafu::{ResultExt, ensure};
 
+use crate::Error;
+use crate::error::DatatypesSnafu;
 use crate::expr::error::{ArrowSnafu, DataTypeSnafu};
 use crate::repr::Diff;
 
@@ -55,13 +58,19 @@ pub struct Batch {
     diffs: Option<VectorRef>,
 }
 
-impl From<common_recordbatch::RecordBatch> for Batch {
-    fn from(value: common_recordbatch::RecordBatch) -> Self {
-        Self {
+impl TryFrom<RecordBatch> for Batch {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn try_from(value: RecordBatch) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let columns = value.columns();
+        let batch = Helper::try_into_vectors(columns).context(DatatypesSnafu {
+            extra: "failed to convert Arrow array to vector when building Flow batch",
+        })?;
+        Ok(Self {
             row_count: value.num_rows(),
-            batch: value.columns,
+            batch,
             diffs: None,
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 

src/frontend/src/instance/jaeger.rs

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ use datafusion::execution::SessionStateBuilder;
 use datafusion::execution::context::SessionContext;
 use datafusion_expr::select_expr::SelectExpr;
 use datafusion_expr::{Expr, SortExpr, col, lit, lit_timestamp_nano, wildcard};
-use datatypes::value::ValueRef;
 use query::QueryEngineRef;
 use serde_json::Value as JsonValue;
 use servers::error::{
@@ -595,13 +594,10 @@ async fn trace_ids_from_output(output: Output) -> ServerResult<Vec<String>> {
         {
             let mut trace_ids = vec![];
             for recordbatch in recordbatches {
-                for col in recordbatch.columns().iter() {
-                    for row_idx in 0..recordbatch.num_rows() {
-                        if let ValueRef::String(value) = col.get_ref(row_idx) {
-                            trace_ids.push(value.to_string());
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
+                recordbatch
+                    .iter_column_as_string(0)
+                    .flatten()
+                    .for_each(|x| trace_ids.push(x));
             }
 
             return Ok(trace_ids);

src/frontend/src/instance/promql.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ use common_catalog::consts::INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME;
 use common_catalog::format_full_table_name;
 use common_recordbatch::util;
 use common_telemetry::tracing;
-use datatypes::prelude::Value;
 use promql_parser::label::{MatchOp, Matcher, Matchers};
 use query::promql;
 use query::promql::planner::PromPlanner;
@@ -90,15 +89,10 @@ impl Instance {
 
         for batch in batches {
             // Only one column the results, ensured by `prometheus::metric_name_matchers_to_plan`.
-            let names = batch.column(0);
-
-            for i in 0..names.len() {
-                let Value::String(name) = names.get(i) else {
-                    unreachable!();
-                };
-
-                results.push(name.into_string());
-            }
+            batch
+                .iter_column_as_string(0)
+                .flatten()
+                .for_each(|x| results.push(x))
         }
 
         Ok(results)
@@ -173,11 +167,10 @@ impl Instance {
         let mut results = Vec::with_capacity(batches.iter().map(|b| b.num_rows()).sum());
         for batch in batches {
             // Only one column in results, ensured by `prometheus::label_values_matchers_to_plan`.
-            let names = batch.column(0);
-
-            for i in 0..names.len() {
-                results.push(names.get(i).to_string());
-            }
+            batch
+                .iter_column_as_string(0)
+                .flatten()
+                .for_each(|x| results.push(x))
         }
 
         Ok(results)

src/metric-engine/src/metadata_region.rs

@@ -317,45 +317,20 @@ pub fn decode_batch_stream<T: Send + 'static>(
 
 /// Decode a record batch to a list of key and value.
 fn decode_record_batch_to_key_and_value(batch: RecordBatch) -> Vec<(String, String)> {
-    let key_col = batch.column(0);
-    let val_col = batch.column(1);
-
-    (0..batch.num_rows())
-        .flat_map(move |row_index| {
-            let key = key_col
-                .get_ref(row_index)
-                .try_into_string()
-                .unwrap()
-                .map(|s| s.to_string());
-
-            key.map(|k| {
-                (
-                    k,
-                    val_col
-                        .get_ref(row_index)
-                        .try_into_string()
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .map(|s| s.to_string())
-                        .unwrap_or_default(),
-                )
-            })
+    let keys = batch.iter_column_as_string(0);
+    let values = batch.iter_column_as_string(1);
+    keys.zip(values)
+        .filter_map(|(k, v)| match (k, v) {
+            (Some(k), Some(v)) => Some((k, v)),
+            (Some(k), None) => Some((k, "".to_string())),
+            (None, _) => None,
         })
-        .collect()
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
 }
 
 /// Decode a record batch to a list of key.
 fn decode_record_batch_to_key(batch: RecordBatch) -> Vec<String> {
-    let key_col = batch.column(0);
-
-    (0..batch.num_rows())
-        .flat_map(move |row_index| {
-            key_col
-                .get_ref(row_index)
-                .try_into_string()
-                .unwrap()
-                .map(|s| s.to_string())
-        })
-        .collect()
+    batch.iter_column_as_string(0).flatten().collect::<Vec<_>>()
 }
 
 // simulate to `KvBackend`
@@ -590,6 +565,8 @@ impl MetadataRegion {
     /// Retrieves the value associated with the given key in the specified region.
     /// Returns `Ok(None)` if the key is not found.
     pub async fn get(&self, region_id: RegionId, key: &str) -> Result<Option<String>> {
+        use datatypes::arrow::array::{Array, AsArray};
+
         let filter_expr = datafusion::prelude::col(METADATA_SCHEMA_KEY_COLUMN_NAME)
             .eq(datafusion::prelude::lit(key));
 
@@ -611,12 +588,9 @@ impl MetadataRegion {
             return Ok(None);
         };
 
-        let val = first_batch
-            .column(0)
-            .get_ref(0)
-            .try_into_string()
-            .unwrap()
-            .map(|s| s.to_string());
+        let column = first_batch.column(0);
+        let column = column.as_string::<i32>();
+        let val = column.is_valid(0).then(|| column.value(0).to_string());
 
         Ok(val)
     }

src/mito2/src/engine/compaction_test.rs

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 
 use api::v1::{ColumnSchema, Rows};
 use common_recordbatch::{RecordBatches, SendableRecordBatchStream};
-use datatypes::prelude::ScalarVector;
-use datatypes::vectors::TimestampMillisecondVector;
+use datatypes::arrow::array::AsArray;
+use datatypes::arrow::datatypes::TimestampMillisecondType;
 use store_api::region_engine::{RegionEngine, RegionRole};
 use store_api::region_request::AlterKind::SetRegionOptions;
 use store_api::region_request::{
@@ -125,10 +125,8 @@ async fn collect_stream_ts(stream: SendableRecordBatchStream) -> Vec<i64> {
         let ts_col = batch
             .column_by_name("ts")
             .unwrap()
-            .as_any()
-            .downcast_ref::<TimestampMillisecondVector>()
-            .unwrap();
-        res.extend(ts_col.iter_data().map(|t| t.unwrap().0.value()));
+            .as_primitive::<TimestampMillisecondType>();
+        res.extend((0..ts_col.len()).map(|i| ts_col.value(i)));
     }
     res
 }

src/mito2/src/read/stream.rs

@@ -109,7 +109,10 @@ impl ConvertBatchStream {
                     compute::concat_batches(output_schema.arrow_schema(), &self.buffer)
                         .context(ArrowComputeSnafu)?;
 
-                RecordBatch::try_from_df_record_batch(output_schema, record_batch)
+                Ok(RecordBatch::from_df_record_batch(
+                    output_schema,
+                    record_batch,
+                ))
             }
             ScanBatch::RecordBatch(df_record_batch) => {
                 // Safety: Only flat format returns this batch.

src/pipeline/src/manager/table.rs

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ use api::v1::{
     ColumnDataType, ColumnDef, ColumnSchema as PbColumnSchema, Row, RowInsertRequest,
     RowInsertRequests, Rows, SemanticType,
 };
+use arrow::array::{Array, AsArray};
+use arrow::datatypes::TimestampNanosecondType;
 use common_query::OutputData;
 use common_recordbatch::util as record_util;
 use common_telemetry::{debug, info};
@@ -27,9 +29,7 @@ use datafusion::datasource::DefaultTableSource;
 use datafusion::logical_expr::col;
 use datafusion_common::TableReference;
 use datafusion_expr::{DmlStatement, LogicalPlan};
-use datatypes::prelude::ScalarVector;
 use datatypes::timestamp::TimestampNanosecond;
-use datatypes::vectors::{StringVector, TimestampNanosecondVector, Vector};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use operator::insert::InserterRef;
 use operator::statement::StatementExecutorRef;
@@ -527,8 +527,7 @@ impl PipelineTable {
         for r in records {
             let pipeline_content_column = r.column(0);
             let pipeline_content = pipeline_content_column
-                .as_any()
-                .downcast_ref::<StringVector>()
+                .as_string_opt::<i32>()
                 .with_context(|| CastTypeSnafu {
                     msg: format!(
                         "can't downcast {:?} array into string vector",
@@ -537,20 +536,19 @@ impl PipelineTable {
                 })?;
 
             let pipeline_schema_column = r.column(1);
-            let pipeline_schema = pipeline_schema_column
-                .as_any()
-                .downcast_ref::<StringVector>()
-                .with_context(|| CastTypeSnafu {
-                    msg: format!(
-                        "can't downcast {:?} array into string vector",
-                        pipeline_schema_column.data_type()
-                    ),
-                })?;
+            let pipeline_schema =
+                pipeline_schema_column
+                    .as_string_opt::<i32>()
+                    .with_context(|| CastTypeSnafu {
+                        msg: format!(
+                            "expecting pipeline schema column of type string, actual: {}",
+                            pipeline_schema_column.data_type()
+                        ),
+                    })?;
 
             let pipeline_created_at_column = r.column(2);
             let pipeline_created_at = pipeline_created_at_column
-                .as_any()
-                .downcast_ref::<TimestampNanosecondVector>()
+                .as_primitive_opt::<TimestampNanosecondType>()
                 .with_context(|| CastTypeSnafu {
                     msg: format!(
                         "can't downcast {:?} array into scalar vector",
@@ -572,9 +570,9 @@ impl PipelineTable {
             let len = pipeline_content.len();
             for i in 0..len {
                 re.push((
-                    pipeline_content.get_data(i).unwrap().to_string(),
-                    pipeline_schema.get_data(i).unwrap().to_string(),
-                    pipeline_created_at.get_data(i).unwrap(),
+                    pipeline_content.value(i).to_string(),
+                    pipeline_schema.value(i).to_string(),
+                    TimestampNanosecond::new(pipeline_created_at.value(i)),
                 ));
             }
         }

src/promql/src/extension_plan/histogram_fold.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::task::Poll;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
-use common_recordbatch::RecordBatch as GtRecordBatch;
 use common_telemetry::warn;
 use datafusion::arrow::array::AsArray;
 use datafusion::arrow::compute::{self, SortOptions, concat_batches};
@@ -41,9 +40,8 @@ use datafusion::physical_plan::{
 };
 use datafusion::prelude::{Column, Expr};
 use datatypes::prelude::{ConcreteDataType, DataType as GtDataType};
-use datatypes::schema::Schema as GtSchema;
 use datatypes::value::{OrderedF64, ValueRef};
-use datatypes::vectors::MutableVector;
+use datatypes::vectors::{Helper, MutableVector};
 use futures::{Stream, StreamExt, ready};
 
 /// `HistogramFold` will fold the conventional (non-native) histogram ([1]) for later
@@ -560,36 +558,29 @@ impl HistogramFoldStream {
         let mut remaining_rows = self.input_buffered_rows;
         let mut cursor = 0;
 
-        let gt_schema = GtSchema::try_from(self.input.schema()).unwrap();
-        let batch = GtRecordBatch::try_from_df_record_batch(Arc::new(gt_schema), batch).unwrap();
+        // TODO(LFC): Try to get rid of the Arrow array to vector conversion here.
+        let vectors = Helper::try_into_vectors(batch.columns())
+            .map_err(|e| DataFusionError::Execution(e.to_string()))?;
 
         while remaining_rows >= bucket_num {
             // "sample" normal columns
             for normal_index in &self.normal_indices {
-                let val = batch.column(*normal_index).get(cursor);
+                let val = vectors[*normal_index].get(cursor);
                 self.output_buffer[*normal_index].push_value_ref(&val.as_value_ref());
             }
             // "fold" `le` and field columns
             let le_array = batch.column(self.le_column_index);
+            let le_array = le_array.as_string::<i32>();
             let field_array = batch.column(self.field_column_index);
+            let field_array = field_array.as_primitive::<Float64Type>();
             let mut bucket = vec![];
             let mut counters = vec![];
             for bias in 0..bucket_num {
-                let le_str_val = le_array.get(cursor + bias);
-                let le_str_val_ref = le_str_val.as_value_ref();
-                let le_str = le_str_val_ref
-                    .try_into_string()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .expect("le column should not be nullable");
+                let le_str = le_array.value(cursor + bias);
                 let le = le_str.parse::<f64>().unwrap();
                 bucket.push(le);
 
-                let counter = field_array
-                    .get(cursor + bias)
-                    .as_value_ref()
-                    .try_into_f64()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .expect("field column should not be nullable");
+                let counter = field_array.value(cursor + bias);
                 counters.push(counter);
             }
             // ignore invalid data
@@ -600,7 +591,7 @@ impl HistogramFoldStream {
             self.output_buffered_rows += 1;
         }
 
-        let remaining_input_batch = batch.into_df_record_batch().slice(cursor, remaining_rows);
+        let remaining_input_batch = batch.slice(cursor, remaining_rows);
         self.input_buffered_rows = remaining_input_batch.num_rows();
         self.input_buffer.push(remaining_input_batch);
 

src/query/src/datafusion.rs

@@ -682,13 +682,14 @@ impl QueryExecutor for DatafusionQueryEngine {
 mod tests {
     use std::sync::Arc;
 
+    use arrow::array::{ArrayRef, UInt64Array};
     use catalog::RegisterTableRequest;
     use common_catalog::consts::{DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, NUMBERS_TABLE_ID};
     use common_recordbatch::util;
     use datafusion::prelude::{col, lit};
     use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
     use datatypes::schema::ColumnSchema;
-    use datatypes::vectors::{Helper, UInt32Vector, UInt64Vector, VectorRef};
+    use datatypes::vectors::{Helper, UInt32Vector, VectorRef};
     use session::context::{QueryContext, QueryContextBuilder};
     use table::table::numbers::{NUMBERS_TABLE_NAME, NumbersTable};
 
@@ -770,10 +771,8 @@ mod tests {
                 assert_eq!(1, batch.num_columns());
                 assert_eq!(batch.column(0).len(), 1);
 
-                assert_eq!(
-                    *batch.column(0),
-                    Arc::new(UInt64Vector::from_slice([4950])) as VectorRef
-                );
+                let expected = Arc::new(UInt64Array::from_iter_values([4950])) as ArrayRef;
+                assert_eq!(batch.column(0), &expected);
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }

src/query/src/sql.rs

@@ -1440,8 +1440,7 @@ mod test {
                 ..
             }) => {
                 let record = record.take().first().cloned().unwrap();
-                let data = record.column(0);
-                Ok(data.get(0).to_string())
+                Ok(record.iter_column_as_string(0).next().unwrap().unwrap())
             }
             Ok(_) => unreachable!(),
             Err(e) => Err(e),

src/query/src/tests/function.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use common_function::scalars::vector::impl_conv::veclit_to_binlit;
 use common_recordbatch::RecordBatch;
 use datatypes::prelude::*;
 use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, Schema};
-use datatypes::vectors::BinaryVector;
+use datatypes::vectors::{BinaryVector, Helper};
 use rand::Rng;
 use table::test_util::MemTable;
 
@@ -64,5 +64,6 @@ pub fn get_value_from_batches(column_name: &str, batches: Vec<RecordBatch>) -> V
     assert_eq!(batch.column(0).len(), 1);
     let v = batch.column(0);
     assert_eq!(1, v.len());
+    let v = Helper::try_into_vector(v).unwrap();
     v.get(0)
 }

src/query/src/tests/query_engine_test.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use arrow::array::{ArrayRef, UInt32Array};
 use catalog::RegisterTableRequest;
 use catalog::memory::MemoryCatalogManager;
 use common_base::Plugins;
@@ -97,11 +98,10 @@ async fn test_datafusion_query_engine() -> Result<()> {
     let batch = &numbers[0];
     assert_eq!(1, batch.num_columns());
     assert_eq!(batch.column(0).len(), limit);
-    let expected: Vec<u32> = (0u32..limit as u32).collect();
-    assert_eq!(
-        *batch.column(0),
-        Arc::new(UInt32Vector::from_slice(expected)) as VectorRef
-    );
+    let expected = Arc::new(UInt32Array::from_iter_values(
+        (0u32..limit as u32).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+    )) as ArrayRef;
+    assert_eq!(batch.column(0), &expected);
 
     Ok(())
 }

src/query/src/tests/vec_avg_test.rs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ async fn test_vec_avg_aggregator() -> Result<(), common_query::error::Error> {
     let sql = "SELECT vector FROM vectors";
     let vectors = exec_selection(engine, sql).await;
 
-    let column = vectors[0].column(0).to_arrow_array();
+    let column = vectors[0].column(0);
     let len = column.len();
     for i in 0..column.len() {
         let v = ScalarValue::try_from_array(&column, i)?;

src/query/src/tests/vec_product_test.rs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ async fn test_vec_product_aggregator() -> Result<(), common_query::error::Error>
     let sql = "SELECT vector FROM vectors";
     let vectors = exec_selection(engine, sql).await;
 
-    let column = vectors[0].column(0).to_arrow_array();
+    let column = vectors[0].column(0);
     for i in 0..column.len() {
         let v = ScalarValue::try_from_array(&column, i)?;
         let vector = as_veclit(&v)?;

src/query/src/tests/vec_sum_test.rs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ async fn test_vec_sum_aggregator() -> Result<(), common_query::error::Error> {
     let sql = "SELECT vector FROM vectors";
     let vectors = exec_selection(engine, sql).await;
 
-    let column = vectors[0].column(0).to_arrow_array();
+    let column = vectors[0].column(0);
     for i in 0..column.len() {
         let v = ScalarValue::try_from_array(&column, i)?;
         let vector = as_veclit(&v)?;

src/servers/src/http.rs

@@ -32,9 +32,7 @@ use common_telemetry::{debug, error, info};
 use common_time::Timestamp;
 use common_time::timestamp::TimeUnit;
 use datatypes::data_type::DataType;
-use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
 use datatypes::schema::SchemaRef;
-use datatypes::types::jsonb_to_serde_json;
 use event::{LogState, LogValidatorRef};
 use futures::FutureExt;
 use http::{HeaderValue, Method};
@@ -55,8 +53,7 @@ use self::result::table_result::TableResponse;
 use crate::configurator::ConfiguratorRef;
 use crate::elasticsearch;
 use crate::error::{
-    AddressBindSnafu, AlreadyStartedSnafu, ConvertSqlValueSnafu, Error, InternalIoSnafu,
-    InvalidHeaderValueSnafu, Result, ToJsonSnafu,
+    AddressBindSnafu, AlreadyStartedSnafu, Error, InternalIoSnafu, InvalidHeaderValueSnafu, Result,
 };
 use crate::http::influxdb::{influxdb_health, influxdb_ping, influxdb_write_v1, influxdb_write_v2};
 use crate::http::otlp::OtlpState;
@@ -109,6 +106,7 @@ pub mod result;
 mod timeout;
 pub mod utils;
 
+use result::HttpOutputWriter;
 pub(crate) use timeout::DynamicTimeoutLayer;
 
 mod hints;
@@ -298,30 +296,10 @@ impl HttpRecordsOutput {
         } else {
             let num_rows = recordbatches.iter().map(|r| r.num_rows()).sum::<usize>();
             let mut rows = Vec::with_capacity(num_rows);
-            let schemas = schema.column_schemas();
-            let num_cols = schema.column_schemas().len();
-            rows.resize_with(num_rows, || Vec::with_capacity(num_cols));
 
-            let mut finished_row_cursor = 0;
             for recordbatch in recordbatches {
-                for (col_idx, col) in recordbatch.columns().iter().enumerate() {
-                    // safety here: schemas length is equal to the number of columns in the recordbatch
-                    let schema = &schemas[col_idx];
-                    for row_idx in 0..recordbatch.num_rows() {
-                        let value = col.get(row_idx);
-                        // TODO(sunng87): is this duplicated with `map_json_type_to_string` in recordbatch?
-                        let value = if let ConcreteDataType::Json(_json_type) = &schema.data_type
-                            && let datatypes::value::Value::Binary(bytes) = value
-                        {
-                            jsonb_to_serde_json(bytes.as_ref()).context(ConvertSqlValueSnafu)?
-                        } else {
-                            serde_json::Value::try_from(col.get(row_idx)).context(ToJsonSnafu)?
-                        };
-
-                        rows[row_idx + finished_row_cursor].push(value);
-                    }
-                }
-                finished_row_cursor += recordbatch.num_rows();
+                let mut writer = HttpOutputWriter::new(schema.num_columns(), None);
+                writer.write(recordbatch, &mut rows)?;
             }
 
             Ok(HttpRecordsOutput {

src/servers/src/http/prometheus.rs

@@ -19,16 +19,13 @@ use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use arrow::array::AsArray;
+use arrow::array::{Array, AsArray};
 use arrow::datatypes::{
-    Date32Type, Date64Type, Decimal128Type, DurationMicrosecondType, DurationMillisecondType,
-    DurationNanosecondType, DurationSecondType, Float32Type, Float64Type, Int8Type, Int16Type,
+    Date32Type, Date64Type, Decimal128Type, Float32Type, Float64Type, Int8Type, Int16Type,
     Int32Type, Int64Type, IntervalDayTimeType, IntervalMonthDayNanoType, IntervalYearMonthType,
-    Time32MillisecondType, Time32SecondType, Time64MicrosecondType, Time64NanosecondType,
-    TimestampMicrosecondType, TimestampMillisecondType, TimestampNanosecondType,
-    TimestampSecondType, UInt8Type, UInt16Type, UInt32Type, UInt64Type,
+    UInt8Type, UInt16Type, UInt32Type, UInt64Type,
 };
-use arrow_schema::{DataType, IntervalUnit, TimeUnit};
+use arrow_schema::{DataType, IntervalUnit};
 use axum::extract::{Path, Query, State};
 use axum::{Extension, Form};
 use catalog::CatalogManagerRef;
@@ -39,18 +36,13 @@ use common_error::status_code::StatusCode;
 use common_query::{Output, OutputData};
 use common_recordbatch::{RecordBatch, RecordBatches};
 use common_telemetry::{debug, tracing};
-use common_time::time::Time;
 use common_time::util::{current_time_rfc3339, yesterday_rfc3339};
-use common_time::{
-    Date, Duration, IntervalDayTime, IntervalMonthDayNano, IntervalYearMonth, Timestamp,
-};
+use common_time::{Date, IntervalDayTime, IntervalMonthDayNano, IntervalYearMonth};
 use common_version::OwnedBuildInfo;
 use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
 use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
-use datatypes::scalars::ScalarVector;
 use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, SchemaRef};
 use datatypes::types::jsonb_to_string;
-use datatypes::vectors::Float64Vector;
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use futures::future::join_all;
 use itertools::Itertools;
@@ -950,47 +942,12 @@ impl RowWriter {
                         let v = Date::new((array.value(i) / 86_400_000) as i32);
                         self.insert(column, v);
                     }
-                    DataType::Timestamp(time_unit, _) => {
-                        let v = match time_unit {
-                            TimeUnit::Second => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<TimestampSecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<TimestampMillisecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<TimestampMicrosecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<TimestampNanosecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                        };
-                        let v = Timestamp::new(v, time_unit.into());
+                    DataType::Timestamp(_, _) => {
+                        let v = datatypes::arrow_array::timestamp_array_value(array, i);
                         self.insert(column, v.to_iso8601_string());
                     }
-                    DataType::Time32(time_unit) | DataType::Time64(time_unit) => {
-                        let v = match time_unit {
-                            TimeUnit::Second => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<Time32SecondType>();
-                                Time::new_second(array.value(i) as i64)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<Time32MillisecondType>();
-                                Time::new_millisecond(array.value(i) as i64)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<Time64MicrosecondType>();
-                                Time::new_microsecond(array.value(i))
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<Time64NanosecondType>();
-                                Time::new_nanosecond(array.value(i))
-                            }
-                        };
+                    DataType::Time32(_) | DataType::Time64(_) => {
+                        let v = datatypes::arrow_array::time_array_value(array, i);
                         self.insert(column, v.to_iso8601_string());
                     }
                     DataType::Interval(interval_unit) => match interval_unit {
@@ -1010,26 +967,8 @@ impl RowWriter {
                             self.insert(column, v.to_iso8601_string());
                         }
                     },
-                    DataType::Duration(time_unit) => {
-                        let v = match time_unit {
-                            TimeUnit::Second => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<DurationSecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<DurationMillisecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<DurationMicrosecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<DurationNanosecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                        };
-                        let d = Duration::new(v, time_unit.into());
+                    DataType::Duration(_) => {
+                        let d = datatypes::arrow_array::duration_array_value(array, i);
                         self.insert(column, d);
                     }
                     DataType::List(_) => {
@@ -1134,20 +1073,14 @@ fn record_batches_to_labels_name(
         let field_columns = field_column_indices
             .iter()
             .map(|i| {
-                batch
-                    .column(*i)
-                    .as_any()
-                    .downcast_ref::<Float64Vector>()
-                    .unwrap()
+                let column = batch.column(*i);
+                column.as_primitive::<Float64Type>()
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
         for row_index in 0..batch.num_rows() {
             // if all field columns are null, skip this row
-            if field_columns
-                .iter()
-                .all(|c| c.get_data(row_index).is_none())
-            {
+            if field_columns.iter().all(|c| c.is_null(row_index)) {
                 continue;
             }
 

src/servers/src/http/result.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,26 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use arrow::array::AsArray;
+use arrow::datatypes::{
+    Date32Type, Date64Type, Decimal128Type, Float32Type, Float64Type, Int8Type, Int16Type,
+    Int32Type, Int64Type, IntervalDayTimeType, IntervalMonthDayNanoType, IntervalYearMonthType,
+    UInt8Type, UInt16Type, UInt32Type, UInt64Type,
+};
+use arrow_schema::{DataType, IntervalUnit};
+use common_decimal::Decimal128;
+use common_recordbatch::RecordBatch;
+use common_time::{Date, IntervalDayTime, IntervalMonthDayNano, IntervalYearMonth};
+use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
+use datatypes::data_type::ConcreteDataType;
+use datatypes::value::Value;
+use snafu::ResultExt;
+
+use crate::error::{
+    ConvertScalarValueSnafu, DataFusionSnafu, NotSupportedSnafu, Result, ToJsonSnafu,
+    UnexpectedResultSnafu,
+};
+
 pub(crate) mod arrow_result;
 pub(crate) mod csv_result;
 pub mod error_result;
@@ -22,3 +42,240 @@ pub(crate) mod json_result;
 pub(crate) mod null_result;
 pub(crate) mod prometheus_resp;
 pub(crate) mod table_result;
+
+pub(super) struct HttpOutputWriter {
+    columns: usize,
+    value_transformer: Option<Box<dyn Fn(Value) -> Value>>,
+    current: Option<Vec<serde_json::Value>>,
+}
+
+impl HttpOutputWriter {
+    pub(super) fn new(
+        columns: usize,
+        value_transformer: Option<Box<dyn Fn(Value) -> Value>>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            columns,
+            value_transformer,
+            current: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn write_bytes(&mut self, bytes: &[u8], datatype: &ConcreteDataType) -> Result<()> {
+        if datatype.is_json() {
+            let value = datatypes::types::jsonb_to_serde_json(bytes).map_err(|e| {
+                UnexpectedResultSnafu {
+                    reason: format!("corrupted jsonb data: {bytes:?}, error: {e}"),
+                }
+                .build()
+            })?;
+            self.push(value);
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            self.write_value(bytes)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn write_value(&mut self, value: impl Into<Value>) -> Result<()> {
+        let value = value.into();
+
+        let value = if let Some(f) = &self.value_transformer {
+            f(value)
+        } else {
+            value
+        };
+
+        let value = serde_json::Value::try_from(value).context(ToJsonSnafu)?;
+        self.push(value);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn push(&mut self, value: serde_json::Value) {
+        let current = self
+            .current
+            .get_or_insert_with(|| Vec::with_capacity(self.columns));
+        current.push(value);
+    }
+
+    fn finish(&mut self) -> Vec<serde_json::Value> {
+        self.current.take().unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn write(
+        &mut self,
+        record_batch: RecordBatch,
+        rows: &mut Vec<Vec<serde_json::Value>>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let schema = record_batch.schema.clone();
+        let record_batch = record_batch.into_df_record_batch();
+        for i in 0..record_batch.num_rows() {
+            for (schema, array) in schema
+                .column_schemas()
+                .iter()
+                .zip(record_batch.columns().iter())
+            {
+                if array.is_null(i) {
+                    self.write_value(Value::Null)?;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                match array.data_type() {
+                    DataType::Null => {
+                        self.write_value(Value::Null)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Boolean => {
+                        let array = array.as_boolean();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::UInt8 => {
+                        let array = array.as_primitive::<UInt8Type>();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::UInt16 => {
+                        let array = array.as_primitive::<UInt16Type>();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::UInt32 => {
+                        let array = array.as_primitive::<UInt32Type>();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::UInt64 => {
+                        let array = array.as_primitive::<UInt64Type>();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Int8 => {
+                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Int8Type>();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Int16 => {
+                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Int16Type>();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Int32 => {
+                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Int32Type>();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Int64 => {
+                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Int64Type>();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Float32 => {
+                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Float32Type>();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Float64 => {
+                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Float64Type>();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Utf8 => {
+                        let array = array.as_string::<i32>();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::LargeUtf8 => {
+                        let array = array.as_string::<i64>();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Utf8View => {
+                        let array = array.as_string_view();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Binary => {
+                        let array = array.as_binary::<i32>();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_bytes(v, &schema.data_type)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::LargeBinary => {
+                        let array = array.as_binary::<i64>();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_bytes(v, &schema.data_type)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::BinaryView => {
+                        let array = array.as_binary_view();
+                        let v = array.value(i);
+                        self.write_bytes(v, &schema.data_type)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Date32 => {
+                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Date32Type>();
+                        let v = Date::new(array.value(i));
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Date64 => {
+                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Date64Type>();
+                        // `Date64` values are milliseconds representation of `Date32` values,
+                        // according to its specification. So we convert the `Date64` value here to
+                        // the `Date32` value to process them unified.
+                        let v = Date::new((array.value(i) / 86_400_000) as i32);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Timestamp(_, _) => {
+                        let ts = datatypes::arrow_array::timestamp_array_value(array, i);
+                        self.write_value(ts)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Time32(_) | DataType::Time64(_) => {
+                        let v = datatypes::arrow_array::time_array_value(array, i);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Interval(interval_unit) => match interval_unit {
+                        IntervalUnit::YearMonth => {
+                            let array = array.as_primitive::<IntervalYearMonthType>();
+                            let v: IntervalYearMonth = array.value(i).into();
+                            self.write_value(v)?;
+                        }
+                        IntervalUnit::DayTime => {
+                            let array = array.as_primitive::<IntervalDayTimeType>();
+                            let v: IntervalDayTime = array.value(i).into();
+                            self.write_value(v)?;
+                        }
+                        IntervalUnit::MonthDayNano => {
+                            let array = array.as_primitive::<IntervalMonthDayNanoType>();
+                            let v: IntervalMonthDayNano = array.value(i).into();
+                            self.write_value(v)?;
+                        }
+                    },
+                    DataType::Duration(_) => {
+                        let d = datatypes::arrow_array::duration_array_value(array, i);
+                        self.write_value(d)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::List(_) => {
+                        let v = ScalarValue::try_from_array(array, i).context(DataFusionSnafu)?;
+                        let v: Value = v.try_into().context(ConvertScalarValueSnafu)?;
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Struct(_) => {
+                        let v = ScalarValue::try_from_array(array, i).context(DataFusionSnafu)?;
+                        let v: Value = v.try_into().context(ConvertScalarValueSnafu)?;
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    DataType::Decimal128(precision, scale) => {
+                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Decimal128Type>();
+                        let v = Decimal128::new(array.value(i), *precision, *scale);
+                        self.write_value(v)?;
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        return NotSupportedSnafu {
+                            feat: format!("convert {} to http output value", array.data_type()),
+                        }
+                        .fail();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            rows.push(self.finish())
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

src/servers/src/http/result/influxdb_result_v1.rs

@@ -12,35 +12,17 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use arrow::array::AsArray;
-use arrow::datatypes::{
-    Date32Type, Date64Type, Decimal128Type, DurationMicrosecondType, DurationMillisecondType,
-    DurationNanosecondType, DurationSecondType, Float32Type, Float64Type, Int8Type, Int16Type,
-    Int32Type, Int64Type, IntervalDayTimeType, IntervalMonthDayNanoType, IntervalYearMonthType,
-    Time32MillisecondType, Time32SecondType, Time64MicrosecondType, Time64NanosecondType,
-    TimestampMicrosecondType, TimestampMillisecondType, TimestampNanosecondType,
-    TimestampSecondType, UInt8Type, UInt16Type, UInt32Type, UInt64Type,
-};
-use arrow_schema::{DataType, IntervalUnit, TimeUnit};
 use axum::Json;
 use axum::http::HeaderValue;
 use axum::response::{IntoResponse, Response};
-use common_decimal::Decimal128;
 use common_query::{Output, OutputData};
 use common_recordbatch::{RecordBatch, util};
-use common_time::time::Time;
-use common_time::{
-    Date, Duration, IntervalDayTime, IntervalMonthDayNano, IntervalYearMonth, Timestamp,
-};
-use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_json::Value;
-use snafu::ResultExt;
 
-use crate::error::{
-    ConvertScalarValueSnafu, DataFusionSnafu, Error, NotSupportedSnafu, Result, ToJsonSnafu,
-};
+use crate::error::{Error, Result};
 use crate::http::header::{GREPTIME_DB_HEADER_EXECUTION_TIME, GREPTIME_DB_HEADER_FORMAT};
+use crate::http::result::HttpOutputWriter;
 use crate::http::result::error_result::ErrorResponse;
 use crate::http::{Epoch, HttpResponse, ResponseFormat};
 
@@ -84,8 +66,8 @@ impl TryFrom<(Option<Epoch>, Vec<RecordBatch>)> for InfluxdbRecordsOutput {
         } else {
             // Safety: ensured by previous empty check
             let first = &recordbatches[0];
-            let columns = first
-                .schema
+            let schema = first.schema.clone();
+            let columns = schema
                 .column_schemas()
                 .iter()
                 .map(|cs| cs.name.clone())
@@ -94,8 +76,23 @@ impl TryFrom<(Option<Epoch>, Vec<RecordBatch>)> for InfluxdbRecordsOutput {
             let mut rows =
                 Vec::with_capacity(recordbatches.iter().map(|r| r.num_rows()).sum::<usize>());
 
+            let value_transformer =
+                move |value: datatypes::value::Value| -> datatypes::value::Value {
+                    match (value, epoch) {
+                        (datatypes::value::Value::Timestamp(ts), Some(epoch)) => {
+                            if let Some(converted) = epoch.convert_timestamp(ts) {
+                                datatypes::value::Value::Timestamp(converted)
+                            } else {
+                                datatypes::value::Value::Timestamp(ts)
+                            }
+                        }
+                        (value, _) => value,
+                    }
+                };
+
             for recordbatch in recordbatches {
-                let mut writer = RowWriter::new(epoch, recordbatch.num_columns());
+                let mut writer =
+                    HttpOutputWriter::new(schema.num_columns(), Some(Box::new(value_transformer)));
                 writer.write(recordbatch, &mut rows)?;
             }
 
@@ -104,266 +101,6 @@ impl TryFrom<(Option<Epoch>, Vec<RecordBatch>)> for InfluxdbRecordsOutput {
     }
 }
 
-struct RowWriter {
-    epoch: Option<Epoch>,
-    columns: usize,
-    current: Option<Vec<Value>>,
-}
-
-impl RowWriter {
-    fn new(epoch: Option<Epoch>, columns: usize) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            epoch,
-            columns,
-            current: None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn push(&mut self, value: impl Into<datatypes::value::Value>) -> Result<()> {
-        let value = value.into();
-
-        let current = self
-            .current
-            .get_or_insert_with(|| Vec::with_capacity(self.columns));
-        let value = Value::try_from(value).context(ToJsonSnafu)?;
-        current.push(value);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn finish(&mut self) -> Vec<Value> {
-        self.current.take().unwrap_or_default()
-    }
-
-    fn write(&mut self, record_batch: RecordBatch, rows: &mut Vec<Vec<Value>>) -> Result<()> {
-        let record_batch = record_batch.into_df_record_batch();
-        for i in 0..record_batch.num_rows() {
-            for array in record_batch.columns().iter() {
-                if array.is_null(i) {
-                    self.push(datatypes::value::Value::Null)?;
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                match array.data_type() {
-                    DataType::Null => {
-                        self.push(datatypes::value::Value::Null)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Boolean => {
-                        let array = array.as_boolean();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::UInt8 => {
-                        let array = array.as_primitive::<UInt8Type>();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::UInt16 => {
-                        let array = array.as_primitive::<UInt16Type>();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::UInt32 => {
-                        let array = array.as_primitive::<UInt32Type>();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::UInt64 => {
-                        let array = array.as_primitive::<UInt64Type>();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Int8 => {
-                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Int8Type>();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Int16 => {
-                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Int16Type>();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Int32 => {
-                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Int32Type>();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Int64 => {
-                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Int64Type>();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Float32 => {
-                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Float32Type>();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Float64 => {
-                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Float64Type>();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Utf8 => {
-                        let array = array.as_string::<i32>();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::LargeUtf8 => {
-                        let array = array.as_string::<i64>();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Utf8View => {
-                        let array = array.as_string_view();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Binary => {
-                        let array = array.as_binary::<i32>();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::LargeBinary => {
-                        let array = array.as_binary::<i64>();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::BinaryView => {
-                        let array = array.as_binary_view();
-                        let v = array.value(i);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Date32 => {
-                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Date32Type>();
-                        let v = Date::new(array.value(i));
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Date64 => {
-                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Date64Type>();
-                        // `Date64` values are milliseconds representation of `Date32` values,
-                        // according to its specification. So we convert the `Date64` value here to
-                        // the `Date32` value to process them unified.
-                        let v = Date::new((array.value(i) / 86_400_000) as i32);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Timestamp(time_unit, _) => {
-                        let v = match time_unit {
-                            TimeUnit::Second => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<TimestampSecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<TimestampMillisecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<TimestampMicrosecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<TimestampNanosecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                        };
-                        let mut ts = Timestamp::new(v, time_unit.into());
-                        if let Some(epoch) = self.epoch
-                            && let Some(converted) = epoch.convert_timestamp(ts)
-                        {
-                            ts = converted;
-                        }
-                        self.push(ts)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Time32(time_unit) | DataType::Time64(time_unit) => {
-                        let v = match time_unit {
-                            TimeUnit::Second => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<Time32SecondType>();
-                                Time::new_second(array.value(i) as i64)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<Time32MillisecondType>();
-                                Time::new_millisecond(array.value(i) as i64)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<Time64MicrosecondType>();
-                                Time::new_microsecond(array.value(i))
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<Time64NanosecondType>();
-                                Time::new_nanosecond(array.value(i))
-                            }
-                        };
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Interval(interval_unit) => match interval_unit {
-                        IntervalUnit::YearMonth => {
-                            let array = array.as_primitive::<IntervalYearMonthType>();
-                            let v: IntervalYearMonth = array.value(i).into();
-                            self.push(v)?;
-                        }
-                        IntervalUnit::DayTime => {
-                            let array = array.as_primitive::<IntervalDayTimeType>();
-                            let v: IntervalDayTime = array.value(i).into();
-                            self.push(v)?;
-                        }
-                        IntervalUnit::MonthDayNano => {
-                            let array = array.as_primitive::<IntervalMonthDayNanoType>();
-                            let v: IntervalMonthDayNano = array.value(i).into();
-                            self.push(v)?;
-                        }
-                    },
-                    DataType::Duration(time_unit) => {
-                        let v = match time_unit {
-                            TimeUnit::Second => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<DurationSecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<DurationMillisecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<DurationMicrosecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
-                                let array = array.as_primitive::<DurationNanosecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                        };
-                        let d = Duration::new(v, time_unit.into());
-                        self.push(d)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::List(_) => {
-                        let v = ScalarValue::try_from_array(array, i).context(DataFusionSnafu)?;
-                        let v: datatypes::value::Value =
-                            v.try_into().context(ConvertScalarValueSnafu)?;
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Struct(_) => {
-                        let v = ScalarValue::try_from_array(array, i).context(DataFusionSnafu)?;
-                        let v: datatypes::value::Value =
-                            v.try_into().context(ConvertScalarValueSnafu)?;
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Decimal128(precision, scale) => {
-                        let array = array.as_primitive::<Decimal128Type>();
-                        let v = Decimal128::new(array.value(i), *precision, *scale);
-                        self.push(v)?;
-                    }
-                    _ => {
-                        return NotSupportedSnafu {
-                            feat: format!("convert {} to influxdb value", array.data_type()),
-                        }
-                        .fail();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            rows.push(self.finish())
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct InfluxdbOutput {
     pub statement_id: u32,

src/servers/src/http/result/prometheus_resp.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
 
+use arrow::array::{Array, AsArray};
+use arrow::datatypes::{Float64Type, TimestampMillisecondType};
+use arrow_schema::DataType;
 use axum::Json;
 use axum::http::HeaderValue;
 use axum::response::{IntoResponse, Response};
@@ -24,8 +27,6 @@ use common_error::status_code::StatusCode;
 use common_query::{Output, OutputData};
 use common_recordbatch::RecordBatches;
 use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
-use datatypes::scalars::ScalarVector;
-use datatypes::vectors::{Float64Vector, StringVector, TimestampMillisecondVector};
 use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use promql_parser::label::METRIC_NAME;
 use promql_parser::parser::value::ValueType;
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ use serde_json::Value;
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
 
 use crate::error::{
-    CollectRecordbatchSnafu, Result, UnexpectedResultSnafu, status_code_to_http_status,
+    ArrowSnafu, CollectRecordbatchSnafu, Result, UnexpectedResultSnafu, status_code_to_http_status,
 };
 use crate::http::header::{GREPTIME_DB_HEADER_METRICS, collect_plan_metrics};
 use crate::http::prometheus::{
@@ -247,13 +248,7 @@ impl PrometheusJsonResponse {
             // prepare things...
             let tag_columns = tag_column_indices
                 .iter()
-                .map(|i| {
-                    batch
-                        .column(*i)
-                        .as_any()
-                        .downcast_ref::<StringVector>()
-                        .unwrap()
-                })
+                .map(|i| batch.column(*i).as_string::<i32>())
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
             let tag_names = tag_column_indices
                 .iter()
@@ -261,22 +256,18 @@ impl PrometheusJsonResponse {
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
             let timestamp_column = batch
                 .column(timestamp_column_index)
-                .as_any()
-                .downcast_ref::<TimestampMillisecondVector>()
-                .unwrap();
-            let casted_field_column = batch
-                .column(first_field_column_index)
-                .cast(&ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype())
-                .unwrap();
-            let field_column = casted_field_column
-                .as_any()
-                .downcast_ref::<Float64Vector>()
-                .unwrap();
+                .as_primitive::<TimestampMillisecondType>();
+
+            let array =
+                arrow::compute::cast(batch.column(first_field_column_index), &DataType::Float64)
+                    .context(ArrowSnafu)?;
+            let field_column = array.as_primitive::<Float64Type>();
 
             // assemble rows
             for row_index in 0..batch.num_rows() {
                 // retrieve value
-                if let Some(v) = field_column.get_data(row_index) {
+                if field_column.is_valid(row_index) {
+                    let v = field_column.value(row_index);
                     // ignore all NaN values to reduce the amount of data to be sent.
                     if v.is_nan() {
                         continue;
@@ -289,14 +280,13 @@ impl PrometheusJsonResponse {
                     }
                     for (tag_column, tag_name) in tag_columns.iter().zip(tag_names.iter()) {
                         // TODO(ruihang): add test for NULL tag
-                        if let Some(tag_value) = tag_column.get_data(row_index) {
-                            tags.push((tag_name, tag_value));
+                        if tag_column.is_valid(row_index) {
+                            tags.push((tag_name, tag_column.value(row_index)));
                         }
                     }
 
                     // retrieve timestamp
-                    let timestamp_millis: i64 =
-                        timestamp_column.get_data(row_index).unwrap().into();
+                    let timestamp_millis = timestamp_column.value(row_index);
                     let timestamp = timestamp_millis as f64 / 1000.0;
 
                     buffer

src/servers/src/lib.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #![feature(try_blocks)]
 #![feature(exclusive_wrapper)]
 #![feature(if_let_guard)]
+#![feature(box_patterns)]
 
 use datafusion_expr::LogicalPlan;
 use datatypes::schema::Schema;

src/servers/src/mysql/writer.rs

@@ -16,22 +16,18 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 
 use arrow::array::{Array, AsArray};
 use arrow::datatypes::{
-    Date32Type, Decimal128Type, DurationMicrosecondType, DurationMillisecondType,
-    DurationNanosecondType, DurationSecondType, Float32Type, Float64Type, Int8Type, Int16Type,
-    Int32Type, Int64Type, IntervalDayTimeType, IntervalMonthDayNanoType, IntervalYearMonthType,
-    Time32MillisecondType, Time32SecondType, Time64MicrosecondType, Time64NanosecondType,
-    TimestampMicrosecondType, TimestampMillisecondType, TimestampNanosecondType,
-    TimestampSecondType, UInt8Type, UInt16Type, UInt32Type, UInt64Type,
+    Date32Type, Decimal128Type, Float32Type, Float64Type, Int8Type, Int16Type, Int32Type,
+    Int64Type, IntervalDayTimeType, IntervalMonthDayNanoType, IntervalYearMonthType, UInt8Type,
+    UInt16Type, UInt32Type, UInt64Type,
 };
-use arrow_schema::{DataType, IntervalUnit, TimeUnit};
+use arrow_schema::{DataType, IntervalUnit};
 use common_decimal::Decimal128;
 use common_error::ext::ErrorExt;
 use common_error::status_code::StatusCode;
 use common_query::{Output, OutputData};
 use common_recordbatch::{RecordBatch, SendableRecordBatchStream};
 use common_telemetry::{debug, error};
-use common_time::time::Time;
-use common_time::{Date, IntervalDayTime, IntervalMonthDayNano, IntervalYearMonth, Timestamp};
+use common_time::{Date, IntervalDayTime, IntervalMonthDayNano, IntervalYearMonth};
 use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
 use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
 use datatypes::schema::SchemaRef;
@@ -312,26 +308,8 @@ impl<'a, W: AsyncWrite + Unpin> MysqlResultWriter<'a, W> {
                         let v = Date::new(array.value(i));
                         row_writer.write_col(v.to_chrono_date())?;
                     }
-                    DataType::Timestamp(time_unit, _) => {
-                        let v = match time_unit {
-                            TimeUnit::Second => {
-                                let array = column.as_primitive::<TimestampSecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
-                                let array = column.as_primitive::<TimestampMillisecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
-                                let array = column.as_primitive::<TimestampMicrosecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
-                                let array = column.as_primitive::<TimestampNanosecondType>();
-                                array.value(i)
-                            }
-                        };
-                        let v = Timestamp::new(v, time_unit.into());
+                    DataType::Timestamp(_, _) => {
+                        let v = datatypes::arrow_array::timestamp_array_value(column, i);
                         let v = v.to_chrono_datetime_with_timezone(Some(&query_context.timezone()));
                         row_writer.write_col(v)?;
                     }
@@ -352,28 +330,11 @@ impl<'a, W: AsyncWrite + Unpin> MysqlResultWriter<'a, W> {
                             row_writer.write_col(v.to_iso8601_string())?;
                         }
                     },
-                    DataType::Duration(time_unit) => match time_unit {
-                        TimeUnit::Second => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<DurationSecondType>();
-                            let v = array.value(i);
-                            row_writer.write_col(Duration::from_secs(v as u64))?;
-                        }
-                        TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<DurationMillisecondType>();
-                            let v = array.value(i);
-                            row_writer.write_col(Duration::from_millis(v as u64))?;
-                        }
-                        TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<DurationMicrosecondType>();
-                            let v = array.value(i);
-                            row_writer.write_col(Duration::from_micros(v as u64))?;
-                        }
-                        TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<DurationNanosecondType>();
-                            let v = array.value(i);
-                            row_writer.write_col(Duration::from_nanos(v as u64))?;
-                        }
-                    },
+                    DataType::Duration(_) => {
+                        let v: Duration =
+                            datatypes::arrow_array::duration_array_value(column, i).into();
+                        row_writer.write_col(v)?;
+                    }
                     DataType::List(_) => {
                         let v = ScalarValue::try_from_array(column, i).context(DataFusionSnafu)?;
                         row_writer.write_col(v.to_string())?;
@@ -382,37 +343,8 @@ impl<'a, W: AsyncWrite + Unpin> MysqlResultWriter<'a, W> {
                         let v = ScalarValue::try_from_array(column, i).context(DataFusionSnafu)?;
                         row_writer.write_col(v.to_string())?;
                     }
-                    DataType::Time32(time_unit) => {
-                        let time = match time_unit {
-                            TimeUnit::Second => {
-                                let array = column.as_primitive::<Time32SecondType>();
-                                Time::new_second(array.value(i) as i64)
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
-                                let array = column.as_primitive::<Time32MillisecondType>();
-                                Time::new_millisecond(array.value(i) as i64)
-                            }
-                            _ => unreachable!(
-                                "`DataType::Time32` has only second and millisecond time units"
-                            ),
-                        };
-                        let v = time.to_timezone_aware_string(Some(&query_context.timezone()));
-                        row_writer.write_col(v)?;
-                    }
-                    DataType::Time64(time_unit) => {
-                        let time = match time_unit {
-                            TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
-                                let array = column.as_primitive::<Time64MicrosecondType>();
-                                Time::new_microsecond(array.value(i))
-                            }
-                            TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
-                                let array = column.as_primitive::<Time64NanosecondType>();
-                                Time::new_nanosecond(array.value(i))
-                            }
-                            _ => unreachable!(
-                                "`DataType::Time64` has only microsecond and nanosecond time units"
-                            ),
-                        };
+                    DataType::Time32(_) | DataType::Time64(_) => {
+                        let time = datatypes::arrow_array::time_array_value(column, i);
                         let v = time.to_timezone_aware_string(Some(&query_context.timezone()));
                         row_writer.write_col(v)?;
                     }

src/servers/src/postgres/types.rs

@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use arrow::array::{Array, ArrayRef, AsArray};
 use arrow::datatypes::{
-    Date32Type, Date64Type, Decimal128Type, DurationMicrosecondType, DurationMillisecondType,
-    DurationNanosecondType, DurationSecondType, Float32Type, Float64Type, Int8Type, Int16Type,
+    Date32Type, Date64Type, Decimal128Type, Float32Type, Float64Type, Int8Type, Int16Type,
     Int32Type, Int64Type, IntervalDayTimeType, IntervalMonthDayNanoType, IntervalYearMonthType,
     Time32MillisecondType, Time32SecondType, Time64MicrosecondType, Time64NanosecondType,
     TimestampMicrosecondType, TimestampMillisecondType, TimestampNanosecondType,
@@ -34,9 +33,7 @@ use chrono::{DateTime, NaiveDate, NaiveDateTime, NaiveTime};
 use common_decimal::Decimal128;
 use common_recordbatch::RecordBatch;
 use common_time::time::Time;
-use common_time::{
-    Date, Duration, IntervalDayTime, IntervalMonthDayNano, IntervalYearMonth, Timestamp,
-};
+use common_time::{Date, IntervalDayTime, IntervalMonthDayNano, IntervalYearMonth, Timestamp};
 use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
 use datafusion_expr::LogicalPlan;
 use datatypes::arrow::datatypes::DataType as ArrowDataType;
@@ -567,26 +564,8 @@ impl RecordBatchRowIterator {
                     });
                     encoder.encode_field(&date)?;
                 }
-                DataType::Timestamp(time_unit, _) => {
-                    let v = match time_unit {
-                        TimeUnit::Second => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<TimestampSecondType>();
-                            array.value(i)
-                        }
-                        TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<TimestampMillisecondType>();
-                            array.value(i)
-                        }
-                        TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<TimestampMicrosecondType>();
-                            array.value(i)
-                        }
-                        TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<TimestampNanosecondType>();
-                            array.value(i)
-                        }
-                    };
-                    let v = Timestamp::new(v, time_unit.into());
+                DataType::Timestamp(_, _) => {
+                    let v = datatypes::arrow_array::timestamp_array_value(column, i);
                     let datetime = v
                         .to_chrono_datetime_with_timezone(Some(&self.query_ctx.timezone()))
                         .map(|v| {
@@ -613,26 +592,8 @@ impl RecordBatchRowIterator {
                         encoder.encode_field(&PgInterval::from(v))?;
                     }
                 },
-                DataType::Duration(time_unit) => {
-                    let v = match time_unit {
-                        TimeUnit::Second => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<DurationSecondType>();
-                            array.value(i)
-                        }
-                        TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<DurationMillisecondType>();
-                            array.value(i)
-                        }
-                        TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<DurationMicrosecondType>();
-                            array.value(i)
-                        }
-                        TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<DurationNanosecondType>();
-                            array.value(i)
-                        }
-                    };
-                    let d = Duration::new(v, time_unit.into());
+                DataType::Duration(_) => {
+                    let d = datatypes::arrow_array::duration_array_value(column, i);
                     match PgInterval::try_from(d) {
                         Ok(i) => encoder.encode_field(&i)?,
                         Err(e) => {
@@ -650,25 +611,8 @@ impl RecordBatchRowIterator {
                 DataType::Struct(_) => {
                     encode_struct(&self.query_ctx, Default::default(), encoder)?;
                 }
-                DataType::Time32(time_unit) | DataType::Time64(time_unit) => {
-                    let v = match time_unit {
-                        TimeUnit::Second => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<Time32SecondType>();
-                            Time::new_second(array.value(i) as i64)
-                        }
-                        TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<Time32MillisecondType>();
-                            Time::new_millisecond(array.value(i) as i64)
-                        }
-                        TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<Time64MicrosecondType>();
-                            Time::new_microsecond(array.value(i))
-                        }
-                        TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
-                            let array = column.as_primitive::<Time64NanosecondType>();
-                            Time::new_nanosecond(array.value(i))
-                        }
-                    };
+                DataType::Time32(_) | DataType::Time64(_) => {
+                    let v = datatypes::arrow_array::time_array_value(column, i);
                     encoder.encode_field(&v.to_chrono_time())?;
                 }
                 DataType::Decimal128(precision, scale) => {

src/servers/src/prom_store.rs

@@ -21,18 +21,18 @@ use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use api::prom_store::remote::label_matcher::Type as MatcherType;
 use api::prom_store::remote::{Label, Query, ReadRequest, Sample, TimeSeries, WriteRequest};
 use api::v1::RowInsertRequests;
+use arrow::array::{Array, AsArray};
+use arrow::datatypes::{Float64Type, TimestampMillisecondType};
 use common_grpc::precision::Precision;
 use common_query::prelude::{greptime_timestamp, greptime_value};
 use common_recordbatch::{RecordBatch, RecordBatches};
 use common_telemetry::tracing;
-use common_time::timestamp::TimeUnit;
 use datafusion::prelude::{Expr, col, lit, regexp_match};
 use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
 use datafusion_expr::LogicalPlan;
-use datatypes::prelude::{ConcreteDataType, Value};
 use openmetrics_parser::{MetricsExposition, PrometheusType, PrometheusValue};
 use query::dataframe::DataFrame;
-use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt, ensure};
+use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
 use snap::raw::{Decoder, Encoder};
 
 use crate::error::{self, Result};
@@ -233,6 +233,24 @@ fn collect_timeseries_ids(table_name: &str, recordbatch: &RecordBatch) -> Vec<Ti
     let row_count = recordbatch.num_rows();
     let mut timeseries_ids = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
 
+    let column_names = recordbatch
+        .schema
+        .column_schemas()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|column_schema| &column_schema.name);
+    let columns = column_names
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|(_, column_name)| {
+            *column_name != greptime_timestamp() && *column_name != greptime_value()
+        })
+        .map(|(i, column_name)| {
+            (
+                column_name,
+                recordbatch.iter_column_as_string(i).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
     for row in 0..row_count {
         let mut labels = Vec::with_capacity(recordbatch.num_columns() - 1);
         labels.push(new_label(
@@ -240,20 +258,10 @@ fn collect_timeseries_ids(table_name: &str, recordbatch: &RecordBatch) -> Vec<Ti
             table_name.to_string(),
         ));
 
-        for (i, column_schema) in recordbatch.schema.column_schemas().iter().enumerate() {
-            if column_schema.name == greptime_value() || column_schema.name == greptime_timestamp()
-            {
-                continue;
+        for (column_name, column_values) in columns.iter() {
+            if let Some(value) = &column_values[row] {
+                labels.push(new_label((*column_name).clone(), value.clone()));
             }
-
-            let column = &recordbatch.columns()[i];
-            // A label with an empty label value is considered equivalent to a label that does not exist.
-            if column.is_null(row) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            let value = column.get(row).to_string();
-            labels.push(new_label(column_schema.name.clone(), value));
         }
         timeseries_ids.push(TimeSeriesId { labels });
     }
@@ -280,30 +288,28 @@ fn recordbatch_to_timeseries(table: &str, recordbatch: RecordBatch) -> Result<Ve
             msg: "missing greptime_timestamp column in query result",
         },
     )?;
-    ensure!(
-        ts_column.data_type() == ConcreteDataType::timestamp_millisecond_datatype(),
-        error::InvalidPromRemoteReadQueryResultSnafu {
+    let ts_column = ts_column
+        .as_primitive_opt::<TimestampMillisecondType>()
+        .with_context(|| error::InvalidPromRemoteReadQueryResultSnafu {
             msg: format!(
                 "Expect timestamp column of datatype Timestamp(Millisecond), actual {:?}",
                 ts_column.data_type()
-            )
-        }
-    );
+            ),
+        })?;
 
     let field_column = recordbatch.column_by_name(greptime_value()).context(
         error::InvalidPromRemoteReadQueryResultSnafu {
             msg: "missing greptime_value column in query result",
         },
     )?;
-    ensure!(
-        field_column.data_type() == ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype(),
-        error::InvalidPromRemoteReadQueryResultSnafu {
+    let field_column = field_column
+        .as_primitive_opt::<Float64Type>()
+        .with_context(|| error::InvalidPromRemoteReadQueryResultSnafu {
             msg: format!(
                 "Expect value column of datatype Float64, actual {:?}",
                 field_column.data_type()
-            )
-        }
-    );
+            ),
+        })?;
 
     // First, collect each row's timeseries id
     let timeseries_ids = collect_timeseries_ids(table, &recordbatch);
@@ -322,14 +328,8 @@ fn recordbatch_to_timeseries(table: &str, recordbatch: RecordBatch) -> Result<Ve
             continue;
         }
 
-        let value: f64 = match field_column.get(row) {
-            Value::Float64(value) => value.into(),
-            _ => unreachable!("checked by the \"ensure\" above"),
-        };
-        let timestamp = match ts_column.get(row) {
-            Value::Timestamp(t) if t.unit() == TimeUnit::Millisecond => t.value(),
-            _ => unreachable!("checked by the \"ensure\" above"),
-        };
+        let value = field_column.value(row);
+        let timestamp = ts_column.value(row);
         let sample = Sample { value, timestamp };
 
         timeseries.samples.push(sample);
@@ -579,6 +579,7 @@ mod tests {
     use api::prom_store::remote::LabelMatcher;
     use api::v1::{ColumnDataType, Row, SemanticType};
     use datafusion::prelude::SessionContext;
+    use datatypes::data_type::ConcreteDataType;
     use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, Schema};
     use datatypes::vectors::{Float64Vector, StringVector, TimestampMillisecondVector};
     use table::table::adapter::DfTableProviderAdapter;

src/table/src/table/numbers.rs

@@ -166,9 +166,9 @@ impl Stream for NumbersStream {
             batch = batch.project(projection).unwrap();
         }
 
-        Poll::Ready(Some(RecordBatch::try_from_df_record_batch(
+        Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(RecordBatch::from_df_record_batch(
             self.projected_schema.clone(),
             batch,
-        )))
+        ))))
     }
 }

src/table/src/table/scan.rs

@@ -444,14 +444,10 @@ impl Stream for StreamWithMetricWrapper {
                 }
                 match result {
                     Ok(record_batch) => {
-                        let batch_mem_size = record_batch
-                            .columns()
-                            .iter()
-                            .map(|vec_ref| vec_ref.memory_size())
-                            .sum::<usize>();
                         // we don't record elapsed time here
                         // since it's calling storage api involving I/O ops
-                        this.metric.record_mem_usage(batch_mem_size);
+                        this.metric
+                            .record_mem_usage(record_batch.buffer_memory_size());
                         this.metric.record_output(record_batch.num_rows());
                         Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(record_batch.into_df_record_batch())))
                     }

src/table/src/test_util/memtable.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ use snafu::prelude::*;
 use store_api::data_source::DataSource;
 use store_api::storage::{RegionNumber, ScanRequest};
 
-use crate::error::{SchemaConversionSnafu, TableProjectionSnafu, TablesRecordBatchSnafu};
+use crate::error::{SchemaConversionSnafu, TableProjectionSnafu};
 use crate::metadata::{
     FilterPushDownType, TableId, TableInfoBuilder, TableMetaBuilder, TableType, TableVersion,
 };
@@ -146,17 +146,14 @@ impl DataSource for MemtableDataSource {
         };
         let df_recordbatch = df_recordbatch.slice(0, limit);
 
-        let recordbatch = RecordBatch::try_from_df_record_batch(
+        let recordbatch = RecordBatch::from_df_record_batch(
             Arc::new(
                 Schema::try_from(df_recordbatch.schema())
                     .context(SchemaConversionSnafu)
                     .map_err(BoxedError::new)?,
             ),
             df_recordbatch,
-        )
-        .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-        .context(TablesRecordBatchSnafu)
-        .map_err(BoxedError::new)?;
+        );
 
         Ok(Box::pin(MemtableStream {
             schema: recordbatch.schema.clone(),

tests-integration/src/tests/instance_kafka_wal_test.rs

@@ -18,9 +18,8 @@ use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
 
 use client::DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME;
 use common_query::{Output, OutputData};
-use datatypes::arrow::array::AsArray;
+use datatypes::arrow::array::{ArrayRef, AsArray, TimestampMillisecondArray};
 use datatypes::arrow::datatypes::TimestampMillisecondType;
-use datatypes::vectors::{TimestampMillisecondVector, VectorRef};
 use frontend::instance::Instance;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use rand::Rng;
@@ -85,12 +84,10 @@ async fn test_create_database_and_insert_query(
         OutputData::Stream(s) => {
             let batches = common_recordbatch::util::collect(s).await.unwrap();
             assert_eq!(1, batches[0].num_columns());
-            assert_eq!(
-                Arc::new(TimestampMillisecondVector::from_vec(vec![
-                    1655276557000_i64
-                ])) as VectorRef,
-                *batches[0].column(0)
-            );
+            let expected = Arc::new(TimestampMillisecondArray::from_iter_values(vec![
+                1655276557000_i64,
+            ])) as ArrayRef;
+            assert_eq!(batches[0].column(0), &expected);
         }
         _ => unreachable!(),
     }
@@ -226,7 +223,7 @@ async fn ensure_data_exists(tables: &[Table], instance: &Arc<Instance>) {
         let queried = record_batches
             .into_iter()
             .flat_map(|rb| {
-                let array = rb.column(0).to_arrow_array();
+                let array = rb.column(0);
                 let array = array.as_primitive::<TimestampMillisecondType>();
                 array.iter().flatten().map(|x| x as u64).collect::<Vec<_>>()
             })

tests-integration/src/tests/instance_test.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ use common_query::Output;
 use common_recordbatch::util;
 use common_test_util::recordbatch::check_output_stream;
 use common_test_util::temp_dir;
-use datatypes::vectors::{StringVector, TimestampMillisecondVector, UInt64Vector, VectorRef};
+use datatypes::arrow::array::{
+    ArrayRef, AsArray, StringArray, TimestampMillisecondArray, UInt64Array,
+};
 use frontend::error::{Error, Result};
 use frontend::instance::Instance;
 use operator::error::Error as OperatorError;
@@ -77,12 +79,10 @@ async fn test_create_database_and_insert_query(instance: Arc<dyn MockInstance>)
         OutputData::Stream(s) => {
             let batches = util::collect(s).await.unwrap();
             assert_eq!(1, batches[0].num_columns());
-            assert_eq!(
-                Arc::new(TimestampMillisecondVector::from_vec(vec![
-                    1655276557000_i64
-                ])) as VectorRef,
-                *batches[0].column(0)
-            );
+            let expected = Arc::new(TimestampMillisecondArray::from_iter_values(vec![
+                1655276557000_i64,
+            ])) as ArrayRef;
+            assert_eq!(batches[0].column(0), &expected);
         }
         _ => unreachable!(),
     }
@@ -210,7 +210,8 @@ async fn test_show_create_external_table(instance: Arc<dyn MockInstance>) {
     // We can't directly test `show create table` by check_output_stream because the location name length depends on the current filesystem.
     let record_batches = record_batches.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
     let column = record_batches[0].column_by_name("Create Table").unwrap();
-    let actual = column.get(0);
+    let column = column.as_string::<i32>();
+    let actual = column.value(0);
     let expect = format!(
         r#"CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "various_type_csv" (
   "c_int" BIGINT NULL,
@@ -312,14 +313,11 @@ async fn assert_query_result(instance: &Arc<Instance>, sql: &str, ts: i64, host:
             let batches = util::collect(s).await.unwrap();
             // let columns = batches[0].df_recordbatch.columns();
             assert_eq!(2, batches[0].num_columns());
-            assert_eq!(
-                Arc::new(StringVector::from(vec![host])) as VectorRef,
-                *batches[0].column(0)
-            );
-            assert_eq!(
-                Arc::new(TimestampMillisecondVector::from_vec(vec![ts])) as VectorRef,
-                *batches[0].column(1)
-            );
+            let expected = vec![
+                Arc::new(StringArray::from_iter_values(vec![host])) as ArrayRef,
+                Arc::new(TimestampMillisecondArray::from_iter_values(vec![ts])) as ArrayRef,
+            ];
+            assert_eq!(batches[0].columns(), &expected);
         }
         _ => unreachable!(),
     }
@@ -446,10 +444,8 @@ async fn test_execute_query(instance: Arc<dyn MockInstance>) {
             assert_eq!(1, numbers[0].num_columns());
             assert_eq!(numbers[0].column(0).len(), 1);
 
-            assert_eq!(
-                Arc::new(UInt64Vector::from_vec(vec![4950_u64])) as VectorRef,
-                *numbers[0].column(0),
-            );
+            let expected = Arc::new(UInt64Array::from_iter_values(vec![4950_u64])) as ArrayRef;
+            assert_eq!(numbers[0].column(0), &expected);
         }
         _ => unreachable!(),
     }
@@ -2175,7 +2171,8 @@ async fn test_custom_storage(instance: Arc<dyn MockInstance>) {
 
             let record_batches = record_batches.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
             let column = record_batches[0].column_by_name("Create Table").unwrap();
-            let actual = column.get(0);
+            let column = column.as_string::<i32>();
+            let actual = column.value(0);
 
             let expect = if instance.is_distributed_mode() {
                 format!(

tests-integration/tests/region_migration.rs

@@ -34,9 +34,8 @@ use common_test_util::temp_dir::create_temp_dir;
 use common_wal::config::kafka::common::{KafkaConnectionConfig, KafkaTopicConfig};
 use common_wal::config::kafka::{DatanodeKafkaConfig, MetasrvKafkaConfig};
 use common_wal::config::{DatanodeWalConfig, MetasrvWalConfig};
-use datatypes::prelude::ScalarVector;
-use datatypes::value::Value;
-use datatypes::vectors::{Helper, UInt64Vector};
+use datatypes::arrow::array::AsArray;
+use datatypes::arrow::datatypes::UInt64Type;
 use frontend::error::Result as FrontendResult;
 use frontend::instance::Instance;
 use futures::future::BoxFuture;
@@ -1189,12 +1188,12 @@ async fn find_region_distribution_by_sql(
     let mut distribution = RegionDistribution::new();
 
     for batch in recordbatches.take() {
-        let datanode_ids: &UInt64Vector =
-            unsafe { Helper::static_cast(batch.column_by_name("datanode_id").unwrap()) };
-        let region_ids: &UInt64Vector =
-            unsafe { Helper::static_cast(batch.column_by_name("region_id").unwrap()) };
+        let column = batch.column_by_name("datanode_id").unwrap();
+        let datanode_ids = column.as_primitive::<UInt64Type>();
+        let column = batch.column_by_name("region_id").unwrap();
+        let region_ids = column.as_primitive::<UInt64Type>();
 
-        for (datanode_id, region_id) in datanode_ids.iter_data().zip(region_ids.iter_data()) {
+        for (datanode_id, region_id) in datanode_ids.iter().zip(region_ids.iter()) {
             let (Some(datanode_id), Some(region_id)) = (datanode_id, region_id) else {
                 unreachable!();
             };
@@ -1231,11 +1230,10 @@ async fn trigger_migration_by_sql(
 
     info!("SQL result:\n {}", recordbatches.pretty_print().unwrap());
 
-    let Value::String(procedure_id) = recordbatches.take()[0].column(0).get(0) else {
-        unreachable!();
-    };
-
-    procedure_id.as_utf8().to_string()
+    let record_batch = &recordbatches.take()[0];
+    let column = record_batch.column(0);
+    let column = column.as_string::<i32>();
+    column.value(0).to_string()
 }
 
 /// Query procedure state by SQL.
@@ -1254,11 +1252,10 @@ async fn query_procedure_by_sql(instance: &Arc<Instance>, pid: &str) -> String {
 
     info!("SQL result:\n {}", recordbatches.pretty_print().unwrap());
 
-    let Value::String(state) = recordbatches.take()[0].column(0).get(0) else {
-        unreachable!();
-    };
-
-    state.as_utf8().to_string()
+    let record_batch = &recordbatches.take()[0];
+    let column = record_batch.column(0);
+    let column = column.as_string::<i32>();
+    column.value(0).to_string()
 }
 
 async fn insert_values(instance: &Arc<Instance>, ts: u64) -> Vec<FrontendResult<Output>> {

tests-integration/tests/sql.rs

@@ -307,13 +307,7 @@ pub async fn test_mysql_crud(store_type: StorageType) {
             }
         });
         assert_eq!(json, expected_j);
-        assert_eq!(
-            vector,
-            [1.0f32, 2.0, 3.0]
-                .iter()
-                .flat_map(|x| x.to_le_bytes())
-                .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
-        );
+        assert_eq!(vector, "[1,2,3]".as_bytes());
     }
 
     let rows = sqlx::query("select i from demo where i=?")