fix: show tables too slow cherry pick (#7244)

v0.12.1

fix: `show tables` is too slow under large tables

Signed-off-by: luofucong <luofc@foxmail.com>

.github/actions/build-greptime-images/action.yml

@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ inputs:
     required: true
   push-latest-tag:
     description: Whether to push the latest tag
-    required: false
-    default: 'true'
+    required: true
+    default: 'false'
 runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
@@ -47,7 +47,11 @@ runs:
         password: ${{ inputs.image-registry-password }}
 
     - name: Set up qemu for multi-platform builds
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      with:
+        platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+        # The latest version will lead to segmentation fault.
+        image: tonistiigi/binfmt:qemu-v7.0.0-28
 
     - name: Set up buildx
       uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2

.github/actions/build-images/action.yml

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ inputs:
     required: true
   push-latest-tag:
     description: Whether to push the latest tag
-    required: false
-    default: 'true'
+    required: true
+    default: 'false'
   dev-mode:
     description: Enable dev mode, only build standard greptime
     required: false

.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts/action.yaml

@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ inputs:
     required: true
   upload-to-s3:
     description: Upload to S3
-    required: false
-    default: 'true'
+    required: true
+    default: 'false'
   artifacts-dir:
     description: Directory to store artifacts
     required: false
@@ -77,13 +77,21 @@ runs:
       with:
         path: ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}
 
+    - name: Install s5cmd
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        wget https://github.com/peak/s5cmd/releases/download/v2.3.0/s5cmd_2.3.0_Linux-64bit.tar.gz
+        tar -xzf s5cmd_2.3.0_Linux-64bit.tar.gz
+        sudo mv s5cmd /usr/local/bin/
+        sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/s5cmd
+
     - name: Release artifacts to cn region
       uses: nick-invision/retry@v2
       if: ${{ inputs.upload-to-s3 == 'true' }}
       env:
         AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ inputs.aws-cn-access-key-id }}
         AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ inputs.aws-cn-secret-access-key }}
-        AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: ${{ inputs.aws-cn-region }}
+        AWS_REGION: ${{ inputs.aws-cn-region }}
         UPDATE_VERSION_INFO: ${{ inputs.update-version-info }}
       with:
         max_attempts: ${{ inputs.upload-max-retry-times }}

.github/actions/setup-etcd-cluster/action.yml

@@ -24,4 +24,9 @@ runs:
         --set auth.rbac.token.enabled=false \
         --set persistence.size=2Gi \
         --create-namespace \
+        --set global.security.allowInsecureImages=true \
+        --set image.registry=docker.io \
+        --set image.repository=greptime/etcd \
+        --set image.tag=3.6.1-debian-12-r3 \
+        --version 12.0.8 \
         -n ${{ inputs.namespace }}

.github/actions/setup-greptimedb-cluster/action.yml

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ runs:
     run: | 
       helm upgrade \
         --install my-greptimedb \
-        --set meta.etcdEndpoints=${{ inputs.etcd-endpoints }} \
+        --set meta.backendStorage.etcd.endpoints=${{ inputs.etcd-endpoints }} \
         --set meta.enableRegionFailover=${{ inputs.enable-region-failover }} \
         --set image.registry=${{ inputs.image-registry }} \
         --set image.repository=${{ inputs.image-repository }}  \

.github/actions/setup-kafka-cluster/action.yml

@@ -23,4 +23,8 @@ runs:
         --set listeners.controller.protocol=PLAINTEXT \
         --set listeners.client.protocol=PLAINTEXT \
         --create-namespace \
+        --set image.registry=docker.io \
+        --set image.repository=greptime/kafka \
+        --set image.tag=3.9.0-debian-12-r1 \
+        --version 31.0.0 \
         -n ${{ inputs.namespace }}

.github/scripts/pull-test-deps-images.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# This script is used to pull the test dependency images that are stored in public ECR one by one to avoid rate limiting.
+
+set -e
+
+MAX_RETRIES=3
+
+IMAGES=(
+  "greptime/zookeeper:3.7"
+  "greptime/kafka:3.9.0-debian-12-r1"
+  "greptime/etcd:3.6.1-debian-12-r3"
+  "greptime/minio:2024"
+  "greptime/mysql:5.7"
+)
+
+for image in "${IMAGES[@]}"; do
+  for ((attempt=1; attempt<=MAX_RETRIES; attempt++)); do
+    if docker pull "$image"; then
+      # Successfully pulled the image.
+      break
+    else
+      # Use some simple exponential backoff to avoid rate limiting.
+      if [ $attempt -lt $MAX_RETRIES ]; then
+        sleep_seconds=$((attempt * 5))
+        echo "Attempt $attempt failed for $image, waiting $sleep_seconds seconds"
+        sleep $sleep_seconds  # 5s, 10s delays
+      else
+        echo "Failed to pull $image after $MAX_RETRIES attempts"
+        exit 1
+      fi
+    fi
+  done
+done

.github/scripts/upload-artifacts-to-s3.sh

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ function upload_artifacts() {
   #    ├── greptime-darwin-amd64-v0.2.0.sha256sum
   #    └── greptime-darwin-amd64-v0.2.0.tar.gz
   find "$ARTIFACTS_DIR" -type f \( -name "*.tar.gz" -o -name "*.sha256sum" \) | while IFS= read -r file; do
-    aws s3 cp \
+    s5cmd cp \
       "$file" "s3://$AWS_S3_BUCKET/$RELEASE_DIRS/$VERSION/$(basename "$file")"
   done
 }
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ function update_version_info() {
     if [[ "$VERSION" =~ ^v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$ ]]; then
       echo "Updating latest-version.txt"
       echo "$VERSION" > latest-version.txt
-      aws s3 cp \
+      s5cmd cp \
         latest-version.txt "s3://$AWS_S3_BUCKET/$RELEASE_DIRS/latest-version.txt"
     fi
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ function update_version_info() {
     if [[ "$VERSION" == *"nightly"* ]]; then
       echo "Updating latest-nightly-version.txt"
       echo "$VERSION" > latest-nightly-version.txt
-      aws s3 cp \
+      s5cmd cp \
         latest-nightly-version.txt "s3://$AWS_S3_BUCKET/$RELEASE_DIRS/latest-nightly-version.txt"
     fi
   fi

.github/workflows/apidoc.yml

@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ name: Build API docs
 
 jobs:
   apidoc:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
     - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
       with:
         repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/dependency-check.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - name: Checkout code
       uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Set up Rust
       uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1

.github/workflows/dev-build.yml

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ on:
         description: The runner uses to build linux-amd64 artifacts
         default: ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64
         options:
-          - ubuntu-20.04
-          - ubuntu-20.04-8-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-16-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-32-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-64-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04
+          - ubuntu-22.04-8-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-16-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-32-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-64-cores
           - ec2-c6i.xlarge-amd64 # 4C8G
           - ec2-c6i.2xlarge-amd64 # 8C16G
           - ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64 # 16C32G
@@ -76,20 +76,14 @@ env:
 
   NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX: nightly
 
-  # Use the different image name to avoid conflict with the release images.
-  IMAGE_NAME: greptimedb-dev
-
   # The source code will check out in the following path: '${WORKING_DIR}/dev/greptime'.
   CHECKOUT_GREPTIMEDB_PATH: dev/greptimedb
 
-permissions:
-  issues: write
-
 jobs:
   allocate-runners:
     name: Allocate runners
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     outputs:
       linux-amd64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-amd64-runner.outputs.label }}
       linux-arm64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-arm64-runner.outputs.label }}
@@ -107,6 +101,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Create version
         id: create-version
@@ -161,6 +156,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Checkout greptimedb
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -168,6 +164,7 @@ jobs:
           repository: ${{ inputs.repository }}
           ref: ${{ inputs.commit }}
           path: ${{ env.CHECKOUT_GREPTIMEDB_PATH }}
+          persist-credentials: true
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
         with:
@@ -192,6 +189,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Checkout greptimedb
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -199,6 +197,7 @@ jobs:
           repository: ${{ inputs.repository }}
           ref: ${{ inputs.commit }}
           path: ${{ env.CHECKOUT_GREPTIMEDB_PATH }}
+          persist-credentials: true
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
         with:
@@ -219,20 +218,21 @@ jobs:
       build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
       build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     outputs:
       build-result: ${{ steps.set-build-result.outputs.build-result }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build and push images to dockerhub
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-images
         with:
           image-registry: docker.io
           image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          image-name: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+          image-name: ${{ vars.DEV_BUILD_IMAGE_NAME }}
           image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
           version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
@@ -251,19 +251,20 @@ jobs:
       allocate-runners,
       release-images-to-dockerhub,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     continue-on-error: true
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Release artifacts to CN region
         uses: ./.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts
         with:
           src-image-registry: docker.io
           src-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          src-image-name: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+          src-image-name: ${{ vars.DEV_BUILD_IMAGE_NAME }}
           dst-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
           dst-image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
           dst-image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
@@ -273,6 +274,7 @@ jobs:
           aws-cn-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
           aws-cn-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
           aws-cn-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
+          upload-to-s3: false
           dev-mode: true                     # Only build the standard images(exclude centos images).
           push-latest-tag: false             # Don't push the latest tag to registry.
           update-version-info: false         # Don't update the version info in S3.
@@ -281,7 +283,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Stop linux-amd64 runner
     # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
     if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     needs: [
       allocate-runners,
       build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
@@ -291,6 +293,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Stop EC2 runner
         uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -306,7 +309,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Stop linux-arm64 runner
     # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
     if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     needs: [
       allocate-runners,
       build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
@@ -316,6 +319,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Stop EC2 runner
         uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -333,11 +337,17 @@ jobs:
     needs: [
       release-images-to-dockerhub
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+
     env:
       SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Report CI status
         id: report-ci-status

.github/workflows/develop.yml

@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
-  check-typos-and-docs:
-    name: Check typos and docs
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+  check-docs:
+    name: Check docs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: crate-ci/typos@master
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Check the config docs
         run: |
           make config-docs && \
@@ -34,10 +35,12 @@ jobs:
           || (echo "'config/config.md' is not up-to-date, please run 'make config-docs'." && exit 1)
 
   license-header-check:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     name: Check License Header
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: korandoru/hawkeye@v5
 
   check:
@@ -45,10 +48,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-20.04 ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-22.04 ]
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -66,10 +71,12 @@ jobs:
 
   toml:
     name: Toml Check
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
       - name: Install taplo
         run: cargo +stable install taplo-cli --version ^0.9 --locked --force
@@ -81,10 +88,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-20.04 ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-22.04 ]
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -139,6 +148,8 @@ jobs:
           echo "Disk space after:"
           df -h
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -192,6 +203,8 @@ jobs:
           echo "Disk space after:"
           df -h
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -234,10 +247,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-20.04 ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-22.04 ]
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -295,6 +310,8 @@ jobs:
           echo "Disk space after:"
           df -h
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Setup Kind
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-kind
       - if: matrix.mode.minio
@@ -437,6 +454,8 @@ jobs:
           echo "Disk space after:"
           df -h
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Setup Kind
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-kind
       - name: Setup Chaos Mesh
@@ -548,7 +567,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-20.04 ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-22.04 ]
         mode:
           - name: "Basic"
             opts: ""
@@ -562,10 +581,13 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - if: matrix.mode.kafka
         name: Setup kafka server
         working-directory: tests-integration/fixtures
-        run: docker compose up -d --wait kafka
+        run:  ../../.github/scripts/pull-test-deps-images.sh && docker compose up -d --wait kafka
+
       - name: Download pre-built binaries
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
@@ -585,10 +607,12 @@ jobs:
 
   fmt:
     name: Rustfmt
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -600,10 +624,12 @@ jobs:
 
   clippy:
     name: Clippy
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -626,6 +652,8 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Merge Conflict Finder
         uses: olivernybroe/action-conflict-finder@v4.0
 
@@ -636,6 +664,8 @@ jobs:
     needs:  [conflict-check, clippy, fmt]
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -655,7 +685,8 @@ jobs:
         uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
       - name: Setup external services
         working-directory: tests-integration/fixtures
-        run: docker compose up -d --wait
+        run: ../../.github/scripts/pull-test-deps-images.sh && docker compose up -d --wait
+
       - name: Run nextest cases
         run: cargo nextest run --workspace -F dashboard -F pg_kvbackend
         env:
@@ -680,10 +711,12 @@ jobs:
 
   coverage:
     if: github.event_name == 'merge_group'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04-8-cores
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04-8-cores
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -705,7 +738,8 @@ jobs:
         uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-llvm-cov
       - name: Setup external services
         working-directory: tests-integration/fixtures
-        run: docker compose up -d --wait
+        run: ../../.github/scripts/pull-test-deps-images.sh && docker compose up -d --wait
+
       - name: Run nextest cases
         run: cargo llvm-cov nextest --workspace --lcov --output-path lcov.info -F dashboard -F pg_kvbackend
         env:
@@ -738,7 +772,7 @@ jobs:
   # compat:
   #   name: Compatibility Test
   #   needs: build
-  #   runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+  #   runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
   #   timeout-minutes: 60
   #   steps:
   #     - uses: actions/checkout@v4

.github/workflows/docbot.yml

@@ -3,16 +3,17 @@ on:
   pull_request_target:
     types: [opened, edited]
 
-permissions:
-  pull-requests: write
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
   docbot:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    permissions:
+      pull-requests: write
+      contents: read
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Maybe Follow Up Docs Issue
         working-directory: cyborg

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -31,43 +31,47 @@ name: CI
 jobs:
   typos:
     name: Spell Check with Typos
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: crate-ci/typos@master
 
   license-header-check:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     name: Check License Header
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: korandoru/hawkeye@v5
 
   check:
     name: Check
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - run: 'echo "No action required"'
 
   fmt:
     name: Rustfmt
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - run: 'echo "No action required"'
 
   clippy:
     name: Clippy
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - run: 'echo "No action required"'
 
   coverage:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - run: 'echo "No action required"'
 
   test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - run: 'echo "No action required"'
 
@@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-20.04 ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-22.04 ]
         mode:
           - name: "Basic"
           - name: "Remote WAL"

.github/workflows/nightly-build.yml

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ on:
         description: The runner uses to build linux-amd64 artifacts
         default: ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64
         options:
-          - ubuntu-20.04
-          - ubuntu-20.04-8-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-16-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-32-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-64-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04
+          - ubuntu-22.04-8-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-16-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-32-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-64-cores
           - ec2-c6i.xlarge-amd64 # 4C8G
           - ec2-c6i.2xlarge-amd64 # 8C16G
           - ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64 # 16C32G
@@ -66,18 +66,11 @@ env:
 
   NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX: nightly
 
-  # Use the different image name to avoid conflict with the release images.
-  # The DockerHub image will be greptime/greptimedb-nightly.
-  IMAGE_NAME: greptimedb-nightly
-
-permissions:
-  issues: write
-
 jobs:
   allocate-runners:
     name: Allocate runners
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     outputs:
       linux-amd64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-amd64-runner.outputs.label }}
       linux-arm64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-arm64-runner.outputs.label }}
@@ -95,6 +88,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Create version
         id: create-version
@@ -147,6 +141,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
         with:
@@ -168,6 +163,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
         with:
@@ -186,24 +182,25 @@ jobs:
       build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
       build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     outputs:
       nightly-build-result: ${{ steps.set-nightly-build-result.outputs.nightly-build-result }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build and push images to dockerhub
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-images
         with:
           image-registry: docker.io
           image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          image-name: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+          image-name: ${{ vars.NIGHTLY_BUILD_IMAGE_NAME }}
           image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
           version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
-          push-latest-tag: true
+          push-latest-tag: false
 
       - name: Set nightly build result
         id: set-nightly-build-result
@@ -217,7 +214,7 @@ jobs:
       allocate-runners,
       release-images-to-dockerhub,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     # When we push to ACR, it's easy to fail due to some unknown network issues.
     # However, we don't want to fail the whole workflow because of this.
     # The ACR have daily sync with DockerHub, so don't worry about the image not being updated.
@@ -226,13 +223,14 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Release artifacts to CN region
         uses: ./.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts
         with:
           src-image-registry: docker.io
           src-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          src-image-name: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+          src-image-name: ${{ vars.NIGHTLY_BUILD_IMAGE_NAME }}
           dst-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
           dst-image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
           dst-image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
@@ -242,15 +240,16 @@ jobs:
           aws-cn-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
           aws-cn-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
           aws-cn-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
+          upload-to-s3: false
           dev-mode: false
           update-version-info: false  # Don't update version info in S3.
-          push-latest-tag: true
+          push-latest-tag: false
 
   stop-linux-amd64-runner: # It's always run as the last job in the workflow to make sure that the runner is released.
     name: Stop linux-amd64 runner
     # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
     if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     needs: [
       allocate-runners,
       build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
@@ -260,6 +259,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Stop EC2 runner
         uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Stop linux-arm64 runner
     # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
     if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     needs: [
       allocate-runners,
       build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Stop EC2 runner
         uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -302,11 +303,15 @@ jobs:
     needs: [
       release-images-to-dockerhub
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
     env:
       SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Report CI status
         id: report-ci-status

.github/workflows/nightly-ci.yml

@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
-permissions:
-  issues: write
-
 jobs:
   sqlness-test:
     name: Run sqlness test
@@ -22,6 +19,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Check install.sh
         run: ./.github/scripts/check-install-script.sh
@@ -46,9 +44,14 @@ jobs:
     name: Sqlness tests on Windows
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     runs-on: windows-2022-8-cores
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
@@ -76,6 +79,9 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - run: git config --global core.autocrlf false
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
@@ -111,9 +117,13 @@ jobs:
   cleanbuild-linux-nix:
     name: Run clean build on Linux
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v27
         with:
           nix_path: nixpkgs=channel:nixos-24.11
@@ -123,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Check status
     needs: [sqlness-test, sqlness-windows, test-on-windows]
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     outputs:
       check-result: ${{ steps.set-check-result.outputs.check-result }}
     steps:
@@ -136,11 +146,14 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' && always() }} # Not requiring successful dependent jobs, always run.
     name: Send notification to Greptime team
     needs: [check-status]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     env:
       SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Report CI status
         id: report-ci-status

.github/workflows/release-dev-builder-images.yaml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
   release-dev-builder-images:
     name: Release dev builder images
     if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image || inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image || inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }} # Only manually trigger this job.
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04-16-cores
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04-16-cores
     outputs:
       version: ${{ steps.set-version.outputs.version }}
     steps:
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Configure build image version
         id: set-version
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
 
   release-dev-builder-images-ecr:
     name: Release dev builder images to AWS ECR
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     needs: [
       release-dev-builder-images
     ]
@@ -85,51 +86,69 @@ jobs:
       - name: Push dev-builder-ubuntu image
         shell: bash
         if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image }}
+        env:
+          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
+          ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
         run: |
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
-            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:$IMAGE_VERSION \
+            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:$IMAGE_VERSION
 
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:latest \
-            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:latest
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:latest \
+            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:latest
+
       - name: Push dev-builder-centos image
         shell: bash
         if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image }}
+        env:
+          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
+          ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
         run: |
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
-            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:$IMAGE_VERSION \
+            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:$IMAGE_VERSION
 
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:latest \
-            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:latest
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:latest \
+            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:latest
+
       - name: Push dev-builder-android image
         shell: bash
         if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }}
+        env:
+          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
+          ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
         run: |
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
-            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:$IMAGE_VERSION \
+            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:$IMAGE_VERSION
 
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:latest \
-            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:latest
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:latest \
+            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:latest
+
   release-dev-builder-images-cn: # Note: Be careful issue: https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues/1874 and we decide to use the latest stable skopeo container.
     name: Release dev builder images to CN region
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     needs: [
       release-dev-builder-images
     ]
@@ -144,29 +163,41 @@ jobs:
       - name: Push dev-builder-ubuntu image
         shell: bash
         if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image }}
+        env:
+          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
         run: |
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
-            docker://${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:$IMAGE_VERSION \
+            docker://$ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:$IMAGE_VERSION
 
       - name: Push dev-builder-centos image
         shell: bash
         if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image }}
+        env:
+          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
         run: |
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
-            docker://${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:$IMAGE_VERSION \
+            docker://$ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:$IMAGE_VERSION
 
       - name: Push dev-builder-android image
         shell: bash
         if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }}
+        env:
+          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
         run: |
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
-            docker://${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:$IMAGE_VERSION \
+            docker://$ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:$IMAGE_VERSION

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ on:
         description: The runner uses to build linux-amd64 artifacts
         default: ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64
         options:
-          - ubuntu-20.04
-          - ubuntu-20.04-8-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-16-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-32-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-64-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04
+          - ubuntu-22.04-8-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-16-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-32-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-64-cores
           - ec2-c6i.xlarge-amd64 # 4C8G
           - ec2-c6i.2xlarge-amd64 # 8C16G
           - ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64 # 16C32G
@@ -93,16 +93,11 @@ env:
   # Note: The NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION should be modified manually by every formal release.
   NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION: v0.12.0
 
-# Permission reference: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-jobs/assigning-permissions-to-jobs
-permissions:
-  issues: write # Allows the action to create issues for cyborg.
-  contents: write # Allows the action to create a release.
-
 jobs:
   allocate-runners:
     name: Allocate runners
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     outputs:
       linux-amd64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-amd64-runner.outputs.label }}
       linux-arm64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-arm64-runner.outputs.label }}
@@ -122,6 +117,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Check Rust toolchain version
         shell: bash
@@ -181,6 +177,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
         with:
@@ -202,6 +199,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
         with:
@@ -237,6 +235,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-macos-artifacts
         with:
@@ -276,6 +275,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-windows-artifacts
         with:
@@ -306,15 +306,18 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build and push images to dockerhub
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-images
         with:
           image-registry: docker.io
           image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          image-name: ${{ vars.GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_NAME }}
           image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
           version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
+          push-latest-tag: true
 
       - name: Set build image result
         id: set-build-image-result
@@ -332,7 +335,7 @@ jobs:
       build-windows-artifacts,
       release-images-to-dockerhub,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     # When we push to ACR, it's easy to fail due to some unknown network issues.
     # However, we don't want to fail the whole workflow because of this.
     # The ACR have daily sync with DockerHub, so don't worry about the image not being updated.
@@ -341,13 +344,14 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Release artifacts to CN region
         uses: ./.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts
         with:
           src-image-registry: docker.io
           src-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          src-image-name: greptimedb
+          src-image-name: ${{ vars.GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_NAME }}
           dst-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
           dst-image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
           dst-image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
@@ -358,6 +362,7 @@ jobs:
           aws-cn-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
           aws-cn-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
           dev-mode: false
+          upload-to-s3: true
           update-version-info: true
           push-latest-tag: true
 
@@ -372,11 +377,12 @@ jobs:
       build-windows-artifacts,
       release-images-to-dockerhub,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Publish GitHub release
         uses: ./.github/actions/publish-github-release
@@ -390,7 +396,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Stop linux-amd64 runner
     # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
     if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     needs: [
       allocate-runners,
       build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
@@ -400,6 +406,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Stop EC2 runner
         uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -415,7 +422,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Stop linux-arm64 runner
     # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
     if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     needs: [
       allocate-runners,
       build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
@@ -425,6 +432,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Stop EC2 runner
         uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -440,9 +448,16 @@ jobs:
     name: Bump doc version
     if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
     needs: [allocate-runners]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    # Permission reference: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-jobs/assigning-permissions-to-jobs
+    permissions:
+      issues: write # Allows the action to create issues for cyborg.
+      contents: write # Allows the action to create a release.
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Bump doc version
         working-directory: cyborg
@@ -460,11 +475,18 @@ jobs:
       build-macos-artifacts,
       build-windows-artifacts,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    # Permission reference: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-jobs/assigning-permissions-to-jobs
+    permissions:
+      issues: write # Allows the action to create issues for cyborg.
+      contents: write # Allows the action to create a release.
     env:
       SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Report CI status
         id: report-ci-status

.github/workflows/schedule.yml

@@ -4,18 +4,20 @@ on:
     - cron: '4 2 * * *'
   workflow_dispatch:
 
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-  issues: write
-  pull-requests: write
 
 jobs:
   maintenance:
     name: Periodic Maintenance
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Do Maintenance
         working-directory: cyborg

.github/workflows/semantic-pull-request.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name: "Semantic Pull Request"
 
 on:
-  pull_request_target:
+  pull_request:
     types:
       - opened
       - reopened
@@ -9,10 +9,12 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   check:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Check Pull Request
         working-directory: cyborg

Cargo.toml

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ members = [
 resolver = "2"
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.12.0"
+version = "0.12.1"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ rust.unknown_lints = "deny"
 rust.unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(tokio_unstable)'] }
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
+# DO_NOT_REMOVE_THIS: BEGIN_OF_EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCIES
 # We turn off default-features for some dependencies here so the workspaces which inherit them can
 # selectively turn them on if needed, since we can override default-features = true (from false)
 # for the inherited dependency but cannot do the reverse (override from true to false).
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ bitflags = "2.4.1"
 bytemuck = "1.12"
 bytes = { version = "1.7", features = ["serde"] }
 chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
+chrono-tz = "0.10.1"
 clap = { version = "4.4", features = ["derive"] }
 config = "0.13.0"
 crossbeam-utils = "0.8"
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ etcd-client = "0.14"
 fst = "0.4.7"
 futures = "0.3"
 futures-util = "0.3"
-greptime-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto.git", rev = "683e9d10ae7f3dfb8aaabd89082fc600c17e3795" }
+greptime-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto.git", rev = "a25adc8a01340231121646d8f0a29d0e92f45461" }
 hex = "0.4"
 http = "1"
 humantime = "2.1"
@@ -138,8 +140,8 @@ itertools = "0.10"
 jsonb = { git = "https://github.com/databendlabs/jsonb.git", rev = "8c8d2fc294a39f3ff08909d60f718639cfba3875", default-features = false }
 lazy_static = "1.4"
 local-ip-address = "0.6"
-loki-api = { git = "https://github.com/shuiyisong/tracing-loki", branch = "chore/prost_version" }
-meter-core = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git", rev = "a10facb353b41460eeb98578868ebf19c2084fac" }
+loki-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/loki-proto.git", rev = "1434ecf23a2654025d86188fb5205e7a74b225d3" }
+meter-core = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git", rev = "5618e779cf2bb4755b499c630fba4c35e91898cb" }
 mockall = "0.11.4"
 moka = "0.12"
 nalgebra = "0.33"
@@ -158,7 +160,9 @@ parquet = { version = "53.0.0", default-features = false, features = ["arrow", "
 paste = "1.0"
 pin-project = "1.0"
 prometheus = { version = "0.13.3", features = ["process"] }
-promql-parser = { version = "0.4.3", features = ["ser"] }
+promql-parser = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/promql-parser.git", features = [
+    "ser",
+], rev = "27abb8e16003a50c720f00d6c85f41f5fa2a2a8e" }
 prost = "0.13"
 raft-engine = { version = "0.4.1", default-features = false }
 rand = "0.8"
@@ -207,6 +211,7 @@ tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "json", "fmt"]
 typetag = "0.2"
 uuid = { version = "1.7", features = ["serde", "v4", "fast-rng"] }
 zstd = "0.13"
+# DO_NOT_REMOVE_THIS: END_OF_EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCIES
 
 ## workspaces members
 api = { path = "src/api" }
@@ -278,12 +283,10 @@ tokio-rustls = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/tokio-rustls", rev = "46
 # This is commented, since we are not using aws-lc-sys, if we need to use it, we need to uncomment this line or use a release after this commit, or it wouldn't compile with gcc < 8.1
 # see https://github.com/aws/aws-lc-rs/pull/526
 # aws-lc-sys = { git ="https://github.com/aws/aws-lc-rs", rev = "556558441e3494af4b156ae95ebc07ebc2fd38aa" }
-# Apply a fix for pprof for unaligned pointer access
-pprof = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/pprof-rs", rev = "1bd1e21" }
 
 [workspace.dependencies.meter-macros]
 git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git"
-rev = "a10facb353b41460eeb98578868ebf19c2084fac"
+rev = "5618e779cf2bb4755b499c630fba4c35e91898cb"
 
 [profile.release]
 debug = 1

Cross.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu]
+image = "ghcr.io/cross-rs/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu:0.2.5"
+
 [build]
 pre-build = [
     "dpkg --add-architecture $CROSS_DEB_ARCH",
@@ -5,3 +8,8 @@ pre-build = [
     "curl -LO https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v3.15.8/protoc-3.15.8-linux-x86_64.zip && unzip protoc-3.15.8-linux-x86_64.zip -d /usr/",
     "chmod a+x /usr/bin/protoc && chmod -R a+rx /usr/include/google",
 ]
+
+[build.env]
+passthrough = [
+    "JEMALLOC_SYS_WITH_LG_PAGE",
+]

README.md

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ docker run -p 127.0.0.1:4000-4003:4000-4003 \
   --name greptime --rm \
   greptime/greptimedb:latest standalone start \
   --http-addr 0.0.0.0:4000 \
-  --rpc-addr 0.0.0.0:4001 \
+  --rpc-bind-addr 0.0.0.0:4001 \
   --mysql-addr 0.0.0.0:4002 \
   --postgres-addr 0.0.0.0:4003
 ```

config/config.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 | `http.enable_cors` | Bool | `true` | HTTP CORS support, it's turned on by default<br/>This allows browser to access http APIs without CORS restrictions |
 | `http.cors_allowed_origins` | Array | Unset | Customize allowed origins for HTTP CORS. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
-| `grpc.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `grpc.tls` | -- | -- | gRPC server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
 | `grpc.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 | `mysql.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable. |
 | `mysql.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4002` | The addr to bind the MySQL server. |
 | `mysql.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
+| `mysql.keep_alive` | String | `0s` | Server-side keep-alive time.<br/>Set to 0 (default) to disable. |
 | `mysql.tls` | -- | -- | -- |
 | `mysql.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode, refer to https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html<br/>- `disable` (default value)<br/>- `prefer`<br/>- `require`<br/>- `verify-ca`<br/>- `verify-full` |
 | `mysql.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@
 | `postgres.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable |
 | `postgres.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4003` | The addr to bind the PostgresSQL server. |
 | `postgres.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
+| `postgres.keep_alive` | String | `0s` | Server-side keep-alive time.<br/>Set to 0 (default) to disable. |
 | `postgres.tls` | -- | -- | PostgresSQL server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
 | `postgres.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
 | `postgres.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -58,6 +60,8 @@
 | `opentsdb.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable OpenTSDB put in HTTP API. |
 | `influxdb` | -- | -- | InfluxDB protocol options. |
 | `influxdb.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable InfluxDB protocol in HTTP API. |
+| `jaeger` | -- | -- | Jaeger protocol options. |
+| `jaeger.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable Jaeger protocol in HTTP API. |
 | `prom_store` | -- | -- | Prometheus remote storage options |
 | `prom_store.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable Prometheus remote write and read in HTTP API. |
 | `prom_store.with_metric_engine` | Bool | `true` | Whether to store the data from Prometheus remote write in metric engine. |
@@ -65,8 +69,8 @@
 | `wal.provider` | String | `raft_engine` | The provider of the WAL.<br/>- `raft_engine`: the wal is stored in the local file system by raft-engine.<br/>- `kafka`: it's remote wal that data is stored in Kafka. |
 | `wal.dir` | String | Unset | The directory to store the WAL files.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.file_size` | String | `128MB` | The size of the WAL segment file.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
-| `wal.purge_threshold` | String | `1GB` | The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a flush.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
-| `wal.purge_interval` | String | `1m` | The interval to trigger a flush.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
+| `wal.purge_threshold` | String | `1GB` | The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a purge.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
+| `wal.purge_interval` | String | `1m` | The interval to trigger a purge.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.read_batch_size` | Integer | `128` | The read batch size.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.sync_write` | Bool | `false` | Whether to use sync write.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.enable_log_recycle` | Bool | `true` | Whether to reuse logically truncated log files.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
@@ -88,8 +92,9 @@
 | `wal.backoff_deadline` | String | `5mins` | The deadline of retries.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
 | `wal.overwrite_entry_start_id` | Bool | `false` | Ignore missing entries during read WAL.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.<br/><br/>This option ensures that when Kafka messages are deleted, the system<br/>can still successfully replay memtable data without throwing an<br/>out-of-range error.<br/>However, enabling this option might lead to unexpected data loss,<br/>as the system will skip over missing entries instead of treating<br/>them as critical errors. |
 | `metadata_store` | -- | -- | Metadata storage options. |
-| `metadata_store.file_size` | String | `256MB` | Kv file size in bytes. |
-| `metadata_store.purge_threshold` | String | `4GB` | Kv purge threshold. |
+| `metadata_store.file_size` | String | `64MB` | The size of the metadata store log file. |
+| `metadata_store.purge_threshold` | String | `256MB` | The threshold of the metadata store size to trigger a purge. |
+| `metadata_store.purge_interval` | String | `1m` | The interval of the metadata store to trigger a purge. |
 | `procedure` | -- | -- | Procedure storage options. |
 | `procedure.max_retry_times` | Integer | `3` | Procedure max retry time. |
 | `procedure.retry_delay` | String | `500ms` | Initial retry delay of procedures, increases exponentially |
@@ -147,6 +152,7 @@
 | `region_engine.mito.index` | -- | -- | The options for index in Mito engine. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.aux_path` | String | `""` | Auxiliary directory path for the index in filesystem, used to store intermediate files for<br/>creating the index and staging files for searching the index, defaults to `{data_home}/index_intermediate`.<br/>The default name for this directory is `index_intermediate` for backward compatibility.<br/><br/>This path contains two subdirectories:<br/>- `__intm`: for storing intermediate files used during creating index.<br/>- `staging`: for storing staging files used during searching index. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.staging_size` | String | `2GB` | The max capacity of the staging directory. |
+| `region_engine.mito.index.staging_ttl` | String | `7d` | The TTL of the staging directory.<br/>Defaults to 7 days.<br/>Setting it to "0s" to disable TTL. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.metadata_cache_size` | String | `64MiB` | Cache size for inverted index metadata. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.content_cache_size` | String | `128MiB` | Cache size for inverted index content. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.content_cache_page_size` | String | `64KiB` | Page size for inverted index content cache. |
@@ -221,8 +227,8 @@
 | `http.enable_cors` | Bool | `true` | HTTP CORS support, it's turned on by default<br/>This allows browser to access http APIs without CORS restrictions |
 | `http.cors_allowed_origins` | Array | Unset | Customize allowed origins for HTTP CORS. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
-| `grpc.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
-| `grpc.hostname` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The hostname advertised to the metasrv,<br/>and used for connections from outside the host |
+| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.<br/>If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface<br/>on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`. |
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `grpc.tls` | -- | -- | gRPC server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
 | `grpc.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
@@ -233,6 +239,7 @@
 | `mysql.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable. |
 | `mysql.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4002` | The addr to bind the MySQL server. |
 | `mysql.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
+| `mysql.keep_alive` | String | `0s` | Server-side keep-alive time.<br/>Set to 0 (default) to disable. |
 | `mysql.tls` | -- | -- | -- |
 | `mysql.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode, refer to https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html<br/>- `disable` (default value)<br/>- `prefer`<br/>- `require`<br/>- `verify-ca`<br/>- `verify-full` |
 | `mysql.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -242,6 +249,7 @@
 | `postgres.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable |
 | `postgres.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4003` | The addr to bind the PostgresSQL server. |
 | `postgres.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
+| `postgres.keep_alive` | String | `0s` | Server-side keep-alive time.<br/>Set to 0 (default) to disable. |
 | `postgres.tls` | -- | -- | PostgresSQL server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
 | `postgres.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
 | `postgres.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -251,6 +259,8 @@
 | `opentsdb.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable OpenTSDB put in HTTP API. |
 | `influxdb` | -- | -- | InfluxDB protocol options. |
 | `influxdb.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable InfluxDB protocol in HTTP API. |
+| `jaeger` | -- | -- | Jaeger protocol options. |
+| `jaeger.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable Jaeger protocol in HTTP API. |
 | `prom_store` | -- | -- | Prometheus remote storage options |
 | `prom_store.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable Prometheus remote write and read in HTTP API. |
 | `prom_store.with_metric_engine` | Bool | `true` | Whether to store the data from Prometheus remote write in metric engine. |
@@ -300,7 +310,7 @@
 | --- | -----| ------- | ----------- |
 | `data_home` | String | `/tmp/metasrv/` | The working home directory. |
 | `bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The bind address of metasrv. |
-| `server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The communication server address for frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv,  "127.0.0.1:3002" by default for localhost. |
+| `server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The communication server address for the frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv.<br/>If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface<br/>on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `bind_addr`. |
 | `store_addrs` | Array | -- | Store server address default to etcd store.<br/>For postgres store, the format is:<br/>"password=password dbname=postgres user=postgres host=localhost port=5432"<br/>For etcd store, the format is:<br/>"127.0.0.1:2379" |
 | `store_key_prefix` | String | `""` | If it's not empty, the metasrv will store all data with this key prefix. |
 | `backend` | String | `etcd_store` | The datastore for meta server.<br/>Available values:<br/>- `etcd_store` (default value)<br/>- `memory_store`<br/>- `postgres_store` |
@@ -376,19 +386,14 @@
 | `init_regions_in_background` | Bool | `false` | Initialize all regions in the background during the startup.<br/>By default, it provides services after all regions have been initialized. |
 | `init_regions_parallelism` | Integer | `16` | Parallelism of initializing regions. |
 | `max_concurrent_queries` | Integer | `0` | The maximum current queries allowed to be executed. Zero means unlimited. |
-| `rpc_addr` | String | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.addr` instead. |
-| `rpc_hostname` | String | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.hostname` instead. |
-| `rpc_runtime_size` | Integer | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.runtime_size` instead. |
-| `rpc_max_recv_message_size` | String | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.rpc_max_recv_message_size` instead. |
-| `rpc_max_send_message_size` | String | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.rpc_max_send_message_size` instead. |
 | `enable_telemetry` | Bool | `true` | Enable telemetry to collect anonymous usage data. Enabled by default. |
 | `http` | -- | -- | The HTTP server options. |
 | `http.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4000` | The address to bind the HTTP server. |
 | `http.timeout` | String | `30s` | HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout. |
 | `http.body_limit` | String | `64MB` | HTTP request body limit.<br/>The following units are supported: `B`, `KB`, `KiB`, `MB`, `MiB`, `GB`, `GiB`, `TB`, `TiB`, `PB`, `PiB`.<br/>Set to 0 to disable limit. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
-| `grpc.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
-| `grpc.hostname` | String | `127.0.0.1:3001` | The hostname advertised to the metasrv,<br/>and used for connections from outside the host |
+| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3001` | The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.<br/>If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface<br/>on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`. |
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `grpc.max_recv_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum receive message size for gRPC server. |
 | `grpc.max_send_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum send message size for gRPC server. |
@@ -487,6 +492,7 @@
 | `region_engine.mito.index` | -- | -- | The options for index in Mito engine. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.aux_path` | String | `""` | Auxiliary directory path for the index in filesystem, used to store intermediate files for<br/>creating the index and staging files for searching the index, defaults to `{data_home}/index_intermediate`.<br/>The default name for this directory is `index_intermediate` for backward compatibility.<br/><br/>This path contains two subdirectories:<br/>- `__intm`: for storing intermediate files used during creating index.<br/>- `staging`: for storing staging files used during searching index. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.staging_size` | String | `2GB` | The max capacity of the staging directory. |
+| `region_engine.mito.index.staging_ttl` | String | `7d` | The TTL of the staging directory.<br/>Defaults to 7 days.<br/>Setting it to "0s" to disable TTL. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.metadata_cache_size` | String | `64MiB` | Cache size for inverted index metadata. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.content_cache_size` | String | `128MiB` | Cache size for inverted index content. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.content_cache_page_size` | String | `64KiB` | Page size for inverted index content cache. |
@@ -549,8 +555,8 @@
 | `flow` | -- | -- | flow engine options. |
 | `flow.num_workers` | Integer | `0` | The number of flow worker in flownode.<br/>Not setting(or set to 0) this value will use the number of CPU cores divided by 2. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
-| `grpc.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:6800` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
-| `grpc.hostname` | String | `127.0.0.1` | The hostname advertised to the metasrv,<br/>and used for connections from outside the host |
+| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:6800` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:6800` | The address advertised to the metasrv,<br/>and used for connections from outside the host |
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `grpc.max_recv_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum receive message size for gRPC server. |
 | `grpc.max_send_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum send message size for gRPC server. |

config/datanode.example.toml

@@ -19,26 +19,6 @@ init_regions_parallelism = 16
 ## The maximum current queries allowed to be executed. Zero means unlimited.
 max_concurrent_queries = 0
 
-## Deprecated, use `grpc.addr` instead.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-rpc_addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
-
-## Deprecated, use `grpc.hostname` instead.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-rpc_hostname = "127.0.0.1"
-
-## Deprecated, use `grpc.runtime_size` instead.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-rpc_runtime_size = 8
-
-## Deprecated, use `grpc.rpc_max_recv_message_size` instead.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-rpc_max_recv_message_size = "512MB"
-
-## Deprecated, use `grpc.rpc_max_send_message_size` instead.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-rpc_max_send_message_size = "512MB"
-
 ## Enable telemetry to collect anonymous usage data. Enabled by default.
 #+ enable_telemetry = true
 
@@ -56,10 +36,11 @@ body_limit = "64MB"
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
 ## The address to bind the gRPC server.
-addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
-## The hostname advertised to the metasrv,
-## and used for connections from outside the host
-hostname = "127.0.0.1:3001"
+bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
+## The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
+## If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+## on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`.
+server_addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 8
 ## The maximum receive message size for gRPC server.
@@ -516,6 +497,11 @@ aux_path = ""
 ## The max capacity of the staging directory.
 staging_size = "2GB"
 
+## The TTL of the staging directory.
+## Defaults to 7 days.
+## Setting it to "0s" to disable TTL.
+staging_ttl = "7d"
+
 ## Cache size for inverted index metadata.
 metadata_cache_size = "64MiB"
 

config/flownode.example.toml

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ node_id = 14
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
 ## The address to bind the gRPC server.
-addr = "127.0.0.1:6800"
-## The hostname advertised to the metasrv,
+bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:6800"
+## The address advertised to the metasrv,
 ## and used for connections from outside the host
-hostname = "127.0.0.1"
+server_addr = "127.0.0.1:6800"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
 ## The maximum receive message size for gRPC server.

config/frontend.example.toml

@@ -41,10 +41,11 @@ cors_allowed_origins = ["https://example.com"]
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
 ## The address to bind the gRPC server.
-addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
-## The hostname advertised to the metasrv,
-## and used for connections from outside the host
-hostname = "127.0.0.1:4001"
+bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
+## The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
+## If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+## on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`.
+server_addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 8
 
@@ -73,6 +74,9 @@ enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4002"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
+## Server-side keep-alive time.
+## Set to 0 (default) to disable.
+keep_alive = "0s"
 
 # MySQL server TLS options.
 [mysql.tls]
@@ -104,6 +108,9 @@ enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4003"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
+## Server-side keep-alive time.
+## Set to 0 (default) to disable.
+keep_alive = "0s"
 
 ## PostgresSQL server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section.
 [postgres.tls]
@@ -131,6 +138,11 @@ enable = true
 ## Whether to enable InfluxDB protocol in HTTP API.
 enable = true
 
+## Jaeger protocol options.
+[jaeger]
+## Whether to enable Jaeger protocol in HTTP API.
+enable = true
+
 ## Prometheus remote storage options
 [prom_store]
 ## Whether to enable Prometheus remote write and read in HTTP API.

config/metasrv.example.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ data_home = "/tmp/metasrv/"
 ## The bind address of metasrv.
 bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:3002"
 
-## The communication server address for frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv,  "127.0.0.1:3002" by default for localhost.
+## The communication server address for the frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv.
+## If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+## on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `bind_addr`.
 server_addr = "127.0.0.1:3002"
 
 ## Store server address default to etcd store.

config/standalone.example.toml

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ cors_allowed_origins = ["https://example.com"]
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
 ## The address to bind the gRPC server.
-addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
+bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 8
 
@@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4002"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
+## Server-side keep-alive time.
+## Set to 0 (default) to disable.
+keep_alive = "0s"
 
 # MySQL server TLS options.
 [mysql.tls]
@@ -109,6 +112,9 @@ enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4003"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
+## Server-side keep-alive time.
+## Set to 0 (default) to disable.
+keep_alive = "0s"
 
 ## PostgresSQL server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section.
 [postgres.tls]
@@ -136,6 +142,11 @@ enable = true
 ## Whether to enable InfluxDB protocol in HTTP API.
 enable = true
 
+## Jaeger protocol options.
+[jaeger]
+## Whether to enable Jaeger protocol in HTTP API.
+enable = true
+
 ## Prometheus remote storage options
 [prom_store]
 ## Whether to enable Prometheus remote write and read in HTTP API.
@@ -159,11 +170,11 @@ dir = "/tmp/greptimedb/wal"
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
 file_size = "128MB"
 
-## The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a flush.
+## The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a purge.
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
 purge_threshold = "1GB"
 
-## The interval to trigger a flush.
+## The interval to trigger a purge.
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
 purge_interval = "1m"
 
@@ -278,10 +289,12 @@ overwrite_entry_start_id = false
 
 ## Metadata storage options.
 [metadata_store]
-## Kv file size in bytes.
-file_size = "256MB"
-## Kv purge threshold.
-purge_threshold = "4GB"
+## The size of the metadata store log file.
+file_size = "64MB"
+## The threshold of the metadata store size to trigger a purge.
+purge_threshold = "256MB"
+## The interval of the metadata store to trigger a purge.
+purge_interval = "1m"
 
 ## Procedure storage options.
 [procedure]
@@ -571,6 +584,11 @@ aux_path = ""
 ## The max capacity of the staging directory.
 staging_size = "2GB"
 
+## The TTL of the staging directory.
+## Defaults to 7 days.
+## Setting it to "0s" to disable TTL.
+staging_ttl = "7d"
+
 ## Cache size for inverted index metadata.
 metadata_cache_size = "64MiB"
 

docker/docker-compose/cluster-with-etcd.yaml

@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ services:
     command:
       - metasrv
       - start
-      - --bind-addr=0.0.0.0:3002
-      - --server-addr=metasrv:3002
+      - --rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:3002
+      - --rpc-server-addr=metasrv:3002
       - --store-addrs=etcd0:2379
       - --http-addr=0.0.0.0:3000
     healthcheck:
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ services:
       - datanode
       - start
       - --node-id=0
-      - --rpc-addr=0.0.0.0:3001
-      - --rpc-hostname=datanode0:3001
+      - --rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:3001
+      - --rpc-server-addr=datanode0:3001
       - --metasrv-addrs=metasrv:3002
       - --http-addr=0.0.0.0:5000
     volumes:
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ services:
       - start
       - --metasrv-addrs=metasrv:3002
       - --http-addr=0.0.0.0:4000
-      - --rpc-addr=0.0.0.0:4001
+      - --rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:4001
       - --mysql-addr=0.0.0.0:4002
       - --postgres-addr=0.0.0.0:4003
     healthcheck:
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ services:
       - start
       - --node-id=0
       - --metasrv-addrs=metasrv:3002
-      - --rpc-addr=0.0.0.0:4004
-      - --rpc-hostname=flownode0:4004
+      - --rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:4004
+      - --rpc-server-addr=flownode0:4004
       - --http-addr=0.0.0.0:4005
     depends_on:
       frontend0:

docs/how-to/how-to-profile-memory.md

@@ -4,6 +4,16 @@ This crate provides an easy approach to dump memory profiling info.
 
 ## Prerequisites
 ### jemalloc
+jeprof is already compiled in the target directory of GreptimeDB. You can find the binary and use it.
+```
+# find jeprof binary
+find . -name 'jeprof'
+# add executable permission
+chmod +x <path_to_jeprof>
+```
+The path is usually under `./target/${PROFILE}/build/tikv-jemalloc-sys-${HASH}/out/build/bin/jeprof`.
+The default version of jemalloc installed from the package manager may not have the `--collapsed` option.
+You may need to check the whether the `jeprof` version is >= `5.3.0` if you want to install it from the package manager.
 ```bash
 # for macOS
 brew install jemalloc
@@ -23,7 +33,11 @@ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph/master/flamegraph
 Start GreptimeDB instance with environment variables:
 
 ```bash
+# for Linux
 MALLOC_CONF=prof:true ./target/debug/greptime standalone start
+
+# for macOS
+_RJEM_MALLOC_CONF=prof:true ./target/debug/greptime standalone start
 ```
 
 Dump memory profiling data through HTTP API:

grafana/greptimedb.json

@@ -384,8 +384,8 @@
         "rowHeight": 0.9,
         "showValue": "auto",
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "none",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -483,8 +483,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "pluginVersion": "10.2.3",
@@ -578,8 +578,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "pluginVersion": "10.2.3",
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@
       "type": "timeseries"
     },
     {
-      "collapsed": true,
+      "collapsed": false,
       "gridPos": {
         "h": 1,
         "w": 24,
@@ -684,8 +684,8 @@
               "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "single",
-              "sort": "none"
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
           "targets": [
@@ -878,8 +878,8 @@
               "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "single",
-              "sort": "none"
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
           "targets": [
@@ -1124,8 +1124,8 @@
               "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "single",
-              "sort": "none"
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
           "targets": [
@@ -1223,8 +1223,8 @@
               "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "single",
-              "sort": "none"
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
           "targets": [
@@ -1322,8 +1322,8 @@
               "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "single",
-              "sort": "none"
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
           "targets": [
@@ -1456,8 +1456,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -1573,8 +1573,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -1673,8 +1673,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -1773,8 +1773,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -1890,8 +1890,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2002,8 +2002,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2120,8 +2120,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2233,8 +2233,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2334,8 +2334,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2435,8 +2435,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2548,8 +2548,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2661,8 +2661,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2788,8 +2788,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2889,8 +2889,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2990,8 +2990,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3091,8 +3091,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3191,8 +3191,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3302,8 +3302,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3432,8 +3432,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3543,8 +3543,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3657,8 +3657,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3808,8 +3808,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3909,8 +3909,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -4011,8 +4011,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -4113,8 +4113,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [

src/api/Cargo.toml

@@ -15,13 +15,10 @@ common-macro.workspace = true
 common-time.workspace = true
 datatypes.workspace = true
 greptime-proto.workspace = true
-paste = "1.0"
+paste.workspace = true
 prost.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
 snafu.workspace = true
 
 [build-dependencies]
 tonic-build = "0.11"
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-paste = "1.0"

src/api/src/v1/column_def.rs

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use datatypes::schema::{
-    ColumnDefaultConstraint, ColumnSchema, FulltextAnalyzer, FulltextOptions, COMMENT_KEY,
-    FULLTEXT_KEY, INVERTED_INDEX_KEY, SKIPPING_INDEX_KEY,
+    ColumnDefaultConstraint, ColumnSchema, FulltextAnalyzer, FulltextOptions, SkippingIndexType,
+    COMMENT_KEY, FULLTEXT_KEY, INVERTED_INDEX_KEY, SKIPPING_INDEX_KEY,
 };
-use greptime_proto::v1::Analyzer;
+use greptime_proto::v1::{Analyzer, SkippingIndexType as PbSkippingIndexType};
 use snafu::ResultExt;
 
 use crate::error::{self, Result};
@@ -121,6 +121,13 @@ pub fn as_fulltext_option(analyzer: Analyzer) -> FulltextAnalyzer {
     }
 }
 
+/// Tries to construct a `SkippingIndexType` from the given skipping index type.
+pub fn as_skipping_index_type(skipping_index_type: PbSkippingIndexType) -> SkippingIndexType {
+    match skipping_index_type {
+        PbSkippingIndexType::BloomFilter => SkippingIndexType::BloomFilter,
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 

src/catalog/Cargo.toml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ api.workspace = true
 arrow.workspace = true
 arrow-schema.workspace = true
 async-stream.workspace = true
-async-trait = "0.1"
+async-trait.workspace = true
 bytes.workspace = true
 common-catalog.workspace = true
 common-error.workspace = true
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ common-version.workspace = true
 dashmap.workspace = true
 datafusion.workspace = true
 datatypes.workspace = true
-futures = "0.3"
+futures.workspace = true
 futures-util.workspace = true
 humantime.workspace = true
 itertools.workspace = true
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ lazy_static.workspace = true
 meta-client.workspace = true
 moka = { workspace = true, features = ["future", "sync"] }
 partition.workspace = true
-paste = "1.0"
+paste.workspace = true
 prometheus.workspace = true
 rustc-hash.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ sql.workspace = true
 store-api.workspace = true
 table.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true
-tokio-stream = "0.1"
+tokio-stream.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 cache.workspace = true

src/catalog/src/system_schema/information_schema/key_column_usage.rs

@@ -228,12 +228,6 @@ impl InformationSchemaKeyColumnUsageBuilder {
                 let keys = &table_info.meta.primary_key_indices;
                 let schema = table.schema();
 
-                // For compatibility, use primary key columns as inverted index columns.
-                let pk_as_inverted_index = !schema
-                    .column_schemas()
-                    .iter()
-                    .any(|c| c.has_inverted_index_key());
-
                 for (idx, column) in schema.column_schemas().iter().enumerate() {
                     let mut constraints = vec![];
                     if column.is_time_index() {
@@ -251,10 +245,6 @@ impl InformationSchemaKeyColumnUsageBuilder {
                     // TODO(dimbtp): foreign key constraint not supported yet
                     if keys.contains(&idx) {
                         constraints.push(PRI_CONSTRAINT_NAME);
-
-                        if pk_as_inverted_index {
-                            constraints.push(INVERTED_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NAME);
-                        }
                     }
                     if column.is_inverted_indexed() {
                         constraints.push(INVERTED_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NAME);

src/catalog/src/system_schema/information_schema/tables.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 
 use arrow_schema::SchemaRef as ArrowSchemaRef;
@@ -244,14 +243,17 @@ impl InformationSchemaTablesBuilder {
         // TODO(dennis): `region_stats` API is not stable in distributed cluster because of network issue etc.
         // But we don't want the statements such as `show tables` fail,
         // so using `unwrap_or_else` here instead of `?` operator.
-        let region_stats = information_extension
-            .region_stats()
-            .await
-            .map_err(|e| {
-                error!(e; "Failed to call region_stats");
-                e
-            })
-            .unwrap_or_else(|_| vec![]);
+        let region_stats = {
+            let mut x = information_extension
+                .region_stats()
+                .await
+                .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+                    error!(e; "Failed to find region stats in information_schema, fallback to all empty");
+                    vec![]
+                });
+            x.sort_unstable_by_key(|x| x.id);
+            x
+        };
 
         for schema_name in catalog_manager.schema_names(&catalog_name, None).await? {
             let mut stream = catalog_manager.tables(&catalog_name, &schema_name, None);
@@ -262,16 +264,16 @@ impl InformationSchemaTablesBuilder {
                 // TODO(dennis): make it working for metric engine
                 let table_region_stats =
                     if table_info.meta.engine == MITO_ENGINE || table_info.is_physical_table() {
-                        let region_ids = table_info
+                        table_info
                             .meta
                             .region_numbers
                             .iter()
                             .map(|n| RegionId::new(table_info.ident.table_id, *n))
-                            .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-
-                        region_stats
-                            .iter()
-                            .filter(|stat| region_ids.contains(&stat.id))
+                            .flat_map(|region_id| {
+                                region_stats
+                                    .binary_search_by_key(&region_id, |x| x.id)
+                                    .map(|i| &region_stats[i])
+                            })
                             .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                     } else {
                         vec![]

src/cli/src/bench.rs

@@ -24,10 +24,11 @@ use common_meta::key::{TableMetadataManager, TableMetadataManagerRef};
 use common_meta::kv_backend::etcd::EtcdStore;
 use common_meta::kv_backend::memory::MemoryKvBackend;
 #[cfg(feature = "pg_kvbackend")]
-use common_meta::kv_backend::postgres::PgStore;
+use common_meta::kv_backend::rds::PgStore;
 use common_meta::peer::Peer;
 use common_meta::rpc::router::{Region, RegionRoute};
 use common_telemetry::info;
+use common_wal::options::WalOptions;
 use datatypes::data_type::ConcreteDataType;
 use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, RawSchema};
 use rand::Rng;
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ fn create_region_routes(regions: Vec<RegionNumber>) -> Vec<RegionRoute> {
     region_routes
 }
 
-fn create_region_wal_options(regions: Vec<RegionNumber>) -> HashMap<RegionNumber, String> {
+fn create_region_wal_options(regions: Vec<RegionNumber>) -> HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions> {
     // TODO(niebayes): construct region wal options for benchmark.
     let _ = regions;
     HashMap::default()

src/cli/src/bench/metadata.rs

@@ -49,7 +49,12 @@ impl TableMetadataBencher {
 
                 let regions: Vec<_> = (0..64).collect();
                 let region_routes = create_region_routes(regions.clone());
-                let region_wal_options = create_region_wal_options(regions);
+                let region_wal_options = create_region_wal_options(regions)
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|(region_id, wal_options)| {
+                        (region_id, serde_json::to_string(&wal_options).unwrap())
+                    })
+                    .collect();
 
                 let start = Instant::now();
 
@@ -109,9 +114,17 @@ impl TableMetadataBencher {
                 let table_info = table_info.unwrap();
                 let table_route = table_route.unwrap();
                 let table_id = table_info.table_info.ident.table_id;
+
+                let regions: Vec<_> = (0..64).collect();
+                let region_wal_options = create_region_wal_options(regions);
                 let _ = self
                     .table_metadata_manager
-                    .delete_table_metadata(table_id, &table_info.table_name(), &table_route)
+                    .delete_table_metadata(
+                        table_id,
+                        &table_info.table_name(),
+                        &table_route,
+                        &region_wal_options,
+                    )
                     .await;
                 start.elapsed()
             },

src/cmd/src/datanode.rs

@@ -126,10 +126,14 @@ impl SubCommand {
 struct StartCommand {
     #[clap(long)]
     node_id: Option<u64>,
-    #[clap(long)]
-    rpc_addr: Option<String>,
-    #[clap(long)]
-    rpc_hostname: Option<String>,
+    /// The address to bind the gRPC server.
+    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-addr")]
+    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
+    /// The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
+    /// If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+    /// on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `rpc_bind_addr`.
+    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-hostname")]
+    rpc_server_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long, value_delimiter = ',', num_args = 1..)]
     metasrv_addrs: Option<Vec<String>>,
     #[clap(short, long)]
@@ -181,18 +185,18 @@ impl StartCommand {
             tokio_console_addr: global_options.tokio_console_addr.clone(),
         };
 
-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_addr {
-            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr);
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
+            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
         } else if let Some(addr) = &opts.rpc_addr {
             warn!("Use the deprecated attribute `DatanodeOptions.rpc_addr`, please use `grpc.addr` instead.");
-            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr);
+            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
         }
 
-        if let Some(hostname) = &self.rpc_hostname {
-            opts.grpc.hostname.clone_from(hostname);
-        } else if let Some(hostname) = &opts.rpc_hostname {
+        if let Some(server_addr) = &self.rpc_server_addr {
+            opts.grpc.server_addr.clone_from(server_addr);
+        } else if let Some(server_addr) = &opts.rpc_hostname {
             warn!("Use the deprecated attribute `DatanodeOptions.rpc_hostname`, please use `grpc.hostname` instead.");
-            opts.grpc.hostname.clone_from(hostname);
+            opts.grpc.server_addr.clone_from(server_addr);
         }
 
         if let Some(runtime_size) = opts.rpc_runtime_size {
@@ -277,7 +281,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
 
         let plugin_opts = opts.plugins;
         let mut opts = opts.component;
-        opts.grpc.detect_hostname();
+        opts.grpc.detect_server_addr();
         let mut plugins = Plugins::new();
         plugins::setup_datanode_plugins(&mut plugins, &plugin_opts, &opts)
             .await
@@ -357,8 +361,8 @@ mod tests {
             rpc_addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
             rpc_hostname = "192.168.0.1"
             [grpc]
-            addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
-            hostname = "127.0.0.1"
+            bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
+            server_addr = "127.0.0.1"
             runtime_size = 8
         "#;
         write!(file, "{}", toml_str).unwrap();
@@ -369,8 +373,8 @@ mod tests {
         };
 
         let options = cmd.load_options(&Default::default()).unwrap().component;
-        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4001".to_string(), options.grpc.addr);
-        assert_eq!("192.168.0.1".to_string(), options.grpc.hostname);
+        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4001".to_string(), options.grpc.bind_addr);
+        assert_eq!("192.168.0.1".to_string(), options.grpc.server_addr);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -431,7 +435,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let options = cmd.load_options(&Default::default()).unwrap().component;
 
-        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:3001".to_string(), options.grpc.addr);
+        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:3001".to_string(), options.grpc.bind_addr);
         assert_eq!(Some(42), options.node_id);
 
         let DatanodeWalConfig::RaftEngine(raft_engine_config) = options.wal else {
@@ -645,7 +649,7 @@ mod tests {
                     opts.http.addr,
                     DatanodeOptions::default().component.http.addr
                 );
-                assert_eq!(opts.grpc.hostname, "10.103.174.219");
+                assert_eq!(opts.grpc.server_addr, "10.103.174.219");
             },
         );
     }

src/cmd/src/flownode.rs

@@ -129,11 +129,13 @@ struct StartCommand {
     #[clap(long)]
     node_id: Option<u64>,
     /// Bind address for the gRPC server.
-    #[clap(long)]
-    rpc_addr: Option<String>,
-    /// Hostname for the gRPC server.
-    #[clap(long)]
-    rpc_hostname: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-addr")]
+    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
+    /// The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
+    /// If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+    /// on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `rpc_bind_addr`.
+    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-hostname")]
+    rpc_server_addr: Option<String>,
     /// Metasrv address list;
     #[clap(long, value_delimiter = ',', num_args = 1..)]
     metasrv_addrs: Option<Vec<String>>,
@@ -184,12 +186,12 @@ impl StartCommand {
             tokio_console_addr: global_options.tokio_console_addr.clone(),
         };
 
-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_addr {
-            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr);
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
+            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
         }
 
-        if let Some(hostname) = &self.rpc_hostname {
-            opts.grpc.hostname.clone_from(hostname);
+        if let Some(server_addr) = &self.rpc_server_addr {
+            opts.grpc.server_addr.clone_from(server_addr);
         }
 
         if let Some(node_id) = self.node_id {
@@ -237,7 +239,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
         info!("Flownode options: {:#?}", opts);
 
         let mut opts = opts.component;
-        opts.grpc.detect_hostname();
+        opts.grpc.detect_server_addr();
 
         // TODO(discord9): make it not optionale after cluster id is required
         let cluster_id = opts.cluster_id.unwrap_or(0);

src/cmd/src/frontend.rs

@@ -136,13 +136,19 @@ impl SubCommand {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Parser)]
 pub struct StartCommand {
+    /// The address to bind the gRPC server.
+    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-addr")]
+    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
+    /// The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
+    /// If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+    /// on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `rpc_bind_addr`.
+    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-hostname")]
+    rpc_server_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
     http_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
     http_timeout: Option<u64>,
     #[clap(long)]
-    rpc_addr: Option<String>,
-    #[clap(long)]
     mysql_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
     postgres_addr: Option<String>,
@@ -218,11 +224,15 @@ impl StartCommand {
             opts.http.disable_dashboard = disable_dashboard;
         }
 
-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_addr {
-            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr);
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
+            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
             opts.grpc.tls = tls_opts.clone();
         }
 
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_server_addr {
+            opts.grpc.server_addr.clone_from(addr);
+        }
+
         if let Some(addr) = &self.mysql_addr {
             opts.mysql.enable = true;
             opts.mysql.addr.clone_from(addr);
@@ -269,7 +279,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
 
         let plugin_opts = opts.plugins;
         let mut opts = opts.component;
-        opts.grpc.detect_hostname();
+        opts.grpc.detect_server_addr();
         let mut plugins = Plugins::new();
         plugins::setup_frontend_plugins(&mut plugins, &plugin_opts, &opts)
             .await
@@ -413,7 +423,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let default_opts = FrontendOptions::default().component;
 
-        assert_eq!(opts.grpc.addr, default_opts.grpc.addr);
+        assert_eq!(opts.grpc.bind_addr, default_opts.grpc.bind_addr);
         assert!(opts.mysql.enable);
         assert_eq!(opts.mysql.runtime_size, default_opts.mysql.runtime_size);
         assert!(opts.postgres.enable);
@@ -604,7 +614,7 @@ mod tests {
                 assert_eq!(fe_opts.http.addr, "127.0.0.1:14000");
 
                 // Should be default value.
-                assert_eq!(fe_opts.grpc.addr, GrpcOptions::default().addr);
+                assert_eq!(fe_opts.grpc.bind_addr, GrpcOptions::default().bind_addr);
             },
         );
     }

src/cmd/src/metasrv.rs

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub struct Instance {
 }
 
 impl Instance {
-    fn new(instance: MetasrvInstance, guard: Vec<WorkerGuard>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(instance: MetasrvInstance, guard: Vec<WorkerGuard>) -> Self {
         Self {
             instance,
             _guard: guard,
@@ -133,11 +133,15 @@ impl SubCommand {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Parser)]
 struct StartCommand {
-    #[clap(long)]
-    bind_addr: Option<String>,
-    #[clap(long)]
-    server_addr: Option<String>,
-    #[clap(long, aliases = ["store-addr"], value_delimiter = ',', num_args = 1..)]
+    /// The address to bind the gRPC server.
+    #[clap(long, alias = "bind-addr")]
+    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
+    /// The communication server address for the frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv.
+    /// If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+    /// on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `rpc_bind_addr`.
+    #[clap(long, alias = "server-addr")]
+    rpc_server_addr: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long, alias = "store-addr", value_delimiter = ',', num_args = 1..)]
     store_addrs: Option<Vec<String>>,
     #[clap(short, long)]
     config_file: Option<String>,
@@ -201,11 +205,11 @@ impl StartCommand {
             tokio_console_addr: global_options.tokio_console_addr.clone(),
         };
 
-        if let Some(addr) = &self.bind_addr {
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
             opts.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
         }
 
-        if let Some(addr) = &self.server_addr {
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_server_addr {
             opts.server_addr.clone_from(addr);
         }
 
@@ -269,11 +273,13 @@ impl StartCommand {
         log_versions(version(), short_version(), APP_NAME);
 
         info!("Metasrv start command: {:#?}", self);
-        info!("Metasrv options: {:#?}", opts);
 
         let plugin_opts = opts.plugins;
         let mut opts = opts.component;
         opts.detect_server_addr();
+
+        info!("Metasrv options: {:#?}", opts);
+
         let mut plugins = Plugins::new();
         plugins::setup_metasrv_plugins(&mut plugins, &plugin_opts, &opts)
             .await
@@ -306,8 +312,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_read_from_cmd() {
         let cmd = StartCommand {
-            bind_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
-            server_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
+            rpc_bind_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
+            rpc_server_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
             store_addrs: Some(vec!["127.0.0.1:2380".to_string()]),
             selector: Some("LoadBased".to_string()),
             ..Default::default()
@@ -381,8 +387,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_load_log_options_from_cli() {
         let cmd = StartCommand {
-            bind_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
-            server_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
+            rpc_bind_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
+            rpc_server_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
             store_addrs: Some(vec!["127.0.0.1:2380".to_string()]),
             selector: Some("LoadBased".to_string()),
             ..Default::default()

src/cmd/src/standalone.rs

@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ use frontend::instance::builder::FrontendBuilder;
 use frontend::instance::{FrontendInstance, Instance as FeInstance, StandaloneDatanodeManager};
 use frontend::server::Services;
 use frontend::service_config::{
-    InfluxdbOptions, MysqlOptions, OpentsdbOptions, PostgresOptions, PromStoreOptions,
+    InfluxdbOptions, JaegerOptions, MysqlOptions, OpentsdbOptions, PostgresOptions,
+    PromStoreOptions,
 };
 use meta_srv::metasrv::{FLOW_ID_SEQ, TABLE_ID_SEQ};
 use mito2::config::MitoConfig;
@@ -140,6 +141,7 @@ pub struct StandaloneOptions {
     pub postgres: PostgresOptions,
     pub opentsdb: OpentsdbOptions,
     pub influxdb: InfluxdbOptions,
+    pub jaeger: JaegerOptions,
     pub prom_store: PromStoreOptions,
     pub wal: DatanodeWalConfig,
     pub storage: StorageConfig,
@@ -169,6 +171,7 @@ impl Default for StandaloneOptions {
             postgres: PostgresOptions::default(),
             opentsdb: OpentsdbOptions::default(),
             influxdb: InfluxdbOptions::default(),
+            jaeger: JaegerOptions::default(),
             prom_store: PromStoreOptions::default(),
             wal: DatanodeWalConfig::default(),
             storage: StorageConfig::default(),
@@ -217,6 +220,7 @@ impl StandaloneOptions {
             postgres: cloned_opts.postgres,
             opentsdb: cloned_opts.opentsdb,
             influxdb: cloned_opts.influxdb,
+            jaeger: cloned_opts.jaeger,
             prom_store: cloned_opts.prom_store,
             meta_client: None,
             logging: cloned_opts.logging,
@@ -329,8 +333,8 @@ impl App for Instance {
 pub struct StartCommand {
     #[clap(long)]
     http_addr: Option<String>,
-    #[clap(long)]
-    rpc_addr: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-addr")]
+    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
     mysql_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
@@ -407,9 +411,9 @@ impl StartCommand {
             opts.storage.data_home.clone_from(data_home);
         }
 
-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_addr {
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
             // frontend grpc addr conflict with datanode default grpc addr
-            let datanode_grpc_addr = DatanodeOptions::default().grpc.addr;
+            let datanode_grpc_addr = DatanodeOptions::default().grpc.bind_addr;
             if addr.eq(&datanode_grpc_addr) {
                 return IllegalConfigSnafu {
                     msg: format!(
@@ -417,7 +421,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
                     ),
                 }.fail();
             }
-            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr)
+            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr)
         }
 
         if let Some(addr) = &self.mysql_addr {
@@ -464,7 +468,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
         let mut plugins = Plugins::new();
         let plugin_opts = opts.plugins;
         let mut opts = opts.component;
-        opts.grpc.detect_hostname();
+        opts.grpc.detect_server_addr();
         let fe_opts = opts.frontend_options();
         let dn_opts = opts.datanode_options();
 
@@ -486,8 +490,8 @@ impl StartCommand {
         let metadata_dir = metadata_store_dir(data_home);
         let (kv_backend, procedure_manager) = FeInstance::try_build_standalone_components(
             metadata_dir,
-            opts.metadata_store.clone(),
-            opts.procedure.clone(),
+            opts.metadata_store,
+            opts.procedure,
         )
         .await
         .context(StartFrontendSnafu)?;
@@ -907,7 +911,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4000".to_string(), fe_opts.http.addr);
         assert_eq!(Duration::from_secs(33), fe_opts.http.timeout);
         assert_eq!(ReadableSize::mb(128), fe_opts.http.body_limit);
-        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4001".to_string(), fe_opts.grpc.addr);
+        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4001".to_string(), fe_opts.grpc.bind_addr);
         assert!(fe_opts.mysql.enable);
         assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4002", fe_opts.mysql.addr);
         assert_eq!(2, fe_opts.mysql.runtime_size);
@@ -1037,7 +1041,7 @@ mod tests {
                 assert_eq!(ReadableSize::mb(64), fe_opts.http.body_limit);
 
                 // Should be default value.
-                assert_eq!(fe_opts.grpc.addr, GrpcOptions::default().addr);
+                assert_eq!(fe_opts.grpc.bind_addr, GrpcOptions::default().bind_addr);
             },
         );
     }

src/cmd/tests/cli.rs

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ mod tests {
             .args([
                 "datanode",
                 "start",
-                "--rpc-addr=0.0.0.0:4321",
+                "--rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:4321",
                 "--node-id=1",
                 &format!("--data-home={}", data_home.path().display()),
                 &format!("--wal-dir={}", wal_dir.path().display()),
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ mod tests {
             "--log-level=off",
             "cli",
             "attach",
-            "--grpc-addr=0.0.0.0:4321",
+            "--grpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:4321",
             // history commands can sneaky into stdout and mess up our tests, so disable it
             "--disable-helper",
         ]);

src/cmd/tests/load_config_test.rs

@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use cmd::options::GreptimeOptions;
 use cmd::standalone::StandaloneOptions;
 use common_config::Configurable;
-use common_grpc::channel_manager::{
-    DEFAULT_MAX_GRPC_RECV_MESSAGE_SIZE, DEFAULT_MAX_GRPC_SEND_MESSAGE_SIZE,
-};
 use common_options::datanode::{ClientOptions, DatanodeClientOptions};
 use common_telemetry::logging::{LoggingOptions, SlowQueryOptions, DEFAULT_OTLP_ENDPOINT};
 use common_wal::config::raft_engine::RaftEngineConfig;
@@ -91,13 +88,8 @@ fn test_load_datanode_example_config() {
                 ..Default::default()
             },
             grpc: GrpcOptions::default()
-                .with_addr("127.0.0.1:3001")
-                .with_hostname("127.0.0.1:3001"),
-            rpc_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3001".to_string()),
-            rpc_hostname: Some("127.0.0.1".to_string()),
-            rpc_runtime_size: Some(8),
-            rpc_max_recv_message_size: Some(DEFAULT_MAX_GRPC_RECV_MESSAGE_SIZE),
-            rpc_max_send_message_size: Some(DEFAULT_MAX_GRPC_SEND_MESSAGE_SIZE),
+                .with_bind_addr("127.0.0.1:3001")
+                .with_server_addr("127.0.0.1:3001"),
             ..Default::default()
         },
         ..Default::default()
@@ -144,7 +136,9 @@ fn test_load_frontend_example_config() {
                 remote_write: Some(Default::default()),
                 ..Default::default()
             },
-            grpc: GrpcOptions::default().with_hostname("127.0.0.1:4001"),
+            grpc: GrpcOptions::default()
+                .with_bind_addr("127.0.0.1:4001")
+                .with_server_addr("127.0.0.1:4001"),
             http: HttpOptions {
                 cors_allowed_origins: vec!["https://example.com".to_string()],
                 ..Default::default()

src/common/base/Cargo.toml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ bytes.workspace = true
 common-error.workspace = true
 common-macro.workspace = true
 futures.workspace = true
-paste = "1.0"
+paste.workspace = true
 pin-project.workspace = true
 rand.workspace = true
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }

src/common/config/Cargo.toml

@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@ common-base.workspace = true
 common-error.workspace = true
 common-macro.workspace = true
 config.workspace = true
+humantime-serde.workspace = true
 num_cpus.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
+serde_with.workspace = true
 snafu.workspace = true
 sysinfo.workspace = true
 toml.workspace = true

src/common/config/src/lib.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ pub mod config;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod utils;
 
+use std::time::Duration;
+
 use common_base::readable_size::ReadableSize;
 pub use config::*;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -34,22 +36,27 @@ pub enum Mode {
     Distributed,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct KvBackendConfig {
-    // Kv file size in bytes
+    /// The size of the metadata store backend log file.
     pub file_size: ReadableSize,
-    // Kv purge threshold in bytes
+    /// The threshold of the metadata store size to trigger a purge.
     pub purge_threshold: ReadableSize,
+    /// The interval of the metadata store to trigger a purge.
+    #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
+    pub purge_interval: Duration,
 }
 
 impl Default for KvBackendConfig {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
-            // log file size 256MB
-            file_size: ReadableSize::mb(256),
-            // purge threshold 4GB
-            purge_threshold: ReadableSize::gb(4),
+            // The log file size 64MB
+            file_size: ReadableSize::mb(64),
+            // The log purge threshold 256MB
+            purge_threshold: ReadableSize::mb(256),
+            // The log purge interval 1m
+            purge_interval: Duration::from_secs(60),
         }
     }
 }

src/common/datasource/Cargo.toml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ orc-rust = { version = "0.5", default-features = false, features = [
     "async",
 ] }
 parquet.workspace = true
-paste = "1.0"
+paste.workspace = true
 rand.workspace = true
 regex = "1.7"
 serde.workspace = true

src/common/function/Cargo.toml

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ nalgebra.workspace = true
 num = "0.4"
 num-traits = "0.2"
 once_cell.workspace = true
-paste = "1.0"
+paste.workspace = true
 s2 = { version = "0.0.12", optional = true }
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true

src/common/function/src/scalars/json.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
-mod json_get;
+pub mod json_get;
 mod json_is;
 mod json_path_exists;
 mod json_path_match;

src/common/function/src/scalars/vector.rs

@@ -20,11 +20,12 @@ pub mod impl_conv;
 pub(crate) mod product;
 mod scalar_add;
 mod scalar_mul;
-mod sub;
 pub(crate) mod sum;
+mod vector_add;
 mod vector_div;
 mod vector_mul;
 mod vector_norm;
+mod vector_sub;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -48,10 +49,11 @@ impl VectorFunction {
         registry.register(Arc::new(scalar_mul::ScalarMulFunction));
 
         // vector calculation
+        registry.register(Arc::new(vector_add::VectorAddFunction));
+        registry.register(Arc::new(vector_sub::VectorSubFunction));
         registry.register(Arc::new(vector_mul::VectorMulFunction));
-        registry.register(Arc::new(vector_norm::VectorNormFunction));
         registry.register(Arc::new(vector_div::VectorDivFunction));
-        registry.register(Arc::new(sub::SubFunction));
+        registry.register(Arc::new(vector_norm::VectorNormFunction));
         registry.register(Arc::new(elem_sum::ElemSumFunction));
         registry.register(Arc::new(elem_product::ElemProductFunction));
     }

src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/vector_add.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
+use common_query::error::InvalidFuncArgsSnafu;
+use common_query::prelude::Signature;
+use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
+use datatypes::scalars::ScalarVectorBuilder;
+use datatypes::vectors::{BinaryVectorBuilder, MutableVector, VectorRef};
+use nalgebra::DVectorView;
+use snafu::ensure;
+
+use crate::function::{Function, FunctionContext};
+use crate::helper;
+use crate::scalars::vector::impl_conv::{as_veclit, as_veclit_if_const, veclit_to_binlit};
+
+const NAME: &str = "vec_add";
+
+/// Adds corresponding elements of two vectors, returns a vector.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```sql
+/// SELECT vec_to_string(vec_add("[1.0, 1.0]", "[1.0, 2.0]")) as result;
+///
+/// +---------------------------------------------------------------+
+/// | vec_to_string(vec_add(Utf8("[1.0, 1.0]"),Utf8("[1.0, 2.0]"))) |
+/// +---------------------------------------------------------------+
+/// | [2,3]                                                         |
+/// +---------------------------------------------------------------+
+///
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct VectorAddFunction;
+
+impl Function for VectorAddFunction {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        NAME
+    }
+
+    fn return_type(
+        &self,
+        _input_types: &[ConcreteDataType],
+    ) -> common_query::error::Result<ConcreteDataType> {
+        Ok(ConcreteDataType::binary_datatype())
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        helper::one_of_sigs2(
+            vec![
+                ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(),
+                ConcreteDataType::binary_datatype(),
+            ],
+            vec![
+                ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(),
+                ConcreteDataType::binary_datatype(),
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn eval(
+        &self,
+        _func_ctx: FunctionContext,
+        columns: &[VectorRef],
+    ) -> common_query::error::Result<VectorRef> {
+        ensure!(
+            columns.len() == 2,
+            InvalidFuncArgsSnafu {
+                err_msg: format!(
+                    "The length of the args is not correct, expect exactly two, have: {}",
+                    columns.len()
+                )
+            }
+        );
+        let arg0 = &columns[0];
+        let arg1 = &columns[1];
+
+        ensure!(
+            arg0.len() == arg1.len(),
+            InvalidFuncArgsSnafu {
+                err_msg: format!(
+                    "The lengths of the vector are not aligned, args 0: {}, args 1: {}",
+                    arg0.len(),
+                    arg1.len(),
+                )
+            }
+        );
+
+        let len = arg0.len();
+        let mut result = BinaryVectorBuilder::with_capacity(len);
+        if len == 0 {
+            return Ok(result.to_vector());
+        }
+
+        let arg0_const = as_veclit_if_const(arg0)?;
+        let arg1_const = as_veclit_if_const(arg1)?;
+
+        for i in 0..len {
+            let arg0 = match arg0_const.as_ref() {
+                Some(arg0) => Some(Cow::Borrowed(arg0.as_ref())),
+                None => as_veclit(arg0.get_ref(i))?,
+            };
+            let arg1 = match arg1_const.as_ref() {
+                Some(arg1) => Some(Cow::Borrowed(arg1.as_ref())),
+                None => as_veclit(arg1.get_ref(i))?,
+            };
+            let (Some(arg0), Some(arg1)) = (arg0, arg1) else {
+                result.push_null();
+                continue;
+            };
+            let vec0 = DVectorView::from_slice(&arg0, arg0.len());
+            let vec1 = DVectorView::from_slice(&arg1, arg1.len());
+
+            let vec_res = vec0 + vec1;
+            let veclit = vec_res.as_slice();
+            let binlit = veclit_to_binlit(veclit);
+            result.push(Some(&binlit));
+        }
+
+        Ok(result.to_vector())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for VectorAddFunction {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", NAME.to_ascii_uppercase())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    use common_query::error::Error;
+    use datatypes::vectors::StringVector;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_sub() {
+        let func = VectorAddFunction;
+
+        let input0 = Arc::new(StringVector::from(vec![
+            Some("[1.0,2.0,3.0]".to_string()),
+            Some("[4.0,5.0,6.0]".to_string()),
+            None,
+            Some("[2.0,3.0,3.0]".to_string()),
+        ]));
+        let input1 = Arc::new(StringVector::from(vec![
+            Some("[1.0,1.0,1.0]".to_string()),
+            Some("[6.0,5.0,4.0]".to_string()),
+            Some("[3.0,2.0,2.0]".to_string()),
+            None,
+        ]));
+
+        let result = func
+            .eval(FunctionContext::default(), &[input0, input1])
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let result = result.as_ref();
+        assert_eq!(result.len(), 4);
+        assert_eq!(
+            result.get_ref(0).as_binary().unwrap(),
+            Some(veclit_to_binlit(&[2.0, 3.0, 4.0]).as_slice())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            result.get_ref(1).as_binary().unwrap(),
+            Some(veclit_to_binlit(&[10.0, 10.0, 10.0]).as_slice())
+        );
+        assert!(result.get_ref(2).is_null());
+        assert!(result.get_ref(3).is_null());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_sub_error() {
+        let func = VectorAddFunction;
+
+        let input0 = Arc::new(StringVector::from(vec![
+            Some("[1.0,2.0,3.0]".to_string()),
+            Some("[4.0,5.0,6.0]".to_string()),
+            None,
+            Some("[2.0,3.0,3.0]".to_string()),
+        ]));
+        let input1 = Arc::new(StringVector::from(vec![
+            Some("[1.0,1.0,1.0]".to_string()),
+            Some("[6.0,5.0,4.0]".to_string()),
+            Some("[3.0,2.0,2.0]".to_string()),
+        ]));
+
+        let result = func.eval(FunctionContext::default(), &[input0, input1]);
+
+        match result {
+            Err(Error::InvalidFuncArgs { err_msg, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    err_msg,
+                    "The lengths of the vector are not aligned, args 0: 4, args 1: 3"
+                )
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}

src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/vector_sub.rs

@@ -42,19 +42,10 @@ const NAME: &str = "vec_sub";
 /// | [0,-1]                                                        |
 /// +---------------------------------------------------------------+
 ///
-/// -- Negative scalar to simulate subtraction
-/// SELECT vec_to_string(vec_sub('[-1.0, -1.0]', '[1.0, 2.0]'));
-///
-/// +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
-/// | vec_to_string(vec_sub(Utf8("[-1.0, -1.0]"),Utf8("[1.0, 2.0]"))) |
-/// +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
-/// | [-2,-3]                                                         |
-/// +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
-///
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
-pub struct SubFunction;
+pub struct VectorSubFunction;
 
-impl Function for SubFunction {
+impl Function for VectorSubFunction {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
         NAME
     }
@@ -142,7 +133,7 @@ impl Function for SubFunction {
     }
 }
 
-impl Display for SubFunction {
+impl Display for VectorSubFunction {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         write!(f, "{}", NAME.to_ascii_uppercase())
     }
@@ -159,7 +150,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_sub() {
-        let func = SubFunction;
+        let func = VectorSubFunction;
 
         let input0 = Arc::new(StringVector::from(vec![
             Some("[1.0,2.0,3.0]".to_string()),
@@ -194,7 +185,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_sub_error() {
-        let func = SubFunction;
+        let func = VectorSubFunction;
 
         let input0 = Arc::new(StringVector::from(vec![
             Some("[1.0,2.0,3.0]".to_string()),

src/common/grpc-expr/Cargo.toml

@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@ store-api.workspace = true
 table.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-paste = "1.0"
+paste.workspace = true

src/common/grpc-expr/src/alter.rs

@@ -15,13 +15,14 @@
 use api::helper::ColumnDataTypeWrapper;
 use api::v1::add_column_location::LocationType;
 use api::v1::alter_table_expr::Kind;
-use api::v1::column_def::as_fulltext_option;
+use api::v1::column_def::{as_fulltext_option, as_skipping_index_type};
 use api::v1::{
     column_def, AddColumnLocation as Location, AlterTableExpr, Analyzer, CreateTableExpr,
     DropColumns, ModifyColumnTypes, RenameTable, SemanticType,
+    SkippingIndexType as PbSkippingIndexType,
 };
 use common_query::AddColumnLocation;
-use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, FulltextOptions, RawSchema};
+use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, FulltextOptions, RawSchema, SkippingIndexOptions};
 use snafu::{ensure, OptionExt, ResultExt};
 use store_api::region_request::{SetRegionOption, UnsetRegionOption};
 use table::metadata::TableId;
@@ -31,7 +32,8 @@ use table::requests::{
 };
 
 use crate::error::{
-    InvalidColumnDefSnafu, InvalidSetFulltextOptionRequestSnafu, InvalidSetTableOptionRequestSnafu,
+    InvalidColumnDefSnafu, InvalidSetFulltextOptionRequestSnafu,
+    InvalidSetSkippingIndexOptionRequestSnafu, InvalidSetTableOptionRequestSnafu,
     InvalidUnsetTableOptionRequestSnafu, MissingAlterIndexOptionSnafu, MissingFieldSnafu,
     MissingTimestampColumnSnafu, Result, UnknownLocationTypeSnafu,
 };
@@ -137,6 +139,18 @@ pub fn alter_expr_to_request(table_id: TableId, expr: AlterTableExpr) -> Result<
                         column_name: i.column_name,
                     },
                 },
+                api::v1::set_index::Options::Skipping(s) => AlterKind::SetIndex {
+                    options: SetIndexOptions::Skipping {
+                        column_name: s.column_name,
+                        options: SkippingIndexOptions {
+                            granularity: s.granularity as u32,
+                            index_type: as_skipping_index_type(
+                                PbSkippingIndexType::try_from(s.skipping_index_type)
+                                    .context(InvalidSetSkippingIndexOptionRequestSnafu)?,
+                            ),
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
             },
             None => return MissingAlterIndexOptionSnafu.fail(),
         },
@@ -152,6 +166,11 @@ pub fn alter_expr_to_request(table_id: TableId, expr: AlterTableExpr) -> Result<
                         column_name: i.column_name,
                     },
                 },
+                api::v1::unset_index::Options::Skipping(s) => AlterKind::UnsetIndex {
+                    options: UnsetIndexOptions::Skipping {
+                        column_name: s.column_name,
+                    },
+                },
             },
             None => return MissingAlterIndexOptionSnafu.fail(),
         },

src/common/grpc-expr/src/error.rs

@@ -140,6 +140,14 @@ pub enum Error {
         error: prost::UnknownEnumValue,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Invalid set skipping index option request"))]
+    InvalidSetSkippingIndexOptionRequest {
+        #[snafu(implicit)]
+        location: Location,
+        #[snafu(source)]
+        error: prost::UnknownEnumValue,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Missing alter index options"))]
     MissingAlterIndexOption {
         #[snafu(implicit)]
@@ -171,6 +179,7 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             Error::InvalidSetTableOptionRequest { .. }
             | Error::InvalidUnsetTableOptionRequest { .. }
             | Error::InvalidSetFulltextOptionRequest { .. }
+            | Error::InvalidSetSkippingIndexOptionRequest { .. }
             | Error::MissingAlterIndexOption { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
         }
     }

src/common/grpc-expr/src/insert.rs

@@ -14,37 +14,12 @@
 
 use api::helper;
 use api::v1::column::Values;
-use api::v1::{Column, CreateTableExpr};
 use common_base::BitVec;
 use datatypes::data_type::{ConcreteDataType, DataType};
 use datatypes::prelude::VectorRef;
 use snafu::{ensure, ResultExt};
-use table::metadata::TableId;
-use table::table_reference::TableReference;
 
 use crate::error::{CreateVectorSnafu, Result, UnexpectedValuesLengthSnafu};
-use crate::util;
-use crate::util::ColumnExpr;
-
-/// Try to build create table request from insert data.
-pub fn build_create_expr_from_insertion(
-    catalog_name: &str,
-    schema_name: &str,
-    table_id: Option<TableId>,
-    table_name: &str,
-    columns: &[Column],
-    engine: &str,
-) -> Result<CreateTableExpr> {
-    let table_name = TableReference::full(catalog_name, schema_name, table_name);
-    let column_exprs = ColumnExpr::from_columns(columns);
-    util::build_create_table_expr(
-        table_id,
-        &table_name,
-        column_exprs,
-        engine,
-        "Created on insertion",
-    )
-}
 
 pub(crate) fn add_values_to_builder(
     data_type: ConcreteDataType,
@@ -87,276 +62,7 @@ fn is_null(null_mask: &BitVec, idx: usize) -> Option<bool> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use std::sync::Arc;
-    use std::{assert_eq, vec};
-
-    use api::helper::ColumnDataTypeWrapper;
-    use api::v1::column::Values;
-    use api::v1::column_data_type_extension::TypeExt;
-    use api::v1::{
-        Column, ColumnDataType, ColumnDataTypeExtension, Decimal128, DecimalTypeExtension,
-        IntervalMonthDayNano, SemanticType,
-    };
-    use common_base::BitVec;
-    use common_catalog::consts::MITO_ENGINE;
-    use common_time::interval::IntervalUnit;
-    use common_time::timestamp::TimeUnit;
-    use datatypes::data_type::ConcreteDataType;
-    use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, SchemaBuilder};
-    use snafu::ResultExt;
-
     use super::*;
-    use crate::error;
-    use crate::error::ColumnDataTypeSnafu;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn build_column_schema(
-        column_name: &str,
-        datatype: i32,
-        nullable: bool,
-    ) -> error::Result<ColumnSchema> {
-        let datatype_wrapper =
-            ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(datatype, None).context(ColumnDataTypeSnafu)?;
-
-        Ok(ColumnSchema::new(
-            column_name,
-            datatype_wrapper.into(),
-            nullable,
-        ))
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_build_create_table_request() {
-        let table_id = Some(10);
-        let table_name = "test_metric";
-
-        assert!(
-            build_create_expr_from_insertion("", "", table_id, table_name, &[], MITO_ENGINE)
-                .is_err()
-        );
-
-        let insert_batch = mock_insert_batch();
-
-        let create_expr = build_create_expr_from_insertion(
-            "",
-            "",
-            table_id,
-            table_name,
-            &insert_batch.0,
-            MITO_ENGINE,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(table_id, create_expr.table_id.map(|x| x.id));
-        assert_eq!(table_name, create_expr.table_name);
-        assert_eq!("Created on insertion".to_string(), create_expr.desc);
-        assert_eq!(
-            vec![create_expr.column_defs[0].name.clone()],
-            create_expr.primary_keys
-        );
-
-        let column_defs = create_expr.column_defs;
-        assert_eq!(column_defs[5].name, create_expr.time_index);
-        assert_eq!(7, column_defs.len());
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    column_defs
-                        .iter()
-                        .find(|c| c.name == "host")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype(),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    column_defs
-                        .iter()
-                        .find(|c| c.name == "cpu")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype(),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    column_defs
-                        .iter()
-                        .find(|c| c.name == "memory")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::time_datatype(TimeUnit::Millisecond),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    column_defs
-                        .iter()
-                        .find(|c| c.name == "time")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::interval_datatype(IntervalUnit::MonthDayNano),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    column_defs
-                        .iter()
-                        .find(|c| c.name == "interval")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::timestamp_millisecond_datatype(),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    column_defs
-                        .iter()
-                        .find(|c| c.name == "ts")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-
-        let decimal_column = column_defs.iter().find(|c| c.name == "decimals").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::decimal128_datatype(38, 10),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    decimal_column.data_type,
-                    decimal_column.datatype_extension,
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_find_new_columns() {
-        let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(1);
-        let cpu_column = build_column_schema("cpu", 10, true).unwrap();
-        let ts_column = build_column_schema("ts", 15, false)
-            .unwrap()
-            .with_time_index(true);
-        columns.push(cpu_column);
-        columns.push(ts_column);
-
-        let schema = Arc::new(SchemaBuilder::try_from(columns).unwrap().build().unwrap());
-
-        assert!(
-            util::extract_new_columns(&schema, ColumnExpr::from_columns(&[]))
-                .unwrap()
-                .is_none()
-        );
-
-        let insert_batch = mock_insert_batch();
-
-        let add_columns =
-            util::extract_new_columns(&schema, ColumnExpr::from_columns(&insert_batch.0))
-                .unwrap()
-                .unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(5, add_columns.add_columns.len());
-        let host_column = &add_columns.add_columns[0];
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    host_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
-
-        let memory_column = &add_columns.add_columns[1];
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype(),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    memory_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
-
-        let time_column = &add_columns.add_columns[2];
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::time_datatype(TimeUnit::Millisecond),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    time_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
-
-        let interval_column = &add_columns.add_columns[3];
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::interval_datatype(IntervalUnit::MonthDayNano),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    interval_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
-
-        let decimal_column = &add_columns.add_columns[4];
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::decimal128_datatype(38, 10),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    decimal_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
-                    decimal_column
-                        .column_def
-                        .as_ref()
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .datatype_extension
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
-    }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_is_null() {
@@ -371,127 +77,4 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(None, is_null(&null_mask, 16));
         assert_eq!(None, is_null(&null_mask, 99));
     }
-
-    fn mock_insert_batch() -> (Vec<Column>, u32) {
-        let row_count = 2;
-
-        let host_vals = Values {
-            string_values: vec!["host1".to_string(), "host2".to_string()],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let host_column = Column {
-            column_name: "host".to_string(),
-            semantic_type: SemanticType::Tag as i32,
-            values: Some(host_vals),
-            null_mask: vec![0],
-            datatype: ColumnDataType::String as i32,
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
-        let cpu_vals = Values {
-            f64_values: vec![0.31],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let cpu_column = Column {
-            column_name: "cpu".to_string(),
-            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
-            values: Some(cpu_vals),
-            null_mask: vec![2],
-            datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
-        let mem_vals = Values {
-            f64_values: vec![0.1],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let mem_column = Column {
-            column_name: "memory".to_string(),
-            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
-            values: Some(mem_vals),
-            null_mask: vec![1],
-            datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
-        let time_vals = Values {
-            time_millisecond_values: vec![100, 101],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let time_column = Column {
-            column_name: "time".to_string(),
-            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
-            values: Some(time_vals),
-            null_mask: vec![0],
-            datatype: ColumnDataType::TimeMillisecond as i32,
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
-        let interval1 = IntervalMonthDayNano {
-            months: 1,
-            days: 2,
-            nanoseconds: 3,
-        };
-        let interval2 = IntervalMonthDayNano {
-            months: 4,
-            days: 5,
-            nanoseconds: 6,
-        };
-        let interval_vals = Values {
-            interval_month_day_nano_values: vec![interval1, interval2],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let interval_column = Column {
-            column_name: "interval".to_string(),
-            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
-            values: Some(interval_vals),
-            null_mask: vec![0],
-            datatype: ColumnDataType::IntervalMonthDayNano as i32,
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
-        let ts_vals = Values {
-            timestamp_millisecond_values: vec![100, 101],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let ts_column = Column {
-            column_name: "ts".to_string(),
-            semantic_type: SemanticType::Timestamp as i32,
-            values: Some(ts_vals),
-            null_mask: vec![0],
-            datatype: ColumnDataType::TimestampMillisecond as i32,
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let decimal_vals = Values {
-            decimal128_values: vec![Decimal128 { hi: 0, lo: 123 }, Decimal128 { hi: 0, lo: 456 }],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let decimal_column = Column {
-            column_name: "decimals".to_string(),
-            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
-            values: Some(decimal_vals),
-            null_mask: vec![0],
-            datatype: ColumnDataType::Decimal128 as i32,
-            datatype_extension: Some(ColumnDataTypeExtension {
-                type_ext: Some(TypeExt::DecimalType(DecimalTypeExtension {
-                    precision: 38,
-                    scale: 10,
-                })),
-            }),
-            options: None,
-        };
-
-        (
-            vec![
-                host_column,
-                cpu_column,
-                mem_column,
-                time_column,
-                interval_column,
-                ts_column,
-                decimal_column,
-            ],
-            row_count,
-        )
-    }
 }

src/common/grpc-expr/src/lib.rs

@@ -19,4 +19,3 @@ pub mod insert;
 pub mod util;
 
 pub use alter::{alter_expr_to_request, create_table_schema};
-pub use insert::build_create_expr_from_insertion;

src/common/grpc-expr/src/util.rs

@@ -236,3 +236,414 @@ pub fn extract_new_columns(
         }))
     }
 }
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+    use std::{assert_eq, vec};
+
+    use api::helper::ColumnDataTypeWrapper;
+    use api::v1::column::Values;
+    use api::v1::column_data_type_extension::TypeExt;
+    use api::v1::{
+        Column, ColumnDataType, ColumnDataTypeExtension, Decimal128, DecimalTypeExtension,
+        IntervalMonthDayNano, SemanticType,
+    };
+    use common_catalog::consts::MITO_ENGINE;
+    use common_time::interval::IntervalUnit;
+    use common_time::timestamp::TimeUnit;
+    use datatypes::data_type::ConcreteDataType;
+    use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, SchemaBuilder};
+    use snafu::ResultExt;
+
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::error;
+    use crate::error::ColumnDataTypeSnafu;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn build_column_schema(
+        column_name: &str,
+        datatype: i32,
+        nullable: bool,
+    ) -> error::Result<ColumnSchema> {
+        let datatype_wrapper =
+            ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(datatype, None).context(ColumnDataTypeSnafu)?;
+
+        Ok(ColumnSchema::new(
+            column_name,
+            datatype_wrapper.into(),
+            nullable,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn build_create_expr_from_insertion(
+        catalog_name: &str,
+        schema_name: &str,
+        table_id: Option<TableId>,
+        table_name: &str,
+        columns: &[Column],
+        engine: &str,
+    ) -> Result<CreateTableExpr> {
+        let table_name = TableReference::full(catalog_name, schema_name, table_name);
+        let column_exprs = ColumnExpr::from_columns(columns);
+        build_create_table_expr(
+            table_id,
+            &table_name,
+            column_exprs,
+            engine,
+            "Created on insertion",
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_build_create_table_request() {
+        let table_id = Some(10);
+        let table_name = "test_metric";
+
+        assert!(
+            build_create_expr_from_insertion("", "", table_id, table_name, &[], MITO_ENGINE)
+                .is_err()
+        );
+
+        let insert_batch = mock_insert_batch();
+
+        let create_expr = build_create_expr_from_insertion(
+            "",
+            "",
+            table_id,
+            table_name,
+            &insert_batch.0,
+            MITO_ENGINE,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(table_id, create_expr.table_id.map(|x| x.id));
+        assert_eq!(table_name, create_expr.table_name);
+        assert_eq!("Created on insertion".to_string(), create_expr.desc);
+        assert_eq!(
+            vec![create_expr.column_defs[0].name.clone()],
+            create_expr.primary_keys
+        );
+
+        let column_defs = create_expr.column_defs;
+        assert_eq!(column_defs[5].name, create_expr.time_index);
+        assert_eq!(7, column_defs.len());
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    column_defs
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|c| c.name == "host")
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype(),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    column_defs
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|c| c.name == "cpu")
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype(),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    column_defs
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|c| c.name == "memory")
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::time_datatype(TimeUnit::Millisecond),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    column_defs
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|c| c.name == "time")
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::interval_datatype(IntervalUnit::MonthDayNano),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    column_defs
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|c| c.name == "interval")
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::timestamp_millisecond_datatype(),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    column_defs
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|c| c.name == "ts")
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+
+        let decimal_column = column_defs.iter().find(|c| c.name == "decimals").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::decimal128_datatype(38, 10),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    decimal_column.data_type,
+                    decimal_column.datatype_extension,
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_find_new_columns() {
+        let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(1);
+        let cpu_column = build_column_schema("cpu", 10, true).unwrap();
+        let ts_column = build_column_schema("ts", 15, false)
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_time_index(true);
+        columns.push(cpu_column);
+        columns.push(ts_column);
+
+        let schema = Arc::new(SchemaBuilder::try_from(columns).unwrap().build().unwrap());
+
+        assert!(extract_new_columns(&schema, ColumnExpr::from_columns(&[]))
+            .unwrap()
+            .is_none());
+
+        let insert_batch = mock_insert_batch();
+
+        let add_columns = extract_new_columns(&schema, ColumnExpr::from_columns(&insert_batch.0))
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(5, add_columns.add_columns.len());
+        let host_column = &add_columns.add_columns[0];
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    host_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
+
+        let memory_column = &add_columns.add_columns[1];
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype(),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    memory_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
+
+        let time_column = &add_columns.add_columns[2];
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::time_datatype(TimeUnit::Millisecond),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    time_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
+
+        let interval_column = &add_columns.add_columns[3];
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::interval_datatype(IntervalUnit::MonthDayNano),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    interval_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
+
+        let decimal_column = &add_columns.add_columns[4];
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::decimal128_datatype(38, 10),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    decimal_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
+                    decimal_column
+                        .column_def
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .datatype_extension
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
+    }
+
+    fn mock_insert_batch() -> (Vec<Column>, u32) {
+        let row_count = 2;
+
+        let host_vals = Values {
+            string_values: vec!["host1".to_string(), "host2".to_string()],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let host_column = Column {
+            column_name: "host".to_string(),
+            semantic_type: SemanticType::Tag as i32,
+            values: Some(host_vals),
+            null_mask: vec![0],
+            datatype: ColumnDataType::String as i32,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let cpu_vals = Values {
+            f64_values: vec![0.31],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let cpu_column = Column {
+            column_name: "cpu".to_string(),
+            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+            values: Some(cpu_vals),
+            null_mask: vec![2],
+            datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let mem_vals = Values {
+            f64_values: vec![0.1],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let mem_column = Column {
+            column_name: "memory".to_string(),
+            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+            values: Some(mem_vals),
+            null_mask: vec![1],
+            datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let time_vals = Values {
+            time_millisecond_values: vec![100, 101],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let time_column = Column {
+            column_name: "time".to_string(),
+            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+            values: Some(time_vals),
+            null_mask: vec![0],
+            datatype: ColumnDataType::TimeMillisecond as i32,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let interval1 = IntervalMonthDayNano {
+            months: 1,
+            days: 2,
+            nanoseconds: 3,
+        };
+        let interval2 = IntervalMonthDayNano {
+            months: 4,
+            days: 5,
+            nanoseconds: 6,
+        };
+        let interval_vals = Values {
+            interval_month_day_nano_values: vec![interval1, interval2],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let interval_column = Column {
+            column_name: "interval".to_string(),
+            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+            values: Some(interval_vals),
+            null_mask: vec![0],
+            datatype: ColumnDataType::IntervalMonthDayNano as i32,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let ts_vals = Values {
+            timestamp_millisecond_values: vec![100, 101],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let ts_column = Column {
+            column_name: "ts".to_string(),
+            semantic_type: SemanticType::Timestamp as i32,
+            values: Some(ts_vals),
+            null_mask: vec![0],
+            datatype: ColumnDataType::TimestampMillisecond as i32,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let decimal_vals = Values {
+            decimal128_values: vec![Decimal128 { hi: 0, lo: 123 }, Decimal128 { hi: 0, lo: 456 }],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let decimal_column = Column {
+            column_name: "decimals".to_string(),
+            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+            values: Some(decimal_vals),
+            null_mask: vec![0],
+            datatype: ColumnDataType::Decimal128 as i32,
+            datatype_extension: Some(ColumnDataTypeExtension {
+                type_ext: Some(TypeExt::DecimalType(DecimalTypeExtension {
+                    precision: 38,
+                    scale: 10,
+                })),
+            }),
+            options: None,
+        };
+
+        (
+            vec![
+                host_column,
+                cpu_column,
+                mem_column,
+                time_column,
+                interval_column,
+                ts_column,
+                decimal_column,
+            ],
+            row_count,
+        )
+    }
+}

src/common/meta/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ license.workspace = true
 
 [features]
 testing = []
-pg_kvbackend = ["dep:tokio-postgres", "dep:backon"]
+pg_kvbackend = ["dep:tokio-postgres", "dep:backon", "dep:deadpool-postgres", "dep:deadpool"]
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ common-wal.workspace = true
 datafusion-common.workspace = true
 datafusion-expr.workspace = true
 datatypes.workspace = true
-deadpool.workspace = true
-deadpool-postgres.workspace = true
+deadpool = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+deadpool-postgres = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 derive_builder.workspace = true
 etcd-client.workspace = true
 futures.workspace = true

src/common/meta/src/cluster.rs

@@ -12,8 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::hash::{DefaultHasher, Hash, Hasher};
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
+use api::v1::meta::HeartbeatRequest;
 use common_error::ext::ErrorExt;
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use regex::Regex;
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ pub trait ClusterInfo {
 ///
 /// This key cannot be used to describe the `Metasrv` because the `Metasrv` does not have
 /// a `cluster_id`, it serves multiple clusters.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct NodeInfoKey {
     /// The cluster id.
     pub cluster_id: ClusterId,
@@ -69,6 +71,28 @@ pub struct NodeInfoKey {
 }
 
 impl NodeInfoKey {
+    /// Try to create a `NodeInfoKey` from a "good" heartbeat request. "good" as in every needed
+    /// piece of information is provided and valid.  
+    pub fn new(request: &HeartbeatRequest) -> Option<Self> {
+        let HeartbeatRequest { header, peer, .. } = request;
+        let header = header.as_ref()?;
+        let peer = peer.as_ref()?;
+
+        let role = header.role.try_into().ok()?;
+        let node_id = match role {
+            // Because the Frontend is stateless, it's too easy to neglect choosing a unique id
+            // for it when setting up a cluster. So we calculate its id from its address.
+            Role::Frontend => calculate_node_id(&peer.addr),
+            _ => peer.id,
+        };
+
+        Some(NodeInfoKey {
+            cluster_id: header.cluster_id,
+            role,
+            node_id,
+        })
+    }
+
     pub fn key_prefix_with_cluster_id(cluster_id: u64) -> String {
         format!("{}-{}-", CLUSTER_NODE_INFO_PREFIX, cluster_id)
     }
@@ -83,6 +107,13 @@ impl NodeInfoKey {
     }
 }
 
+/// Calculate (by using the DefaultHasher) the node's id from its address.
+fn calculate_node_id(addr: &str) -> u64 {
+    let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
+    addr.hash(&mut hasher);
+    hasher.finish()
+}
+
 /// The information of a node in the cluster.
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct NodeInfo {
@@ -100,7 +131,7 @@ pub struct NodeInfo {
     pub start_time_ms: u64,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub enum Role {
     Datanode,
     Frontend,
@@ -271,6 +302,7 @@ impl TryFrom<i32> for Role {
 mod tests {
     use std::assert_matches::assert_matches;
 
+    use super::*;
     use crate::cluster::Role::{Datanode, Frontend};
     use crate::cluster::{DatanodeStatus, NodeInfo, NodeInfoKey, NodeStatus};
     use crate::peer::Peer;
@@ -338,4 +370,26 @@ mod tests {
         let prefix = NodeInfoKey::key_prefix_with_role(2, Frontend);
         assert_eq!(prefix, "__meta_cluster_node_info-2-1-");
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_calculate_node_id_from_addr() {
+        // Test empty string
+        assert_eq!(calculate_node_id(""), calculate_node_id(""));
+
+        // Test same addresses return same ids
+        let addr1 = "127.0.0.1:8080";
+        let id1 = calculate_node_id(addr1);
+        let id2 = calculate_node_id(addr1);
+        assert_eq!(id1, id2);
+
+        // Test different addresses return different ids
+        let addr2 = "127.0.0.1:8081";
+        let id3 = calculate_node_id(addr2);
+        assert_ne!(id1, id3);
+
+        // Test long address
+        let long_addr = "very.long.domain.name.example.com:9999";
+        let id4 = calculate_node_id(long_addr);
+        assert!(id4 > 0);
+    }
 }

src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_database/executor.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::any::Any;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use common_procedure::Status;
 use common_telemetry::info;
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ use super::cursor::DropDatabaseCursor;
 use super::{DropDatabaseContext, DropTableTarget};
 use crate::ddl::drop_database::State;
 use crate::ddl::drop_table::executor::DropTableExecutor;
+use crate::ddl::utils::extract_region_wal_options;
 use crate::ddl::DdlContext;
 use crate::error::{self, Result};
 use crate::key::table_route::TableRouteValue;
@@ -107,8 +109,22 @@ impl State for DropDatabaseExecutor {
             self.physical_table_id,
             self.physical_region_routes.clone(),
         );
+
+        // Deletes topic-region mapping if dropping physical table
+        let region_wal_options =
+            if let TableRouteValue::Physical(table_route_value) = &table_route_value {
+                let datanode_table_values = ddl_ctx
+                    .table_metadata_manager
+                    .datanode_table_manager()
+                    .regions(self.physical_table_id, table_route_value)
+                    .await?;
+                extract_region_wal_options(&datanode_table_values)?
+            } else {
+                HashMap::new()
+            };
+
         executor
-            .on_destroy_metadata(ddl_ctx, &table_route_value)
+            .on_destroy_metadata(ddl_ctx, &table_route_value, &region_wal_options)
             .await?;
         executor.invalidate_table_cache(ddl_ctx).await?;
         executor

src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_table.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 pub(crate) mod executor;
 mod metadata;
 
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
 use common_procedure::error::{ExternalSnafu, FromJsonSnafu, ToJsonSnafu};
@@ -24,8 +26,10 @@ use common_procedure::{
 };
 use common_telemetry::info;
 use common_telemetry::tracing::warn;
+use common_wal::options::WalOptions;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
+use store_api::storage::RegionNumber;
 use strum::AsRefStr;
 use table::metadata::TableId;
 use table::table_reference::TableReference;
@@ -131,7 +135,11 @@ impl DropTableProcedure {
         );
         // Deletes table metadata logically.
         self.executor
-            .on_delete_metadata(&self.context, table_route_value)
+            .on_delete_metadata(
+                &self.context,
+                table_route_value,
+                &self.data.region_wal_options,
+            )
             .await?;
         info!("Deleted table metadata for table {table_id}");
         self.data.state = DropTableState::InvalidateTableCache;
@@ -163,7 +171,11 @@ impl DropTableProcedure {
             self.data.physical_region_routes.clone(),
         );
         self.executor
-            .on_delete_metadata_tombstone(&self.context, table_route_value)
+            .on_delete_metadata_tombstone(
+                &self.context,
+                table_route_value,
+                &self.data.region_wal_options,
+            )
             .await?;
 
         self.dropping_regions.clear();
@@ -243,7 +255,11 @@ impl Procedure for DropTableProcedure {
             self.data.physical_region_routes.clone(),
         );
         self.executor
-            .on_restore_metadata(&self.context, table_route_value)
+            .on_restore_metadata(
+                &self.context,
+                table_route_value,
+                &self.data.region_wal_options,
+            )
             .await
             .map_err(ProcedureError::external)
     }
@@ -257,6 +273,8 @@ pub struct DropTableData {
     pub physical_region_routes: Vec<RegionRoute>,
     pub physical_table_id: Option<TableId>,
     #[serde(default)]
+    pub region_wal_options: HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
+    #[serde(default)]
     pub allow_rollback: bool,
 }
 
@@ -268,6 +286,7 @@ impl DropTableData {
             task,
             physical_region_routes: vec![],
             physical_table_id: None,
+            region_wal_options: HashMap::new(),
             allow_rollback: false,
         }
     }

src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_table/executor.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 use api::v1::region::{
     region_request, DropRequest as PbDropRegionRequest, RegionRequest, RegionRequestHeader,
 };
@@ -19,9 +21,10 @@ use common_error::ext::ErrorExt;
 use common_error::status_code::StatusCode;
 use common_telemetry::debug;
 use common_telemetry::tracing_context::TracingContext;
+use common_wal::options::WalOptions;
 use futures::future::join_all;
 use snafu::ensure;
-use store_api::storage::RegionId;
+use store_api::storage::{RegionId, RegionNumber};
 use table::metadata::TableId;
 use table::table_name::TableName;
 
@@ -113,9 +116,15 @@ impl DropTableExecutor {
         &self,
         ctx: &DdlContext,
         table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
+        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         ctx.table_metadata_manager
-            .delete_table_metadata(self.table_id, &self.table, table_route_value)
+            .delete_table_metadata(
+                self.table_id,
+                &self.table,
+                table_route_value,
+                region_wal_options,
+            )
             .await
     }
 
@@ -124,9 +133,15 @@ impl DropTableExecutor {
         &self,
         ctx: &DdlContext,
         table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
+        region_wal_options: &HashMap<u32, WalOptions>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         ctx.table_metadata_manager
-            .delete_table_metadata_tombstone(self.table_id, &self.table, table_route_value)
+            .delete_table_metadata_tombstone(
+                self.table_id,
+                &self.table,
+                table_route_value,
+                region_wal_options,
+            )
             .await
     }
 
@@ -135,9 +150,15 @@ impl DropTableExecutor {
         &self,
         ctx: &DdlContext,
         table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
+        region_wal_options: &HashMap<u32, WalOptions>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         ctx.table_metadata_manager
-            .destroy_table_metadata(self.table_id, &self.table, table_route_value)
+            .destroy_table_metadata(
+                self.table_id,
+                &self.table,
+                table_route_value,
+                region_wal_options,
+            )
             .await?;
 
         let detecting_regions = if table_route_value.is_physical() {
@@ -156,9 +177,15 @@ impl DropTableExecutor {
         &self,
         ctx: &DdlContext,
         table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
+        region_wal_options: &HashMap<u32, WalOptions>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         ctx.table_metadata_manager
-            .restore_table_metadata(self.table_id, &self.table, table_route_value)
+            .restore_table_metadata(
+                self.table_id,
+                &self.table,
+                table_route_value,
+                region_wal_options,
+            )
             .await
     }
 

src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_table/metadata.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use snafu::OptionExt;
 use store_api::metric_engine_consts::METRIC_ENGINE_NAME;
 
 use crate::ddl::drop_table::DropTableProcedure;
+use crate::ddl::utils::extract_region_wal_options;
 use crate::error::{self, Result};
 
 impl DropTableProcedure {
@@ -30,9 +31,6 @@ impl DropTableProcedure {
             .get_physical_table_route(task.table_id)
             .await?;
 
-        self.data.physical_region_routes = physical_table_route_value.region_routes;
-        self.data.physical_table_id = Some(physical_table_id);
-
         if physical_table_id == self.data.table_id() {
             let table_info_value = self
                 .context
@@ -47,9 +45,21 @@ impl DropTableProcedure {
 
             let engine = table_info_value.table_info.meta.engine;
             // rollback only if dropping the metric physical table fails
-            self.data.allow_rollback = engine.as_str() == METRIC_ENGINE_NAME
+            self.data.allow_rollback = engine.as_str() == METRIC_ENGINE_NAME;
+
+            // Deletes topic-region mapping if dropping physical table
+            let datanode_table_values = self
+                .context
+                .table_metadata_manager
+                .datanode_table_manager()
+                .regions(physical_table_id, &physical_table_route_value)
+                .await?;
+            self.data.region_wal_options = extract_region_wal_options(&datanode_table_values)?;
         }
 
+        self.data.physical_region_routes = physical_table_route_value.region_routes;
+        self.data.physical_table_id = Some(physical_table_id);
+
         Ok(())
     }
 }

src/common/meta/src/ddl/tests/create_view.rs

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ async fn test_replace_view_metadata() {
         assert_eq!(err.status_code(), StatusCode::TableAlreadyExists);
     }
 
-    // Set `or_replce` to be `true` and try again
+    // Set `or_replace` to be `true` and try again
     task.create_view.or_replace = true;
     task.create_view.logical_plan = vec![4, 5, 6];
     task.create_view.definition = "new_definition".to_string();

src/common/meta/src/ddl/utils.rs

@@ -12,16 +12,23 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 use common_catalog::consts::METRIC_ENGINE;
 use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
 use common_procedure::error::Error as ProcedureError;
+use common_wal::options::WalOptions;
 use snafu::{ensure, OptionExt, ResultExt};
 use store_api::metric_engine_consts::LOGICAL_TABLE_METADATA_KEY;
+use store_api::storage::RegionNumber;
 use table::metadata::TableId;
 use table::table_reference::TableReference;
 
 use crate::ddl::DetectingRegion;
-use crate::error::{Error, OperateDatanodeSnafu, Result, TableNotFoundSnafu, UnsupportedSnafu};
+use crate::error::{
+    Error, OperateDatanodeSnafu, ParseWalOptionsSnafu, Result, TableNotFoundSnafu, UnsupportedSnafu,
+};
+use crate::key::datanode_table::DatanodeTableValue;
 use crate::key::table_name::TableNameKey;
 use crate::key::TableMetadataManagerRef;
 use crate::peer::Peer;
@@ -151,6 +158,32 @@ pub fn convert_region_routes_to_detecting_regions(
         .collect::<Vec<_>>()
 }
 
+/// Parses [WalOptions] from serialized strings in hashmap.
+pub fn parse_region_wal_options(
+    serialized_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, String>,
+) -> Result<HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>> {
+    let mut region_wal_options = HashMap::with_capacity(serialized_options.len());
+    for (region_number, wal_options) in serialized_options {
+        let wal_option = serde_json::from_str::<WalOptions>(wal_options)
+            .context(ParseWalOptionsSnafu { wal_options })?;
+        region_wal_options.insert(*region_number, wal_option);
+    }
+    Ok(region_wal_options)
+}
+
+/// Extracts region wal options from [DatanodeTableValue]s.
+pub fn extract_region_wal_options(
+    datanode_table_values: &Vec<DatanodeTableValue>,
+) -> Result<HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>> {
+    let mut region_wal_options = HashMap::new();
+    for value in datanode_table_values {
+        let serialized_options = &value.region_info.region_wal_options;
+        let parsed_options = parse_region_wal_options(serialized_options)?;
+        region_wal_options.extend(parsed_options);
+    }
+    Ok(region_wal_options)
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;

src/common/meta/src/error.rs

@@ -686,8 +686,8 @@ pub enum Error {
     },
 
     #[cfg(feature = "pg_kvbackend")]
-    #[snafu(display("Postgres transaction retry failed"))]
-    PostgresTransactionRetryFailed {
+    #[snafu(display("Rds transaction retry failed"))]
+    RdsTransactionRetryFailed {
         #[snafu(implicit)]
         location: Location,
     },
@@ -710,6 +710,15 @@ pub enum Error {
         #[snafu(implicit)]
         location: Location,
     },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to parse wal options: {}", wal_options))]
+    ParseWalOptions {
+        wal_options: String,
+        #[snafu(implicit)]
+        location: Location,
+        #[snafu(source)]
+        error: serde_json::Error,
+    },
 }
 
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
@@ -762,7 +771,8 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             | UnexpectedLogicalRouteTable { .. }
             | ProcedureOutput { .. }
             | FromUtf8 { .. }
-            | MetadataCorruption { .. } => StatusCode::Unexpected,
+            | MetadataCorruption { .. }
+            | ParseWalOptions { .. } => StatusCode::Unexpected,
 
             SendMessage { .. } | GetKvCache { .. } | CacheNotGet { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
 
@@ -814,7 +824,7 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             | CreatePostgresPool { .. }
             | GetPostgresConnection { .. }
             | PostgresTransaction { .. }
-            | PostgresTransactionRetryFailed { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
+            | RdsTransactionRetryFailed { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
             Error::DatanodeTableInfoNotFound { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
         }
     }

src/common/meta/src/key.rs

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 //!     - This key is mainly used in constructing the view in Datanode and Frontend.
 //!
 //! 12. Kafka topic key: `__topic_name/kafka/{topic_name}`
-//！    - The key is used to mark existing topics in kafka for WAL.
+//!     - The key is used to mark existing topics in kafka for WAL.
 //!
 //! 13. Topic name to region map key `__topic_region/{topic_name}/{region_id}`
 //!     - Mapping {topic_name} to {region_id}
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ use common_catalog::consts::{
     DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_PRIVATE_SCHEMA_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME,
 };
 use common_telemetry::warn;
+use common_wal::options::WalOptions;
 use datanode_table::{DatanodeTableKey, DatanodeTableManager, DatanodeTableValue};
 use flow::flow_route::FlowRouteValue;
 use flow::table_flow::TableFlowValue;
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ use table::metadata::{RawTableInfo, TableId};
 use table::table_name::TableName;
 use table_info::{TableInfoKey, TableInfoManager, TableInfoValue};
 use table_name::{TableNameKey, TableNameManager, TableNameValue};
+use topic_region::{TopicRegionKey, TopicRegionManager};
 use view_info::{ViewInfoKey, ViewInfoManager, ViewInfoValue};
 
 use self::catalog_name::{CatalogManager, CatalogNameKey, CatalogNameValue};
@@ -306,6 +308,7 @@ pub struct TableMetadataManager {
     schema_manager: SchemaManager,
     table_route_manager: TableRouteManager,
     tombstone_manager: TombstoneManager,
+    topic_region_manager: TopicRegionManager,
     kv_backend: KvBackendRef,
 }
 
@@ -456,6 +459,7 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
             schema_manager: SchemaManager::new(kv_backend.clone()),
             table_route_manager: TableRouteManager::new(kv_backend.clone()),
             tombstone_manager: TombstoneManager::new(kv_backend.clone()),
+            topic_region_manager: TopicRegionManager::new(kv_backend.clone()),
             kv_backend,
         }
     }
@@ -648,10 +652,15 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
             .table_route_storage()
             .build_create_txn(table_id, &table_route_value)?;
 
+        let create_topic_region_txn = self
+            .topic_region_manager
+            .build_create_txn(table_id, &region_wal_options)?;
+
         let mut txn = Txn::merge_all(vec![
             create_table_name_txn,
             create_table_info_txn,
             create_table_route_txn,
+            create_topic_region_txn,
         ]);
 
         if let TableRouteValue::Physical(x) = &table_route_value {
@@ -785,6 +794,7 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
         table_id: TableId,
         table_name: &TableName,
         table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
+        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
     ) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>> {
         // Builds keys
         let datanode_ids = if table_route_value.is_physical() {
@@ -806,13 +816,22 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
             .into_iter()
             .map(|datanode_id| DatanodeTableKey::new(datanode_id, table_id))
             .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-
+        let topic_region_map = self
+            .topic_region_manager
+            .get_topic_region_mapping(table_id, region_wal_options);
+        let topic_region_keys = topic_region_map
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(region_id, topic)| TopicRegionKey::new(*region_id, topic))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
         keys.push(table_name.to_bytes());
         keys.push(table_info_key.to_bytes());
         keys.push(table_route_key.to_bytes());
         for key in &datanode_table_keys {
             keys.push(key.to_bytes());
         }
+        for key in topic_region_keys {
+            keys.push(key.to_bytes());
+        }
         Ok(keys)
     }
 
@@ -823,8 +842,10 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
         table_id: TableId,
         table_name: &TableName,
         table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
+        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
-        let keys = self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value)?;
+        let keys =
+            self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value, region_wal_options)?;
         self.tombstone_manager.create(keys).await
     }
 
@@ -835,9 +856,11 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
         table_id: TableId,
         table_name: &TableName,
         table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
+        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
-        let keys = self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value)?;
-        self.tombstone_manager.delete(keys).await
+        let table_metadata_keys =
+            self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value, region_wal_options)?;
+        self.tombstone_manager.delete(table_metadata_keys).await
     }
 
     /// Restores metadata for table.
@@ -847,8 +870,10 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
         table_id: TableId,
         table_name: &TableName,
         table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
+        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
-        let keys = self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value)?;
+        let keys =
+            self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value, region_wal_options)?;
         self.tombstone_manager.restore(keys).await
     }
 
@@ -859,8 +884,10 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
         table_id: TableId,
         table_name: &TableName,
         table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
+        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
-        let keys = self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value)?;
+        let keys =
+            self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value, region_wal_options)?;
         let _ = self
             .kv_backend
             .batch_delete(BatchDeleteRequest::new().with_keys(keys))
@@ -1309,8 +1336,9 @@ mod tests {
     use bytes::Bytes;
     use common_catalog::consts::{DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME};
     use common_time::util::current_time_millis;
+    use common_wal::options::{KafkaWalOptions, WalOptions};
     use futures::TryStreamExt;
-    use store_api::storage::RegionId;
+    use store_api::storage::{RegionId, RegionNumber};
     use table::metadata::{RawTableInfo, TableInfo};
     use table::table_name::TableName;
 
@@ -1323,10 +1351,15 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::key::table_info::TableInfoValue;
     use crate::key::table_name::TableNameKey;
     use crate::key::table_route::TableRouteValue;
-    use crate::key::{DeserializedValueWithBytes, TableMetadataManager, ViewInfoValue};
+    use crate::key::{
+        DeserializedValueWithBytes, TableMetadataManager, ViewInfoValue, TOPIC_REGION_PREFIX,
+    };
     use crate::kv_backend::memory::MemoryKvBackend;
+    use crate::kv_backend::KvBackend;
     use crate::peer::Peer;
     use crate::rpc::router::{region_distribution, LeaderState, Region, RegionRoute};
+    use crate::rpc::store::RangeRequest;
+    use crate::wal_options_allocator::{allocate_region_wal_options, WalOptionsAllocator};
 
     #[test]
     fn test_deserialized_value_with_bytes() {
@@ -1398,16 +1431,63 @@ mod tests {
         table_metadata_manager: &TableMetadataManager,
         table_info: RawTableInfo,
         region_routes: Vec<RegionRoute>,
+        region_wal_options: HashMap<RegionNumber, String>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         table_metadata_manager
             .create_table_metadata(
                 table_info,
                 TableRouteValue::physical(region_routes),
-                HashMap::default(),
+                region_wal_options,
             )
             .await
     }
 
+    fn create_mock_region_wal_options() -> HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions> {
+        let topics = (0..2)
+            .map(|i| format!("greptimedb_topic{}", i))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let wal_options = topics
+            .iter()
+            .map(|topic| {
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: topic.clone(),
+                })
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        (0..16)
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(i, region_number)| (region_number, wal_options[i % wal_options.len()].clone()))
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_raft_engine_topic_region_map() {
+        let mem_kv = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
+        let table_metadata_manager = TableMetadataManager::new(mem_kv.clone());
+        let region_route = new_test_region_route();
+        let region_routes = &vec![region_route.clone()];
+        let table_info: RawTableInfo =
+            new_test_table_info(region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())).into();
+        let wal_allocator = WalOptionsAllocator::RaftEngine;
+        let regions = (0..16).collect();
+        let region_wal_options = allocate_region_wal_options(regions, &wal_allocator).unwrap();
+        create_physical_table_metadata(
+            &table_metadata_manager,
+            table_info.clone(),
+            region_routes.clone(),
+            region_wal_options.clone(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let topic_region_key = TOPIC_REGION_PREFIX.to_string();
+        let range_req = RangeRequest::new().with_prefix(topic_region_key);
+        let resp = mem_kv.range(range_req).await.unwrap();
+        // Should be empty because the topic region map is empty for raft engine.
+        assert!(resp.kvs.is_empty());
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_create_table_metadata() {
         let mem_kv = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
@@ -1416,11 +1496,17 @@ mod tests {
         let region_routes = &vec![region_route.clone()];
         let table_info: RawTableInfo =
             new_test_table_info(region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())).into();
+        let region_wal_options = create_mock_region_wal_options()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(k, v)| (k, serde_json::to_string(&v).unwrap()))
+            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+
         // creates metadata.
         create_physical_table_metadata(
             &table_metadata_manager,
             table_info.clone(),
             region_routes.clone(),
+            region_wal_options.clone(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -1430,6 +1516,7 @@ mod tests {
             &table_metadata_manager,
             table_info.clone(),
             region_routes.clone(),
+            region_wal_options.clone(),
         )
         .await
         .is_ok());
@@ -1440,7 +1527,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(create_physical_table_metadata(
             &table_metadata_manager,
             table_info.clone(),
-            modified_region_routes
+            modified_region_routes,
+            region_wal_options.clone(),
         )
         .await
         .is_err());
@@ -1462,6 +1550,19 @@ mod tests {
                 .unwrap(),
             region_routes
         );
+
+        for i in 0..2 {
+            let region_number = i as u32;
+            let region_id = RegionId::new(table_info.ident.table_id, region_number);
+            let topic = format!("greptimedb_topic{}", i);
+            let regions = table_metadata_manager
+                .topic_region_manager
+                .regions(&topic)
+                .await
+                .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(regions.len(), 8);
+            assert_eq!(regions[0], region_id);
+        }
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -1557,12 +1658,18 @@ mod tests {
             new_test_table_info(region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())).into();
         let table_id = table_info.ident.table_id;
         let datanode_id = 2;
+        let region_wal_options = create_mock_region_wal_options();
+        let serialized_region_wal_options = region_wal_options
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(k, v)| (*k, serde_json::to_string(v).unwrap()))
+            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
 
         // creates metadata.
         create_physical_table_metadata(
             &table_metadata_manager,
             table_info.clone(),
             region_routes.clone(),
+            serialized_region_wal_options,
         )
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -1575,12 +1682,22 @@ mod tests {
         let table_route_value = &TableRouteValue::physical(region_routes.clone());
         // deletes metadata.
         table_metadata_manager
-            .delete_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, table_route_value)
+            .delete_table_metadata(
+                table_id,
+                &table_name,
+                table_route_value,
+                &region_wal_options,
+            )
             .await
             .unwrap();
         // Should be ignored.
         table_metadata_manager
-            .delete_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, table_route_value)
+            .delete_table_metadata(
+                table_id,
+                &table_name,
+                table_route_value,
+                &region_wal_options,
+            )
             .await
             .unwrap();
         assert!(table_metadata_manager
@@ -1617,6 +1734,19 @@ mod tests {
             .await
             .unwrap();
         assert!(table_route.is_none());
+        // Logical delete removes the topic region mapping as well.
+        let regions = table_metadata_manager
+            .topic_region_manager
+            .regions("greptimedb_topic0")
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(regions.len(), 0);
+        let regions = table_metadata_manager
+            .topic_region_manager
+            .regions("greptimedb_topic1")
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(regions.len(), 0);
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -1633,6 +1763,7 @@ mod tests {
             &table_metadata_manager,
             table_info.clone(),
             region_routes.clone(),
+            HashMap::new(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -1705,6 +1836,7 @@ mod tests {
             &table_metadata_manager,
             table_info.clone(),
             region_routes.clone(),
+            HashMap::new(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -1790,6 +1922,7 @@ mod tests {
             &table_metadata_manager,
             table_info.clone(),
             region_routes.clone(),
+            HashMap::new(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -1870,6 +2003,7 @@ mod tests {
             &table_metadata_manager,
             table_info.clone(),
             region_routes.clone(),
+            HashMap::new(),
         )
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -1980,7 +2114,11 @@ mod tests {
         let table_id = 1025;
         let table_name = "foo";
         let task = test_create_table_task(table_name, table_id);
-        let options = [(0, "test".to_string())].into();
+        let options = create_mock_region_wal_options();
+        let serialized_options = options
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(k, v)| (*k, serde_json::to_string(v).unwrap()))
+            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
         table_metadata_manager
             .create_table_metadata(
                 task.table_info,
@@ -2007,7 +2145,7 @@ mod tests {
                         leader_down_since: None,
                     },
                 ]),
-                options,
+                serialized_options,
             )
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -2020,7 +2158,7 @@ mod tests {
             .unwrap()
             .unwrap();
         table_metadata_manager
-            .destroy_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value)
+            .destroy_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value, &options)
             .await
             .unwrap();
         assert!(mem_kv.is_empty());
@@ -2033,7 +2171,11 @@ mod tests {
         let table_id = 1025;
         let table_name = "foo";
         let task = test_create_table_task(table_name, table_id);
-        let options = [(0, "test".to_string())].into();
+        let options = create_mock_region_wal_options();
+        let serialized_options = options
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(k, v)| (*k, serde_json::to_string(v).unwrap()))
+            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
         table_metadata_manager
             .create_table_metadata(
                 task.table_info,
@@ -2060,7 +2202,7 @@ mod tests {
                         leader_down_since: None,
                     },
                 ]),
-                options,
+                serialized_options,
             )
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -2076,18 +2218,18 @@ mod tests {
         let table_name = TableName::new(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, table_name);
         let table_route_value = TableRouteValue::physical(region_routes.clone());
         table_metadata_manager
-            .delete_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value)
+            .delete_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value, &options)
             .await
             .unwrap();
         table_metadata_manager
-            .restore_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value)
+            .restore_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value, &options)
             .await
             .unwrap();
         let kvs = mem_kv.dump();
         assert_eq!(kvs, expected_result);
         // Should be ignored.
         table_metadata_manager
-            .restore_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value)
+            .restore_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value, &options)
             .await
             .unwrap();
         let kvs = mem_kv.dump();

src/common/meta/src/key/datanode_table.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use snafu::OptionExt;
 use store_api::storage::RegionNumber;
 use table::metadata::TableId;
 
+use super::table_route::PhysicalTableRouteValue;
 use super::MetadataKey;
 use crate::error::{DatanodeTableInfoNotFoundSnafu, InvalidMetadataSnafu, Result};
 use crate::key::{
@@ -29,7 +30,8 @@ use crate::key::{
 use crate::kv_backend::txn::{Txn, TxnOp};
 use crate::kv_backend::KvBackendRef;
 use crate::range_stream::{PaginationStream, DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE};
-use crate::rpc::store::RangeRequest;
+use crate::rpc::router::region_distribution;
+use crate::rpc::store::{BatchGetRequest, RangeRequest};
 use crate::rpc::KeyValue;
 use crate::DatanodeId;
 
@@ -172,6 +174,26 @@ impl DatanodeTableManager {
         Box::pin(stream)
     }
 
+    /// Find the [DatanodeTableValue]s for the given [TableId] and [PhysicalTableRouteValue].
+    pub async fn regions(
+        &self,
+        table_id: TableId,
+        table_routes: &PhysicalTableRouteValue,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<DatanodeTableValue>> {
+        let keys = region_distribution(&table_routes.region_routes)
+            .into_keys()
+            .map(|datanode_id| DatanodeTableKey::new(datanode_id, table_id))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let req = BatchGetRequest {
+            keys: keys.iter().map(|k| k.to_bytes()).collect(),
+        };
+        let resp = self.kv_backend.batch_get(req).await?;
+        resp.kvs
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(datanode_table_value_decoder)
+            .collect()
+    }
+
     /// Builds the create datanode table transactions. It only executes while the primary keys comparing successes.
     pub fn build_create_txn(
         &self,

src/common/meta/src/key/flow/flow_name.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use common_telemetry::warn;
 use futures::stream::BoxStream;
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use regex::Regex;
@@ -37,6 +38,12 @@ lazy_static! {
         "^{FLOW_NAME_KEY_PREFIX}/({NAME_PATTERN})/({NAME_PATTERN})$"
     ))
     .unwrap();
+
+    /// for compatibility with older flow name with less strict name pattern
+    static ref COMPAT_FLOW_NAME_KEY_PATTERN: Regex = Regex::new(&format!(
+        "^{FLOW_NAME_KEY_PREFIX}/({NAME_PATTERN})/(.*)$"
+    ))
+    .unwrap();
 }
 
 /// The key of mapping {flow_name} to [FlowId].
@@ -114,12 +121,18 @@ impl<'a> MetadataKey<'a, FlowNameKeyInner<'a>> for FlowNameKeyInner<'_> {
             }
             .build()
         })?;
-        let captures =
-            FLOW_NAME_KEY_PATTERN
-                .captures(key)
-                .context(error::InvalidMetadataSnafu {
-                    err_msg: format!("Invalid FlowNameKeyInner '{key}'"),
-                })?;
+        let captures = FLOW_NAME_KEY_PATTERN
+            .captures(key)
+            .or_else(|| {
+                warn!(
+                    "FlowNameKeyInner '{}' is not a valid flow name in newer version.",
+                    key
+                );
+                COMPAT_FLOW_NAME_KEY_PATTERN.captures(key)
+            })
+            .context(error::InvalidMetadataSnafu {
+                err_msg: format!("Invalid FlowNameKeyInner '{key}'"),
+            })?;
         // Safety: pass the regex check above
         let catalog_name = captures.get(1).unwrap().as_str();
         let flow_name = captures.get(2).unwrap().as_str();
@@ -284,6 +297,12 @@ mod tests {
         let key = FlowNameKey::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(key.catalog(), "my_catalog");
         assert_eq!(key.flow_name(), "my_task");
+
+        // compatibility with older version
+        let bytes = b"__flow/name/my_catalog/a/`b`".to_vec();
+        let key = FlowNameKey::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(key.catalog(), "my_catalog");
+        assert_eq!(key.flow_name(), "a/`b`");
     }
     #[test]
     fn test_key_start_range() {

src/common/meta/src/key/topic_region.rs

@@ -26,18 +26,25 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt::{self, Display};
 
+use common_wal::options::WalOptions;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use snafu::OptionExt;
-use store_api::storage::RegionId;
+use store_api::storage::{RegionId, RegionNumber};
+use table::metadata::TableId;
 
+use crate::ddl::utils::parse_region_wal_options;
 use crate::error::{Error, InvalidMetadataSnafu, Result};
 use crate::key::{MetadataKey, TOPIC_REGION_PATTERN, TOPIC_REGION_PREFIX};
+use crate::kv_backend::txn::{Txn, TxnOp};
 use crate::kv_backend::KvBackendRef;
-use crate::rpc::store::{BatchPutRequest, PutRequest, RangeRequest};
+use crate::rpc::store::{BatchDeleteRequest, BatchPutRequest, PutRequest, RangeRequest};
 use crate::rpc::KeyValue;
 
+// The TopicRegionKey is a key for the topic-region mapping in the kvbackend.
+// The layout of the key is `__topic_region/{topic_name}/{region_id}`.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct TopicRegionKey<'a> {
     pub region_id: RegionId,
@@ -53,7 +60,7 @@ impl<'a> TopicRegionKey<'a> {
     }
 
     pub fn range_topic_key(topic: &str) -> String {
-        format!("{}/{}", TOPIC_REGION_PREFIX, topic)
+        format!("{}/{}/", TOPIC_REGION_PREFIX, topic)
     }
 }
 
@@ -80,7 +87,7 @@ impl Display for TopicRegionKey<'_> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         write!(
             f,
-            "{}/{}",
+            "{}{}",
             Self::range_topic_key(self.topic),
             self.region_id.as_u64()
         )
@@ -151,6 +158,24 @@ impl TopicRegionManager {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    pub fn build_create_txn(
+        &self,
+        table_id: TableId,
+        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, String>,
+    ) -> Result<Txn> {
+        let region_wal_options = parse_region_wal_options(region_wal_options)?;
+        let topic_region_mapping = self.get_topic_region_mapping(table_id, &region_wal_options);
+        let topic_region_keys = topic_region_mapping
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(topic, region_id)| TopicRegionKey::new(*topic, region_id))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let operations = topic_region_keys
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|key| TxnOp::Put(key.to_bytes(), vec![]))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        Ok(Txn::new().and_then(operations))
+    }
+
     /// Returns the list of region ids using specified topic.
     pub async fn regions(&self, topic: &str) -> Result<Vec<RegionId>> {
         let prefix = TopicRegionKey::range_topic_key(topic);
@@ -169,12 +194,49 @@ impl TopicRegionManager {
         self.kv_backend.delete(&raw_key, false).await?;
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    pub async fn batch_delete(&self, keys: Vec<TopicRegionKey<'_>>) -> Result<()> {
+        let raw_keys = keys.iter().map(|key| key.to_bytes()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let req = BatchDeleteRequest {
+            keys: raw_keys,
+            prev_kv: false,
+        };
+        self.kv_backend.batch_delete(req).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves a mapping of [`RegionId`]s to their corresponding topics name
+    /// based on the provided table ID and WAL options.
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    /// A vector of tuples, where each tuple contains a [`RegionId`] and its corresponding topic name.
+    pub fn get_topic_region_mapping<'a>(
+        &self,
+        table_id: TableId,
+        region_wal_options: &'a HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
+    ) -> Vec<(RegionId, &'a str)> {
+        region_wal_options
+            .keys()
+            .filter_map(
+                |region_number| match region_wal_options.get(region_number) {
+                    Some(WalOptions::Kafka(kafka)) => {
+                        let region_id = RegionId::new(table_id, *region_number);
+                        Some((region_id, kafka.topic.as_str()))
+                    }
+                    Some(WalOptions::RaftEngine) => None,
+                    None => None,
+                },
+            )
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::sync::Arc;
 
+    use common_wal::options::KafkaWalOptions;
+
     use super::*;
     use crate::kv_backend::memory::MemoryKvBackend;
 
@@ -220,4 +282,45 @@ mod tests {
         key_values.sort_by_key(|id| id.as_u64());
         assert_eq!(key_values, expected);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_topic_region_map() {
+        let kv_backend = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
+        let manager = TopicRegionManager::new(kv_backend.clone());
+
+        let table_id = 1;
+        let region_wal_options = (0..64)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let region_number = i;
+                let wal_options = if i % 2 == 0 {
+                    WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                        topic: format!("topic_{}", i),
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    WalOptions::RaftEngine
+                };
+                (region_number, serde_json::to_string(&wal_options).unwrap())
+            })
+            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+
+        let region_wal_options = parse_region_wal_options(&region_wal_options).unwrap();
+        let mut topic_region_mapping =
+            manager.get_topic_region_mapping(table_id, &region_wal_options);
+        let mut expected = (0..64)
+            .filter_map(|i| {
+                if i % 2 == 0 {
+                    Some((RegionId::new(table_id, i), format!("topic_{}", i)))
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        topic_region_mapping.sort_by_key(|(region_id, _)| region_id.as_u64());
+        let topic_region_map = topic_region_mapping
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(region_id, topic)| (*region_id, topic.to_string()))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        expected.sort_by_key(|(region_id, _)| region_id.as_u64());
+        assert_eq!(topic_region_map, expected);
+    }
 }

src/common/meta/src/kv_backend.rs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub mod chroot;
 pub mod etcd;
 pub mod memory;
 #[cfg(feature = "pg_kvbackend")]
-pub mod postgres;
+pub mod rds;
 pub mod test;
 pub mod txn;
 

src/common/meta/src/kv_backend/rds.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,548 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::any::Any;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use backon::{BackoffBuilder, ExponentialBuilder};
+use common_telemetry::debug;
+
+use crate::error::{Error, RdsTransactionRetryFailedSnafu, Result};
+use crate::kv_backend::txn::{
+    Compare, Txn as KvTxn, TxnOp, TxnOpResponse, TxnResponse as KvTxnResponse,
+};
+use crate::kv_backend::{KvBackend, TxnService};
+use crate::metrics::METRIC_META_TXN_REQUEST;
+use crate::rpc::store::{
+    BatchDeleteRequest, BatchDeleteResponse, BatchGetRequest, BatchGetResponse, BatchPutRequest,
+    BatchPutResponse, DeleteRangeRequest, DeleteRangeResponse, PutRequest, PutResponse,
+    RangeRequest, RangeResponse,
+};
+use crate::rpc::KeyValue;
+
+mod postgres;
+
+pub use postgres::PgStore;
+
+const RDS_STORE_TXN_RETRY_COUNT: usize = 3;
+
+/// Query executor for rds. It can execute queries or generate a transaction executor.
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+pub trait Executor: Send + Sync {
+    type Transaction<'a>: 'a + Transaction<'a>
+    where
+        Self: 'a;
+
+    fn name() -> &'static str;
+
+    async fn query(&mut self, query: &str, params: &[&Vec<u8>]) -> Result<Vec<KeyValue>>;
+
+    /// Some queries don't need to return any result, such as `DELETE`.
+    async fn execute(&mut self, query: &str, params: &[&Vec<u8>]) -> Result<()> {
+        self.query(query, params).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn txn_executor<'a>(&'a mut self) -> Result<Self::Transaction<'a>>;
+}
+
+/// Transaction query executor for rds. It can execute queries in transaction or commit the transaction.
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+pub trait Transaction<'a>: Send + Sync {
+    async fn query(&mut self, query: &str, params: &[&Vec<u8>]) -> Result<Vec<KeyValue>>;
+
+    async fn execute(&mut self, query: &str, params: &[&Vec<u8>]) -> Result<()> {
+        self.query(query, params).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn commit(self) -> Result<()>;
+}
+
+/// Factory for creating default and transaction query executors.
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+pub trait ExecutorFactory<T: Executor>: Send + Sync {
+    async fn default_executor(&self) -> Result<T>;
+
+    async fn txn_executor<'a>(&self, default_executor: &'a mut T) -> Result<T::Transaction<'a>>;
+}
+
+/// Rds backed store for metsrv
+pub struct RdsStore<T, S, R>
+where
+    T: Executor + Send + Sync,
+    S: ExecutorFactory<T> + Send + Sync,
+{
+    max_txn_ops: usize,
+    txn_retry_count: usize,
+    executor_factory: S,
+    sql_template_set: R,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+pub enum ExecutorImpl<'a, T: Executor + 'a> {
+    Default(T),
+    Txn(T::Transaction<'a>),
+}
+
+impl<T: Executor> ExecutorImpl<'_, T> {
+    async fn query(&mut self, query: &str, params: &Vec<&Vec<u8>>) -> Result<Vec<KeyValue>> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Default(executor) => executor.query(query, params).await,
+            Self::Txn(executor) => executor.query(query, params).await,
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn commit(self) -> Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Txn(executor) => executor.commit().await,
+            _ => Ok(()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+pub trait KvQueryExecutor<T: Executor> {
+    async fn range_with_query_executor(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
+        req: RangeRequest,
+    ) -> Result<RangeResponse>;
+
+    async fn put_with_query_executor(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
+        req: PutRequest,
+    ) -> Result<PutResponse> {
+        let kv = KeyValue {
+            key: req.key,
+            value: req.value,
+        };
+        let mut res = self
+            .batch_put_with_query_executor(
+                query_executor,
+                BatchPutRequest {
+                    kvs: vec![kv],
+                    prev_kv: req.prev_kv,
+                },
+            )
+            .await?;
+
+        if !res.prev_kvs.is_empty() {
+            debug_assert!(req.prev_kv);
+            return Ok(PutResponse {
+                prev_kv: Some(res.prev_kvs.remove(0)),
+            });
+        }
+        Ok(PutResponse::default())
+    }
+
+    async fn batch_put_with_query_executor(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
+        req: BatchPutRequest,
+    ) -> Result<BatchPutResponse>;
+
+    /// Batch get with certain client. It's needed for a client with transaction.
+    async fn batch_get_with_query_executor(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
+        req: BatchGetRequest,
+    ) -> Result<BatchGetResponse>;
+
+    async fn delete_range_with_query_executor(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
+        req: DeleteRangeRequest,
+    ) -> Result<DeleteRangeResponse>;
+
+    async fn batch_delete_with_query_executor(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
+        req: BatchDeleteRequest,
+    ) -> Result<BatchDeleteResponse>;
+}
+
+impl<T, S, R> RdsStore<T, S, R>
+where
+    Self: KvQueryExecutor<T> + Send + Sync,
+    T: Executor + Send + Sync,
+    S: ExecutorFactory<T> + Send + Sync,
+{
+    async fn execute_txn_cmp(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
+        cmp: &[Compare],
+    ) -> Result<bool> {
+        let batch_get_req = BatchGetRequest {
+            keys: cmp.iter().map(|c| c.key.clone()).collect(),
+        };
+        let res = self
+            .batch_get_with_query_executor(query_executor, batch_get_req)
+            .await?;
+        debug!("batch get res: {:?}", res);
+        let res_map = res
+            .kvs
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|kv| (kv.key, kv.value))
+            .collect::<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>>();
+        for c in cmp {
+            let value = res_map.get(&c.key);
+            if !c.compare_value(value) {
+                return Ok(false);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    /// Execute a batch of transaction operations. This function is only used for transactions with the same operation type.
+    async fn try_batch_txn(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
+        txn_ops: &[TxnOp],
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<TxnOpResponse>>> {
+        if !check_txn_ops(txn_ops)? {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+        // Safety: txn_ops is not empty
+        match txn_ops.first().unwrap() {
+            TxnOp::Delete(_) => self.handle_batch_delete(query_executor, txn_ops).await,
+            TxnOp::Put(_, _) => self.handle_batch_put(query_executor, txn_ops).await,
+            TxnOp::Get(_) => self.handle_batch_get(query_executor, txn_ops).await,
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn handle_batch_delete(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
+        txn_ops: &[TxnOp],
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<TxnOpResponse>>> {
+        let mut batch_del_req = BatchDeleteRequest {
+            keys: vec![],
+            prev_kv: true,
+        };
+        for op in txn_ops {
+            if let TxnOp::Delete(key) = op {
+                batch_del_req.keys.push(key.clone());
+            }
+        }
+        let res = self
+            .batch_delete_with_query_executor(query_executor, batch_del_req)
+            .await?;
+        let res_map = res
+            .prev_kvs
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|kv| (kv.key, kv.value))
+            .collect::<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>>();
+        let mut resps = Vec::with_capacity(txn_ops.len());
+        for op in txn_ops {
+            if let TxnOp::Delete(key) = op {
+                let value = res_map.get(key);
+                resps.push(TxnOpResponse::ResponseDelete(DeleteRangeResponse {
+                    deleted: if value.is_some() { 1 } else { 0 },
+                    prev_kvs: vec![],
+                }));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(Some(resps))
+    }
+
+    async fn handle_batch_put(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
+        txn_ops: &[TxnOp],
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<TxnOpResponse>>> {
+        let mut batch_put_req = BatchPutRequest {
+            kvs: vec![],
+            prev_kv: false,
+        };
+        for op in txn_ops {
+            if let TxnOp::Put(key, value) = op {
+                batch_put_req.kvs.push(KeyValue {
+                    key: key.clone(),
+                    value: value.clone(),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        let _ = self
+            .batch_put_with_query_executor(query_executor, batch_put_req)
+            .await?;
+        let mut resps = Vec::with_capacity(txn_ops.len());
+        for op in txn_ops {
+            if let TxnOp::Put(_, _) = op {
+                resps.push(TxnOpResponse::ResponsePut(PutResponse { prev_kv: None }));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(Some(resps))
+    }
+
+    async fn handle_batch_get(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
+        txn_ops: &[TxnOp],
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<TxnOpResponse>>> {
+        let mut batch_get_req = BatchGetRequest { keys: vec![] };
+        for op in txn_ops {
+            if let TxnOp::Get(key) = op {
+                batch_get_req.keys.push(key.clone());
+            }
+        }
+        let res = self
+            .batch_get_with_query_executor(query_executor, batch_get_req)
+            .await?;
+        let res_map = res
+            .kvs
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|kv| (kv.key, kv.value))
+            .collect::<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>>();
+        let mut resps = Vec::with_capacity(txn_ops.len());
+        for op in txn_ops {
+            if let TxnOp::Get(key) = op {
+                let value = res_map.get(key);
+                resps.push(TxnOpResponse::ResponseGet(RangeResponse {
+                    kvs: value
+                        .map(|v| {
+                            vec![KeyValue {
+                                key: key.clone(),
+                                value: v.clone(),
+                            }]
+                        })
+                        .unwrap_or_default(),
+                    more: false,
+                }));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(Some(resps))
+    }
+
+    async fn execute_txn_op(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
+        op: &TxnOp,
+    ) -> Result<TxnOpResponse> {
+        match op {
+            TxnOp::Put(key, value) => {
+                let res = self
+                    .put_with_query_executor(
+                        query_executor,
+                        PutRequest {
+                            key: key.clone(),
+                            value: value.clone(),
+                            prev_kv: false,
+                        },
+                    )
+                    .await?;
+                Ok(TxnOpResponse::ResponsePut(res))
+            }
+            TxnOp::Get(key) => {
+                let res = self
+                    .range_with_query_executor(
+                        query_executor,
+                        RangeRequest {
+                            key: key.clone(),
+                            range_end: vec![],
+                            limit: 1,
+                            keys_only: false,
+                        },
+                    )
+                    .await?;
+                Ok(TxnOpResponse::ResponseGet(res))
+            }
+            TxnOp::Delete(key) => {
+                let res = self
+                    .delete_range_with_query_executor(
+                        query_executor,
+                        DeleteRangeRequest {
+                            key: key.clone(),
+                            range_end: vec![],
+                            prev_kv: false,
+                        },
+                    )
+                    .await?;
+                Ok(TxnOpResponse::ResponseDelete(res))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn txn_inner(&self, txn: &KvTxn) -> Result<KvTxnResponse> {
+        let mut default_executor = self.executor_factory.default_executor().await?;
+        let mut txn_executor = ExecutorImpl::Txn(
+            self.executor_factory
+                .txn_executor(&mut default_executor)
+                .await?,
+        );
+        let mut success = true;
+        if txn.c_when {
+            success = self
+                .execute_txn_cmp(&mut txn_executor, &txn.req.compare)
+                .await?;
+        }
+        let mut responses = vec![];
+        if success && txn.c_then {
+            match self
+                .try_batch_txn(&mut txn_executor, &txn.req.success)
+                .await?
+            {
+                Some(res) => responses.extend(res),
+                None => {
+                    for txnop in &txn.req.success {
+                        let res = self.execute_txn_op(&mut txn_executor, txnop).await?;
+                        responses.push(res);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else if !success && txn.c_else {
+            match self
+                .try_batch_txn(&mut txn_executor, &txn.req.failure)
+                .await?
+            {
+                Some(res) => responses.extend(res),
+                None => {
+                    for txnop in &txn.req.failure {
+                        let res = self.execute_txn_op(&mut txn_executor, txnop).await?;
+                        responses.push(res);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        txn_executor.commit().await?;
+        Ok(KvTxnResponse {
+            responses,
+            succeeded: success,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl<T, S, R> KvBackend for RdsStore<T, S, R>
+where
+    R: 'static,
+    Self: KvQueryExecutor<T> + Send + Sync,
+    T: Executor + 'static,
+    S: ExecutorFactory<T> + 'static,
+{
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        T::name()
+    }
+
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    async fn range(&self, req: RangeRequest) -> Result<RangeResponse> {
+        let client = self.executor_factory.default_executor().await?;
+        let mut query_executor = ExecutorImpl::Default(client);
+        self.range_with_query_executor(&mut query_executor, req)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn put(&self, req: PutRequest) -> Result<PutResponse> {
+        let client = self.executor_factory.default_executor().await?;
+        let mut query_executor = ExecutorImpl::Default(client);
+        self.put_with_query_executor(&mut query_executor, req).await
+    }
+
+    async fn batch_put(&self, req: BatchPutRequest) -> Result<BatchPutResponse> {
+        let client = self.executor_factory.default_executor().await?;
+        let mut query_executor = ExecutorImpl::Default(client);
+        self.batch_put_with_query_executor(&mut query_executor, req)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn batch_get(&self, req: BatchGetRequest) -> Result<BatchGetResponse> {
+        let client = self.executor_factory.default_executor().await?;
+        let mut query_executor = ExecutorImpl::Default(client);
+        self.batch_get_with_query_executor(&mut query_executor, req)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_range(&self, req: DeleteRangeRequest) -> Result<DeleteRangeResponse> {
+        let client = self.executor_factory.default_executor().await?;
+        let mut query_executor = ExecutorImpl::Default(client);
+        self.delete_range_with_query_executor(&mut query_executor, req)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn batch_delete(&self, req: BatchDeleteRequest) -> Result<BatchDeleteResponse> {
+        let client = self.executor_factory.default_executor().await?;
+        let mut query_executor = ExecutorImpl::Default(client);
+        self.batch_delete_with_query_executor(&mut query_executor, req)
+            .await
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl<T, S, R> TxnService for RdsStore<T, S, R>
+where
+    Self: KvQueryExecutor<T> + Send + Sync,
+    T: Executor + 'static,
+    S: ExecutorFactory<T> + 'static,
+{
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    async fn txn(&self, txn: KvTxn) -> Result<KvTxnResponse> {
+        let _timer = METRIC_META_TXN_REQUEST
+            .with_label_values(&[T::name(), "txn"])
+            .start_timer();
+
+        let mut backoff = ExponentialBuilder::default()
+            .with_min_delay(Duration::from_millis(10))
+            .with_max_delay(Duration::from_millis(200))
+            .with_max_times(self.txn_retry_count)
+            .build();
+
+        loop {
+            match self.txn_inner(&txn).await {
+                Ok(res) => return Ok(res),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    if e.is_serialization_error() {
+                        let d = backoff.next();
+                        if let Some(d) = d {
+                            tokio::time::sleep(d).await;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        return Err(e);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        RdsTransactionRetryFailedSnafu {}.fail()
+    }
+
+    fn max_txn_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        self.max_txn_ops
+    }
+}
+
+/// Checks if the transaction operations are the same type.
+fn check_txn_ops(txn_ops: &[TxnOp]) -> Result<bool> {
+    if txn_ops.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(false);
+    }
+    let same = txn_ops.windows(2).all(|a| {
+        matches!(
+            (&a[0], &a[1]),
+            (TxnOp::Put(_, _), TxnOp::Put(_, _))
+                | (TxnOp::Get(_), TxnOp::Get(_))
+                | (TxnOp::Delete(_), TxnOp::Delete(_))
+        )
+    });
+    Ok(same)
+}

src/common/meta/src/kv_backend/rds/postgres.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,624 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use common_telemetry::debug;
+use deadpool_postgres::{Config, Pool, Runtime};
+use snafu::ResultExt;
+use tokio_postgres::types::ToSql;
+use tokio_postgres::{IsolationLevel, NoTls, Row};
+
+use crate::error::{
+    CreatePostgresPoolSnafu, GetPostgresConnectionSnafu, PostgresExecutionSnafu,
+    PostgresTransactionSnafu, Result,
+};
+use crate::kv_backend::rds::{
+    Executor, ExecutorFactory, ExecutorImpl, KvQueryExecutor, RdsStore, Transaction,
+    RDS_STORE_TXN_RETRY_COUNT,
+};
+use crate::kv_backend::KvBackendRef;
+use crate::rpc::store::{
+    BatchDeleteRequest, BatchDeleteResponse, BatchGetRequest, BatchGetResponse, BatchPutRequest,
+    BatchPutResponse, DeleteRangeRequest, DeleteRangeResponse, RangeRequest, RangeResponse,
+};
+use crate::rpc::KeyValue;
+
+pub struct PgClient(deadpool::managed::Object<deadpool_postgres::Manager>);
+pub struct PgTxnClient<'a>(deadpool_postgres::Transaction<'a>);
+
+/// Converts a row to a [`KeyValue`].
+fn key_value_from_row(r: Row) -> KeyValue {
+    KeyValue {
+        key: r.get(0),
+        value: r.get(1),
+    }
+}
+
+const EMPTY: &[u8] = &[0];
+
+/// Type of range template.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+enum RangeTemplateType {
+    Point,
+    Range,
+    Full,
+    LeftBounded,
+    Prefix,
+}
+
+/// Builds params for the given range template type.
+impl RangeTemplateType {
+    fn build_params(&self, mut key: Vec<u8>, range_end: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
+        match self {
+            RangeTemplateType::Point => vec![key],
+            RangeTemplateType::Range => vec![key, range_end],
+            RangeTemplateType::Full => vec![],
+            RangeTemplateType::LeftBounded => vec![key],
+            RangeTemplateType::Prefix => {
+                key.push(b'%');
+                vec![key]
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Templates for range request.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct RangeTemplate {
+    point: String,
+    range: String,
+    full: String,
+    left_bounded: String,
+    prefix: String,
+}
+
+impl RangeTemplate {
+    /// Gets the template for the given type.
+    fn get(&self, typ: RangeTemplateType) -> &str {
+        match typ {
+            RangeTemplateType::Point => &self.point,
+            RangeTemplateType::Range => &self.range,
+            RangeTemplateType::Full => &self.full,
+            RangeTemplateType::LeftBounded => &self.left_bounded,
+            RangeTemplateType::Prefix => &self.prefix,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Adds limit to the template.
+    fn with_limit(template: &str, limit: i64) -> String {
+        if limit == 0 {
+            return format!("{};", template);
+        }
+        format!("{} LIMIT {};", template, limit)
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_prefix_range(start: &[u8], end: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    if start.len() != end.len() {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let l = start.len();
+    let same_prefix = start[0..l - 1] == end[0..l - 1];
+    if let (Some(rhs), Some(lhs)) = (start.last(), end.last()) {
+        return same_prefix && (*rhs + 1) == *lhs;
+    }
+    false
+}
+
+/// Determine the template type for range request.
+fn range_template(key: &[u8], range_end: &[u8]) -> RangeTemplateType {
+    match (key, range_end) {
+        (_, &[]) => RangeTemplateType::Point,
+        (EMPTY, EMPTY) => RangeTemplateType::Full,
+        (_, EMPTY) => RangeTemplateType::LeftBounded,
+        (start, end) => {
+            if is_prefix_range(start, end) {
+                RangeTemplateType::Prefix
+            } else {
+                RangeTemplateType::Range
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Generate in placeholders for PostgreSQL.
+fn pg_generate_in_placeholders(from: usize, to: usize) -> Vec<String> {
+    (from..=to).map(|i| format!("${}", i)).collect()
+}
+
+/// Factory for building sql templates.
+struct PgSqlTemplateFactory<'a> {
+    table_name: &'a str,
+}
+
+impl<'a> PgSqlTemplateFactory<'a> {
+    /// Creates a new [`SqlTemplateFactory`] with the given table name.
+    fn new(table_name: &'a str) -> Self {
+        Self { table_name }
+    }
+
+    /// Builds the template set for the given table name.
+    fn build(&self) -> PgSqlTemplateSet {
+        let table_name = self.table_name;
+        PgSqlTemplateSet {
+            table_name: table_name.to_string(),
+            create_table_statement: format!(
+                "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table_name}(k bytea PRIMARY KEY, v bytea)",
+            ),
+            range_template: RangeTemplate {
+                point: format!("SELECT k, v FROM {table_name} WHERE k = $1"),
+                range: format!("SELECT k, v FROM {table_name} WHERE k >= $1 AND k < $2 ORDER BY k"),
+                full: format!("SELECT k, v FROM {table_name} $1 ORDER BY k"),
+                left_bounded: format!("SELECT k, v FROM {table_name} WHERE k >= $1 ORDER BY k"),
+                prefix: format!("SELECT k, v FROM {table_name} WHERE k LIKE $1 ORDER BY k"),
+            },
+            delete_template: RangeTemplate {
+                point: format!("DELETE FROM {table_name} WHERE k = $1 RETURNING k,v;"),
+                range: format!("DELETE FROM {table_name} WHERE k >= $1 AND k < $2 RETURNING k,v;"),
+                full: format!("DELETE FROM {table_name} RETURNING k,v"),
+                left_bounded: format!("DELETE FROM {table_name} WHERE k >= $1 RETURNING k,v;"),
+                prefix: format!("DELETE FROM {table_name} WHERE k LIKE $1 RETURNING k,v;"),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Templates for the given table name.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct PgSqlTemplateSet {
+    table_name: String,
+    create_table_statement: String,
+    range_template: RangeTemplate,
+    delete_template: RangeTemplate,
+}
+
+impl PgSqlTemplateSet {
+    /// Generates the sql for batch get.
+    fn generate_batch_get_query(&self, key_len: usize) -> String {
+        let table_name = &self.table_name;
+        let in_clause = pg_generate_in_placeholders(1, key_len).join(", ");
+        format!("SELECT k, v FROM {table_name} WHERE k in ({});", in_clause)
+    }
+
+    /// Generates the sql for batch delete.
+    fn generate_batch_delete_query(&self, key_len: usize) -> String {
+        let table_name = &self.table_name;
+        let in_clause = pg_generate_in_placeholders(1, key_len).join(", ");
+        format!(
+            "DELETE FROM {table_name} WHERE k in ({}) RETURNING k,v;",
+            in_clause
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Generates the sql for batch upsert.
+    fn generate_batch_upsert_query(&self, kv_len: usize) -> String {
+        let table_name = &self.table_name;
+        let in_placeholders: Vec<String> = (1..=kv_len).map(|i| format!("${}", i)).collect();
+        let in_clause = in_placeholders.join(", ");
+        let mut param_index = kv_len + 1;
+        let mut values_placeholders = Vec::new();
+        for _ in 0..kv_len {
+            values_placeholders.push(format!("(${0}, ${1})", param_index, param_index + 1));
+            param_index += 2;
+        }
+        let values_clause = values_placeholders.join(", ");
+
+        format!(
+            r#"
+    WITH prev AS (
+        SELECT k,v FROM {table_name} WHERE k IN ({in_clause})
+    ), update AS (
+    INSERT INTO {table_name} (k, v) VALUES
+        {values_clause}
+    ON CONFLICT (
+        k
+    ) DO UPDATE SET
+        v = excluded.v
+    )
+
+    SELECT k, v FROM prev;
+    "#
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl Executor for PgClient {
+    type Transaction<'a>
+        = PgTxnClient<'a>
+    where
+        Self: 'a;
+
+    fn name() -> &'static str {
+        "Postgres"
+    }
+
+    async fn query(&mut self, query: &str, params: &[&Vec<u8>]) -> Result<Vec<KeyValue>> {
+        let params: Vec<&(dyn ToSql + Sync)> = params.iter().map(|p| p as _).collect();
+        let stmt = self
+            .0
+            .prepare_cached(query)
+            .await
+            .context(PostgresExecutionSnafu { sql: query })?;
+        let rows = self
+            .0
+            .query(&stmt, &params)
+            .await
+            .context(PostgresExecutionSnafu { sql: query })?;
+        Ok(rows.into_iter().map(key_value_from_row).collect())
+    }
+
+    async fn txn_executor<'a>(&'a mut self) -> Result<Self::Transaction<'a>> {
+        let txn = self
+            .0
+            .build_transaction()
+            .isolation_level(IsolationLevel::Serializable)
+            .start()
+            .await
+            .context(PostgresTransactionSnafu {
+                operation: "begin".to_string(),
+            })?;
+        Ok(PgTxnClient(txn))
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl<'a> Transaction<'a> for PgTxnClient<'a> {
+    async fn query(&mut self, query: &str, params: &[&Vec<u8>]) -> Result<Vec<KeyValue>> {
+        let params: Vec<&(dyn ToSql + Sync)> = params.iter().map(|p| p as _).collect();
+        let stmt = self
+            .0
+            .prepare_cached(query)
+            .await
+            .context(PostgresExecutionSnafu { sql: query })?;
+        let rows = self
+            .0
+            .query(&stmt, &params)
+            .await
+            .context(PostgresExecutionSnafu { sql: query })?;
+        Ok(rows.into_iter().map(key_value_from_row).collect())
+    }
+
+    async fn commit(self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.0.commit().await.context(PostgresTransactionSnafu {
+            operation: "commit",
+        })?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct PgExecutorFactory {
+    pool: Pool,
+}
+
+impl PgExecutorFactory {
+    async fn client(&self) -> Result<PgClient> {
+        match self.pool.get().await {
+            Ok(client) => Ok(PgClient(client)),
+            Err(e) => GetPostgresConnectionSnafu {
+                reason: e.to_string(),
+            }
+            .fail(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl ExecutorFactory<PgClient> for PgExecutorFactory {
+    async fn default_executor(&self) -> Result<PgClient> {
+        self.client().await
+    }
+
+    async fn txn_executor<'a>(
+        &self,
+        default_executor: &'a mut PgClient,
+    ) -> Result<PgTxnClient<'a>> {
+        default_executor.txn_executor().await
+    }
+}
+
+/// A PostgreSQL-backed key-value store for metasrv.
+/// It uses [deadpool_postgres::Pool] as the connection pool for [RdsStore].
+pub type PgStore = RdsStore<PgClient, PgExecutorFactory, PgSqlTemplateSet>;
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl KvQueryExecutor<PgClient> for PgStore {
+    async fn range_with_query_executor(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, PgClient>,
+        req: RangeRequest,
+    ) -> Result<RangeResponse> {
+        let template_type = range_template(&req.key, &req.range_end);
+        let template = self.sql_template_set.range_template.get(template_type);
+        let params = template_type.build_params(req.key, req.range_end);
+        let params_ref = params.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        // Always add 1 to limit to check if there is more data
+        let query =
+            RangeTemplate::with_limit(template, if req.limit == 0 { 0 } else { req.limit + 1 });
+        let limit = req.limit as usize;
+        debug!("query: {:?}, params: {:?}", query, params);
+        let mut kvs = query_executor.query(&query, &params_ref).await?;
+        if req.keys_only {
+            kvs.iter_mut().for_each(|kv| kv.value = vec![]);
+        }
+        // If limit is 0, we always return all data
+        if limit == 0 || kvs.len() <= limit {
+            return Ok(RangeResponse { kvs, more: false });
+        }
+        // If limit is greater than the number of rows, we remove the last row and set more to true
+        let removed = kvs.pop();
+        debug_assert!(removed.is_some());
+        Ok(RangeResponse { kvs, more: true })
+    }
+
+    async fn batch_put_with_query_executor(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, PgClient>,
+        req: BatchPutRequest,
+    ) -> Result<BatchPutResponse> {
+        let mut in_params = Vec::with_capacity(req.kvs.len() * 3);
+        let mut values_params = Vec::with_capacity(req.kvs.len() * 2);
+
+        for kv in &req.kvs {
+            let processed_key = &kv.key;
+            in_params.push(processed_key);
+
+            let processed_value = &kv.value;
+            values_params.push(processed_key);
+            values_params.push(processed_value);
+        }
+        in_params.extend(values_params);
+        let params = in_params.iter().map(|x| x as _).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let query = self
+            .sql_template_set
+            .generate_batch_upsert_query(req.kvs.len());
+        let kvs = query_executor.query(&query, &params).await?;
+        if req.prev_kv {
+            Ok(BatchPutResponse { prev_kvs: kvs })
+        } else {
+            Ok(BatchPutResponse::default())
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Batch get with certain client. It's needed for a client with transaction.
+    async fn batch_get_with_query_executor(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, PgClient>,
+        req: BatchGetRequest,
+    ) -> Result<BatchGetResponse> {
+        if req.keys.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(BatchGetResponse { kvs: vec![] });
+        }
+        let query = self
+            .sql_template_set
+            .generate_batch_get_query(req.keys.len());
+        let params = req.keys.iter().map(|x| x as _).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let kvs = query_executor.query(&query, &params).await?;
+        Ok(BatchGetResponse { kvs })
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_range_with_query_executor(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, PgClient>,
+        req: DeleteRangeRequest,
+    ) -> Result<DeleteRangeResponse> {
+        let template_type = range_template(&req.key, &req.range_end);
+        let template = self.sql_template_set.delete_template.get(template_type);
+        let params = template_type.build_params(req.key, req.range_end);
+        let params_ref = params.iter().map(|x| x as _).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let kvs = query_executor.query(template, &params_ref).await?;
+        let mut resp = DeleteRangeResponse::new(kvs.len() as i64);
+        if req.prev_kv {
+            resp.with_prev_kvs(kvs);
+        }
+        Ok(resp)
+    }
+
+    async fn batch_delete_with_query_executor(
+        &self,
+        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, PgClient>,
+        req: BatchDeleteRequest,
+    ) -> Result<BatchDeleteResponse> {
+        if req.keys.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(BatchDeleteResponse::default());
+        }
+        let query = self
+            .sql_template_set
+            .generate_batch_delete_query(req.keys.len());
+        let params = req.keys.iter().map(|x| x as _).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let kvs = query_executor.query(&query, &params).await?;
+        if req.prev_kv {
+            Ok(BatchDeleteResponse { prev_kvs: kvs })
+        } else {
+            Ok(BatchDeleteResponse::default())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PgStore {
+    /// Create [PgStore] impl of [KvBackendRef] from url.
+    pub async fn with_url(url: &str, table_name: &str, max_txn_ops: usize) -> Result<KvBackendRef> {
+        let mut cfg = Config::new();
+        cfg.url = Some(url.to_string());
+        // TODO(weny, CookiePie): add tls support
+        let pool = cfg
+            .create_pool(Some(Runtime::Tokio1), NoTls)
+            .context(CreatePostgresPoolSnafu)?;
+        Self::with_pg_pool(pool, table_name, max_txn_ops).await
+    }
+
+    /// Create [PgStore] impl of [KvBackendRef] from [deadpool_postgres::Pool].
+    pub async fn with_pg_pool(
+        pool: Pool,
+        table_name: &str,
+        max_txn_ops: usize,
+    ) -> Result<KvBackendRef> {
+        // This step ensures the postgres metadata backend is ready to use.
+        // We check if greptime_metakv table exists, and we will create a new table
+        // if it does not exist.
+        let client = match pool.get().await {
+            Ok(client) => client,
+            Err(e) => {
+                return GetPostgresConnectionSnafu {
+                    reason: e.to_string(),
+                }
+                .fail();
+            }
+        };
+        let template_factory = PgSqlTemplateFactory::new(table_name);
+        let sql_template_set = template_factory.build();
+        client
+            .execute(&sql_template_set.create_table_statement, &[])
+            .await
+            .with_context(|_| PostgresExecutionSnafu {
+                sql: sql_template_set.create_table_statement.to_string(),
+            })?;
+        Ok(Arc::new(Self {
+            max_txn_ops,
+            sql_template_set,
+            txn_retry_count: RDS_STORE_TXN_RETRY_COUNT,
+            executor_factory: PgExecutorFactory { pool },
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        }))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::kv_backend::test::{
+        prepare_kv_with_prefix, test_kv_batch_delete_with_prefix, test_kv_batch_get_with_prefix,
+        test_kv_compare_and_put_with_prefix, test_kv_delete_range_with_prefix,
+        test_kv_put_with_prefix, test_kv_range_2_with_prefix, test_kv_range_with_prefix,
+        test_txn_compare_equal, test_txn_compare_greater, test_txn_compare_less,
+        test_txn_compare_not_equal, test_txn_one_compare_op, text_txn_multi_compare_op,
+        unprepare_kv,
+    };
+
+    async fn build_pg_kv_backend(table_name: &str) -> Option<PgStore> {
+        let endpoints = std::env::var("GT_POSTGRES_ENDPOINTS").unwrap_or_default();
+        if endpoints.is_empty() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let mut cfg = Config::new();
+        cfg.url = Some(endpoints);
+        let pool = cfg
+            .create_pool(Some(Runtime::Tokio1), NoTls)
+            .context(CreatePostgresPoolSnafu)
+            .unwrap();
+        let client = pool.get().await.unwrap();
+        let template_factory = PgSqlTemplateFactory::new(table_name);
+        let sql_templates = template_factory.build();
+        client
+            .execute(&sql_templates.create_table_statement, &[])
+            .await
+            .context(PostgresExecutionSnafu {
+                sql: sql_templates.create_table_statement.to_string(),
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+        Some(PgStore {
+            max_txn_ops: 128,
+            sql_template_set: sql_templates,
+            txn_retry_count: RDS_STORE_TXN_RETRY_COUNT,
+            executor_factory: PgExecutorFactory { pool },
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_pg_put() {
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("put_test").await.unwrap();
+        let prefix = b"put/";
+        prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
+        test_kv_put_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
+        unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_pg_range() {
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("range_test").await.unwrap();
+        let prefix = b"range/";
+        prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
+        test_kv_range_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
+        unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_pg_range_2() {
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("range2_test").await.unwrap();
+        let prefix = b"range2/";
+        test_kv_range_2_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
+        unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_pg_batch_get() {
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("batch_get_test").await.unwrap();
+        let prefix = b"batch_get/";
+        prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
+        test_kv_batch_get_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
+        unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_pg_batch_delete() {
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("batch_delete_test").await.unwrap();
+        let prefix = b"batch_delete/";
+        prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
+        test_kv_delete_range_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
+        unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_pg_batch_delete_with_prefix() {
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("batch_delete_with_prefix_test")
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let prefix = b"batch_delete/";
+        prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
+        test_kv_batch_delete_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
+        unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_pg_delete_range() {
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("delete_range_test").await.unwrap();
+        let prefix = b"delete_range/";
+        prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
+        test_kv_delete_range_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
+        unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_pg_compare_and_put() {
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("compare_and_put_test").await.unwrap();
+        let prefix = b"compare_and_put/";
+        let kv_backend = Arc::new(kv_backend);
+        test_kv_compare_and_put_with_prefix(kv_backend.clone(), prefix.to_vec()).await;
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_pg_txn() {
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("txn_test").await.unwrap();
+        test_txn_one_compare_op(&kv_backend).await;
+        text_txn_multi_compare_op(&kv_backend).await;
+        test_txn_compare_equal(&kv_backend).await;
+        test_txn_compare_greater(&kv_backend).await;
+        test_txn_compare_less(&kv_backend).await;
+        test_txn_compare_not_equal(&kv_backend).await;
+    }
+}

src/common/meta/src/rpc/ddl.rs

@@ -1239,6 +1239,7 @@ impl From<QueryContext> for PbQueryContext {
             timezone,
             extensions,
             channel: channel as u32,
+            snapshot_seqs: None,
         }
     }
 }

src/common/meta/src/wal_options_allocator.rs

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 mod selector;
-mod topic_creator;
+pub(crate) mod topic_creator;
 mod topic_manager;
-mod topic_pool;
+pub(crate) mod topic_pool;
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;

src/common/procedure/src/options.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use common_base::readable_size::ReadableSize;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct ProcedureConfig {
     /// Max retry times of procedure.

src/common/time/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 arrow.workspace = true
 chrono.workspace = true
-chrono-tz = "0.8"
+chrono-tz.workspace = true
 common-error.workspace = true
 common-macro.workspace = true
 humantime.workspace = true

src/datanode/Cargo.toml

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ datafusion-common.workspace = true
 datafusion-expr.workspace = true
 datatypes.workspace = true
 file-engine.workspace = true
-futures = "0.3"
+futures.workspace = true
 futures-util.workspace = true
 humantime-serde.workspace = true
 lazy_static.workspace = true
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ log-store.workspace = true
 meta-client.workspace = true
 metric-engine.workspace = true
 mito2.workspace = true
+num_cpus.workspace = true
 object-store.workspace = true
 prometheus.workspace = true
 prost.workspace = true

src/datanode/src/config.rs

@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ impl Default for DatanodeOptions {
             require_lease_before_startup: false,
             init_regions_in_background: false,
             init_regions_parallelism: 16,
-            grpc: GrpcOptions::default().with_addr("127.0.0.1:3001"),
+            grpc: GrpcOptions::default().with_bind_addr("127.0.0.1:3001"),
             http: HttpOptions::default(),
             meta_client: None,
             wal: DatanodeWalConfig::default(),

src/datanode/src/error.rs

@@ -260,6 +260,14 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: BoxedError,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to handle batch ddl request, ddl_type: {}", ddl_type))]
+    HandleBatchDdlRequest {
+        #[snafu(implicit)]
+        location: Location,
+        source: BoxedError,
+        ddl_type: String,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("RegionId {} not found", region_id))]
     RegionNotFound {
         region_id: RegionId,
@@ -438,7 +446,8 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             UnsupportedOutput { .. } => StatusCode::Unsupported,
             HandleRegionRequest { source, .. }
             | GetRegionMetadata { source, .. }
-            | HandleBatchOpenRequest { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
+            | HandleBatchOpenRequest { source, .. }
+            | HandleBatchDdlRequest { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
             StopRegionEngine { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
 
             FindLogicalRegions { source, .. } => source.status_code(),

src/datanode/src/heartbeat.rs

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl HeartbeatTask {
             node_id: opts.node_id.unwrap_or(0),
             // We use datanode's start time millis as the node's epoch.
             node_epoch: common_time::util::current_time_millis() as u64,
-            peer_addr: addrs::resolve_addr(&opts.grpc.addr, Some(&opts.grpc.hostname)),
+            peer_addr: addrs::resolve_addr(&opts.grpc.bind_addr, Some(&opts.grpc.server_addr)),
             running: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
             meta_client,
             region_server,
@@ -224,6 +224,20 @@ impl HeartbeatTask {
         common_runtime::spawn_hb(async move {
             let sleep = tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(0));
             tokio::pin!(sleep);
+
+            let build_info = common_version::build_info();
+            let heartbeat_request = HeartbeatRequest {
+                peer: self_peer,
+                node_epoch,
+                info: Some(NodeInfo {
+                    version: build_info.version.to_string(),
+                    git_commit: build_info.commit_short.to_string(),
+                    start_time_ms: node_epoch,
+                    cpus: num_cpus::get() as u32,
+                }),
+                ..Default::default()
+            };
+
             loop {
                 if !running.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
                     info!("shutdown heartbeat task");
@@ -235,9 +249,8 @@ impl HeartbeatTask {
                             match outgoing_message_to_mailbox_message(message) {
                                 Ok(message) => {
                                     let req = HeartbeatRequest {
-                                        peer: self_peer.clone(),
                                         mailbox_message: Some(message),
-                                        ..Default::default()
+                                        ..heartbeat_request.clone()
                                     };
                                     HEARTBEAT_RECV_COUNT.with_label_values(&["success"]).inc();
                                     Some(req)
@@ -253,22 +266,13 @@ impl HeartbeatTask {
                         }
                     }
                     _ = &mut sleep => {
-                        let build_info = common_version::build_info();
                         let region_stats = Self::load_region_stats(&region_server_clone);
                         let now = Instant::now();
                         let duration_since_epoch = (now - epoch).as_millis() as u64;
                         let req = HeartbeatRequest {
-                            peer: self_peer.clone(),
                             region_stats,
                             duration_since_epoch,
-                            node_epoch,
-                            info: Some(NodeInfo {
-                                version: build_info.version.to_string(),
-                                git_commit: build_info.commit_short.to_string(),
-                                // The start timestamp is the same as node_epoch currently.
-                                start_time_ms: node_epoch,
-                            }),
-                            ..Default::default()
+                            ..heartbeat_request.clone()
                         };
                         sleep.as_mut().reset(now + Duration::from_millis(interval));
                         Some(req)

src/datanode/src/region_server.rs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ use store_api::region_engine::{
     SettableRegionRoleState,
 };
 use store_api::region_request::{
-    AffectedRows, RegionCloseRequest, RegionOpenRequest, RegionRequest,
+    AffectedRows, BatchRegionDdlRequest, RegionCloseRequest, RegionOpenRequest, RegionRequest,
 };
 use store_api::storage::RegionId;
 use tokio::sync::{Semaphore, SemaphorePermit};
@@ -69,9 +69,10 @@ use tonic::{Request, Response, Result as TonicResult};
 use crate::error::{
     self, BuildRegionRequestsSnafu, ConcurrentQueryLimiterClosedSnafu,
     ConcurrentQueryLimiterTimeoutSnafu, DataFusionSnafu, DecodeLogicalPlanSnafu,
-    ExecuteLogicalPlanSnafu, FindLogicalRegionsSnafu, HandleBatchOpenRequestSnafu,
-    HandleRegionRequestSnafu, NewPlanDecoderSnafu, RegionEngineNotFoundSnafu, RegionNotFoundSnafu,
-    RegionNotReadySnafu, Result, StopRegionEngineSnafu, UnexpectedSnafu, UnsupportedOutputSnafu,
+    ExecuteLogicalPlanSnafu, FindLogicalRegionsSnafu, HandleBatchDdlRequestSnafu,
+    HandleBatchOpenRequestSnafu, HandleRegionRequestSnafu, NewPlanDecoderSnafu,
+    RegionEngineNotFoundSnafu, RegionNotFoundSnafu, RegionNotReadySnafu, Result,
+    StopRegionEngineSnafu, UnexpectedSnafu, UnsupportedOutputSnafu,
 };
 use crate::event_listener::RegionServerEventListenerRef;
 
@@ -158,7 +159,12 @@ impl RegionServer {
         self.inner.handle_request(region_id, request).await
     }
 
-    async fn table_provider(&self, region_id: RegionId) -> Result<Arc<dyn TableProvider>> {
+    /// Returns a table provider for the region. Will set snapshot sequence if available in the context.
+    async fn table_provider(
+        &self,
+        region_id: RegionId,
+        ctx: Option<&session::context::QueryContext>,
+    ) -> Result<Arc<dyn TableProvider>> {
         let status = self
             .inner
             .region_map
@@ -172,7 +178,7 @@ impl RegionServer {
 
         self.inner
             .table_provider_factory
-            .create(region_id, status.into_engine())
+            .create(region_id, status.into_engine(), ctx)
             .await
             .context(ExecuteLogicalPlanSnafu)
     }
@@ -187,9 +193,6 @@ impl RegionServer {
         } else {
             None
         };
-        let region_id = RegionId::from_u64(request.region_id);
-        let provider = self.table_provider(region_id).await?;
-        let catalog_list = Arc::new(DummyCatalogList::with_table_provider(provider));
 
         let query_ctx: QueryContextRef = request
             .header
@@ -197,6 +200,10 @@ impl RegionServer {
             .map(|h| Arc::new(h.into()))
             .unwrap_or_else(|| Arc::new(QueryContextBuilder::default().build()));
 
+        let region_id = RegionId::from_u64(request.region_id);
+        let provider = self.table_provider(region_id, Some(&query_ctx)).await?;
+        let catalog_list = Arc::new(DummyCatalogList::with_table_provider(provider));
+
         let decoder = self
             .inner
             .query_engine
@@ -225,7 +232,10 @@ impl RegionServer {
         } else {
             None
         };
-        let provider = self.table_provider(request.region_id).await?;
+
+        let ctx: Option<session::context::QueryContext> = request.header.as_ref().map(|h| h.into());
+
+        let provider = self.table_provider(request.region_id, ctx.as_ref()).await?;
 
         struct RegionDataSourceInjector {
             source: Arc<dyn TableSource>,
@@ -344,62 +354,47 @@ impl RegionServer {
             .region_map
             .insert(region_id, RegionEngineWithStatus::Ready(engine));
     }
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl RegionServerHandler for RegionServer {
-    async fn handle(&self, request: region_request::Body) -> ServerResult<RegionResponseV1> {
-        let is_parallel = matches!(
-            request,
-            region_request::Body::Inserts(_) | region_request::Body::Deletes(_)
-        );
-        let requests = RegionRequest::try_from_request_body(request)
-            .context(BuildRegionRequestsSnafu)
-            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-            .context(ExecuteGrpcRequestSnafu)?;
 
+    async fn handle_batch_ddl_requests(
+        &self,
+        request: region_request::Body,
+    ) -> Result<RegionResponse> {
+        // Safety: we have already checked the request type in `RegionServer::handle()`.
+        let batch_request = BatchRegionDdlRequest::try_from_request_body(request)
+            .context(BuildRegionRequestsSnafu)?
+            .unwrap();
         let tracing_context = TracingContext::from_current_span();
 
-        let results = if is_parallel {
-            let join_tasks = requests.into_iter().map(|(region_id, req)| {
-                let self_to_move = self.clone();
-                let span = tracing_context.attach(info_span!(
-                    "RegionServer::handle_region_request",
-                    region_id = region_id.to_string()
-                ));
-                async move {
-                    self_to_move
-                        .handle_request(region_id, req)
-                        .trace(span)
-                        .await
-                }
-            });
+        let span = tracing_context.attach(info_span!("RegionServer::handle_batch_ddl_requests"));
+        self.inner
+            .handle_batch_request(batch_request)
+            .trace(span)
+            .await
+    }
 
-            try_join_all(join_tasks)
-                .await
-                .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-                .context(ExecuteGrpcRequestSnafu)?
-        } else {
-            let mut results = Vec::with_capacity(requests.len());
-            // FIXME(jeremy, ruihang): Once the engine supports merged calls, we should immediately
-            // modify this part to avoid inefficient serial loop calls.
-            for (region_id, req) in requests {
-                let span = tracing_context.attach(info_span!(
-                    "RegionServer::handle_region_request",
-                    region_id = region_id.to_string()
-                ));
-                let result = self
+    async fn handle_requests_in_parallel(
+        &self,
+        request: region_request::Body,
+    ) -> Result<RegionResponse> {
+        let requests =
+            RegionRequest::try_from_request_body(request).context(BuildRegionRequestsSnafu)?;
+        let tracing_context = TracingContext::from_current_span();
+
+        let join_tasks = requests.into_iter().map(|(region_id, req)| {
+            let self_to_move = self;
+            let span = tracing_context.attach(info_span!(
+                "RegionServer::handle_region_request",
+                region_id = region_id.to_string()
+            ));
+            async move {
+                self_to_move
                     .handle_request(region_id, req)
                     .trace(span)
                     .await
-                    .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-                    .context(ExecuteGrpcRequestSnafu)?;
-                results.push(result);
             }
-            results
-        };
+        });
 
-        // merge results by sum up affected rows and merge extensions.
+        let results = try_join_all(join_tasks).await?;
         let mut affected_rows = 0;
         let mut extensions = HashMap::new();
         for result in results {
@@ -407,6 +402,57 @@ impl RegionServerHandler for RegionServer {
             extensions.extend(result.extensions);
         }
 
+        Ok(RegionResponse {
+            affected_rows,
+            extensions,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn handle_requests_in_serial(
+        &self,
+        request: region_request::Body,
+    ) -> Result<RegionResponse> {
+        let requests =
+            RegionRequest::try_from_request_body(request).context(BuildRegionRequestsSnafu)?;
+        let tracing_context = TracingContext::from_current_span();
+
+        let mut affected_rows = 0;
+        let mut extensions = HashMap::new();
+        // FIXME(jeremy, ruihang): Once the engine supports merged calls, we should immediately
+        // modify this part to avoid inefficient serial loop calls.
+        for (region_id, req) in requests {
+            let span = tracing_context.attach(info_span!(
+                "RegionServer::handle_region_request",
+                region_id = region_id.to_string()
+            ));
+            let result = self.handle_request(region_id, req).trace(span).await?;
+
+            affected_rows += result.affected_rows;
+            extensions.extend(result.extensions);
+        }
+
+        Ok(RegionResponse {
+            affected_rows,
+            extensions,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl RegionServerHandler for RegionServer {
+    async fn handle(&self, request: region_request::Body) -> ServerResult<RegionResponseV1> {
+        let response = match &request {
+            region_request::Body::Creates(_)
+            | region_request::Body::Drops(_)
+            | region_request::Body::Alters(_) => self.handle_batch_ddl_requests(request).await,
+            region_request::Body::Inserts(_) | region_request::Body::Deletes(_) => {
+                self.handle_requests_in_parallel(request).await
+            }
+            _ => self.handle_requests_in_serial(request).await,
+        }
+        .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+        .context(ExecuteGrpcRequestSnafu)?;
+
         Ok(RegionResponseV1 {
             header: Some(ResponseHeader {
                 status: Some(Status {
@@ -414,8 +460,8 @@ impl RegionServerHandler for RegionServer {
                     ..Default::default()
                 }),
             }),
-            affected_rows: affected_rows as _,
-            extensions,
+            affected_rows: response.affected_rows as _,
+            extensions: response.extensions,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -661,7 +707,7 @@ impl RegionServerInner {
                             }
                         }
                         Err(e) => {
-                            self.unset_region_status(region_id, *region_change);
+                            self.unset_region_status(region_id, &engine, *region_change);
                             error!(e; "Failed to open region: {}", region_id);
                             errors.push(e);
                         }
@@ -670,7 +716,7 @@ impl RegionServerInner {
             }
             Err(e) => {
                 for (&region_id, region_change) in &region_changes {
-                    self.unset_region_status(region_id, *region_change);
+                    self.unset_region_status(region_id, &engine, *region_change);
                 }
                 error!(e; "Failed to open batch regions");
                 errors.push(BoxedError::new(e));
@@ -727,6 +773,71 @@ impl RegionServerInner {
             .collect::<Vec<_>>())
     }
 
+    // Handle requests in batch.
+    //
+    // limitation: all create requests must be in the same engine.
+    pub async fn handle_batch_request(
+        &self,
+        batch_request: BatchRegionDdlRequest,
+    ) -> Result<RegionResponse> {
+        let region_changes = match &batch_request {
+            BatchRegionDdlRequest::Create(requests) => requests
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(region_id, create)| {
+                    let attribute = parse_region_attribute(&create.engine, &create.options)?;
+                    Ok((*region_id, RegionChange::Register(attribute)))
+                })
+                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?,
+            BatchRegionDdlRequest::Drop(requests) => requests
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(region_id, _)| (*region_id, RegionChange::Deregisters))
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            BatchRegionDdlRequest::Alter(requests) => requests
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(region_id, _)| (*region_id, RegionChange::None))
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        };
+
+        // The ddl procedure will ensure all requests are in the same engine.
+        // Therefore, we can get the engine from the first request.
+        let (first_region_id, first_region_change) = region_changes.first().unwrap();
+        let engine = match self.get_engine(*first_region_id, first_region_change)? {
+            CurrentEngine::Engine(engine) => engine,
+            CurrentEngine::EarlyReturn(rows) => return Ok(RegionResponse::new(rows)),
+        };
+
+        for (region_id, region_change) in region_changes.iter() {
+            self.set_region_status_not_ready(*region_id, &engine, region_change);
+        }
+
+        let ddl_type = batch_request.request_type();
+        let result = engine
+            .handle_batch_ddl_requests(batch_request)
+            .await
+            .context(HandleBatchDdlRequestSnafu { ddl_type });
+
+        match result {
+            Ok(result) => {
+                for (region_id, region_change) in region_changes {
+                    self.set_region_status_ready(region_id, engine.clone(), region_change)
+                        .await?;
+                }
+
+                Ok(RegionResponse {
+                    affected_rows: result.affected_rows,
+                    extensions: result.extensions,
+                })
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                for (region_id, region_change) in region_changes {
+                    self.unset_region_status(region_id, &engine, region_change);
+                }
+
+                Err(err)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     pub async fn handle_request(
         &self,
         region_id: RegionId,
@@ -780,7 +891,7 @@ impl RegionServerInner {
             }
             Err(err) => {
                 // Removes the region status if the operation fails.
-                self.unset_region_status(region_id, region_change);
+                self.unset_region_status(region_id, &engine, region_change);
                 Err(err)
             }
         }
@@ -809,12 +920,21 @@ impl RegionServerInner {
         }
     }
 
-    fn unset_region_status(&self, region_id: RegionId, region_change: RegionChange) {
+    fn unset_region_status(
+        &self,
+        region_id: RegionId,
+        engine: &RegionEngineRef,
+        region_change: RegionChange,
+    ) {
         match region_change {
             RegionChange::None => {}
-            RegionChange::Register(_) | RegionChange::Deregisters => {
+            RegionChange::Register(_) => {
                 self.region_map.remove(&region_id);
             }
+            RegionChange::Deregisters => {
+                self.region_map
+                    .insert(region_id, RegionEngineWithStatus::Ready(engine.clone()));
+            }
             RegionChange::Catchup => {}
         }
     }
@@ -1195,7 +1315,7 @@ mod tests {
             .unwrap_err();
 
         let status = mock_region_server.inner.region_map.get(&region_id);
-        assert!(status.is_none());
+        assert!(status.is_some());
     }
 
     struct CurrentEngineTest {

src/datanode/src/service.rs

@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ impl<'a> DatanodeServiceBuilder<'a> {
         let handlers = ServerHandlers::default();
 
         if let Some(grpc_server) = self.grpc_server.take() {
-            let addr: SocketAddr = self.opts.grpc.addr.parse().context(ParseAddrSnafu {
-                addr: &self.opts.grpc.addr,
+            let addr: SocketAddr = self.opts.grpc.bind_addr.parse().context(ParseAddrSnafu {
+                addr: &self.opts.grpc.bind_addr,
             })?;
             let handler: ServerHandler = (Box::new(grpc_server), addr);
             handlers.insert(handler).await;

src/datanode/src/tests.rs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ use store_api::region_engine::{
     SettableRegionRoleState,
 };
 use store_api::region_request::{AffectedRows, RegionRequest};
-use store_api::storage::{RegionId, ScanRequest};
+use store_api::storage::{RegionId, ScanRequest, SequenceNumber};
 use table::TableRef;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, Sender};
 
@@ -218,6 +218,10 @@ impl RegionEngine for MockRegionEngine {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 
+    async fn get_last_seq_num(&self, _: RegionId) -> Result<Option<SequenceNumber>, BoxedError> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
     async fn stop(&self) -> Result<(), BoxedError> {
         Ok(())
     }

src/datatypes/Cargo.toml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jsonb.workspace = true
 num = "0.4"
 num-traits = "0.2"
 ordered-float = { version = "3.0", features = ["serde"] }
-paste = "1.0"
+paste.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
 snafu.workspace = true

src/datatypes/src/schema/column_schema.rs

@@ -183,12 +183,6 @@ impl ColumnSchema {
         self
     }
 
-    // Put a placeholder to invalidate schemas.all(!has_inverted_index_key).
-    pub fn insert_inverted_index_placeholder(&mut self) {
-        self.metadata
-            .insert(INVERTED_INDEX_KEY.to_string(), "".to_string());
-    }
-
     pub fn is_inverted_indexed(&self) -> bool {
         self.metadata
             .get(INVERTED_INDEX_KEY)
@@ -386,6 +380,11 @@ impl ColumnSchema {
         );
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    pub fn unset_skipping_options(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.metadata.remove(SKIPPING_INDEX_KEY);
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 /// Column extended type set in column schema's metadata.

src/datatypes/src/vectors/binary.rs

@@ -77,27 +77,32 @@ impl BinaryVector {
             .unwrap()
             .iter()
         {
-            let v = if let Some(binary) = binary {
-                let bytes_size = dim as usize * std::mem::size_of::<f32>();
-                if let Ok(s) = String::from_utf8(binary.to_vec()) {
-                    let v = parse_string_to_vector_type_value(&s, Some(dim))?;
-                    Some(v)
-                } else if binary.len() == dim as usize * std::mem::size_of::<f32>() {
-                    Some(binary.to_vec())
-                } else {
-                    return InvalidVectorSnafu {
-                        msg: format!(
-                            "Unexpected bytes size for vector value, expected {}, got {}",
-                            bytes_size,
-                            binary.len()
-                        ),
-                    }
-                    .fail();
-                }
-            } else {
-                None
+            let Some(binary) = binary else {
+                vector.push(None);
+                continue;
             };
-            vector.push(v);
+
+            if let Ok(s) = String::from_utf8(binary.to_vec()) {
+                if let Ok(v) = parse_string_to_vector_type_value(&s, Some(dim)) {
+                    vector.push(Some(v));
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            let expected_bytes_size = dim as usize * std::mem::size_of::<f32>();
+            if binary.len() == expected_bytes_size {
+                vector.push(Some(binary.to_vec()));
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                return InvalidVectorSnafu {
+                    msg: format!(
+                        "Unexpected bytes size for vector value, expected {}, got {}",
+                        expected_bytes_size,
+                        binary.len()
+                    ),
+                }
+                .fail();
+            }
         }
         Ok(BinaryVector::from(vector))
     }

src/datatypes/src/vectors/decimal.rs

@@ -387,6 +387,43 @@ impl Decimal128VectorBuilder {
 
 vectors::impl_try_from_arrow_array_for_vector!(Decimal128Array, Decimal128Vector);
 
+pub(crate) fn replicate_decimal128(
+    vector: &Decimal128Vector,
+    offsets: &[usize],
+) -> Decimal128Vector {
+    assert_eq!(offsets.len(), vector.len());
+
+    if offsets.is_empty() {
+        return vector.get_slice(0, 0);
+    }
+
+    // Safety: safe to unwrap because we the vector ensures precision and scale are valid.
+    let mut builder = Decimal128VectorBuilder::with_capacity(*offsets.last().unwrap())
+        .with_precision_and_scale(vector.precision(), vector.scale())
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut previous_offset = 0;
+
+    for (offset, value) in offsets.iter().zip(vector.array.iter()) {
+        let repeat_times = *offset - previous_offset;
+        match value {
+            Some(data) => {
+                unsafe {
+                    // Safety: std::iter::Repeat and std::iter::Take implement TrustedLen.
+                    builder
+                        .mutable_array
+                        .append_trusted_len_iter(std::iter::repeat(data).take(repeat_times));
+                }
+            }
+            None => {
+                builder.mutable_array.append_nulls(repeat_times);
+            }
+        }
+        previous_offset = *offset;
+    }
+    builder.finish()
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub mod tests {
     use arrow_array::Decimal128Array;

src/datatypes/src/vectors/operations.rs

@@ -114,13 +114,30 @@ macro_rules! impl_scalar_vector_op {
     )+};
 }
 
-impl_scalar_vector_op!(
-    BinaryVector,
-    BooleanVector,
-    ListVector,
-    StringVector,
-    Decimal128Vector
-);
+impl_scalar_vector_op!(BinaryVector, BooleanVector, ListVector, StringVector);
+
+impl VectorOp for Decimal128Vector {
+    fn replicate(&self, offsets: &[usize]) -> VectorRef {
+        std::sync::Arc::new(replicate::replicate_decimal128(self, offsets))
+    }
+
+    fn find_unique(&self, selected: &mut BitVec, prev_vector: Option<&dyn Vector>) {
+        let prev_vector = prev_vector.and_then(|pv| pv.as_any().downcast_ref::<Decimal128Vector>());
+        find_unique::find_unique_scalar(self, selected, prev_vector);
+    }
+
+    fn filter(&self, filter: &BooleanVector) -> Result<VectorRef> {
+        filter::filter_non_constant!(self, Decimal128Vector, filter)
+    }
+
+    fn cast(&self, to_type: &ConcreteDataType) -> Result<VectorRef> {
+        cast::cast_non_constant!(self, to_type)
+    }
+
+    fn take(&self, indices: &UInt32Vector) -> Result<VectorRef> {
+        take::take_indices!(self, Decimal128Vector, indices)
+    }
+}
 
 impl<T: LogicalPrimitiveType> VectorOp for PrimitiveVector<T> {
     fn replicate(&self, offsets: &[usize]) -> VectorRef {

src/datatypes/src/vectors/operations/replicate.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use crate::prelude::*;
+pub(crate) use crate::vectors::decimal::replicate_decimal128;
 pub(crate) use crate::vectors::null::replicate_null;
 pub(crate) use crate::vectors::primitive::replicate_primitive;
 
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::vectors::constant::ConstantVector;
-    use crate::vectors::{Int32Vector, NullVector, StringVector, VectorOp};
+    use crate::vectors::{Decimal128Vector, Int32Vector, NullVector, StringVector, VectorOp};
 
     #[test]
     fn test_replicate_primitive() {
@@ -167,4 +168,23 @@ mod tests {
         impl_replicate_timestamp_test!(Microsecond);
         impl_replicate_timestamp_test!(Nanosecond);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_replicate_decimal() {
+        let data = vec![100];
+        // create a decimal vector
+        let v = Decimal128Vector::from_values(data.clone())
+            .with_precision_and_scale(10, 2)
+            .unwrap();
+        let offsets = [5];
+        let v = v.replicate(&offsets);
+        assert_eq!(5, v.len());
+
+        let expect: VectorRef = Arc::new(
+            Decimal128Vector::from_values(vec![100; 5])
+                .with_precision_and_scale(10, 2)
+                .unwrap(),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(expect, v);
+    }
 }

src/file-engine/Cargo.toml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
 api.workspace = true
-async-trait = "0.1"
+async-trait.workspace = true
 common-catalog.workspace = true
 common-datasource.workspace = true
 common-error.workspace = true