chore: remove unused deps

* chore: upgrade DataFusion family

Signed-off-by: luofucong <luofc@foxmail.com>

* use main proto

Signed-off-by: luofucong <luofc@foxmail.com>

* fix ci

Signed-off-by: luofucong <luofc@foxmail.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: luofucong <luofc@foxmail.com>

.github/actions/setup-greptimedb-cluster/action.yml

@@ -70,19 +70,23 @@ runs:
         --wait \
         --wait-for-jobs
   - name: Wait for GreptimeDB
-    shell: bash
-    run: |
-      while true; do
-        PHASE=$(kubectl -n my-greptimedb get gtc my-greptimedb -o jsonpath='{.status.clusterPhase}')
-        if [ "$PHASE" == "Running" ]; then
-          echo "Cluster is ready"
-          break
-        else
-          echo "Cluster is not ready yet: Current phase: $PHASE"
-          kubectl get pods -n my-greptimedb
-          sleep 5 # wait for 5 seconds before check again.
-        fi
-      done
+    uses: nick-fields/retry@v3
+    with:
+      timeout_minutes: 3
+      max_attempts: 1
+      shell: bash
+      command: |
+        while true; do
+          PHASE=$(kubectl -n my-greptimedb get gtc my-greptimedb -o jsonpath='{.status.clusterPhase}')
+          if [ "$PHASE" == "Running" ]; then
+            echo "Cluster is ready"
+            break
+          else
+            echo "Cluster is not ready yet: Current phase: $PHASE"
+            kubectl get pods -n my-greptimedb
+            sleep 5 # wait for 5 seconds before check again.
+          fi
+        done
   - name: Print GreptimeDB info
     if: always()
     shell: bash

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -15,8 +15,11 @@ repos:
     rev: v1.0
     hooks:
     -    id: fmt
+         args: ["--", "--check"]
+         stages: [commit-msg]
     -    id: clippy
          args: ["--workspace", "--all-targets", "--all-features", "--", "-D", "warnings"]
-         stages: [pre-push]
+         stages: [commit-msg]
     -    id: cargo-check
          args: ["--workspace", "--all-targets", "--all-features"]
+         stages: [commit-msg]

Cargo.toml

@@ -100,13 +100,13 @@ rust.unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(tokio_unstable)'] }
 # See for more detaiils: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/11329
 ahash = { version = "0.8", features = ["compile-time-rng"] }
 aquamarine = "0.6"
-arrow = { version = "56.2", features = ["prettyprint"] }
-arrow-array = { version = "56.2", default-features = false, features = ["chrono-tz"] }
-arrow-buffer = "56.2"
-arrow-cast = "56.2"
-arrow-flight = "56.2"
-arrow-ipc = { version = "56.2", default-features = false, features = ["lz4", "zstd"] }
-arrow-schema = { version = "56.2", features = ["serde"] }
+arrow = { version = "57.0", features = ["prettyprint"] }
+arrow-array = { version = "57.0", default-features = false, features = ["chrono-tz"] }
+arrow-buffer = "57.0"
+arrow-cast = "57.0"
+arrow-flight = "57.0"
+arrow-ipc = { version = "57.0", default-features = false, features = ["lz4", "zstd"] }
+arrow-schema = { version = "57.0", features = ["serde"] }
 async-stream = "0.3"
 async-trait = "0.1"
 # Remember to update axum-extra, axum-macros when updating axum
@@ -120,38 +120,39 @@ bitflags = "2.4.1"
 bytemuck = "1.12"
 bytes = { version = "1.7", features = ["serde"] }
 chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
-chrono-tz = { version = "0.10.1", features = ["case-insensitive"] }
+chrono-tz = { version = "0.10", features = ["case-insensitive"] }
 clap = { version = "4.4", features = ["derive"] }
 config = "0.13.0"
 const_format = "0.2"
 crossbeam-utils = "0.8"
 dashmap = "6.1"
-datafusion = "50"
-datafusion-common = "50"
-datafusion-expr = "50"
-datafusion-functions = "50"
-datafusion-functions-aggregate-common = "50"
-datafusion-optimizer = "50"
-datafusion-orc = "0.5"
-datafusion-pg-catalog = "0.12.3"
-datafusion-physical-expr = "50"
-datafusion-physical-plan = "50"
-datafusion-sql = "50"
-datafusion-substrait = "50"
+datafusion = "51.0"
+datafusion-common = "51.0"
+datafusion-datasource = "51.0"
+datafusion-expr = "51.0"
+datafusion-functions = "51.0"
+datafusion-functions-aggregate-common = "51.0"
+datafusion-optimizer = "51.0"
+datafusion-orc = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion-orc.git", rev = "35f2e04bf81f2ab7b6f86c0450d6a77b7098d43e" }
+datafusion-pg-catalog = "0.13"
+datafusion-physical-expr = "51.0"
+datafusion-physical-plan = "51.0"
+datafusion-sql = "51.0"
+datafusion-substrait = "51.0"
 deadpool = "0.12"
 deadpool-postgres = "0.14"
 derive_builder = "0.20"
 derive_more = { version = "2.1", features = ["full"] }
 dotenv = "0.15"
 either = "1.15"
-etcd-client = { version = "0.16.1", features = [
+etcd-client = { version = "0.17", features = [
     "tls",
     "tls-roots",
 ] }
 fst = "0.4.7"
 futures = "0.3"
 futures-util = "0.3"
-greptime-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto.git", rev = "a2e5099d72a1cfa8ba41fa4296101eb5f874074a" }
+greptime-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto.git", rev = "1353b0ada9e17890c7ba0e402ba29b2b57816ff1" }
 hex = "0.4"
 http = "1"
 humantime = "2.1"
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ itertools = "0.14"
 jsonb = { git = "https://github.com/databendlabs/jsonb.git", rev = "8c8d2fc294a39f3ff08909d60f718639cfba3875", default-features = false }
 lazy_static = "1.4"
 local-ip-address = "0.6"
-loki-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/loki-proto.git", rev = "3b7cd33234358b18ece977bf689dc6fb760f29ab" }
+loki-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/loki-proto.git", rev = "f69c8924c4babe516373e26a4118be82d976629c" }
 meter-core = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git", rev = "5618e779cf2bb4755b499c630fba4c35e91898cb" }
 mockall = "0.13"
 moka = "0.12"
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ notify = "8.0"
 num_cpus = "1.16"
 object_store_opendal = "0.54"
 once_cell = "1.18"
-opentelemetry-proto = { version = "0.30", features = [
+opentelemetry-proto = { version = "0.31", features = [
     "gen-tonic",
     "metrics",
     "trace",
@@ -180,18 +181,18 @@ opentelemetry-proto = { version = "0.30", features = [
     "logs",
 ] }
 ordered-float = { version = "4.3", features = ["serde"] }
-otel-arrow-rust = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/otel-arrow", rev = "2d64b7c0fa95642028a8205b36fe9ea0b023ec59", features = [
+otel-arrow-rust = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/otel-arrow", rev = "5da284414e9b14f678344b51e5292229e4b5f8d2", features = [
     "server",
 ] }
 parking_lot = "0.12"
-parquet = { version = "56.2", default-features = false, features = ["arrow", "async", "object_store"] }
+parquet = { version = "57.0", default-features = false, features = ["arrow", "async", "object_store"] }
 paste = "1.0"
 pin-project = "1.0"
 pretty_assertions = "1.4.0"
 prometheus = { version = "0.13.3", features = ["process"] }
-promql-parser = { version = "0.6", features = ["ser"] }
-prost = { version = "0.13", features = ["no-recursion-limit"] }
-prost-types = "0.13"
+promql-parser = { version = "0.7.1", features = ["ser"] }
+prost = { version = "=0.14.1", features = ["no-recursion-limit"] }
+prost-types = "=0.14.1"
 raft-engine = { version = "0.4.1", default-features = false }
 rand = "0.9"
 ratelimit = "0.10"
@@ -203,6 +204,7 @@ reqwest = { version = "0.12", default-features = false, features = [
     "stream",
     "multipart",
 ] }
+url = "2.3"
 # Branch: feat/request-timeout
 rskafka = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/rskafka.git", rev = "f5688f83e7da591cda3f2674c2408b4c0ed4ed50", features = [
     "transport-tls",
@@ -222,7 +224,7 @@ simd-json = "0.15"
 similar-asserts = "1.6.0"
 smallvec = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 snafu = "0.8"
-sqlparser = { version = "0.58.0", default-features = false, features = ["std", "visitor", "serde"] }
+sqlparser = { version = "0.59.0", default-features = false, features = ["std", "visitor", "serde"] }
 sqlx = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["any", "macros", "json", "runtime-tokio-rustls"] }
 strum = { version = "0.27", features = ["derive"] }
 sysinfo = "0.33"
@@ -233,12 +235,12 @@ tokio-rustls = { version = "0.26.2", default-features = false }
 tokio-stream = "0.1"
 tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["io-util", "compat"] }
 toml = "0.8.8"
-tonic = { version = "0.13", features = ["tls-ring", "gzip", "zstd"] }
+tonic = { version = "0.14", features = ["tls-ring", "gzip", "zstd"] }
 tower = "0.5"
 tower-http = "0.6"
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-appender = "0.2"
-tracing-opentelemetry = "0.31.0"
+tracing-opentelemetry = "0.32.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "json", "fmt"] }
 typetag = "0.2"
 uuid = { version = "1.17", features = ["serde", "v4", "fast-rng"] }
@@ -321,19 +323,20 @@ git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git"
 rev = "5618e779cf2bb4755b499c630fba4c35e91898cb"
 
 [patch.crates-io]
-datafusion = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "fd4b2abcf3c3e43e94951bda452c9fd35243aab0" }
-datafusion-common = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "fd4b2abcf3c3e43e94951bda452c9fd35243aab0" }
-datafusion-expr = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "fd4b2abcf3c3e43e94951bda452c9fd35243aab0" }
-datafusion-functions = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "fd4b2abcf3c3e43e94951bda452c9fd35243aab0" }
-datafusion-functions-aggregate-common = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "fd4b2abcf3c3e43e94951bda452c9fd35243aab0" }
-datafusion-optimizer = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "fd4b2abcf3c3e43e94951bda452c9fd35243aab0" }
-datafusion-physical-expr = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "fd4b2abcf3c3e43e94951bda452c9fd35243aab0" }
-datafusion-physical-expr-common = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "fd4b2abcf3c3e43e94951bda452c9fd35243aab0" }
-datafusion-physical-plan = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "fd4b2abcf3c3e43e94951bda452c9fd35243aab0" }
-datafusion-datasource = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "fd4b2abcf3c3e43e94951bda452c9fd35243aab0" }
-datafusion-sql = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "fd4b2abcf3c3e43e94951bda452c9fd35243aab0" }
-datafusion-substrait = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "fd4b2abcf3c3e43e94951bda452c9fd35243aab0" }
-sqlparser = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/sqlparser-rs.git", rev = "a0ce2bc6eb3e804532932f39833c32432f5c9a39" }                           # branch = "v0.58.x"
+datafusion = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7143b2fc4492a7970774583ed0997a459f3e5c05" }
+datafusion-common = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7143b2fc4492a7970774583ed0997a459f3e5c05" }
+datafusion-expr = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7143b2fc4492a7970774583ed0997a459f3e5c05" }
+datafusion-functions = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7143b2fc4492a7970774583ed0997a459f3e5c05" }
+datafusion-functions-aggregate-common = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7143b2fc4492a7970774583ed0997a459f3e5c05" }
+datafusion-optimizer = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7143b2fc4492a7970774583ed0997a459f3e5c05" }
+datafusion-physical-expr = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7143b2fc4492a7970774583ed0997a459f3e5c05" }
+datafusion-physical-expr-common = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7143b2fc4492a7970774583ed0997a459f3e5c05" }
+datafusion-physical-plan = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7143b2fc4492a7970774583ed0997a459f3e5c05" }
+datafusion-pg-catalog = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion-postgres.git", rev = "74ac8e2806be6de91ff192b97f64735392539d16" }
+datafusion-datasource = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7143b2fc4492a7970774583ed0997a459f3e5c05" }
+datafusion-sql = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7143b2fc4492a7970774583ed0997a459f3e5c05" }
+datafusion-substrait = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7143b2fc4492a7970774583ed0997a459f3e5c05" }
+sqlparser = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/sqlparser-rs.git", rev = "d7d95a44889e099e32d78e9bad9bc00598faef28" }                           # on branch v0.59.x
 
 [profile.release]
 debug = 1

grafana/dashboards/metrics/cluster/dashboard.json

@@ -8863,7 +8863,7 @@
         "type": "prometheus",
         "uid": "${metrics}"
       },
-      "description": "Elapsed of Reconciliation steps ",
+      "description": "Elapsed of Reconciliation steps",
       "fieldConfig": {
         "defaults": {
           "color": {
@@ -9366,7 +9366,7 @@
               "editorMode": "code",
               "expr": "greptime_flow_input_buf_size",
               "instant": false,
-              "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}]",
+              "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
             }
@@ -9472,6 +9472,755 @@
       ],
       "title": "Flownode",
       "type": "row"
+    },
+    {
+      "collapsed": true,
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 1,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 187
+      },
+      "id": 357,
+      "panels": [],
+      "title": "Trigger",
+      "type": "row"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "bf9fzta69bhtsa"
+      },
+      "description": "Total number of triggers currently defined.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green"
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 188
+      },
+      "id": 358,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "greptime_trigger_count{}",
+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Trigger Count",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${metrics}"
+      },
+      "description": "Elapsed time for trigger evaluation, including query execution and condition evaluation.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green"
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "s"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 196
+      },
+      "id": 359,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.99, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p99",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.75, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p75",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Trigger Eval Elapsed",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${metrics}"
+      },
+      "description": "Rate of failed trigger evaluations.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green"
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "none"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 12,
+        "y": 196
+      },
+      "id": 360,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_failure_count[$__rate_interval])",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Trigger Eval Failure Rate",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${metrics}"
+      },
+      "description": "Elapsed time to send trigger alerts to notification channels.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green"
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "s"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 204
+      },
+      "id": 361,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.99, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{channel_type}}]-p99",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.75, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{channel_type}}]-p75",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Send Alert Elapsed",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${metrics}"
+      },
+      "description": "Rate of failures when sending trigger alerts.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green"
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "none"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 12,
+        "y": 204
+      },
+      "id": 364,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_failure_count[$__rate_interval])",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Send Alert Failure Rate",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${metrics}"
+      },
+      "description": "Elapsed time to persist trigger alert records.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green"
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "s"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 212
+      },
+      "id": 363,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.99, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{storage_type}}]-p99",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.75, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{storage_type}}]-p75",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Save Alert Elapsed",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${metrics}"
+      },
+      "description": "Rate of failures when persisting trigger alert records.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green"
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "none"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 12,
+        "y": 212
+      },
+      "id": 362,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_failure_count[$__rate_interval])",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Save Alert Failure Rate",
+      "type": "timeseries"
     }
   ],
   "preload": false,
@@ -9613,4 +10362,4 @@
   "title": "GreptimeDB",
   "uid": "dejf3k5e7g2kgb",
   "version": 15
-}
+}

grafana/dashboards/metrics/cluster/dashboard.md

@@ -111,12 +111,34 @@
 | Rate of meta KV Ops | `rate(greptime_meta_kv_request_elapsed_count[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Gauge of load information of each datanode, collected via heartbeat between datanode and metasrv. This information is for metasrv to schedule workloads. | `prometheus` | `none` | `{{pod}}-{{op}} p99` |
 | DDL Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_tables_bucket))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_table))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_view))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_flow))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_drop_table))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_alter_table))` | `timeseries` | Gauge of load information of each datanode, collected via heartbeat between datanode and metasrv. This information is for metasrv to schedule workloads. | `prometheus` | `s` | `CreateLogicalTables-{{step}} p90` |
 | Reconciliation stats | `greptime_meta_reconciliation_stats` | `timeseries` | Reconciliation stats | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{pod}}-{{table_type}}-{{type}}` |
-| Reconciliation steps | `histogram_quantile(0.9, greptime_meta_reconciliation_procedure_bucket)` | `timeseries` | Elapsed of Reconciliation steps  | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{procedure_name}}-{{step}}-P90` |
+| Reconciliation steps | `histogram_quantile(0.9, greptime_meta_reconciliation_procedure_bucket)` | `timeseries` | Elapsed of Reconciliation steps | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{procedure_name}}-{{step}}-P90` |
 # Flownode
 | Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | Flow Ingest / Output Rate | `sum by(instance, pod, direction) (rate(greptime_flow_processed_rows[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Flow Ingest / Output Rate. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{pod}}]-[{{instance}}]-[{{direction}}]` |
 | Flow Ingest Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(greptime_flow_insert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le, instance, pod))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(greptime_flow_insert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le, instance, pod))` | `timeseries` | Flow Ingest Latency. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p95` |
 | Flow Operation Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(greptime_flow_processing_time_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le,instance,pod,type))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(greptime_flow_processing_time_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le,instance,pod,type))` | `timeseries` | Flow Operation Latency. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{type}}]-p95` |
-| Flow Buffer Size per Instance | `greptime_flow_input_buf_size` | `timeseries` | Flow Buffer Size per Instance. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}]` |
+| Flow Buffer Size per Instance | `greptime_flow_input_buf_size` | `timeseries` | Flow Buffer Size per Instance. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
 | Flow Processing Error per Instance | `sum by(instance,pod,code) (rate(greptime_flow_errors[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Flow Processing Error per Instance. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{code}}]` |
+# Trigger
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Trigger Count | `greptime_trigger_count{}` | `timeseries` | Total number of triggers currently defined. | `prometheus` | -- | `__auto` |
+| Trigger Eval Elapsed | `histogram_quantile(0.99, 
+  rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])
+)`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.75, 
+  rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])
+)` | `timeseries` | Elapsed time for trigger evaluation, including query execution and condition evaluation. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p99` |
+| Trigger Eval Failure Rate | `rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_failure_count[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Rate of failed trigger evaluations. | `prometheus` | `none` | `__auto` |
+| Send Alert Elapsed | `histogram_quantile(0.99, 
+  rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])
+)`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.75, 
+  rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])
+)` | `timeseries` | Elapsed time to send trigger alerts to notification channels. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{channel_type}}]-p99` |
+| Send Alert Failure Rate | `rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_failure_count[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Rate of failures when sending trigger alerts. | `prometheus` | `none` | `__auto` |
+| Save Alert Elapsed | `histogram_quantile(0.99, 
+  rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])
+)`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.75, 
+  rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])
+)` | `timeseries` | Elapsed time to persist trigger alert records. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{storage_type}}]-p99` |
+| Save Alert Failure Rate | `rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_failure_count[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Rate of failures when persisting trigger alert records. | `prometheus` | `none` | `__auto` |

grafana/dashboards/metrics/cluster/dashboard.yaml

@@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ groups:
               legendFormat: '{{pod}}-{{table_type}}-{{type}}'
         - title: Reconciliation steps
           type: timeseries
-          description: 'Elapsed of Reconciliation steps '
+          description: Elapsed of Reconciliation steps
           unit: s
           queries:
             - expr: histogram_quantile(0.9, greptime_meta_reconciliation_procedure_bucket)
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ groups:
               datasource:
                 type: prometheus
                 uid: ${metrics}
-              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}]'
+              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]'
         - title: Flow Processing Error per Instance
           type: timeseries
           description: Flow Processing Error per Instance.
@@ -1067,3 +1067,89 @@ groups:
                 type: prometheus
                 uid: ${metrics}
               legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{code}}]'
+    - title: Trigger
+      panels:
+        - title: Trigger Count
+          type: timeseries
+          description: Total number of triggers currently defined.
+          queries:
+            - expr: greptime_trigger_count{}
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: __auto
+        - title: Trigger Eval Elapsed
+          type: timeseries
+          description: Elapsed time for trigger evaluation, including query execution and condition evaluation.
+          unit: s
+          queries:
+            - expr: "histogram_quantile(0.99, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)"
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p99'
+            - expr: "histogram_quantile(0.75, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)"
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p75'
+        - title: Trigger Eval Failure Rate
+          type: timeseries
+          description: Rate of failed trigger evaluations.
+          unit: none
+          queries:
+            - expr: rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_failure_count[$__rate_interval])
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: __auto
+        - title: Send Alert Elapsed
+          type: timeseries
+          description: Elapsed time to send trigger alerts to notification channels.
+          unit: s
+          queries:
+            - expr: "histogram_quantile(0.99, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)"
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{channel_type}}]-p99'
+            - expr: "histogram_quantile(0.75, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)"
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{channel_type}}]-p75'
+        - title: Send Alert Failure Rate
+          type: timeseries
+          description: Rate of failures when sending trigger alerts.
+          unit: none
+          queries:
+            - expr: rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_failure_count[$__rate_interval])
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: __auto
+        - title: Save Alert Elapsed
+          type: timeseries
+          description: Elapsed time to persist trigger alert records.
+          unit: s
+          queries:
+            - expr: "histogram_quantile(0.99, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)"
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{storage_type}}]-p99'
+            - expr: "histogram_quantile(0.75, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)"
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{storage_type}}]-p75'
+        - title: Save Alert Failure Rate
+          type: timeseries
+          description: Rate of failures when persisting trigger alert records.
+          unit: none
+          queries:
+            - expr: rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_failure_count[$__rate_interval])
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: __auto

grafana/dashboards/metrics/standalone/dashboard.json

@@ -8863,7 +8863,7 @@
         "type": "prometheus",
         "uid": "${metrics}"
       },
-      "description": "Elapsed of Reconciliation steps ",
+      "description": "Elapsed of Reconciliation steps",
       "fieldConfig": {
         "defaults": {
           "color": {
@@ -9366,7 +9366,7 @@
               "editorMode": "code",
               "expr": "greptime_flow_input_buf_size",
               "instant": false,
-              "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}]",
+              "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
             }
@@ -9472,6 +9472,755 @@
       ],
       "title": "Flownode",
       "type": "row"
+    },
+    {
+      "collapsed": true,
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 1,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 187
+      },
+      "id": 357,
+      "panels": [],
+      "title": "Trigger",
+      "type": "row"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "bf9fzta69bhtsa"
+      },
+      "description": "Total number of triggers currently defined.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green"
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 188
+      },
+      "id": 358,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "greptime_trigger_count{}",
+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Trigger Count",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${metrics}"
+      },
+      "description": "Elapsed time for trigger evaluation, including query execution and condition evaluation.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green"
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "s"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 196
+      },
+      "id": 359,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.99, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p99",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.75, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p75",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Trigger Eval Elapsed",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${metrics}"
+      },
+      "description": "Rate of failed trigger evaluations.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green"
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "none"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 12,
+        "y": 196
+      },
+      "id": 360,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_failure_count[$__rate_interval])",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Trigger Eval Failure Rate",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${metrics}"
+      },
+      "description": "Elapsed time to send trigger alerts to notification channels.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green"
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "s"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 204
+      },
+      "id": 361,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.99, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{channel_type}}]-p99",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.75, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{channel_type}}]-p75",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Send Alert Elapsed",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${metrics}"
+      },
+      "description": "Rate of failures when sending trigger alerts.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green"
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "none"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 12,
+        "y": 204
+      },
+      "id": 364,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_failure_count[$__rate_interval])",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Send Alert Failure Rate",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${metrics}"
+      },
+      "description": "Elapsed time to persist trigger alert records.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green"
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "s"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 212
+      },
+      "id": 363,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.99, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{storage_type}}]-p99",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.75, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{storage_type}}]-p75",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Save Alert Elapsed",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${metrics}"
+      },
+      "description": "Rate of failures when persisting trigger alert records.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green"
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "none"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 12,
+        "y": 212
+      },
+      "id": 362,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${metrics}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_failure_count[$__rate_interval])",
+          "hide": false,
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Save Alert Failure Rate",
+      "type": "timeseries"
     }
   ],
   "preload": false,
@@ -9613,4 +10362,4 @@
   "title": "GreptimeDB",
   "uid": "dejf3k5e7g2kgb",
   "version": 15
-}
+}

grafana/dashboards/metrics/standalone/dashboard.md

@@ -111,12 +111,34 @@
 | Rate of meta KV Ops | `rate(greptime_meta_kv_request_elapsed_count[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Gauge of load information of each datanode, collected via heartbeat between datanode and metasrv. This information is for metasrv to schedule workloads. | `prometheus` | `none` | `{{pod}}-{{op}} p99` |
 | DDL Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_tables_bucket))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_table))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_view))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_flow))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_drop_table))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_alter_table))` | `timeseries` | Gauge of load information of each datanode, collected via heartbeat between datanode and metasrv. This information is for metasrv to schedule workloads. | `prometheus` | `s` | `CreateLogicalTables-{{step}} p90` |
 | Reconciliation stats | `greptime_meta_reconciliation_stats` | `timeseries` | Reconciliation stats | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{pod}}-{{table_type}}-{{type}}` |
-| Reconciliation steps | `histogram_quantile(0.9, greptime_meta_reconciliation_procedure_bucket)` | `timeseries` | Elapsed of Reconciliation steps  | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{procedure_name}}-{{step}}-P90` |
+| Reconciliation steps | `histogram_quantile(0.9, greptime_meta_reconciliation_procedure_bucket)` | `timeseries` | Elapsed of Reconciliation steps | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{procedure_name}}-{{step}}-P90` |
 # Flownode
 | Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | Flow Ingest / Output Rate | `sum by(instance, pod, direction) (rate(greptime_flow_processed_rows[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Flow Ingest / Output Rate. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{pod}}]-[{{instance}}]-[{{direction}}]` |
 | Flow Ingest Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(greptime_flow_insert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le, instance, pod))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(greptime_flow_insert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le, instance, pod))` | `timeseries` | Flow Ingest Latency. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p95` |
 | Flow Operation Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(greptime_flow_processing_time_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le,instance,pod,type))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(greptime_flow_processing_time_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le,instance,pod,type))` | `timeseries` | Flow Operation Latency. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{type}}]-p95` |
-| Flow Buffer Size per Instance | `greptime_flow_input_buf_size` | `timeseries` | Flow Buffer Size per Instance. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}]` |
+| Flow Buffer Size per Instance | `greptime_flow_input_buf_size` | `timeseries` | Flow Buffer Size per Instance. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
 | Flow Processing Error per Instance | `sum by(instance,pod,code) (rate(greptime_flow_errors[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Flow Processing Error per Instance. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{code}}]` |
+# Trigger
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Trigger Count | `greptime_trigger_count{}` | `timeseries` | Total number of triggers currently defined. | `prometheus` | -- | `__auto` |
+| Trigger Eval Elapsed | `histogram_quantile(0.99, 
+  rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])
+)`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.75, 
+  rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])
+)` | `timeseries` | Elapsed time for trigger evaluation, including query execution and condition evaluation. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p99` |
+| Trigger Eval Failure Rate | `rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_failure_count[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Rate of failed trigger evaluations. | `prometheus` | `none` | `__auto` |
+| Send Alert Elapsed | `histogram_quantile(0.99, 
+  rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])
+)`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.75, 
+  rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])
+)` | `timeseries` | Elapsed time to send trigger alerts to notification channels. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{channel_type}}]-p99` |
+| Send Alert Failure Rate | `rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_failure_count[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Rate of failures when sending trigger alerts. | `prometheus` | `none` | `__auto` |
+| Save Alert Elapsed | `histogram_quantile(0.99, 
+  rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])
+)`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.75, 
+  rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])
+)` | `timeseries` | Elapsed time to persist trigger alert records. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{storage_type}}]-p99` |
+| Save Alert Failure Rate | `rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_failure_count[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Rate of failures when persisting trigger alert records. | `prometheus` | `none` | `__auto` |

grafana/dashboards/metrics/standalone/dashboard.yaml

@@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ groups:
               legendFormat: '{{pod}}-{{table_type}}-{{type}}'
         - title: Reconciliation steps
           type: timeseries
-          description: 'Elapsed of Reconciliation steps '
+          description: Elapsed of Reconciliation steps
           unit: s
           queries:
             - expr: histogram_quantile(0.9, greptime_meta_reconciliation_procedure_bucket)
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ groups:
               datasource:
                 type: prometheus
                 uid: ${metrics}
-              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}]'
+              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]'
         - title: Flow Processing Error per Instance
           type: timeseries
           description: Flow Processing Error per Instance.
@@ -1067,3 +1067,89 @@ groups:
                 type: prometheus
                 uid: ${metrics}
               legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{code}}]'
+    - title: Trigger
+      panels:
+        - title: Trigger Count
+          type: timeseries
+          description: Total number of triggers currently defined.
+          queries:
+            - expr: greptime_trigger_count{}
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: __auto
+        - title: Trigger Eval Elapsed
+          type: timeseries
+          description: Elapsed time for trigger evaluation, including query execution and condition evaluation.
+          unit: s
+          queries:
+            - expr: "histogram_quantile(0.99, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)"
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p99'
+            - expr: "histogram_quantile(0.75, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)"
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p75'
+        - title: Trigger Eval Failure Rate
+          type: timeseries
+          description: Rate of failed trigger evaluations.
+          unit: none
+          queries:
+            - expr: rate(greptime_trigger_evaluate_failure_count[$__rate_interval])
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: __auto
+        - title: Send Alert Elapsed
+          type: timeseries
+          description: Elapsed time to send trigger alerts to notification channels.
+          unit: s
+          queries:
+            - expr: "histogram_quantile(0.99, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)"
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{channel_type}}]-p99'
+            - expr: "histogram_quantile(0.75, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)"
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{channel_type}}]-p75'
+        - title: Send Alert Failure Rate
+          type: timeseries
+          description: Rate of failures when sending trigger alerts.
+          unit: none
+          queries:
+            - expr: rate(greptime_trigger_send_alert_failure_count[$__rate_interval])
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: __auto
+        - title: Save Alert Elapsed
+          type: timeseries
+          description: Elapsed time to persist trigger alert records.
+          unit: s
+          queries:
+            - expr: "histogram_quantile(0.99, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)"
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{storage_type}}]-p99'
+            - expr: "histogram_quantile(0.75, \n  rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])\n)"
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: '[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{storage_type}}]-p75'
+        - title: Save Alert Failure Rate
+          type: timeseries
+          description: Rate of failures when persisting trigger alert records.
+          unit: none
+          queries:
+            - expr: rate(greptime_trigger_save_alert_record_failure_count[$__rate_interval])
+              datasource:
+                type: prometheus
+                uid: ${metrics}
+              legendFormat: __auto

src/api/src/helper.rs

@@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ pub fn is_column_type_value_eq(
         .unwrap_or(false)
 }
 
-fn encode_json_value(value: JsonValue) -> v1::JsonValue {
+pub fn encode_json_value(value: JsonValue) -> v1::JsonValue {
     fn helper(json: JsonVariant) -> v1::JsonValue {
         let value = match json {
             JsonVariant::Null => None,

src/api/src/v1/column_def.rs

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use arrow_schema::extension::{EXTENSION_TYPE_METADATA_KEY, EXTENSION_TYPE_NAME_KEY};
 use datatypes::schema::{
     COMMENT_KEY, ColumnDefaultConstraint, ColumnSchema, FULLTEXT_KEY, FulltextAnalyzer,
-    FulltextBackend, FulltextOptions, INVERTED_INDEX_KEY, SKIPPING_INDEX_KEY, SkippingIndexOptions,
-    SkippingIndexType,
+    FulltextBackend, FulltextOptions, INVERTED_INDEX_KEY, Metadata, SKIPPING_INDEX_KEY,
+    SkippingIndexOptions, SkippingIndexType,
 };
 use greptime_proto::v1::{
     Analyzer, FulltextBackend as PbFulltextBackend, SkippingIndexType as PbSkippingIndexType,
@@ -36,6 +36,14 @@ const INVERTED_INDEX_GRPC_KEY: &str = "inverted_index";
 /// Key used to store skip index options in gRPC column options.
 const SKIPPING_INDEX_GRPC_KEY: &str = "skipping_index";
 
+const COLUMN_OPTION_MAPPINGS: [(&str, &str); 5] = [
+    (FULLTEXT_GRPC_KEY, FULLTEXT_KEY),
+    (INVERTED_INDEX_GRPC_KEY, INVERTED_INDEX_KEY),
+    (SKIPPING_INDEX_GRPC_KEY, SKIPPING_INDEX_KEY),
+    (EXTENSION_TYPE_NAME_KEY, EXTENSION_TYPE_NAME_KEY),
+    (EXTENSION_TYPE_METADATA_KEY, EXTENSION_TYPE_METADATA_KEY),
+];
+
 /// Tries to construct a `ColumnSchema` from the given  `ColumnDef`.
 pub fn try_as_column_schema(column_def: &ColumnDef) -> Result<ColumnSchema> {
     let data_type = ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
@@ -131,6 +139,21 @@ pub fn try_as_column_def(column_schema: &ColumnSchema, is_primary_key: bool) ->
     })
 }
 
+/// Collect the [ColumnOptions] into the [Metadata] that can be used in, for example, [ColumnSchema].
+pub fn collect_column_options(column_options: Option<&ColumnOptions>) -> Metadata {
+    let Some(ColumnOptions { options }) = column_options else {
+        return Metadata::default();
+    };
+
+    let mut metadata = Metadata::with_capacity(options.len());
+    for (x, y) in COLUMN_OPTION_MAPPINGS {
+        if let Some(v) = options.get(x) {
+            metadata.insert(y.to_string(), v.clone());
+        }
+    }
+    metadata
+}
+
 /// Constructs a `ColumnOptions` from the given `ColumnSchema`.
 pub fn options_from_column_schema(column_schema: &ColumnSchema) -> Option<ColumnOptions> {
     let mut options = ColumnOptions::default();

src/catalog/src/lib.rs

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ use crate::error::Result;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod information_extension;
 pub mod kvbackend;
+#[cfg(any(test, feature = "testing"))]
 pub mod memory;
 mod metrics;
 pub mod system_schema;

src/catalog/src/metrics.rs

@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-pub(crate) const METRIC_DB_LABEL: &str = "db";
-
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use prometheus::*;
 
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ lazy_static! {
     pub static ref METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_TABLE_COUNT: IntGaugeVec = register_int_gauge_vec!(
         "greptime_catalog_table_count",
         "catalog table count",
-        &[METRIC_DB_LABEL]
+        &["db"]
     )
     .unwrap();
     pub static ref METRIC_CATALOG_KV_REMOTE_GET: Histogram =

src/catalog/src/system_schema.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
 use common_recordbatch::{RecordBatchStreamWrapper, SendableRecordBatchStream};
+use common_telemetry::tracing::Span;
 use datatypes::schema::SchemaRef;
 use futures_util::StreamExt;
 use snafu::ResultExt;
@@ -163,6 +164,7 @@ impl DataSource for SystemTableDataSource {
             stream: Box::pin(stream),
             output_ordering: None,
             metrics: Default::default(),
+            span: Span::current(),
         };
 
         Ok(Box::pin(stream))

src/catalog/src/system_schema/information_schema/columns.rs

@@ -399,8 +399,8 @@ impl InformationSchemaColumnsBuilder {
             self.is_nullables.push(Some("No"));
         }
         self.column_types.push(Some(&data_type));
-        self.column_comments
-            .push(column_schema.column_comment().map(|x| x.as_ref()));
+        let column_comment = column_schema.column_comment().map(|x| x.as_ref());
+        self.column_comments.push(column_comment);
     }
 
     fn finish(&mut self) -> Result<RecordBatch> {

src/catalog/src/system_schema/information_schema/tables.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use core::pin::pin;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 
 use arrow_schema::SchemaRef as ArrowSchemaRef;
@@ -31,15 +32,17 @@ use datatypes::value::Value;
 use datatypes::vectors::{
     StringVectorBuilder, TimestampSecondVectorBuilder, UInt32VectorBuilder, UInt64VectorBuilder,
 };
-use futures::TryStreamExt;
+use futures::StreamExt;
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
-use store_api::storage::{RegionId, ScanRequest, TableId};
+use store_api::storage::{ScanRequest, TableId};
 use table::metadata::{TableInfo, TableType};
 
 use crate::CatalogManager;
 use crate::error::{
-    CreateRecordBatchSnafu, InternalSnafu, Result, UpgradeWeakCatalogManagerRefSnafu,
+    CreateRecordBatchSnafu, FindRegionRoutesSnafu, InternalSnafu, Result,
+    UpgradeWeakCatalogManagerRefSnafu,
 };
+use crate::kvbackend::KvBackendCatalogManager;
 use crate::system_schema::information_schema::{InformationTable, Predicates, TABLES};
 use crate::system_schema::utils;
 
@@ -247,6 +250,10 @@ impl InformationSchemaTablesBuilder {
             .catalog_manager
             .upgrade()
             .context(UpgradeWeakCatalogManagerRefSnafu)?;
+        let partition_manager = catalog_manager
+            .as_any()
+            .downcast_ref::<KvBackendCatalogManager>()
+            .map(|catalog_manager| catalog_manager.partition_manager());
         let predicates = Predicates::from_scan_request(&request);
 
         let information_extension = utils::information_extension(&self.catalog_manager)?;
@@ -267,37 +274,59 @@ impl InformationSchemaTablesBuilder {
         };
 
         for schema_name in catalog_manager.schema_names(&catalog_name, None).await? {
-            let mut stream = catalog_manager.tables(&catalog_name, &schema_name, None);
+            let table_stream = catalog_manager.tables(&catalog_name, &schema_name, None);
 
-            while let Some(table) = stream.try_next().await? {
-                let table_info = table.table_info();
+            const BATCH_SIZE: usize = 128;
+            // Split tables into chunks
+            let mut table_chunks = pin!(table_stream.ready_chunks(BATCH_SIZE));
 
-                // TODO(dennis): make it working for metric engine
-                let table_region_stats =
-                    if table_info.meta.engine == MITO_ENGINE || table_info.is_physical_table() {
-                        table_info
-                            .meta
-                            .region_numbers
-                            .iter()
-                            .map(|n| RegionId::new(table_info.ident.table_id, *n))
-                            .flat_map(|region_id| {
-                                region_stats
-                                    .binary_search_by_key(&region_id, |x| x.id)
-                                    .map(|i| &region_stats[i])
-                            })
-                            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                    } else {
-                        vec![]
-                    };
+            while let Some(tables) = table_chunks.next().await {
+                let tables = tables.into_iter().collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+                let mito_or_physical_table_ids = tables
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter(|table| {
+                        table.table_info().meta.engine == MITO_ENGINE
+                            || table.table_info().is_physical_table()
+                    })
+                    .map(|table| table.table_info().ident.table_id)
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
-                self.add_table(
-                    &predicates,
-                    &catalog_name,
-                    &schema_name,
-                    table_info,
-                    table.table_type(),
-                    &table_region_stats,
-                );
+                let table_routes = if let Some(partition_manager) = &partition_manager {
+                    partition_manager
+                        .batch_find_region_routes(&mito_or_physical_table_ids)
+                        .await
+                        .context(FindRegionRoutesSnafu)?
+                } else {
+                    mito_or_physical_table_ids
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|id| (id, vec![]))
+                        .collect()
+                };
+
+                for table in tables {
+                    let table_region_stats =
+                        match table_routes.get(&table.table_info().ident.table_id) {
+                            Some(routes) => routes
+                                .iter()
+                                .flat_map(|route| {
+                                    let region_id = route.region.id;
+                                    region_stats
+                                        .binary_search_by_key(&region_id, |x| x.id)
+                                        .map(|i| &region_stats[i])
+                                })
+                                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+                            None => vec![],
+                        };
+
+                    self.add_table(
+                        &predicates,
+                        &catalog_name,
+                        &schema_name,
+                        table.table_info(),
+                        table.table_type(),
+                        &table_region_stats,
+                    );
+                }
             }
         }
 

src/catalog/src/table_source.rs

@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ mod tests {
         .build();
 
         let table_metadata_manager = TableMetadataManager::new(backend);
-        let mut view_info = common_meta::key::test_utils::new_test_table_info(1024, vec![]);
+        let mut view_info = common_meta::key::test_utils::new_test_table_info(1024);
         view_info.table_type = TableType::View;
         let logical_plan = vec![1, 2, 3];
         // Create view metadata

src/cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ futures.workspace = true
 humantime.workspace = true
 meta-client.workspace = true
 meta-srv.workspace = true
-nu-ansi-term = "0.46"
 object-store.workspace = true
 operator.workspace = true
 paste.workspace = true
@@ -60,6 +59,7 @@ serde_json.workspace = true
 servers.workspace = true
 session.workspace = true
 snafu.workspace = true
+standalone.workspace = true
 store-api.workspace = true
 table.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true

src/cli/src/bench.rs

@@ -162,7 +162,6 @@ fn create_table_info(table_id: TableId, table_name: TableName) -> RawTableInfo {
         next_column_id: columns as u32 + 1,
         value_indices: vec![],
         options: Default::default(),
-        region_numbers: (1..=100).collect(),
         partition_key_indices: vec![],
         column_ids: vec![],
     };

src/cli/src/common/object_store.rs

@@ -267,8 +267,6 @@ impl PrefixedS3Connection {
             name: "S3",
             required: [
                 (&self.s3_bucket, "bucket"),
-                (&self.s3_access_key_id, "access key ID"),
-                (&self.s3_secret_access_key, "secret access key"),
                 (&self.s3_region, "region"),
             ]
         )

src/cli/src/common/store.rs

@@ -14,16 +14,38 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use clap::Parser;
+use clap::{Parser, ValueEnum};
 use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
 use common_meta::kv_backend::KvBackendRef;
 use common_meta::kv_backend::chroot::ChrootKvBackend;
 use common_meta::kv_backend::etcd::EtcdStore;
-use meta_srv::metasrv::{BackendClientOptions, BackendImpl};
+use meta_srv::metasrv::BackendClientOptions;
 use meta_srv::utils::etcd::create_etcd_client_with_tls;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use servers::tls::{TlsMode, TlsOption};
+use snafu::OptionExt;
 
-use crate::error::EmptyStoreAddrsSnafu;
+use crate::error::{EmptyStoreAddrsSnafu, InvalidArgumentsSnafu};
+
+// The datastores that implements metadata kvbackend.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Default, Deserialize, ValueEnum)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+#[allow(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
+pub enum BackendImpl {
+    // Etcd as metadata storage.
+    #[default]
+    EtcdStore,
+    // In memory metadata storage - mostly used for testing.
+    MemoryStore,
+    #[cfg(feature = "pg_kvbackend")]
+    // Postgres as metadata storage.
+    PostgresStore,
+    #[cfg(feature = "mysql_kvbackend")]
+    // MySql as metadata storage.
+    MysqlStore,
+    // RaftEngine as metadata storage.
+    RaftEngineStore,
+}
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Parser)]
 pub struct StoreConfig {
@@ -92,7 +114,7 @@ impl StoreConfig {
     pub fn tls_config(&self) -> Option<TlsOption> {
         if self.backend_tls_mode != TlsMode::Disable {
             Some(TlsOption {
-                mode: self.backend_tls_mode.clone(),
+                mode: self.backend_tls_mode,
                 cert_path: self.backend_tls_cert_path.clone(),
                 key_path: self.backend_tls_key_path.clone(),
                 ca_cert_path: self.backend_tls_ca_cert_path.clone(),
@@ -179,6 +201,18 @@ impl StoreConfig {
 
                     Ok(Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default()) as _)
                 }
+                BackendImpl::RaftEngineStore => {
+                    let url = store_addrs
+                        .first()
+                        .context(InvalidArgumentsSnafu {
+                            msg: "empty store addresses".to_string(),
+                        })
+                        .map_err(BoxedError::new)?;
+                    let kvbackend =
+                        standalone::build_metadata_kv_from_url(url).map_err(BoxedError::new)?;
+
+                    Ok(kvbackend)
+                }
             };
             if self.store_key_prefix.is_empty() {
                 kvbackend

src/cli/src/data/export.rs

@@ -900,67 +900,6 @@ mod tests {
 
     // ==================== Gap 2: Empty string vs missing tests ====================
 
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_export_command_build_with_s3_empty_access_key() {
-        // Test S3 with empty access key ID (empty string, not missing)
-        let cmd = ExportCommand::parse_from([
-            "export",
-            "--addr",
-            "127.0.0.1:4000",
-            "--s3",
-            "--s3-bucket",
-            "test-bucket",
-            "--s3-root",
-            "test-root",
-            "--s3-access-key-id",
-            "", // Empty string
-            "--s3-secret-access-key",
-            "test-secret",
-            "--s3-region",
-            "us-west-2",
-        ]);
-
-        let result = cmd.build().await;
-        assert!(result.is_err());
-        if let Err(err) = result {
-            assert!(
-                err.to_string().contains("S3 access key ID must be set"),
-                "Actual error: {}",
-                err
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_export_command_build_with_s3_missing_secret_key() {
-        // Test S3 with empty secret access key
-        let cmd = ExportCommand::parse_from([
-            "export",
-            "--addr",
-            "127.0.0.1:4000",
-            "--s3",
-            "--s3-bucket",
-            "test-bucket",
-            "--s3-root",
-            "test-root",
-            "--s3-access-key-id",
-            "test-key",
-            // Missing --s3-secret-access-key
-            "--s3-region",
-            "us-west-2",
-        ]);
-
-        let result = cmd.build().await;
-        assert!(result.is_err());
-        if let Err(err) = result {
-            assert!(
-                err.to_string().contains("S3 secret access key must be set"),
-                "Actual error: {}",
-                err
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_export_command_build_with_s3_empty_root() {
         // Empty root should be allowed (it's optional path component)

src/cli/src/error.rs

@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: common_procedure::error::Error,
     },
 
-    #[snafu(display("Failed to start wal options allocator"))]
-    StartWalOptionsAllocator {
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to start wal provider"))]
+    StartWalProvider {
         #[snafu(implicit)]
         location: Location,
         source: common_meta::error::Error,
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
 
             Error::StartProcedureManager { source, .. }
             | Error::StopProcedureManager { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
-            Error::StartWalOptionsAllocator { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
+            Error::StartWalProvider { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
             Error::HttpQuerySql { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
             Error::ParseSql { source, .. } | Error::PlanStatement { source, .. } => {
                 source.status_code()

src/cli/src/metadata/snapshot.rs

@@ -288,9 +288,16 @@ fn build_object_store_and_resolve_file_path(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::env;
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+    use std::time::Duration;
 
     use clap::Parser;
+    use common_meta::kv_backend::KvBackend;
+    use common_meta::kv_backend::memory::MemoryKvBackend;
+    use common_meta::rpc::store::PutRequest;
+    use object_store::ObjectStore;
 
+    use super::*;
     use crate::metadata::snapshot::RestoreCommand;
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -334,4 +341,97 @@ mod tests {
         let tool = cmd.build().await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(tool.file_path, file_path.to_string_lossy().to_string());
     }
+
+    async fn setup_backup_file(object_store: ObjectStore, file_path: &str) {
+        let kv_backend = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
+        let manager = MetadataSnapshotManager::new(kv_backend.clone(), object_store);
+        // Put some data into the kv backend
+        kv_backend
+            .put(
+                PutRequest::new()
+                    .with_key(b"test".to_vec())
+                    .with_value(b"test".to_vec()),
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        manager.dump(file_path).await.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_restore_raft_engine_store() {
+        common_telemetry::init_default_ut_logging();
+        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = temp_dir.path().display().to_string();
+        let object_store = new_fs_object_store(&root).unwrap();
+        setup_backup_file(object_store, "/backup/metadata_snapshot.metadata.fb").await;
+
+        {
+            let cmd = RestoreCommand::parse_from([
+                "",
+                "--file_name",
+                format!("{}/backup/metadata_snapshot.metadata.fb", root).as_str(),
+                "--backend",
+                "raft-engine-store",
+                "--store-addrs",
+                format!("raftengine:///{}/metadata", root).as_str(),
+            ]);
+            let tool = cmd.build().await.unwrap();
+            tool.do_work().await.unwrap();
+        }
+        // Waits for the raft engine release the file lock.
+        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
+        let kv =
+            standalone::build_metadata_kvbackend(format!("{}/metadata", root), Default::default())
+                .unwrap();
+
+        let value = kv.get(b"test").await.unwrap().unwrap().value;
+        assert_eq!(value, b"test");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_save_raft_engine_store() {
+        common_telemetry::init_default_ut_logging();
+        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = temp_dir.path().display().to_string();
+        {
+            let kv = standalone::build_metadata_kvbackend(
+                format!("{}/metadata", root),
+                Default::default(),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            kv.put(
+                PutRequest::new()
+                    .with_key(b"test".to_vec())
+                    .with_value(b"test".to_vec()),
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        }
+        // Waits for the raft engine release the file lock.
+        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
+        {
+            let cmd = SaveCommand::parse_from([
+                "",
+                "--file_name",
+                format!("{}/backup/metadata_snapshot.metadata.fb", root).as_str(),
+                "--backend",
+                "raft-engine-store",
+                "--store-addrs",
+                format!("raftengine:///{}/metadata", root).as_str(),
+            ]);
+            let tool = cmd.build().await.unwrap();
+            tool.do_work().await.unwrap();
+        }
+
+        // Reads the snapshot file from the object store.
+        let object_store = new_fs_object_store(&root).unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
+        let manager = MetadataSnapshotManager::new(kv_backend.clone(), object_store);
+        manager
+            .restore("/backup/metadata_snapshot.metadata.fb")
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let value = kv_backend.get(b"test").await.unwrap().unwrap().value;
+        assert_eq!(value, b"test");
+    }
 }

src/client/src/database.rs

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ use common_grpc::flight::{FlightDecoder, FlightMessage};
 use common_query::Output;
 use common_recordbatch::error::ExternalSnafu;
 use common_recordbatch::{RecordBatch, RecordBatchStreamWrapper};
+use common_telemetry::tracing::Span;
 use common_telemetry::tracing_context::W3cTrace;
 use common_telemetry::{error, warn};
 use futures::future;
@@ -456,6 +457,7 @@ impl Database {
                     stream,
                     output_ordering: None,
                     metrics: Default::default(),
+                    span: Span::current(),
                 };
                 Ok(Output::new_with_stream(Box::pin(record_batch_stream)))
             }

src/client/src/region.rs

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ use common_query::request::QueryRequest;
 use common_recordbatch::error::ExternalSnafu;
 use common_recordbatch::{RecordBatch, RecordBatchStreamWrapper, SendableRecordBatchStream};
 use common_telemetry::error;
+use common_telemetry::tracing::Span;
 use common_telemetry::tracing_context::TracingContext;
 use prost::Message;
 use query::query_engine::DefaultSerializer;
@@ -242,6 +243,7 @@ impl RegionRequester {
             stream,
             output_ordering: None,
             metrics,
+            span: Span::current(),
         };
         Ok(Box::pin(record_batch_stream))
     }

src/cmd/Cargo.toml

@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ meta-srv.workspace = true
 metric-engine.workspace = true
 mito2.workspace = true
 moka.workspace = true
-nu-ansi-term = "0.46"
 object-store.workspace = true
 parquet = { workspace = true, features = ["object_store"] }
 plugins.workspace = true

src/cmd/src/datanode.rs

@@ -330,7 +330,6 @@ mod tests {
     use common_config::ENV_VAR_SEP;
     use common_test_util::temp_dir::create_named_temp_file;
     use object_store::config::{FileConfig, GcsConfig, ObjectStoreConfig, S3Config};
-    use servers::heartbeat_options::HeartbeatOptions;
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::options::GlobalOptions;
@@ -374,9 +373,6 @@ mod tests {
             hostname = "127.0.0.1"
             runtime_size = 8
 
-            [heartbeat]
-            interval = "300ms"
-
             [meta_client]
             metasrv_addrs = ["127.0.0.1:3002"]
             timeout = "3s"
@@ -434,13 +430,6 @@ mod tests {
         );
         assert!(!raft_engine_config.sync_write);
 
-        let HeartbeatOptions {
-            interval: heart_beat_interval,
-            ..
-        } = options.heartbeat;
-
-        assert_eq!(300, heart_beat_interval.as_millis());
-
         let MetaClientOptions {
             metasrv_addrs: metasrv_addr,
             timeout,

src/cmd/src/datanode/objbench.rs

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ use mito2::sst::parquet::reader::ParquetReaderBuilder;
 use mito2::sst::parquet::{PARQUET_METADATA_KEY, WriteOptions};
 use mito2::worker::write_cache_from_config;
 use object_store::ObjectStore;
+use parquet::file::metadata::{FooterTail, KeyValue};
 use regex::Regex;
 use snafu::OptionExt;
 use store_api::metadata::{RegionMetadata, RegionMetadataRef};
@@ -463,7 +464,6 @@ fn extract_region_metadata(
     file_path: &str,
     meta: &parquet::file::metadata::ParquetMetaData,
 ) -> error::Result<RegionMetadataRef> {
-    use parquet::format::KeyValue;
     let kvs: Option<&Vec<KeyValue>> = meta.file_metadata().key_value_metadata();
     let Some(kvs) = kvs else {
         return Err(error::IllegalConfigSnafu {
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ async fn load_parquet_metadata(
     let buffer_len = buffer.len();
     let mut footer = [0; 8];
     footer.copy_from_slice(&buffer[buffer_len - FOOTER_SIZE..]);
-    let footer = ParquetMetaDataReader::decode_footer_tail(&footer)?;
+    let footer = FooterTail::try_new(&footer)?;
     let metadata_len = footer.metadata_length() as u64;
     if actual_size - (FOOTER_SIZE as u64) < metadata_len {
         return Err("invalid footer/metadata length".into());

src/cmd/src/error.rs

@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: common_procedure::error::Error,
     },
 
-    #[snafu(display("Failed to start wal options allocator"))]
-    StartWalOptionsAllocator {
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to start wal provider"))]
+    StartWalProvider {
         #[snafu(implicit)]
         location: Location,
         source: common_meta::error::Error,
@@ -289,8 +289,8 @@ pub enum Error {
         location: Location,
     },
 
-    #[snafu(display("Failed to build wal options allocator"))]
-    BuildWalOptionsAllocator {
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to build wal provider"))]
+    BuildWalProvider {
         #[snafu(implicit)]
         location: Location,
         source: common_meta::error::Error,
@@ -350,8 +350,9 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
 
             Error::StartProcedureManager { source, .. }
             | Error::StopProcedureManager { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
-            Error::BuildWalOptionsAllocator { source, .. }
-            | Error::StartWalOptionsAllocator { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
+            Error::BuildWalProvider { source, .. } | Error::StartWalProvider { source, .. } => {
+                source.status_code()
+            }
             Error::HttpQuerySql { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
             Error::ParseSql { source, .. } | Error::PlanStatement { source, .. } => {
                 source.status_code()

src/cmd/src/flownode.rs

@@ -358,7 +358,6 @@ impl StartCommand {
         let heartbeat_task = flow::heartbeat::HeartbeatTask::new(
             &opts,
             meta_client.clone(),
-            opts.heartbeat.clone(),
             Arc::new(executor),
             Arc::new(resource_stat),
         );

src/cmd/src/frontend.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use cache::{build_fundamental_cache_registry, with_default_composite_cache_registry};
 use catalog::information_extension::DistributedInformationExtension;
+use catalog::information_schema::InformationExtensionRef;
 use catalog::kvbackend::{
     CachedKvBackendBuilder, CatalogManagerConfiguratorRef, KvBackendCatalogManagerBuilder,
     MetaKvBackend,
@@ -236,7 +237,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
         };
 
         let tls_opts = TlsOption::new(
-            self.tls_mode.clone(),
+            self.tls_mode,
             self.tls_cert_path.clone(),
             self.tls_key_path.clone(),
             self.tls_watch,
@@ -412,6 +413,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
             meta_client.clone(),
             client.clone(),
         ));
+        plugins.insert::<InformationExtensionRef>(information_extension.clone());
 
         let process_manager = Arc::new(ProcessManager::new(
             addrs::resolve_addr(&opts.grpc.bind_addr, Some(&opts.grpc.server_addr)),

src/cmd/src/lib.rs

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ pub trait App: Send {
     }
 }
 
-/// Log the versions of the application, and the arguments passed to the cli.
+/// Log the versions of the application.
 ///
 /// `version` should be the same as the output of cli "--version";
 /// and the `short_version` is the short version of the codes, often consist of git branch and commit.
@@ -118,10 +118,7 @@ pub fn log_versions(version: &str, short_version: &str, app: &str) {
         .with_label_values(&[common_version::version(), short_version, app])
         .inc();
 
-    // Log version and argument flags.
     info!("GreptimeDB version: {}", version);
-
-    log_env_flags();
 }
 
 pub fn create_resource_limit_metrics(app: &str) {
@@ -144,13 +141,6 @@ pub fn create_resource_limit_metrics(app: &str) {
     }
 }
 
-fn log_env_flags() {
-    info!("command line arguments");
-    for argument in std::env::args() {
-        info!("argument: {}", argument);
-    }
-}
-
 pub fn maybe_activate_heap_profile(memory_options: &common_options::memory::MemoryOptions) {
     if memory_options.enable_heap_profiling {
         match activate_heap_profile() {

src/cmd/src/standalone.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ use common_meta::procedure_executor::LocalProcedureExecutor;
 use common_meta::region_keeper::MemoryRegionKeeper;
 use common_meta::region_registry::LeaderRegionRegistry;
 use common_meta::sequence::SequenceBuilder;
-use common_meta::wal_options_allocator::{WalOptionsAllocatorRef, build_wal_options_allocator};
+use common_meta::wal_provider::{WalProviderRef, build_wal_provider};
 use common_procedure::ProcedureManagerRef;
 use common_query::prelude::set_default_prefix;
 use common_telemetry::info;
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ use plugins::frontend::context::{
 use plugins::standalone::context::DdlManagerConfigureContext;
 use servers::tls::{TlsMode, TlsOption, merge_tls_option};
 use snafu::ResultExt;
-use standalone::StandaloneInformationExtension;
 use standalone::options::StandaloneOptions;
+use standalone::{StandaloneInformationExtension, StandaloneRepartitionProcedureFactory};
 use tracing_appender::non_blocking::WorkerGuard;
 
 use crate::error::{OtherSnafu, Result, StartFlownodeSnafu};
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ pub struct Instance {
     frontend: Frontend,
     flownode: FlownodeInstance,
     procedure_manager: ProcedureManagerRef,
-    wal_options_allocator: WalOptionsAllocatorRef,
+    wal_provider: WalProviderRef,
     // Keep the logging guard to prevent the worker from being dropped.
     _guard: Vec<WorkerGuard>,
 }
@@ -146,10 +146,10 @@ impl App for Instance {
             .await
             .context(error::StartProcedureManagerSnafu)?;
 
-        self.wal_options_allocator
+        self.wal_provider
             .start()
             .await
-            .context(error::StartWalOptionsAllocatorSnafu)?;
+            .context(error::StartWalProviderSnafu)?;
 
         plugins::start_frontend_plugins(self.frontend.instance.plugins().clone())
             .await
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
         };
 
         let tls_opts = TlsOption::new(
-            self.tls_mode.clone(),
+            self.tls_mode,
             self.tls_cert_path.clone(),
             self.tls_key_path.clone(),
             self.tls_watch,
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
             flow_server: flownode.flow_engine(),
         });
 
-        let table_id_sequence = Arc::new(
+        let table_id_allocator = Arc::new(
             SequenceBuilder::new(TABLE_ID_SEQ, kv_backend.clone())
                 .initial(MIN_USER_TABLE_ID as u64)
                 .step(10)
@@ -485,13 +485,13 @@ impl StartCommand {
             .clone()
             .try_into()
             .context(error::InvalidWalProviderSnafu)?;
-        let wal_options_allocator = build_wal_options_allocator(&kafka_options, kv_backend.clone())
+        let wal_provider = build_wal_provider(&kafka_options, kv_backend.clone())
             .await
-            .context(error::BuildWalOptionsAllocatorSnafu)?;
-        let wal_options_allocator = Arc::new(wal_options_allocator);
+            .context(error::BuildWalProviderSnafu)?;
+        let wal_provider = Arc::new(wal_provider);
         let table_metadata_allocator = Arc::new(TableMetadataAllocator::new(
-            table_id_sequence,
-            wal_options_allocator.clone(),
+            table_id_allocator,
+            wal_provider.clone(),
         ));
         let flow_metadata_allocator = Arc::new(FlowMetadataAllocator::with_noop_peer_allocator(
             flow_id_sequence,
@@ -509,8 +509,13 @@ impl StartCommand {
             region_failure_detector_controller: Arc::new(NoopRegionFailureDetectorControl),
         };
 
-        let ddl_manager = DdlManager::try_new(ddl_context, procedure_manager.clone(), true)
-            .context(error::InitDdlManagerSnafu)?;
+        let ddl_manager = DdlManager::try_new(
+            ddl_context,
+            procedure_manager.clone(),
+            Arc::new(StandaloneRepartitionProcedureFactory),
+            true,
+        )
+        .context(error::InitDdlManagerSnafu)?;
 
         let ddl_manager = if let Some(configurator) =
             plugins.get::<DdlManagerConfiguratorRef<DdlManagerConfigureContext>>()
@@ -585,7 +590,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
             frontend,
             flownode,
             procedure_manager,
-            wal_options_allocator,
+            wal_provider,
             _guard: guard,
         })
     }

src/cmd/tests/load_config_test.rs

@@ -228,7 +228,6 @@ fn test_load_flownode_example_config() {
                 ..Default::default()
             },
             tracing: Default::default(),
-            heartbeat: Default::default(),
             // flownode deliberately use a slower query parallelism
             // to avoid overwhelming the frontend with too many queries
             query: QueryOptions {

src/common/datasource/Cargo.toml

@@ -27,13 +27,14 @@ common-recordbatch.workspace = true
 common-runtime.workspace = true
 common-telemetry.workspace = true
 datafusion.workspace = true
+datafusion-datasource.workspace = true
 datafusion-orc.workspace = true
 datatypes.workspace = true
 futures.workspace = true
 lazy_static.workspace = true
 object-store.workspace = true
 object_store_opendal.workspace = true
-orc-rust = { version = "0.6.3", default-features = false, features = ["async"] }
+orc-rust = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["async"] }
 parquet.workspace = true
 paste.workspace = true
 regex.workspace = true
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ snafu.workspace = true
 strum.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true
 tokio-util.workspace = true
-url = "2.3"
+url.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 common-test-util.workspace = true

src/common/datasource/src/buffered_writer.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use datafusion::parquet::format::FileMetaData;
+use parquet::file::metadata::ParquetMetaData;
 
 use crate::error::Result;
 
@@ -24,5 +24,5 @@ pub trait DfRecordBatchEncoder {
 
 #[async_trait]
 pub trait ArrowWriterCloser {
-    async fn close(mut self) -> Result<FileMetaData>;
+    async fn close(mut self) -> Result<ParquetMetaData>;
 }

src/common/datasource/src/file_format.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ use datafusion::datasource::physical_plan::{
 use datafusion::error::{DataFusionError, Result as DataFusionResult};
 use datafusion::physical_plan::SendableRecordBatchStream;
 use datafusion::physical_plan::metrics::ExecutionPlanMetricsSet;
-use datatypes::arrow::datatypes::SchemaRef;
 use futures::{StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
 use object_store::ObjectStore;
 use object_store_opendal::OpendalStore;
@@ -303,24 +302,20 @@ where
 pub async fn file_to_stream(
     store: &ObjectStore,
     filename: &str,
-    file_schema: SchemaRef,
     file_source: Arc<dyn FileSource>,
     projection: Option<Vec<usize>>,
     compression_type: CompressionType,
 ) -> Result<DfSendableRecordBatchStream> {
     let df_compression: DfCompressionType = compression_type.into();
-    let config = FileScanConfigBuilder::new(
-        ObjectStoreUrl::local_filesystem(),
-        file_schema,
-        file_source.clone(),
-    )
-    .with_file_group(FileGroup::new(vec![PartitionedFile::new(
-        filename.to_string(),
-        0,
-    )]))
-    .with_projection(projection)
-    .with_file_compression_type(df_compression)
-    .build();
+    let config =
+        FileScanConfigBuilder::new(ObjectStoreUrl::local_filesystem(), file_source.clone())
+            .with_file_group(FileGroup::new(vec![PartitionedFile::new(
+                filename.to_string(),
+                0,
+            )]))
+            .with_projection_indices(projection)
+            .with_file_compression_type(df_compression)
+            .build();
 
     let store = Arc::new(OpendalStore::new(store.clone()));
     let file_opener = file_source

src/common/datasource/src/file_format/csv.rs

@@ -440,14 +440,11 @@ mod tests {
                 .await
                 .unwrap(),
             );
-            let csv_source = CsvSource::new(true, b',', b'"')
-                .with_schema(schema.clone())
-                .with_batch_size(8192);
+            let csv_source = CsvSource::new(schema).with_batch_size(8192);
 
             let stream = file_to_stream(
                 &store,
                 compressed_file_path_str,
-                schema.clone(),
                 csv_source.clone(),
                 None,
                 compression_type,

src/common/datasource/src/file_format/json.rs

@@ -347,14 +347,11 @@ mod tests {
                 .await
                 .unwrap(),
             );
-            let json_source = JsonSource::new()
-                .with_schema(schema.clone())
-                .with_batch_size(8192);
+            let json_source = JsonSource::new(schema).with_batch_size(8192);
 
             let stream = file_to_stream(
                 &store,
                 compressed_file_path_str,
-                schema.clone(),
                 json_source.clone(),
                 None,
                 compression_type,

src/common/datasource/src/file_format/parquet.rs

@@ -18,15 +18,15 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch;
 use arrow_schema::Schema;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use datafusion::datasource::physical_plan::{FileMeta, ParquetFileReaderFactory};
+use datafusion::datasource::physical_plan::ParquetFileReaderFactory;
 use datafusion::error::Result as DatafusionResult;
 use datafusion::parquet::arrow::async_reader::AsyncFileReader;
 use datafusion::parquet::arrow::{ArrowWriter, parquet_to_arrow_schema};
 use datafusion::parquet::errors::{ParquetError, Result as ParquetResult};
 use datafusion::parquet::file::metadata::ParquetMetaData;
-use datafusion::parquet::format::FileMetaData;
 use datafusion::physical_plan::SendableRecordBatchStream;
 use datafusion::physical_plan::metrics::ExecutionPlanMetricsSet;
+use datafusion_datasource::PartitionedFile;
 use datatypes::schema::SchemaRef;
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use futures::future::BoxFuture;
@@ -100,11 +100,11 @@ impl ParquetFileReaderFactory for DefaultParquetFileReaderFactory {
     fn create_reader(
         &self,
         _partition_index: usize,
-        file_meta: FileMeta,
+        partitioned_file: PartitionedFile,
         _metadata_size_hint: Option<usize>,
         _metrics: &ExecutionPlanMetricsSet,
     ) -> DatafusionResult<Box<dyn AsyncFileReader + Send>> {
-        let path = file_meta.location().to_string();
+        let path = partitioned_file.path().to_string();
         let object_store = self.object_store.clone();
 
         Ok(Box::new(LazyParquetFileReader::new(object_store, path)))
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ impl DfRecordBatchEncoder for ArrowWriter<SharedBuffer> {
 
 #[async_trait]
 impl ArrowWriterCloser for ArrowWriter<SharedBuffer> {
-    async fn close(self) -> Result<FileMetaData> {
+    async fn close(self) -> Result<ParquetMetaData> {
         self.close().context(error::EncodeRecordBatchSnafu)
     }
 }

src/common/datasource/src/file_format/tests.rs

@@ -67,14 +67,14 @@ impl Test<'_> {
 async fn test_json_opener() {
     let store = test_store("/");
     let schema = test_basic_schema();
-    let file_source = Arc::new(JsonSource::new()).with_batch_size(test_util::TEST_BATCH_SIZE);
+    let file_source = Arc::new(JsonSource::new(schema)).with_batch_size(test_util::TEST_BATCH_SIZE);
 
     let path = &find_workspace_path("/src/common/datasource/tests/json/basic.json")
         .display()
         .to_string();
     let tests = [
         Test {
-            config: scan_config(schema.clone(), None, path, file_source.clone()),
+            config: scan_config(None, path, file_source.clone()),
             file_source: file_source.clone(),
             expected: vec![
                 "+-----+-------+",
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ async fn test_json_opener() {
             ],
         },
         Test {
-            config: scan_config(schema, Some(1), path, file_source.clone()),
+            config: scan_config(Some(1), path, file_source.clone()),
             file_source,
             expected: vec![
                 "+-----+------+",
@@ -112,13 +112,11 @@ async fn test_csv_opener() {
         .display()
         .to_string();
 
-    let file_source = CsvSource::new(true, b',', b'"')
-        .with_batch_size(test_util::TEST_BATCH_SIZE)
-        .with_schema(schema.clone());
+    let file_source = CsvSource::new(schema).with_batch_size(test_util::TEST_BATCH_SIZE);
 
     let tests = [
         Test {
-            config: scan_config(schema.clone(), None, path, file_source.clone()),
+            config: scan_config(None, path, file_source.clone()),
             file_source: file_source.clone(),
             expected: vec![
                 "+-----+-------+---------------------+----------+------------+",
@@ -131,7 +129,7 @@ async fn test_csv_opener() {
             ],
         },
         Test {
-            config: scan_config(schema, Some(1), path, file_source.clone()),
+            config: scan_config(Some(1), path, file_source.clone()),
             file_source,
             expected: vec![
                 "+-----+------+---------------------+----------+------------+",
@@ -158,10 +156,10 @@ async fn test_parquet_exec() {
         .display()
         .to_string();
 
-    let parquet_source = ParquetSource::default()
+    let parquet_source = ParquetSource::new(schema)
         .with_parquet_file_reader_factory(Arc::new(DefaultParquetFileReaderFactory::new(store)));
 
-    let config = scan_config(schema, None, path, Arc::new(parquet_source));
+    let config = scan_config(None, path, Arc::new(parquet_source));
     let exec = DataSourceExec::from_data_source(config);
     let ctx = SessionContext::new();
 
@@ -197,11 +195,11 @@ async fn test_orc_opener() {
 
     let store = test_store("/");
     let schema = Arc::new(OrcFormat.infer_schema(&store, path).await.unwrap());
-    let file_source = Arc::new(OrcSource::default());
+    let file_source = Arc::new(OrcSource::new(schema.into()));
 
     let tests = [
         Test {
-            config: scan_config(schema.clone(), None, path, file_source.clone()),
+            config: scan_config(None, path, file_source.clone()),
             file_source: file_source.clone(),
             expected: vec![
                 "+----------+-----+-------+------------+-----+-----+-------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------+---------------+------------+----------------+---------------+-------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+----------------------------+-------------+",
@@ -216,7 +214,7 @@ async fn test_orc_opener() {
             ],
         },
         Test {
-            config: scan_config(schema.clone(), Some(1), path, file_source.clone()),
+            config: scan_config(Some(1), path, file_source.clone()),
             file_source,
             expected: vec![
                 "+----------+-----+------+------------+---+-----+-------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------+---------------+------------+----------------+---------------+-------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+-------------------------+-------------+",

src/common/datasource/src/test_util.rs

@@ -80,7 +80,6 @@ pub fn csv_basic_schema() -> SchemaRef {
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn scan_config(
-    file_schema: SchemaRef,
     limit: Option<usize>,
     filename: &str,
     file_source: Arc<dyn FileSource>,
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ pub(crate) fn scan_config(
     let filename = &filename.replace('\\', "/");
     let file_group = FileGroup::new(vec![PartitionedFile::new(filename.clone(), 4096)]);
 
-    FileScanConfigBuilder::new(ObjectStoreUrl::local_filesystem(), file_schema, file_source)
+    FileScanConfigBuilder::new(ObjectStoreUrl::local_filesystem(), file_source)
         .with_file_group(file_group)
         .with_limit(limit)
         .build()
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ pub async fn setup_stream_to_json_test(origin_path: &str, threshold: impl Fn(usi
 
     let size = store.read(origin_path).await.unwrap().len();
 
-    let config = scan_config(schema, None, origin_path, Arc::new(JsonSource::new()));
+    let config = scan_config(None, origin_path, Arc::new(JsonSource::new(schema)));
     let stream = FileStream::new(
         &config,
         0,
@@ -151,10 +150,8 @@ pub async fn setup_stream_to_csv_test(
 
     let schema = csv_basic_schema();
 
-    let csv_source = CsvSource::new(true, b',', b'"')
-        .with_schema(schema.clone())
-        .with_batch_size(TEST_BATCH_SIZE);
-    let config = scan_config(schema, None, origin_path, csv_source.clone());
+    let csv_source = CsvSource::new(schema).with_batch_size(TEST_BATCH_SIZE);
+    let config = scan_config(None, origin_path, csv_source.clone());
     let size = store.read(origin_path).await.unwrap().len();
 
     let csv_opener = csv_source.create_file_opener(

src/common/function/src/admin/flush_compact_region.rs

@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ mod tests {
                     assert!(matches!(f.signature(),
                                      datafusion_expr::Signature {
                                          type_signature: datafusion_expr::TypeSignature::Uniform(1, valid_types),
-                                         volatility: datafusion_expr::Volatility::Immutable
+                                         volatility: datafusion_expr::Volatility::Immutable,
+                                         ..
                                      } if valid_types == &ConcreteDataType::numerics().into_iter().map(|dt| { use datatypes::data_type::DataType; dt.as_arrow_type() }).collect::<Vec<_>>()));
                 }
 

src/common/function/src/admin/flush_compact_table.rs

@@ -331,7 +331,8 @@ mod tests {
                     assert!(matches!(f.signature(),
                                      datafusion_expr::Signature {
                                          type_signature: datafusion_expr::TypeSignature::Uniform(1, valid_types),
-                                         volatility: datafusion_expr::Volatility::Immutable
+                                         volatility: datafusion_expr::Volatility::Immutable,
+                                         ..
                                      } if valid_types == &vec![ArrowDataType::Utf8]));
                 }
 

src/common/function/src/admin/migrate_region.rs

@@ -145,7 +145,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(matches!(f.signature(),
                          datafusion_expr::Signature {
                              type_signature: datafusion_expr::TypeSignature::OneOf(sigs),
-                             volatility: datafusion_expr::Volatility::Immutable
+                             volatility: datafusion_expr::Volatility::Immutable,
+                             ..
                          } if sigs.len() == 2));
     }
 

src/common/function/src/aggrs/aggr_wrapper.rs

@@ -341,6 +341,7 @@ impl AggregateUDFImpl for StateWrapper {
                 name: acc_args.name,
                 is_distinct: acc_args.is_distinct,
                 exprs: acc_args.exprs,
+                expr_fields: acc_args.expr_fields,
             };
             self.inner.accumulator(acc_args)?
         };

src/common/function/src/aggrs/aggr_wrapper/tests.rs

@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ async fn test_last_value_order_by_udaf() {
                         DataType::Timestamp(arrow_schema::TimeUnit::Millisecond, None),
                         true
                     ), // ordering field is added to state fields too
-                    Field::new("is_set", DataType::Boolean, true)
+                    Field::new("last_value[last_value_is_set]", DataType::Boolean, true)
                 ]
                 .into()
             ),
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ async fn test_last_value_order_by_udaf() {
                     DataType::Timestamp(arrow_schema::TimeUnit::Millisecond, None),
                     true,
                 ),
-                Field::new("is_set", DataType::Boolean, true),
+                Field::new("last_value[last_value_is_set]", DataType::Boolean, true),
             ]
             .into(),
             vec![

src/common/function/src/aggrs/count_hash.rs

@@ -453,8 +453,8 @@ impl Accumulator for CountHashAccumulator {
                 );
             };
             let hash_array = inner_array.as_any().downcast_ref::<UInt64Array>().unwrap();
-            for i in 0..hash_array.len() {
-                self.values.insert(hash_array.value(i));
+            for &hash in hash_array.values().iter().take(hash_array.len()) {
+                self.values.insert(hash);
             }
         }
         Ok(())

src/common/function/src/aggrs/geo/encoding.rs

@@ -152,9 +152,9 @@ impl DfAccumulator for JsonEncodePathAccumulator {
         let lng_array = lng_array.as_primitive::<Float64Type>();
 
         let mut coords = Vec::with_capacity(len);
-        for i in 0..len {
-            let lng = lng_array.value(i);
-            let lat = lat_array.value(i);
+        let lng_values = lng_array.values();
+        let lat_values = lat_array.values();
+        for (&lng, &lat) in lng_values.iter().zip(lat_values.iter()).take(len) {
             coords.push(vec![lng, lat]);
         }
 

src/common/function/src/scalars/date/date_add.rs

@@ -122,7 +122,8 @@ mod tests {
             matches!(f.signature(),
                          Signature {
                              type_signature: TypeSignature::OneOf(sigs),
-                             volatility: Volatility::Immutable
+                             volatility: Volatility::Immutable,
+                             ..
                          } if  sigs.len() == 15),
             "{:?}",
             f.signature()

src/common/function/src/scalars/date/date_format.rs

@@ -193,7 +193,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(matches!(f.signature(),
                          Signature {
                              type_signature: TypeSignature::OneOf(sigs),
-                             volatility: Volatility::Immutable
+                             volatility: Volatility::Immutable,
+                             ..
                          } if  sigs.len() == 6));
     }
 

src/common/function/src/scalars/date/date_sub.rs

@@ -120,7 +120,8 @@ mod tests {
             matches!(f.signature(),
                          Signature {
                              type_signature: TypeSignature::OneOf(sigs),
-                             volatility: Volatility::Immutable
+                             volatility: Volatility::Immutable,
+                             ..
                          } if  sigs.len() == 15),
             "{:?}",
             f.signature()

src/common/function/src/scalars/json/json_get.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ use datafusion_common::arrow::array::{
 };
 use datafusion_common::arrow::datatypes::DataType;
 use datafusion_common::{DataFusionError, Result};
-use datafusion_expr::type_coercion::aggregates::STRINGS;
 use datafusion_expr::{ColumnarValue, ScalarFunctionArgs, Signature, Volatility};
 use datatypes::arrow_array::{int_array_value_at_index, string_array_value_at_index};
 use datatypes::json::JsonStructureSettings;
@@ -519,7 +518,7 @@ impl Default for JsonGetObject {
                     DataType::LargeBinary,
                     DataType::BinaryView,
                 ],
-                STRINGS.to_vec(),
+                vec![DataType::UInt8, DataType::LargeUtf8, DataType::Utf8View],
             ),
         }
     }

src/common/function/src/scalars/math/rate.rs

@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(matches!(rate.signature(),
                          Signature {
                              type_signature: TypeSignature::Uniform(2, valid_types),
-                             volatility: Volatility::Immutable
+                             volatility: Volatility::Immutable,
+                             ..
                          } if  valid_types == NUMERICS
         ));
         let values = vec![1.0, 3.0, 6.0];

src/common/function/src/scalars/primary_key.rs

@@ -208,9 +208,9 @@ fn decode_dictionary(
 
     let mut rows = Vec::with_capacity(number_rows);
     let keys = dict.keys();
-    for i in 0..number_rows {
-        let dict_index = keys.value(i) as usize;
-        rows.push(decoded_values[dict_index].clone());
+    let dict_indices = keys.values();
+    for &dict_index in dict_indices[..number_rows].iter() {
+        rows.push(decoded_values[dict_index as usize].clone());
     }
 
     Ok(rows)

src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/convert/vector_to_string.rs

@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ use datafusion_common::DataFusionError;
 use datafusion_common::arrow::array::{Array, AsArray, StringViewBuilder};
 use datafusion_common::arrow::compute;
 use datafusion_common::arrow::datatypes::DataType;
-use datafusion_expr::type_coercion::aggregates::BINARYS;
-use datafusion_expr::{ColumnarValue, ScalarFunctionArgs, Signature, TypeSignature, Volatility};
+use datafusion_common::types::logical_binary;
+use datafusion_expr::{
+    Coercion, ColumnarValue, ScalarFunctionArgs, Signature, TypeSignatureClass, Volatility,
+};
 use datatypes::types::vector_type_value_to_string;
 
 use crate::function::{Function, extract_args};
@@ -35,11 +37,10 @@ pub struct VectorToStringFunction {
 impl Default for VectorToStringFunction {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
-            signature: Signature::one_of(
-                vec![
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, vec![DataType::BinaryView]),
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, BINARYS.to_vec()),
-                ],
+            signature: Signature::coercible(
+                vec![Coercion::new_exact(TypeSignatureClass::Native(
+                    logical_binary(),
+                ))],
                 Volatility::Immutable,
             ),
         }

src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/elem_avg.rs

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
 use std::fmt::Display;
 
 use datafusion::arrow::datatypes::DataType;
-use datafusion::logical_expr::ColumnarValue;
+use datafusion::logical_expr::{Coercion, ColumnarValue, TypeSignature, TypeSignatureClass};
 use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
-use datafusion_expr::type_coercion::aggregates::{BINARYS, STRINGS};
-use datafusion_expr::{ScalarFunctionArgs, Signature, TypeSignature, Volatility};
+use datafusion_common::types::{logical_binary, logical_string};
+use datafusion_expr::{ScalarFunctionArgs, Signature, Volatility};
 use nalgebra::DVectorView;
 
 use crate::function::Function;
@@ -36,9 +36,12 @@ impl Default for ElemAvgFunction {
         Self {
             signature: Signature::one_of(
                 vec![
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, STRINGS.to_vec()),
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, BINARYS.to_vec()),
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, vec![DataType::BinaryView]),
+                    TypeSignature::Coercible(vec![Coercion::new_exact(
+                        TypeSignatureClass::Native(logical_binary()),
+                    )]),
+                    TypeSignature::Coercible(vec![Coercion::new_exact(
+                        TypeSignatureClass::Native(logical_string()),
+                    )]),
                 ],
                 Volatility::Immutable,
             ),

src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/elem_product.rs

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
 use std::fmt::Display;
 
 use datafusion::arrow::datatypes::DataType;
-use datafusion::logical_expr::ColumnarValue;
-use datafusion::logical_expr_common::type_coercion::aggregates::{BINARYS, STRINGS};
+use datafusion::logical_expr::{Coercion, ColumnarValue, TypeSignature, TypeSignatureClass};
 use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
-use datafusion_expr::{ScalarFunctionArgs, Signature, TypeSignature, Volatility};
+use datafusion_common::types::{logical_binary, logical_string};
+use datafusion_expr::{ScalarFunctionArgs, Signature, Volatility};
 use nalgebra::DVectorView;
 
 use crate::function::Function;
@@ -49,9 +49,12 @@ impl Default for ElemProductFunction {
         Self {
             signature: Signature::one_of(
                 vec![
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, STRINGS.to_vec()),
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, BINARYS.to_vec()),
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, vec![DataType::BinaryView]),
+                    TypeSignature::Coercible(vec![Coercion::new_exact(
+                        TypeSignatureClass::Native(logical_binary()),
+                    )]),
+                    TypeSignature::Coercible(vec![Coercion::new_exact(
+                        TypeSignatureClass::Native(logical_string()),
+                    )]),
                 ],
                 Volatility::Immutable,
             ),

src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/elem_sum.rs

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 use std::fmt::Display;
 
 use datafusion::arrow::datatypes::DataType;
-use datafusion::logical_expr::ColumnarValue;
+use datafusion::logical_expr::{Coercion, ColumnarValue, TypeSignatureClass};
 use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
-use datafusion_expr::type_coercion::aggregates::{BINARYS, STRINGS};
+use datafusion_common::types::{logical_binary, logical_string};
 use datafusion_expr::{ScalarFunctionArgs, Signature, TypeSignature, Volatility};
 use nalgebra::DVectorView;
 
@@ -36,9 +36,12 @@ impl Default for ElemSumFunction {
         Self {
             signature: Signature::one_of(
                 vec![
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, STRINGS.to_vec()),
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, BINARYS.to_vec()),
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, vec![DataType::BinaryView]),
+                    TypeSignature::Coercible(vec![Coercion::new_exact(
+                        TypeSignatureClass::Native(logical_binary()),
+                    )]),
+                    TypeSignature::Coercible(vec![Coercion::new_exact(
+                        TypeSignatureClass::Native(logical_string()),
+                    )]),
                 ],
                 Volatility::Immutable,
             ),

src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/vector_dim.rs

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 use std::fmt::Display;
 
 use datafusion::arrow::datatypes::DataType;
-use datafusion::logical_expr::ColumnarValue;
-use datafusion::logical_expr_common::type_coercion::aggregates::{BINARYS, STRINGS};
+use datafusion::logical_expr::{Coercion, ColumnarValue, TypeSignatureClass};
 use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
+use datafusion_common::types::{logical_binary, logical_string};
 use datafusion_expr::{ScalarFunctionArgs, Signature, TypeSignature, Volatility};
 
 use crate::function::Function;
@@ -49,8 +49,12 @@ impl Default for VectorDimFunction {
         Self {
             signature: Signature::one_of(
                 vec![
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, STRINGS.to_vec()),
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, BINARYS.to_vec()),
+                    TypeSignature::Coercible(vec![Coercion::new_exact(
+                        TypeSignatureClass::Native(logical_binary()),
+                    )]),
+                    TypeSignature::Coercible(vec![Coercion::new_exact(
+                        TypeSignatureClass::Native(logical_string()),
+                    )]),
                 ],
                 Volatility::Immutable,
             ),

src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/vector_norm.rs

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 use std::fmt::Display;
 
 use datafusion::arrow::datatypes::DataType;
-use datafusion::logical_expr::ColumnarValue;
-use datafusion::logical_expr_common::type_coercion::aggregates::{BINARYS, STRINGS};
+use datafusion::logical_expr::{Coercion, ColumnarValue, TypeSignatureClass};
 use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
+use datafusion_common::types::{logical_binary, logical_string};
 use datafusion_expr::{ScalarFunctionArgs, Signature, TypeSignature, Volatility};
 use nalgebra::DVectorView;
 
@@ -52,9 +52,12 @@ impl Default for VectorNormFunction {
         Self {
             signature: Signature::one_of(
                 vec![
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, STRINGS.to_vec()),
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, BINARYS.to_vec()),
-                    TypeSignature::Uniform(1, vec![DataType::BinaryView]),
+                    TypeSignature::Coercible(vec![Coercion::new_exact(
+                        TypeSignatureClass::Native(logical_binary()),
+                    )]),
+                    TypeSignature::Coercible(vec![Coercion::new_exact(
+                        TypeSignatureClass::Native(logical_string()),
+                    )]),
                 ],
                 Volatility::Immutable,
             ),

src/common/function/src/system/procedure_state.rs

@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(matches!(f.signature(),
                          datafusion_expr::Signature {
                              type_signature: datafusion_expr::TypeSignature::Uniform(1, valid_types),
-                             volatility: datafusion_expr::Volatility::Immutable
+                             volatility: datafusion_expr::Volatility::Immutable,
+                             ..
                          } if valid_types == &vec![ArrowDataType::Utf8]));
     }
 

src/common/grpc-expr/src/alter.rs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ use table::requests::{
 };
 
 use crate::error::{
-    ColumnNotFoundSnafu, InvalidColumnDefSnafu, InvalidIndexOptionSnafu,
+    self, ColumnNotFoundSnafu, InvalidColumnDefSnafu, InvalidIndexOptionSnafu,
     InvalidSetFulltextOptionRequestSnafu, InvalidSetSkippingIndexOptionRequestSnafu,
     InvalidSetTableOptionRequestSnafu, InvalidUnsetTableOptionRequestSnafu,
     MissingAlterIndexOptionSnafu, MissingFieldSnafu, MissingTableMetaSnafu,
@@ -251,6 +251,10 @@ pub fn alter_expr_to_request(
                 .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
             AlterKind::SetDefaults { defaults }
         }
+        Kind::Repartition(_) => error::UnexpectedSnafu {
+            err_msg: "Repartition operation should be handled through DdlManager and not converted to AlterTableRequest",
+        }
+        .fail()?,
     };
 
     let request = AlterTableRequest {

src/common/grpc-expr/src/error.rs

@@ -161,6 +161,13 @@ pub enum Error {
         #[snafu(implicit)]
         location: Location,
     },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Unexpected: {err_msg}"))]
+    Unexpected {
+        err_msg: String,
+        #[snafu(implicit)]
+        location: Location,
+    },
 }
 
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
@@ -188,6 +195,7 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             Error::ColumnNotFound { .. } => StatusCode::TableColumnNotFound,
             Error::SqlCommon { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
             Error::MissingTableMeta { .. } => StatusCode::Unexpected,
+            Error::Unexpected { .. } => StatusCode::Unexpected,
         }
     }
 

src/common/grpc/src/flight.rs

@@ -103,10 +103,11 @@ impl FlightEncoder {
             FlightMessage::RecordBatch(record_batch) => {
                 let (encoded_dictionaries, encoded_batch) = self
                     .data_gen
-                    .encoded_batch(
+                    .encode(
                         &record_batch,
                         &mut self.dictionary_tracker,
                         &self.write_options,
+                        &mut Default::default(),
                     )
                     .expect("DictionaryTracker configured above to not fail on replacement");
 

src/common/meta/src/ddl.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ use crate::node_manager::NodeManagerRef;
 use crate::region_keeper::MemoryRegionKeeperRef;
 use crate::region_registry::LeaderRegionRegistryRef;
 
+pub mod allocator;
 pub mod alter_database;
 pub mod alter_logical_tables;
 pub mod alter_table;
@@ -36,8 +37,7 @@ pub mod create_database;
 pub mod create_flow;
 pub mod create_logical_tables;
 pub mod create_table;
-mod create_table_template;
-pub(crate) use create_table_template::{CreateRequestBuilder, build_template_from_raw_table_info};
+pub(crate) use create_table::{CreateRequestBuilder, build_template_from_raw_table_info};
 pub mod create_view;
 pub mod drop_database;
 pub mod drop_flow;

src/common/meta/src/ddl/allocator.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub mod region_routes;
+pub mod resource_id;
+pub mod wal_options;

src/common/meta/src/ddl/allocator/region_routes.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use common_telemetry::debug;
+use store_api::storage::{RegionId, RegionNumber, TableId};
+
+use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::peer::PeerAllocator;
+use crate::rpc::router::{Region, RegionRoute};
+
+pub type RegionRoutesAllocatorRef = Arc<dyn RegionRoutesAllocator>;
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+pub trait RegionRoutesAllocator: Send + Sync {
+    async fn allocate(
+        &self,
+        table_id: TableId,
+        regions_and_partitions: &[(RegionNumber, &str)],
+    ) -> Result<Vec<RegionRoute>>;
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl<T: PeerAllocator> RegionRoutesAllocator for T {
+    async fn allocate(
+        &self,
+        table_id: TableId,
+        regions_and_partitions: &[(RegionNumber, &str)],
+    ) -> Result<Vec<RegionRoute>> {
+        let regions = regions_and_partitions.len().max(1);
+        let peers = self.alloc(regions).await?;
+        debug!("Allocated peers {:?} for table {}", peers, table_id,);
+
+        let mut region_routes = regions_and_partitions
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(i, (region_number, partition))| {
+                let region = Region {
+                    id: RegionId::new(table_id, *region_number),
+                    partition_expr: partition.to_string(),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                };
+
+                let peer = peers[i % peers.len()].clone();
+
+                RegionRoute {
+                    region,
+                    leader_peer: Some(peer),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                }
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        // If the table has no partitions, we need to create a default region.
+        if region_routes.is_empty() {
+            region_routes.push(RegionRoute {
+                region: Region {
+                    id: RegionId::new(table_id, 0),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                leader_peer: Some(peers[0].clone()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            });
+        }
+
+        Ok(region_routes)
+    }
+}

src/common/meta/src/ddl/allocator/resource_id.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::ops::Range;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use crate::error::Result;
+
+pub type ResourceIdAllocatorRef = Arc<dyn ResourceIdAllocator>;
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+pub trait ResourceIdAllocator: Send + Sync {
+    /// Returns the next value and increments the sequence.
+    async fn next(&self) -> Result<u64>;
+
+    /// Returns the current value stored in the remote storage without incrementing the sequence.
+    async fn peek(&self) -> Result<u64>;
+
+    /// Jumps to the given value.
+    async fn jump_to(&self, next: u64) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Returns the range of available sequences.
+    async fn min_max(&self) -> Range<u64>;
+}

src/common/meta/src/ddl/allocator/wal_options.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use store_api::storage::RegionNumber;
+
+use crate::error::Result;
+
+pub type WalOptionsAllocatorRef = Arc<dyn WalOptionsAllocator>;
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+pub trait WalOptionsAllocator: Send + Sync {
+    async fn allocate(
+        &self,
+        region_numbers: &[RegionNumber],
+        skip_wal: bool,
+    ) -> Result<HashMap<RegionNumber, String>>;
+}

src/common/meta/src/ddl/alter_table/region_request.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use snafu::OptionExt;
 use table::metadata::RawTableInfo;
 
 use crate::ddl::alter_table::AlterTableProcedure;
-use crate::error::{InvalidProtoMsgSnafu, Result};
+use crate::error::{self, InvalidProtoMsgSnafu, Result};
 
 impl AlterTableProcedure {
     /// Makes alter kind proto that all regions can reuse.
@@ -112,6 +112,10 @@ fn create_proto_alter_kind(
         Kind::UnsetIndexes(v) => Ok(Some(alter_request::Kind::UnsetIndexes(v.clone()))),
         Kind::DropDefaults(v) => Ok(Some(alter_request::Kind::DropDefaults(v.clone()))),
         Kind::SetDefaults(v) => Ok(Some(alter_request::Kind::SetDefaults(v.clone()))),
+        Kind::Repartition(_) => error::UnexpectedSnafu {
+            err_msg: "Repartition operation should be handled through DdlManager and not converted to AlterTableRequest",
+        }
+        .fail()?,
     }
 }
 

src/common/meta/src/ddl/create_logical_tables.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use snafu::ResultExt;
 use store_api::metadata::ColumnMetadata;
 use store_api::metric_engine_consts::ALTER_PHYSICAL_EXTENSION_KEY;
-use store_api::storage::{RegionId, RegionNumber};
+use store_api::storage::RegionNumber;
 use strum::AsRefStr;
 use table::metadata::{RawTableInfo, TableId};
 
@@ -286,14 +286,7 @@ impl CreateTablesData {
             .flat_map(|(task, table_id)| {
                 if table_id.is_none() {
                     let table_info = task.table_info.clone();
-                    let region_ids = self
-                        .physical_region_numbers
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|region_number| {
-                            RegionId::new(table_info.ident.table_id, *region_number)
-                        })
-                        .collect();
-                    let table_route = TableRouteValue::logical(self.physical_table_id, region_ids);
+                    let table_route = TableRouteValue::logical(self.physical_table_id);
                     Some((table_info, table_route))
                 } else {
                     None

src/common/meta/src/ddl/create_logical_tables/region_request.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use store_api::storage::{RegionId, TableId};
 use table::metadata::RawTableInfo;
 
 use crate::ddl::create_logical_tables::CreateLogicalTablesProcedure;
-use crate::ddl::create_table_template::{
+use crate::ddl::create_table::template::{
     CreateRequestBuilder, build_template, build_template_from_raw_table_info,
 };
 use crate::ddl::utils::region_storage_path;
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ pub fn create_region_request_builder(
 
 /// Builds a [CreateRequestBuilder] from a [RawTableInfo].
 ///
-/// Note: **This method is only used for creating logical tables.**
+/// Note: This function is primarily intended for creating logical tables or allocating placeholder regions.
 pub fn create_region_request_builder_from_raw_table_info(
     raw_table_info: &RawTableInfo,
     physical_table_id: TableId,

src/common/meta/src/ddl/create_table.rs

@@ -12,74 +12,99 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+pub mod executor;
+pub mod template;
+
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use api::v1::region::region_request::Body as PbRegionRequest;
-use api::v1::region::{RegionRequest, RegionRequestHeader};
+use api::v1::CreateTableExpr;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
 use common_procedure::error::{
     ExternalSnafu, FromJsonSnafu, Result as ProcedureResult, ToJsonSnafu,
 };
 use common_procedure::{Context as ProcedureContext, LockKey, Procedure, ProcedureId, Status};
-use common_telemetry::tracing_context::TracingContext;
-use common_telemetry::{info, warn};
-use futures::future::join_all;
+use common_telemetry::info;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt, ensure};
+use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
 use store_api::metadata::ColumnMetadata;
-use store_api::metric_engine_consts::TABLE_COLUMN_METADATA_EXTENSION_KEY;
-use store_api::storage::{RegionId, RegionNumber};
+use store_api::storage::RegionNumber;
 use strum::AsRefStr;
 use table::metadata::{RawTableInfo, TableId};
+use table::table_name::TableName;
 use table::table_reference::TableReference;
+pub(crate) use template::{CreateRequestBuilder, build_template_from_raw_table_info};
 
-use crate::ddl::create_table_template::{CreateRequestBuilder, build_template};
-use crate::ddl::utils::raw_table_info::update_table_info_column_ids;
-use crate::ddl::utils::{
-    add_peer_context_if_needed, convert_region_routes_to_detecting_regions,
-    extract_column_metadatas, map_to_procedure_error, region_storage_path,
-};
+use crate::ddl::create_table::executor::CreateTableExecutor;
+use crate::ddl::create_table::template::build_template;
+use crate::ddl::utils::map_to_procedure_error;
 use crate::ddl::{DdlContext, TableMetadata};
 use crate::error::{self, Result};
-use crate::key::table_name::TableNameKey;
-use crate::key::table_route::{PhysicalTableRouteValue, TableRouteValue};
+use crate::key::table_route::PhysicalTableRouteValue;
 use crate::lock_key::{CatalogLock, SchemaLock, TableNameLock};
 use crate::metrics;
 use crate::region_keeper::OperatingRegionGuard;
 use crate::rpc::ddl::CreateTableTask;
-use crate::rpc::router::{
-    RegionRoute, find_leader_regions, find_leaders, operating_leader_regions,
-};
+use crate::rpc::router::{RegionRoute, operating_leader_regions};
+
 pub struct CreateTableProcedure {
     pub context: DdlContext,
-    pub creator: TableCreator,
+    /// The serializable data.
+    pub data: CreateTableData,
+    /// The guards of opening.
+    pub opening_regions: Vec<OperatingRegionGuard>,
+    /// The executor of the procedure.
+    pub executor: CreateTableExecutor,
+}
+
+fn build_executor_from_create_table_data(
+    create_table_expr: &CreateTableExpr,
+) -> Result<CreateTableExecutor> {
+    let template = build_template(create_table_expr)?;
+    let builder = CreateRequestBuilder::new(template, None);
+    let table_name = TableName::new(
+        create_table_expr.catalog_name.clone(),
+        create_table_expr.schema_name.clone(),
+        create_table_expr.table_name.clone(),
+    );
+    let executor =
+        CreateTableExecutor::new(table_name, create_table_expr.create_if_not_exists, builder);
+    Ok(executor)
 }
 
 impl CreateTableProcedure {
     pub const TYPE_NAME: &'static str = "metasrv-procedure::CreateTable";
 
-    pub fn new(task: CreateTableTask, context: DdlContext) -> Self {
-        Self {
+    pub fn new(task: CreateTableTask, context: DdlContext) -> Result<Self> {
+        let executor = build_executor_from_create_table_data(&task.create_table)?;
+
+        Ok(Self {
             context,
-            creator: TableCreator::new(task),
-        }
+            data: CreateTableData::new(task),
+            opening_regions: vec![],
+            executor,
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn from_json(json: &str, context: DdlContext) -> ProcedureResult<Self> {
-        let data = serde_json::from_str(json).context(FromJsonSnafu)?;
+        let data: CreateTableData = serde_json::from_str(json).context(FromJsonSnafu)?;
+        let create_table_expr = &data.task.create_table;
+        let executor = build_executor_from_create_table_data(create_table_expr)
+            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+            .context(ExternalSnafu {
+                clean_poisons: false,
+            })?;
 
         Ok(CreateTableProcedure {
             context,
-            creator: TableCreator {
-                data,
-                opening_regions: vec![],
-            },
+            data,
+            opening_regions: vec![],
+            executor,
         })
     }
 
     fn table_info(&self) -> &RawTableInfo {
-        &self.creator.data.task.table_info
+        &self.data.task.table_info
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn table_id(&self) -> TableId {
@@ -87,8 +112,7 @@ impl CreateTableProcedure {
     }
 
     fn region_wal_options(&self) -> Result<&HashMap<RegionNumber, String>> {
-        self.creator
-            .data
+        self.data
             .region_wal_options
             .as_ref()
             .context(error::UnexpectedSnafu {
@@ -97,8 +121,7 @@ impl CreateTableProcedure {
     }
 
     fn table_route(&self) -> Result<&PhysicalTableRouteValue> {
-        self.creator
-            .data
+        self.data
             .table_route
             .as_ref()
             .context(error::UnexpectedSnafu {
@@ -106,17 +129,6 @@ impl CreateTableProcedure {
             })
     }
 
-    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "testing"))]
-    pub fn set_allocated_metadata(
-        &mut self,
-        table_id: TableId,
-        table_route: PhysicalTableRouteValue,
-        region_wal_options: HashMap<RegionNumber, String>,
-    ) {
-        self.creator
-            .set_allocated_metadata(table_id, table_route, region_wal_options)
-    }
-
     /// On the prepare step, it performs:
     /// - Checks whether the table exists.
     /// - Allocates the table id.
@@ -125,31 +137,16 @@ impl CreateTableProcedure {
     /// - TableName exists and `create_if_not_exists` is false.
     /// - Failed to allocate [TableMetadata].
     pub(crate) async fn on_prepare(&mut self) -> Result<Status> {
-        let expr = &self.creator.data.task.create_table;
-        let table_name_value = self
-            .context
-            .table_metadata_manager
-            .table_name_manager()
-            .get(TableNameKey::new(
-                &expr.catalog_name,
-                &expr.schema_name,
-                &expr.table_name,
-            ))
+        let table_id = self
+            .executor
+            .on_prepare(&self.context.table_metadata_manager)
             .await?;
-
-        if let Some(value) = table_name_value {
-            ensure!(
-                expr.create_if_not_exists,
-                error::TableAlreadyExistsSnafu {
-                    table_name: self.creator.data.table_ref().to_string(),
-                }
-            );
-
-            let table_id = value.table_id();
+        // Return the table id if the table already exists.
+        if let Some(table_id) = table_id {
             return Ok(Status::done_with_output(table_id));
         }
 
-        self.creator.data.state = CreateTableState::DatanodeCreateRegions;
+        self.data.state = CreateTableState::DatanodeCreateRegions;
         let TableMetadata {
             table_id,
             table_route,
@@ -157,23 +154,13 @@ impl CreateTableProcedure {
         } = self
             .context
             .table_metadata_allocator
-            .create(&self.creator.data.task)
+            .create(&self.data.task)
             .await?;
-        self.creator
-            .set_allocated_metadata(table_id, table_route, region_wal_options);
+        self.set_allocated_metadata(table_id, table_route, region_wal_options);
 
         Ok(Status::executing(true))
     }
 
-    pub fn new_region_request_builder(
-        &self,
-        physical_table_id: Option<TableId>,
-    ) -> Result<CreateRequestBuilder> {
-        let create_table_expr = &self.creator.data.task.create_table;
-        let template = build_template(create_table_expr)?;
-        Ok(CreateRequestBuilder::new(template, physical_table_id))
-    }
-
     /// Creates regions on datanodes
     ///
     /// Abort(non-retry):
@@ -187,90 +174,29 @@ impl CreateTableProcedure {
     ///   - [Code::Unavailable](tonic::status::Code::Unavailable)
     pub async fn on_datanode_create_regions(&mut self) -> Result<Status> {
         let table_route = self.table_route()?.clone();
-        let request_builder = self.new_region_request_builder(None)?;
         // Registers opening regions
-        let guards = self
-            .creator
-            .register_opening_regions(&self.context, &table_route.region_routes)?;
+        let guards = self.register_opening_regions(&self.context, &table_route.region_routes)?;
         if !guards.is_empty() {
-            self.creator.opening_regions = guards;
+            self.opening_regions = guards;
         }
-        self.create_regions(&table_route.region_routes, request_builder)
-            .await
+        self.create_regions(&table_route.region_routes).await
     }
 
-    async fn create_regions(
-        &mut self,
-        region_routes: &[RegionRoute],
-        request_builder: CreateRequestBuilder,
-    ) -> Result<Status> {
-        let create_table_data = &self.creator.data;
-        // Safety: the region_wal_options must be allocated
+    async fn create_regions(&mut self, region_routes: &[RegionRoute]) -> Result<Status> {
+        let table_id = self.table_id();
         let region_wal_options = self.region_wal_options()?;
-        let create_table_expr = &create_table_data.task.create_table;
-        let catalog = &create_table_expr.catalog_name;
-        let schema = &create_table_expr.schema_name;
-        let storage_path = region_storage_path(catalog, schema);
-        let leaders = find_leaders(region_routes);
-        let mut create_region_tasks = Vec::with_capacity(leaders.len());
+        let column_metadatas = self
+            .executor
+            .on_create_regions(
+                &self.context.node_manager,
+                table_id,
+                region_routes,
+                region_wal_options,
+            )
+            .await?;
 
-        let partition_exprs = region_routes
-            .iter()
-            .map(|r| (r.region.id.region_number(), r.region.partition_expr()))
-            .collect();
-
-        for datanode in leaders {
-            let requester = self.context.node_manager.datanode(&datanode).await;
-
-            let regions = find_leader_regions(region_routes, &datanode);
-            let mut requests = Vec::with_capacity(regions.len());
-            for region_number in regions {
-                let region_id = RegionId::new(self.table_id(), region_number);
-                let create_region_request = request_builder.build_one(
-                    region_id,
-                    storage_path.clone(),
-                    region_wal_options,
-                    &partition_exprs,
-                );
-                requests.push(PbRegionRequest::Create(create_region_request));
-            }
-
-            for request in requests {
-                let request = RegionRequest {
-                    header: Some(RegionRequestHeader {
-                        tracing_context: TracingContext::from_current_span().to_w3c(),
-                        ..Default::default()
-                    }),
-                    body: Some(request),
-                };
-
-                let datanode = datanode.clone();
-                let requester = requester.clone();
-                create_region_tasks.push(async move {
-                    requester
-                        .handle(request)
-                        .await
-                        .map_err(add_peer_context_if_needed(datanode))
-                });
-            }
-        }
-
-        let mut results = join_all(create_region_tasks)
-            .await
-            .into_iter()
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
-
-        if let Some(column_metadatas) =
-            extract_column_metadatas(&mut results, TABLE_COLUMN_METADATA_EXTENSION_KEY)?
-        {
-            self.creator.data.column_metadatas = column_metadatas;
-        } else {
-            warn!(
-                "creating table result doesn't contains extension key `{TABLE_COLUMN_METADATA_EXTENSION_KEY}`,leaving the table's column metadata unchanged"
-            );
-        }
-
-        self.creator.data.state = CreateTableState::CreateMetadata;
+        self.data.column_metadatas = column_metadatas;
+        self.data.state = CreateTableState::CreateMetadata;
         Ok(Status::executing(true))
     }
 
@@ -280,107 +206,33 @@ impl CreateTableProcedure {
     /// - Failed to create table metadata.
     async fn on_create_metadata(&mut self, pid: ProcedureId) -> Result<Status> {
         let table_id = self.table_id();
-        let table_ref = self.creator.data.table_ref();
+        let table_ref = self.data.table_ref();
         let manager = &self.context.table_metadata_manager;
 
-        let mut raw_table_info = self.table_info().clone();
-        if !self.creator.data.column_metadatas.is_empty() {
-            update_table_info_column_ids(&mut raw_table_info, &self.creator.data.column_metadatas);
-        }
+        let raw_table_info = self.table_info().clone();
         // Safety: the region_wal_options must be allocated.
         let region_wal_options = self.region_wal_options()?.clone();
         // Safety: the table_route must be allocated.
         let physical_table_route = self.table_route()?.clone();
-        let detecting_regions =
-            convert_region_routes_to_detecting_regions(&physical_table_route.region_routes);
-        let table_route = TableRouteValue::Physical(physical_table_route);
-        manager
-            .create_table_metadata(raw_table_info, table_route, region_wal_options)
+        self.executor
+            .on_create_metadata(
+                manager,
+                &self.context.region_failure_detector_controller,
+                raw_table_info,
+                &self.data.column_metadatas,
+                physical_table_route,
+                region_wal_options,
+            )
             .await?;
-        self.context
-            .register_failure_detectors(detecting_regions)
-            .await;
+
         info!(
             "Successfully created table: {}, table_id: {}, procedure_id: {}",
             table_ref, table_id, pid
         );
 
-        self.creator.opening_regions.clear();
+        self.opening_regions.clear();
         Ok(Status::done_with_output(table_id))
     }
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl Procedure for CreateTableProcedure {
-    fn type_name(&self) -> &str {
-        Self::TYPE_NAME
-    }
-
-    fn recover(&mut self) -> ProcedureResult<()> {
-        // Only registers regions if the table route is allocated.
-        if let Some(x) = &self.creator.data.table_route {
-            self.creator.opening_regions = self
-                .creator
-                .register_opening_regions(&self.context, &x.region_routes)
-                .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-                .context(ExternalSnafu {
-                    clean_poisons: false,
-                })?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn execute(&mut self, ctx: &ProcedureContext) -> ProcedureResult<Status> {
-        let state = &self.creator.data.state;
-
-        let _timer = metrics::METRIC_META_PROCEDURE_CREATE_TABLE
-            .with_label_values(&[state.as_ref()])
-            .start_timer();
-
-        match state {
-            CreateTableState::Prepare => self.on_prepare().await,
-            CreateTableState::DatanodeCreateRegions => self.on_datanode_create_regions().await,
-            CreateTableState::CreateMetadata => self.on_create_metadata(ctx.procedure_id).await,
-        }
-        .map_err(map_to_procedure_error)
-    }
-
-    fn dump(&self) -> ProcedureResult<String> {
-        serde_json::to_string(&self.creator.data).context(ToJsonSnafu)
-    }
-
-    fn lock_key(&self) -> LockKey {
-        let table_ref = &self.creator.data.table_ref();
-
-        LockKey::new(vec![
-            CatalogLock::Read(table_ref.catalog).into(),
-            SchemaLock::read(table_ref.catalog, table_ref.schema).into(),
-            TableNameLock::new(table_ref.catalog, table_ref.schema, table_ref.table).into(),
-        ])
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct TableCreator {
-    /// The serializable data.
-    pub data: CreateTableData,
-    /// The guards of opening.
-    pub opening_regions: Vec<OperatingRegionGuard>,
-}
-
-impl TableCreator {
-    pub fn new(task: CreateTableTask) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            data: CreateTableData {
-                state: CreateTableState::Prepare,
-                column_metadatas: vec![],
-                task,
-                table_route: None,
-                region_wal_options: None,
-            },
-            opening_regions: vec![],
-        }
-    }
 
     /// Registers and returns the guards of the opening region if they don't exist.
     fn register_opening_regions(
@@ -389,7 +241,6 @@ impl TableCreator {
         region_routes: &[RegionRoute],
     ) -> Result<Vec<OperatingRegionGuard>> {
         let opening_regions = operating_leader_regions(region_routes);
-
         if self.opening_regions.len() == opening_regions.len() {
             return Ok(vec![]);
         }
@@ -409,7 +260,7 @@ impl TableCreator {
         Ok(opening_region_guards)
     }
 
-    fn set_allocated_metadata(
+    pub fn set_allocated_metadata(
         &mut self,
         table_id: TableId,
         table_route: PhysicalTableRouteValue,
@@ -421,6 +272,56 @@ impl TableCreator {
     }
 }
 
+#[async_trait]
+impl Procedure for CreateTableProcedure {
+    fn type_name(&self) -> &str {
+        Self::TYPE_NAME
+    }
+
+    fn recover(&mut self) -> ProcedureResult<()> {
+        // Only registers regions if the table route is allocated.
+        if let Some(x) = &self.data.table_route {
+            self.opening_regions = self
+                .register_opening_regions(&self.context, &x.region_routes)
+                .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+                .context(ExternalSnafu {
+                    clean_poisons: false,
+                })?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn execute(&mut self, ctx: &ProcedureContext) -> ProcedureResult<Status> {
+        let state = &self.data.state;
+
+        let _timer = metrics::METRIC_META_PROCEDURE_CREATE_TABLE
+            .with_label_values(&[state.as_ref()])
+            .start_timer();
+
+        match state {
+            CreateTableState::Prepare => self.on_prepare().await,
+            CreateTableState::DatanodeCreateRegions => self.on_datanode_create_regions().await,
+            CreateTableState::CreateMetadata => self.on_create_metadata(ctx.procedure_id).await,
+        }
+        .map_err(map_to_procedure_error)
+    }
+
+    fn dump(&self) -> ProcedureResult<String> {
+        serde_json::to_string(&self.data).context(ToJsonSnafu)
+    }
+
+    fn lock_key(&self) -> LockKey {
+        let table_ref = &self.data.table_ref();
+
+        LockKey::new(vec![
+            CatalogLock::Read(table_ref.catalog).into(),
+            SchemaLock::read(table_ref.catalog, table_ref.schema).into(),
+            TableNameLock::new(table_ref.catalog, table_ref.schema, table_ref.table).into(),
+        ])
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, AsRefStr, PartialEq)]
 pub enum CreateTableState {
     /// Prepares to create the table
@@ -444,6 +345,16 @@ pub struct CreateTableData {
 }
 
 impl CreateTableData {
+    pub fn new(task: CreateTableTask) -> Self {
+        CreateTableData {
+            state: CreateTableState::Prepare,
+            column_metadatas: vec![],
+            task,
+            table_route: None,
+            region_wal_options: None,
+        }
+    }
+
     fn table_ref(&self) -> TableReference<'_> {
         self.task.table_ref()
     }

src/common/meta/src/ddl/create_table/executor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use api::v1::region::region_request::Body as PbRegionRequest;
+use api::v1::region::{RegionRequest, RegionRequestHeader};
+use common_telemetry::tracing_context::TracingContext;
+use common_telemetry::warn;
+use futures::future::join_all;
+use snafu::ensure;
+use store_api::metadata::ColumnMetadata;
+use store_api::metric_engine_consts::TABLE_COLUMN_METADATA_EXTENSION_KEY;
+use store_api::storage::{RegionId, RegionNumber};
+use table::metadata::{RawTableInfo, TableId};
+use table::table_name::TableName;
+
+use crate::ddl::utils::raw_table_info::update_table_info_column_ids;
+use crate::ddl::utils::{
+    add_peer_context_if_needed, convert_region_routes_to_detecting_regions,
+    extract_column_metadatas, region_storage_path,
+};
+use crate::ddl::{CreateRequestBuilder, RegionFailureDetectorControllerRef};
+use crate::error::{self, Result};
+use crate::key::TableMetadataManagerRef;
+use crate::key::table_name::TableNameKey;
+use crate::key::table_route::{PhysicalTableRouteValue, TableRouteValue};
+use crate::node_manager::NodeManagerRef;
+use crate::rpc::router::{RegionRoute, find_leader_regions, find_leaders};
+
+/// [CreateTableExecutor] performs:
+/// - Creates the metadata of the table.
+/// - Creates the regions on the Datanode nodes.
+pub struct CreateTableExecutor {
+    create_if_not_exists: bool,
+    table_name: TableName,
+    builder: CreateRequestBuilder,
+}
+
+impl CreateTableExecutor {
+    /// Creates a new [`CreateTableExecutor`].
+    pub fn new(
+        table_name: TableName,
+        create_if_not_exists: bool,
+        builder: CreateRequestBuilder,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            create_if_not_exists,
+            table_name,
+            builder,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// On the prepare step, it performs:
+    /// - Checks whether the table exists.
+    /// - Returns the table id if the table exists.
+    ///
+    /// Abort(non-retry):
+    /// - Table exists and `create_if_not_exists` is `false`.
+    /// - Failed to get the table name value.
+    pub async fn on_prepare(
+        &self,
+        table_metadata_manager: &TableMetadataManagerRef,
+    ) -> Result<Option<TableId>> {
+        let table_name_value = table_metadata_manager
+            .table_name_manager()
+            .get(TableNameKey::new(
+                &self.table_name.catalog_name,
+                &self.table_name.schema_name,
+                &self.table_name.table_name,
+            ))
+            .await?;
+
+        if let Some(value) = table_name_value {
+            ensure!(
+                self.create_if_not_exists,
+                error::TableAlreadyExistsSnafu {
+                    table_name: self.table_name.to_string(),
+                }
+            );
+
+            return Ok(Some(value.table_id()));
+        }
+
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn on_create_regions(
+        &self,
+        node_manager: &NodeManagerRef,
+        table_id: TableId,
+        region_routes: &[RegionRoute],
+        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, String>,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<ColumnMetadata>> {
+        let storage_path =
+            region_storage_path(&self.table_name.catalog_name, &self.table_name.schema_name);
+        let leaders = find_leaders(region_routes);
+        let mut create_region_tasks = Vec::with_capacity(leaders.len());
+        let partition_exprs = region_routes
+            .iter()
+            .map(|r| (r.region.id.region_number(), r.region.partition_expr()))
+            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+
+        for datanode in leaders {
+            let requester = node_manager.datanode(&datanode).await;
+
+            let regions = find_leader_regions(region_routes, &datanode);
+            let mut requests = Vec::with_capacity(regions.len());
+            for region_number in regions {
+                let region_id = RegionId::new(table_id, region_number);
+                let create_region_request = self.builder.build_one(
+                    region_id,
+                    storage_path.clone(),
+                    region_wal_options,
+                    &partition_exprs,
+                );
+                requests.push(PbRegionRequest::Create(create_region_request));
+            }
+
+            for request in requests {
+                let request = RegionRequest {
+                    header: Some(RegionRequestHeader {
+                        tracing_context: TracingContext::from_current_span().to_w3c(),
+                        ..Default::default()
+                    }),
+                    body: Some(request),
+                };
+
+                let datanode = datanode.clone();
+                let requester = requester.clone();
+                create_region_tasks.push(async move {
+                    requester
+                        .handle(request)
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(add_peer_context_if_needed(datanode))
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut results = join_all(create_region_tasks)
+            .await
+            .into_iter()
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+
+        let column_metadatas = if let Some(column_metadatas) =
+            extract_column_metadatas(&mut results, TABLE_COLUMN_METADATA_EXTENSION_KEY)?
+        {
+            column_metadatas
+        } else {
+            warn!(
+                "creating table result doesn't contains extension key `{TABLE_COLUMN_METADATA_EXTENSION_KEY}`,leaving the table's column metadata unchanged"
+            );
+            vec![]
+        };
+
+        Ok(column_metadatas)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates table metadata
+    ///
+    /// Abort(non-retry):
+    /// - Failed to create table metadata.
+    pub async fn on_create_metadata(
+        &self,
+        table_metadata_manager: &TableMetadataManagerRef,
+        region_failure_detector_controller: &RegionFailureDetectorControllerRef,
+        mut raw_table_info: RawTableInfo,
+        column_metadatas: &[ColumnMetadata],
+        table_route: PhysicalTableRouteValue,
+        region_wal_options: HashMap<RegionNumber, String>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        if !column_metadatas.is_empty() {
+            update_table_info_column_ids(&mut raw_table_info, column_metadatas);
+        }
+        let detecting_regions =
+            convert_region_routes_to_detecting_regions(&table_route.region_routes);
+        let table_route = TableRouteValue::Physical(table_route);
+        table_metadata_manager
+            .create_table_metadata(raw_table_info, table_route, region_wal_options)
+            .await?;
+        region_failure_detector_controller
+            .register_failure_detectors(detecting_regions)
+            .await;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the builder of the executor.
+    pub fn builder(&self) -> &CreateRequestBuilder {
+        &self.builder
+    }
+}

src/common/meta/src/ddl/create_table/template.rs

@@ -20,19 +20,17 @@ use api::v1::region::{CreateRequest, RegionColumnDef};
 use api::v1::{ColumnDef, CreateTableExpr, SemanticType};
 use common_telemetry::warn;
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
-use store_api::metric_engine_consts::{LOGICAL_TABLE_METADATA_KEY, METRIC_ENGINE_NAME};
+use store_api::metric_engine_consts::LOGICAL_TABLE_METADATA_KEY;
 use store_api::storage::{RegionId, RegionNumber};
 use table::metadata::{RawTableInfo, TableId};
 
 use crate::error::{self, Result};
-use crate::wal_options_allocator::prepare_wal_options;
+use crate::wal_provider::prepare_wal_options;
 
-/// Builds a [CreateRequest] from a [RawTableInfo].
+/// Constructs a [CreateRequest] based on the provided [RawTableInfo].
 ///
-/// Note: **This method is only used for creating logical tables.**
-pub(crate) fn build_template_from_raw_table_info(
-    raw_table_info: &RawTableInfo,
-) -> Result<CreateRequest> {
+/// Note: This function is primarily intended for creating logical tables or allocating placeholder regions.
+pub fn build_template_from_raw_table_info(raw_table_info: &RawTableInfo) -> Result<CreateRequest> {
     let primary_key_indices = &raw_table_info.meta.primary_key_indices;
     let column_defs = raw_table_info
         .meta
@@ -57,7 +55,7 @@ pub(crate) fn build_template_from_raw_table_info(
     let options = HashMap::from(&raw_table_info.meta.options);
     let template = CreateRequest {
         region_id: 0,
-        engine: METRIC_ENGINE_NAME.to_string(),
+        engine: raw_table_info.meta.engine.clone(),
         column_defs,
         primary_key: primary_key_indices.iter().map(|i| *i as u32).collect(),
         path: String::new(),
@@ -138,7 +136,7 @@ pub struct CreateRequestBuilder {
 }
 
 impl CreateRequestBuilder {
-    pub(crate) fn new(template: CreateRequest, physical_table_id: Option<TableId>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(template: CreateRequest, physical_table_id: Option<TableId>) -> Self {
         Self {
             template,
             physical_table_id,

src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_database/executor.rs

@@ -120,7 +120,13 @@ impl State for DropDatabaseExecutor {
             .await?;
         executor.invalidate_table_cache(ddl_ctx).await?;
         executor
-            .on_drop_regions(ddl_ctx, &self.physical_region_routes, true)
+            .on_drop_regions(
+                &ddl_ctx.node_manager,
+                &ddl_ctx.leader_region_registry,
+                &self.physical_region_routes,
+                true,
+                false,
+            )
             .await?;
         info!("Table: {}({}) is dropped", self.table_name, self.table_id);
 

src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_table.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-pub(crate) mod executor;
+pub mod executor;
 mod metadata;
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
@@ -156,7 +156,13 @@ impl DropTableProcedure {
 
     pub async fn on_datanode_drop_regions(&mut self) -> Result<Status> {
         self.executor
-            .on_drop_regions(&self.context, &self.data.physical_region_routes, false)
+            .on_drop_regions(
+                &self.context.node_manager,
+                &self.context.leader_region_registry,
+                &self.data.physical_region_routes,
+                false,
+                false,
+            )
             .await?;
         self.data.state = DropTableState::DeleteTombstone;
         Ok(Status::executing(true))

src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_table/executor.rs

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ use crate::error::{self, Result};
 use crate::instruction::CacheIdent;
 use crate::key::table_name::TableNameKey;
 use crate::key::table_route::TableRouteValue;
+use crate::node_manager::NodeManagerRef;
+use crate::region_registry::LeaderRegionRegistryRef;
 use crate::rpc::router::{
     RegionRoute, find_follower_regions, find_followers, find_leader_regions, find_leaders,
     operating_leader_regions,
@@ -212,16 +214,18 @@ impl DropTableExecutor {
     /// Drops region on datanode.
     pub async fn on_drop_regions(
         &self,
-        ctx: &DdlContext,
+        node_manager: &NodeManagerRef,
+        leader_region_registry: &LeaderRegionRegistryRef,
         region_routes: &[RegionRoute],
         fast_path: bool,
+        force: bool,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         // Drops leader regions on datanodes.
         let leaders = find_leaders(region_routes);
         let mut drop_region_tasks = Vec::with_capacity(leaders.len());
         let table_id = self.table_id;
         for datanode in leaders {
-            let requester = ctx.node_manager.datanode(&datanode).await;
+            let requester = node_manager.datanode(&datanode).await;
             let regions = find_leader_regions(region_routes, &datanode);
             let region_ids = regions
                 .iter()
@@ -238,6 +242,7 @@ impl DropTableExecutor {
                     body: Some(region_request::Body::Drop(PbDropRegionRequest {
                         region_id: region_id.as_u64(),
                         fast_path,
+                        force,
                     })),
                 };
                 let datanode = datanode.clone();
@@ -262,7 +267,7 @@ impl DropTableExecutor {
         let followers = find_followers(region_routes);
         let mut close_region_tasks = Vec::with_capacity(followers.len());
         for datanode in followers {
-            let requester = ctx.node_manager.datanode(&datanode).await;
+            let requester = node_manager.datanode(&datanode).await;
             let regions = find_follower_regions(region_routes, &datanode);
             let region_ids = regions
                 .iter()
@@ -307,8 +312,7 @@ impl DropTableExecutor {
 
         // Deletes the leader region from registry.
         let region_ids = operating_leader_regions(region_routes);
-        ctx.leader_region_registry
-            .batch_delete(region_ids.into_iter().map(|(region_id, _)| region_id));
+        leader_region_registry.batch_delete(region_ids.into_iter().map(|(region_id, _)| region_id));
 
         Ok(())
     }

src/common/meta/src/ddl/table_meta.rs

@@ -17,47 +17,47 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use common_telemetry::{debug, info};
 use snafu::ensure;
-use store_api::storage::{RegionId, RegionNumber, TableId};
+use store_api::storage::{RegionNumber, TableId};
 
 use crate::ddl::TableMetadata;
+use crate::ddl::allocator::region_routes::RegionRoutesAllocatorRef;
+use crate::ddl::allocator::resource_id::ResourceIdAllocatorRef;
+use crate::ddl::allocator::wal_options::WalOptionsAllocatorRef;
 use crate::error::{Result, UnsupportedSnafu};
 use crate::key::table_route::PhysicalTableRouteValue;
 use crate::peer::{NoopPeerAllocator, PeerAllocatorRef};
 use crate::rpc::ddl::CreateTableTask;
-use crate::rpc::router::{Region, RegionRoute};
-use crate::sequence::SequenceRef;
-use crate::wal_options_allocator::{WalOptionsAllocatorRef, allocate_region_wal_options};
 
 pub type TableMetadataAllocatorRef = Arc<TableMetadataAllocator>;
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct TableMetadataAllocator {
-    table_id_sequence: SequenceRef,
+    table_id_allocator: ResourceIdAllocatorRef,
     wal_options_allocator: WalOptionsAllocatorRef,
-    peer_allocator: PeerAllocatorRef,
+    region_routes_allocator: RegionRoutesAllocatorRef,
 }
 
 impl TableMetadataAllocator {
     pub fn new(
-        table_id_sequence: SequenceRef,
+        table_id_allocator: ResourceIdAllocatorRef,
         wal_options_allocator: WalOptionsAllocatorRef,
     ) -> Self {
         Self::with_peer_allocator(
-            table_id_sequence,
+            table_id_allocator,
             wal_options_allocator,
             Arc::new(NoopPeerAllocator),
         )
     }
 
     pub fn with_peer_allocator(
-        table_id_sequence: SequenceRef,
+        table_id_allocator: ResourceIdAllocatorRef,
         wal_options_allocator: WalOptionsAllocatorRef,
         peer_allocator: PeerAllocatorRef,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
-            table_id_sequence,
+            table_id_allocator,
             wal_options_allocator,
-            peer_allocator,
+            region_routes_allocator: Arc::new(peer_allocator) as _,
         }
     }
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ impl TableMetadataAllocator {
 
             ensure!(
                 !self
-                    .table_id_sequence
+                    .table_id_allocator
                     .min_max()
                     .await
                     .contains(&(table_id as u64)),
@@ -89,65 +89,35 @@ impl TableMetadataAllocator {
 
             table_id
         } else {
-            self.table_id_sequence.next().await? as TableId
+            self.table_id_allocator.next().await? as TableId
         };
         Ok(table_id)
     }
 
-    fn create_wal_options(
+    async fn create_wal_options(
         &self,
-        table_route: &PhysicalTableRouteValue,
+        region_numbers: &[RegionNumber],
         skip_wal: bool,
     ) -> Result<HashMap<RegionNumber, String>> {
-        let region_numbers = table_route
-            .region_routes
-            .iter()
-            .map(|route| route.region.id.region_number())
-            .collect();
-        allocate_region_wal_options(region_numbers, &self.wal_options_allocator, skip_wal)
+        self.wal_options_allocator
+            .allocate(region_numbers, skip_wal)
+            .await
     }
 
     async fn create_table_route(
         &self,
         table_id: TableId,
-        task: &CreateTableTask,
+        partition_exprs: &[&str],
     ) -> Result<PhysicalTableRouteValue> {
-        let regions = task.partitions.len().max(1);
-        let peers = self.peer_allocator.alloc(regions).await?;
-        debug!("Allocated peers {:?} for table {}", peers, table_id);
-
-        let mut region_routes = task
-            .partitions
+        let region_number_and_partition_exprs = partition_exprs
             .iter()
             .enumerate()
-            .map(|(i, partition)| {
-                let region = Region {
-                    id: RegionId::new(table_id, i as u32),
-                    partition_expr: partition.expression.clone(),
-                    ..Default::default()
-                };
-
-                let peer = peers[i % peers.len()].clone();
-
-                RegionRoute {
-                    region,
-                    leader_peer: Some(peer),
-                    ..Default::default()
-                }
-            })
+            .map(|(i, partition)| (i as u32, *partition))
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-        // If the table has no partitions, we need to create a default region.
-        if region_routes.is_empty() {
-            region_routes.push(RegionRoute {
-                region: Region {
-                    id: RegionId::new(table_id, 0),
-                    ..Default::default()
-                },
-                leader_peer: Some(peers[0].clone()),
-                ..Default::default()
-            });
-        }
+        let region_routes = self
+            .region_routes_allocator
+            .allocate(table_id, &region_number_and_partition_exprs)
+            .await?;
 
         Ok(PhysicalTableRouteValue::new(region_routes))
     }
@@ -164,10 +134,20 @@ impl TableMetadataAllocator {
 
     pub async fn create(&self, task: &CreateTableTask) -> Result<TableMetadata> {
         let table_id = self.allocate_table_id(&task.create_table.table_id).await?;
-        let table_route = self.create_table_route(table_id, task).await?;
-
-        let region_wal_options =
-            self.create_wal_options(&table_route, task.table_info.meta.options.skip_wal)?;
+        let partition_exprs = task
+            .partitions
+            .iter()
+            .map(|p| p.expression.as_str())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let table_route = self.create_table_route(table_id, &partition_exprs).await?;
+        let region_numbers = table_route
+            .region_routes
+            .iter()
+            .map(|route| route.region.id.region_number())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let region_wal_options = self
+            .create_wal_options(&region_numbers, task.table_info.meta.options.skip_wal)
+            .await?;
 
         debug!(
             "Allocated region wal options {:?} for table {}",
@@ -181,7 +161,18 @@ impl TableMetadataAllocator {
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn table_id_sequence(&self) -> SequenceRef {
-        self.table_id_sequence.clone()
+    /// Returns the table id allocator.
+    pub fn table_id_allocator(&self) -> ResourceIdAllocatorRef {
+        self.table_id_allocator.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the wal options allocator.
+    pub fn wal_options_allocator(&self) -> WalOptionsAllocatorRef {
+        self.wal_options_allocator.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the region routes allocator.
+    pub fn region_routes_allocator(&self) -> RegionRoutesAllocatorRef {
+        self.region_routes_allocator.clone()
     }
 }

src/common/meta/src/ddl/test_util/create_table.rs

@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ pub fn build_raw_table_info_from_expr(expr: &CreateTableExpr) -> RawTableInfo {
             value_indices: vec![],
             engine: expr.engine.clone(),
             next_column_id: expr.column_defs.len() as u32,
-            region_numbers: vec![],
             options: TableOptions::try_from_iter(&expr.table_options).unwrap(),
             created_on: DateTime::default(),
             updated_on: DateTime::default(),

src/common/meta/src/ddl/tests/create_logical_tables.rs

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ async fn test_on_prepare_logical_table_exists_err() {
         .table_metadata_manager
         .create_logical_tables_metadata(vec![(
             task.table_info.clone(),
-            TableRouteValue::logical(1024, vec![RegionId::new(1025, 1)]),
+            TableRouteValue::logical(1024),
         )])
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ async fn test_on_prepare_with_create_if_table_exists() {
         .table_metadata_manager
         .create_logical_tables_metadata(vec![(
             task.table_info.clone(),
-            TableRouteValue::logical(1024, vec![RegionId::new(8192, 1)]),
+            TableRouteValue::logical(1024),
         )])
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ async fn test_on_prepare_part_logical_tables_exist() {
         .table_metadata_manager
         .create_logical_tables_metadata(vec![(
             task.table_info.clone(),
-            TableRouteValue::logical(1024, vec![RegionId::new(8192, 1)]),
+            TableRouteValue::logical(1024),
         )])
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ async fn test_on_create_metadata_part_logical_tables_exist() {
         .table_metadata_manager
         .create_logical_tables_metadata(vec![(
             task.table_info.clone(),
-            TableRouteValue::logical(1024, vec![RegionId::new(8192, 1)]),
+            TableRouteValue::logical(1024),
         )])
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -496,10 +496,7 @@ async fn test_on_create_metadata_err() {
     task.table_info.ident.table_id = 1025;
     ddl_context
         .table_metadata_manager
-        .create_logical_tables_metadata(vec![(
-            task.table_info,
-            TableRouteValue::logical(512, vec![RegionId::new(1026, 1)]),
-        )])
+        .create_logical_tables_metadata(vec![(task.table_info, TableRouteValue::logical(512))])
         .await
         .unwrap();
     // Triggers procedure to create table metadata

src/common/meta/src/ddl/tests/create_table.rs

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ async fn test_on_prepare_table_exists_err() {
         )
         .await
         .unwrap();
-    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context);
+    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context).unwrap();
     let err = procedure.on_prepare().await.unwrap_err();
     assert_matches!(err, Error::TableAlreadyExists { .. });
     assert_eq!(err.status_code(), StatusCode::TableAlreadyExists);
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ async fn test_on_prepare_with_create_if_table_exists() {
         )
         .await
         .unwrap();
-    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context);
+    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context).unwrap();
     let status = procedure.on_prepare().await.unwrap();
     assert_matches!(status, Status::Done { output: Some(..) });
     let table_id = *status.downcast_output_ref::<u32>().unwrap();
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ async fn test_on_prepare_without_create_if_table_exists() {
     let ddl_context = new_ddl_context(node_manager);
     let mut task = test_create_table_task("foo");
     task.create_table.create_if_not_exists = true;
-    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context);
+    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context).unwrap();
     let status = procedure.on_prepare().await.unwrap();
     assert_matches!(
         status,
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ async fn test_on_datanode_create_regions_should_retry() {
     let ddl_context = new_ddl_context(node_manager);
     let task = test_create_table_task("foo");
     assert!(!task.create_table.create_if_not_exists);
-    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context);
+    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context).unwrap();
     procedure.on_prepare().await.unwrap();
     let ctx = ProcedureContext {
         procedure_id: ProcedureId::random(),
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ async fn test_on_datanode_create_regions_should_not_retry() {
     let ddl_context = new_ddl_context(node_manager);
     let task = test_create_table_task("foo");
     assert!(!task.create_table.create_if_not_exists);
-    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context);
+    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context).unwrap();
     procedure.on_prepare().await.unwrap();
     let ctx = ProcedureContext {
         procedure_id: ProcedureId::random(),
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ async fn test_on_create_metadata_error() {
     let ddl_context = new_ddl_context(node_manager);
     let task = test_create_table_task("foo");
     assert!(!task.create_table.create_if_not_exists);
-    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task.clone(), ddl_context.clone());
+    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task.clone(), ddl_context.clone()).unwrap();
     procedure.on_prepare().await.unwrap();
     let ctx = ProcedureContext {
         procedure_id: ProcedureId::random(),
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ async fn test_on_create_metadata() {
     let ddl_context = new_ddl_context(node_manager);
     let task = test_create_table_task("foo");
     assert!(!task.create_table.create_if_not_exists);
-    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context.clone());
+    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context.clone()).unwrap();
     procedure.on_prepare().await.unwrap();
     let ctx = ProcedureContext {
         procedure_id: ProcedureId::random(),
@@ -312,16 +312,16 @@ async fn test_memory_region_keeper_guard_dropped_on_procedure_done() {
     let ddl_context = new_ddl_context_with_kv_backend(node_manager, kv_backend);
 
     let task = test_create_table_task("foo");
-    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context.clone());
+    let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context.clone()).unwrap();
 
     execute_procedure_until(&mut procedure, |p| {
-        p.creator.data.state == CreateTableState::CreateMetadata
+        p.data.state == CreateTableState::CreateMetadata
     })
     .await;
 
     // Ensure that after running to the state `CreateMetadata`(just past `DatanodeCreateRegions`),
     // the opening regions should be recorded:
-    let guards = &procedure.creator.opening_regions;
+    let guards = &procedure.opening_regions;
     assert_eq!(guards.len(), 1);
     let (datanode_id, region_id) = (0, RegionId::new(procedure.table_id(), 0));
     assert_eq!(guards[0].info(), (datanode_id, region_id));
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ async fn test_memory_region_keeper_guard_dropped_on_procedure_done() {
     execute_procedure_until_done(&mut procedure).await;
 
     // Ensure that when run to the end, the opening regions should be cleared:
-    let guards = &procedure.creator.opening_regions;
+    let guards = &procedure.opening_regions;
     assert!(guards.is_empty());
     assert!(
         !ddl_context

src/common/meta/src/ddl/tests/create_view.rs

@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ async fn test_replace_table() {
     {
         // Create a `foo` table.
         let task = test_create_table_task("foo");
-        let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context.clone());
+        let mut procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(task, ddl_context.clone()).unwrap();
         procedure.on_prepare().await.unwrap();
         let ctx = ProcedureContext {
             procedure_id: ProcedureId::random(),

src/common/meta/src/ddl_manager.rs

@@ -14,15 +14,19 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use api::v1::Repartition;
+use api::v1::alter_table_expr::Kind;
 use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
 use common_procedure::{
-    BoxedProcedureLoader, Output, ProcedureId, ProcedureManagerRef, ProcedureWithId, watcher,
+    BoxedProcedure, BoxedProcedureLoader, Output, ProcedureId, ProcedureManagerRef,
+    ProcedureWithId, watcher,
 };
 use common_telemetry::tracing_context::{FutureExt, TracingContext};
 use common_telemetry::{debug, info, tracing};
 use derive_builder::Builder;
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt, ensure};
 use store_api::storage::TableId;
+use table::table_name::TableName;
 
 use crate::ddl::alter_database::AlterDatabaseProcedure;
 use crate::ddl::alter_logical_tables::AlterLogicalTablesProcedure;
@@ -40,7 +44,8 @@ use crate::ddl::drop_view::DropViewProcedure;
 use crate::ddl::truncate_table::TruncateTableProcedure;
 use crate::ddl::{DdlContext, utils};
 use crate::error::{
-    EmptyDdlTasksSnafu, ProcedureOutputSnafu, RegisterProcedureLoaderSnafu, Result,
+    CreateRepartitionProcedureSnafu, EmptyDdlTasksSnafu, ProcedureOutputSnafu,
+    RegisterProcedureLoaderSnafu, RegisterRepartitionProcedureLoaderSnafu, Result,
     SubmitProcedureSnafu, TableInfoNotFoundSnafu, TableNotFoundSnafu, TableRouteNotFoundSnafu,
     UnexpectedLogicalRouteTableSnafu, WaitProcedureSnafu,
 };
@@ -90,6 +95,7 @@ pub type BoxedProcedureLoaderFactory = dyn Fn(DdlContext) -> BoxedProcedureLoade
 pub struct DdlManager {
     ddl_context: DdlContext,
     procedure_manager: ProcedureManagerRef,
+    repartition_procedure_factory: RepartitionProcedureFactoryRef,
     #[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
     trigger_ddl_manager: Option<TriggerDdlManagerRef>,
 }
@@ -143,16 +149,37 @@ macro_rules! procedure_loader {
     };
 }
 
+pub type RepartitionProcedureFactoryRef = Arc<dyn RepartitionProcedureFactory>;
+
+pub trait RepartitionProcedureFactory: Send + Sync {
+    fn create(
+        &self,
+        ddl_ctx: &DdlContext,
+        table_name: TableName,
+        table_id: TableId,
+        from_exprs: Vec<String>,
+        to_exprs: Vec<String>,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<BoxedProcedure, BoxedError>;
+
+    fn register_loaders(
+        &self,
+        ddl_ctx: &DdlContext,
+        procedure_manager: &ProcedureManagerRef,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<(), BoxedError>;
+}
+
 impl DdlManager {
     /// Returns a new [DdlManager] with all Ddl [BoxedProcedureLoader](common_procedure::procedure::BoxedProcedureLoader)s registered.
     pub fn try_new(
         ddl_context: DdlContext,
         procedure_manager: ProcedureManagerRef,
+        repartition_procedure_factory: RepartitionProcedureFactoryRef,
         register_loaders: bool,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
         let manager = Self {
             ddl_context,
             procedure_manager,
+            repartition_procedure_factory,
             #[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
             trigger_ddl_manager: None,
         };
@@ -204,9 +231,63 @@ impl DdlManager {
                 .context(RegisterProcedureLoaderSnafu { type_name })?;
         }
 
+        self.repartition_procedure_factory
+            .register_loaders(&self.ddl_context, &self.procedure_manager)
+            .context(RegisterRepartitionProcedureLoaderSnafu)?;
+
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Submits a repartition procedure for the specified table.
+    ///
+    /// This creates a repartition procedure using the provided `table_id`,
+    /// `table_name`, and `Repartition` configuration, and then either executes it
+    /// to completion or just submits it for asynchronous execution.
+    ///
+    /// The `Repartition` argument contains the original (`from_partition_exprs`)
+    /// and target (`into_partition_exprs`) partition expressions that define how
+    /// the table should be repartitioned.
+    ///
+    /// The `wait` flag controls whether this method waits for the repartition
+    /// procedure to finish:
+    /// - If `wait` is `true`, the procedure is executed and this method awaits
+    ///   its completion, returning both the generated `ProcedureId` and the
+    ///   final `Output` of the procedure.
+    /// - If `wait` is `false`, the procedure is only submitted to the procedure
+    ///   manager for asynchronous execution, and this method returns the
+    ///   `ProcedureId` along with `None` as the output.
+    async fn submit_repartition_task(
+        &self,
+        table_id: TableId,
+        table_name: TableName,
+        Repartition {
+            from_partition_exprs,
+            into_partition_exprs,
+            wait,
+        }: Repartition,
+    ) -> Result<(ProcedureId, Option<Output>)> {
+        let context = self.create_context();
+
+        let procedure = self
+            .repartition_procedure_factory
+            .create(
+                &context,
+                table_name,
+                table_id,
+                from_partition_exprs,
+                into_partition_exprs,
+            )
+            .context(CreateRepartitionProcedureSnafu)?;
+        let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
+        if wait {
+            self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
+        } else {
+            self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id)
+                .await
+                .map(|p| (p, None))
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Submits and executes an alter table task.
     #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub async fn submit_alter_table_task(
@@ -214,13 +295,28 @@ impl DdlManager {
         table_id: TableId,
         alter_table_task: AlterTableTask,
     ) -> Result<(ProcedureId, Option<Output>)> {
-        let context = self.create_context();
+        // make alter_table_task mutable so we can call .take() on its field
+        let mut alter_table_task = alter_table_task;
+        if let Some(Kind::Repartition(_)) = alter_table_task.alter_table.kind.as_ref()
+            && let Kind::Repartition(repartition) =
+                alter_table_task.alter_table.kind.take().unwrap()
+        {
+            let table_name = TableName::new(
+                alter_table_task.alter_table.catalog_name,
+                alter_table_task.alter_table.schema_name,
+                alter_table_task.alter_table.table_name,
+            );
+            return self
+                .submit_repartition_task(table_id, table_name, repartition)
+                .await;
+        }
 
+        let context = self.create_context();
         let procedure = AlterTableProcedure::new(table_id, alter_table_task, context)?;
 
         let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
 
-        self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id).await
+        self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
     }
 
     /// Submits and executes a create table task.
@@ -231,11 +327,11 @@ impl DdlManager {
     ) -> Result<(ProcedureId, Option<Output>)> {
         let context = self.create_context();
 
-        let procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(create_table_task, context);
+        let procedure = CreateTableProcedure::new(create_table_task, context)?;
 
         let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
 
-        self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id).await
+        self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
     }
 
     /// Submits and executes a `[CreateViewTask]`.
@@ -250,7 +346,7 @@ impl DdlManager {
 
         let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
 
-        self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id).await
+        self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
     }
 
     /// Submits and executes a create multiple logical table tasks.
@@ -267,7 +363,7 @@ impl DdlManager {
 
         let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
 
-        self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id).await
+        self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
     }
 
     /// Submits and executes alter multiple table tasks.
@@ -284,7 +380,7 @@ impl DdlManager {
 
         let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
 
-        self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id).await
+        self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
     }
 
     /// Submits and executes a drop table task.
@@ -299,7 +395,7 @@ impl DdlManager {
 
         let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
 
-        self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id).await
+        self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
     }
 
     /// Submits and executes a create database task.
@@ -318,7 +414,7 @@ impl DdlManager {
             CreateDatabaseProcedure::new(catalog, schema, create_if_not_exists, options, context);
         let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
 
-        self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id).await
+        self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
     }
 
     /// Submits and executes a drop table task.
@@ -335,7 +431,7 @@ impl DdlManager {
         let procedure = DropDatabaseProcedure::new(catalog, schema, drop_if_exists, context);
         let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
 
-        self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id).await
+        self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
     }
 
     pub async fn submit_alter_database(
@@ -346,7 +442,7 @@ impl DdlManager {
         let procedure = AlterDatabaseProcedure::new(alter_database_task, context)?;
         let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
 
-        self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id).await
+        self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
     }
 
     /// Submits and executes a create flow task.
@@ -360,7 +456,7 @@ impl DdlManager {
         let procedure = CreateFlowProcedure::new(create_flow, query_context, context);
         let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
 
-        self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id).await
+        self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
     }
 
     /// Submits and executes a drop flow task.
@@ -373,7 +469,7 @@ impl DdlManager {
         let procedure = DropFlowProcedure::new(drop_flow, context);
         let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
 
-        self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id).await
+        self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
     }
 
     /// Submits and executes a drop view task.
@@ -386,7 +482,7 @@ impl DdlManager {
         let procedure = DropViewProcedure::new(drop_view, context);
         let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
 
-        self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id).await
+        self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
     }
 
     /// Submits and executes a truncate table task.
@@ -407,7 +503,7 @@ impl DdlManager {
 
         let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
 
-        self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id).await
+        self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
     }
 
     /// Submits and executes a comment on task.
@@ -420,10 +516,11 @@ impl DdlManager {
         let procedure = CommentOnProcedure::new(comment_on_task, context);
         let procedure_with_id = ProcedureWithId::with_random_id(Box::new(procedure));
 
-        self.submit_procedure(procedure_with_id).await
+        self.execute_procedure_and_wait(procedure_with_id).await
     }
 
-    async fn submit_procedure(
+    /// Executes a procedure and waits for the result.
+    async fn execute_procedure_and_wait(
         &self,
         procedure_with_id: ProcedureWithId,
     ) -> Result<(ProcedureId, Option<Output>)> {
@@ -442,6 +539,18 @@ impl DdlManager {
         Ok((procedure_id, output))
     }
 
+    /// Submits a procedure and returns the procedure id.
+    async fn submit_procedure(&self, procedure_with_id: ProcedureWithId) -> Result<ProcedureId> {
+        let procedure_id = procedure_with_id.id;
+        let _ = self
+            .procedure_manager
+            .submit(procedure_with_id)
+            .await
+            .context(SubmitProcedureSnafu)?;
+
+        Ok(procedure_id)
+    }
+
     pub async fn submit_ddl_task(
         &self,
         ctx: &ExecutorContext,
@@ -947,8 +1056,12 @@ async fn handle_comment_on_task(
 mod tests {
     use std::sync::Arc;
 
+    use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
     use common_procedure::local::LocalManager;
     use common_procedure::test_util::InMemoryPoisonStore;
+    use common_procedure::{BoxedProcedure, ProcedureManagerRef};
+    use store_api::storage::TableId;
+    use table::table_name::TableName;
 
     use super::DdlManager;
     use crate::cache_invalidator::DummyCacheInvalidator;
@@ -959,6 +1072,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::ddl::table_meta::TableMetadataAllocator;
     use crate::ddl::truncate_table::TruncateTableProcedure;
     use crate::ddl::{DdlContext, NoopRegionFailureDetectorControl};
+    use crate::ddl_manager::RepartitionProcedureFactory;
     use crate::key::TableMetadataManager;
     use crate::key::flow::FlowMetadataManager;
     use crate::kv_backend::memory::MemoryKvBackend;
@@ -968,7 +1082,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::region_registry::LeaderRegionRegistry;
     use crate::sequence::SequenceBuilder;
     use crate::state_store::KvStateStore;
-    use crate::wal_options_allocator::WalOptionsAllocator;
+    use crate::wal_provider::WalProvider;
 
     /// A dummy implemented [NodeManager].
     pub struct DummyDatanodeManager;
@@ -987,13 +1101,37 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    struct DummyRepartitionProcedureFactory;
+
+    #[async_trait::async_trait]
+    impl RepartitionProcedureFactory for DummyRepartitionProcedureFactory {
+        fn create(
+            &self,
+            _ddl_ctx: &DdlContext,
+            _table_name: TableName,
+            _table_id: TableId,
+            _from_exprs: Vec<String>,
+            _to_exprs: Vec<String>,
+        ) -> std::result::Result<BoxedProcedure, BoxedError> {
+            unimplemented!()
+        }
+
+        fn register_loaders(
+            &self,
+            _ddl_ctx: &DdlContext,
+            _procedure_manager: &ProcedureManagerRef,
+        ) -> std::result::Result<(), BoxedError> {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_try_new() {
         let kv_backend = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::new());
         let table_metadata_manager = Arc::new(TableMetadataManager::new(kv_backend.clone()));
         let table_metadata_allocator = Arc::new(TableMetadataAllocator::new(
             Arc::new(SequenceBuilder::new("test", kv_backend.clone()).build()),
-            Arc::new(WalOptionsAllocator::default()),
+            Arc::new(WalProvider::default()),
         ));
         let flow_metadata_manager = Arc::new(FlowMetadataManager::new(kv_backend.clone()));
         let flow_metadata_allocator = Arc::new(FlowMetadataAllocator::with_noop_peer_allocator(
@@ -1023,6 +1161,7 @@ mod tests {
                 region_failure_detector_controller: Arc::new(NoopRegionFailureDetectorControl),
             },
             procedure_manager.clone(),
+            Arc::new(DummyRepartitionProcedureFactory),
             true,
         );
 

src/common/meta/src/error.rs

@@ -104,6 +104,20 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: common_procedure::error::Error,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to register repartition procedure loader"))]
+    RegisterRepartitionProcedureLoader {
+        #[snafu(implicit)]
+        location: Location,
+        source: BoxedError,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to create repartition procedure"))]
+    CreateRepartitionProcedure {
+        source: BoxedError,
+        #[snafu(implicit)]
+        location: Location,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Failed to submit procedure"))]
     SubmitProcedure {
         #[snafu(implicit)]
@@ -1170,6 +1184,8 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             PutPoison { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
             ConvertColumnDef { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
             ProcedureStateReceiver { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
+            RegisterRepartitionProcedureLoader { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
+            CreateRepartitionProcedure { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
 
             ParseProcedureId { .. }
             | InvalidNumTopics { .. }

src/common/meta/src/instruction.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
@@ -432,11 +432,11 @@ where
 pub struct GetFileRefs {
     /// List of region IDs to get file references from active FileHandles (in-memory).
     pub query_regions: Vec<RegionId>,
-    /// Mapping from the source region ID (where to read the manifest) to
-    /// the target region IDs (whose file references to look for).
-    /// Key: The region ID of the manifest.
-    /// Value: The list of region IDs to find references for in that manifest.
-    pub related_regions: HashMap<RegionId, Vec<RegionId>>,
+    /// Mapping from the src region IDs (whose file references to look for) to
+    /// the dst region IDs (where to read the manifests).
+    /// Key: The source region IDs (where files originally came from).
+    /// Value: The set of destination region IDs (whose manifests need to be read).
+    pub related_regions: HashMap<RegionId, HashSet<RegionId>>,
 }
 
 impl Display for GetFileRefs {
@@ -530,6 +530,49 @@ impl Display for EnterStagingRegion {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+pub struct RemapManifest {
+    pub region_id: RegionId,
+    /// Regions to remap manifests from.
+    pub input_regions: Vec<RegionId>,
+    /// For each old region, which new regions should receive its files
+    pub region_mapping: HashMap<RegionId, Vec<RegionId>>,
+    /// New partition expressions for the new regions.
+    pub new_partition_exprs: HashMap<RegionId, String>,
+}
+
+impl Display for RemapManifest {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "RemapManifest(region_id={}, input_regions={:?}, region_mapping={:?}, new_partition_exprs={:?})",
+            self.region_id, self.input_regions, self.region_mapping, self.new_partition_exprs
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ApplyStagingManifest {
+    /// The region ID to apply the staging manifest to.
+    pub region_id: RegionId,
+    /// The partition expression of the staging region.
+    pub partition_expr: String,
+    /// The region that stores the staging manifests in its staging blob storage.
+    pub central_region_id: RegionId,
+    /// The relative path to the staging manifest within the central region's staging blob storage.
+    pub manifest_path: String,
+}
+
+impl Display for ApplyStagingManifest {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "ApplyStagingManifest(region_id={}, partition_expr={}, central_region_id={}, manifest_path={})",
+            self.region_id, self.partition_expr, self.central_region_id, self.manifest_path
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Display, PartialEq)]
 pub enum Instruction {
     /// Opens regions.
@@ -559,6 +602,10 @@ pub enum Instruction {
     Suspend,
     /// Makes regions enter staging state.
     EnterStagingRegions(Vec<EnterStagingRegion>),
+    /// Remaps manifests for a region.
+    RemapManifest(RemapManifest),
+    /// Applies staging manifests for a region.
+    ApplyStagingManifests(Vec<ApplyStagingManifest>),
 }
 
 impl Instruction {
@@ -737,6 +784,48 @@ impl EnterStagingRegionsReply {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
+pub struct RemapManifestReply {
+    /// Returns false if the region does not exist.
+    pub exists: bool,
+    /// A map from region IDs to their corresponding remapped manifest paths.
+    pub manifest_paths: HashMap<RegionId, String>,
+    /// Return error if any during the operation.
+    pub error: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Display for RemapManifestReply {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "RemapManifestReply(manifest_paths={:?}, error={:?})",
+            self.manifest_paths, self.error
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
+pub struct ApplyStagingManifestsReply {
+    pub replies: Vec<ApplyStagingManifestReply>,
+}
+
+impl ApplyStagingManifestsReply {
+    pub fn new(replies: Vec<ApplyStagingManifestReply>) -> Self {
+        Self { replies }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
+pub struct ApplyStagingManifestReply {
+    pub region_id: RegionId,
+    /// Returns true if the region is ready to serve reads and writes.
+    pub ready: bool,
+    /// Indicates whether the region exists.
+    pub exists: bool,
+    /// Return error if any during the operation.
+    pub error: Option<String>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
 #[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "snake_case")]
 pub enum InstructionReply {
@@ -758,6 +847,8 @@ pub enum InstructionReply {
     GetFileRefs(GetFileRefsReply),
     GcRegions(GcRegionsReply),
     EnterStagingRegions(EnterStagingRegionsReply),
+    RemapManifest(RemapManifestReply),
+    ApplyStagingManifests(ApplyStagingManifestsReply),
 }
 
 impl Display for InstructionReply {
@@ -781,6 +872,12 @@ impl Display for InstructionReply {
                     reply.replies
                 )
             }
+            Self::RemapManifest(reply) => write!(f, "InstructionReply::RemapManifest({})", reply),
+            Self::ApplyStagingManifests(reply) => write!(
+                f,
+                "InstructionReply::ApplyStagingManifests({:?})",
+                reply.replies
+            ),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -828,6 +925,20 @@ impl InstructionReply {
             _ => panic!("Expected EnterStagingRegion reply"),
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn expect_remap_manifest_reply(self) -> RemapManifestReply {
+        match self {
+            Self::RemapManifest(reply) => reply,
+            _ => panic!("Expected RemapManifest reply"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn expect_apply_staging_manifests_reply(self) -> Vec<ApplyStagingManifestReply> {
+        match self {
+            Self::ApplyStagingManifests(reply) => reply.replies,
+            _ => panic!("Expected ApplyStagingManifest reply"),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

src/common/meta/src/key.rs

@@ -747,12 +747,10 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
     /// The caller MUST ensure it has the exclusive access to `TableNameKey`.
     pub async fn create_table_metadata(
         &self,
-        mut table_info: RawTableInfo,
+        table_info: RawTableInfo,
         table_route_value: TableRouteValue,
         region_wal_options: HashMap<RegionNumber, String>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
-        let region_numbers = table_route_value.region_numbers();
-        table_info.meta.region_numbers = region_numbers;
         let table_id = table_info.ident.table_id;
         let engine = table_info.meta.engine.clone();
 
@@ -851,8 +849,7 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
             on_create_table_route_failure: F2,
         }
         let mut on_failures = Vec::with_capacity(len);
-        for (mut table_info, table_route_value) in tables_data {
-            table_info.meta.region_numbers = table_route_value.region_numbers();
+        for (table_info, table_route_value) in tables_data {
             let table_id = table_info.ident.table_id;
 
             // Creates table name.
@@ -1283,6 +1280,11 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
             region_distribution(current_table_route_value.region_routes()?);
         let new_region_distribution = region_distribution(&new_region_routes);
 
+        let update_topic_region_txn = self.topic_region_manager.build_update_txn(
+            table_id,
+            &region_info.region_wal_options,
+            new_region_wal_options,
+        )?;
         let update_datanode_table_txn = self.datanode_table_manager().build_update_txn(
             table_id,
             region_info,
@@ -1294,13 +1296,16 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
 
         // Updates the table_route.
         let new_table_route_value = current_table_route_value.update(new_region_routes)?;
-
         let (update_table_route_txn, on_update_table_route_failure) = self
             .table_route_manager()
             .table_route_storage()
             .build_update_txn(table_id, current_table_route_value, &new_table_route_value)?;
 
-        let txn = Txn::merge_all(vec![update_datanode_table_txn, update_table_route_txn]);
+        let txn = Txn::merge_all(vec![
+            update_datanode_table_txn,
+            update_table_route_txn,
+            update_topic_region_txn,
+        ]);
 
         let mut r = self.kv_backend.txn(txn).await?;
 
@@ -1477,6 +1482,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     use super::datanode_table::DatanodeTableKey;
     use super::test_utils;
+    use crate::ddl::allocator::wal_options::WalOptionsAllocator;
     use crate::ddl::test_util::create_table::test_create_table_task;
     use crate::ddl::utils::region_storage_path;
     use crate::error::Result;
@@ -1484,6 +1490,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::key::table_info::TableInfoValue;
     use crate::key::table_name::TableNameKey;
     use crate::key::table_route::TableRouteValue;
+    use crate::key::topic_region::TopicRegionKey;
     use crate::key::{
         DeserializedValueWithBytes, RegionDistribution, RegionRoleSet, TOPIC_REGION_PREFIX,
         TableMetadataManager, ViewInfoValue,
@@ -1493,7 +1500,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::peer::Peer;
     use crate::rpc::router::{LeaderState, Region, RegionRoute, region_distribution};
     use crate::rpc::store::RangeRequest;
-    use crate::wal_options_allocator::{WalOptionsAllocator, allocate_region_wal_options};
+    use crate::wal_provider::WalProvider;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_deserialized_value_with_bytes() {
@@ -1543,8 +1550,8 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
-    fn new_test_table_info(region_numbers: impl Iterator<Item = u32>) -> TableInfo {
-        test_utils::new_test_table_info(10, region_numbers)
+    fn new_test_table_info() -> TableInfo {
+        test_utils::new_test_table_info(10)
     }
 
     fn new_test_table_names() -> HashSet<TableName> {
@@ -1602,12 +1609,10 @@ mod tests {
         let table_metadata_manager = TableMetadataManager::new(mem_kv.clone());
         let region_route = new_test_region_route();
         let region_routes = &vec![region_route.clone()];
-        let table_info: RawTableInfo =
-            new_test_table_info(region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())).into();
-        let wal_allocator = WalOptionsAllocator::RaftEngine;
-        let regions = (0..16).collect();
-        let region_wal_options =
-            allocate_region_wal_options(regions, &wal_allocator, false).unwrap();
+        let table_info: RawTableInfo = new_test_table_info().into();
+        let wal_provider = WalProvider::RaftEngine;
+        let regions: Vec<_> = (0..16).collect();
+        let region_wal_options = wal_provider.allocate(&regions, false).await.unwrap();
         create_physical_table_metadata(
             &table_metadata_manager,
             table_info.clone(),
@@ -1630,8 +1635,7 @@ mod tests {
         let table_metadata_manager = TableMetadataManager::new(mem_kv);
         let region_route = new_test_region_route();
         let region_routes = &vec![region_route.clone()];
-        let table_info: RawTableInfo =
-            new_test_table_info(region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())).into();
+        let table_info: RawTableInfo = new_test_table_info().into();
         let region_wal_options = create_mock_region_wal_options()
             .into_iter()
             .map(|(k, v)| (k, serde_json::to_string(&v).unwrap()))
@@ -1713,8 +1717,7 @@ mod tests {
         let table_metadata_manager = TableMetadataManager::new(mem_kv);
         let region_route = new_test_region_route();
         let region_routes = vec![region_route.clone()];
-        let table_info: RawTableInfo =
-            new_test_table_info(region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())).into();
+        let table_info: RawTableInfo = new_test_table_info().into();
         let table_id = table_info.ident.table_id;
         let table_route_value = TableRouteValue::physical(region_routes.clone());
 
@@ -1779,7 +1782,6 @@ mod tests {
             let table_info: RawTableInfo = test_utils::new_test_table_info_with_name(
                 table_id,
                 &format!("my_table_{}", table_id),
-                region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number()),
             )
             .into();
             let table_route_value = TableRouteValue::physical(region_routes.clone());
@@ -1800,8 +1802,7 @@ mod tests {
         let table_metadata_manager = TableMetadataManager::new(mem_kv);
         let region_route = new_test_region_route();
         let region_routes = &vec![region_route.clone()];
-        let table_info: RawTableInfo =
-            new_test_table_info(region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())).into();
+        let table_info: RawTableInfo = new_test_table_info().into();
         let table_id = table_info.ident.table_id;
         let datanode_id = 2;
         let region_wal_options = create_mock_region_wal_options();
@@ -1907,8 +1908,7 @@ mod tests {
         let table_metadata_manager = TableMetadataManager::new(mem_kv);
         let region_route = new_test_region_route();
         let region_routes = vec![region_route.clone()];
-        let table_info: RawTableInfo =
-            new_test_table_info(region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())).into();
+        let table_info: RawTableInfo = new_test_table_info().into();
         let table_id = table_info.ident.table_id;
         // creates metadata.
         create_physical_table_metadata(
@@ -1984,8 +1984,7 @@ mod tests {
         let table_metadata_manager = TableMetadataManager::new(mem_kv);
         let region_route = new_test_region_route();
         let region_routes = vec![region_route.clone()];
-        let table_info: RawTableInfo =
-            new_test_table_info(region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())).into();
+        let table_info: RawTableInfo = new_test_table_info().into();
         let table_id = table_info.ident.table_id;
         // creates metadata.
         create_physical_table_metadata(
@@ -2070,8 +2069,7 @@ mod tests {
                 leader_down_since: None,
             },
         ];
-        let table_info: RawTableInfo =
-            new_test_table_info(region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())).into();
+        let table_info: RawTableInfo = new_test_table_info().into();
         let table_id = table_info.ident.table_id;
         let current_table_route_value = DeserializedValueWithBytes::from_inner(
             TableRouteValue::physical(region_routes.clone()),
@@ -2153,8 +2151,7 @@ mod tests {
         let table_metadata_manager = TableMetadataManager::new(mem_kv);
         let region_route = new_test_region_route();
         let region_routes = vec![region_route.clone()];
-        let table_info: RawTableInfo =
-            new_test_table_info(region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())).into();
+        let table_info: RawTableInfo = new_test_table_info().into();
         let table_id = table_info.ident.table_id;
         let engine = table_info.meta.engine.as_str();
         let region_storage_path =
@@ -2274,6 +2271,218 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_update_table_route_with_topic_region_mapping() {
+        let mem_kv = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
+        let table_metadata_manager = TableMetadataManager::new(mem_kv.clone());
+        let region_route = new_test_region_route();
+        let region_routes = vec![region_route.clone()];
+        let table_info: RawTableInfo = new_test_table_info().into();
+        let table_id = table_info.ident.table_id;
+        let engine = table_info.meta.engine.as_str();
+        let region_storage_path =
+            region_storage_path(&table_info.catalog_name, &table_info.schema_name);
+
+        // Create initial metadata with Kafka WAL options
+        let old_region_wal_options: HashMap<RegionNumber, String> = vec![
+            (
+                1,
+                serde_json::to_string(&WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_1".to_string(),
+                }))
+                .unwrap(),
+            ),
+            (
+                2,
+                serde_json::to_string(&WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_2".to_string(),
+                }))
+                .unwrap(),
+            ),
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect();
+
+        create_physical_table_metadata(
+            &table_metadata_manager,
+            table_info.clone(),
+            region_routes.clone(),
+            old_region_wal_options.clone(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let current_table_route_value = DeserializedValueWithBytes::from_inner(
+            TableRouteValue::physical(region_routes.clone()),
+        );
+
+        // Verify initial topic region mappings exist
+        let region_id_1 = RegionId::new(table_id, 1);
+        let region_id_2 = RegionId::new(table_id, 2);
+        let topic_1_key = TopicRegionKey::new(region_id_1, "topic_1");
+        let topic_2_key = TopicRegionKey::new(region_id_2, "topic_2");
+        assert!(
+            table_metadata_manager
+                .topic_region_manager
+                .get(topic_1_key.clone())
+                .await
+                .unwrap()
+                .is_some()
+        );
+        assert!(
+            table_metadata_manager
+                .topic_region_manager
+                .get(topic_2_key.clone())
+                .await
+                .unwrap()
+                .is_some()
+        );
+
+        // Test 1: Add new region with new topic
+        let new_region_routes = vec![
+            new_region_route(1, 1),
+            new_region_route(2, 2),
+            new_region_route(3, 3), // New region
+        ];
+        let new_region_wal_options: HashMap<RegionNumber, String> = vec![
+            (
+                1,
+                serde_json::to_string(&WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_1".to_string(), // Unchanged
+                }))
+                .unwrap(),
+            ),
+            (
+                2,
+                serde_json::to_string(&WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_2".to_string(), // Unchanged
+                }))
+                .unwrap(),
+            ),
+            (
+                3,
+                serde_json::to_string(&WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_3".to_string(), // New topic
+                }))
+                .unwrap(),
+            ),
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect();
+        let current_table_route_value_updated = DeserializedValueWithBytes::from_inner(
+            current_table_route_value
+                .inner
+                .update(new_region_routes.clone())
+                .unwrap(),
+        );
+        table_metadata_manager
+            .update_table_route(
+                table_id,
+                RegionInfo {
+                    engine: engine.to_string(),
+                    region_storage_path: region_storage_path.clone(),
+                    region_options: HashMap::new(),
+                    region_wal_options: old_region_wal_options.clone(),
+                },
+                &current_table_route_value,
+                new_region_routes.clone(),
+                &HashMap::new(),
+                &new_region_wal_options,
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        // Verify new topic region mapping was created
+        let region_id_3 = RegionId::new(table_id, 3);
+        let topic_3_key = TopicRegionKey::new(region_id_3, "topic_3");
+        assert!(
+            table_metadata_manager
+                .topic_region_manager
+                .get(topic_3_key)
+                .await
+                .unwrap()
+                .is_some()
+        );
+        // Test 2: Remove a region and change topic for another
+        let newer_region_routes = vec![
+            new_region_route(1, 1),
+            // Region 2 removed
+            // Region 3 now has different topic
+        ];
+        let newer_region_wal_options: HashMap<RegionNumber, String> = vec![
+            (
+                1,
+                serde_json::to_string(&WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_1".to_string(), // Unchanged
+                }))
+                .unwrap(),
+            ),
+            (
+                3,
+                serde_json::to_string(&WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_3_new".to_string(), // Changed topic
+                }))
+                .unwrap(),
+            ),
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect();
+        table_metadata_manager
+            .update_table_route(
+                table_id,
+                RegionInfo {
+                    engine: engine.to_string(),
+                    region_storage_path: region_storage_path.clone(),
+                    region_options: HashMap::new(),
+                    region_wal_options: new_region_wal_options.clone(),
+                },
+                &current_table_route_value_updated,
+                newer_region_routes.clone(),
+                &HashMap::new(),
+                &newer_region_wal_options,
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        // Verify region 2 mapping was deleted
+        let topic_2_key_new = TopicRegionKey::new(region_id_2, "topic_2");
+        assert!(
+            table_metadata_manager
+                .topic_region_manager
+                .get(topic_2_key_new)
+                .await
+                .unwrap()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        // Verify region 3 old topic mapping was deleted
+        let topic_3_key_old = TopicRegionKey::new(region_id_3, "topic_3");
+        assert!(
+            table_metadata_manager
+                .topic_region_manager
+                .get(topic_3_key_old)
+                .await
+                .unwrap()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        // Verify region 3 new topic mapping was created
+        let topic_3_key_new = TopicRegionKey::new(region_id_3, "topic_3_new");
+        assert!(
+            table_metadata_manager
+                .topic_region_manager
+                .get(topic_3_key_new)
+                .await
+                .unwrap()
+                .is_some()
+        );
+        // Verify region 1 mapping still exists (unchanged)
+        assert!(
+            table_metadata_manager
+                .topic_region_manager
+                .get(topic_1_key)
+                .await
+                .unwrap()
+                .is_some()
+        );
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_destroy_table_metadata() {
         let mem_kv = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
@@ -2408,7 +2617,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mem_kv = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
         let table_metadata_manager = TableMetadataManager::new(mem_kv);
 
-        let view_info: RawTableInfo = new_test_table_info(Vec::<u32>::new().into_iter()).into();
+        let view_info: RawTableInfo = new_test_table_info().into();
 
         let view_id = view_info.ident.table_id;
 

src/common/meta/src/key/table_info.rs

@@ -338,7 +338,6 @@ mod tests {
             next_column_id: 3,
             value_indices: vec![2, 3],
             options: Default::default(),
-            region_numbers: vec![1],
             partition_key_indices: vec![],
             column_ids: vec![],
         };

src/common/meta/src/key/table_route.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize};
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt, ensure};
 use store_api::storage::{RegionId, RegionNumber};
 use table::metadata::TableId;
@@ -62,16 +62,54 @@ pub enum TableRouteValue {
     Logical(LogicalTableRouteValue),
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Clone, Default)]
 pub struct PhysicalTableRouteValue {
+    // The region routes of the table.
     pub region_routes: Vec<RegionRoute>,
+    // Tracks the highest region number ever allocated for the table.
+    // This value only increases: adding a region updates it if needed,
+    // and dropping regions does not decrease it.
+    pub max_region_number: RegionNumber,
+    // The version of the table route.
     version: u64,
 }
 
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for PhysicalTableRouteValue {
+    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> std::result::Result<Self, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        #[derive(Deserialize)]
+        struct Helper {
+            region_routes: Vec<RegionRoute>,
+            #[serde(default)]
+            max_region_number: Option<RegionNumber>,
+            version: u64,
+        }
+
+        let mut helper = Helper::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+        // If the max region number is not provided, we will calculate it from the region routes.
+        if helper.max_region_number.is_none() {
+            let max_region = helper
+                .region_routes
+                .iter()
+                .map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())
+                .max()
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+            helper.max_region_number = Some(max_region);
+        }
+
+        Ok(PhysicalTableRouteValue {
+            region_routes: helper.region_routes,
+            max_region_number: helper.max_region_number.unwrap_or_default(),
+            version: helper.version,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
 pub struct LogicalTableRouteValue {
     physical_table_id: TableId,
-    region_ids: Vec<RegionId>,
 }
 
 impl TableRouteValue {
@@ -85,14 +123,7 @@ impl TableRouteValue {
         if table_id == physical_table_id {
             TableRouteValue::physical(region_routes)
         } else {
-            let region_routes = region_routes
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|region| {
-                    debug_assert_eq!(region.region.id.table_id(), physical_table_id);
-                    RegionId::new(table_id, region.region.id.region_number())
-                })
-                .collect();
-            TableRouteValue::logical(physical_table_id, region_routes)
+            TableRouteValue::logical(physical_table_id)
         }
     }
 
@@ -100,8 +131,8 @@ impl TableRouteValue {
         Self::Physical(PhysicalTableRouteValue::new(region_routes))
     }
 
-    pub fn logical(physical_table_id: TableId, region_ids: Vec<RegionId>) -> Self {
-        Self::Logical(LogicalTableRouteValue::new(physical_table_id, region_ids))
+    pub fn logical(physical_table_id: TableId) -> Self {
+        Self::Logical(LogicalTableRouteValue::new(physical_table_id))
     }
 
     /// Returns a new version [TableRouteValue] with `region_routes`.
@@ -112,9 +143,19 @@ impl TableRouteValue {
                 err_msg: format!("{self:?} is a non-physical TableRouteValue."),
             }
         );
-        let version = self.as_physical_table_route_ref().version;
+        let physical_table_route = self.as_physical_table_route_ref();
+        let original_max_region_number = physical_table_route.max_region_number;
+        let new_max_region_number = region_routes
+            .iter()
+            .map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())
+            .max()
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+        let version = physical_table_route.version;
         Ok(Self::Physical(PhysicalTableRouteValue {
             region_routes,
+            // If region routes are added, we will update the max region number.
+            // If region routes are removed, we will keep the original max region number.
+            max_region_number: original_max_region_number.max(new_max_region_number),
             version: version + 1,
         }))
     }
@@ -167,6 +208,20 @@ impl TableRouteValue {
         Ok(&self.as_physical_table_route_ref().region_routes)
     }
 
+    /// Returns the max region number of this [TableRouteValue::Physical].
+    ///
+    /// # Panic
+    /// If it is not the [`PhysicalTableRouteValue`].
+    pub fn max_region_number(&self) -> Result<RegionNumber> {
+        ensure!(
+            self.is_physical(),
+            UnexpectedLogicalRouteTableSnafu {
+                err_msg: format!("{self:?} is a non-physical TableRouteValue."),
+            }
+        );
+        Ok(self.as_physical_table_route_ref().max_region_number)
+    }
+
     /// Returns the reference of [`PhysicalTableRouteValue`].
     ///
     /// # Panic
@@ -207,11 +262,9 @@ impl TableRouteValue {
                 .iter()
                 .map(|region_route| region_route.region.id.region_number())
                 .collect(),
-            TableRouteValue::Logical(x) => x
-                .region_ids()
-                .iter()
-                .map(|region_id| region_id.region_number())
-                .collect(),
+            TableRouteValue::Logical(_) => {
+                vec![]
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -237,28 +290,27 @@ impl MetadataValue for TableRouteValue {
 
 impl PhysicalTableRouteValue {
     pub fn new(region_routes: Vec<RegionRoute>) -> Self {
+        let max_region_number = region_routes
+            .iter()
+            .map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())
+            .max()
+            .unwrap_or_default();
         Self {
             region_routes,
+            max_region_number,
             version: 0,
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl LogicalTableRouteValue {
-    pub fn new(physical_table_id: TableId, region_ids: Vec<RegionId>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            physical_table_id,
-            region_ids,
-        }
+    pub fn new(physical_table_id: TableId) -> Self {
+        Self { physical_table_id }
     }
 
     pub fn physical_table_id(&self) -> TableId {
         self.physical_table_id
     }
-
-    pub fn region_ids(&self) -> &Vec<RegionId> {
-        &self.region_ids
-    }
 }
 
 impl MetadataKey<'_, TableRouteKey> for TableRouteKey {
@@ -823,6 +875,57 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::rpc::router::Region;
     use crate::rpc::store::PutRequest;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_update_table_route_max_region_number() {
+        let table_route = PhysicalTableRouteValue::new(vec![
+            RegionRoute {
+                region: Region {
+                    id: RegionId::new(0, 1),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            RegionRoute {
+                region: Region {
+                    id: RegionId::new(0, 2),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        ]);
+        assert_eq!(table_route.max_region_number, 2);
+
+        // Shouldn't change the max region number.
+        let new_table_route = TableRouteValue::Physical(table_route)
+            .update(vec![RegionRoute {
+                region: Region {
+                    id: RegionId::new(0, 1),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                ..Default::default()
+            }])
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            new_table_route
+                .as_physical_table_route_ref()
+                .max_region_number,
+            2
+        );
+
+        // Should increase the max region number.
+        let new_table_route = new_table_route
+            .update(vec![RegionRoute {
+                region: Region {
+                    id: RegionId::new(0, 3),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                ..Default::default()
+            }])
+            .unwrap()
+            .into_physical_table_route();
+        assert_eq!(new_table_route.max_region_number, 3);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_table_route_compatibility() {
         let old_raw_v = r#"{"region_routes":[{"region":{"id":1,"name":"r1","partition":null,"attrs":{}},"leader_peer":{"id":2,"addr":"a2"},"follower_peers":[]},{"region":{"id":1,"name":"r1","partition":null,"attrs":{}},"leader_peer":{"id":2,"addr":"a2"},"follower_peers":[]}],"version":0}"#;
@@ -863,6 +966,7 @@ mod tests {
                     leader_down_since: None,
                 },
             ],
+            max_region_number: 1,
             version: 0,
         });
 
@@ -900,7 +1004,6 @@ mod tests {
         let table_route_manager = TableRouteManager::new(kv.clone());
         let table_route_value = TableRouteValue::Logical(LogicalTableRouteValue {
             physical_table_id: 1023,
-            region_ids: vec![RegionId::new(1023, 1)],
         });
         let (txn, _) = table_route_manager
             .table_route_storage()
@@ -930,14 +1033,12 @@ mod tests {
                 1024,
                 TableRouteValue::Logical(LogicalTableRouteValue {
                     physical_table_id: 1023,
-                    region_ids: vec![RegionId::new(1023, 1)],
                 }),
             ),
             (
                 1025,
                 TableRouteValue::Logical(LogicalTableRouteValue {
                     physical_table_id: 1023,
-                    region_ids: vec![RegionId::new(1023, 2)],
                 }),
             ),
         ];
@@ -976,6 +1077,7 @@ mod tests {
                 }],
                 ..Default::default()
             }],
+            max_region_number: 0,
             version: 0,
         });
 

src/common/meta/src/key/test_utils.rs

@@ -19,11 +19,7 @@ use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, SchemaBuilder};
 use store_api::storage::TableId;
 use table::metadata::{TableInfo, TableInfoBuilder, TableMetaBuilder};
 
-pub fn new_test_table_info_with_name<I: IntoIterator<Item = u32>>(
-    table_id: TableId,
-    table_name: &str,
-    region_numbers: I,
-) -> TableInfo {
+pub fn new_test_table_info_with_name(table_id: TableId, table_name: &str) -> TableInfo {
     let column_schemas = vec![
         ColumnSchema::new("col1", ConcreteDataType::int32_datatype(), true),
         ColumnSchema::new(
@@ -45,7 +41,6 @@ pub fn new_test_table_info_with_name<I: IntoIterator<Item = u32>>(
         .primary_key_indices(vec![0])
         .engine("engine")
         .next_column_id(3)
-        .region_numbers(region_numbers.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>())
         .build()
         .unwrap();
     TableInfoBuilder::default()
@@ -56,9 +51,6 @@ pub fn new_test_table_info_with_name<I: IntoIterator<Item = u32>>(
         .build()
         .unwrap()
 }
-pub fn new_test_table_info<I: IntoIterator<Item = u32>>(
-    table_id: TableId,
-    region_numbers: I,
-) -> TableInfo {
-    new_test_table_info_with_name(table_id, "mytable", region_numbers)
+pub fn new_test_table_info(table_id: TableId) -> TableInfo {
+    new_test_table_info_with_name(table_id, "mytable")
 }

src/common/meta/src/key/topic_region.rs

@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ impl TopicRegionManager {
         let topic_region_mapping = self.get_topic_region_mapping(table_id, &region_wal_options);
         let topic_region_keys = topic_region_mapping
             .iter()
-            .map(|(topic, region_id)| TopicRegionKey::new(*topic, region_id))
+            .map(|(region_id, topic)| TopicRegionKey::new(*region_id, topic))
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
         let operations = topic_region_keys
             .into_iter()
@@ -252,6 +252,55 @@ impl TopicRegionManager {
         Ok(Txn::new().and_then(operations))
     }
 
+    /// Build a update topic region mapping transaction.
+    pub fn build_update_txn(
+        &self,
+        table_id: TableId,
+        old_region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, String>,
+        new_region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, String>,
+    ) -> Result<Txn> {
+        let old_wal_options_parsed = parse_region_wal_options(old_region_wal_options)?;
+        let new_wal_options_parsed = parse_region_wal_options(new_region_wal_options)?;
+        let old_mapping = self.get_topic_region_mapping(table_id, &old_wal_options_parsed);
+        let new_mapping = self.get_topic_region_mapping(table_id, &new_wal_options_parsed);
+
+        // Convert to HashMap for easier lookup: RegionId -> Topic
+        let old_map: HashMap<RegionId, &str> = old_mapping.into_iter().collect();
+        let new_map: HashMap<RegionId, &str> = new_mapping.into_iter().collect();
+        let mut ops = Vec::new();
+
+        // Check for deletes (in old but not in new, or topic changed)
+        for (region_id, old_topic) in &old_map {
+            match new_map.get(region_id) {
+                Some(new_topic) if *new_topic == *old_topic => {
+                    // Same topic, do nothing (preserve checkpoint)
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    // Removed or topic changed -> Delete old
+                    let key = TopicRegionKey::new(*region_id, old_topic);
+                    ops.push(TxnOp::Delete(key.to_bytes()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Check for adds (in new but not in old, or topic changed)
+        for (region_id, new_topic) in &new_map {
+            match old_map.get(region_id) {
+                Some(old_topic) if *old_topic == *new_topic => {
+                    // Same topic, already handled (do nothing)
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    // New or topic changed -> Put new
+                    let key = TopicRegionKey::new(*region_id, new_topic);
+                    // Initialize with empty value (default TopicRegionValue)
+                    ops.push(TxnOp::Put(key.to_bytes(), vec![]));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(Txn::new().and_then(ops))
+    }
+
     /// Returns the map of [`RegionId`] to their corresponding topic [`TopicRegionValue`].
     pub async fn regions(&self, topic: &str) -> Result<HashMap<RegionId, TopicRegionValue>> {
         let prefix = TopicRegionKey::range_topic_key(topic);
@@ -431,4 +480,420 @@ mod tests {
             RegionId::from_u64(4410931412992)
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_build_create_txn() {
+        let kv_backend = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
+        let manager = TopicRegionManager::new(kv_backend.clone());
+        let table_id = 1;
+        let region_wal_options = vec![
+            (
+                0,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_0".to_string(),
+                }),
+            ),
+            (
+                1,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_1".to_string(),
+                }),
+            ),
+            (2, WalOptions::RaftEngine), // Should be ignored
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(num, opts)| (num, serde_json::to_string(&opts).unwrap()))
+        .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+
+        let txn = manager
+            .build_create_txn(table_id, &region_wal_options)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Verify the transaction contains correct operations
+        // Should create mappings for region 0 and 1, but not region 2 (RaftEngine)
+        let ops = txn.req().success.clone();
+        assert_eq!(ops.len(), 2);
+
+        let keys: Vec<_> = ops
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|op| {
+                if let TxnOp::Put(key, _) = op {
+                    TopicRegionKey::from_bytes(key).ok()
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        assert_eq!(keys.len(), 2);
+        let region_ids: Vec<_> = keys.iter().map(|k| k.region_id).collect();
+        assert!(region_ids.contains(&RegionId::new(table_id, 0)));
+        assert!(region_ids.contains(&RegionId::new(table_id, 1)));
+        assert!(!region_ids.contains(&RegionId::new(table_id, 2)));
+
+        // Verify topics are correct
+        for key in keys {
+            match key.region_id.region_number() {
+                0 => assert_eq!(key.topic, "topic_0"),
+                1 => assert_eq!(key.topic, "topic_1"),
+                _ => panic!("Unexpected region number"),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_build_update_txn_add_new_region() {
+        let kv_backend = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
+        let manager = TopicRegionManager::new(kv_backend.clone());
+        let table_id = 1;
+        let old_region_wal_options = vec![(
+            0,
+            WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                topic: "topic_0".to_string(),
+            }),
+        )]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(num, opts)| (num, serde_json::to_string(&opts).unwrap()))
+        .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+        let new_region_wal_options = vec![
+            (
+                0,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_0".to_string(),
+                }),
+            ),
+            (
+                1,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_1".to_string(),
+                }),
+            ),
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(num, opts)| (num, serde_json::to_string(&opts).unwrap()))
+        .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+        let txn = manager
+            .build_update_txn(table_id, &old_region_wal_options, &new_region_wal_options)
+            .unwrap();
+        let ops = txn.req().success.clone();
+        // Should only have Put for new region 1 (region 0 unchanged)
+        assert_eq!(ops.len(), 1);
+        if let TxnOp::Put(key, _) = &ops[0] {
+            let topic_key = TopicRegionKey::from_bytes(key).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(topic_key.region_id, RegionId::new(table_id, 1));
+            assert_eq!(topic_key.topic, "topic_1");
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected Put operation");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_build_update_txn_remove_region() {
+        let kv_backend = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
+        let manager = TopicRegionManager::new(kv_backend.clone());
+        let table_id = 1;
+        let old_region_wal_options = vec![
+            (
+                0,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_0".to_string(),
+                }),
+            ),
+            (
+                1,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_1".to_string(),
+                }),
+            ),
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(num, opts)| (num, serde_json::to_string(&opts).unwrap()))
+        .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+        let new_region_wal_options = vec![(
+            0,
+            WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                topic: "topic_0".to_string(),
+            }),
+        )]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(num, opts)| (num, serde_json::to_string(&opts).unwrap()))
+        .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+        let txn = manager
+            .build_update_txn(table_id, &old_region_wal_options, &new_region_wal_options)
+            .unwrap();
+        let ops = txn.req().success.clone();
+        // Should only have Delete for removed region 1 (region 0 unchanged)
+        assert_eq!(ops.len(), 1);
+        match &ops[0] {
+            TxnOp::Delete(key) => {
+                let topic_key = TopicRegionKey::from_bytes(key).unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(topic_key.region_id, RegionId::new(table_id, 1));
+                assert_eq!(topic_key.topic, "topic_1");
+            }
+            TxnOp::Put(_, _) | TxnOp::Get(_) => {
+                panic!("Expected Delete operation");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_build_update_txn_change_topic() {
+        let kv_backend = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
+        let manager = TopicRegionManager::new(kv_backend.clone());
+        let table_id = 1;
+        let old_region_wal_options = vec![(
+            0,
+            WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                topic: "topic_0".to_string(),
+            }),
+        )]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(num, opts)| (num, serde_json::to_string(&opts).unwrap()))
+        .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+        let new_region_wal_options = vec![(
+            0,
+            WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                topic: "topic_0_new".to_string(),
+            }),
+        )]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(num, opts)| (num, serde_json::to_string(&opts).unwrap()))
+        .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+        let txn = manager
+            .build_update_txn(table_id, &old_region_wal_options, &new_region_wal_options)
+            .unwrap();
+        let ops = txn.req().success.clone();
+        // Should have Delete for old topic and Put for new topic
+        assert_eq!(ops.len(), 2);
+
+        let mut delete_found = false;
+        let mut put_found = false;
+        for op in ops {
+            match op {
+                TxnOp::Delete(key) => {
+                    let topic_key = TopicRegionKey::from_bytes(&key).unwrap();
+                    assert_eq!(topic_key.region_id, RegionId::new(table_id, 0));
+                    assert_eq!(topic_key.topic, "topic_0");
+                    delete_found = true;
+                }
+                TxnOp::Put(key, _) => {
+                    let topic_key = TopicRegionKey::from_bytes(&key).unwrap();
+                    assert_eq!(topic_key.region_id, RegionId::new(table_id, 0));
+                    assert_eq!(topic_key.topic, "topic_0_new");
+                    put_found = true;
+                }
+                TxnOp::Get(_) => {
+                    // Get operations shouldn't appear in this context
+                    panic!("Unexpected Get operation in update transaction");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        assert!(delete_found, "Expected Delete operation for old topic");
+        assert!(put_found, "Expected Put operation for new topic");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_build_update_txn_no_change() {
+        let kv_backend = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
+        let manager = TopicRegionManager::new(kv_backend.clone());
+        let table_id = 1;
+        let region_wal_options = vec![
+            (
+                0,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_0".to_string(),
+                }),
+            ),
+            (
+                1,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_1".to_string(),
+                }),
+            ),
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(num, opts)| (num, serde_json::to_string(&opts).unwrap()))
+        .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+        let txn = manager
+            .build_update_txn(table_id, &region_wal_options, &region_wal_options)
+            .unwrap();
+        // Should have no operations when nothing changes (preserves checkpoint)
+        let ops = txn.req().success.clone();
+        assert_eq!(ops.len(), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_build_update_txn_mixed_scenarios() {
+        let kv_backend = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
+        let manager = TopicRegionManager::new(kv_backend.clone());
+        let table_id = 1;
+        let old_region_wal_options = vec![
+            (
+                0,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_0".to_string(),
+                }),
+            ),
+            (
+                1,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_1".to_string(),
+                }),
+            ),
+            (
+                2,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_2".to_string(),
+                }),
+            ),
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(num, opts)| (num, serde_json::to_string(&opts).unwrap()))
+        .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+        let new_region_wal_options = vec![
+            (
+                0,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_0".to_string(), // Unchanged
+                }),
+            ),
+            (
+                1,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_1_new".to_string(), // Topic changed
+                }),
+            ),
+            // Region 2 removed
+            (
+                3,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_3".to_string(), // New region
+                }),
+            ),
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(num, opts)| (num, serde_json::to_string(&opts).unwrap()))
+        .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+        let txn = manager
+            .build_update_txn(table_id, &old_region_wal_options, &new_region_wal_options)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let ops = txn.req().success.clone();
+        // Should have:
+        // - Delete for region 2 (removed)
+        // - Delete for region 1 old topic (topic changed)
+        // - Put for region 1 new topic (topic changed)
+        // - Put for region 3 (new)
+        // Region 0 unchanged, so no operation
+        assert_eq!(ops.len(), 4);
+
+        let mut delete_ops = 0;
+        let mut put_ops = 0;
+        let mut delete_region_2 = false;
+        let mut delete_region_1_old = false;
+        let mut put_region_1_new = false;
+        let mut put_region_3 = false;
+
+        for op in ops {
+            match op {
+                TxnOp::Delete(key) => {
+                    delete_ops += 1;
+                    let topic_key = TopicRegionKey::from_bytes(&key).unwrap();
+                    match topic_key.region_id.region_number() {
+                        1 => {
+                            assert_eq!(topic_key.topic, "topic_1");
+                            delete_region_1_old = true;
+                        }
+                        2 => {
+                            assert_eq!(topic_key.topic, "topic_2");
+                            delete_region_2 = true;
+                        }
+                        _ => panic!("Unexpected delete operation for region"),
+                    }
+                }
+                TxnOp::Put(key, _) => {
+                    put_ops += 1;
+                    let topic_key: TopicRegionKey<'_> = TopicRegionKey::from_bytes(&key).unwrap();
+                    match topic_key.region_id.region_number() {
+                        1 => {
+                            assert_eq!(topic_key.topic, "topic_1_new");
+                            put_region_1_new = true;
+                        }
+                        3 => {
+                            assert_eq!(topic_key.topic, "topic_3");
+                            put_region_3 = true;
+                        }
+                        _ => panic!("Unexpected put operation for region"),
+                    }
+                }
+                TxnOp::Get(_) => {
+                    panic!("Unexpected Get operation in update transaction");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(delete_ops, 2);
+        assert_eq!(put_ops, 2);
+        assert!(delete_region_2, "Expected delete for removed region 2");
+        assert!(
+            delete_region_1_old,
+            "Expected delete for region 1 old topic"
+        );
+        assert!(put_region_1_new, "Expected put for region 1 new topic");
+        assert!(put_region_3, "Expected put for new region 3");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_build_update_txn_with_raft_engine() {
+        let kv_backend = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
+        let manager = TopicRegionManager::new(kv_backend.clone());
+        let table_id = 1;
+        let old_region_wal_options = vec![
+            (
+                0,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_0".to_string(),
+                }),
+            ),
+            (1, WalOptions::RaftEngine), // Should be ignored
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(num, opts)| (num, serde_json::to_string(&opts).unwrap()))
+        .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+        let new_region_wal_options = vec![
+            (
+                0,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_0".to_string(),
+                }),
+            ),
+            (
+                1,
+                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
+                    topic: "topic_1".to_string(), // Changed from RaftEngine to Kafka
+                }),
+            ),
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(num, opts)| (num, serde_json::to_string(&opts).unwrap()))
+        .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+        let txn = manager
+            .build_update_txn(table_id, &old_region_wal_options, &new_region_wal_options)
+            .unwrap();
+        let ops = txn.req().success.clone();
+        // Should only have Put for region 1 (new Kafka topic)
+        // Region 0 unchanged, so no operation
+        // Region 1 was RaftEngine before (not tracked), so only Put needed
+        assert_eq!(ops.len(), 1);
+        match &ops[0] {
+            TxnOp::Put(key, _) => {
+                let topic_key = TopicRegionKey::from_bytes(key).unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(topic_key.region_id, RegionId::new(table_id, 1));
+                assert_eq!(topic_key.topic, "topic_1");
+            }
+            TxnOp::Delete(_) | TxnOp::Get(_) => {
+                panic!("Expected Put operation for new Kafka region");
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }

src/common/meta/src/kv_backend/rds/mysql.rs

@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_mysql_put() {
         maybe_skip_mysql_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("put_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("put-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"put/";
         prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
         test_kv_put_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_mysql_range() {
         maybe_skip_mysql_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("range_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("range-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"range/";
         prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
         test_kv_range_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_mysql_range_2() {
         maybe_skip_mysql_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("range2_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("range2-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"range2/";
         test_kv_range_2_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
         unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_mysql_all_range() {
         maybe_skip_mysql_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("simple_range_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("simple_range-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"";
         prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
         test_simple_kv_range(&kv_backend).await;
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_mysql_batch_get() {
         maybe_skip_mysql_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("batch_get_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("batch_get-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"batch_get/";
         prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
         test_kv_batch_get_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_mysql_batch_delete() {
         maybe_skip_mysql_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("batch_delete_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("batch_delete-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"batch_delete/";
         prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
         test_kv_delete_range_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_mysql_batch_delete_with_prefix() {
         maybe_skip_mysql_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("batch_delete_with_prefix_test")
+        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("batch_delete_with_prefix-test")
             .await
             .unwrap();
         let prefix = b"batch_delete/";
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_mysql_delete_range() {
         maybe_skip_mysql_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("delete_range_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("delete_range-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"delete_range/";
         prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
         test_kv_delete_range_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_mysql_compare_and_put() {
         maybe_skip_mysql_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("compare_and_put_test")
+        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("compare_and_put-test")
             .await
             .unwrap();
         let prefix = b"compare_and_put/";
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_mysql_txn() {
         maybe_skip_mysql_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("txn_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_mysql_kv_backend("txn-test").await.unwrap();
         test_txn_one_compare_op(&kv_backend).await;
         text_txn_multi_compare_op(&kv_backend).await;
         test_txn_compare_equal(&kv_backend).await;

src/common/meta/src/kv_backend/rds/postgres.rs

@@ -1105,7 +1105,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_pg_put() {
         maybe_skip_postgres_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("put_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("put-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"put/";
         prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
         test_kv_put_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
@@ -1115,7 +1115,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_pg_range() {
         maybe_skip_postgres_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("range_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("range-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"range/";
         prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
         test_kv_range_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
@@ -1125,7 +1125,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_pg_range_2() {
         maybe_skip_postgres_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("range2_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("range2-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"range2/";
         test_kv_range_2_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
         unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
@@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_pg_all_range() {
         maybe_skip_postgres_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("simple_range_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("simple_range-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"";
         prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
         test_simple_kv_range(&kv_backend).await;
@@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_pg_batch_get() {
         maybe_skip_postgres_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("batch_get_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("batch_get-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"batch_get/";
         prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
         test_kv_batch_get_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
@@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_pg_batch_delete() {
         maybe_skip_postgres_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("batch_delete_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("batch_delete-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"batch_delete/";
         prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
         test_kv_delete_range_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
@@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_pg_batch_delete_with_prefix() {
         maybe_skip_postgres_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("batch_delete_with_prefix_test")
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("batch_delete_with_prefix-test")
             .await
             .unwrap();
         let prefix = b"batch_delete/";
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_pg_delete_range() {
         maybe_skip_postgres_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("delete_range_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("delete_range-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"delete_range/";
         prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
         test_kv_delete_range_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
@@ -1186,7 +1186,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_pg_compare_and_put() {
         maybe_skip_postgres_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("compare_and_put_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("compare_and_put-test").await.unwrap();
         let prefix = b"compare_and_put/";
         let kv_backend = Arc::new(kv_backend);
         test_kv_compare_and_put_with_prefix(kv_backend.clone(), prefix.to_vec()).await;
@@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_pg_txn() {
         maybe_skip_postgres_integration_test!();
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("txn_test").await.unwrap();
+        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("txn-test").await.unwrap();
         test_txn_one_compare_op(&kv_backend).await;
         text_txn_multi_compare_op(&kv_backend).await;
         test_txn_compare_equal(&kv_backend).await;

src/common/meta/src/lib.rs

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub mod stats;
 #[cfg(any(test, feature = "testing"))]
 pub mod test_util;
 pub mod util;
-pub mod wal_options_allocator;
+pub mod wal_provider;
 
 // The id of the datanode.
 pub type DatanodeId = u64;

src/common/meta/src/peer.rs

@@ -81,6 +81,13 @@ pub trait PeerAllocator: Send + Sync {
 
 pub type PeerAllocatorRef = Arc<dyn PeerAllocator>;
 
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl<T: PeerAllocator + ?Sized> PeerAllocator for Arc<T> {
+    async fn alloc(&self, num: usize) -> Result<Vec<Peer>, Error> {
+        T::alloc(self, num).await
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct NoopPeerAllocator;
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]

src/common/meta/src/reconciliation/reconcile_logical_tables/reconcile_regions.rs

@@ -144,6 +144,8 @@ impl ReconcileRegions {
 }
 
 /// Creates a region request builder from a raw table info.
+///
+/// Note: This function is primarily intended for creating logical tables or allocating placeholder regions.
 fn create_region_request_from_raw_table_info(
     raw_table_info: &RawTableInfo,
     physical_table_id: TableId,

src/common/meta/src/rpc/ddl.rs

@@ -1639,7 +1639,6 @@ mod tests {
             value_indices: vec![2],
             engine: METRIC_ENGINE_NAME.to_string(),
             next_column_id: 0,
-            region_numbers: vec![0],
             options: Default::default(),
             created_on: Default::default(),
             updated_on: Default::default(),