feat: phi accrual failure detector (#1200)

* feat: add gRPC reflection service

* feat: add gRPC reflection service

.env.example

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 GT_S3_BUCKET=S3 bucket
 GT_S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID=S3 access key id
 GT_S3_ACCESS_KEY=S3 secret access key
-
+GT_S3_ENDPOINT_URL=S3 endpoint url
 # Settings for oss test
 GT_OSS_BUCKET=OSS bucket
 GT_OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=OSS access key id

.github/workflows/develop.yml

@@ -207,6 +207,12 @@ jobs:
         uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: Install latest nextest release
         uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
+      - name: Install Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.10'
+      - name: Install PyArrow Package
+        run: pip install pyarrow
       - name: Install cargo-llvm-cov
         uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-llvm-cov
       - name: Collect coverage data

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -12,13 +12,14 @@ name: Release
 env:
   RUST_TOOLCHAIN: nightly-2023-02-26
 
-  # FIXME(zyy17): Would be better to use `gh release list -L 1 | cut -f 3` to get the latest release version tag, but for a long time, we will stay at 'v0.1.0-alpha-*'.
-  SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION_PREFIX: v0.1.0-alpha
+  SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION_PREFIX: v0.2.0
 
-  # In the future, we can change SCHEDULED_PERIOD to nightly.
-  SCHEDULED_PERIOD: weekly
+  SCHEDULED_PERIOD: nightly
 
-  CARGO_PROFILE: weekly
+  CARGO_PROFILE: nightly
+
+  ## FIXME(zyy17): Enable it after the tests are stabled.
+  DISABLE_RUN_TESTS: true
 
 jobs:
   build:
@@ -30,16 +31,41 @@ jobs:
           - arch: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
             os: ubuntu-2004-16-cores
             file: greptime-linux-amd64
+            continue-on-error: false
           - arch: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
             os: ubuntu-2004-16-cores
             file: greptime-linux-arm64
+            continue-on-error: false
           - arch: aarch64-apple-darwin
             os: macos-latest
             file: greptime-darwin-arm64
+            continue-on-error: false
           - arch: x86_64-apple-darwin
             os: macos-latest
             file: greptime-darwin-amd64
+            continue-on-error: false
+          - arch: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+            os: ubuntu-2004-16-cores
+            file: greptime-linux-amd64-pyo3
+            continue-on-error: false
+            opts: "-F pyo3_backend"
+          - arch: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+            os: ubuntu-2004-16-cores
+            file: greptime-linux-arm64-pyo3
+            continue-on-error: false
+            opts: "-F pyo3_backend"
+          - arch: aarch64-apple-darwin
+            os: macos-latest
+            file: greptime-darwin-arm64-pyo3
+            continue-on-error: false
+            opts: "-F pyo3_backend"
+          - arch: x86_64-apple-darwin
+            os: macos-latest
+            file: greptime-darwin-amd64-pyo3
+            continue-on-error: false
+            opts: "-F pyo3_backend"
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.continue-on-error }}
     if: github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout sources
@@ -93,7 +119,14 @@ jobs:
         if: contains(matrix.arch, 'linux') && endsWith(matrix.arch, '-gnu')
         run: |
           sudo apt-get -y update
-          sudo apt-get -y install libssl-dev pkg-config g++-aarch64-linux-gnu gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu
+          sudo apt-get -y install libssl-dev pkg-config g++-aarch64-linux-gnu gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu binutils-aarch64-linux-gnu wget
+
+      # FIXME(zyy17): Should we specify the version of python when building binary for darwin?
+      - name: Compile Python 3.10.10 from source for linux
+        if: contains(matrix.arch, 'linux') && contains(matrix.opts, 'pyo3_backend')
+        run: |
+          sudo chmod +x ./docker/aarch64/compile-python.sh
+          sudo ./docker/aarch64/compile-python.sh ${{ matrix.arch }}
 
       - name: Install rust toolchain
         uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
@@ -105,10 +138,55 @@ jobs:
         run: protoc --version ; cargo version ; rustc --version ; gcc --version ; g++ --version
 
       - name: Run tests
+        if: env.DISABLE_RUN_TESTS == 'false'
         run: make unit-test integration-test sqlness-test
 
+      - name: Run cargo build with pyo3 for aarch64-linux
+        if: contains(matrix.arch, 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu') && contains(matrix.opts, 'pyo3_backend')
+        run: |
+          # TODO(zyy17): We should make PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR configurable.
+          export PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64=${PWD}/python-3.10.10/amd64
+          export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+          export LIBRARY_PATH=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/lib:$LIBRARY_PATH
+          export PATH=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/bin:$PATH
+
+          export PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR=${PWD}/python-3.10.10/aarch64
+          echo "PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR: $PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR"
+          alias python=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/bin/python3
+          alias pip=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/bin/python3-pip
+
+          cargo build --profile ${{ env.CARGO_PROFILE }} --locked --target ${{ matrix.arch }} ${{ matrix.opts }}
+
+      - name: Run cargo build with pyo3 for amd64-linux
+        if: contains(matrix.arch, 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu') && contains(matrix.opts, 'pyo3_backend')
+        run: |
+          export PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64=${PWD}/python-3.10.10/amd64
+          export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+          export LIBRARY_PATH=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/lib:$LIBRARY_PATH
+          export PATH=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/bin:$PATH
+          
+          echo "implementation=CPython" >> pyo3.config
+          echo "version=3.10" >> pyo3.config
+          echo "implementation=CPython" >> pyo3.config
+          echo "shared=true" >> pyo3.config
+          echo "abi3=true" >> pyo3.config
+          echo "lib_name=python3.10" >> pyo3.config
+          echo "lib_dir=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/lib" >> pyo3.config
+          echo "executable=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/bin/python3" >> pyo3.config
+          echo "pointer_width=64" >> pyo3.config
+          echo "build_flags=" >> pyo3.config
+          echo "suppress_build_script_link_lines=false" >> pyo3.config
+
+          cat pyo3.config
+          export PYO3_CONFIG_FILE=${PWD}/pyo3.config
+          alias python=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/bin/python3
+          alias pip=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/bin/python3-pip
+
+          cargo build --profile ${{ env.CARGO_PROFILE }} --locked --target ${{ matrix.arch }} ${{ matrix.opts }}
+
       - name: Run cargo build
-        run: cargo build ${{ matrix.opts }} --profile ${{ env.CARGO_PROFILE }} --locked --target ${{ matrix.arch }}
+        if: contains(matrix.arch, 'darwin') || contains(matrix.opts, 'pyo3_backend') == false
+        run: cargo build --profile ${{ env.CARGO_PROFILE }} --locked --target ${{ matrix.arch }} ${{ matrix.opts }}
 
       - name: Calculate checksum and rename binary
         shell: bash
@@ -129,48 +207,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           name: ${{ matrix.file }}.sha256sum
           path: target/${{ matrix.arch }}/${{ env.CARGO_PROFILE }}/${{ matrix.file }}.sha256sum
-  release:
-    name: Release artifacts
-    needs: [build]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb'
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout sources
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - name: Download artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-
-      - name: Configure scheduled build version # the version would be ${SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION_PREFIX}-YYYYMMDD-${SCHEDULED_PERIOD}, like v0.1.0-alpha-20221119-weekly.
-        shell: bash
-        if: github.event_name == 'schedule'
-        run: |
-          buildTime=`date "+%Y%m%d"`
-          SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION=${{ env.SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION_PREFIX }}-$buildTime-${{ env.SCHEDULED_PERIOD }}
-          echo "SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION=${SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-      - name: Create scheduled build git tag
-        if: github.event_name == 'schedule'
-        run: |
-          git tag ${{ env.SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION }}
-
-      - name: Publish scheduled release # configure the different release title and tags.
-        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
-        if: github.event_name == 'schedule'
-        with:
-          name: "Release ${{ env.SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION }}"
-          tag_name: ${{ env.SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION }}
-          generate_release_notes: true
-          files: |
-            **/greptime-*
-
-      - name: Publish release
-        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
-        if: github.event_name != 'schedule'
-        with:
-          name: "Release ${{ github.ref_name }}"
-          files: |
-            **/greptime-*
 
   docker:
     name: Build docker image
@@ -181,37 +217,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout sources
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
-      - name: Download amd64 binary
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: greptime-linux-amd64
-          path: amd64
-
-      - name: Unzip the amd64 artifacts
-        run: |
-          cd amd64
-          tar xvf greptime-linux-amd64.tgz
-          rm greptime-linux-amd64.tgz
-
-      - name: Download arm64 binary
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: greptime-linux-arm64
-          path: arm64
-
-      - name: Unzip the arm64 artifacts
-        run: |
-          cd arm64
-          tar xvf greptime-linux-arm64.tgz
-          rm greptime-linux-arm64.tgz
-
-      - name: Login to UCloud Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@v2
-        with:
-          registry: uhub.service.ucloud.cn
-          username: ${{ secrets.UCLOUD_USERNAME }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.UCLOUD_PASSWORD }}
-
       - name: Login to Dockerhub
         uses: docker/login-action@v2
         with:
@@ -239,8 +244,36 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
 
-      - name: Build and push
+      - name: Download amd64 binary
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: greptime-linux-amd64-pyo3
+          path: amd64
+
+      - name: Unzip the amd64 artifacts
+        run: |
+          cd amd64
+          tar xvf greptime-linux-amd64-pyo3.tgz
+          rm greptime-linux-amd64-pyo3.tgz
+
+      - name: Download arm64 binary
+        id: download-arm64
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: greptime-linux-arm64-pyo3
+          path: arm64
+
+      - name: Unzip the arm64 artifacts
+        id: unzip-arm64
+        if: success() || steps.download-arm64.conclusion == 'success'
+        run: |
+          cd arm64
+          tar xvf greptime-linux-arm64-pyo3.tgz
+          rm greptime-linux-arm64-pyo3.tgz
+
+      - name: Build and push all
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v3
+        if: success() || steps.unzip-arm64.conclusion == 'success' # Build and push all platform if unzip-arm64 succeeds
         with:
           context: .
           file: ./docker/ci/Dockerfile
@@ -249,5 +282,105 @@ jobs:
           tags: |
             greptime/greptimedb:latest
             greptime/greptimedb:${{ env.IMAGE_TAG }}
-            uhub.service.ucloud.cn/greptime/greptimedb:latest
-            uhub.service.ucloud.cn/greptime/greptimedb:${{ env.IMAGE_TAG }}
+
+      - name: Build and push amd64 only
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v3
+        if: success() || steps.download-arm64.conclusion == 'failure' # Only build and push amd64 platform if download-arm64 fails
+        with:
+          context: .
+          file: ./docker/ci/Dockerfile
+          push: true
+          platforms: linux/amd64
+          tags: |
+            greptime/greptimedb:latest
+            greptime/greptimedb:${{ env.IMAGE_TAG }}
+
+  release:
+    name: Release artifacts
+    # Release artifacts only when all the artifacts are built successfully.
+    needs: [build,docker]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb'
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout sources
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Download artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+
+      - name: Configure scheduled build version # the version would be ${SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION_PREFIX}-${SCHEDULED_PERIOD}-YYYYMMDD, like v0.2.0-nigthly-20230313.
+        shell: bash
+        if: github.event_name == 'schedule'
+        run: |
+          buildTime=`date "+%Y%m%d"`
+          SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION=${{ env.SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION_PREFIX }}-${{ env.SCHEDULED_PERIOD }}-$buildTime
+          echo "SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION=${SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Create scheduled build git tag
+        if: github.event_name == 'schedule'
+        run: |
+          git tag ${{ env.SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION }}
+
+      - name: Publish scheduled release # configure the different release title and tags.
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
+        if: github.event_name == 'schedule'
+        with:
+          name: "Release ${{ env.SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION }}"
+          tag_name: ${{ env.SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION }}
+          generate_release_notes: true
+          files: |
+            **/greptime-*
+
+      - name: Publish release
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
+        if: github.event_name != 'schedule'
+        with:
+          name: "Release ${{ github.ref_name }}"
+          files: |
+            **/greptime-*
+
+  docker-push-uhub:
+    name: Push docker image to UCloud Container Registry
+    needs: [docker]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb'
+    # Push to uhub may fail(500 error), but we don't want to block the release process. The failed job will be retried manually.
+    continue-on-error: true
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout sources
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+
+      - name: Login to UCloud Container Registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@v2
+        with:
+          registry: uhub.service.ucloud.cn
+          username: ${{ secrets.UCLOUD_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.UCLOUD_PASSWORD }}
+
+      - name: Configure scheduled build image tag # the tag would be ${SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION_PREFIX}-YYYYMMDD-${SCHEDULED_PERIOD}
+        shell: bash
+        if: github.event_name == 'schedule'
+        run: |
+          buildTime=`date "+%Y%m%d"`
+          SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION=${{ env.SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION_PREFIX }}-$buildTime-${{ env.SCHEDULED_PERIOD }}
+          echo "IMAGE_TAG=${SCHEDULED_BUILD_VERSION:1}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Configure tag # If the release tag is v0.1.0, then the image version tag will be 0.1.0.
+        shell: bash
+        if: github.event_name != 'schedule'
+        run: |
+          VERSION=${{ github.ref_name }}
+          echo "IMAGE_TAG=${VERSION:1}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Push image to uhub # Use 'docker buildx imagetools create' to create a new image base on source image.
+        run: |
+          docker buildx imagetools create \
+            --tag uhub.service.ucloud.cn/greptime/greptimedb:latest \
+            --tag uhub.service.ucloud.cn/greptime/greptimedb:${{ env.IMAGE_TAG }} \
+            greptime/greptimedb:${{ env.IMAGE_TAG }}

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ GreptimeDB uses the [Apache 2.0 license](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptim
 
 - To ensure that community is free and confident in its ability to use your contributions, please sign the Contributor License Agreement (CLA) which will be incorporated in the pull request process.
 - Make sure all your codes are formatted and follow the [coding style](https://pingcap.github.io/style-guide/rust/).
-- Make sure all unit tests are passed.
+- Make sure all unit tests are passed (using `cargo test --workspace` or [nextest](https://nexte.st/index.html) `cargo nextest run`).
 - Make sure all clippy warnings are fixed (you can check it locally by running `cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -D warnings -D clippy::print_stdout -D clippy::print_stderr`).
 
 #### `pre-commit` Hooks

Cargo.toml

@@ -7,17 +7,20 @@ members = [
     "src/cmd",
     "src/common/base",
     "src/common/catalog",
+    "src/common/datasource",
     "src/common/error",
     "src/common/function",
     "src/common/function-macro",
     "src/common/grpc",
     "src/common/grpc-expr",
+    "src/common/mem-prof",
     "src/common/procedure",
     "src/common/query",
     "src/common/recordbatch",
     "src/common/runtime",
     "src/common/substrait",
     "src/common/telemetry",
+    "src/common/test-util",
     "src/common/time",
     "src/datanode",
     "src/datatypes",
@@ -43,33 +46,34 @@ members = [
 ]
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.1"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-arrow = "33.0"
-arrow-array = "33.0"
-arrow-flight = "33.0"
-arrow-schema = { version = "33.0", features = ["serde"] }
+arrow = { version = "34.0" }
+arrow-array = "34.0"
+arrow-flight = "34.0"
+arrow-schema = { version = "34.0", features = ["serde"] }
 async-stream = "0.3"
 async-trait = "0.1"
 chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
-datafusion = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "fad360df0132a2fcb264a7c07b2b02f0b1dfc644" }
-datafusion-common = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "fad360df0132a2fcb264a7c07b2b02f0b1dfc644" }
-datafusion-expr = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "fad360df0132a2fcb264a7c07b2b02f0b1dfc644" }
-datafusion-optimizer = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "fad360df0132a2fcb264a7c07b2b02f0b1dfc644" }
-datafusion-physical-expr = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "fad360df0132a2fcb264a7c07b2b02f0b1dfc644" }
-datafusion-sql = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "fad360df0132a2fcb264a7c07b2b02f0b1dfc644" }
+datafusion = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "146a949218ec970784974137277cde3b4e547d0a" }
+datafusion-common = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "146a949218ec970784974137277cde3b4e547d0a" }
+datafusion-expr = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "146a949218ec970784974137277cde3b4e547d0a" }
+datafusion-optimizer = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "146a949218ec970784974137277cde3b4e547d0a" }
+datafusion-physical-expr = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "146a949218ec970784974137277cde3b4e547d0a" }
+datafusion-sql = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "146a949218ec970784974137277cde3b4e547d0a" }
 futures = "0.3"
 futures-util = "0.3"
-parquet = "33.0"
+parquet = "34.0"
 paste = "1.0"
 prost = "0.11"
+rand = "0.8"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0"
 snafu = { version = "0.7", features = ["backtraces"] }
-sqlparser = "0.30"
+sqlparser = "0.32"
 tempfile = "3"
 tokio = { version = "1.24.2", features = ["full"] }
 tokio-util = "0.7"
@@ -79,7 +83,7 @@ uuid = { version = "1", features = ["serde", "v4", "fast-rng"] }
 [profile.release]
 debug = true
 
-[profile.weekly]
+[profile.nightly]
 inherits = "release"
 strip = true
 lto = "thin"

README.md

@@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ To compile GreptimeDB from source, you'll need:
   find an installation instructions [here](https://grpc.io/docs/protoc-installation/).
   **Note that `protoc` version needs to be >= 3.15** because we have used the `optional`
   keyword. You can check it with `protoc --version`.
-- python3-dev or python3-devel(Optional, only needed if you want to run scripts
-  in cpython): this install a Python shared library required for running python
+- python3-dev or python3-devel(Optional feature, only needed if you want to run scripts
+  in CPython, and also need to enable `pyo3_backend` feature when compiling(by `cargo run -F pyo3_backend` or add `pyo3_backend` to src/script/Cargo.toml 's `features.default` like `default = ["python", "pyo3_backend]`)): this install a Python shared library required for running Python
   scripting engine(In CPython Mode). This is available as `python3-dev` on
   ubuntu, you can install it with `sudo apt install python3-dev`, or
   `python3-devel` on RPM based distributions (e.g. Fedora, Red Hat, SuSE). Mac's
-  `Python3` package should have this shared library by default.
+  `Python3` package should have this shared library by default. More detail for compiling with PyO3 can be found in [PyO3](https://pyo3.rs/v0.18.1/building_and_distribution#configuring-the-python-version)'s documentation.
 
 #### Build with Docker
 
@@ -147,9 +147,9 @@ You can always cleanup test database by removing `/tmp/greptimedb`.
 ### Installation
 
 - [Pre-built Binaries](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/releases):
-  downloadable pre-built binaries for Linux and MacOS
-- [Docker Images](https://hub.docker.com/r/greptime/greptimedb): pre-built
-  Docker images
+  For Linux and macOS, you can easily download pre-built binaries that are ready to use. In most cases, downloading the version without PyO3 is sufficient. However, if you plan to run scripts in CPython (and use Python packages like NumPy and Pandas), you will need to download the version with PyO3 and install a Python with the same version as the Python in the PyO3 version. We recommend using virtualenv for the installation process to manage multiple Python versions.
+- [Docker Images](https://hub.docker.com/r/greptime/greptimedb)(**recommended**): pre-built
+  Docker images, this is the easiest way to try GreptimeDB. By default it runs CPython script with `pyo3_backend` enabled.
 - [`gtctl`](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/gtctl): the command-line tool for
   Kubernetes deployment
 

benchmarks/src/bin/nyc-taxi.rs

@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::time::Instant;
 
-use arrow::array::{ArrayRef, PrimitiveArray, StringArray, TimestampNanosecondArray};
+use arrow::array::{ArrayRef, PrimitiveArray, StringArray, TimestampMicrosecondArray};
 use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Float64Type, Int64Type};
 use arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch;
 use clap::Parser;
 use client::api::v1::column::Values;
-use client::api::v1::{Column, ColumnDataType, ColumnDef, CreateTableExpr, InsertRequest, TableId};
+use client::api::v1::{Column, ColumnDataType, ColumnDef, CreateTableExpr, InsertRequest};
 use client::{Client, Database, DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME};
 use indicatif::{MultiProgress, ProgressBar, ProgressStyle};
 use parquet::arrow::arrow_reader::ParquetRecordBatchReaderBuilder;
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ struct Args {
     #[arg(long = "skip-read")]
     skip_read: bool,
 
-    #[arg(short, long, default_value_t = String::from("127.0.0.1:3001"))]
+    #[arg(short, long, default_value_t = String::from("127.0.0.1:4001"))]
     endpoint: String,
 }
 
@@ -97,6 +97,9 @@ async fn write_data(
 
     for record_batch in record_batch_reader {
         let record_batch = record_batch.unwrap();
+        if !is_record_batch_full(&record_batch) {
+            continue;
+        }
         let (columns, row_count) = convert_record_batch(record_batch);
         let request = InsertRequest {
             table_name: TABLE_NAME.to_string(),
@@ -122,11 +125,16 @@ fn convert_record_batch(record_batch: RecordBatch) -> (Vec<Column>, u32) {
     let mut columns = vec![];
 
     for (array, field) in record_batch.columns().iter().zip(fields.iter()) {
-        let values = build_values(array);
+        let (values, datatype) = build_values(array);
         let column = Column {
             column_name: field.name().to_owned(),
             values: Some(values),
-            null_mask: vec![],
+            null_mask: array
+                .data()
+                .null_bitmap()
+                .map(|bitmap| bitmap.buffer().as_slice().to_vec())
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            datatype: datatype.into(),
             // datatype and semantic_type are set to default
             ..Default::default()
         };
@@ -136,7 +144,7 @@ fn convert_record_batch(record_batch: RecordBatch) -> (Vec<Column>, u32) {
     (columns, row_count as _)
 }
 
-fn build_values(column: &ArrayRef) -> Values {
+fn build_values(column: &ArrayRef) -> (Values, ColumnDataType) {
     match column.data_type() {
         DataType::Int64 => {
             let array = column
@@ -144,10 +152,13 @@ fn build_values(column: &ArrayRef) -> Values {
                 .downcast_ref::<PrimitiveArray<Int64Type>>()
                 .unwrap();
             let values = array.values();
-            Values {
-                i64_values: values.to_vec(),
-                ..Default::default()
-            }
+            (
+                Values {
+                    i64_values: values.to_vec(),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                ColumnDataType::Int64,
+            )
         }
         DataType::Float64 => {
             let array = column
@@ -155,29 +166,38 @@ fn build_values(column: &ArrayRef) -> Values {
                 .downcast_ref::<PrimitiveArray<Float64Type>>()
                 .unwrap();
             let values = array.values();
-            Values {
-                f64_values: values.to_vec(),
-                ..Default::default()
-            }
+            (
+                Values {
+                    f64_values: values.to_vec(),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                ColumnDataType::Float64,
+            )
         }
         DataType::Timestamp(_, _) => {
             let array = column
                 .as_any()
-                .downcast_ref::<TimestampNanosecondArray>()
+                .downcast_ref::<TimestampMicrosecondArray>()
                 .unwrap();
             let values = array.values();
-            Values {
-                i64_values: values.to_vec(),
-                ..Default::default()
-            }
+            (
+                Values {
+                    i64_values: values.to_vec(),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                ColumnDataType::Int64,
+            )
         }
         DataType::Utf8 => {
             let array = column.as_any().downcast_ref::<StringArray>().unwrap();
             let values = array.iter().filter_map(|s| s.map(String::from)).collect();
-            Values {
-                string_values: values,
-                ..Default::default()
-            }
+            (
+                Values {
+                    string_values: values,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                ColumnDataType::String,
+            )
         }
         DataType::Null
         | DataType::Boolean
@@ -213,6 +233,10 @@ fn build_values(column: &ArrayRef) -> Values {
     }
 }
 
+fn is_record_batch_full(batch: &RecordBatch) -> bool {
+    batch.columns().iter().all(|col| col.null_count() == 0)
+}
+
 fn create_table_expr() -> CreateTableExpr {
     CreateTableExpr {
         catalog_name: CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
@@ -340,7 +364,7 @@ fn create_table_expr() -> CreateTableExpr {
         create_if_not_exists: false,
         table_options: Default::default(),
         region_ids: vec![0],
-        table_id: Some(TableId { id: 0 }),
+        table_id: None,
     }
 }
 

config/datanode.example.toml

@@ -10,10 +10,6 @@ rpc_addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
 rpc_hostname = "127.0.0.1"
 # The number of gRPC server worker threads, 8 by default.
 rpc_runtime_size = 8
-# MySQL server address, "127.0.0.1:4406" by default.
-mysql_addr = "127.0.0.1:4406"
-# The number of MySQL server worker threads, 2 by default.
-mysql_runtime_size = 2
 
 # Metasrv client options.
 [meta_client_options]
@@ -48,5 +44,7 @@ max_purge_tasks = 32
 
 # Procedure storage options, see `standalone.example.toml`.
 # [procedure.store]
-# type = 'File'
-# data_dir = '/tmp/greptimedb/procedure/'
+# type = "File"
+# data_dir = "/tmp/greptimedb/procedure/"
+# max_retry_times = 3
+# retry_delay = "500ms"

config/frontend.example.toml

@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ enable = true
 [prometheus_options]
 enable = true
 
-# PromQL protocol options, see `standalone.example.toml`.
-[promql_options]
+# Prometheus protocol options, see `standalone.example.toml`.
+[prom_options]
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4004"
 
 # Metasrv client options, see `datanode.example.toml`.

config/standalone.example.toml

@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ enable = true
 # Whether to enable Prometheus remote write and read in HTTP API, true by default.
 enable = true
 
-# PromQL protocol options.
-[promql_options]
-# PromQL server address, "127.0.0.1:4004" by default.
+# Prom protocol options.
+[prom_options]
+# Prometheus API server address, "127.0.0.1:4004" by default.
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4004"
 
 # WAL options.
@@ -114,3 +114,7 @@ max_purge_tasks = 32
 # type = "File"
 # # Procedure data path.
 # data_dir = "/tmp/greptimedb/procedure/"
+# # Procedure max retry time.
+# max_retry_times = 3
+# # Initial retry delay of procedures, increases exponentially
+# retry_delay = "500ms"

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
     curl \
     build-essential \
     pkg-config \
-    python3-dev
+    python3 \
+    python3-dev \
+    && pip install pyarrow
 
 # Install Rust.
 SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]

docker/aarch64/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+FROM ubuntu:22.04 as builder
+
+ENV LANG en_US.utf8
+WORKDIR /greptimedb
+
+# Install dependencies.
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    libssl-dev \
+    protobuf-compiler \
+    curl \
+    build-essential \
+    pkg-config \
+    wget
+
+# Install Rust.
+SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]
+RUN curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- --no-modify-path --default-toolchain none -y
+ENV PATH /root/.cargo/bin/:$PATH
+
+# Install cross platform toolchain
+RUN apt-get -y update && \
+    apt-get -y install g++-aarch64-linux-gnu gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu && \
+    apt-get install binutils-aarch64-linux-gnu
+
+COPY ./docker/aarch64/compile-python.sh ./docker/aarch64/
+RUN chmod +x ./docker/aarch64/compile-python.sh && \
+    ./docker/aarch64/compile-python.sh
+
+COPY ./rust-toolchain.toml .
+# Install rustup target for cross compiling.
+RUN rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+COPY . .
+# Update dependency, using separate `RUN` to separate cache
+RUN cargo fetch
+
+# This three env var is set in script, so I set it manually in dockerfile.
+ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib/
+ENV LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib/
+ENV PY_INSTALL_PATH=/greptimedb/python_arm64_build
+
+# Set the environment variable for cross compiling and compile it
+# cross compiled python is `python3` in path, but pyo3 need `python` in path so alias it
+# Build the project in release mode.
+RUN export PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR=$PY_INSTALL_PATH/lib && \ 
+    alias python=python3 && \
+    cargo build --target aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu --release -F pyo3_backend
+
+# Exporting the binary to the clean image
+FROM ubuntu:22.04 as base
+
+RUN apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y install ca-certificates
+
+WORKDIR /greptime
+COPY --from=builder /greptimedb/target/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/release/greptime /greptime/bin/
+ENV PATH /greptime/bin/:$PATH
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["greptime"]

docker/aarch64/compile-python.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e
+
+# this script will download Python source code, compile it, and install it to /usr/local/lib
+# then use this python to compile cross-compiled python for aarch64
+ARCH=$1
+PYTHON_VERSION=3.10.10
+PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR=Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}
+PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64=${PWD}/python-${PYTHON_VERSION}/amd64
+PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AARCH64=${PWD}/python-${PYTHON_VERSION}/aarch64
+
+function download_python_source_code() {
+  wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/$PYTHON_VERSION/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tgz
+  tar -xvf Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tgz
+}
+
+function compile_for_amd64_platform() {
+  mkdir -p "$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64"
+
+  echo "Compiling for amd64 platform..."
+
+  ./configure \
+    --prefix="$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64" \
+    --enable-shared \
+    ac_cv_pthread_is_default=no ac_cv_pthread=yes ac_cv_cxx_thread=yes \
+    ac_cv_have_long_long_format=yes \
+    --disable-ipv6 ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=no ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no
+
+  make
+  make install
+}
+
+# explain Python compile options here a bit:s
+# --enable-shared: enable building a shared Python library (default is no) but we do need it for calling from rust
+# CC, CXX, AR, LD, RANLIB: set the compiler, archiver, linker, and ranlib programs to use
+# build: the machine you are building on, host: the machine you will run the compiled program on
+# --with-system-ffi: build _ctypes module using an installed ffi library, see Doc/library/ctypes.rst, not used in here TODO: could remove
+# ac_cv_pthread_is_default=no ac_cv_pthread=yes ac_cv_cxx_thread=yes:
+# allow cross-compiled python to have -pthread set for CXX, see https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/22525
+# ac_cv_have_long_long_format=yes: target platform supports long long type
+# disable-ipv6: disable ipv6 support, we don't need it in here
+# ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=no ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no: disable pty support, we don't need it in here
+function compile_for_aarch64_platform() {
+  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+  export LIBRARY_PATH=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/lib:$LIBRARY_PATH
+  export PATH=$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AMD64/bin:$PATH
+
+  mkdir -p "$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AARCH64"
+
+  echo "Compiling for aarch64 platform..."
+  echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH: $LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
+  echo "LIBRARY_PATH: $LIBRARY_PATH"
+  echo "PATH: $PATH"
+
+  ./configure --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=aarch64-linux-gnu \
+    --prefix="$PYTHON_INSTALL_PATH_AARCH64" --enable-optimizations \
+    CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
+    CXX=aarch64-linux-gnu-g++ \
+    AR=aarch64-linux-gnu-ar \
+    LD=aarch64-linux-gnu-ld \
+    RANLIB=aarch64-linux-gnu-ranlib \
+    --enable-shared \
+    ac_cv_pthread_is_default=no ac_cv_pthread=yes ac_cv_cxx_thread=yes \
+    ac_cv_have_long_long_format=yes \
+    --disable-ipv6 ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=no ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no
+
+  make
+  make altinstall
+}
+
+# Main script starts here.
+download_python_source_code
+
+# Enter the python source code directory.
+cd $PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR || exit 1
+
+# Build local python first, then build cross-compiled python.
+compile_for_amd64_platform
+
+# Clean the build directory.
+make clean && make distclean
+
+# Cross compile python for aarch64.
+if [ "$ARCH" = "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu" ]; then
+  compile_for_aarch64_platform
+fi

docker/ci/Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 FROM ubuntu:22.04
 
-RUN apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y install ca-certificates
+RUN apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y \
+    ca-certificates \
+    python3.10 \
+    python3.10-dev \
+    python3-pip
+
+RUN python3 -m pip install pyarrow
 
 ARG TARGETARCH
 

docs/rfcs/2023-03-08-region-fault-tolerance.md

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+---
+Feature Name: "Fault Tolerance for Region"
+Tracking Issue: https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/issues/1126
+Date: 2023-03-08
+Author: "Luo Fucong <luofucong@greptime.com>"
+---
+
+Fault Tolerance for Region
+----------------------
+
+# Summary
+
+This RFC proposes a method to achieve fault tolerance for regions in GreptimeDB's distributed mode. Or, put it in another way, achieving region high availability("HA") for GreptimeDB cluster. 
+
+In this RFC, we mainly describe two aspects of region HA: how region availability is detected, and what recovery process is need to be taken. We also discuss some alternatives and future work.
+
+When this feature is done, our users could expect a GreptimeDB cluster that can always handle their requests to regions, despite some requests may failed during the region failover. The optimization to reduce the MTTR(Mean Time To Recovery) is not a concern of this RPC, and is left for future work.
+
+# Motivation
+
+Fault tolerance for regions is a critical feature for our clients to use the GreptimeDB cluster confidently. High availability for users to interact with their stored data is a "must have" for any TSDB products, that include our GreptimeDB cluster.
+
+# Details
+
+## Background
+
+Some backgrounds about region in distributed mode:
+
+- A table is logically split into multiple regions. Each region stores a part of non-overlapping table data.
+- Regions are distributed in Datanodes, the mappings are not static, are assigned and governed by Metasrv.
+- In distributed mode, client requests are scoped in regions. To be more specific, when a request that needs to scan multiple regions arrived in Frontend, Frontend splits the request into multiple sub-requests, each of which scans one region only, and submits them to Datanodes that hold corresponding regions. 
+
+In conclusion, as long as regions remain available, and regions could regain availability when failures do occur, the overall region HA could be achieved. With this in mind, let's see how region failures are detected first. 
+
+## Failure Detection
+
+We detect region failures in Metasrv, and do it both passively and actively. Passively means that Metasrv do not fire some "are you healthy" requests to regions. Instead, we carry region healthy information in the heartbeat requests that are submit to Metasrv by Datanodes. 
+
+Datanode already carries its regions stats in the heartbeat request (the non-relevant fields are omitted):
+
+```protobuf
+message HeartbeatRequest {
+  ...
+  // Region stats on this node
+  repeated RegionStat region_stats = 6;
+  ...
+}
+
+message RegionStat {
+  uint64 region_id = 1;
+  TableName table_name = 2;
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+For the sake of simplicity, we don't add another field `bool available = 3` to the `RegionStat` message; instead, if the region were unavailable in the view of the Datanode that contains it, the Datanode just not includes the `RegionStat` of it in the heartbeat request. Or, if the Datanode itself is not unavailable, the heartbeat request is not submitted, effectively the same with not carrying the `RegionStat`.
+
+> The heartbeat interval is now hardcoded to five seconds.
+
+Metasrv gathers the heartbeat requests, extracts the `RegionStat`s, and treat them as region heartbeat. In this way, Metasrv maintains all regions healthy information. If some region's heartbeats were not received in a period of time, Metasrv speculates the region might be unavailable. To make the decision whether a region is failed or not, Metasrv uses a failure detection algorithm called the "[Phi φ Accrual Failure Detection](https://medium.com/@arpitbhayani/phi-%CF%86-accrual-failure-detection-79c21ce53a7a)". Basically, the algorithm calculates a value called "phi" to represent the possibility of a region's unavailability, based on the historical heartbeats' arrived rate. Once the "phi" is above some pre-defined threshold, Metasrv knows the region is failed.
+
+> This algorithm has been widely adopted in some well known products, like Akka and Cassandra.
+
+When Metasrv decides some region is failed from heartbeats, it's not the final decision. Here comes the "actively" detection. Before Metasrv decides to do region failover, it actively invokes the healthy check interface of the Datanode that the failure region resides. Only this healthy check is failed does Metasrv actually start doing failover upon the region.
+
+To conclude, the failure detection pseudo-codes are like this:
+
+```rust
+// in Metasrv:
+fn failure_detection() {
+    loop {
+        // passive detection
+        let failed_regions = all_regions.iter().filter(|r| r.estimated_failure_possibility() > config.phi).collect();
+
+        // find the datanodes that contains the failed regions
+        let datanodes_and_regions = find_region_resides_datanodes(failed_regions);
+
+        // active detection  
+        for (datanode, regions) in datanodes_and_regions {
+            if !datanode.is_healthy(regions) {
+                do_failover(datanode, regions);
+            }
+        }
+
+        sleep(config.detect_interval);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Some design considerations:
+
+- Why active detecting while we have passively detection? Because it could be happened that the network is singly connectable sometimes (especially in the complex Cloud environment), then the Datanode's heartbeats cannot reach Metasrv, while Metasrv could request Datanode. Active detecting avoid this false positive situation.
+- Why the detection works on region instead of Datanode? Because we might face the possibility that only part of the regions in the Datanode are not available, not ALL regions. Especially the situation that Datanodes are used by multiple tenants. If this is the case, it's better to do failover upon the designated regions instead of the whole regions that reside on the Datanode. All in all, we want a more subtle control over region failover. 
+
+So we detect some regions are not available. How to regain the availability back?
+
+## Region Failover
+
+Region Failover largely relies on remote WAL, aka "[Bunshin](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/bunshin)". I'm not including any of the details of it in this RFC, let's just assume we already have it.
+
+In general, region failover is fairly simple. Once Metasrv decides to do failover upon some regions, it first chooses one or more Datanodes to hold the failed region. This can be done easily, as the Metasrv already has the whole picture of Datanodes: it knows which Datanode has the minimum regions, what Datanode historically had the lowest CPU usage and IO rate, and how the Datanodes are assigned to tenants, among other information that can all help the Metasrv choose the most suitable Datanodes. Let's call these chosen Datanodes as "candidates".
+
+> The strategy to choose the most suitable candidates required careful design, but it's another RFC.
+
+Then, Metasrv sets the states of these failed regions as "passive". We should add a field to `Region`:
+
+```protobuf
+message Region {
+  uint64 id = 1;
+  string name = 2;
+  Partition partition = 3;
+  
+  message State {
+    Active,
+    Passive,
+  }
+  State state = 4;
+  
+  map<string, string> attrs = 100;
+}
+```
+
+Here `Region` is used in message `RegionRoute`, which indicates how the write request is split among regions. When a region is set as "passive", Frontend knows the write to it should be rejected at the moment (the region read is not blocked, however).
+
+> Making a region "passive" here is effectively blocking the write to it. It's ok in the failover situation, the region is failed anyway. However, when dealing with active maintenance operations, region state requires more refined design. But that's another story. 
+
+Third, Metasrv fires the "close region" requests to the failed Datanodes, and fires the "open region" requests to those candidates. "Close region" requests might be failed due to the unavailability of Datanodes, but that's fine, it's just a best-effort attempt to reduce the chance of any in-flight writes got handled unintentionally after the region is set as "passive". The "open region" requests must have succeeded though. Datanodes open regions from remote WAL.
+
+> Currently the "close region" is undefined in Datanode. It could be a local cache clean up of region data or other resources tidy up.
+
+Finally, when a candidate successfully opens its region, it calls back to Metasrv, indicating it is ready to handle region. "call back" here is backed by its heartbeat to Metasrv. Metasrv updates the region's state to "active", so as to let Frontend lifts the restrictions of region writes (again, the read part of region is untouched).
+
+All the above steps should be managed by remote procedure framework. It's another implementation challenge in the region failover feature. (One is the remote WAL of course.)
+
+A picture is worth a 1000 words:
+
+```text
+                                    +-------------------------+                                        
+                                    | Metasrv detects region  |                                        
+                                    | failure                 |                                        
+                                    +-------------------------+                                        
+                                                 |                                                     
+                                                 v                                                     
+                                    +----------------------------+                                        
+                                    | Metasrv chooses candidates |                                        
+                                    | to hold failed regions     |                                        
+                                    +----------------------------+                                        
+                                                 |                                                     
+                                                 v                                                     
+                                    +-------------------------+       +-------------------------+      
+                                    | Metasrv "passive" the   |------>| Frontend rejects writes |      
+                                    | failed regions          |       | to "passive" regions    |      
+                                    +-------------------------+       +-------------------------+      
+                                                 |                                                     
+                                                 v                                                     
++--------------------------+        +---------------------------+                                        
+| Candidate Datanodes open |<-------| Metasrv fires "close" and |                                        
+| regions from remote WAL  |        | "open" region requests    |                                        
++--------------------------+        +---------------------------+                                        
+             |                                                                                         
+             |                                                                                         
+             |                      +-------------------------+       +-------------------------+      
+             +--------------------->| Metasrv "active" the    |------>| Frontend lifts write    |      
+                                    | failed regions          |       | restriction to regions  |      
+                                    +-------------------------+       +-------------------------+      
+                                                 |                                                     
+                                                 v                                                     
+                                    +-------------------------+                                        
+                                    | Region failover done,   |                                        
+                                    | HA regain               |                                        
+                                    +-------------------------+                                        
+```
+
+# Alternatives
+
+## The "Neon" Way
+
+Remote WAL raises a problem that could harm the write throughput of GreptimeDB cluster: each write request has to do at least two remote call, one is from Frontend to Datanode, and one is from Datanode to remote WAL. What if we do it the "[Neon](https://github.com/neondatabase/neon)" way, making remote WAL sits in between the Frontend and Datanode, couldn't that improve our write throughput? It could, though there're some consistency issues like "read-your-writes" to solve.
+
+However, the main concerns we don't adopt this method are two-fold:
+
+1. Remote WAL is planned to be quorum based, it can be efficiently written;
+2. More importantly, we are planning to make the remote WAL an option that users could choose not to enable it (at the cost of some reliability reduction).
+
+## No WAL, Replication instead
+
+This method replicates region across Datanodes directly, like the common way in shared-nothing database. Were the main region failed, a standby region in the replicate group is elected as new "main" and take the read/write requests. The main concern to this method is the incompatibility to our current architecture and code structure. It requires a major redesign, but gains no significant advantage over the remote WAL method. 
+
+However, the replication does have its own advantage that we can learn from to optimize this failover procedure.
+
+# Future Work
+
+Some optimizations we could take:
+
+- To reduce the MTTR, we could make Metasrv chooses the candidate to each region at normal time. The candidate does some preparation works to reduce the open region time, effectively accelerate the failover procedure.
+- We can adopt the replication method, to the degree that region replicas are used as the fast catch-up candidates. The data difference among replicas is minor, region failover does not need to load or exchange too much data, greatly reduced the region failover time.

scripts/install.sh

@@ -59,5 +59,5 @@ if [ -n "${OS_TYPE}" ] && [ -n "${ARCH_TYPE}" ]; then
         wget "https://github.com/${GITHUB_ORG}/${GITHUB_REPO}/releases/download/${VERSION}/${BIN}-${OS_TYPE}-${ARCH_TYPE}.tgz"
     fi
 
-    tar xvf ${BIN}-${OS_TYPE}-${ARCH_TYPE}.tgz && rm ${BIN}-${OS_TYPE}-${ARCH_TYPE}.tgz && echo "Run '${BIN} --help' to get started"
+    tar xvf ${BIN}-${OS_TYPE}-${ARCH_TYPE}.tgz && rm ${BIN}-${OS_TYPE}-${ARCH_TYPE}.tgz && echo "Run './${BIN} --help' to get started"
 fi

src/api/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ common-base = { path = "../common/base" }
 common-error = { path = "../common/error" }
 common-time = { path = "../common/time" }
 datatypes = { path = "../datatypes" }
-greptime-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto.git", rev = "1599ae2a0d1d8f42ee23ed26e4ad7a7b34134c60" }
+greptime-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto.git", rev = "eb760d219206c77dd3a105ecb6a3ba97d9d650ec" }
 prost.workspace = true
 snafu = { version = "0.7", features = ["backtraces"] }
 tonic.workspace = true

src/catalog/Cargo.toml

@@ -18,12 +18,14 @@ common-recordbatch = { path = "../common/recordbatch" }
 common-runtime = { path = "../common/runtime" }
 common-telemetry = { path = "../common/telemetry" }
 common-time = { path = "../common/time" }
+dashmap = "5.4"
 datafusion.workspace = true
 datatypes = { path = "../datatypes" }
 futures = "0.3"
 futures-util.workspace = true
 lazy_static = "1.4"
 meta-client = { path = "../meta-client" }
+parking_lot = "0.12"
 regex = "1.6"
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0"
@@ -34,10 +36,10 @@ table = { path = "../table" }
 tokio.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+common-test-util = { path = "../common/test-util" }
 chrono.workspace = true
 log-store = { path = "../log-store" }
 mito = { path = "../mito", features = ["test"] }
 object-store = { path = "../object-store" }
 storage = { path = "../storage" }
-tempdir = "0.3"
 tokio.workspace = true

src/catalog/src/error.rs

@@ -204,6 +204,21 @@ pub enum Error {
 
     #[snafu(display("Illegal access to catalog: {} and schema: {}", catalog, schema))]
     QueryAccessDenied { catalog: String, schema: String },
+
+    #[snafu(display(
+        "Failed to get region stats, catalog: {}, schema: {}, table: {}, source: {}",
+        catalog,
+        schema,
+        table,
+        source
+    ))]
+    RegionStats {
+        catalog: String,
+        schema: String,
+        table: String,
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: table::error::Error,
+    },
 }
 
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
@@ -238,7 +253,8 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             | Error::InsertCatalogRecord { source, .. }
             | Error::OpenTable { source, .. }
             | Error::CreateTable { source, .. }
-            | Error::DeregisterTable { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
+            | Error::DeregisterTable { source, .. }
+            | Error::RegionStats { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
 
             Error::MetaSrv { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
             Error::SystemCatalogTableScan { source } => source.status_code(),

src/catalog/src/lib.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ use std::any::Any;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use common_telemetry::info;
+use api::v1::meta::{RegionStat, TableName};
+use common_telemetry::{info, warn};
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
 use table::engine::{EngineContext, TableEngineRef};
 use table::metadata::TableId;
@@ -225,9 +226,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn handle_system_table_request<'a, M: CatalogManager>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-/// The number of regions in the datanode node.
-pub async fn region_number(catalog_manager: &CatalogManagerRef) -> Result<u64> {
+/// The stat of regions in the datanode node.
+/// The number of regions can be got from len of vec.
+pub async fn datanode_stat(catalog_manager: &CatalogManagerRef) -> Result<(u64, Vec<RegionStat>)> {
     let mut region_number: u64 = 0;
+    let mut region_stats = Vec::new();
 
     for catalog_name in catalog_manager.catalog_names()? {
         let catalog =
@@ -256,8 +259,29 @@ pub async fn region_number(catalog_manager: &CatalogManagerRef) -> Result<u64> {
 
                 let region_numbers = &table.table_info().meta.region_numbers;
                 region_number += region_numbers.len() as u64;
+
+                match table.region_stats() {
+                    Ok(stats) => {
+                        let stats = stats.into_iter().map(|stat| RegionStat {
+                            region_id: stat.region_id,
+                            table_name: Some(TableName {
+                                catalog_name: catalog_name.clone(),
+                                schema_name: schema_name.clone(),
+                                table_name: table_name.clone(),
+                            }),
+                            approximate_bytes: stat.disk_usage_bytes as i64,
+                            ..Default::default()
+                        });
+
+                        region_stats.extend(stats);
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        warn!("Failed to get region status, err: {:?}", e);
+                    }
+                };
             }
         }
     }
-    Ok(region_number)
+
+    Ok((region_number, region_stats))
 }

src/catalog/src/remote/manager.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::any::Any;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@ use async_stream::stream;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use common_catalog::consts::{DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, MIN_USER_TABLE_ID};
 use common_telemetry::{debug, error, info};
+use dashmap::DashMap;
 use futures::Stream;
 use futures_util::StreamExt;
+use parking_lot::RwLock;
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
 use table::engine::{EngineContext, TableEngineRef};
 use table::metadata::TableId;
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ use crate::error::{
 use crate::helper::{
     build_catalog_prefix, build_schema_prefix, build_table_global_prefix, CatalogKey, CatalogValue,
     SchemaKey, SchemaValue, TableGlobalKey, TableGlobalValue, TableRegionalKey, TableRegionalValue,
+    CATALOG_KEY_PREFIX,
 };
 use crate::remote::{Kv, KvBackendRef};
 use crate::{
@@ -51,10 +54,9 @@ use crate::{
 pub struct RemoteCatalogManager {
     node_id: u64,
     backend: KvBackendRef,
-    catalogs: Arc<ArcSwap<HashMap<String, CatalogProviderRef>>>,
+    catalogs: Arc<RwLock<DashMap<String, CatalogProviderRef>>>,
     engine: TableEngineRef,
     system_table_requests: Mutex<Vec<RegisterSystemTableRequest>>,
-    mutex: Arc<Mutex<()>>,
 }
 
 impl RemoteCatalogManager {
@@ -65,7 +67,6 @@ impl RemoteCatalogManager {
             backend,
             catalogs: Default::default(),
             system_table_requests: Default::default(),
-            mutex: Default::default(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -386,7 +387,14 @@ impl CatalogManager for RemoteCatalogManager {
             "Initialized catalogs: {:?}",
             catalogs.keys().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>()
         );
-        self.catalogs.store(Arc::new(catalogs));
+
+        {
+            let self_catalogs = self.catalogs.read();
+            catalogs.into_iter().for_each(|(k, v)| {
+                self_catalogs.insert(k, v);
+            });
+        }
+
         info!("Max table id allocated: {}", max_table_id);
 
         let mut system_table_requests = self.system_table_requests.lock().await;
@@ -504,12 +512,10 @@ impl CatalogList for RemoteCatalogManager {
     ) -> Result<Option<CatalogProviderRef>> {
         let key = self.build_catalog_key(&name).to_string();
         let backend = self.backend.clone();
-        let mutex = self.mutex.clone();
         let catalogs = self.catalogs.clone();
 
         std::thread::spawn(|| {
             common_runtime::block_on_write(async move {
-                let _guard = mutex.lock().await;
                 backend
                     .set(
                         key.as_bytes(),
@@ -518,11 +524,10 @@ impl CatalogList for RemoteCatalogManager {
                             .context(InvalidCatalogValueSnafu)?,
                     )
                     .await?;
-                let prev_catalogs = catalogs.load();
-                let mut new_catalogs = HashMap::with_capacity(prev_catalogs.len() + 1);
-                new_catalogs.clone_from(&prev_catalogs);
-                let prev = new_catalogs.insert(name, catalog);
-                catalogs.store(Arc::new(new_catalogs));
+
+                let catalogs = catalogs.read();
+                let prev = catalogs.insert(name, catalog.clone());
+
                 Ok(prev)
             })
         })
@@ -532,12 +537,65 @@ impl CatalogList for RemoteCatalogManager {
 
     /// List all catalogs from metasrv
     fn catalog_names(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
-        Ok(self.catalogs.load().keys().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>())
+        let catalogs = self.catalogs.read();
+        Ok(catalogs.iter().map(|k| k.key().to_string()).collect())
     }
 
     /// Read catalog info of given name from metasrv.
     fn catalog(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Option<CatalogProviderRef>> {
-        Ok(self.catalogs.load().get(name).cloned())
+        {
+            let catalogs = self.catalogs.read();
+            let catalog = catalogs.get(name);
+
+            if let Some(catalog) = catalog {
+                return Ok(Some(catalog.clone()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        let catalogs = self.catalogs.write();
+
+        let catalog = catalogs.get(name);
+        if let Some(catalog) = catalog {
+            return Ok(Some(catalog.clone()));
+        }
+
+        // It's for lack of incremental catalog syncing between datanode and meta. Here we fetch catalog
+        // from meta on demand. This can be removed when incremental catalog syncing is done in datanode.
+
+        let backend = self.backend.clone();
+
+        let catalogs_from_meta: HashSet<String> = std::thread::spawn(|| {
+            common_runtime::block_on_read(async move {
+                let mut stream = backend.range(CATALOG_KEY_PREFIX.as_bytes());
+                let mut catalogs = HashSet::new();
+
+                while let Some(catalog) = stream.next().await {
+                    if let Ok(catalog) = catalog {
+                        let catalog_key = String::from_utf8_lossy(&catalog.0);
+
+                        if let Ok(key) = CatalogKey::parse(&catalog_key) {
+                            catalogs.insert(key.catalog_name);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                catalogs
+            })
+        })
+        .join()
+        .unwrap();
+
+        catalogs.retain(|catalog_name, _| catalogs_from_meta.get(catalog_name).is_some());
+
+        for catalog in catalogs_from_meta {
+            catalogs
+                .entry(catalog.clone())
+                .or_insert(self.new_catalog_provider(&catalog));
+        }
+
+        let catalog = catalogs.get(name);
+
+        Ok(catalog.as_deref().cloned())
     }
 }
 

src/catalog/src/system.rs

@@ -395,6 +395,7 @@ pub struct TableEntryValue {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use common_recordbatch::RecordBatches;
+    use common_test_util::temp_dir::{create_temp_dir, TempDir};
     use datatypes::value::Value;
     use log_store::NoopLogStore;
     use mito::config::EngineConfig;
@@ -405,7 +406,6 @@ mod tests {
     use storage::EngineImpl;
     use table::metadata::TableType;
     use table::metadata::TableType::Base;
-    use tempdir::TempDir;
 
     use super::*;
 
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     pub async fn prepare_table_engine() -> (TempDir, TableEngineRef) {
-        let dir = TempDir::new("system-table-test").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("system-table-test");
         let store_dir = dir.path().to_string_lossy();
         let accessor = object_store::services::Fs::default()
             .root(&store_dir)

src/catalog/tests/mock.rs

@@ -221,4 +221,8 @@ impl TableEngine for MockTableEngine {
     ) -> table::Result<bool> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
+
+    async fn close(&self) -> table::Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }

src/client/Cargo.toml

@@ -16,13 +16,14 @@ common-grpc-expr = { path = "../common/grpc-expr" }
 common-query = { path = "../common/query" }
 common-recordbatch = { path = "../common/recordbatch" }
 common-time = { path = "../common/time" }
+common-telemetry = { path = "../common/telemetry" }
 datafusion.workspace = true
 datatypes = { path = "../datatypes" }
 enum_dispatch = "0.3"
 futures-util.workspace = true
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 prost.workspace = true
-rand = "0.8"
+rand.workspace = true
 snafu.workspace = true
 tonic.workspace = true
 

src/client/src/client.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use api::v1::greptime_database_client::GreptimeDatabaseClient;
 use arrow_flight::flight_service_client::FlightServiceClient;
 use common_grpc::channel_manager::ChannelManager;
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
@@ -23,6 +24,10 @@ use tonic::transport::Channel;
 use crate::load_balance::{LoadBalance, Loadbalancer};
 use crate::{error, Result};
 
+pub(crate) struct DatabaseClient {
+    pub(crate) inner: GreptimeDatabaseClient<Channel>,
+}
+
 pub(crate) struct FlightClient {
     addr: String,
     client: FlightServiceClient<Channel>,
@@ -118,7 +123,7 @@ impl Client {
         self.inner.set_peers(urls);
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn make_client(&self) -> Result<FlightClient> {
+    fn find_channel(&self) -> Result<(String, Channel)> {
         let addr = self
             .inner
             .get_peer()
@@ -131,11 +136,23 @@ impl Client {
             .channel_manager
             .get(&addr)
             .context(error::CreateChannelSnafu { addr: &addr })?;
+        Ok((addr, channel))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn make_flight_client(&self) -> Result<FlightClient> {
+        let (addr, channel) = self.find_channel()?;
         Ok(FlightClient {
             addr,
             client: FlightServiceClient::new(channel),
         })
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn make_database_client(&self) -> Result<DatabaseClient> {
+        let (_, channel) = self.find_channel()?;
+        Ok(DatabaseClient {
+            inner: GreptimeDatabaseClient::new(channel),
+        })
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

src/client/src/database.rs

@@ -12,25 +12,27 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::str::FromStr;
-
 use api::v1::auth_header::AuthScheme;
 use api::v1::ddl_request::Expr as DdlExpr;
 use api::v1::greptime_request::Request;
 use api::v1::query_request::Query;
 use api::v1::{
-    AlterExpr, AuthHeader, CreateTableExpr, DdlRequest, DropTableExpr, GreptimeRequest,
-    InsertRequest, QueryRequest, RequestHeader,
+    greptime_response, AffectedRows, AlterExpr, AuthHeader, CreateTableExpr, DdlRequest,
+    DropTableExpr, FlushTableExpr, GreptimeRequest, InsertRequest, PromRangeQuery, QueryRequest,
+    RequestHeader,
 };
 use arrow_flight::{FlightData, Ticket};
 use common_error::prelude::*;
 use common_grpc::flight::{flight_messages_to_recordbatches, FlightDecoder, FlightMessage};
 use common_query::Output;
+use common_telemetry::logging;
 use futures_util::{TryFutureExt, TryStreamExt};
 use prost::Message;
 use snafu::{ensure, ResultExt};
 
-use crate::error::{ConvertFlightDataSnafu, IllegalFlightMessagesSnafu};
+use crate::error::{
+    ConvertFlightDataSnafu, IllegalDatabaseResponseSnafu, IllegalFlightMessagesSnafu,
+};
 use crate::{error, Client, Result};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -77,8 +79,26 @@ impl Database {
         });
     }
 
-    pub async fn insert(&self, request: InsertRequest) -> Result<Output> {
-        self.do_get(Request::Insert(request)).await
+    pub async fn insert(&self, request: InsertRequest) -> Result<u32> {
+        let mut client = self.client.make_database_client()?.inner;
+        let request = GreptimeRequest {
+            header: Some(RequestHeader {
+                catalog: self.catalog.clone(),
+                schema: self.schema.clone(),
+                authorization: self.ctx.auth_header.clone(),
+            }),
+            request: Some(Request::Insert(request)),
+        };
+        let response = client
+            .handle(request)
+            .await?
+            .into_inner()
+            .response
+            .context(IllegalDatabaseResponseSnafu {
+                err_msg: "GreptimeResponse is empty",
+            })?;
+        let greptime_response::Response::AffectedRows(AffectedRows { value }) = response;
+        Ok(value)
     }
 
     pub async fn sql(&self, sql: &str) -> Result<Output> {
@@ -95,6 +115,24 @@ impl Database {
         .await
     }
 
+    pub async fn prom_range_query(
+        &self,
+        promql: &str,
+        start: &str,
+        end: &str,
+        step: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Output> {
+        self.do_get(Request::Query(QueryRequest {
+            query: Some(Query::PromRangeQuery(PromRangeQuery {
+                query: promql.to_string(),
+                start: start.to_string(),
+                end: end.to_string(),
+                step: step.to_string(),
+            })),
+        }))
+        .await
+    }
+
     pub async fn create(&self, expr: CreateTableExpr) -> Result<Output> {
         self.do_get(Request::Ddl(DdlRequest {
             expr: Some(DdlExpr::CreateTable(expr)),
@@ -116,6 +154,13 @@ impl Database {
         .await
     }
 
+    pub async fn flush_table(&self, expr: FlushTableExpr) -> Result<Output> {
+        self.do_get(Request::Ddl(DdlRequest {
+            expr: Some(DdlExpr::FlushTable(expr)),
+        }))
+        .await
+    }
+
     async fn do_get(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Output> {
         let request = GreptimeRequest {
             header: Some(RequestHeader {
@@ -129,7 +174,7 @@ impl Database {
             ticket: request.encode_to_vec().into(),
         };
 
-        let mut client = self.client.make_client()?;
+        let mut client = self.client.make_flight_client()?;
 
         // TODO(LFC): Streaming get flight data.
         let flight_data: Vec<FlightData> = client
@@ -138,17 +183,26 @@ impl Database {
             .and_then(|response| response.into_inner().try_collect())
             .await
             .map_err(|e| {
-                let code = get_metadata_value(&e, INNER_ERROR_CODE)
-                    .and_then(|s| StatusCode::from_str(&s).ok())
-                    .unwrap_or(StatusCode::Unknown);
-                let msg = get_metadata_value(&e, INNER_ERROR_MSG).unwrap_or(e.to_string());
-                error::ExternalSnafu { code, msg }
+                let tonic_code = e.code();
+                let e: error::Error = e.into();
+                let code = e.status_code();
+                let msg = e.to_string();
+                error::ServerSnafu { code, msg }
                     .fail::<()>()
                     .map_err(BoxedError::new)
                     .context(error::FlightGetSnafu {
-                        tonic_code: e.code(),
+                        tonic_code,
                         addr: client.addr(),
                     })
+                    .map_err(|error| {
+                        logging::error!(
+                            "Failed to do Flight get, addr: {}, code: {}, source: {}",
+                            client.addr(),
+                            tonic_code,
+                            error
+                        );
+                        error
+                    })
                     .unwrap_err()
             })?;
 
@@ -175,12 +229,6 @@ impl Database {
     }
 }
 
-fn get_metadata_value(e: &tonic::Status, key: &str) -> Option<String> {
-    e.metadata()
-        .get(key)
-        .and_then(|v| String::from_utf8(v.as_bytes().to_vec()).ok())
-}
-
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct FlightContext {
     auth_header: Option<AuthHeader>,

src/client/src/error.rs

@@ -13,9 +13,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::any::Any;
+use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use common_error::prelude::*;
-use tonic::Code;
+use tonic::{Code, Status};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Snafu)]
 #[snafu(visibility(pub))]
@@ -26,12 +27,7 @@ pub enum Error {
         backtrace: Backtrace,
     },
 
-    #[snafu(display(
-        "Failed to do Flight get, addr: {}, code: {}, source: {}",
-        addr,
-        tonic_code,
-        source
-    ))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to do Flight get, code: {}, source: {}", tonic_code, source))]
     FlightGet {
         addr: String,
         tonic_code: Code,
@@ -70,9 +66,12 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: common_grpc::error::Error,
     },
 
-    /// Error deserialized from gRPC metadata
+    // Server error carried in Tonic Status's metadata.
     #[snafu(display("{}", msg))]
-    ExternalError { code: StatusCode, msg: String },
+    Server { code: StatusCode, msg: String },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Illegal Database response: {err_msg}"))]
+    IllegalDatabaseResponse { err_msg: String },
 }
 
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
@@ -82,13 +81,15 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
         match self {
             Error::IllegalFlightMessages { .. }
             | Error::ColumnDataType { .. }
-            | Error::MissingField { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
+            | Error::MissingField { .. }
+            | Error::IllegalDatabaseResponse { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
+
+            Error::Server { code, .. } => *code,
             Error::FlightGet { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
             Error::CreateChannel { source, .. } | Error::ConvertFlightData { source } => {
                 source.status_code()
             }
             Error::IllegalGrpcClientState { .. } => StatusCode::Unexpected,
-            Error::ExternalError { code, .. } => *code,
         }
     }
 
@@ -100,3 +101,21 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
         self
     }
 }
+
+impl From<Status> for Error {
+    fn from(e: Status) -> Self {
+        fn get_metadata_value(e: &Status, key: &str) -> Option<String> {
+            e.metadata()
+                .get(key)
+                .and_then(|v| String::from_utf8(v.as_bytes().to_vec()).ok())
+        }
+
+        let code = get_metadata_value(&e, INNER_ERROR_CODE)
+            .and_then(|s| StatusCode::from_str(&s).ok())
+            .unwrap_or(StatusCode::Unknown);
+
+        let msg = get_metadata_value(&e, INNER_ERROR_MSG).unwrap_or(e.to_string());
+
+        Self::Server { code, msg }
+    }
+}

src/cmd/Cargo.toml

@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ default-run = "greptime"
 name = "greptime"
 path = "src/bin/greptime.rs"
 
+[features]
+mem-prof = ["tikv-jemallocator", "tikv-jemalloc-ctl"]
+
 [dependencies]
 anymap = "1.0.0-beta.2"
 catalog = { path = "../catalog" }
@@ -18,7 +21,6 @@ common-base = { path = "../common/base" }
 common-error = { path = "../common/error" }
 common-query = { path = "../common/query" }
 common-recordbatch = { path = "../common/recordbatch" }
-substrait = { path = "../common/substrait" }
 common-telemetry = { path = "../common/telemetry", features = [
     "deadlock_detection",
 ] }
@@ -36,14 +38,17 @@ serde.workspace = true
 servers = { path = "../servers" }
 session = { path = "../session" }
 snafu.workspace = true
+substrait = { path = "../common/substrait" }
+tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { version = "0.5", optional = true }
+tikv-jemallocator = { version = "0.5", optional = true }
 tokio.workspace = true
 toml = "0.5"
 
+
 [dev-dependencies]
+common-test-util = { path = "../common/test-util" }
 rexpect = "0.5"
 serde.workspace = true
-tempdir = "0.3"
-tempfile.workspace = true
 
 [build-dependencies]
 build-data = "0.1.3"

src/cmd/src/bin/greptime.rs

@@ -30,9 +30,39 @@ struct Command {
     subcmd: SubCommand,
 }
 
+pub enum Application {
+    Datanode(datanode::Instance),
+    Frontend(frontend::Instance),
+    Metasrv(metasrv::Instance),
+    Standalone(standalone::Instance),
+    Cli(cli::Instance),
+}
+
+impl Application {
+    async fn run(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Application::Datanode(instance) => instance.run().await,
+            Application::Frontend(instance) => instance.run().await,
+            Application::Metasrv(instance) => instance.run().await,
+            Application::Standalone(instance) => instance.run().await,
+            Application::Cli(instance) => instance.run().await,
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Application::Datanode(instance) => instance.stop().await,
+            Application::Frontend(instance) => instance.stop().await,
+            Application::Metasrv(instance) => instance.stop().await,
+            Application::Standalone(instance) => instance.stop().await,
+            Application::Cli(instance) => instance.stop().await,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Command {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.subcmd.run().await
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Application> {
+        self.subcmd.build().await
     }
 }
 
@@ -51,13 +81,28 @@ enum SubCommand {
 }
 
 impl SubCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Application> {
         match self {
-            SubCommand::Datanode(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
-            SubCommand::Frontend(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
-            SubCommand::Metasrv(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
-            SubCommand::Standalone(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
-            SubCommand::Cli(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
+            SubCommand::Datanode(cmd) => {
+                let app = cmd.build().await?;
+                Ok(Application::Datanode(app))
+            }
+            SubCommand::Frontend(cmd) => {
+                let app = cmd.build().await?;
+                Ok(Application::Frontend(app))
+            }
+            SubCommand::Metasrv(cmd) => {
+                let app = cmd.build().await?;
+                Ok(Application::Metasrv(app))
+            }
+            SubCommand::Standalone(cmd) => {
+                let app = cmd.build().await?;
+                Ok(Application::Standalone(app))
+            }
+            SubCommand::Cli(cmd) => {
+                let app = cmd.build().await?;
+                Ok(Application::Cli(app))
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -87,6 +132,10 @@ fn print_version() -> &'static str {
     )
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "mem-prof")]
+#[global_allocator]
+static ALLOC: tikv_jemallocator::Jemalloc = tikv_jemallocator::Jemalloc;
+
 #[tokio::main]
 async fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let cmd = Command::parse();
@@ -100,13 +149,18 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
     common_telemetry::init_default_metrics_recorder();
     let _guard = common_telemetry::init_global_logging(app_name, log_dir, log_level, false);
 
+    let mut app = cmd.build().await?;
+
     tokio::select! {
-        result = cmd.run() => {
+        result = app.run() => {
             if let Err(err) = result {
                 error!(err; "Fatal error occurs!");
             }
         }
         _ = tokio::signal::ctrl_c() => {
+            if let Err(err) = app.stop().await {
+                error!(err; "Fatal error occurs!");
+            }
             info!("Goodbye!");
         }
     }

src/cmd/src/cli.rs

@@ -17,10 +17,24 @@ mod helper;
 mod repl;
 
 use clap::Parser;
-use repl::Repl;
+pub use repl::Repl;
 
 use crate::error::Result;
 
+pub struct Instance {
+    repl: Repl,
+}
+
+impl Instance {
+    pub async fn run(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.repl.run().await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Parser)]
 pub struct Command {
     #[clap(subcommand)]
@@ -28,8 +42,8 @@ pub struct Command {
 }
 
 impl Command {
-    pub async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.cmd.run().await
+    pub async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
+        self.cmd.build().await
     }
 }
 
@@ -39,9 +53,9 @@ enum SubCommand {
 }
 
 impl SubCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         match self {
-            SubCommand::Attach(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
+            SubCommand::Attach(cmd) => cmd.build().await,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -57,8 +71,8 @@ pub(crate) struct AttachCommand {
 }
 
 impl AttachCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut repl = Repl::try_new(&self).await?;
-        repl.run().await
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
+        let repl = Repl::try_new(&self).await?;
+        Ok(Instance { repl })
     }
 }

src/cmd/src/cli/repl.rs

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ use query::datafusion::DatafusionQueryEngine;
 use query::logical_optimizer::LogicalOptimizer;
 use query::parser::QueryLanguageParser;
 use query::plan::LogicalPlan;
+use query::query_engine::QueryEngineState;
 use query::QueryEngine;
 use rustyline::error::ReadlineError;
 use rustyline::Editor;
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ use crate::error::{
 };
 
 /// Captures the state of the repl, gathers commands and executes them one by one
-pub(crate) struct Repl {
+pub struct Repl {
     /// Rustyline editor for interacting with user on command line
     rl: Editor<RustylineHelper>,
 
@@ -166,12 +167,16 @@ impl Repl {
                 self.database.catalog(),
                 self.database.schema(),
             ));
-            let LogicalPlan::DfPlan(plan) = query_engine
-                .statement_to_plan(stmt, query_ctx)
+
+            let plan = query_engine
+                .planner()
+                .plan(stmt, query_ctx)
                 .await
-                .and_then(|x| query_engine.optimize(&x))
                 .context(PlanStatementSnafu)?;
 
+            let LogicalPlan::DfPlan(plan) =
+                query_engine.optimize(&plan).context(PlanStatementSnafu)?;
+
             let plan = DFLogicalSubstraitConvertor {}
                 .encode(plan)
                 .context(SubstraitEncodeLogicalPlanSnafu)?;
@@ -262,6 +267,7 @@ async fn create_query_engine(meta_addr: &str) -> Result<DatafusionQueryEngine> {
         partition_manager,
         datanode_clients,
     ));
+    let state = Arc::new(QueryEngineState::new(catalog_list, Default::default()));
 
-    Ok(DatafusionQueryEngine::new(catalog_list, Default::default()))
+    Ok(DatafusionQueryEngine::new(state))
 }

src/cmd/src/datanode.rs

@@ -21,9 +21,26 @@ use meta_client::MetaClientOptions;
 use servers::Mode;
 use snafu::ResultExt;
 
-use crate::error::{Error, MissingConfigSnafu, Result, StartDatanodeSnafu};
+use crate::error::{Error, MissingConfigSnafu, Result, ShutdownDatanodeSnafu, StartDatanodeSnafu};
 use crate::toml_loader;
 
+pub struct Instance {
+    datanode: Datanode,
+}
+
+impl Instance {
+    pub async fn run(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.datanode.start().await.context(StartDatanodeSnafu)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.datanode
+            .shutdown()
+            .await
+            .context(ShutdownDatanodeSnafu)
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Parser)]
 pub struct Command {
     #[clap(subcommand)]
@@ -31,8 +48,8 @@ pub struct Command {
 }
 
 impl Command {
-    pub async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.subcmd.run().await
+    pub async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
+        self.subcmd.build().await
     }
 }
 
@@ -42,9 +59,9 @@ enum SubCommand {
 }
 
 impl SubCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         match self {
-            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
+            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.build().await,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -72,19 +89,16 @@ struct StartCommand {
 }
 
 impl StartCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         logging::info!("Datanode start command: {:#?}", self);
 
         let opts: DatanodeOptions = self.try_into()?;
 
         logging::info!("Datanode options: {:#?}", opts);
 
-        Datanode::new(opts)
-            .await
-            .context(StartDatanodeSnafu)?
-            .start()
-            .await
-            .context(StartDatanodeSnafu)
+        let datanode = Datanode::new(opts).await.context(StartDatanodeSnafu)?;
+
+        Ok(Instance { datanode })
     }
 }
 
@@ -138,7 +152,6 @@ impl TryFrom<StartCommand> for DatanodeOptions {
         if let Some(wal_dir) = cmd.wal_dir {
             opts.wal.dir = wal_dir;
         }
-
         if let Some(procedure_dir) = cmd.procedure_dir {
             opts.procedure = Some(ProcedureConfig::from_file_path(procedure_dir));
         }
@@ -153,15 +166,15 @@ mod tests {
     use std::io::Write;
     use std::time::Duration;
 
+    use common_test_util::temp_dir::create_named_temp_file;
     use datanode::datanode::{CompactionConfig, ObjectStoreConfig};
     use servers::Mode;
-    use tempfile::NamedTempFile;
 
     use super::*;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_read_from_config_file() {
-        let mut file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+        let mut file = create_named_temp_file();
         let toml_str = r#"
             mode = "distributed"
             enable_memory_catalog = false

src/cmd/src/error.rs

@@ -26,18 +26,42 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: datanode::error::Error,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to shutdown datanode, source: {}", source))]
+    ShutdownDatanode {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: datanode::error::Error,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Failed to start frontend, source: {}", source))]
     StartFrontend {
         #[snafu(backtrace)]
         source: frontend::error::Error,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to shutdown frontend, source: {}", source))]
+    ShutdownFrontend {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: frontend::error::Error,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to build meta server, source: {}", source))]
+    BuildMetaServer {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: meta_srv::error::Error,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Failed to start meta server, source: {}", source))]
     StartMetaServer {
         #[snafu(backtrace)]
         source: meta_srv::error::Error,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to shutdown meta server, source: {}", source))]
+    ShutdownMetaServer {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: meta_srv::error::Error,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Failed to read config file: {}, source: {}", path, source))]
     ReadConfig {
         path: String,
@@ -137,7 +161,11 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
         match self {
             Error::StartDatanode { source } => source.status_code(),
             Error::StartFrontend { source } => source.status_code(),
+            Error::ShutdownDatanode { source } => source.status_code(),
+            Error::ShutdownFrontend { source } => source.status_code(),
             Error::StartMetaServer { source } => source.status_code(),
+            Error::ShutdownMetaServer { source } => source.status_code(),
+            Error::BuildMetaServer { source } => source.status_code(),
             Error::UnsupportedSelectorType { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
             Error::ReadConfig { .. } | Error::ParseConfig { .. } | Error::MissingConfig { .. } => {
                 StatusCode::InvalidArguments

src/cmd/src/frontend.rs

@@ -16,13 +16,14 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use clap::Parser;
 use common_base::Plugins;
-use frontend::frontend::{Frontend, FrontendOptions};
+use frontend::frontend::FrontendOptions;
 use frontend::grpc::GrpcOptions;
 use frontend::influxdb::InfluxdbOptions;
-use frontend::instance::Instance;
+use frontend::instance::{FrontendInstance, Instance as FeInstance};
 use frontend::mysql::MysqlOptions;
 use frontend::opentsdb::OpentsdbOptions;
 use frontend::postgres::PostgresOptions;
+use frontend::prom::PromOptions;
 use meta_client::MetaClientOptions;
 use servers::auth::UserProviderRef;
 use servers::http::HttpOptions;
@@ -33,6 +34,26 @@ use snafu::ResultExt;
 use crate::error::{self, IllegalAuthConfigSnafu, Result};
 use crate::toml_loader;
 
+pub struct Instance {
+    frontend: FeInstance,
+}
+
+impl Instance {
+    pub async fn run(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.frontend
+            .start()
+            .await
+            .context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.frontend
+            .shutdown()
+            .await
+            .context(error::ShutdownFrontendSnafu)
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Parser)]
 pub struct Command {
     #[clap(subcommand)]
@@ -40,8 +61,8 @@ pub struct Command {
 }
 
 impl Command {
-    pub async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.subcmd.run().await
+    pub async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
+        self.subcmd.build().await
     }
 }
 
@@ -51,9 +72,9 @@ enum SubCommand {
 }
 
 impl SubCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         match self {
-            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
+            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.build().await,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -67,6 +88,8 @@ pub struct StartCommand {
     #[clap(long)]
     mysql_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
+    prom_addr: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long)]
     postgres_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
     opentsdb_addr: Option<String>,
@@ -87,16 +110,20 @@ pub struct StartCommand {
 }
 
 impl StartCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         let plugins = Arc::new(load_frontend_plugins(&self.user_provider)?);
         let opts: FrontendOptions = self.try_into()?;
 
-        let instance = Instance::try_new_distributed(&opts, plugins.clone())
+        let mut instance = FeInstance::try_new_distributed(&opts, plugins.clone())
             .await
             .context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)?;
 
-        let mut frontend = Frontend::new(opts, instance, plugins);
-        frontend.start().await.context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)
+        instance
+            .build_servers(&opts, plugins)
+            .await
+            .context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)?;
+
+        Ok(Instance { frontend: instance })
     }
 }
 
@@ -141,6 +168,9 @@ impl TryFrom<StartCommand> for FrontendOptions {
                 ..Default::default()
             });
         }
+        if let Some(addr) = cmd.prom_addr {
+            opts.prom_options = Some(PromOptions { addr });
+        }
         if let Some(addr) = cmd.postgres_addr {
             opts.postgres_options = Some(PostgresOptions {
                 addr,
@@ -176,8 +206,8 @@ mod tests {
     use std::io::Write;
     use std::time::Duration;
 
+    use common_test_util::temp_dir::create_named_temp_file;
     use servers::auth::{Identity, Password, UserProviderRef};
-    use tempfile::NamedTempFile;
 
     use super::*;
 
@@ -186,6 +216,7 @@ mod tests {
         let command = StartCommand {
             http_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:1234".to_string()),
             grpc_addr: None,
+            prom_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:4444".to_string()),
             mysql_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:5678".to_string()),
             postgres_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:5432".to_string()),
             opentsdb_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:4321".to_string()),
@@ -209,6 +240,7 @@ mod tests {
             opts.opentsdb_options.as_ref().unwrap().addr,
             "127.0.0.1:4321"
         );
+        assert_eq!(opts.prom_options.as_ref().unwrap().addr, "127.0.0.1:4444");
 
         let default_opts = FrontendOptions::default();
         assert_eq!(
@@ -233,7 +265,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_read_from_config_file() {
-        let mut file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+        let mut file = create_named_temp_file();
         let toml_str = r#"
             mode = "distributed"
 
@@ -247,6 +279,7 @@ mod tests {
             http_addr: None,
             grpc_addr: None,
             mysql_addr: None,
+            prom_addr: None,
             postgres_addr: None,
             opentsdb_addr: None,
             influxdb_enable: None,
@@ -276,6 +309,7 @@ mod tests {
             http_addr: None,
             grpc_addr: None,
             mysql_addr: None,
+            prom_addr: None,
             postgres_addr: None,
             opentsdb_addr: None,
             influxdb_enable: None,

src/cmd/src/metasrv.rs

@@ -14,13 +14,33 @@
 
 use clap::Parser;
 use common_telemetry::{info, logging, warn};
-use meta_srv::bootstrap;
+use meta_srv::bootstrap::MetaSrvInstance;
 use meta_srv::metasrv::MetaSrvOptions;
 use snafu::ResultExt;
 
 use crate::error::{Error, Result};
 use crate::{error, toml_loader};
 
+pub struct Instance {
+    instance: MetaSrvInstance,
+}
+
+impl Instance {
+    pub async fn run(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.instance
+            .start()
+            .await
+            .context(error::StartMetaServerSnafu)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.instance
+            .shutdown()
+            .await
+            .context(error::ShutdownMetaServerSnafu)
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Parser)]
 pub struct Command {
     #[clap(subcommand)]
@@ -28,8 +48,8 @@ pub struct Command {
 }
 
 impl Command {
-    pub async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.subcmd.run().await
+    pub async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
+        self.subcmd.build().await
     }
 }
 
@@ -39,9 +59,9 @@ enum SubCommand {
 }
 
 impl SubCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         match self {
-            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
+            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.build().await,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -63,16 +83,17 @@ struct StartCommand {
 }
 
 impl StartCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         logging::info!("MetaSrv start command: {:#?}", self);
 
         let opts: MetaSrvOptions = self.try_into()?;
 
         logging::info!("MetaSrv options: {:#?}", opts);
-
-        bootstrap::bootstrap_meta_srv(opts)
+        let instance = MetaSrvInstance::new(opts)
             .await
-            .context(error::StartMetaServerSnafu)
+            .context(error::BuildMetaServerSnafu)?;
+
+        Ok(Instance { instance })
     }
 }
 
@@ -115,8 +136,8 @@ impl TryFrom<StartCommand> for MetaSrvOptions {
 mod tests {
     use std::io::Write;
 
+    use common_test_util::temp_dir::create_named_temp_file;
     use meta_srv::selector::SelectorType;
-    use tempfile::NamedTempFile;
 
     use super::*;
 
@@ -139,7 +160,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_read_from_config_file() {
-        let mut file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+        let mut file = create_named_temp_file();
         let toml_str = r#"
             bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:3002"
             server_addr = "127.0.0.1:3002"

src/cmd/src/standalone.rs

@@ -21,22 +21,25 @@ use datanode::datanode::{
     CompactionConfig, Datanode, DatanodeOptions, ObjectStoreConfig, ProcedureConfig, WalConfig,
 };
 use datanode::instance::InstanceRef;
-use frontend::frontend::{Frontend, FrontendOptions};
+use frontend::frontend::FrontendOptions;
 use frontend::grpc::GrpcOptions;
 use frontend::influxdb::InfluxdbOptions;
-use frontend::instance::Instance as FeInstance;
+use frontend::instance::{FrontendInstance, Instance as FeInstance};
 use frontend::mysql::MysqlOptions;
 use frontend::opentsdb::OpentsdbOptions;
 use frontend::postgres::PostgresOptions;
+use frontend::prom::PromOptions;
 use frontend::prometheus::PrometheusOptions;
-use frontend::promql::PromqlOptions;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use servers::http::HttpOptions;
 use servers::tls::{TlsMode, TlsOption};
 use servers::Mode;
 use snafu::ResultExt;
 
-use crate::error::{Error, IllegalConfigSnafu, Result, StartDatanodeSnafu, StartFrontendSnafu};
+use crate::error::{
+    Error, IllegalConfigSnafu, Result, ShutdownDatanodeSnafu, ShutdownFrontendSnafu,
+    StartDatanodeSnafu, StartFrontendSnafu,
+};
 use crate::frontend::load_frontend_plugins;
 use crate::toml_loader;
 
@@ -47,8 +50,8 @@ pub struct Command {
 }
 
 impl Command {
-    pub async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.subcmd.run().await
+    pub async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
+        self.subcmd.build().await
     }
 }
 
@@ -58,9 +61,9 @@ enum SubCommand {
 }
 
 impl SubCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         match self {
-            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
+            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.build().await,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ pub struct StandaloneOptions {
     pub opentsdb_options: Option<OpentsdbOptions>,
     pub influxdb_options: Option<InfluxdbOptions>,
     pub prometheus_options: Option<PrometheusOptions>,
-    pub promql_options: Option<PromqlOptions>,
+    pub prom_options: Option<PromOptions>,
     pub wal: WalConfig,
     pub storage: ObjectStoreConfig,
     pub compaction: CompactionConfig,
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ impl Default for StandaloneOptions {
             opentsdb_options: Some(OpentsdbOptions::default()),
             influxdb_options: Some(InfluxdbOptions::default()),
             prometheus_options: Some(PrometheusOptions::default()),
-            promql_options: Some(PromqlOptions::default()),
+            prom_options: Some(PromOptions::default()),
             wal: WalConfig::default(),
             storage: ObjectStoreConfig::default(),
             compaction: CompactionConfig::default(),
@@ -116,7 +119,7 @@ impl StandaloneOptions {
             opentsdb_options: self.opentsdb_options,
             influxdb_options: self.influxdb_options,
             prometheus_options: self.prometheus_options,
-            promql_options: self.promql_options,
+            prom_options: self.prom_options,
             meta_client_options: None,
         }
     }
@@ -133,6 +136,40 @@ impl StandaloneOptions {
     }
 }
 
+pub struct Instance {
+    datanode: Datanode,
+    frontend: FeInstance,
+}
+
+impl Instance {
+    pub async fn run(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        // Start datanode instance before starting services, to avoid requests come in before internal components are started.
+        self.datanode
+            .start_instance()
+            .await
+            .context(StartDatanodeSnafu)?;
+        info!("Datanode instance started");
+
+        self.frontend.start().await.context(StartFrontendSnafu)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.frontend
+            .shutdown()
+            .await
+            .context(ShutdownFrontendSnafu)?;
+
+        self.datanode
+            .shutdown_instance()
+            .await
+            .context(ShutdownDatanodeSnafu)?;
+        info!("Datanode instance stopped.");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Parser)]
 struct StartCommand {
     #[clap(long)]
@@ -142,6 +179,8 @@ struct StartCommand {
     #[clap(long)]
     mysql_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
+    prom_addr: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long)]
     postgres_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
     opentsdb_addr: Option<String>,
@@ -162,7 +201,7 @@ struct StartCommand {
 }
 
 impl StartCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         let enable_memory_catalog = self.enable_memory_catalog;
         let config_file = self.config_file.clone();
         let plugins = Arc::new(load_frontend_plugins(&self.user_provider)?);
@@ -182,33 +221,30 @@ impl StartCommand {
             fe_opts, dn_opts
         );
 
-        let mut datanode = Datanode::new(dn_opts.clone())
+        let datanode = Datanode::new(dn_opts.clone())
             .await
             .context(StartDatanodeSnafu)?;
-        let mut frontend = build_frontend(fe_opts, plugins, datanode.get_instance()).await?;
 
-        // Start datanode instance before starting services, to avoid requests come in before internal components are started.
-        datanode
-            .start_instance()
+        let mut frontend = build_frontend(plugins.clone(), datanode.get_instance()).await?;
+
+        frontend
+            .build_servers(&fe_opts, plugins)
             .await
-            .context(StartDatanodeSnafu)?;
-        info!("Datanode instance started");
+            .context(StartFrontendSnafu)?;
 
-        frontend.start().await.context(StartFrontendSnafu)?;
-        Ok(())
+        Ok(Instance { datanode, frontend })
     }
 }
 
 /// Build frontend instance in standalone mode
 async fn build_frontend(
-    fe_opts: FrontendOptions,
     plugins: Arc<Plugins>,
     datanode_instance: InstanceRef,
-) -> Result<Frontend<FeInstance>> {
+) -> Result<FeInstance> {
     let mut frontend_instance = FeInstance::new_standalone(datanode_instance.clone());
     frontend_instance.set_script_handler(datanode_instance);
     frontend_instance.set_plugins(plugins.clone());
-    Ok(Frontend::new(fe_opts, frontend_instance, plugins))
+    Ok(frontend_instance)
 }
 
 impl TryFrom<StartCommand> for FrontendOptions {
@@ -254,6 +290,11 @@ impl TryFrom<StartCommand> for FrontendOptions {
                 ..Default::default()
             })
         }
+
+        if let Some(addr) = cmd.prom_addr {
+            opts.prom_options = Some(PromOptions { addr })
+        }
+
         if let Some(addr) = cmd.postgres_addr {
             opts.postgres_options = Some(PostgresOptions {
                 addr,
@@ -302,6 +343,7 @@ mod tests {
             http_addr: None,
             rpc_addr: None,
             mysql_addr: None,
+            prom_addr: None,
             postgres_addr: None,
             opentsdb_addr: None,
             config_file: Some(format!(
@@ -347,6 +389,7 @@ mod tests {
         let command = StartCommand {
             http_addr: None,
             rpc_addr: None,
+            prom_addr: None,
             mysql_addr: None,
             postgres_addr: None,
             opentsdb_addr: None,

src/cmd/src/toml_loader.rs

@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ mod tests {
     use std::fs::File;
     use std::io::Write;
 
+    use common_test_util::temp_dir::create_temp_dir;
     use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
     use snafu::ResultExt;
-    use tempdir::TempDir;
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::error::Result;
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ mod tests {
             host: "greptime.test".to_string(),
         };
 
-        let dir = TempDir::new("test_from_file").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("test_from_file");
         let test_file = format!("{}/test.toml", dir.path().to_str().unwrap());
 
         let s = toml::to_string(&config).unwrap();

src/cmd/tests/cli.rs

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ mod tests {
     use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
     use std::time::Duration;
 
+    use common_test_util::temp_dir::create_temp_dir;
     use rexpect::session::PtyReplSession;
-    use tempdir::TempDir;
 
     struct Repl {
         repl: PtyReplSession,
@@ -46,10 +46,13 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    // TODO(LFC): Un-ignore this REPL test.
+    // Ignore this REPL test because some logical plans like create database are not supported yet in Datanode.
+    #[ignore]
     #[test]
     fn test_repl() {
-        let data_dir = TempDir::new_in("/tmp", "data").unwrap();
-        let wal_dir = TempDir::new_in("/tmp", "wal").unwrap();
+        let data_dir = create_temp_dir("data");
+        let wal_dir = create_temp_dir("wal");
 
         let mut bin_path = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
         bin_path.push("../../target/debug");

src/common/catalog/Cargo.toml

@@ -17,5 +17,4 @@ snafu = { version = "0.7", features = ["backtraces"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 chrono.workspace = true
-tempdir = "0.3"
 tokio.workspace = true

src/common/datasource/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[package]
+name = "common-datasource"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+common-error = { path = "../error" }
+futures.workspace = true
+object-store = { path = "../../object-store" }
+regex = "1.7"
+snafu.workspace = true
+url = "2.3"

src/common/datasource/src/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::any::Any;
+
+use common_error::prelude::*;
+use url::ParseError;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Snafu)]
+#[snafu(visibility(pub))]
+pub enum Error {
+    #[snafu(display("Unsupported backend protocol: {}", protocol))]
+    UnsupportedBackendProtocol { protocol: String },
+
+    #[snafu(display("empty host: {}", url))]
+    EmptyHostPath { url: String },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Invalid path: {}", path))]
+    InvalidPath { path: String },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Invalid url: {}, error :{}", url, source))]
+    InvalidUrl { url: String, source: ParseError },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to build backend, source: {}", source))]
+    BuildBackend {
+        source: object_store::Error,
+        backtrace: Backtrace,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to list object in path: {}, source: {}", path, source))]
+    ListObjects {
+        path: String,
+        backtrace: Backtrace,
+        source: object_store::Error,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Invalid connection: {}", msg))]
+    InvalidConnection { msg: String },
+}
+
+pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
+
+impl ErrorExt for Error {
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        use Error::*;
+        match self {
+            BuildBackend { .. } | ListObjects { .. } => StatusCode::StorageUnavailable,
+
+            UnsupportedBackendProtocol { .. }
+            | InvalidConnection { .. }
+            | InvalidUrl { .. }
+            | EmptyHostPath { .. }
+            | InvalidPath { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn backtrace_opt(&self) -> Option<&Backtrace> {
+        ErrorCompat::backtrace(self)
+    }
+
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}

src/common/datasource/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub mod error;
+pub mod lister;
+pub mod object_store;
+pub mod util;

src/common/datasource/src/lister.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use futures::{future, TryStreamExt};
+use object_store::{Object, ObjectStore};
+use regex::Regex;
+use snafu::ResultExt;
+
+use crate::error::{self, Result};
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Source {
+    Filename(String),
+    Dir,
+}
+
+pub struct Lister {
+    object_store: ObjectStore,
+    source: Source,
+    path: String,
+    regex: Option<Regex>,
+}
+
+impl Lister {
+    pub fn new(
+        object_store: ObjectStore,
+        source: Source,
+        path: String,
+        regex: Option<Regex>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Lister {
+            object_store,
+            source,
+            path,
+            regex,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list(&self) -> Result<Vec<Object>> {
+        match &self.source {
+            Source::Dir => {
+                let streamer = self
+                    .object_store
+                    .object(&self.path)
+                    .list()
+                    .await
+                    .context(error::ListObjectsSnafu { path: &self.path })?;
+
+                streamer
+                    .try_filter(|f| {
+                        let res = self
+                            .regex
+                            .as_ref()
+                            .map(|x| x.is_match(f.name()))
+                            .unwrap_or(true);
+                        future::ready(res)
+                    })
+                    .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                    .await
+                    .context(error::ListObjectsSnafu { path: &self.path })
+            }
+            Source::Filename(filename) => {
+                let obj = self
+                    .object_store
+                    .object(&format!("{}{}", self.path, filename));
+
+                Ok(vec![obj])
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/common/datasource/src/object_store.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub mod fs;
+pub mod s3;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use object_store::ObjectStore;
+use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
+use url::{ParseError, Url};
+
+use self::fs::build_fs_backend;
+use self::s3::build_s3_backend;
+use crate::error::{self, Result};
+
+pub const FS_SCHEMA: &str = "FS";
+pub const S3_SCHEMA: &str = "S3";
+
+/// parse url returns (schema,Option<host>,path)
+pub fn parse_url(url: &str) -> Result<(String, Option<String>, String)> {
+    let parsed_url = Url::parse(url);
+    match parsed_url {
+        Ok(url) => Ok((
+            url.scheme().to_string(),
+            url.host_str().map(|s| s.to_string()),
+            url.path().to_string(),
+        )),
+        Err(ParseError::RelativeUrlWithoutBase) => {
+            Ok((FS_SCHEMA.to_string(), None, url.to_string()))
+        }
+        Err(err) => Err(err).context(error::InvalidUrlSnafu { url }),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn build_backend(url: &str, connection: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<ObjectStore> {
+    let (schema, host, _path) = parse_url(url)?;
+
+    match schema.to_uppercase().as_str() {
+        S3_SCHEMA => {
+            let host = host.context(error::EmptyHostPathSnafu {
+                url: url.to_string(),
+            })?;
+            Ok(build_s3_backend(&host, "/", connection)?)
+        }
+        FS_SCHEMA => Ok(build_fs_backend("/")?),
+
+        _ => error::UnsupportedBackendProtocolSnafu { protocol: schema }.fail(),
+    }
+}

src/common/datasource/src/object_store/fs.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use object_store::services::Fs;
+use object_store::{ObjectStore, ObjectStoreBuilder};
+use snafu::ResultExt;
+
+use crate::error::{self, Result};
+
+pub fn build_fs_backend(root: &str) -> Result<ObjectStore> {
+    let accessor = Fs::default()
+        .root(root)
+        .build()
+        .context(error::BuildBackendSnafu)?;
+
+    Ok(ObjectStore::new(accessor).finish())
+}

src/common/datasource/src/object_store/s3.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use object_store::services::S3;
+use object_store::{ObjectStore, ObjectStoreBuilder};
+use snafu::ResultExt;
+
+use crate::error::{self, Result};
+
+const ENDPOINT_URL: &str = "ENDPOINT_URL";
+const ACCESS_KEY_ID: &str = "ACCESS_KEY_ID";
+const SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: &str = "SECRET_ACCESS_KEY";
+const SESSION_TOKEN: &str = "SESSION_TOKEN";
+const REGION: &str = "REGION";
+const ENABLE_VIRTUAL_HOST_STYLE: &str = "ENABLE_VIRTUAL_HOST_STYLE";
+
+pub fn build_s3_backend(
+    host: &str,
+    path: &str,
+    connection: HashMap<String, String>,
+) -> Result<ObjectStore> {
+    let mut builder = S3::default();
+
+    builder.root(path);
+
+    builder.bucket(host);
+
+    if let Some(endpoint) = connection.get(ENDPOINT_URL) {
+        builder.endpoint(endpoint);
+    }
+
+    if let Some(region) = connection.get(REGION) {
+        builder.region(region);
+    }
+
+    if let Some(key_id) = connection.get(ACCESS_KEY_ID) {
+        builder.access_key_id(key_id);
+    }
+
+    if let Some(key) = connection.get(SECRET_ACCESS_KEY) {
+        builder.secret_access_key(key);
+    }
+
+    if let Some(session_token) = connection.get(SESSION_TOKEN) {
+        builder.security_token(session_token);
+    }
+
+    if let Some(enable_str) = connection.get(ENABLE_VIRTUAL_HOST_STYLE) {
+        let enable = enable_str.as_str().parse::<bool>().map_err(|e| {
+            error::InvalidConnectionSnafu {
+                msg: format!(
+                    "failed to parse the option {}={}, {}",
+                    ENABLE_VIRTUAL_HOST_STYLE, enable_str, e
+                ),
+            }
+            .build()
+        })?;
+        if enable {
+            builder.enable_virtual_host_style();
+        }
+    }
+
+    let accessor = builder.build().context(error::BuildBackendSnafu)?;
+
+    Ok(ObjectStore::new(accessor).finish())
+}

src/common/datasource/src/util.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub fn find_dir_and_filename(path: &str) -> (String, Option<String>) {
+    if path.is_empty() {
+        ("/".to_string(), None)
+    } else if path.ends_with('/') {
+        (path.to_string(), None)
+    } else if let Some(idx) = path.rfind('/') {
+        (
+            path[..idx + 1].to_string(),
+            Some(path[idx + 1..].to_string()),
+        )
+    } else {
+        ("/".to_string(), Some(path.to_string()))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+
+    use url::Url;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_uri() {
+        struct Test<'a> {
+            uri: &'a str,
+            expected_path: &'a str,
+            expected_schema: &'a str,
+        }
+
+        let tests = [
+            Test {
+                uri: "s3://bucket/to/path/",
+                expected_path: "/to/path/",
+                expected_schema: "s3",
+            },
+            Test {
+                uri: "fs:///to/path/",
+                expected_path: "/to/path/",
+                expected_schema: "fs",
+            },
+            Test {
+                uri: "fs:///to/path/file",
+                expected_path: "/to/path/file",
+                expected_schema: "fs",
+            },
+        ];
+        for test in tests {
+            let parsed_uri = Url::parse(test.uri).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(parsed_uri.path(), test.expected_path);
+            assert_eq!(parsed_uri.scheme(), test.expected_schema);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_path_and_dir() {
+        let parsed = Url::from_file_path("/to/path/file").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(parsed.path(), "/to/path/file");
+
+        let parsed = Url::from_directory_path("/to/path/").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(parsed.path(), "/to/path/");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_find_dir_and_filename() {
+        struct Test<'a> {
+            path: &'a str,
+            expected_dir: &'a str,
+            expected_filename: Option<String>,
+        }
+
+        let tests = [
+            Test {
+                path: "to/path/",
+                expected_dir: "to/path/",
+                expected_filename: None,
+            },
+            Test {
+                path: "to/path/filename",
+                expected_dir: "to/path/",
+                expected_filename: Some("filename".into()),
+            },
+            Test {
+                path: "/to/path/filename",
+                expected_dir: "/to/path/",
+                expected_filename: Some("filename".into()),
+            },
+            Test {
+                path: "/",
+                expected_dir: "/",
+                expected_filename: None,
+            },
+            Test {
+                path: "filename",
+                expected_dir: "/",
+                expected_filename: Some("filename".into()),
+            },
+            Test {
+                path: "",
+                expected_dir: "/",
+                expected_filename: None,
+            },
+        ];
+
+        for test in tests {
+            let (path, filename) = find_dir_and_filename(test.path);
+            assert_eq!(test.expected_dir, path);
+            assert_eq!(test.expected_filename, filename)
+        }
+    }
+}

src/common/function-macro/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ proc-macro = true
 [dependencies]
 quote = "1.0"
 syn = "1.0"
+proc-macro2 = "1.0"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 arc-swap = "1.0"

src/common/function-macro/src/lib.rs

@@ -12,8 +12,11 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+mod range_fn;
+
 use proc_macro::TokenStream;
 use quote::{quote, quote_spanned};
+use range_fn::process_range_fn;
 use syn::parse::Parser;
 use syn::spanned::Spanned;
 use syn::{parse_macro_input, DeriveInput, ItemStruct};
@@ -83,3 +86,31 @@ pub fn as_aggr_func_creator(_args: TokenStream, input: TokenStream) -> TokenStre
     }
     .into()
 }
+
+/// Attribute macro to convert an arithimetic function to a range function. The annotated function
+/// should accept servaral arrays as input and return a single value as output. This procedure
+/// macro can works on any number of input parameters. Return type can be either primitive type
+/// or wrapped in `Option`.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// Take `count_over_time()` in PromQL as an example:
+/// ```rust, ignore
+/// /// The count of all values in the specified interval.
+/// #[range_fn(
+///     name = "CountOverTime",
+///     ret = "Float64Array",
+///     display_name = "prom_count_over_time"
+/// )]
+/// pub fn count_over_time(_: &TimestampMillisecondArray, values: &Float64Array) -> f64 {
+///      values.len() as f64
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Arguments
+/// - `name`: The name of the generated [ScalarUDF] struct.
+/// - `ret`: The return type of the generated UDF function.
+/// - `display_name`: The display name of the generated UDF function.
+#[proc_macro_attribute]
+pub fn range_fn(args: TokenStream, input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    process_range_fn(args, input)
+}

src/common/function-macro/src/range_fn.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use proc_macro::TokenStream;
+use proc_macro2::Span;
+use quote::quote;
+use syn::punctuated::Punctuated;
+use syn::spanned::Spanned;
+use syn::token::Comma;
+use syn::{
+    parse_macro_input, Attribute, AttributeArgs, FnArg, Ident, ItemFn, Meta, MetaNameValue,
+    NestedMeta, Signature, Type, TypeReference, Visibility,
+};
+
+/// Internal util macro to early return on error.
+macro_rules! ok {
+    ($item:expr) => {
+        match $item {
+            Ok(item) => item,
+            Err(e) => return e.into_compile_error().into(),
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn process_range_fn(args: TokenStream, input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    // extract arg map
+    let arg_pairs = parse_macro_input!(args as AttributeArgs);
+    let arg_span = arg_pairs[0].span();
+    let arg_map = ok!(extract_arg_map(arg_pairs));
+
+    // decompose the fn block
+    let compute_fn = parse_macro_input!(input as ItemFn);
+    let ItemFn {
+        attrs,
+        vis,
+        sig,
+        block,
+    } = compute_fn;
+
+    // extract fn arg list
+    let Signature {
+        inputs,
+        ident: fn_name,
+        ..
+    } = &sig;
+    let arg_types = ok!(extract_input_types(inputs));
+
+    // build the struct and its impl block
+    let struct_code = build_struct(
+        attrs,
+        vis,
+        ok!(get_ident(&arg_map, "name", arg_span)),
+        ok!(get_ident(&arg_map, "display_name", arg_span)),
+    );
+    let calc_fn_code = build_calc_fn(
+        ok!(get_ident(&arg_map, "name", arg_span)),
+        arg_types,
+        fn_name.clone(),
+        ok!(get_ident(&arg_map, "ret", arg_span)),
+    );
+    // preserve this fn, but remove its `pub` modifier
+    let input_fn_code: TokenStream = quote! {
+        #sig { #block }
+    }
+    .into();
+
+    let mut result = TokenStream::new();
+    result.extend(struct_code);
+    result.extend(calc_fn_code);
+    result.extend(input_fn_code);
+    result
+}
+
+/// Extract a String <-> Ident map from the attribute args.
+fn extract_arg_map(args: Vec<NestedMeta>) -> Result<HashMap<String, Ident>, syn::Error> {
+    args.into_iter()
+        .map(|meta| {
+            if let NestedMeta::Meta(Meta::NameValue(MetaNameValue { path, lit, .. })) = meta {
+                let name = path.get_ident().unwrap().to_string();
+                let ident = match lit {
+                    syn::Lit::Str(lit_str) => lit_str.parse::<Ident>(),
+                    _ => Err(syn::Error::new(
+                        lit.span(),
+                        "Unexpected attribute format. Expected `name = \"value\"`",
+                    )),
+                }?;
+                Ok((name, ident))
+            } else {
+                Err(syn::Error::new(
+                    meta.span(),
+                    "Unexpected attribute format. Expected `name = \"value\"`",
+                ))
+            }
+        })
+        .collect::<Result<HashMap<String, Ident>, syn::Error>>()
+}
+
+/// Helper function to get an Ident from the previous arg map.
+fn get_ident(map: &HashMap<String, Ident>, key: &str, span: Span) -> Result<Ident, syn::Error> {
+    map.get(key)
+        .cloned()
+        .ok_or_else(|| syn::Error::new(span, format!("Expect attribute {key} but not found")))
+}
+
+/// Extract the argument list from the annotated function.
+fn extract_input_types(inputs: &Punctuated<FnArg, Comma>) -> Result<Vec<Type>, syn::Error> {
+    inputs
+        .iter()
+        .map(|arg| match arg {
+            FnArg::Receiver(receiver) => Err(syn::Error::new(receiver.span(), "expected bool")),
+            FnArg::Typed(pat_type) => Ok(*pat_type.ty.clone()),
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn build_struct(
+    attrs: Vec<Attribute>,
+    vis: Visibility,
+    name: Ident,
+    display_name_ident: Ident,
+) -> TokenStream {
+    let display_name = display_name_ident.to_string();
+    quote! {
+        #(#attrs)*
+        #[derive(Debug)]
+        #vis struct #name {}
+
+        impl #name {
+            pub const fn name() -> &'static str {
+                #display_name
+            }
+
+            pub fn scalar_udf() -> ScalarUDF {
+                ScalarUDF {
+                    name: Self::name().to_string(),
+                    signature: Signature::new(
+                        TypeSignature::Exact(Self::input_type()),
+                        Volatility::Immutable,
+                    ),
+                    return_type: Arc::new(|_| Ok(Arc::new(Self::return_type()))),
+                    fun: Arc::new(Self::calc),
+                }
+            }
+
+            // TODO(ruihang): this should be parameterized
+            // time index column and value column
+            fn input_type() -> Vec<DataType> {
+                vec![
+                    RangeArray::convert_data_type(DataType::Timestamp(TimeUnit::Millisecond, None)),
+                    RangeArray::convert_data_type(DataType::Float64),
+                ]
+            }
+
+            // TODO(ruihang): this should be parameterized
+            fn return_type() -> DataType {
+                DataType::Float64
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    .into()
+}
+
+fn build_calc_fn(
+    name: Ident,
+    param_types: Vec<Type>,
+    fn_name: Ident,
+    ret_type: Ident,
+) -> TokenStream {
+    let param_names = param_types
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .map(|(i, ty)| Ident::new(&format!("param_{}", i), ty.span()))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let unref_param_types = param_types
+        .iter()
+        .map(|ty| {
+            if let Type::Reference(TypeReference { elem, .. }) = ty {
+                elem.as_ref().clone()
+            } else {
+                ty.clone()
+            }
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let num_params = param_types.len();
+    let param_numbers = (0..num_params).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let range_array_names = param_names
+        .iter()
+        .map(|name| Ident::new(&format!("{}_range_array", name), name.span()))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let first_range_array_name = range_array_names.first().unwrap().clone();
+
+    quote! {
+        impl #name {
+            fn calc(input: &[ColumnarValue]) -> Result<ColumnarValue, DataFusionError> {
+                assert_eq!(input.len(), #num_params);
+
+                #( let #range_array_names = RangeArray::try_new(extract_array(&input[#param_numbers])?.data().clone().into())?; )*
+
+                // TODO(ruihang): add ensure!() 
+
+                let mut result_array = Vec::new();
+                for index in 0..#first_range_array_name.len(){
+                    #( let #param_names = #range_array_names.get(index).unwrap().as_any().downcast_ref::<#unref_param_types>().unwrap().clone(); )*
+
+                    // TODO(ruihang): add ensure!() to check length
+
+                    let result = #fn_name(#( &#param_names, )*);
+                    result_array.push(result);
+                }
+
+                let result = ColumnarValue::Array(Arc::new(#ret_type::from_iter(result_array)));
+                Ok(result)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    .into()
+}

src/common/function/src/scalars/timestamp.rs

@@ -12,17 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::sync::Arc;
-mod from_unixtime;
-
-use from_unixtime::FromUnixtimeFunction;
-
 use crate::scalars::function_registry::FunctionRegistry;
 
 pub(crate) struct TimestampFunction;
 
 impl TimestampFunction {
-    pub fn register(registry: &FunctionRegistry) {
-        registry.register(Arc::new(FromUnixtimeFunction::default()));
-    }
+    pub fn register(_registry: &FunctionRegistry) {}
 }

src/common/function/src/scalars/timestamp/from_unixtime.rs

@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! from_unixtime function.
-/// TODO(dennis) It can be removed after we upgrade datafusion.
-use std::fmt;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use common_query::error::{
-    ArrowComputeSnafu, IntoVectorSnafu, Result, TypeCastSnafu, UnsupportedInputDataTypeSnafu,
-};
-use common_query::prelude::{Signature, Volatility};
-use datatypes::arrow::compute;
-use datatypes::arrow::datatypes::{DataType as ArrowDatatype, Int64Type};
-use datatypes::data_type::DataType;
-use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
-use datatypes::vectors::{TimestampMillisecondVector, VectorRef};
-use snafu::ResultExt;
-
-use crate::scalars::function::{Function, FunctionContext};
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
-pub struct FromUnixtimeFunction;
-
-const NAME: &str = "from_unixtime";
-
-impl Function for FromUnixtimeFunction {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        NAME
-    }
-
-    fn return_type(&self, _input_types: &[ConcreteDataType]) -> Result<ConcreteDataType> {
-        Ok(ConcreteDataType::timestamp_millisecond_datatype())
-    }
-
-    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::uniform(
-            1,
-            vec![ConcreteDataType::int64_datatype()],
-            Volatility::Immutable,
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn eval(&self, _func_ctx: FunctionContext, columns: &[VectorRef]) -> Result<VectorRef> {
-        match columns[0].data_type() {
-            ConcreteDataType::Int64(_) => {
-                let array = columns[0].to_arrow_array();
-                // Our timestamp vector's time unit is millisecond
-                let array = compute::multiply_scalar_dyn::<Int64Type>(&array, 1000i64)
-                    .context(ArrowComputeSnafu)?;
-
-                let arrow_datatype = &self.return_type(&[]).unwrap().as_arrow_type();
-                Ok(Arc::new(
-                    TimestampMillisecondVector::try_from_arrow_array(
-                        compute::cast(&array, arrow_datatype).context(TypeCastSnafu {
-                            typ: ArrowDatatype::Int64,
-                        })?,
-                    )
-                    .context(IntoVectorSnafu {
-                        data_type: arrow_datatype.clone(),
-                    })?,
-                ))
-            }
-            _ => UnsupportedInputDataTypeSnafu {
-                function: NAME,
-                datatypes: columns.iter().map(|c| c.data_type()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            }
-            .fail(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for FromUnixtimeFunction {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "FROM_UNIXTIME")
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use common_query::prelude::TypeSignature;
-    use datatypes::value::Value;
-    use datatypes::vectors::Int64Vector;
-
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_from_unixtime() {
-        let f = FromUnixtimeFunction::default();
-        assert_eq!("from_unixtime", f.name());
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::timestamp_millisecond_datatype(),
-            f.return_type(&[]).unwrap()
-        );
-
-        assert!(matches!(f.signature(),
-                         Signature {
-                             type_signature: TypeSignature::Uniform(1, valid_types),
-                             volatility: Volatility::Immutable
-                         } if  valid_types == vec![ConcreteDataType::int64_datatype()]
-        ));
-
-        let times = vec![Some(1494410783), None, Some(1494410983)];
-        let args: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int64Vector::from(times.clone()))];
-
-        let vector = f.eval(FunctionContext::default(), &args).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(3, vector.len());
-        for (i, t) in times.iter().enumerate() {
-            let v = vector.get(i);
-            if i == 1 {
-                assert_eq!(Value::Null, v);
-                continue;
-            }
-            match v {
-                Value::Timestamp(ts) => {
-                    assert_eq!(ts.value(), t.unwrap() * 1000);
-                }
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

src/common/function/src/scalars/udf.rs

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use common_query::error::{ExecuteFunctionSnafu, FromScalarValueSnafu};
+use common_query::error::FromScalarValueSnafu;
 use common_query::prelude::{
-    ColumnarValue, ReturnTypeFunction, ScalarFunctionImplementation, ScalarUdf, ScalarValue,
+    ColumnarValue, ReturnTypeFunction, ScalarFunctionImplementation, ScalarUdf,
 };
 use datatypes::error::Error as DataTypeError;
 use datatypes::prelude::*;
@@ -54,16 +54,8 @@ pub fn create_udf(func: FunctionRef) -> ScalarUdf {
             .collect();
 
         let result = func_cloned.eval(func_ctx, &args.context(FromScalarValueSnafu)?);
-
-        let udf = if len.is_some() {
-            result.map(ColumnarValue::Vector)?
-        } else {
-            ScalarValue::try_from_array(&result?.to_arrow_array(), 0)
-                .map(ColumnarValue::Scalar)
-                .context(ExecuteFunctionSnafu)?
-        };
-
-        Ok(udf)
+        let udf_result = result.map(ColumnarValue::Vector)?;
+        Ok(udf_result)
     });
 
     ScalarUdf::new(func.name(), &func.signature(), &return_type, &fun)

src/common/grpc-expr/src/error.rs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub enum Error {
     DecodeInsert { source: DecodeError },
 
     #[snafu(display("Illegal insert data"))]
-    IllegalInsertData,
+    IllegalInsertData { backtrace: Backtrace },
 
     #[snafu(display("Column datatype error, source: {}", source))]
     ColumnDataType {

src/common/grpc/Cargo.toml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ tower = "0.4"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion = "0.4"
-rand = "0.8"
+rand.workspace = true
 
 [[bench]]
 name = "bench_main"

src/common/mem-prof/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[package]
+name = "common-mem-prof"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+common-error = { path = "../error" }
+snafu.workspace = true
+tempfile = "3.4"
+tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { version = "0.5", features = ["use_std"] }
+tikv-jemallocator = "0.5"
+tokio.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies.tikv-jemalloc-sys]
+version = "0.5"
+features = ["stats", "profiling", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"]

src/common/mem-prof/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Profile memory usage of GreptimeDB
+
+This crate provides an easy approach to dump memory profiling info.
+
+## Prerequisites
+### jemalloc
+```bash
+# for macOS
+brew install jemalloc
+
+# for Ubuntu
+sudo apt install libjemalloc-dev
+```
+
+### [flamegraph](https://github.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph) 
+
+```bash
+curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph/master/flamegraph.pl > ./flamegraph.pl 
+```
+
+### Build GreptimeDB with `mem-prof` feature.
+
+```bash
+cargo build --features=mem-prof
+```
+
+## Profiling
+
+Start GreptimeDB instance with environment variables:
+
+```bash
+MALLOC_CONF=prof:true,lg_prof_interval:28 ./target/debug/greptime standalone start
+```
+
+Dump memory profiling data through HTTP API:
+
+```bash
+curl localhost:4000/v1/prof/mem > greptime.hprof
+```
+
+You can periodically dump profiling data and compare them to find the delta memory usage.
+
+## Analyze profiling data with flamegraph
+
+To create flamegraph according to dumped profiling data:
+
+```bash
+jeprof --svg <path_to_greptimedb_binary> --base=<baseline_prof> <profile_data> > output.svg
+```
+

src/common/mem-prof/src/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::any::Any;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use common_error::prelude::{ErrorExt, StatusCode};
+use snafu::{Backtrace, Snafu};
+
+pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Snafu)]
+#[snafu(visibility(pub))]
+pub enum Error {
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to read OPT_PROF"))]
+    ReadOptProf { source: tikv_jemalloc_ctl::Error },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Memory profiling is not enabled"))]
+    ProfilingNotEnabled,
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to build temp file from given path: {:?}", path))]
+    BuildTempPath { path: PathBuf, backtrace: Backtrace },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to open temp file: {}", path))]
+    OpenTempFile {
+        path: String,
+        source: std::io::Error,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to dump profiling data to temp file: {:?}", path))]
+    DumpProfileData {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        source: tikv_jemalloc_ctl::Error,
+    },
+}
+
+impl ErrorExt for Error {
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        match self {
+            Error::ReadOptProf { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
+            Error::ProfilingNotEnabled => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
+            Error::BuildTempPath { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
+            Error::OpenTempFile { .. } => StatusCode::StorageUnavailable,
+            Error::DumpProfileData { .. } => StatusCode::StorageUnavailable,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn backtrace_opt(&self) -> Option<&Backtrace> {
+        snafu::ErrorCompat::backtrace(self)
+    }
+
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}

src/common/mem-prof/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub mod error;
+
+use std::ffi::{c_char, CString};
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use snafu::{ensure, ResultExt};
+use tokio::io::AsyncReadExt;
+
+use crate::error::{
+    BuildTempPathSnafu, DumpProfileDataSnafu, OpenTempFileSnafu, ProfilingNotEnabledSnafu,
+    ReadOptProfSnafu,
+};
+
+const PROF_DUMP: &[u8] = b"prof.dump\0";
+const OPT_PROF: &[u8] = b"opt.prof\0";
+
+pub async fn dump_profile() -> error::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    ensure!(is_prof_enabled()?, ProfilingNotEnabledSnafu);
+    let tmp_path = tempfile::tempdir().map_err(|_| {
+        BuildTempPathSnafu {
+            path: std::env::temp_dir(),
+        }
+        .build()
+    })?;
+
+    let mut path_buf = PathBuf::from(tmp_path.path());
+    path_buf.push("greptimedb.hprof");
+
+    let path = path_buf
+        .to_str()
+        .ok_or_else(|| BuildTempPathSnafu { path: &path_buf }.build())?
+        .to_string();
+
+    let mut bytes = CString::new(path.as_str())
+        .map_err(|_| BuildTempPathSnafu { path: &path_buf }.build())?
+        .into_bytes_with_nul();
+
+    {
+        // #safety: we always expect a valid temp file path to write profiling data to.
+        let ptr = bytes.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_char;
+        unsafe {
+            tikv_jemalloc_ctl::raw::write(PROF_DUMP, ptr)
+                .context(DumpProfileDataSnafu { path: path_buf })?
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut f = tokio::fs::File::open(path.as_str())
+        .await
+        .context(OpenTempFileSnafu { path: &path })?;
+    let mut buf = vec![];
+    f.read_to_end(&mut buf)
+        .await
+        .context(OpenTempFileSnafu { path })?;
+    Ok(buf)
+}
+
+fn is_prof_enabled() -> error::Result<bool> {
+    // safety: OPT_PROF variable, if present, is always a boolean value.
+    Ok(unsafe { tikv_jemalloc_ctl::raw::read::<bool>(OPT_PROF).context(ReadOptProfSnafu)? })
+}

src/common/procedure/Cargo.toml

@@ -14,10 +14,11 @@ object-store = { path = "../../object-store" }
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json = "1.0"
 smallvec = "1"
+backon = "0.4.0"
 snafu.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true
 uuid.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+common-test-util = { path = "../test-util" }
 futures-util.workspace = true
-tempdir = "0.3"

src/common/procedure/src/error.rs

@@ -97,6 +97,16 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: Arc<Error>,
         backtrace: Backtrace,
     },
+
+    #[snafu(display(
+        "Procedure retry exceeded max times, procedure_id: {}, source:{}",
+        procedure_id,
+        source
+    ))]
+    RetryTimesExceeded {
+        source: Arc<Error>,
+        procedure_id: ProcedureId,
+    },
 }
 
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
@@ -111,6 +121,7 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             | Error::ListState { .. }
             | Error::ReadState { .. }
             | Error::FromJson { .. }
+            | Error::RetryTimesExceeded { .. }
             | Error::RetryLater { .. }
             | Error::WaitWatcher { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
             Error::LoaderConflict { .. } | Error::DuplicateProcedure { .. } => {

src/common/procedure/src/local.rs

@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ mod runner;
 
 use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock};
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
+use backon::ExponentialBuilder;
 use common_telemetry::logging;
 use object_store::ObjectStore;
 use snafu::ensure;
@@ -291,12 +293,16 @@ impl ManagerContext {
 pub struct ManagerConfig {
     /// Object store
     pub object_store: ObjectStore,
+    pub max_retry_times: usize,
+    pub retry_delay: Duration,
 }
 
 /// A [ProcedureManager] that maintains procedure states locally.
 pub struct LocalManager {
     manager_ctx: Arc<ManagerContext>,
     state_store: StateStoreRef,
+    max_retry_times: usize,
+    retry_delay: Duration,
 }
 
 impl LocalManager {
@@ -305,6 +311,8 @@ impl LocalManager {
         LocalManager {
             manager_ctx: Arc::new(ManagerContext::new()),
             state_store: Arc::new(ObjectStateStore::new(config.object_store)),
+            max_retry_times: config.max_retry_times,
+            retry_delay: config.retry_delay,
         }
     }
 
@@ -321,7 +329,11 @@ impl LocalManager {
             procedure,
             manager_ctx: self.manager_ctx.clone(),
             step,
+            exponential_builder: ExponentialBuilder::default()
+                .with_min_delay(self.retry_delay)
+                .with_max_times(self.max_retry_times),
             store: ProcedureStore::new(self.state_store.clone()),
+            rolling_back: false,
         };
 
         let watcher = meta.state_receiver.clone();
@@ -409,9 +421,9 @@ impl ProcedureManager for LocalManager {
 /// Create a new [ProcedureMeta] for test purpose.
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test_util {
+    use common_test_util::temp_dir::TempDir;
     use object_store::services::Fs as Builder;
     use object_store::ObjectStoreBuilder;
-    use tempdir::TempDir;
 
     use super::*;
 
@@ -430,7 +442,7 @@ mod test_util {
 mod tests {
     use common_error::mock::MockError;
     use common_error::prelude::StatusCode;
-    use tempdir::TempDir;
+    use common_test_util::temp_dir::create_temp_dir;
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::error::Error;
@@ -540,9 +552,11 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_register_loader() {
-        let dir = TempDir::new("register").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("register");
         let config = ManagerConfig {
             object_store: test_util::new_object_store(&dir),
+            max_retry_times: 3,
+            retry_delay: Duration::from_millis(500),
         };
         let manager = LocalManager::new(config);
 
@@ -558,10 +572,12 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_recover() {
-        let dir = TempDir::new("recover").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("recover");
         let object_store = test_util::new_object_store(&dir);
         let config = ManagerConfig {
             object_store: object_store.clone(),
+            max_retry_times: 3,
+            retry_delay: Duration::from_millis(500),
         };
         let manager = LocalManager::new(config);
 
@@ -603,9 +619,11 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_submit_procedure() {
-        let dir = TempDir::new("submit").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("submit");
         let config = ManagerConfig {
             object_store: test_util::new_object_store(&dir),
+            max_retry_times: 3,
+            retry_delay: Duration::from_millis(500),
         };
         let manager = LocalManager::new(config);
 
@@ -649,9 +667,11 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_state_changed_on_err() {
-        let dir = TempDir::new("on_err").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("on_err");
         let config = ManagerConfig {
             object_store: test_util::new_object_store(&dir),
+            max_retry_times: 3,
+            retry_delay: Duration::from_millis(500),
         };
         let manager = LocalManager::new(config);
 

src/common/procedure/src/local/runner.rs

@@ -15,15 +15,15 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
+use backon::{BackoffBuilder, ExponentialBuilder};
 use common_telemetry::logging;
 use tokio::time;
 
 use crate::error::{ProcedurePanicSnafu, Result};
 use crate::local::{ManagerContext, ProcedureMeta, ProcedureMetaRef};
 use crate::store::ProcedureStore;
-use crate::{BoxedProcedure, Context, ProcedureId, ProcedureState, ProcedureWithId, Status};
-
-const ERR_WAIT_DURATION: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
+use crate::ProcedureState::Retrying;
+use crate::{BoxedProcedure, Context, Error, ProcedureId, ProcedureState, ProcedureWithId, Status};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 enum ExecResult {
@@ -108,7 +108,9 @@ pub(crate) struct Runner {
     pub(crate) procedure: BoxedProcedure,
     pub(crate) manager_ctx: Arc<ManagerContext>,
     pub(crate) step: u32,
+    pub(crate) exponential_builder: ExponentialBuilder,
     pub(crate) store: ProcedureStore,
+    pub(crate) rolling_back: bool,
 }
 
 impl Runner {
@@ -164,18 +166,56 @@ impl Runner {
             provider: self.manager_ctx.clone(),
         };
 
+        self.rolling_back = false;
+        self.execute_once_with_retry(&ctx).await;
+    }
+
+    async fn execute_once_with_retry(&mut self, ctx: &Context) {
+        let mut retry = self.exponential_builder.build();
+        let mut retry_times = 0;
         loop {
-            match self.execute_once(&ctx).await {
-                ExecResult::Continue => (),
+            match self.execute_once(ctx).await {
                 ExecResult::Done | ExecResult::Failed => return,
+                ExecResult::Continue => (),
                 ExecResult::RetryLater => {
-                    self.wait_on_err().await;
+                    retry_times += 1;
+                    if let Some(d) = retry.next() {
+                        self.wait_on_err(d, retry_times).await;
+                    } else {
+                        assert!(self.meta.state().is_retrying());
+                        if let Retrying { error } = self.meta.state() {
+                            self.meta.set_state(ProcedureState::failed(Arc::new(
+                                Error::RetryTimesExceeded {
+                                    source: error,
+                                    procedure_id: self.meta.id,
+                                },
+                            )))
+                        }
+                        return;
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
+    async fn rollback(&mut self, error: Arc<Error>) -> ExecResult {
+        if let Err(e) = self.rollback_procedure().await {
+            self.rolling_back = true;
+            self.meta.set_state(ProcedureState::retrying(Arc::new(e)));
+            return ExecResult::RetryLater;
+        }
+        self.meta.set_state(ProcedureState::failed(error));
+        ExecResult::Failed
+    }
+
     async fn execute_once(&mut self, ctx: &Context) -> ExecResult {
+        // if rolling_back, there is no need to execute again.
+        if self.rolling_back {
+            // We can definitely get the previous error here.
+            let state = self.meta.state();
+            let err = state.error().unwrap();
+            return self.rollback(err.clone()).await;
+        }
         match self.procedure.execute(ctx).await {
             Ok(status) => {
                 logging::debug!(
@@ -186,8 +226,11 @@ impl Runner {
                     status.need_persist(),
                 );
 
-                if status.need_persist() && self.persist_procedure().await.is_err() {
-                    return ExecResult::RetryLater;
+                if status.need_persist() {
+                    if let Err(err) = self.persist_procedure().await {
+                        self.meta.set_state(ProcedureState::retrying(Arc::new(err)));
+                        return ExecResult::RetryLater;
+                    }
                 }
 
                 match status {
@@ -196,7 +239,8 @@ impl Runner {
                         self.on_suspended(subprocedures).await;
                     }
                     Status::Done => {
-                        if self.commit_procedure().await.is_err() {
+                        if let Err(e) = self.commit_procedure().await {
+                            self.meta.set_state(ProcedureState::retrying(Arc::new(e)));
                             return ExecResult::RetryLater;
                         }
 
@@ -217,17 +261,12 @@ impl Runner {
                 );
 
                 if e.is_retry_later() {
+                    self.meta.set_state(ProcedureState::retrying(Arc::new(e)));
                     return ExecResult::RetryLater;
                 }
 
-                self.meta.set_state(ProcedureState::failed(Arc::new(e)));
-
                 // Write rollback key so we can skip this procedure while recovering procedures.
-                if self.rollback_procedure().await.is_err() {
-                    return ExecResult::RetryLater;
-                }
-
-                ExecResult::Failed
+                self.rollback(Arc::new(e)).await
             }
         }
     }
@@ -261,7 +300,9 @@ impl Runner {
             procedure,
             manager_ctx: self.manager_ctx.clone(),
             step,
+            exponential_builder: self.exponential_builder.clone(),
             store: self.store.clone(),
+            rolling_back: false,
         };
 
         // Insert the procedure. We already check the procedure existence before inserting
@@ -285,8 +326,16 @@ impl Runner {
         });
     }
 
-    async fn wait_on_err(&self) {
-        time::sleep(ERR_WAIT_DURATION).await;
+    /// Extend the retry time to wait for the next retry.
+    async fn wait_on_err(&self, d: Duration, i: u64) {
+        logging::info!(
+            "Procedure {}-{} retry for the {} times after {} millis",
+            self.procedure.type_name(),
+            self.meta.id,
+            i,
+            d.as_millis(),
+        );
+        time::sleep(d).await;
     }
 
     async fn on_suspended(&self, subprocedures: Vec<ProcedureWithId>) {
@@ -395,10 +444,10 @@ mod tests {
     use common_error::ext::PlainError;
     use common_error::mock::MockError;
     use common_error::prelude::StatusCode;
+    use common_test_util::temp_dir::create_temp_dir;
     use futures_util::future::BoxFuture;
     use futures_util::{FutureExt, TryStreamExt};
     use object_store::ObjectStore;
-    use tempdir::TempDir;
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::local::test_util;
@@ -416,7 +465,9 @@ mod tests {
             procedure,
             manager_ctx: Arc::new(ManagerContext::new()),
             step: 0,
+            exponential_builder: ExponentialBuilder::default(),
             store,
+            rolling_back: false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -511,7 +562,7 @@ mod tests {
             exec_fn,
         };
 
-        let dir = TempDir::new("normal").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("normal");
         let meta = normal.new_meta(ROOT_ID);
         let ctx = context_without_provider(meta.id);
         let object_store = test_util::new_object_store(&dir);
@@ -559,7 +610,7 @@ mod tests {
             exec_fn,
         };
 
-        let dir = TempDir::new("suspend").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("suspend");
         let meta = suspend.new_meta(ROOT_ID);
         let ctx = context_without_provider(meta.id);
         let object_store = test_util::new_object_store(&dir);
@@ -658,7 +709,7 @@ mod tests {
             exec_fn,
         };
 
-        let dir = TempDir::new("parent").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("parent");
         let meta = parent.new_meta(ROOT_ID);
         let procedure_id = meta.id;
 
@@ -700,7 +751,7 @@ mod tests {
             exec_fn,
         };
 
-        let dir = TempDir::new("fail").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("fail");
         let meta = fail.new_meta(ROOT_ID);
         let ctx = context_without_provider(meta.id);
         let object_store = test_util::new_object_store(&dir);
@@ -735,7 +786,7 @@ mod tests {
             exec_fn,
         };
 
-        let dir = TempDir::new("retry_later").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("retry_later");
         let meta = retry_later.new_meta(ROOT_ID);
         let ctx = context_without_provider(meta.id);
         let object_store = test_util::new_object_store(&dir);
@@ -744,7 +795,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let res = runner.execute_once(&ctx).await;
         assert!(res.is_retry_later(), "{res:?}");
-        assert!(meta.state().is_running());
+        assert!(meta.state().is_retrying());
 
         let res = runner.execute_once(&ctx).await;
         assert!(res.is_done(), "{res:?}");
@@ -752,6 +803,36 @@ mod tests {
         check_files(&object_store, ctx.procedure_id, &["0000000000.commit"]).await;
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_execute_exceed_max_retry_later() {
+        let exec_fn =
+            |_| async { Err(Error::retry_later(MockError::new(StatusCode::Unexpected))) }.boxed();
+
+        let exceed_max_retry_later = ProcedureAdapter {
+            data: "exceed_max_retry_later".to_string(),
+            lock_key: LockKey::single("catalog.schema.table"),
+            exec_fn,
+        };
+
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("exceed_max_retry_later");
+        let meta = exceed_max_retry_later.new_meta(ROOT_ID);
+        let object_store = test_util::new_object_store(&dir);
+        let procedure_store = ProcedureStore::from(object_store.clone());
+        let mut runner = new_runner(
+            meta.clone(),
+            Box::new(exceed_max_retry_later),
+            procedure_store,
+        );
+        runner.exponential_builder = ExponentialBuilder::default()
+            .with_min_delay(Duration::from_millis(1))
+            .with_max_times(3);
+
+        // Run the runner and execute the procedure.
+        runner.execute_procedure_in_loop().await;
+        let err = meta.state().error().unwrap().to_string();
+        assert!(err.contains("Procedure retry exceeded max times"));
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_child_error() {
         let mut times = 0;
@@ -806,7 +887,7 @@ mod tests {
             exec_fn,
         };
 
-        let dir = TempDir::new("child_err").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("child_err");
         let meta = parent.new_meta(ROOT_ID);
 
         let object_store = test_util::new_object_store(&dir);
@@ -819,7 +900,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Replace the manager ctx.
         runner.manager_ctx = manager_ctx;
 
-        // Run the runer and execute the procedure.
+        // Run the runner and execute the procedure.
         runner.run().await;
         let err = meta.state().error().unwrap().to_string();
         assert!(err.contains("subprocedure failed"), "{err}");

src/common/procedure/src/procedure.rs

@@ -206,6 +206,8 @@ pub enum ProcedureState {
     Running,
     /// The procedure is finished.
     Done,
+    /// The procedure is failed and can be retried.
+    Retrying { error: Arc<Error> },
     /// The procedure is failed and cannot proceed anymore.
     Failed { error: Arc<Error> },
 }
@@ -216,6 +218,11 @@ impl ProcedureState {
         ProcedureState::Failed { error }
     }
 
+    /// Returns a [ProcedureState] with retrying state.
+    pub fn retrying(error: Arc<Error>) -> ProcedureState {
+        ProcedureState::Retrying { error }
+    }
+
     /// Returns true if the procedure state is running.
     pub fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
         matches!(self, ProcedureState::Running)
@@ -231,10 +238,16 @@ impl ProcedureState {
         matches!(self, ProcedureState::Failed { .. })
     }
 
+    /// Returns true if the procedure state is retrying.
+    pub fn is_retrying(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, ProcedureState::Retrying { .. })
+    }
+
     /// Returns the error.
     pub fn error(&self) -> Option<&Arc<Error>> {
         match self {
             ProcedureState::Failed { error } => Some(error),
+            ProcedureState::Retrying { error } => Some(error),
             _ => None,
         }
     }

src/common/procedure/src/store.rs

@@ -246,9 +246,9 @@ impl ParsedKey {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use async_trait::async_trait;
+    use common_test_util::temp_dir::{create_temp_dir, TempDir};
     use object_store::services::Fs as Builder;
     use object_store::ObjectStoreBuilder;
-    use tempdir::TempDir;
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::{Context, LockKey, Procedure, Status};
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_store_procedure() {
-        let dir = TempDir::new("store_procedure").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("store_procedure");
         let store = procedure_store_for_test(&dir);
 
         let procedure_id = ProcedureId::random();
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_commit_procedure() {
-        let dir = TempDir::new("commit_procedure").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("commit_procedure");
         let store = procedure_store_for_test(&dir);
 
         let procedure_id = ProcedureId::random();
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_rollback_procedure() {
-        let dir = TempDir::new("rollback_procedure").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("rollback_procedure");
         let store = procedure_store_for_test(&dir);
 
         let procedure_id = ProcedureId::random();
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_load_messages() {
-        let dir = TempDir::new("load_messages").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("load_messages");
         let store = procedure_store_for_test(&dir);
 
         // store 3 steps

src/common/procedure/src/store/state_store.rs

@@ -115,15 +115,15 @@ impl StateStore for ObjectStateStore {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use common_test_util::temp_dir::create_temp_dir;
     use object_store::services::Fs as Builder;
     use object_store::ObjectStoreBuilder;
-    use tempdir::TempDir;
 
     use super::*;
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_object_state_store() {
-        let dir = TempDir::new("state_store").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("state_store");
         let store_dir = dir.path().to_str().unwrap();
         let accessor = Builder::default().root(store_dir).build().unwrap();
         let object_store = ObjectStore::new(accessor).finish();

src/common/procedure/src/watcher.rs

@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ pub async fn wait(watcher: &mut Watcher) -> Result<()> {
             ProcedureState::Failed { error } => {
                 return Err(error.clone()).context(ProcedureExecSnafu);
             }
+            ProcedureState::Retrying { error } => {
+                return Err(error.clone()).context(ProcedureExecSnafu);
+            }
         }
     }
 }

src/common/test-util/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[package]
+name = "common-test-util"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+tempfile.workspace = true

src/common/test-util/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub mod temp_dir;

src/common/test-util/src/temp_dir.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub use tempfile::{NamedTempFile, TempDir};
+
+pub fn create_temp_dir(prefix: &str) -> TempDir {
+    tempfile::Builder::new().prefix(prefix).tempdir().unwrap()
+}
+
+pub fn create_named_temp_file() -> NamedTempFile {
+    NamedTempFile::new().unwrap()
+}

src/common/time/Cargo.toml

@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ serde_json = "1.0"
 snafu = { version = "0.7", features = ["backtraces"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-rand = "0.8"
+rand.workspace = true

src/common/time/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#![feature(int_roundings)]
 // Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

src/common/time/src/timestamp.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
 
 use crate::error;
 use crate::error::{ArithmeticOverflowSnafu, Error, ParseTimestampSnafu, TimestampOverflowSnafu};
+use crate::util::div_ceil;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Timestamp {
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ impl Timestamp {
             Some(Timestamp::new(value, unit))
         } else {
             let mul = unit.factor() / self.unit().factor();
-            Some(Timestamp::new(self.value.div_ceil(mul as i64), unit))
+            Some(Timestamp::new(div_ceil(self.value, mul as i64), unit))
         }
     }
 

src/common/time/src/util.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,17 @@ pub fn current_time_millis() -> i64 {
     chrono::Utc::now().timestamp_millis()
 }
 
+/// Port of rust unstable features `int_roundings`.
+pub(crate) fn div_ceil(this: i64, rhs: i64) -> i64 {
+    let d = this / rhs;
+    let r = this % rhs;
+    if r > 0 && rhs > 0 {
+        d + 1
+    } else {
+        d
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::time::{self, SystemTime};
@@ -42,4 +53,10 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(datetime_std.hour(), datetime_now.hour());
         assert_eq!(datetime_std.minute(), datetime_now.minute());
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_div_ceil() {
+        let v0 = 9223372036854676001;
+        assert_eq!(9223372036854677, div_ceil(v0, 1000));
+    }
 }

src/datanode/Cargo.toml

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ default = ["python"]
 python = ["dep:script"]
 
 [dependencies]
+async-compat = "0.2"
 async-stream.workspace = true
 async-trait.workspace = true
 api = { path = "../api" }
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ catalog = { path = "../catalog" }
 common-base = { path = "../common/base" }
 common-catalog = { path = "../common/catalog" }
 common-error = { path = "../common/error" }
+common-datasource = { path = "../common/datasource" }
 common-grpc = { path = "../common/grpc" }
 common-grpc-expr = { path = "../common/grpc-expr" }
 common-procedure = { path = "../common/procedure" }
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ datafusion-common.workspace = true
 datafusion-expr.workspace = true
 datatypes = { path = "../datatypes" }
 futures = "0.3"
+futures-util.workspace = true
 hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["full"] }
 humantime-serde = "1.1"
 log-store = { path = "../log-store" }
@@ -43,6 +46,7 @@ object-store = { path = "../object-store" }
 pin-project = "1.0"
 prost.workspace = true
 query = { path = "../query" }
+regex = "1.6"
 script = { path = "../script", features = ["python"], optional = true }
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0"
@@ -60,11 +64,13 @@ tokio-stream = { version = "0.1", features = ["net"] }
 tonic.workspace = true
 tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["full"] }
 tower-http = { version = "0.3", features = ["full"] }
+url = "2.3.1"
+uuid.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 axum-test-helper = { git = "https://github.com/sunng87/axum-test-helper.git", branch = "patch-1" }
 client = { path = "../client" }
+common-test-util = { path = "../common/test-util" }
 common-query = { path = "../common/query" }
 datafusion-common.workspace = true
-tempdir = "0.3"
 toml = "0.5"

src/datanode/src/datanode.rs

@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ impl Default for ObjectStoreConfig {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
 pub struct WalConfig {
     // wal directory
     pub dir: String,
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ impl Default for WalConfig {
 
 /// Options for table compaction
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Eq, PartialEq)]
+#[serde(default)]
 pub struct CompactionConfig {
     /// Max task number that can concurrently run.
     pub max_inflight_tasks: usize,
@@ -149,11 +151,22 @@ impl From<&DatanodeOptions> for StorageEngineConfig {
 pub struct ProcedureConfig {
     /// Storage config for procedure manager.
     pub store: ObjectStoreConfig,
+    /// Max retry times of procedure.
+    pub max_retry_times: usize,
+    /// Initial retry delay of procedures, increases exponentially.
+    #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
+    pub retry_delay: Duration,
 }
 
 impl Default for ProcedureConfig {
     fn default() -> ProcedureConfig {
-        ProcedureConfig::from_file_path("/tmp/greptimedb/procedure/".to_string())
+        ProcedureConfig {
+            store: ObjectStoreConfig::File(FileConfig {
+                data_dir: "/tmp/greptimedb/procedure/".to_string(),
+            }),
+            max_retry_times: 3,
+            retry_delay: Duration::from_millis(500),
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -161,6 +174,7 @@ impl ProcedureConfig {
     pub fn from_file_path(path: String) -> ProcedureConfig {
         ProcedureConfig {
             store: ObjectStoreConfig::File(FileConfig { data_dir: path }),
+            ..Default::default()
         }
     }
 }
@@ -240,6 +254,20 @@ impl Datanode {
     pub fn get_instance(&self) -> InstanceRef {
         self.instance.clone()
     }
+
+    pub async fn shutdown_instance(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.instance.shutdown().await
+    }
+
+    async fn shutdown_services(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.services.shutdown().await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        // We must shutdown services first
+        self.shutdown_services().await?;
+        self.shutdown_instance().await
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

src/datanode/src/error.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::any::Any;
 
+use common_datasource::error::Error as DataSourceError;
 use common_error::prelude::*;
 use common_procedure::ProcedureId;
 use common_recordbatch::error::Error as RecordBatchError;
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ use datafusion::parquet;
 use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
 use storage::error::Error as StorageError;
 use table::error::Error as TableError;
+use url::ParseError;
 
 use crate::datanode::ObjectStoreConfig;
 
@@ -34,6 +36,24 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: query::error::Error,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to plan statement, source: {}", source))]
+    PlanStatement {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: query::error::Error,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to execute statement, source: {}", source))]
+    ExecuteStatement {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: query::error::Error,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to execute logical plan, source: {}", source))]
+    ExecuteLogicalPlan {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: query::error::Error,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Failed to decode logical plan, source: {}", source))]
     DecodeLogicalPlan {
         #[snafu(backtrace)]
@@ -150,6 +170,13 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: TableError,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to flush table: {}, source: {}", table_name, source))]
+    FlushTable {
+        table_name: String,
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: TableError,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Failed to start server, source: {}", source))]
     StartServer {
         #[snafu(backtrace)]
@@ -192,7 +219,13 @@ pub enum Error {
 
     #[snafu(display("Failed to build backend, source: {}", source))]
     BuildBackend {
-        source: object_store::Error,
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: DataSourceError,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to parse url, source: {}", source))]
+    ParseUrl {
+        source: DataSourceError,
         backtrace: Backtrace,
     },
 
@@ -205,6 +238,36 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[snafu(display("Invalid SQL, error: {}", msg))]
     InvalidSql { msg: String },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Invalid url: {}, error :{}", url, source))]
+    InvalidUrl { url: String, source: ParseError },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Invalid filepath: {}", path))]
+    InvalidPath { path: String },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Invalid connection: {}", msg))]
+    InvalidConnection { msg: String },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Unsupported backend protocol: {}", protocol))]
+    UnsupportedBackendProtocol { protocol: String },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to regex, source: {}", source))]
+    BuildRegex {
+        backtrace: Backtrace,
+        source: regex::Error,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to list objects, source: {}", source))]
+    ListObjects {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: DataSourceError,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to parse the data, source: {}", source))]
+    ParseDataTypes {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: common_recordbatch::error::Error,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Not support SQL, error: {}", msg))]
     NotSupportSql { msg: String },
 
@@ -377,6 +440,22 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: common_query::error::Error,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display(
+        "File Schema mismatch, expected table schema: {} but found :{}",
+        table_schema,
+        file_schema
+    ))]
+    InvalidSchema {
+        table_schema: String,
+        file_schema: String,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to read parquet file, source: {}", source))]
+    ReadParquet {
+        source: parquet::errors::ParquetError,
+        backtrace: Backtrace,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Failed to write parquet file, source: {}", source))]
     WriteParquet {
         source: parquet::errors::ParquetError,
@@ -389,6 +468,19 @@ pub enum Error {
         backtrace: Backtrace,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to build parquet record batch stream, source: {}", source))]
+    BuildParquetRecordBatchStream {
+        backtrace: Backtrace,
+        source: parquet::errors::ParquetError,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to read object in path: {}, source: {}", path, source))]
+    ReadObject {
+        path: String,
+        backtrace: Backtrace,
+        source: object_store::Error,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Failed to write object into path: {}, source: {}", path, source))]
     WriteObject {
         path: String,
@@ -421,6 +513,24 @@ pub enum Error {
         #[snafu(backtrace)]
         source: common_procedure::error::Error,
     },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to close table engine, source: {}", source))]
+    CloseTableEngine {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: BoxedError,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to shutdown server, source: {}", source))]
+    ShutdownServer {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: servers::error::Error,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to shutdown instance, source: {}", source))]
+    ShutdownInstance {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: BoxedError,
+    },
 }
 
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
@@ -429,7 +539,12 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
     fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
         use Error::*;
         match self {
-            ExecuteSql { source } | DescribeStatement { source } => source.status_code(),
+            ExecuteSql { source }
+            | PlanStatement { source }
+            | ExecuteStatement { source }
+            | ExecuteLogicalPlan { source }
+            | DescribeStatement { source } => source.status_code(),
+
             DecodeLogicalPlan { source } => source.status_code(),
             NewCatalog { source } | RegisterSchema { source } => source.status_code(),
             FindTable { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
@@ -437,6 +552,7 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
                 source.status_code()
             }
             DropTable { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
+            FlushTable { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
 
             Insert { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
             Delete { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
@@ -456,6 +572,11 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             ColumnValuesNumberMismatch { .. }
             | ColumnTypeMismatch { .. }
             | InvalidSql { .. }
+            | InvalidUrl { .. }
+            | InvalidPath { .. }
+            | InvalidConnection { .. }
+            | UnsupportedBackendProtocol { .. }
+            | BuildRegex { .. }
             | NotSupportSql { .. }
             | KeyColumnNotFound { .. }
             | IllegalPrimaryKeysDef { .. }
@@ -469,7 +590,8 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             | DatabaseNotFound { .. }
             | MissingNodeId { .. }
             | MissingMetasrvOpts { .. }
-            | ColumnNoneDefaultValue { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
+            | ColumnNoneDefaultValue { .. }
+            | ParseUrl { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
 
             // TODO(yingwen): Further categorize http error.
             StartServer { .. }
@@ -481,13 +603,22 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             | RenameTable { .. }
             | Catalog { .. }
             | MissingRequiredField { .. }
-            | IncorrectInternalState { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
+            | BuildParquetRecordBatchStream { .. }
+            | InvalidSchema { .. }
+            | ParseDataTypes { .. }
+            | IncorrectInternalState { .. }
+            | ShutdownServer { .. }
+            | ShutdownInstance { .. }
+            | CloseTableEngine { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
 
             BuildBackend { .. }
             | InitBackend { .. }
+            | ReadParquet { .. }
             | WriteParquet { .. }
             | PollStream { .. }
-            | WriteObject { .. } => StatusCode::StorageUnavailable,
+            | ReadObject { .. }
+            | WriteObject { .. }
+            | ListObjects { .. } => StatusCode::StorageUnavailable,
             OpenLogStore { source } => source.status_code(),
             StartScriptManager { source } => source.status_code(),
             OpenStorageEngine { source } => source.status_code(),

src/datanode/src/heartbeat.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use api::v1::meta::{HeartbeatRequest, HeartbeatResponse, NodeStat, Peer};
-use catalog::{region_number, CatalogManagerRef};
+use catalog::{datanode_stat, CatalogManagerRef};
 use common_telemetry::{error, info, warn};
 use meta_client::client::{HeartbeatSender, MetaClient};
 use snafu::ResultExt;
@@ -106,11 +106,11 @@ impl HeartbeatTask {
         let mut tx = Self::create_streams(&meta_client, running.clone()).await?;
         common_runtime::spawn_bg(async move {
             while running.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
-                let region_num = match region_number(&catalog_manager_clone).await {
-                    Ok(region_num) => region_num as i64,
+                let (region_num, region_stats) = match datanode_stat(&catalog_manager_clone).await {
+                    Ok(datanode_stat) => (datanode_stat.0 as i64, datanode_stat.1),
                     Err(e) => {
-                        error!("failed to get region number, err: {e:?}");
-                        -1
+                        error!("failed to get region status, err: {e:?}");
+                        (-1, vec![])
                     }
                 };
 
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ impl HeartbeatTask {
                         region_num,
                         ..Default::default()
                     }),
+                    region_stats,
                     ..Default::default()
                 };
 
@@ -144,6 +145,18 @@ impl HeartbeatTask {
 
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    pub async fn close(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let running = self.running.clone();
+        if running
+            .compare_exchange(true, false, Ordering::AcqRel, Ordering::Acquire)
+            .is_err()
+        {
+            warn!("Call close heartbeat task multiple times");
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 /// Resolves hostname:port address for meta registration

src/datanode/src/instance.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use catalog::remote::MetaKvBackend;
 use catalog::{CatalogManager, CatalogManagerRef, RegisterTableRequest};
 use common_base::readable_size::ReadableSize;
 use common_catalog::consts::{DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, MIN_USER_TABLE_ID};
+use common_error::prelude::BoxedError;
 use common_grpc::channel_manager::{ChannelConfig, ChannelManager};
 use common_procedure::local::{LocalManager, ManagerConfig};
 use common_procedure::ProcedureManagerRef;
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ use crate::datanode::{
 };
 use crate::error::{
     self, CatalogSnafu, MetaClientInitSnafu, MissingMetasrvOptsSnafu, MissingNodeIdSnafu,
-    NewCatalogSnafu, OpenLogStoreSnafu, RecoverProcedureSnafu, Result,
+    NewCatalogSnafu, OpenLogStoreSnafu, RecoverProcedureSnafu, Result, ShutdownInstanceSnafu,
 };
 use crate::heartbeat::HeartbeatTask;
 use crate::script::ScriptExecutor;
@@ -77,9 +78,6 @@ pub type InstanceRef = Arc<Instance>;
 
 impl Instance {
     pub async fn new(opts: &DatanodeOptions) -> Result<Self> {
-        let object_store = new_object_store(&opts.storage).await?;
-        let logstore = Arc::new(create_log_store(&opts.wal).await?);
-
         let meta_client = match opts.mode {
             Mode::Standalone => None,
             Mode::Distributed => {
@@ -96,11 +94,22 @@ impl Instance {
 
         let compaction_scheduler = create_compaction_scheduler(opts);
 
+        Self::new_with(opts, meta_client, compaction_scheduler).await
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn new_with(
+        opts: &DatanodeOptions,
+        meta_client: Option<Arc<MetaClient>>,
+        compaction_scheduler: CompactionSchedulerRef<RaftEngineLogStore>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        let object_store = new_object_store(&opts.storage).await?;
+        let log_store = Arc::new(create_log_store(&opts.wal).await?);
+
         let table_engine = Arc::new(DefaultEngine::new(
             TableEngineConfig::default(),
             EngineImpl::new(
                 StorageEngineConfig::from(opts),
-                logstore.clone(),
+                log_store.clone(),
                 object_store.clone(),
                 compaction_scheduler,
             ),
@@ -108,7 +117,7 @@ impl Instance {
         ));
 
         // create remote catalog manager
-        let (catalog_manager, factory, table_id_provider) = match opts.mode {
+        let (catalog_manager, table_id_provider) = match opts.mode {
             Mode::Standalone => {
                 if opts.enable_memory_catalog {
                     let catalog = Arc::new(catalog::local::MemoryCatalogManager::default());
@@ -125,11 +134,8 @@ impl Instance {
                         .await
                         .expect("Failed to register numbers");
 
-                    let factory = QueryEngineFactory::new(catalog.clone());
-
                     (
                         catalog.clone() as CatalogManagerRef,
-                        factory,
                         Some(catalog as TableIdProviderRef),
                     )
                 } else {
@@ -138,11 +144,9 @@ impl Instance {
                             .await
                             .context(CatalogSnafu)?,
                     );
-                    let factory = QueryEngineFactory::new(catalog.clone());
 
                     (
                         catalog.clone() as CatalogManagerRef,
-                        factory,
                         Some(catalog as TableIdProviderRef),
                     )
                 }
@@ -156,11 +160,11 @@ impl Instance {
                         client: meta_client.as_ref().unwrap().clone(),
                     }),
                 ));
-                let factory = QueryEngineFactory::new(catalog.clone());
-                (catalog as CatalogManagerRef, factory, None)
+                (catalog as CatalogManagerRef, None)
             }
         };
 
+        let factory = QueryEngineFactory::new(catalog_manager.clone());
         let query_engine = factory.query_engine();
         let script_executor =
             ScriptExecutor::new(catalog_manager.clone(), query_engine.clone()).await?;
@@ -220,6 +224,22 @@ impl Instance {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    pub async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        if let Some(heartbeat_task) = &self.heartbeat_task {
+            heartbeat_task
+                .close()
+                .await
+                .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+                .context(ShutdownInstanceSnafu)?;
+        }
+
+        self.sql_handler
+            .close()
+            .await
+            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+            .context(ShutdownInstanceSnafu)
+    }
+
     pub fn sql_handler(&self) -> &SqlHandler {
         &self.sql_handler
     }
@@ -227,6 +247,10 @@ impl Instance {
     pub fn catalog_manager(&self) -> &CatalogManagerRef {
         &self.catalog_manager
     }
+
+    pub fn query_engine(&self) -> QueryEngineRef {
+        self.query_engine.clone()
+    }
 }
 
 fn create_compaction_scheduler<S: LogStore>(opts: &DatanodeOptions) -> CompactionSchedulerRef<S> {
@@ -436,7 +460,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_procedure_manager(
     );
 
     let object_store = new_object_store(&procedure_config.store).await?;
-    let manager_config = ManagerConfig { object_store };
+    let manager_config = ManagerConfig {
+        object_store,
+        max_retry_times: procedure_config.max_retry_times,
+        retry_delay: procedure_config.retry_delay,
+    };
 
     Ok(Some(Arc::new(LocalManager::new(manager_config))))
 }

src/datanode/src/instance/grpc.rs

@@ -18,15 +18,19 @@ use api::v1::query_request::Query;
 use api::v1::{CreateDatabaseExpr, DdlRequest, InsertRequest};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use common_query::Output;
-use query::parser::QueryLanguageParser;
+use query::parser::{PromQuery, QueryLanguageParser, QueryStatement};
 use query::plan::LogicalPlan;
 use servers::query_handler::grpc::GrpcQueryHandler;
 use session::context::QueryContextRef;
 use snafu::prelude::*;
+use sql::statements::statement::Statement;
 use substrait::{DFLogicalSubstraitConvertor, SubstraitPlan};
 use table::requests::CreateDatabaseRequest;
 
-use crate::error::{self, DecodeLogicalPlanSnafu, ExecuteSqlSnafu, Result};
+use crate::error::{
+    self, DecodeLogicalPlanSnafu, ExecuteLogicalPlanSnafu, ExecuteSqlSnafu, PlanStatementSnafu,
+    Result,
+};
 use crate::instance::Instance;
 
 impl Instance {
@@ -51,17 +55,42 @@ impl Instance {
         self.query_engine
             .execute(&LogicalPlan::DfPlan(logical_plan))
             .await
-            .context(ExecuteSqlSnafu)
+            .context(ExecuteLogicalPlanSnafu)
     }
 
     async fn handle_query(&self, query: Query, ctx: QueryContextRef) -> Result<Output> {
-        Ok(match query {
+        match query {
             Query::Sql(sql) => {
                 let stmt = QueryLanguageParser::parse_sql(&sql).context(ExecuteSqlSnafu)?;
-                self.execute_stmt(stmt, ctx).await?
+                match stmt {
+                    // TODO(LFC): Remove SQL execution branch here.
+                    // Keep this because substrait can't handle much of SQLs now.
+                    QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Query(_)) => {
+                        let plan = self
+                            .query_engine
+                            .planner()
+                            .plan(stmt, ctx)
+                            .await
+                            .context(PlanStatementSnafu)?;
+                        self.query_engine
+                            .execute(&plan)
+                            .await
+                            .context(ExecuteLogicalPlanSnafu)
+                    }
+                    _ => self.execute_stmt(stmt, ctx).await,
+                }
             }
-            Query::LogicalPlan(plan) => self.execute_logical(plan).await?,
-        })
+            Query::LogicalPlan(plan) => self.execute_logical(plan).await,
+            Query::PromRangeQuery(promql) => {
+                let prom_query = PromQuery {
+                    query: promql.query,
+                    start: promql.start,
+                    end: promql.end,
+                    step: promql.step,
+                };
+                self.execute_promql(&prom_query, ctx).await
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     pub async fn handle_insert(
@@ -98,6 +127,7 @@ impl Instance {
             DdlExpr::Alter(expr) => self.handle_alter(expr).await,
             DdlExpr::CreateDatabase(expr) => self.handle_create_database(expr, query_ctx).await,
             DdlExpr::DropTable(expr) => self.handle_drop_table(expr).await,
+            DdlExpr::FlushTable(expr) => self.handle_flush_table(expr).await,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -131,11 +161,23 @@ mod test {
     };
     use common_recordbatch::RecordBatches;
     use datatypes::prelude::*;
+    use query::parser::QueryLanguageParser;
     use session::context::QueryContext;
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::tests::test_util::{self, MockInstance};
 
+    async fn exec_selection(instance: &Instance, sql: &str) -> Output {
+        let stmt = QueryLanguageParser::parse_sql(sql).unwrap();
+        let engine = instance.query_engine();
+        let plan = engine
+            .planner()
+            .plan(stmt, QueryContext::arc())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        engine.execute(&plan).await.unwrap()
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
     async fn test_handle_ddl() {
         let instance = MockInstance::new("test_handle_ddl").await;
@@ -198,22 +240,17 @@ mod test {
         let output = instance.do_query(query, QueryContext::arc()).await.unwrap();
         assert!(matches!(output, Output::AffectedRows(0)));
 
+        let stmt = QueryLanguageParser::parse_sql(
+            "INSERT INTO my_database.my_table (a, b, ts) VALUES ('s', 1, 1672384140000)",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         let output = instance
-            .execute_sql(
-                "INSERT INTO my_database.my_table (a, b, ts) VALUES ('s', 1, 1672384140000)",
-                QueryContext::arc(),
-            )
+            .execute_stmt(stmt, QueryContext::arc())
             .await
             .unwrap();
         assert!(matches!(output, Output::AffectedRows(1)));
 
-        let output = instance
-            .execute_sql(
-                "SELECT ts, a, b FROM my_database.my_table",
-                QueryContext::arc(),
-            )
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
+        let output = exec_selection(instance, "SELECT ts, a, b FROM my_database.my_table").await;
         let Output::Stream(stream) = output else { unreachable!() };
         let recordbatches = RecordBatches::try_collect(stream).await.unwrap();
         let expected = "\
@@ -279,10 +316,7 @@ mod test {
         let output = instance.do_query(query, QueryContext::arc()).await.unwrap();
         assert!(matches!(output, Output::AffectedRows(3)));
 
-        let output = instance
-            .execute_sql("SELECT ts, host, cpu FROM demo", QueryContext::arc())
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
+        let output = exec_selection(instance, "SELECT ts, host, cpu FROM demo").await;
         let Output::Stream(stream) = output else { unreachable!() };
         let recordbatches = RecordBatches::try_collect(stream).await.unwrap();
         let expected = "\

src/datanode/src/instance/sql.rs

@@ -17,25 +17,26 @@ use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use common_error::prelude::BoxedError;
 use common_query::Output;
-use common_recordbatch::RecordBatches;
 use common_telemetry::logging::info;
 use common_telemetry::timer;
-use datatypes::schema::Schema;
 use futures::StreamExt;
+use query::error::QueryExecutionSnafu;
 use query::parser::{PromQuery, QueryLanguageParser, QueryStatement};
+use query::query_engine::StatementHandler;
 use servers::error as server_error;
-use servers::promql::PromqlHandler;
-use servers::query_handler::sql::SqlQueryHandler;
+use servers::prom::PromHandler;
 use session::context::{QueryContext, QueryContextRef};
 use snafu::prelude::*;
 use sql::ast::ObjectName;
-use sql::statements::copy::CopyTable;
+use sql::statements::copy::{CopyTable, CopyTableArgument};
 use sql::statements::statement::Statement;
-use sql::statements::tql::Tql;
 use table::engine::TableReference;
-use table::requests::{CopyTableRequest, CreateDatabaseRequest, DropTableRequest};
+use table::requests::{CopyDirection, CopyTableRequest, CreateDatabaseRequest, DropTableRequest};
 
-use crate::error::{self, BumpTableIdSnafu, ExecuteSqlSnafu, Result, TableIdProviderNotFoundSnafu};
+use crate::error::{
+    self, BumpTableIdSnafu, ExecuteSqlSnafu, ExecuteStatementSnafu, PlanStatementSnafu, Result,
+    TableIdProviderNotFoundSnafu,
+};
 use crate::instance::Instance;
 use crate::metric;
 use crate::sql::insert::InsertRequests;
@@ -48,18 +49,6 @@ impl Instance {
         query_ctx: QueryContextRef,
     ) -> Result<Output> {
         match stmt {
-            QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Query(_)) | QueryStatement::Promql(_) => {
-                let logical_plan = self
-                    .query_engine
-                    .statement_to_plan(stmt, query_ctx)
-                    .await
-                    .context(ExecuteSqlSnafu)?;
-
-                self.query_engine
-                    .execute(&logical_plan)
-                    .await
-                    .context(ExecuteSqlSnafu)
-            }
             QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Insert(insert)) => {
                 let requests = self
                     .sql_handler
@@ -161,11 +150,6 @@ impl Instance {
                     .execute(SqlRequest::ShowTables(show_tables), query_ctx)
                     .await
             }
-            QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Explain(explain)) => {
-                self.sql_handler
-                    .execute(SqlRequest::Explain(Box::new(explain)), query_ctx)
-                    .await
-            }
             QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::DescribeTable(describe_table)) => {
                 self.sql_handler
                     .execute(SqlRequest::DescribeTable(describe_table), query_ctx)
@@ -174,79 +158,78 @@ impl Instance {
             QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::ShowCreateTable(_show_create_table)) => {
                 unimplemented!("SHOW CREATE TABLE is unimplemented yet");
             }
-            QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Use(ref schema)) => {
-                let catalog = &query_ctx.current_catalog();
-                ensure!(
-                    self.is_valid_schema(catalog, schema)?,
-                    error::DatabaseNotFoundSnafu { catalog, schema }
-                );
-
-                query_ctx.set_current_schema(schema);
-
-                Ok(Output::RecordBatches(RecordBatches::empty()))
-            }
-            QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Copy(copy_table)) => match copy_table {
-                CopyTable::To(copy_table) => {
-                    let (catalog_name, schema_name, table_name) =
-                        table_idents_to_full_name(copy_table.table_name(), query_ctx.clone())?;
-                    let file_name = copy_table.file_name().to_string();
-
-                    let req = CopyTableRequest {
-                        catalog_name,
-                        schema_name,
-                        table_name,
-                        file_name,
-                    };
-
-                    self.sql_handler
-                        .execute(SqlRequest::CopyTable(req), query_ctx)
-                        .await
-                }
-                CopyTable::From(_) => todo!(),
-            },
-            QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Tql(tql)) => self.execute_tql(tql, query_ctx).await,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) async fn execute_tql(&self, tql: Tql, query_ctx: QueryContextRef) -> Result<Output> {
-        match tql {
-            Tql::Eval(eval) => {
-                let promql = PromQuery {
-                    start: eval.start,
-                    end: eval.end,
-                    step: eval.step,
-                    query: eval.query,
+            QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Copy(copy_table)) => {
+                let req = match copy_table {
+                    CopyTable::To(copy_table) => {
+                        let CopyTableArgument {
+                            location,
+                            connection,
+                            pattern,
+                            table_name,
+                            ..
+                        } = copy_table;
+                        let (catalog_name, schema_name, table_name) =
+                            table_idents_to_full_name(&table_name, query_ctx.clone())?;
+                        CopyTableRequest {
+                            catalog_name,
+                            schema_name,
+                            table_name,
+                            location,
+                            connection,
+                            pattern,
+                            direction: CopyDirection::Export,
+                        }
+                    }
+                    CopyTable::From(copy_table) => {
+                        let CopyTableArgument {
+                            location,
+                            connection,
+                            pattern,
+                            table_name,
+                            ..
+                        } = copy_table;
+                        let (catalog_name, schema_name, table_name) =
+                            table_idents_to_full_name(&table_name, query_ctx.clone())?;
+                        CopyTableRequest {
+                            catalog_name,
+                            schema_name,
+                            table_name,
+                            location,
+                            connection,
+                            pattern,
+                            direction: CopyDirection::Import,
+                        }
+                    }
                 };
-                let stmt = QueryLanguageParser::parse_promql(&promql).context(ExecuteSqlSnafu)?;
-                let logical_plan = self
-                    .query_engine
-                    .statement_to_plan(stmt, query_ctx)
-                    .await
-                    .context(ExecuteSqlSnafu)?;
 
-                self.query_engine
-                    .execute(&logical_plan)
+                self.sql_handler
+                    .execute(SqlRequest::CopyTable(req), query_ctx)
                     .await
-                    .context(ExecuteSqlSnafu)
-            }
-            Tql::Explain(_explain) => {
-                todo!("waiting for promql-parser ast adding a explain node")
             }
+            QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Query(_))
+            | QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Explain(_))
+            | QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Use(_))
+            | QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Tql(_))
+            | QueryStatement::Promql(_) => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 
-    pub async fn execute_sql(&self, sql: &str, query_ctx: QueryContextRef) -> Result<Output> {
-        let stmt = QueryLanguageParser::parse_sql(sql).context(ExecuteSqlSnafu)?;
-        self.execute_stmt(stmt, query_ctx).await
-    }
-
     pub async fn execute_promql(
         &self,
         promql: &PromQuery,
         query_ctx: QueryContextRef,
     ) -> Result<Output> {
+        let _timer = timer!(metric::METRIC_HANDLE_PROMQL_ELAPSED);
+
         let stmt = QueryLanguageParser::parse_promql(promql).context(ExecuteSqlSnafu)?;
-        self.execute_stmt(stmt, query_ctx).await
+
+        let engine = self.query_engine();
+        let plan = engine
+            .planner()
+            .plan(stmt, query_ctx)
+            .await
+            .context(PlanStatementSnafu)?;
+        engine.execute(&plan).await.context(ExecuteStatementSnafu)
     }
 
     // TODO(ruihang): merge this and `execute_promql` after #951 landed
@@ -275,7 +258,14 @@ impl Instance {
                 eval_stmt.lookback_delta = lookback
             }
         }
-        self.execute_stmt(stmt, query_ctx).await
+
+        let engine = self.query_engine();
+        let plan = engine
+            .planner()
+            .plan(stmt, query_ctx)
+            .await
+            .context(PlanStatementSnafu)?;
+        engine.execute(&plan).await.context(ExecuteStatementSnafu)
     }
 }
 
@@ -311,62 +301,21 @@ pub fn table_idents_to_full_name(
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
-impl SqlQueryHandler for Instance {
-    type Error = error::Error;
-
-    async fn do_query(&self, query: &str, query_ctx: QueryContextRef) -> Vec<Result<Output>> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metric::METRIC_HANDLE_SQL_ELAPSED);
-        // we assume sql string has only 1 statement in datanode
-        let result = self.execute_sql(query, query_ctx).await;
-        vec![result]
-    }
-
-    async fn do_promql_query(
+impl StatementHandler for Instance {
+    async fn handle_statement(
         &self,
-        query: &PromQuery,
+        stmt: QueryStatement,
         query_ctx: QueryContextRef,
-    ) -> Vec<Result<Output>> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metric::METRIC_HANDLE_PROMQL_ELAPSED);
-        let result = self.execute_promql(query, query_ctx).await;
-        vec![result]
-    }
-
-    async fn do_statement_query(
-        &self,
-        stmt: Statement,
-        query_ctx: QueryContextRef,
-    ) -> Result<Output> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metric::METRIC_HANDLE_SQL_ELAPSED);
-        self.execute_stmt(QueryStatement::Sql(stmt), query_ctx)
+    ) -> query::error::Result<Output> {
+        self.execute_stmt(stmt, query_ctx)
             .await
-    }
-
-    async fn do_describe(
-        &self,
-        stmt: Statement,
-        query_ctx: QueryContextRef,
-    ) -> Result<Option<Schema>> {
-        if let Statement::Query(_) = stmt {
-            self.query_engine
-                .describe(QueryStatement::Sql(stmt), query_ctx)
-                .await
-                .map(Some)
-                .context(error::DescribeStatementSnafu)
-        } else {
-            Ok(None)
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn is_valid_schema(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.catalog_manager
-            .schema(catalog, schema)
-            .map(|s| s.is_some())
-            .context(error::CatalogSnafu)
+            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+            .context(QueryExecutionSnafu)
     }
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
-impl PromqlHandler for Instance {
+impl PromHandler for Instance {
     async fn do_query(&self, query: &PromQuery) -> server_error::Result<Output> {
         let _timer = timer!(metric::METRIC_HANDLE_PROMQL_ELAPSED);
 

src/datanode/src/lib.rs

@@ -13,12 +13,13 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #![feature(assert_matches)]
+#![feature(trait_upcasting)]
 
 pub mod datanode;
 pub mod error;
 mod heartbeat;
 pub mod instance;
-mod metric;
+pub mod metric;
 mod mock;
 mod script;
 pub mod server;

src/datanode/src/mock.rs

@@ -12,32 +12,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use catalog::remote::MetaKvBackend;
-use catalog::CatalogManagerRef;
-use common_catalog::consts::MIN_USER_TABLE_ID;
 use meta_client::client::{MetaClient, MetaClientBuilder};
 use meta_srv::mocks::MockInfo;
-use mito::config::EngineConfig as TableEngineConfig;
-use query::QueryEngineFactory;
-use servers::Mode;
-use snafu::ResultExt;
 use storage::compaction::noop::NoopCompactionScheduler;
-use storage::config::EngineConfig as StorageEngineConfig;
-use storage::EngineImpl;
-use table::metadata::TableId;
-use table::table::TableIdProvider;
 
 use crate::datanode::DatanodeOptions;
-use crate::error::{CatalogSnafu, RecoverProcedureSnafu, Result};
-use crate::heartbeat::HeartbeatTask;
-use crate::instance::{
-    create_log_store, create_procedure_manager, new_object_store, DefaultEngine, Instance,
-};
-use crate::script::ScriptExecutor;
-use crate::sql::SqlHandler;
+use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::instance::Instance;
 
 impl Instance {
     pub async fn with_mock_meta_client(opts: &DatanodeOptions) -> Result<Self> {
@@ -46,98 +29,9 @@ impl Instance {
     }
 
     pub async fn with_mock_meta_server(opts: &DatanodeOptions, meta_srv: MockInfo) -> Result<Self> {
-        let object_store = new_object_store(&opts.storage).await?;
-        let logstore = Arc::new(create_log_store(&opts.wal).await?);
         let meta_client = Arc::new(mock_meta_client(meta_srv, opts.node_id.unwrap_or(42)).await);
         let compaction_scheduler = Arc::new(NoopCompactionScheduler::default());
-        let table_engine = Arc::new(DefaultEngine::new(
-            TableEngineConfig::default(),
-            EngineImpl::new(
-                StorageEngineConfig::default(),
-                logstore.clone(),
-                object_store.clone(),
-                compaction_scheduler,
-            ),
-            object_store,
-        ));
-
-        // By default, catalog manager and factory are created in standalone mode
-        let (catalog_manager, factory, heartbeat_task) = match opts.mode {
-            Mode::Standalone => {
-                let catalog = Arc::new(
-                    catalog::local::LocalCatalogManager::try_new(table_engine.clone())
-                        .await
-                        .context(CatalogSnafu)?,
-                );
-                let factory = QueryEngineFactory::new(catalog.clone());
-                (catalog as CatalogManagerRef, factory, None)
-            }
-            Mode::Distributed => {
-                let catalog = Arc::new(catalog::remote::RemoteCatalogManager::new(
-                    table_engine.clone(),
-                    opts.node_id.unwrap_or(42),
-                    Arc::new(MetaKvBackend {
-                        client: meta_client.clone(),
-                    }),
-                ));
-                let factory = QueryEngineFactory::new(catalog.clone());
-                let heartbeat_task = HeartbeatTask::new(
-                    opts.node_id.unwrap_or(42),
-                    opts.rpc_addr.clone(),
-                    None,
-                    meta_client.clone(),
-                    catalog.clone(),
-                );
-                (catalog as CatalogManagerRef, factory, Some(heartbeat_task))
-            }
-        };
-        let query_engine = factory.query_engine();
-        let script_executor =
-            ScriptExecutor::new(catalog_manager.clone(), query_engine.clone()).await?;
-
-        let procedure_manager = create_procedure_manager(&opts.procedure).await?;
-        if let Some(procedure_manager) = &procedure_manager {
-            table_engine.register_procedure_loaders(&**procedure_manager);
-            // Recover procedures.
-            procedure_manager
-                .recover()
-                .await
-                .context(RecoverProcedureSnafu)?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(Self {
-            query_engine: query_engine.clone(),
-            sql_handler: SqlHandler::new(
-                table_engine.clone(),
-                catalog_manager.clone(),
-                query_engine.clone(),
-                table_engine,
-                procedure_manager,
-            ),
-            catalog_manager,
-            script_executor,
-            table_id_provider: Some(Arc::new(LocalTableIdProvider::default())),
-            heartbeat_task,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-struct LocalTableIdProvider {
-    inner: Arc<AtomicU32>,
-}
-
-impl Default for LocalTableIdProvider {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            inner: Arc::new(AtomicU32::new(MIN_USER_TABLE_ID)),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl TableIdProvider for LocalTableIdProvider {
-    async fn next_table_id(&self) -> table::Result<TableId> {
-        Ok(self.inner.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed))
+        Instance::new_with(opts, Some(meta_client), compaction_scheduler).await
     }
 }
 

src/datanode/src/server.rs

@@ -17,20 +17,15 @@ use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use common_runtime::Builder as RuntimeBuilder;
-use common_telemetry::tracing::log::info;
-use servers::error::Error::InternalIo;
 use servers::grpc::GrpcServer;
-use servers::mysql::server::{MysqlServer, MysqlSpawnConfig, MysqlSpawnRef};
 use servers::query_handler::grpc::ServerGrpcQueryHandlerAdaptor;
-use servers::query_handler::sql::ServerSqlQueryHandlerAdaptor;
 use servers::server::Server;
-use servers::tls::TlsOption;
-use servers::Mode;
 use snafu::ResultExt;
 
 use crate::datanode::DatanodeOptions;
-use crate::error::Error::StartServer;
-use crate::error::{ParseAddrSnafu, Result, RuntimeResourceSnafu, StartServerSnafu};
+use crate::error::{
+    ParseAddrSnafu, Result, RuntimeResourceSnafu, ShutdownServerSnafu, StartServerSnafu,
+};
 use crate::instance::InstanceRef;
 
 pub mod grpc;
@@ -38,7 +33,6 @@ pub mod grpc;
 /// All rpc services.
 pub struct Services {
     grpc_server: GrpcServer,
-    mysql_server: Option<Box<dyn Server>>,
 }
 
 impl Services {
@@ -51,48 +45,12 @@ impl Services {
                 .context(RuntimeResourceSnafu)?,
         );
 
-        let mysql_server = match opts.mode {
-            Mode::Standalone => {
-                info!("Disable MySQL server on datanode when running in standalone mode");
-                None
-            }
-            Mode::Distributed => {
-                let mysql_io_runtime = Arc::new(
-                    RuntimeBuilder::default()
-                        .worker_threads(opts.mysql_runtime_size)
-                        .thread_name("mysql-io-handlers")
-                        .build()
-                        .context(RuntimeResourceSnafu)?,
-                );
-                let tls = TlsOption::default();
-                // default tls config returns None
-                // but try to think a better way to do this
-                Some(MysqlServer::create_server(
-                    mysql_io_runtime,
-                    Arc::new(MysqlSpawnRef::new(
-                        ServerSqlQueryHandlerAdaptor::arc(instance.clone()),
-                        None,
-                    )),
-                    Arc::new(MysqlSpawnConfig::new(
-                        tls.should_force_tls(),
-                        tls.setup()
-                            .map_err(|e| StartServer {
-                                source: InternalIo { source: e },
-                            })?
-                            .map(Arc::new),
-                        false,
-                    )),
-                ))
-            }
-        };
-
         Ok(Self {
             grpc_server: GrpcServer::new(
                 ServerGrpcQueryHandlerAdaptor::arc(instance),
                 None,
                 grpc_runtime,
             ),
-            mysql_server,
         })
     }
 
@@ -100,19 +58,17 @@ impl Services {
         let grpc_addr: SocketAddr = opts.rpc_addr.parse().context(ParseAddrSnafu {
             addr: &opts.rpc_addr,
         })?;
-
-        let mut res = vec![self.grpc_server.start(grpc_addr)];
-        if let Some(mysql_server) = &self.mysql_server {
-            let mysql_addr = &opts.mysql_addr;
-            let mysql_addr: SocketAddr = mysql_addr
-                .parse()
-                .context(ParseAddrSnafu { addr: mysql_addr })?;
-            res.push(mysql_server.start(mysql_addr));
-        };
-
-        futures::future::try_join_all(res)
+        self.grpc_server
+            .start(grpc_addr)
             .await
             .context(StartServerSnafu)?;
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    pub async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.grpc_server
+            .shutdown()
+            .await
+            .context(ShutdownServerSnafu)
+    }
 }

src/datanode/src/server/grpc.rs

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use api::v1::{AlterExpr, CreateTableExpr, DropTableExpr};
+use api::v1::{AlterExpr, CreateTableExpr, DropTableExpr, FlushTableExpr};
 use common_grpc_expr::{alter_expr_to_request, create_expr_to_request};
 use common_query::Output;
 use common_telemetry::info;
 use session::context::QueryContext;
 use snafu::prelude::*;
-use table::requests::DropTableRequest;
+use table::requests::{DropTableRequest, FlushTableRequest};
 
 use crate::error::{
     AlterExprToRequestSnafu, BumpTableIdSnafu, CreateExprToRequestSnafu,
@@ -82,6 +82,25 @@ impl Instance {
             .execute(SqlRequest::DropTable(req), QueryContext::arc())
             .await
     }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn handle_flush_table(&self, expr: FlushTableExpr) -> Result<Output> {
+        let table_name = if expr.table_name.trim().is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(expr.table_name)
+        };
+
+        let req = FlushTableRequest {
+            catalog_name: expr.catalog_name,
+            schema_name: expr.schema_name,
+            table_name,
+            region_number: expr.region_id,
+            wait: None,
+        };
+        self.sql_handler()
+            .execute(SqlRequest::FlushTable(req), QueryContext::arc())
+            .await
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -136,7 +155,6 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-
     fn test_create_column_schema() {
         let column_def = ColumnDef {
             name: "a".to_string(),

src/datanode/src/sql.rs

@@ -13,29 +13,33 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use catalog::CatalogManagerRef;
+use common_error::prelude::BoxedError;
 use common_procedure::ProcedureManagerRef;
 use common_query::Output;
 use common_telemetry::error;
 use query::query_engine::QueryEngineRef;
-use query::sql::{describe_table, explain, show_databases, show_tables};
+use query::sql::{describe_table, show_databases, show_tables};
 use session::context::QueryContextRef;
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
 use sql::statements::delete::Delete;
 use sql::statements::describe::DescribeTable;
-use sql::statements::explain::Explain;
 use sql::statements::show::{ShowDatabases, ShowTables};
 use table::engine::{EngineContext, TableEngineProcedureRef, TableEngineRef, TableReference};
 use table::requests::*;
 use table::TableRef;
 
-use crate::error::{self, ExecuteSqlSnafu, GetTableSnafu, Result, TableNotFoundSnafu};
+use crate::error::{
+    self, CloseTableEngineSnafu, ExecuteSqlSnafu, GetTableSnafu, Result, TableNotFoundSnafu,
+};
 use crate::instance::sql::table_idents_to_full_name;
 
 mod alter;
-mod copy_table;
+mod copy_table_from;
+mod copy_table_to;
 mod create;
 mod delete;
 mod drop_table;
+mod flush_table;
 pub(crate) mod insert;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -45,10 +49,10 @@ pub enum SqlRequest {
     CreateDatabase(CreateDatabaseRequest),
     Alter(AlterTableRequest),
     DropTable(DropTableRequest),
+    FlushTable(FlushTableRequest),
     ShowDatabases(ShowDatabases),
     ShowTables(ShowTables),
     DescribeTable(DescribeTable),
-    Explain(Box<Explain>),
     Delete(Delete),
     CopyTable(CopyTableRequest),
 }
@@ -91,7 +95,10 @@ impl SqlHandler {
             SqlRequest::Alter(req) => self.alter(req).await,
             SqlRequest::DropTable(req) => self.drop_table(req).await,
             SqlRequest::Delete(req) => self.delete(query_ctx.clone(), req).await,
-            SqlRequest::CopyTable(req) => self.copy_table(req).await,
+            SqlRequest::CopyTable(req) => match req.direction {
+                CopyDirection::Export => self.copy_table_to(req).await,
+                CopyDirection::Import => self.copy_table_from(req).await,
+            },
             SqlRequest::ShowDatabases(req) => {
                 show_databases(req, self.catalog_manager.clone()).context(ExecuteSqlSnafu)
             }
@@ -112,9 +119,7 @@ impl SqlHandler {
                     })?;
                 describe_table(table).context(ExecuteSqlSnafu)
             }
-            SqlRequest::Explain(req) => explain(req, self.query_engine.clone(), query_ctx.clone())
-                .await
-                .context(ExecuteSqlSnafu),
+            SqlRequest::FlushTable(req) => self.flush_table(req).await,
         };
         if let Err(e) = &result {
             error!(e; "{query_ctx}");
@@ -136,6 +141,14 @@ impl SqlHandler {
     pub fn table_engine(&self) -> TableEngineRef {
         self.table_engine.clone()
     }
+
+    pub async fn close(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.table_engine
+            .close()
+            .await
+            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+            .context(CloseTableEngineSnafu)
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -147,6 +160,7 @@ mod tests {
     use common_catalog::consts::{DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME};
     use common_query::logical_plan::Expr;
     use common_query::physical_plan::PhysicalPlanRef;
+    use common_test_util::temp_dir::create_temp_dir;
     use common_time::timestamp::Timestamp;
     use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
     use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, SchemaBuilder, SchemaRef};
@@ -167,7 +181,6 @@ mod tests {
     use table::error::Result as TableResult;
     use table::metadata::TableInfoRef;
     use table::Table;
-    use tempdir::TempDir;
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::error::Error;
@@ -218,7 +231,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_statement_to_request() {
-        let dir = TempDir::new("setup_test_engine_and_table").unwrap();
+        let dir = create_temp_dir("setup_test_engine_and_table");
         let store_dir = dir.path().to_string_lossy();
         let accessor = Builder::default().root(&store_dir).build().unwrap();
         let object_store = ObjectStore::new(accessor).finish();

src/datanode/src/sql/copy_table_from.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use async_compat::CompatExt;
+use common_datasource::lister::{Lister, Source};
+use common_datasource::object_store::{build_backend, parse_url};
+use common_datasource::util::find_dir_and_filename;
+use common_query::Output;
+use common_recordbatch::error::DataTypesSnafu;
+use datafusion::parquet::arrow::ParquetRecordBatchStreamBuilder;
+use datatypes::arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch;
+use datatypes::vectors::{Helper, VectorRef};
+use futures_util::TryStreamExt;
+use regex::Regex;
+use snafu::{ensure, ResultExt};
+use table::engine::TableReference;
+use table::requests::{CopyTableRequest, InsertRequest};
+use tokio::io::BufReader;
+
+use crate::error::{self, Result};
+use crate::sql::SqlHandler;
+
+impl SqlHandler {
+    pub(crate) async fn copy_table_from(&self, req: CopyTableRequest) -> Result<Output> {
+        let table_ref = TableReference {
+            catalog: &req.catalog_name,
+            schema: &req.schema_name,
+            table: &req.table_name,
+        };
+        let table = self.get_table(&table_ref)?;
+
+        let (_schema, _host, path) = parse_url(&req.location).context(error::ParseUrlSnafu)?;
+
+        let object_store =
+            build_backend(&req.location, req.connection).context(error::BuildBackendSnafu)?;
+
+        let (dir, filename) = find_dir_and_filename(&path);
+
+        let regex = req
+            .pattern
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|x| Regex::new(x))
+            .transpose()
+            .context(error::BuildRegexSnafu)?;
+
+        let source = if let Some(filename) = filename {
+            Source::Filename(filename)
+        } else {
+            Source::Dir
+        };
+
+        let lister = Lister::new(object_store, source, dir, regex);
+
+        let objects = lister.list().await.context(error::ListObjectsSnafu)?;
+
+        let mut buf: Vec<RecordBatch> = Vec::new();
+
+        for obj in objects.iter() {
+            let reader = obj.reader().await.context(error::ReadObjectSnafu {
+                path: &obj.path().to_string(),
+            })?;
+
+            let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader.compat());
+
+            let builder = ParquetRecordBatchStreamBuilder::new(buf_reader)
+                .await
+                .context(error::ReadParquetSnafu)?;
+
+            ensure!(
+                builder.schema() == table.schema().arrow_schema(),
+                error::InvalidSchemaSnafu {
+                    table_schema: table.schema().arrow_schema().to_string(),
+                    file_schema: (*(builder.schema())).to_string()
+                }
+            );
+
+            let stream = builder
+                .build()
+                .context(error::BuildParquetRecordBatchStreamSnafu)?;
+
+            let chunk = stream
+                .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                .await
+                .context(error::ReadParquetSnafu)?;
+
+            buf.extend(chunk.into_iter());
+        }
+
+        let fields = table
+            .schema()
+            .arrow_schema()
+            .fields()
+            .iter()
+            .map(|f| f.name().to_string())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        // Vec<Columns>
+        let column_chunks = buf
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|c| Helper::try_into_vectors(c.columns()).context(DataTypesSnafu))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        let mut futs = Vec::with_capacity(column_chunks.len());
+
+        for column_chunk in column_chunks.into_iter() {
+            let column_chunk = column_chunk.context(error::ParseDataTypesSnafu)?;
+            let columns_values = fields
+                .iter()
+                .cloned()
+                .zip(column_chunk.into_iter())
+                .collect::<HashMap<String, VectorRef>>();
+
+            futs.push(table.insert(InsertRequest {
+                catalog_name: req.catalog_name.to_string(),
+                schema_name: req.schema_name.to_string(),
+                table_name: req.table_name.to_string(),
+                columns_values,
+                //TODO: support multi-regions
+                region_number: 0,
+            }))
+        }
+
+        let result = futures::future::try_join_all(futs)
+            .await
+            .context(error::InsertSnafu {
+                table_name: req.table_name.to_string(),
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(Output::AffectedRows(result.iter().sum()))
+    }
+}

src/datanode/src/sql/copy_table_to.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 use std::pin::Pin;
 
+use common_datasource;
+use common_datasource::object_store::{build_backend, parse_url};
 use common_query::physical_plan::SessionContext;
 use common_query::Output;
 use common_recordbatch::adapter::DfRecordBatchStreamAdapter;
@@ -22,8 +24,7 @@ use datafusion::parquet::basic::{Compression, Encoding};
 use datafusion::parquet::file::properties::WriterProperties;
 use datafusion::physical_plan::RecordBatchStream;
 use futures::TryStreamExt;
-use object_store::services::Fs as Builder;
-use object_store::{ObjectStore, ObjectStoreBuilder};
+use object_store::ObjectStore;
 use snafu::ResultExt;
 use table::engine::TableReference;
 use table::requests::CopyTableRequest;
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ use crate::error::{self, Result};
 use crate::sql::SqlHandler;
 
 impl SqlHandler {
-    pub(crate) async fn copy_table(&self, req: CopyTableRequest) -> Result<Output> {
+    pub(crate) async fn copy_table_to(&self, req: CopyTableRequest) -> Result<Output> {
         let table_ref = TableReference {
             catalog: &req.catalog_name,
             schema: &req.schema_name,
@@ -52,13 +53,11 @@ impl SqlHandler {
             .context(error::TableScanExecSnafu)?;
         let stream = Box::pin(DfRecordBatchStreamAdapter::new(stream));
 
-        let accessor = Builder::default()
-            .root("/")
-            .build()
-            .context(error::BuildBackendSnafu)?;
-        let object_store = ObjectStore::new(accessor).finish();
+        let (_schema, _host, path) = parse_url(&req.location).context(error::ParseUrlSnafu)?;
+        let object_store =
+            build_backend(&req.location, req.connection).context(error::BuildBackendSnafu)?;
 
-        let mut parquet_writer = ParquetWriter::new(req.file_name, stream, object_store);
+        let mut parquet_writer = ParquetWriter::new(path.to_string(), stream, object_store);
         // TODO(jiachun):
         // For now, COPY is implemented synchronously.
         // When copying large table, it will be blocked for a long time.

src/datanode/src/sql/flush_table.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use common_query::Output;
+use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
+use table::engine::TableReference;
+use table::requests::FlushTableRequest;
+
+use crate::error::{self, CatalogSnafu, DatabaseNotFoundSnafu, Result};
+use crate::sql::SqlHandler;
+
+impl SqlHandler {
+    pub(crate) async fn flush_table(&self, req: FlushTableRequest) -> Result<Output> {
+        if let Some(table) = &req.table_name {
+            self.flush_table_inner(
+                &req.catalog_name,
+                &req.schema_name,
+                table,
+                req.region_number,
+                req.wait,
+            )
+            .await?;
+        } else {
+            let schema = self
+                .catalog_manager
+                .schema(&req.catalog_name, &req.schema_name)
+                .context(CatalogSnafu)?
+                .context(DatabaseNotFoundSnafu {
+                    catalog: &req.catalog_name,
+                    schema: &req.schema_name,
+                })?;
+
+            let all_table_names = schema.table_names().context(CatalogSnafu)?;
+            futures::future::join_all(all_table_names.iter().map(|table| {
+                self.flush_table_inner(
+                    &req.catalog_name,
+                    &req.schema_name,
+                    table,
+                    req.region_number,
+                    req.wait,
+                )
+            }))
+            .await
+            .into_iter()
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+        }
+        Ok(Output::AffectedRows(0))
+    }
+
+    async fn flush_table_inner(
+        &self,
+        catalog: &str,
+        schema: &str,
+        table: &str,
+        region: Option<u32>,
+        wait: Option<bool>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let table_ref = TableReference {
+            catalog,
+            schema,
+            table,
+        };
+
+        let full_table_name = table_ref.to_string();
+        let table = self.get_table(&table_ref)?;
+        table
+            .flush(region, wait)
+            .await
+            .context(error::FlushTableSnafu {
+                table_name: full_table_name,
+            })
+    }
+}

src/datanode/src/sql/insert.rs

@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ use table::TableRef;
 use crate::error::{
     CatalogSnafu, CollectRecordsSnafu, ColumnDefaultValueSnafu, ColumnNoneDefaultValueSnafu,
     ColumnNotFoundSnafu, ColumnTypeMismatchSnafu, ColumnValuesNumberMismatchSnafu, Error,
-    ExecuteSqlSnafu, InsertSnafu, MissingInsertBodySnafu, ParseSqlSnafu, ParseSqlValueSnafu,
-    Result, TableNotFoundSnafu,
+    ExecuteLogicalPlanSnafu, InsertSnafu, MissingInsertBodySnafu, ParseSqlSnafu,
+    ParseSqlValueSnafu, PlanStatementSnafu, Result, TableNotFoundSnafu,
 };
 use crate::sql::{table_idents_to_full_name, SqlHandler, SqlRequest};
 
@@ -236,18 +236,19 @@ impl SqlHandler {
 
         let logical_plan = self
             .query_engine
-            .statement_to_plan(
+            .planner()
+            .plan(
                 QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Query(Box::new(query))),
                 query_ctx.clone(),
             )
             .await
-            .context(ExecuteSqlSnafu)?;
+            .context(PlanStatementSnafu)?;
 
         let output = self
             .query_engine
             .execute(&logical_plan)
             .await
-            .context(ExecuteSqlSnafu)?;
+            .context(ExecuteLogicalPlanSnafu)?;
 
         let stream: InsertRequestStream = match output {
             Output::RecordBatches(batches) => {

src/datanode/src/tests.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+// TODO(LFC): These tests should be moved to frontend crate. They are actually standalone instance tests.
 mod instance_test;
 mod promql_test;
 pub(crate) mod test_util;

src/datanode/src/tests/instance_test.rs

@@ -12,16 +12,21 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::env;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use common_catalog::consts::{DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME};
 use common_query::Output;
 use common_recordbatch::util;
+use common_telemetry::logging;
 use datatypes::data_type::ConcreteDataType;
 use datatypes::vectors::{Int64Vector, StringVector, UInt64Vector, VectorRef};
+use query::parser::{QueryLanguageParser, QueryStatement};
 use session::context::QueryContext;
+use snafu::ResultExt;
+use sql::statements::statement::Statement;
 
-use crate::error::Error;
+use crate::error::{Error, ExecuteLogicalPlanSnafu, PlanStatementSnafu};
 use crate::tests::test_util::{self, check_output_stream, setup_test_instance, MockInstance};
 
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
@@ -414,7 +419,6 @@ pub async fn test_execute_create() {
 
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn test_rename_table() {
-    common_telemetry::init_default_ut_logging();
     let instance = MockInstance::new("test_rename_table_local").await;
 
     let output = execute_sql(&instance, "create database db").await;
@@ -766,33 +770,142 @@ async fn test_delete() {
 }
 
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
-async fn test_execute_copy_to() {
-    let instance = setup_test_instance("test_execute_copy_to").await;
+async fn test_execute_copy_to_s3() {
+    logging::init_default_ut_logging();
+    if let Ok(bucket) = env::var("GT_S3_BUCKET") {
+        if !bucket.is_empty() {
+            let instance = setup_test_instance("test_execute_copy_to_s3").await;
 
-    // setups
-    execute_sql(
-        &instance,
-        "create table demo(host string, cpu double, memory double, ts timestamp time index);",
-    )
-    .await;
+            // setups
+            execute_sql(
+                &instance,
+                "create table demo(host string, cpu double, memory double, ts timestamp time index);",
+            )
+            .await;
 
-    let output = execute_sql(
-        &instance,
-        r#"insert into demo(host, cpu, memory, ts) values
+            let output = execute_sql(
+                &instance,
+                r#"insert into demo(host, cpu, memory, ts) values
                             ('host1', 66.6, 1024, 1655276557000),
                             ('host2', 88.8,  333.3, 1655276558000)
                             "#,
-    )
-    .await;
-    assert!(matches!(output, Output::AffectedRows(2)));
+            )
+            .await;
+            assert!(matches!(output, Output::AffectedRows(2)));
+            let key_id = env::var("GT_S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID").unwrap();
+            let key = env::var("GT_S3_ACCESS_KEY").unwrap();
+            let url =
+                env::var("GT_S3_ENDPOINT_URL").unwrap_or("https://s3.amazonaws.com".to_string());
 
-    // exports
-    let data_dir = instance.data_tmp_dir().path();
+            let root = uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
 
-    let copy_to_stmt = format!("Copy demo TO '{}/export/demo.parquet'", data_dir.display());
+            // exports
+            let copy_to_stmt = format!("Copy demo TO 's3://{}/{}/export/demo.parquet' CONNECTION (ACCESS_KEY_ID='{}',SECRET_ACCESS_KEY='{}',ENDPOINT_URL='{}')", bucket, root, key_id, key, url);
 
-    let output = execute_sql(&instance, &copy_to_stmt).await;
-    assert!(matches!(output, Output::AffectedRows(2)));
+            let output = execute_sql(&instance, &copy_to_stmt).await;
+            assert!(matches!(output, Output::AffectedRows(2)));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
+async fn test_execute_copy_from_s3() {
+    logging::init_default_ut_logging();
+    if let Ok(bucket) = env::var("GT_S3_BUCKET") {
+        if !bucket.is_empty() {
+            let instance = setup_test_instance("test_execute_copy_from_s3").await;
+
+            // setups
+            execute_sql(
+                &instance,
+                "create table demo(host string, cpu double, memory double, ts timestamp time index);",
+            )
+            .await;
+
+            let output = execute_sql(
+                &instance,
+                r#"insert into demo(host, cpu, memory, ts) values
+                            ('host1', 66.6, 1024, 1655276557000),
+                            ('host2', 88.8,  333.3, 1655276558000)
+                            "#,
+            )
+            .await;
+            assert!(matches!(output, Output::AffectedRows(2)));
+
+            // export
+            let root = uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+            let key_id = env::var("GT_S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID").unwrap();
+            let key = env::var("GT_S3_ACCESS_KEY").unwrap();
+            let url =
+                env::var("GT_S3_ENDPOINT_URL").unwrap_or("https://s3.amazonaws.com".to_string());
+
+            let copy_to_stmt = format!("Copy demo TO 's3://{}/{}/export/demo.parquet' CONNECTION (ACCESS_KEY_ID='{}',SECRET_ACCESS_KEY='{}',ENDPOINT_URL='{}')", bucket, root, key_id, key, url);
+            logging::info!("Copy table to s3: {}", copy_to_stmt);
+
+            let output = execute_sql(&instance, &copy_to_stmt).await;
+            assert!(matches!(output, Output::AffectedRows(2)));
+
+            struct Test<'a> {
+                sql: &'a str,
+                table_name: &'a str,
+            }
+            let tests = [
+                Test {
+                    sql: &format!(
+                        "Copy with_filename FROM 's3://{}/{}/export/demo.parquet_1_2'",
+                        bucket, root
+                    ),
+                    table_name: "with_filename",
+                },
+                Test {
+                    sql: &format!("Copy with_path FROM 's3://{}/{}/export/'", bucket, root),
+                    table_name: "with_path",
+                },
+                Test {
+                    sql: &format!(
+                        "Copy with_pattern FROM 's3://{}/{}/export/' WITH (PATTERN = 'demo.*')",
+                        bucket, root
+                    ),
+                    table_name: "with_pattern",
+                },
+            ];
+
+            for test in tests {
+                // import
+                execute_sql(
+                    &instance,
+                    &format!(
+                "create table {}(host string, cpu double, memory double, ts timestamp time index);",
+                test.table_name
+            ),
+                )
+                .await;
+                let sql = format!(
+                    "{} CONNECTION (ACCESS_KEY_ID='{}',SECRET_ACCESS_KEY='{}',ENDPOINT_URL='{}')",
+                    test.sql, key_id, key, url
+                );
+                logging::info!("Running sql: {}", sql);
+
+                let output = execute_sql(&instance, &sql).await;
+                assert!(matches!(output, Output::AffectedRows(2)));
+
+                let output = execute_sql(
+                    &instance,
+                    &format!("select * from {} order by ts", test.table_name),
+                )
+                .await;
+                let expected = "\
++-------+------+--------+---------------------+
+| host  | cpu  | memory | ts                  |
++-------+------+--------+---------------------+
+| host1 | 66.6 | 1024.0 | 2022-06-15T07:02:37 |
+| host2 | 88.8 | 333.3  | 2022-06-15T07:02:38 |
++-------+------+--------+---------------------+"
+                    .to_string();
+                check_output_stream(output, expected).await;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
@@ -848,7 +961,20 @@ async fn try_execute_sql_in_db(
     db: &str,
 ) -> Result<Output, crate::error::Error> {
     let query_ctx = Arc::new(QueryContext::with(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, db));
-    instance.inner().execute_sql(sql, query_ctx).await
+
+    let stmt = QueryLanguageParser::parse_sql(sql).unwrap();
+    match stmt {
+        QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Query(_)) => {
+            let engine = instance.inner().query_engine();
+            let plan = engine
+                .planner()
+                .plan(stmt, query_ctx)
+                .await
+                .context(PlanStatementSnafu)?;
+            engine.execute(&plan).await.context(ExecuteLogicalPlanSnafu)
+        }
+        _ => instance.inner().execute_stmt(stmt, query_ctx).await,
+    }
 }
 
 async fn execute_sql_in_db(instance: &MockInstance, sql: &str, db: &str) -> Output {

src/datanode/src/tests/promql_test.rs

@@ -31,22 +31,14 @@ async fn create_insert_query_assert(
     expected: &str,
 ) {
     let instance = setup_test_instance("test_execute_insert").await;
-    let query_ctx = QueryContext::arc();
-    instance
-        .inner()
-        .execute_sql(create, query_ctx.clone())
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
 
-    instance
-        .inner()
-        .execute_sql(insert, query_ctx.clone())
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
+    instance.execute_sql(create).await;
+
+    instance.execute_sql(insert).await;
 
     let query_output = instance
         .inner()
-        .execute_promql_statement(promql, start, end, interval, lookback, query_ctx)
+        .execute_promql_statement(promql, start, end, interval, lookback, QueryContext::arc())
         .await
         .unwrap();
     let expected = String::from(expected);
@@ -56,24 +48,12 @@ async fn create_insert_query_assert(
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 async fn create_insert_tql_assert(create: &str, insert: &str, tql: &str, expected: &str) {
     let instance = setup_test_instance("test_execute_insert").await;
-    let query_ctx = QueryContext::arc();
-    instance
-        .inner()
-        .execute_sql(create, query_ctx.clone())
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
 
-    instance
-        .inner()
-        .execute_sql(insert, query_ctx.clone())
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
+    instance.execute_sql(create).await;
 
-    let query_output = instance
-        .inner()
-        .execute_sql(tql, query_ctx.clone())
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
+    instance.execute_sql(insert).await;
+
+    let query_output = instance.execute_sql(tql).await;
     let expected = String::from(expected);
     check_unordered_output_stream(query_output, expected).await;
 }

src/datanode/src/tests/test_util.rs

@@ -13,20 +13,25 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 use common_catalog::consts::{DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, MIN_USER_TABLE_ID};
 use common_query::Output;
 use common_recordbatch::util;
+use common_test_util::temp_dir::{create_temp_dir, TempDir};
 use datatypes::data_type::ConcreteDataType;
 use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, RawSchema};
 use mito::config::EngineConfig;
 use mito::table::test_util::{new_test_object_store, MockEngine, MockMitoEngine};
+use query::parser::{PromQuery, QueryLanguageParser, QueryStatement};
 use query::QueryEngineFactory;
 use servers::Mode;
+use session::context::QueryContext;
 use snafu::ResultExt;
+use sql::statements::statement::Statement;
+use sql::statements::tql::Tql;
 use table::engine::{EngineContext, TableEngineRef};
 use table::requests::{CreateTableRequest, TableOptions};
-use tempdir::TempDir;
 
 use crate::datanode::{DatanodeOptions, FileConfig, ObjectStoreConfig, ProcedureConfig, WalConfig};
 use crate::error::{CreateTableSnafu, Result};
@@ -55,11 +60,13 @@ impl MockInstance {
 
     pub(crate) async fn with_procedure_enabled(name: &str) -> Self {
         let (mut opts, _guard) = create_tmp_dir_and_datanode_opts(name);
-        let procedure_dir = TempDir::new(&format!("gt_procedure_{name}")).unwrap();
+        let procedure_dir = create_temp_dir(&format!("gt_procedure_{name}"));
         opts.procedure = Some(ProcedureConfig {
             store: ObjectStoreConfig::File(FileConfig {
                 data_dir: procedure_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string(),
             }),
+            max_retry_times: 3,
+            retry_delay: Duration::from_millis(500),
         });
 
         let instance = Instance::with_mock_meta_client(&opts).await.unwrap();
@@ -72,12 +79,42 @@ impl MockInstance {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn inner(&self) -> &Instance {
-        &self.instance
+    pub(crate) async fn execute_sql(&self, sql: &str) -> Output {
+        let engine = self.inner().query_engine();
+        let planner = engine.planner();
+
+        let stmt = QueryLanguageParser::parse_sql(sql).unwrap();
+        match stmt {
+            QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Query(_)) => {
+                let plan = planner.plan(stmt, QueryContext::arc()).await.unwrap();
+                engine.execute(&plan).await.unwrap()
+            }
+            QueryStatement::Sql(Statement::Tql(tql)) => {
+                let plan = match tql {
+                    Tql::Eval(eval) => {
+                        let promql = PromQuery {
+                            start: eval.start,
+                            end: eval.end,
+                            step: eval.step,
+                            query: eval.query,
+                        };
+                        let stmt = QueryLanguageParser::parse_promql(&promql).unwrap();
+                        planner.plan(stmt, QueryContext::arc()).await.unwrap()
+                    }
+                    Tql::Explain(_) => unimplemented!(),
+                };
+                engine.execute(&plan).await.unwrap()
+            }
+            _ => self
+                .inner()
+                .execute_stmt(stmt, QueryContext::arc())
+                .await
+                .unwrap(),
+        }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn data_tmp_dir(&self) -> &TempDir {
-        &self._guard._data_tmp_dir
+    pub(crate) fn inner(&self) -> &Instance {
+        &self.instance
     }
 }
 
@@ -87,8 +124,8 @@ struct TestGuard {
 }
 
 fn create_tmp_dir_and_datanode_opts(name: &str) -> (DatanodeOptions, TestGuard) {
-    let wal_tmp_dir = TempDir::new(&format!("gt_wal_{name}")).unwrap();
-    let data_tmp_dir = TempDir::new(&format!("gt_data_{name}")).unwrap();
+    let wal_tmp_dir = create_temp_dir(&format!("gt_wal_{name}"));
+    let data_tmp_dir = create_temp_dir(&format!("gt_data_{name}"));
     let opts = DatanodeOptions {
         wal: WalConfig {
             dir: wal_tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string(),

src/datatypes/src/vectors/constant.rs

@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ use std::any::Any;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use arrow::array::{Array, ArrayRef};
-use snafu::ResultExt;
+use arrow::array::{Array, ArrayRef, UInt32Array};
+use snafu::{ensure, ResultExt};
 
 use crate::data_type::ConcreteDataType;
-use crate::error::{Result, SerializeSnafu};
+use crate::error::{self, Result, SerializeSnafu};
 use crate::serialize::Serializable;
 use crate::value::{Value, ValueRef};
-use crate::vectors::{BooleanVector, Helper, Validity, Vector, VectorRef};
+use crate::vectors::{BooleanVector, Helper, UInt32Vector, Validity, Vector, VectorRef};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ConstantVector {
@@ -83,6 +83,35 @@ impl ConstantVector {
             self.length,
         )))
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn take_vector(&self, indices: &UInt32Vector) -> Result<VectorRef> {
+        if indices.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(self.slice(0, 0));
+        }
+        ensure!(
+            indices.null_count() == 0,
+            error::UnsupportedOperationSnafu {
+                op: "taking a null index",
+                vector_type: self.vector_type_name(),
+            }
+        );
+
+        let len = self.len();
+        let arr = indices.to_arrow_array();
+        let indices_arr = arr.as_any().downcast_ref::<UInt32Array>().unwrap();
+        if !arrow::compute::min_boolean(
+            &arrow::compute::lt_scalar(indices_arr, len as u32).unwrap(),
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+        {
+            panic!("Array index out of bounds, cannot take index out of the length of the array: {len}");
+        }
+
+        Ok(Arc::new(ConstantVector::new(
+            self.inner().clone(),
+            indices.len(),
+        )))
+    }
 }
 
 impl Vector for ConstantVector {

src/datatypes/src/vectors/operations.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ mod cast;
 mod filter;
 mod find_unique;
 mod replicate;
+mod take;
 
 use common_base::BitVec;
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ use crate::types::LogicalPrimitiveType;
 use crate::vectors::constant::ConstantVector;
 use crate::vectors::{
     BinaryVector, BooleanVector, ConcreteDataType, ListVector, NullVector, PrimitiveVector,
-    StringVector, Vector, VectorRef,
+    StringVector, UInt32Vector, Vector, VectorRef,
 };
 
 /// Vector compute operations.
@@ -63,6 +64,12 @@ pub trait VectorOp {
     ///
     /// TODO(dennis) describe behaviors in details.
     fn cast(&self, to_type: &ConcreteDataType) -> Result<VectorRef>;
+
+    /// Take elements from the vector by the given indices.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if an index is out of bounds.
+    fn take(&self, indices: &UInt32Vector) -> Result<VectorRef>;
 }
 
 macro_rules! impl_scalar_vector_op {
@@ -84,6 +91,10 @@ macro_rules! impl_scalar_vector_op {
             fn cast(&self, to_type: &ConcreteDataType) -> Result<VectorRef> {
                 cast::cast_non_constant!(self, to_type)
             }
+
+            fn take(&self, indices: &UInt32Vector) -> Result<VectorRef> {
+                take::take_indices!(self, $VectorType, indices)
+            }
         }
     )+};
 }
@@ -108,6 +119,10 @@ impl<T: LogicalPrimitiveType> VectorOp for PrimitiveVector<T> {
     fn cast(&self, to_type: &ConcreteDataType) -> Result<VectorRef> {
         cast::cast_non_constant!(self, to_type)
     }
+
+    fn take(&self, indices: &UInt32Vector) -> Result<VectorRef> {
+        take::take_indices!(self, PrimitiveVector<T>, indices)
+    }
 }
 
 impl VectorOp for NullVector {
@@ -131,6 +146,10 @@ impl VectorOp for NullVector {
         }
         .fail()
     }
+
+    fn take(&self, indices: &UInt32Vector) -> Result<VectorRef> {
+        take::take_indices!(self, NullVector, indices)
+    }
 }
 
 impl VectorOp for ConstantVector {
@@ -150,4 +169,8 @@ impl VectorOp for ConstantVector {
     fn cast(&self, to_type: &ConcreteDataType) -> Result<VectorRef> {
         self.cast_vector(to_type)
     }
+
+    fn take(&self, indices: &UInt32Vector) -> Result<VectorRef> {
+        self.take_vector(indices)
+    }
 }

src/datatypes/src/vectors/operations/take.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+macro_rules! take_indices {
+    ($vector: expr, $VectorType: ty, $indices: ident) => {{
+        use std::sync::Arc;
+
+        use arrow::compute;
+        use snafu::ResultExt;
+
+        let arrow_array = $vector.as_arrow();
+        let taken = compute::take(arrow_array, $indices.as_arrow(), None)
+            .context(crate::error::ArrowComputeSnafu)?;
+        Ok(Arc::new(<$VectorType>::try_from_arrow_array(taken)?))
+    }};
+}
+
+pub(crate) use take_indices;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    use arrow::array::{PrimitiveArray, UInt32Array};
+    use common_time::{Date, DateTime};
+
+    use crate::prelude::VectorRef;
+    use crate::scalars::ScalarVector;
+    use crate::timestamp::{
+        TimestampMicrosecond, TimestampMillisecond, TimestampNanosecond, TimestampSecond,
+    };
+    use crate::types::{LogicalPrimitiveType, WrapperType};
+    use crate::vectors::operations::VectorOp;
+    use crate::vectors::{
+        BooleanVector, ConstantVector, Int32Vector, NullVector, PrimitiveVector, StringVector,
+        UInt32Vector,
+    };
+
+    fn check_take_primitive<T>(
+        input: Vec<Option<T::Native>>,
+        indices: Vec<Option<u32>>,
+        expect: Vec<Option<T::Native>>,
+    ) where
+        T: LogicalPrimitiveType,
+        PrimitiveArray<T::ArrowPrimitive>: From<Vec<Option<T::Native>>>,
+    {
+        let v = PrimitiveVector::<T>::new(PrimitiveArray::<T::ArrowPrimitive>::from(input));
+        let indices = UInt32Vector::new(UInt32Array::from(indices));
+        let output = v.take(&indices).unwrap();
+
+        let expected: VectorRef = Arc::new(PrimitiveVector::<T>::new(PrimitiveArray::<
+            T::ArrowPrimitive,
+        >::from(expect)));
+        assert_eq!(expected, output);
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! take_time_like_test {
+        ($VectorType: ident, $ValueType: ident, $method: ident) => {{
+            use $crate::vectors::{$VectorType, VectorRef};
+
+            let v = $VectorType::from_iterator((0..5).map($ValueType::$method));
+            let indices = UInt32Vector::from_slice(&[3, 0, 1, 4]);
+            let out = v.take(&indices).unwrap();
+
+            let expect: VectorRef = Arc::new($VectorType::from_iterator(
+                [3, 0, 1, 4].into_iter().map($ValueType::$method),
+            ));
+            assert_eq!(expect, out);
+        }};
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_take_primitive() {
+        // nullable int32
+        check_take_primitive::<crate::types::Int32Type>(
+            vec![Some(1), None, Some(3), Some(4), Some(-5)],
+            vec![Some(3), None, Some(0), Some(1), Some(4)],
+            vec![Some(4), None, Some(1), None, Some(-5)],
+        );
+
+        // nullable float32
+        check_take_primitive::<crate::types::Float32Type>(
+            vec![Some(3.24), None, Some(1.34), Some(4.13), Some(5.13)],
+            vec![Some(3), None, Some(0), Some(1), Some(4)],
+            vec![Some(4.13), None, Some(3.24), None, Some(5.13)],
+        );
+
+        // nullable uint32
+        check_take_primitive::<crate::types::UInt32Type>(
+            vec![Some(0), None, Some(2), Some(3), Some(4)],
+            vec![Some(4), None, Some(2), Some(1), Some(3)],
+            vec![Some(4), None, Some(2), None, Some(3)],
+        );
+
+        // test date like type
+        take_time_like_test!(DateVector, Date, new);
+        take_time_like_test!(DateTimeVector, DateTime, new);
+        take_time_like_test!(TimestampSecondVector, TimestampSecond, from_native);
+        take_time_like_test!(
+            TimestampMillisecondVector,
+            TimestampMillisecond,
+            from_native
+        );
+        take_time_like_test!(
+            TimestampMicrosecondVector,
+            TimestampMicrosecond,
+            from_native
+        );
+        take_time_like_test!(TimestampNanosecondVector, TimestampNanosecond, from_native);
+    }
+
+    fn check_take_constant(expect_length: usize, input_length: usize, indices: &[u32]) {
+        let v = ConstantVector::new(Arc::new(Int32Vector::from_slice([111])), input_length);
+        let indices = UInt32Vector::from_slice(indices);
+        let out = v.take(&indices).unwrap();
+
+        assert!(out.is_const());
+        assert_eq!(expect_length, out.len());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_take_constant() {
+        check_take_constant(2, 5, &[3, 4]);
+        check_take_constant(3, 10, &[1, 2, 3]);
+        check_take_constant(4, 10, &[1, 5, 3, 6]);
+        check_take_constant(5, 10, &[1, 9, 8, 7, 3]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    fn test_take_constant_out_of_index() {
+        check_take_constant(2, 5, &[3, 5]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    fn test_take_out_of_index() {
+        let v = Int32Vector::from_slice([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+        let indies = UInt32Vector::from_slice([1, 5, 6]);
+        v.take(&indies).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_take_null() {
+        let v = NullVector::new(5);
+        let indices = UInt32Vector::from_slice([1, 3, 2]);
+        let out = v.take(&indices).unwrap();
+
+        let expect: VectorRef = Arc::new(NullVector::new(3));
+        assert_eq!(expect, out);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_take_scalar() {
+        let v = StringVector::from_slice(&["0", "1", "2", "3"]);
+        let indices = UInt32Vector::from_slice([1, 3, 2]);
+        let out = v.take(&indices).unwrap();
+
+        let expect: VectorRef = Arc::new(StringVector::from_slice(&["1", "3", "2"]));
+        assert_eq!(expect, out);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_take_bool() {
+        let v = BooleanVector::from_slice(&[false, true, false, true, false, false, true]);
+        let indices = UInt32Vector::from_slice([1, 3, 5, 6]);
+        let out = v.take(&indices).unwrap();
+        let expected: VectorRef = Arc::new(BooleanVector::from_slice(&[true, true, false, true]));
+        assert_eq!(out, expected);
+
+        let v = BooleanVector::from(vec![
+            Some(true),
+            None,
+            Some(false),
+            Some(true),
+            Some(false),
+            Some(false),
+            Some(true),
+            None,
+        ]);
+        let indices = UInt32Vector::from(vec![Some(1), None, Some(3), Some(5), Some(6)]);
+        let out = v.take(&indices).unwrap();
+        let expected: VectorRef = Arc::new(BooleanVector::from(vec![
+            None,
+            None,
+            Some(true),
+            Some(false),
+            Some(true),
+        ]));
+        assert_eq!(out, expected);
+    }
+}

src/frontend/Cargo.toml

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ client = { path = "../client" }
 common-base = { path = "../common/base" }
 common-catalog = { path = "../common/catalog" }
 common-error = { path = "../common/error" }
+common-function = { path = "../common/function" }
 common-grpc = { path = "../common/grpc" }
 common-grpc-expr = { path = "../common/grpc-expr" }
 common-query = { path = "../common/query" }
@@ -48,10 +49,10 @@ tokio.workspace = true
 tonic.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+common-test-util = { path = "../common/test-util" }
 datanode = { path = "../datanode" }
 futures = "0.3"
 meta-srv = { path = "../meta-srv", features = ["mock"] }
 strfmt = "0.2"
-tempdir = "0.3"
 toml = "0.5"
 tower = "0.4"

src/frontend/src/error.rs

@@ -44,6 +44,12 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: servers::error::Error,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to shutdown server, source: {}", source))]
+    ShutdownServer {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: servers::error::Error,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Failed to parse address {}, source: {}", addr, source))]
     ParseAddr {
         addr: String,
@@ -241,6 +247,24 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: query::error::Error,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to plan statement, source: {}", source))]
+    PlanStatement {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: query::error::Error,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to parse query, source: {}", source))]
+    ParseQuery {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: query::error::Error,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to execute logical plan, source: {}", source))]
+    ExecLogicalPlan {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: query::error::Error,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Failed to build DataFusion logical plan, source: {}", source))]
     BuildDfLogicalPlan {
         source: datafusion_common::DataFusionError,
@@ -381,6 +405,7 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
 
             Error::SqlExecIntercepted { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
             Error::StartServer { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
+            Error::ShutdownServer { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
 
             Error::ParseSql { source } => source.status_code(),
 
@@ -419,9 +444,12 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             | Error::ToTableInsertRequest { source }
             | Error::FindNewColumnsOnInsertion { source } => source.status_code(),
 
-            Error::ExecuteStatement { source, .. } | Error::DescribeStatement { source } => {
-                source.status_code()
-            }
+            Error::ExecuteStatement { source, .. }
+            | Error::PlanStatement { source }
+            | Error::ParseQuery { source }
+            | Error::ExecLogicalPlan { source }
+            | Error::DescribeStatement { source } => source.status_code(),
+
             Error::AlterExprToRequest { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
             Error::LeaderNotFound { .. } => StatusCode::StorageUnavailable,
             Error::TableAlreadyExist { .. } => StatusCode::TableAlreadyExists,