### Added Deduplication and Merge Functionality

- Introduced `DedupReader` and `MergeReader` in `src/mito2/src/read/sync/dedup.rs` and `src/mito2/src/read/sync/merge.rs` to handle deduplication and merging of sorted batches. ### Enhanced `BulkMemtable` Iteration - Updated `BulkMemtable` in `src/mito2/src/memtable/bulk.rs` to support deduplication and merge modes during iteration. - Added `BulkIterContext` to manage iteration context. ### Testing Enhancements - Added comprehensive tests for `BulkMemtable` and `BulkPart` in `src/mito2/src/memtable/bulk.rs` and `src/mito2/src/memtable/bulk/part.rs`. ### Code Refactoring - Made `BulkPart` and `BulkPartMeta` cloneable in `src/mito2/src/memtable/bulk/part.rs`. - Exposed internal test modules for better test coverage in `src/mito2/src/memtable/time_series.rs` and `src/mito2/src/read/merge.rs`. ### New Modules - Created `sync` module in `src/mito2/src/read.rs` to organize synchronous read operations.
feat: use spawn
2026-01-04 12:22:55 +00:00 · 2025-02-20 08:54:44 +00:00 · 2025-02-13 22:49:02 +08:00 · 2025-02-10 15:14:45 +00:00 · 2025-02-10 14:24:13 +00:00 · 2025-02-10 21:38:10 +08:00
308 changed files with 8828 additions and 13172 deletions
--- a/.github/actions/build-greptime-images/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/build-greptime-images/action.yml
@@ -47,11 +47,7 @@ runs:
        password: ${{ inputs.image-registry-password }}

    - name: Set up qemu for multi-platform builds
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-      with:
-        platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-        # The latest version will lead to segmentation fault.
-        image: tonistiigi/binfmt:qemu-v7.0.0-28
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2

    - name: Set up buildx
      uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
--- a/.github/workflows/apidoc.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/apidoc.yml
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      with:
-        persist-credentials: false
    - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
      with:
        repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
--- a/.github/workflows/dependency-check.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/dependency-check.yml
@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@ jobs:
    steps:
    - name: Checkout code
      uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      with:
-        persist-credentials: false

    - name: Set up Rust
      uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
--- a/.github/workflows/dev-build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/dev-build.yml
@@ -76,9 +76,15 @@ env:

  NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX: nightly

+  # Use the different image name to avoid conflict with the release images.
+  IMAGE_NAME: greptimedb-dev
+
  # The source code will check out in the following path: '${WORKING_DIR}/dev/greptime'.
  CHECKOUT_GREPTIMEDB_PATH: dev/greptimedb

+permissions:
+  issues: write
+
 jobs:
  allocate-runners:
    name: Allocate runners
@@ -101,7 +107,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Create version
        id: create-version
@@ -156,7 +161,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Checkout greptimedb
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -164,7 +168,6 @@ jobs:
          repository: ${{ inputs.repository }}
          ref: ${{ inputs.commit }}
          path: ${{ env.CHECKOUT_GREPTIMEDB_PATH }}
-          persist-credentials: true

      - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
        with:
@@ -189,7 +192,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Checkout greptimedb
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -197,7 +199,6 @@ jobs:
          repository: ${{ inputs.repository }}
          ref: ${{ inputs.commit }}
          path: ${{ env.CHECKOUT_GREPTIMEDB_PATH }}
-          persist-credentials: true

      - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
        with:
@@ -225,14 +226,13 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Build and push images to dockerhub
        uses: ./.github/actions/build-images
        with:
          image-registry: docker.io
          image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          image-name: ${{ vars.DEV_BUILD_IMAGE_NAME }}
+          image-name: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
          image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
@@ -257,14 +257,13 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Release artifacts to CN region
        uses: ./.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts
        with:
          src-image-registry: docker.io
          src-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          src-image-name: ${{ vars.DEV_BUILD_IMAGE_NAME }}
+          src-image-name: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
          dst-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
          dst-image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
          dst-image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
@@ -292,7 +291,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Stop EC2 runner
        uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -318,7 +316,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Stop EC2 runner
        uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -337,16 +334,10 @@ jobs:
      release-images-to-dockerhub
    ]
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-
    env:
      SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
      - name: Report CI status
        id: report-ci-status
--- a/.github/workflows/develop.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/develop.yml
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: crate-ci/typos@master
      - name: Check the config docs
        run: |
@@ -40,8 +38,6 @@ jobs:
    name: Check License Header
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: korandoru/hawkeye@v5

  check:
@@ -53,8 +49,6 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
        with:
          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -76,8 +70,6 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
      - name: Install taplo
        run: cargo +stable install taplo-cli --version ^0.9 --locked --force
@@ -93,8 +85,6 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
        with:
          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -149,8 +139,6 @@ jobs:
          echo "Disk space after:"
          df -h
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
        with:
          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -204,8 +192,6 @@ jobs:
          echo "Disk space after:"
          df -h
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
        with:
          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -252,8 +238,6 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
        with:
          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -311,8 +295,6 @@ jobs:
          echo "Disk space after:"
          df -h
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - name: Setup Kind
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-kind
      - if: matrix.mode.minio
@@ -455,8 +437,6 @@ jobs:
          echo "Disk space after:"
          df -h
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - name: Setup Kind
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-kind
      - name: Setup Chaos Mesh
@@ -582,8 +562,6 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - if: matrix.mode.kafka
        name: Setup kafka server
        working-directory: tests-integration/fixtures
@@ -611,8 +589,6 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
        with:
          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -628,8 +604,6 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
        with:
          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -652,8 +626,6 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - name: Merge Conflict Finder
        uses: olivernybroe/action-conflict-finder@v4.0

@@ -664,8 +636,6 @@ jobs:
    needs:  [conflict-check, clippy, fmt]
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
        with:
          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -714,8 +684,6 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
        with:
          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
--- a/.github/workflows/docbot.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docbot.yml
@@ -3,17 +3,16 @@ on:
  pull_request_target:
    types: [opened, edited]

+permissions:
+  pull-requests: write
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
  docbot:
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    permissions:
-      pull-requests: write
-      contents: read
    timeout-minutes: 10
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
      - name: Maybe Follow Up Docs Issue
        working-directory: cyborg
--- a/.github/workflows/docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docs.yml
@@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: crate-ci/typos@master

  license-header-check:
@@ -43,8 +41,6 @@ jobs:
    name: Check License Header
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: korandoru/hawkeye@v5

  check:
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly-build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly-build.yml
@@ -66,6 +66,13 @@ env:

  NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX: nightly

+  # Use the different image name to avoid conflict with the release images.
+  # The DockerHub image will be greptime/greptimedb-nightly.
+  IMAGE_NAME: greptimedb-nightly
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+
 jobs:
  allocate-runners:
    name: Allocate runners
@@ -88,7 +95,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Create version
        id: create-version
@@ -141,7 +147,6 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
        with:
@@ -163,7 +168,6 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
        with:
@@ -189,14 +193,13 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Build and push images to dockerhub
        uses: ./.github/actions/build-images
        with:
          image-registry: docker.io
          image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          image-name: ${{ vars.NIGHTLY_BUILD_IMAGE_NAME }}
+          image-name: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
          image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
@@ -223,14 +226,13 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Release artifacts to CN region
        uses: ./.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts
        with:
          src-image-registry: docker.io
          src-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          src-image-name: ${{ vars.NIGHTLY_BUILD_IMAGE_NAME }}
+          src-image-name: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
          dst-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
          dst-image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
          dst-image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
@@ -258,7 +260,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Stop EC2 runner
        uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -284,7 +285,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Stop EC2 runner
        uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -303,14 +303,10 @@ jobs:
      release-images-to-dockerhub
    ]
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
    env:
      SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
      - name: Report CI status
        id: report-ci-status
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly-ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly-ci.yml
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

+permissions:
+  issues: write
+
 jobs:
  sqlness-test:
    name: Run sqlness test
@@ -19,7 +22,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Check install.sh
        run: ./.github/scripts/check-install-script.sh
@@ -44,14 +46,9 @@ jobs:
    name: Sqlness tests on Windows
    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
    runs-on: windows-2022-8-cores
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
        with:
@@ -79,9 +76,6 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - run: git config --global core.autocrlf false
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
        with:
@@ -117,13 +111,9 @@ jobs:
  cleanbuild-linux-nix:
    name: Run clean build on Linux
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v27
        with:
          nix_path: nixpkgs=channel:nixos-24.11
@@ -151,9 +141,6 @@ jobs:
      SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
      - name: Report CI status
        id: report-ci-status
--- a/.github/workflows/release-dev-builder-images.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-dev-builder-images.yaml
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Configure build image version
        id: set-version
@@ -86,66 +85,48 @@ jobs:
      - name: Push dev-builder-ubuntu image
        shell: bash
        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image }}
-        env:
-          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
-          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
-          ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
        run: |
          docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
            -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
            quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:$IMAGE_VERSION \
-            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:$IMAGE_VERSION
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
+            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}

          docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
            -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
            quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:latest \
-            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:latest
-
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:latest \
+            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:latest
      - name: Push dev-builder-centos image
        shell: bash
        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image }}
-        env:
-          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
-          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
-          ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
        run: |
          docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
            -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
            quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:$IMAGE_VERSION \
-            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:$IMAGE_VERSION
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
+            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}

          docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
            -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
            quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:latest \
-            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:latest
-
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:latest \
+            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:latest
      - name: Push dev-builder-android image
        shell: bash
        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }}
-        env:
-          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
-          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
-          ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
        run: |
          docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
            -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
            quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:$IMAGE_VERSION \
-            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:$IMAGE_VERSION
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
+            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}

          docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
            -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
            quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:latest \
-            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:latest
-
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:latest \
+            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:latest
  release-dev-builder-images-cn: # Note: Be careful issue: https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues/1874 and we decide to use the latest stable skopeo container.
    name: Release dev builder images to CN region
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
@@ -163,41 +144,29 @@ jobs:
      - name: Push dev-builder-ubuntu image
        shell: bash
        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image }}
-        env:
-          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
-          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
        run: |
          docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
            -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
            quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:$IMAGE_VERSION \
-            docker://$ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:$IMAGE_VERSION
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
+            docker://${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}

      - name: Push dev-builder-centos image
        shell: bash
        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image }}
-        env:
-          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
-          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
        run: |
          docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
            -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
            quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:$IMAGE_VERSION \
-            docker://$ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:$IMAGE_VERSION
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
+            docker://${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}

      - name: Push dev-builder-android image
        shell: bash
        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }}
-        env:
-          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
-          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
        run: |
          docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
            -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
            quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:$IMAGE_VERSION \
-            docker://$ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:$IMAGE_VERSION
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
+            docker://${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -93,6 +93,11 @@ env:
  # Note: The NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION should be modified manually by every formal release.
  NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION: v0.12.0

+# Permission reference: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-jobs/assigning-permissions-to-jobs
+permissions:
+  issues: write # Allows the action to create issues for cyborg.
+  contents: write # Allows the action to create a release.
+
 jobs:
  allocate-runners:
    name: Allocate runners
@@ -117,7 +122,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Check Rust toolchain version
        shell: bash
@@ -177,7 +181,6 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
        with:
@@ -199,7 +202,6 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
        with:
@@ -235,7 +237,6 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - uses: ./.github/actions/build-macos-artifacts
        with:
@@ -275,7 +276,6 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - uses: ./.github/actions/build-windows-artifacts
        with:
@@ -306,14 +306,12 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Build and push images to dockerhub
        uses: ./.github/actions/build-images
        with:
          image-registry: docker.io
          image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          image-name: ${{ vars.GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_NAME }}
          image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
@@ -343,14 +341,13 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Release artifacts to CN region
        uses: ./.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts
        with:
          src-image-registry: docker.io
          src-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          src-image-name: ${{ vars.GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_NAME }}
+          src-image-name: greptimedb
          dst-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
          dst-image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
          dst-image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
@@ -380,7 +377,6 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Publish GitHub release
        uses: ./.github/actions/publish-github-release
@@ -404,7 +400,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Stop EC2 runner
        uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -430,7 +425,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Stop EC2 runner
        uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -447,15 +441,8 @@ jobs:
    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
    needs: [allocate-runners]
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    # Permission reference: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-jobs/assigning-permissions-to-jobs
-    permissions:
-      issues: write # Allows the action to create issues for cyborg.
-      contents: write # Allows the action to create a release.
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
      - name: Bump doc version
        working-directory: cyborg
@@ -474,17 +461,10 @@ jobs:
      build-windows-artifacts,
    ]
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    # Permission reference: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-jobs/assigning-permissions-to-jobs
-    permissions:
-      issues: write # Allows the action to create issues for cyborg.
-      contents: write # Allows the action to create a release.
    env:
      SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
      - name: Report CI status
        id: report-ci-status
--- a/.github/workflows/schedule.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/schedule.yml
@@ -4,20 +4,18 @@ on:
    - cron: '4 2 * * *'
  workflow_dispatch:

+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  issues: write
+  pull-requests: write

 jobs:
  maintenance:
    name: Periodic Maintenance
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      issues: write
-      pull-requests: write
    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
      - name: Do Maintenance
        working-directory: cyborg
--- a/.github/workflows/semantic-pull-request.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/semantic-pull-request.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name: "Semantic Pull Request"

 on:
-  pull_request:
+  pull_request_target:
    types:
      - opened
      - reopened
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 10
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
      - name: Check Pull Request
        working-directory: cyborg
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -81,7 +81,6 @@ rust.unknown_lints = "deny"
 rust.unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(tokio_unstable)'] }

 [workspace.dependencies]
-# DO_NOT_REMOVE_THIS: BEGIN_OF_EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCIES
 # We turn off default-features for some dependencies here so the workspaces which inherit them can
 # selectively turn them on if needed, since we can override default-features = true (from false)
 # for the inherited dependency but cannot do the reverse (override from true to false).
@@ -107,7 +106,6 @@ bitflags = "2.4.1"
 bytemuck = "1.12"
 bytes = { version = "1.7", features = ["serde"] }
 chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
-chrono-tz = "0.10.1"
 clap = { version = "4.4", features = ["derive"] }
 config = "0.13.0"
 crossbeam-utils = "0.8"
@@ -129,7 +127,8 @@ etcd-client = "0.14"
 fst = "0.4.7"
 futures = "0.3"
 futures-util = "0.3"
-greptime-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto.git", rev = "fc09a5696608d2a0aa718cc835d5cb9c4e8e9387" }
+# branch: poc-write-path
+greptime-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto.git", rev = "1915576b113a494f5352fd61f211d899b7f87aab" }
 hex = "0.4"
 http = "1"
 humantime = "2.1"
@@ -140,8 +139,8 @@ itertools = "0.10"
 jsonb = { git = "https://github.com/databendlabs/jsonb.git", rev = "8c8d2fc294a39f3ff08909d60f718639cfba3875", default-features = false }
 lazy_static = "1.4"
 local-ip-address = "0.6"
-loki-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/loki-proto.git", rev = "1434ecf23a2654025d86188fb5205e7a74b225d3" }
-meter-core = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git", rev = "5618e779cf2bb4755b499c630fba4c35e91898cb" }
+loki-api = { git = "https://github.com/shuiyisong/tracing-loki", branch = "chore/prost_version" }
+meter-core = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git", rev = "a10facb353b41460eeb98578868ebf19c2084fac" }
 mockall = "0.11.4"
 moka = "0.12"
 nalgebra = "0.33"
@@ -209,7 +208,6 @@ tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "json", "fmt"]
 typetag = "0.2"
 uuid = { version = "1.7", features = ["serde", "v4", "fast-rng"] }
 zstd = "0.13"
-# DO_NOT_REMOVE_THIS: END_OF_EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCIES

 ## workspaces members
 api = { path = "src/api" }
@@ -281,10 +279,12 @@ tokio-rustls = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/tokio-rustls", rev = "46
 # This is commented, since we are not using aws-lc-sys, if we need to use it, we need to uncomment this line or use a release after this commit, or it wouldn't compile with gcc < 8.1
 # see https://github.com/aws/aws-lc-rs/pull/526
 # aws-lc-sys = { git ="https://github.com/aws/aws-lc-rs", rev = "556558441e3494af4b156ae95ebc07ebc2fd38aa" }
+# Apply a fix for pprof for unaligned pointer access
+pprof = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/pprof-rs", rev = "1bd1e21" }

 [workspace.dependencies.meter-macros]
 git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git"
-rev = "5618e779cf2bb4755b499c630fba4c35e91898cb"
+rev = "a10facb353b41460eeb98578868ebf19c2084fac"

 [profile.release]
 debug = 1
--- a/Cross.toml
+++ b/Cross.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu]
-image = "ghcr.io/cross-rs/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu:0.2.5"
-
 [build]
 pre-build = [
    "dpkg --add-architecture $CROSS_DEB_ARCH",
@@ -8,8 +5,3 @@ pre-build = [
    "curl -LO https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v3.15.8/protoc-3.15.8-linux-x86_64.zip && unzip protoc-3.15.8-linux-x86_64.zip -d /usr/",
    "chmod a+x /usr/bin/protoc && chmod -R a+rx /usr/include/google",
 ]
-
-[build.env]
-passthrough = [
-    "JEMALLOC_SYS_WITH_LG_PAGE",
-]
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ docker run -p 127.0.0.1:4000-4003:4000-4003 \
  --name greptime --rm \
  greptime/greptimedb:latest standalone start \
  --http-addr 0.0.0.0:4000 \
-  --rpc-bind-addr 0.0.0.0:4001 \
+  --rpc-addr 0.0.0.0:4001 \
  --mysql-addr 0.0.0.0:4002 \
  --postgres-addr 0.0.0.0:4003
 ```
--- a/config/config.md
+++ b/config/config.md
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 | `http.enable_cors` | Bool | `true` | HTTP CORS support, it's turned on by default<br/>This allows browser to access http APIs without CORS restrictions |
 | `http.cors_allowed_origins` | Array | Unset | Customize allowed origins for HTTP CORS. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
-| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `grpc.tls` | -- | -- | gRPC server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
 | `grpc.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@
 | `mysql.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable. |
 | `mysql.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4002` | The addr to bind the MySQL server. |
 | `mysql.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
-| `mysql.keep_alive` | String | `0s` | Server-side keep-alive time.<br/>Set to 0 (default) to disable. |
 | `mysql.tls` | -- | -- | -- |
 | `mysql.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode, refer to https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html<br/>- `disable` (default value)<br/>- `prefer`<br/>- `require`<br/>- `verify-ca`<br/>- `verify-full` |
 | `mysql.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -50,7 +49,6 @@
 | `postgres.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable |
 | `postgres.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4003` | The addr to bind the PostgresSQL server. |
 | `postgres.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
-| `postgres.keep_alive` | String | `0s` | Server-side keep-alive time.<br/>Set to 0 (default) to disable. |
 | `postgres.tls` | -- | -- | PostgresSQL server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
 | `postgres.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
 | `postgres.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -60,8 +58,6 @@
 | `opentsdb.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable OpenTSDB put in HTTP API. |
 | `influxdb` | -- | -- | InfluxDB protocol options. |
 | `influxdb.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable InfluxDB protocol in HTTP API. |
-| `jaeger` | -- | -- | Jaeger protocol options. |
-| `jaeger.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable Jaeger protocol in HTTP API. |
 | `prom_store` | -- | -- | Prometheus remote storage options |
 | `prom_store.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable Prometheus remote write and read in HTTP API. |
 | `prom_store.with_metric_engine` | Bool | `true` | Whether to store the data from Prometheus remote write in metric engine. |
@@ -69,8 +65,8 @@
 | `wal.provider` | String | `raft_engine` | The provider of the WAL.<br/>- `raft_engine`: the wal is stored in the local file system by raft-engine.<br/>- `kafka`: it's remote wal that data is stored in Kafka. |
 | `wal.dir` | String | Unset | The directory to store the WAL files.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.file_size` | String | `128MB` | The size of the WAL segment file.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
-| `wal.purge_threshold` | String | `1GB` | The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a purge.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
-| `wal.purge_interval` | String | `1m` | The interval to trigger a purge.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
+| `wal.purge_threshold` | String | `1GB` | The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a flush.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
+| `wal.purge_interval` | String | `1m` | The interval to trigger a flush.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.read_batch_size` | Integer | `128` | The read batch size.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.sync_write` | Bool | `false` | Whether to use sync write.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.enable_log_recycle` | Bool | `true` | Whether to reuse logically truncated log files.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
@@ -92,9 +88,8 @@
 | `wal.backoff_deadline` | String | `5mins` | The deadline of retries.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
 | `wal.overwrite_entry_start_id` | Bool | `false` | Ignore missing entries during read WAL.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.<br/><br/>This option ensures that when Kafka messages are deleted, the system<br/>can still successfully replay memtable data without throwing an<br/>out-of-range error.<br/>However, enabling this option might lead to unexpected data loss,<br/>as the system will skip over missing entries instead of treating<br/>them as critical errors. |
 | `metadata_store` | -- | -- | Metadata storage options. |
-| `metadata_store.file_size` | String | `64MB` | The size of the metadata store log file. |
-| `metadata_store.purge_threshold` | String | `256MB` | The threshold of the metadata store size to trigger a purge. |
-| `metadata_store.purge_interval` | String | `1m` | The interval of the metadata store to trigger a purge. |
+| `metadata_store.file_size` | String | `256MB` | Kv file size in bytes. |
+| `metadata_store.purge_threshold` | String | `4GB` | Kv purge threshold. |
 | `procedure` | -- | -- | Procedure storage options. |
 | `procedure.max_retry_times` | Integer | `3` | Procedure max retry time. |
 | `procedure.retry_delay` | String | `500ms` | Initial retry delay of procedures, increases exponentially |
@@ -226,8 +221,8 @@
 | `http.enable_cors` | Bool | `true` | HTTP CORS support, it's turned on by default<br/>This allows browser to access http APIs without CORS restrictions |
 | `http.cors_allowed_origins` | Array | Unset | Customize allowed origins for HTTP CORS. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
-| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
-| `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.<br/>If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface<br/>on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`. |
+| `grpc.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.hostname` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The hostname advertised to the metasrv,<br/>and used for connections from outside the host |
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `grpc.tls` | -- | -- | gRPC server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
 | `grpc.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
@@ -238,7 +233,6 @@
 | `mysql.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable. |
 | `mysql.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4002` | The addr to bind the MySQL server. |
 | `mysql.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
-| `mysql.keep_alive` | String | `0s` | Server-side keep-alive time.<br/>Set to 0 (default) to disable. |
 | `mysql.tls` | -- | -- | -- |
 | `mysql.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode, refer to https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html<br/>- `disable` (default value)<br/>- `prefer`<br/>- `require`<br/>- `verify-ca`<br/>- `verify-full` |
 | `mysql.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -248,7 +242,6 @@
 | `postgres.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable |
 | `postgres.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4003` | The addr to bind the PostgresSQL server. |
 | `postgres.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
-| `postgres.keep_alive` | String | `0s` | Server-side keep-alive time.<br/>Set to 0 (default) to disable. |
 | `postgres.tls` | -- | -- | PostgresSQL server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
 | `postgres.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
 | `postgres.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -258,8 +251,6 @@
 | `opentsdb.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable OpenTSDB put in HTTP API. |
 | `influxdb` | -- | -- | InfluxDB protocol options. |
 | `influxdb.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable InfluxDB protocol in HTTP API. |
-| `jaeger` | -- | -- | Jaeger protocol options. |
-| `jaeger.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable Jaeger protocol in HTTP API. |
 | `prom_store` | -- | -- | Prometheus remote storage options |
 | `prom_store.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable Prometheus remote write and read in HTTP API. |
 | `prom_store.with_metric_engine` | Bool | `true` | Whether to store the data from Prometheus remote write in metric engine. |
@@ -309,7 +300,7 @@
 | --- | -----| ------- | ----------- |
 | `data_home` | String | `/tmp/metasrv/` | The working home directory. |
 | `bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The bind address of metasrv. |
-| `server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The communication server address for the frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv.<br/>If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface<br/>on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `bind_addr`. |
+| `server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The communication server address for frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv,  "127.0.0.1:3002" by default for localhost. |
 | `store_addrs` | Array | -- | Store server address default to etcd store.<br/>For postgres store, the format is:<br/>"password=password dbname=postgres user=postgres host=localhost port=5432"<br/>For etcd store, the format is:<br/>"127.0.0.1:2379" |
 | `store_key_prefix` | String | `""` | If it's not empty, the metasrv will store all data with this key prefix. |
 | `backend` | String | `etcd_store` | The datastore for meta server.<br/>Available values:<br/>- `etcd_store` (default value)<br/>- `memory_store`<br/>- `postgres_store` |
@@ -385,14 +376,19 @@
 | `init_regions_in_background` | Bool | `false` | Initialize all regions in the background during the startup.<br/>By default, it provides services after all regions have been initialized. |
 | `init_regions_parallelism` | Integer | `16` | Parallelism of initializing regions. |
 | `max_concurrent_queries` | Integer | `0` | The maximum current queries allowed to be executed. Zero means unlimited. |
+| `rpc_addr` | String | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.addr` instead. |
+| `rpc_hostname` | String | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.hostname` instead. |
+| `rpc_runtime_size` | Integer | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.runtime_size` instead. |
+| `rpc_max_recv_message_size` | String | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.rpc_max_recv_message_size` instead. |
+| `rpc_max_send_message_size` | String | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.rpc_max_send_message_size` instead. |
 | `enable_telemetry` | Bool | `true` | Enable telemetry to collect anonymous usage data. Enabled by default. |
 | `http` | -- | -- | The HTTP server options. |
 | `http.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4000` | The address to bind the HTTP server. |
 | `http.timeout` | String | `30s` | HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout. |
 | `http.body_limit` | String | `64MB` | HTTP request body limit.<br/>The following units are supported: `B`, `KB`, `KiB`, `MB`, `MiB`, `GB`, `GiB`, `TB`, `TiB`, `PB`, `PiB`.<br/>Set to 0 to disable limit. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
-| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
-| `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3001` | The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.<br/>If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface<br/>on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`. |
+| `grpc.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.hostname` | String | `127.0.0.1:3001` | The hostname advertised to the metasrv,<br/>and used for connections from outside the host |
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `grpc.max_recv_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum receive message size for gRPC server. |
 | `grpc.max_send_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum send message size for gRPC server. |
@@ -553,8 +549,8 @@
 | `flow` | -- | -- | flow engine options. |
 | `flow.num_workers` | Integer | `0` | The number of flow worker in flownode.<br/>Not setting(or set to 0) this value will use the number of CPU cores divided by 2. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
-| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:6800` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
-| `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:6800` | The address advertised to the metasrv,<br/>and used for connections from outside the host |
+| `grpc.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:6800` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.hostname` | String | `127.0.0.1` | The hostname advertised to the metasrv,<br/>and used for connections from outside the host |
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `grpc.max_recv_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum receive message size for gRPC server. |
 | `grpc.max_send_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum send message size for gRPC server. |
--- a/config/datanode.example.toml
+++ b/config/datanode.example.toml
@@ -19,6 +19,26 @@ init_regions_parallelism = 16
 ## The maximum current queries allowed to be executed. Zero means unlimited.
 max_concurrent_queries = 0

+## Deprecated, use `grpc.addr` instead.
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+rpc_addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
+
+## Deprecated, use `grpc.hostname` instead.
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+rpc_hostname = "127.0.0.1"
+
+## Deprecated, use `grpc.runtime_size` instead.
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+rpc_runtime_size = 8
+
+## Deprecated, use `grpc.rpc_max_recv_message_size` instead.
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+rpc_max_recv_message_size = "512MB"
+
+## Deprecated, use `grpc.rpc_max_send_message_size` instead.
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+rpc_max_send_message_size = "512MB"
+
 ## Enable telemetry to collect anonymous usage data. Enabled by default.
 #+ enable_telemetry = true

@@ -36,11 +56,10 @@ body_limit = "64MB"
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
 ## The address to bind the gRPC server.
-bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
-## The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
-## If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
-## on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`.
-server_addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
+addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
+## The hostname advertised to the metasrv,
+## and used for connections from outside the host
+hostname = "127.0.0.1:3001"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 8
 ## The maximum receive message size for gRPC server.
--- a/config/flownode.example.toml
+++ b/config/flownode.example.toml
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ node_id = 14
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
 ## The address to bind the gRPC server.
-bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:6800"
-## The address advertised to the metasrv,
+addr = "127.0.0.1:6800"
+## The hostname advertised to the metasrv,
 ## and used for connections from outside the host
-server_addr = "127.0.0.1:6800"
+hostname = "127.0.0.1"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
 ## The maximum receive message size for gRPC server.
--- a/config/frontend.example.toml
+++ b/config/frontend.example.toml
@@ -41,11 +41,10 @@ cors_allowed_origins = ["https://example.com"]
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
 ## The address to bind the gRPC server.
-bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
-## The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
-## If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
-## on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`.
-server_addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
+addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
+## The hostname advertised to the metasrv,
+## and used for connections from outside the host
+hostname = "127.0.0.1:4001"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 8

@@ -74,9 +73,6 @@ enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4002"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
-## Server-side keep-alive time.
-## Set to 0 (default) to disable.
-keep_alive = "0s"

 # MySQL server TLS options.
 [mysql.tls]
@@ -108,9 +104,6 @@ enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4003"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
-## Server-side keep-alive time.
-## Set to 0 (default) to disable.
-keep_alive = "0s"

 ## PostgresSQL server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section.
 [postgres.tls]
@@ -138,11 +131,6 @@ enable = true
 ## Whether to enable InfluxDB protocol in HTTP API.
 enable = true

-## Jaeger protocol options.
-[jaeger]
-## Whether to enable Jaeger protocol in HTTP API.
-enable = true
-
 ## Prometheus remote storage options
 [prom_store]
 ## Whether to enable Prometheus remote write and read in HTTP API.
--- a/config/metasrv.example.toml
+++ b/config/metasrv.example.toml
@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@ data_home = "/tmp/metasrv/"
 ## The bind address of metasrv.
 bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:3002"

-## The communication server address for the frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv.
-## If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
-## on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `bind_addr`.
+## The communication server address for frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv,  "127.0.0.1:3002" by default for localhost.
 server_addr = "127.0.0.1:3002"

 ## Store server address default to etcd store.
--- a/config/standalone.example.toml
+++ b/config/standalone.example.toml
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ cors_allowed_origins = ["https://example.com"]
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
 ## The address to bind the gRPC server.
-bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
+addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 8

@@ -78,9 +78,6 @@ enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4002"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
-## Server-side keep-alive time.
-## Set to 0 (default) to disable.
-keep_alive = "0s"

 # MySQL server TLS options.
 [mysql.tls]
@@ -112,9 +109,6 @@ enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4003"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
-## Server-side keep-alive time.
-## Set to 0 (default) to disable.
-keep_alive = "0s"

 ## PostgresSQL server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section.
 [postgres.tls]
@@ -142,11 +136,6 @@ enable = true
 ## Whether to enable InfluxDB protocol in HTTP API.
 enable = true

-## Jaeger protocol options.
-[jaeger]
-## Whether to enable Jaeger protocol in HTTP API.
-enable = true
-
 ## Prometheus remote storage options
 [prom_store]
 ## Whether to enable Prometheus remote write and read in HTTP API.
@@ -170,11 +159,11 @@ dir = "/tmp/greptimedb/wal"
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
 file_size = "128MB"

-## The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a purge.
+## The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a flush.
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
 purge_threshold = "1GB"

-## The interval to trigger a purge.
+## The interval to trigger a flush.
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
 purge_interval = "1m"

@@ -289,12 +278,10 @@ overwrite_entry_start_id = false

 ## Metadata storage options.
 [metadata_store]
-## The size of the metadata store log file.
-file_size = "64MB"
-## The threshold of the metadata store size to trigger a purge.
-purge_threshold = "256MB"
-## The interval of the metadata store to trigger a purge.
-purge_interval = "1m"
+## Kv file size in bytes.
+file_size = "256MB"
+## Kv purge threshold.
+purge_threshold = "4GB"

 ## Procedure storage options.
 [procedure]
--- a/docker/docker-compose/cluster-with-etcd.yaml
+++ b/docker/docker-compose/cluster-with-etcd.yaml
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ services:
    command:
      - metasrv
      - start
-      - --rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:3002
-      - --rpc-server-addr=metasrv:3002
+      - --bind-addr=0.0.0.0:3002
+      - --server-addr=metasrv:3002
      - --store-addrs=etcd0:2379
      - --http-addr=0.0.0.0:3000
    healthcheck:
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ services:
      - datanode
      - start
      - --node-id=0
-      - --rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:3001
-      - --rpc-server-addr=datanode0:3001
+      - --rpc-addr=0.0.0.0:3001
+      - --rpc-hostname=datanode0:3001
      - --metasrv-addrs=metasrv:3002
      - --http-addr=0.0.0.0:5000
    volumes:
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ services:
      - start
      - --metasrv-addrs=metasrv:3002
      - --http-addr=0.0.0.0:4000
-      - --rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:4001
+      - --rpc-addr=0.0.0.0:4001
      - --mysql-addr=0.0.0.0:4002
      - --postgres-addr=0.0.0.0:4003
    healthcheck:
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ services:
      - start
      - --node-id=0
      - --metasrv-addrs=metasrv:3002
-      - --rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:4004
-      - --rpc-server-addr=flownode0:4004
+      - --rpc-addr=0.0.0.0:4004
+      - --rpc-hostname=flownode0:4004
      - --http-addr=0.0.0.0:4005
    depends_on:
      frontend0:
--- a/docs/how-to/how-to-profile-memory.md
+++ b/docs/how-to/how-to-profile-memory.md
@@ -4,16 +4,6 @@ This crate provides an easy approach to dump memory profiling info.

 ## Prerequisites
 ### jemalloc
-jeprof is already compiled in the target directory of GreptimeDB. You can find the binary and use it.
-```
-# find jeprof binary
-find . -name 'jeprof'
-# add executable permission
-chmod +x <path_to_jeprof>
-```
-The path is usually under `./target/${PROFILE}/build/tikv-jemalloc-sys-${HASH}/out/build/bin/jeprof`.
-The default version of jemalloc installed from the package manager may not have the `--collapsed` option.
-You may need to check the whether the `jeprof` version is >= `5.3.0` if you want to install it from the package manager.
 ```bash
 # for macOS
 brew install jemalloc
@@ -33,11 +23,7 @@ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph/master/flamegraph
 Start GreptimeDB instance with environment variables:

 ```bash
-# for Linux
 MALLOC_CONF=prof:true ./target/debug/greptime standalone start
-
-# for macOS
-_RJEM_MALLOC_CONF=prof:true ./target/debug/greptime standalone start
 ```

 Dump memory profiling data through HTTP API:
--- a/docs/logo-text-padding-dark.png
+++ b/docs/logo-text-padding-dark.png
--- a/docs/logo-text-padding.png
+++ b/docs/logo-text-padding.png
--- a/src/api/src/v1/column_def.rs
+++ b/src/api/src/v1/column_def.rs
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;

 use datatypes::schema::{
-    ColumnDefaultConstraint, ColumnSchema, FulltextAnalyzer, FulltextOptions, SkippingIndexType,
-    COMMENT_KEY, FULLTEXT_KEY, INVERTED_INDEX_KEY, SKIPPING_INDEX_KEY,
+    ColumnDefaultConstraint, ColumnSchema, FulltextAnalyzer, FulltextOptions, COMMENT_KEY,
+    FULLTEXT_KEY, INVERTED_INDEX_KEY, SKIPPING_INDEX_KEY,
 };
-use greptime_proto::v1::{Analyzer, SkippingIndexType as PbSkippingIndexType};
+use greptime_proto::v1::Analyzer;
 use snafu::ResultExt;

 use crate::error::{self, Result};
@@ -121,13 +121,6 @@ pub fn as_fulltext_option(analyzer: Analyzer) -> FulltextAnalyzer {
    }
 }

-/// Tries to construct a `SkippingIndexType` from the given skipping index type.
-pub fn as_skipping_index_type(skipping_index_type: PbSkippingIndexType) -> SkippingIndexType {
-    match skipping_index_type {
-        PbSkippingIndexType::BloomFilter => SkippingIndexType::BloomFilter,
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {

--- a/src/catalog/src/system_schema/information_schema/key_column_usage.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/system_schema/information_schema/key_column_usage.rs
@@ -228,6 +228,12 @@ impl InformationSchemaKeyColumnUsageBuilder {
                let keys = &table_info.meta.primary_key_indices;
                let schema = table.schema();

+                // For compatibility, use primary key columns as inverted index columns.
+                let pk_as_inverted_index = !schema
+                    .column_schemas()
+                    .iter()
+                    .any(|c| c.has_inverted_index_key());
+
                for (idx, column) in schema.column_schemas().iter().enumerate() {
                    let mut constraints = vec![];
                    if column.is_time_index() {
@@ -245,6 +251,10 @@ impl InformationSchemaKeyColumnUsageBuilder {
                    // TODO(dimbtp): foreign key constraint not supported yet
                    if keys.contains(&idx) {
                        constraints.push(PRI_CONSTRAINT_NAME);
+
+                        if pk_as_inverted_index {
+                            constraints.push(INVERTED_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NAME);
+                        }
                    }
                    if column.is_inverted_indexed() {
                        constraints.push(INVERTED_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NAME);
--- a/src/cli/src/bench.rs
+++ b/src/cli/src/bench.rs
@@ -24,11 +24,10 @@ use common_meta::key::{TableMetadataManager, TableMetadataManagerRef};
 use common_meta::kv_backend::etcd::EtcdStore;
 use common_meta::kv_backend::memory::MemoryKvBackend;
 #[cfg(feature = "pg_kvbackend")]
-use common_meta::kv_backend::rds::PgStore;
+use common_meta::kv_backend::postgres::PgStore;
 use common_meta::peer::Peer;
 use common_meta::rpc::router::{Region, RegionRoute};
 use common_telemetry::info;
-use common_wal::options::WalOptions;
 use datatypes::data_type::ConcreteDataType;
 use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, RawSchema};
 use rand::Rng;
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ fn create_region_routes(regions: Vec<RegionNumber>) -> Vec<RegionRoute> {
    region_routes
 }

-fn create_region_wal_options(regions: Vec<RegionNumber>) -> HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions> {
+fn create_region_wal_options(regions: Vec<RegionNumber>) -> HashMap<RegionNumber, String> {
    // TODO(niebayes): construct region wal options for benchmark.
    let _ = regions;
    HashMap::default()
--- a/src/cli/src/bench/metadata.rs
+++ b/src/cli/src/bench/metadata.rs
@@ -49,12 +49,7 @@ impl TableMetadataBencher {

                let regions: Vec<_> = (0..64).collect();
                let region_routes = create_region_routes(regions.clone());
-                let region_wal_options = create_region_wal_options(regions)
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|(region_id, wal_options)| {
-                        (region_id, serde_json::to_string(&wal_options).unwrap())
-                    })
-                    .collect();
+                let region_wal_options = create_region_wal_options(regions);

                let start = Instant::now();

@@ -114,17 +109,9 @@ impl TableMetadataBencher {
                let table_info = table_info.unwrap();
                let table_route = table_route.unwrap();
                let table_id = table_info.table_info.ident.table_id;
-
-                let regions: Vec<_> = (0..64).collect();
-                let region_wal_options = create_region_wal_options(regions);
                let _ = self
                    .table_metadata_manager
-                    .delete_table_metadata(
-                        table_id,
-                        &table_info.table_name(),
-                        &table_route,
-                        &region_wal_options,
-                    )
+                    .delete_table_metadata(table_id, &table_info.table_name(), &table_route)
                    .await;
                start.elapsed()
            },
--- a/src/cmd/src/datanode.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/datanode.rs
@@ -126,14 +126,10 @@ impl SubCommand {
 struct StartCommand {
    #[clap(long)]
    node_id: Option<u64>,
-    /// The address to bind the gRPC server.
-    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-addr")]
-    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
-    /// The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
-    /// If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
-    /// on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `rpc_bind_addr`.
-    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-hostname")]
-    rpc_server_addr: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long)]
+    rpc_addr: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long)]
+    rpc_hostname: Option<String>,
    #[clap(long, value_delimiter = ',', num_args = 1..)]
    metasrv_addrs: Option<Vec<String>>,
    #[clap(short, long)]
@@ -185,18 +181,18 @@ impl StartCommand {
            tokio_console_addr: global_options.tokio_console_addr.clone(),
        };

-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
-            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_addr {
+            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr);
        } else if let Some(addr) = &opts.rpc_addr {
            warn!("Use the deprecated attribute `DatanodeOptions.rpc_addr`, please use `grpc.addr` instead.");
-            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
+            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr);
        }

-        if let Some(server_addr) = &self.rpc_server_addr {
-            opts.grpc.server_addr.clone_from(server_addr);
-        } else if let Some(server_addr) = &opts.rpc_hostname {
+        if let Some(hostname) = &self.rpc_hostname {
+            opts.grpc.hostname.clone_from(hostname);
+        } else if let Some(hostname) = &opts.rpc_hostname {
            warn!("Use the deprecated attribute `DatanodeOptions.rpc_hostname`, please use `grpc.hostname` instead.");
-            opts.grpc.server_addr.clone_from(server_addr);
+            opts.grpc.hostname.clone_from(hostname);
        }

        if let Some(runtime_size) = opts.rpc_runtime_size {
@@ -281,7 +277,7 @@ impl StartCommand {

        let plugin_opts = opts.plugins;
        let mut opts = opts.component;
-        opts.grpc.detect_server_addr();
+        opts.grpc.detect_hostname();
        let mut plugins = Plugins::new();
        plugins::setup_datanode_plugins(&mut plugins, &plugin_opts, &opts)
            .await
@@ -361,8 +357,8 @@ mod tests {
            rpc_addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
            rpc_hostname = "192.168.0.1"
            [grpc]
-            bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
-            server_addr = "127.0.0.1"
+            addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
+            hostname = "127.0.0.1"
            runtime_size = 8
        "#;
        write!(file, "{}", toml_str).unwrap();
@@ -373,8 +369,8 @@ mod tests {
        };

        let options = cmd.load_options(&Default::default()).unwrap().component;
-        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4001".to_string(), options.grpc.bind_addr);
-        assert_eq!("192.168.0.1".to_string(), options.grpc.server_addr);
+        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4001".to_string(), options.grpc.addr);
+        assert_eq!("192.168.0.1".to_string(), options.grpc.hostname);
    }

    #[test]
@@ -435,7 +431,7 @@ mod tests {

        let options = cmd.load_options(&Default::default()).unwrap().component;

-        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:3001".to_string(), options.grpc.bind_addr);
+        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:3001".to_string(), options.grpc.addr);
        assert_eq!(Some(42), options.node_id);

        let DatanodeWalConfig::RaftEngine(raft_engine_config) = options.wal else {
@@ -649,7 +645,7 @@ mod tests {
                    opts.http.addr,
                    DatanodeOptions::default().component.http.addr
                );
-                assert_eq!(opts.grpc.server_addr, "10.103.174.219");
+                assert_eq!(opts.grpc.hostname, "10.103.174.219");
            },
        );
    }
--- a/src/cmd/src/flownode.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/flownode.rs
@@ -129,13 +129,11 @@ struct StartCommand {
    #[clap(long)]
    node_id: Option<u64>,
    /// Bind address for the gRPC server.
-    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-addr")]
-    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
-    /// The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
-    /// If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
-    /// on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `rpc_bind_addr`.
-    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-hostname")]
-    rpc_server_addr: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long)]
+    rpc_addr: Option<String>,
+    /// Hostname for the gRPC server.
+    #[clap(long)]
+    rpc_hostname: Option<String>,
    /// Metasrv address list;
    #[clap(long, value_delimiter = ',', num_args = 1..)]
    metasrv_addrs: Option<Vec<String>>,
@@ -186,12 +184,12 @@ impl StartCommand {
            tokio_console_addr: global_options.tokio_console_addr.clone(),
        };

-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
-            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_addr {
+            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr);
        }

-        if let Some(server_addr) = &self.rpc_server_addr {
-            opts.grpc.server_addr.clone_from(server_addr);
+        if let Some(hostname) = &self.rpc_hostname {
+            opts.grpc.hostname.clone_from(hostname);
        }

        if let Some(node_id) = self.node_id {
@@ -239,7 +237,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
        info!("Flownode options: {:#?}", opts);

        let mut opts = opts.component;
-        opts.grpc.detect_server_addr();
+        opts.grpc.detect_hostname();

        // TODO(discord9): make it not optionale after cluster id is required
        let cluster_id = opts.cluster_id.unwrap_or(0);
--- a/src/cmd/src/frontend.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/frontend.rs
@@ -136,19 +136,13 @@ impl SubCommand {

 #[derive(Debug, Default, Parser)]
 pub struct StartCommand {
-    /// The address to bind the gRPC server.
-    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-addr")]
-    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
-    /// The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
-    /// If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
-    /// on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `rpc_bind_addr`.
-    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-hostname")]
-    rpc_server_addr: Option<String>,
    #[clap(long)]
    http_addr: Option<String>,
    #[clap(long)]
    http_timeout: Option<u64>,
    #[clap(long)]
+    rpc_addr: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long)]
    mysql_addr: Option<String>,
    #[clap(long)]
    postgres_addr: Option<String>,
@@ -224,15 +218,11 @@ impl StartCommand {
            opts.http.disable_dashboard = disable_dashboard;
        }

-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
-            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_addr {
+            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr);
            opts.grpc.tls = tls_opts.clone();
        }

-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_server_addr {
-            opts.grpc.server_addr.clone_from(addr);
-        }
-
        if let Some(addr) = &self.mysql_addr {
            opts.mysql.enable = true;
            opts.mysql.addr.clone_from(addr);
@@ -279,7 +269,7 @@ impl StartCommand {

        let plugin_opts = opts.plugins;
        let mut opts = opts.component;
-        opts.grpc.detect_server_addr();
+        opts.grpc.detect_hostname();
        let mut plugins = Plugins::new();
        plugins::setup_frontend_plugins(&mut plugins, &plugin_opts, &opts)
            .await
@@ -423,7 +413,7 @@ mod tests {

        let default_opts = FrontendOptions::default().component;

-        assert_eq!(opts.grpc.bind_addr, default_opts.grpc.bind_addr);
+        assert_eq!(opts.grpc.addr, default_opts.grpc.addr);
        assert!(opts.mysql.enable);
        assert_eq!(opts.mysql.runtime_size, default_opts.mysql.runtime_size);
        assert!(opts.postgres.enable);
@@ -614,7 +604,7 @@ mod tests {
                assert_eq!(fe_opts.http.addr, "127.0.0.1:14000");

                // Should be default value.
-                assert_eq!(fe_opts.grpc.bind_addr, GrpcOptions::default().bind_addr);
+                assert_eq!(fe_opts.grpc.addr, GrpcOptions::default().addr);
            },
        );
    }
--- a/src/cmd/src/metasrv.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/metasrv.rs
@@ -133,15 +133,11 @@ impl SubCommand {

 #[derive(Debug, Default, Parser)]
 struct StartCommand {
-    /// The address to bind the gRPC server.
-    #[clap(long, alias = "bind-addr")]
-    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
-    /// The communication server address for the frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv.
-    /// If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
-    /// on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `rpc_bind_addr`.
-    #[clap(long, alias = "server-addr")]
-    rpc_server_addr: Option<String>,
-    #[clap(long, alias = "store-addr", value_delimiter = ',', num_args = 1..)]
+    #[clap(long)]
+    bind_addr: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long)]
+    server_addr: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long, aliases = ["store-addr"], value_delimiter = ',', num_args = 1..)]
    store_addrs: Option<Vec<String>>,
    #[clap(short, long)]
    config_file: Option<String>,
@@ -205,11 +201,11 @@ impl StartCommand {
            tokio_console_addr: global_options.tokio_console_addr.clone(),
        };

-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.bind_addr {
            opts.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
        }

-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_server_addr {
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.server_addr {
            opts.server_addr.clone_from(addr);
        }

@@ -273,13 +269,11 @@ impl StartCommand {
        log_versions(version(), short_version(), APP_NAME);

        info!("Metasrv start command: {:#?}", self);
+        info!("Metasrv options: {:#?}", opts);

        let plugin_opts = opts.plugins;
        let mut opts = opts.component;
        opts.detect_server_addr();
-
-        info!("Metasrv options: {:#?}", opts);
-
        let mut plugins = Plugins::new();
        plugins::setup_metasrv_plugins(&mut plugins, &plugin_opts, &opts)
            .await
@@ -312,8 +306,8 @@ mod tests {
    #[test]
    fn test_read_from_cmd() {
        let cmd = StartCommand {
-            rpc_bind_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
-            rpc_server_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
+            bind_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
+            server_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
            store_addrs: Some(vec!["127.0.0.1:2380".to_string()]),
            selector: Some("LoadBased".to_string()),
            ..Default::default()
@@ -387,8 +381,8 @@ mod tests {
    #[test]
    fn test_load_log_options_from_cli() {
        let cmd = StartCommand {
-            rpc_bind_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
-            rpc_server_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
+            bind_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
+            server_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
            store_addrs: Some(vec!["127.0.0.1:2380".to_string()]),
            selector: Some("LoadBased".to_string()),
            ..Default::default()
--- a/src/cmd/src/standalone.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/standalone.rs
@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ use frontend::instance::builder::FrontendBuilder;
 use frontend::instance::{FrontendInstance, Instance as FeInstance, StandaloneDatanodeManager};
 use frontend::server::Services;
 use frontend::service_config::{
-    InfluxdbOptions, JaegerOptions, MysqlOptions, OpentsdbOptions, PostgresOptions,
-    PromStoreOptions,
+    InfluxdbOptions, MysqlOptions, OpentsdbOptions, PostgresOptions, PromStoreOptions,
 };
 use meta_srv::metasrv::{FLOW_ID_SEQ, TABLE_ID_SEQ};
 use mito2::config::MitoConfig;
@@ -141,7 +140,6 @@ pub struct StandaloneOptions {
    pub postgres: PostgresOptions,
    pub opentsdb: OpentsdbOptions,
    pub influxdb: InfluxdbOptions,
-    pub jaeger: JaegerOptions,
    pub prom_store: PromStoreOptions,
    pub wal: DatanodeWalConfig,
    pub storage: StorageConfig,
@@ -171,7 +169,6 @@ impl Default for StandaloneOptions {
            postgres: PostgresOptions::default(),
            opentsdb: OpentsdbOptions::default(),
            influxdb: InfluxdbOptions::default(),
-            jaeger: JaegerOptions::default(),
            prom_store: PromStoreOptions::default(),
            wal: DatanodeWalConfig::default(),
            storage: StorageConfig::default(),
@@ -220,7 +217,6 @@ impl StandaloneOptions {
            postgres: cloned_opts.postgres,
            opentsdb: cloned_opts.opentsdb,
            influxdb: cloned_opts.influxdb,
-            jaeger: cloned_opts.jaeger,
            prom_store: cloned_opts.prom_store,
            meta_client: None,
            logging: cloned_opts.logging,
@@ -333,8 +329,8 @@ impl App for Instance {
 pub struct StartCommand {
    #[clap(long)]
    http_addr: Option<String>,
-    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-addr")]
-    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long)]
+    rpc_addr: Option<String>,
    #[clap(long)]
    mysql_addr: Option<String>,
    #[clap(long)]
@@ -411,9 +407,9 @@ impl StartCommand {
            opts.storage.data_home.clone_from(data_home);
        }

-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_addr {
            // frontend grpc addr conflict with datanode default grpc addr
-            let datanode_grpc_addr = DatanodeOptions::default().grpc.bind_addr;
+            let datanode_grpc_addr = DatanodeOptions::default().grpc.addr;
            if addr.eq(&datanode_grpc_addr) {
                return IllegalConfigSnafu {
                    msg: format!(
@@ -421,7 +417,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
                    ),
                }.fail();
            }
-            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr)
+            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr)
        }

        if let Some(addr) = &self.mysql_addr {
@@ -468,7 +464,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
        let mut plugins = Plugins::new();
        let plugin_opts = opts.plugins;
        let mut opts = opts.component;
-        opts.grpc.detect_server_addr();
+        opts.grpc.detect_hostname();
        let fe_opts = opts.frontend_options();
        let dn_opts = opts.datanode_options();

@@ -490,8 +486,8 @@ impl StartCommand {
        let metadata_dir = metadata_store_dir(data_home);
        let (kv_backend, procedure_manager) = FeInstance::try_build_standalone_components(
            metadata_dir,
-            opts.metadata_store,
-            opts.procedure,
+            opts.metadata_store.clone(),
+            opts.procedure.clone(),
        )
        .await
        .context(StartFrontendSnafu)?;
@@ -911,7 +907,7 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4000".to_string(), fe_opts.http.addr);
        assert_eq!(Duration::from_secs(33), fe_opts.http.timeout);
        assert_eq!(ReadableSize::mb(128), fe_opts.http.body_limit);
-        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4001".to_string(), fe_opts.grpc.bind_addr);
+        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4001".to_string(), fe_opts.grpc.addr);
        assert!(fe_opts.mysql.enable);
        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4002", fe_opts.mysql.addr);
        assert_eq!(2, fe_opts.mysql.runtime_size);
@@ -1041,7 +1037,7 @@ mod tests {
                assert_eq!(ReadableSize::mb(64), fe_opts.http.body_limit);

                // Should be default value.
-                assert_eq!(fe_opts.grpc.bind_addr, GrpcOptions::default().bind_addr);
+                assert_eq!(fe_opts.grpc.addr, GrpcOptions::default().addr);
            },
        );
    }
--- a/src/cmd/tests/cli.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/tests/cli.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ mod tests {
            .args([
                "datanode",
                "start",
-                "--rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:4321",
+                "--rpc-addr=0.0.0.0:4321",
                "--node-id=1",
                &format!("--data-home={}", data_home.path().display()),
                &format!("--wal-dir={}", wal_dir.path().display()),
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ mod tests {
            "--log-level=off",
            "cli",
            "attach",
-            "--grpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:4321",
+            "--grpc-addr=0.0.0.0:4321",
            // history commands can sneaky into stdout and mess up our tests, so disable it
            "--disable-helper",
        ]);
--- a/src/cmd/tests/load_config_test.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/tests/load_config_test.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use cmd::options::GreptimeOptions;
 use cmd::standalone::StandaloneOptions;
 use common_config::Configurable;
+use common_grpc::channel_manager::{
+    DEFAULT_MAX_GRPC_RECV_MESSAGE_SIZE, DEFAULT_MAX_GRPC_SEND_MESSAGE_SIZE,
+};
 use common_options::datanode::{ClientOptions, DatanodeClientOptions};
 use common_telemetry::logging::{LoggingOptions, SlowQueryOptions, DEFAULT_OTLP_ENDPOINT};
 use common_wal::config::raft_engine::RaftEngineConfig;
@@ -88,8 +91,13 @@ fn test_load_datanode_example_config() {
                ..Default::default()
            },
            grpc: GrpcOptions::default()
-                .with_bind_addr("127.0.0.1:3001")
-                .with_server_addr("127.0.0.1:3001"),
+                .with_addr("127.0.0.1:3001")
+                .with_hostname("127.0.0.1:3001"),
+            rpc_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3001".to_string()),
+            rpc_hostname: Some("127.0.0.1".to_string()),
+            rpc_runtime_size: Some(8),
+            rpc_max_recv_message_size: Some(DEFAULT_MAX_GRPC_RECV_MESSAGE_SIZE),
+            rpc_max_send_message_size: Some(DEFAULT_MAX_GRPC_SEND_MESSAGE_SIZE),
            ..Default::default()
        },
        ..Default::default()
@@ -136,9 +144,7 @@ fn test_load_frontend_example_config() {
                remote_write: Some(Default::default()),
                ..Default::default()
            },
-            grpc: GrpcOptions::default()
-                .with_bind_addr("127.0.0.1:4001")
-                .with_server_addr("127.0.0.1:4001"),
+            grpc: GrpcOptions::default().with_hostname("127.0.0.1:4001"),
            http: HttpOptions {
                cors_allowed_origins: vec!["https://example.com".to_string()],
                ..Default::default()
--- a/src/common/config/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/config/Cargo.toml
@@ -12,11 +12,9 @@ common-base.workspace = true
 common-error.workspace = true
 common-macro.workspace = true
 config.workspace = true
-humantime-serde.workspace = true
 num_cpus.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
-serde_with.workspace = true
 snafu.workspace = true
 sysinfo.workspace = true
 toml.workspace = true
--- a/src/common/config/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/common/config/src/lib.rs
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ pub mod config;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod utils;

-use std::time::Duration;
-
 use common_base::readable_size::ReadableSize;
 pub use config::*;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -36,27 +34,22 @@ pub enum Mode {
    Distributed,
 }

-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct KvBackendConfig {
-    /// The size of the metadata store backend log file.
+    // Kv file size in bytes
    pub file_size: ReadableSize,
-    /// The threshold of the metadata store size to trigger a purge.
+    // Kv purge threshold in bytes
    pub purge_threshold: ReadableSize,
-    /// The interval of the metadata store to trigger a purge.
-    #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
-    pub purge_interval: Duration,
 }

 impl Default for KvBackendConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
-            // The log file size 64MB
-            file_size: ReadableSize::mb(64),
-            // The log purge threshold 256MB
-            purge_threshold: ReadableSize::mb(256),
-            // The log purge interval 1m
-            purge_interval: Duration::from_secs(60),
+            // log file size 256MB
+            file_size: ReadableSize::mb(256),
+            // purge threshold 4GB
+            purge_threshold: ReadableSize::gb(4),
        }
    }
 }
--- a/src/common/function/src/scalars/json.rs
+++ b/src/common/function/src/scalars/json.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.

 use std::sync::Arc;
-pub mod json_get;
+mod json_get;
 mod json_is;
 mod json_path_exists;
 mod json_path_match;
--- a/src/common/function/src/scalars/vector.rs
+++ b/src/common/function/src/scalars/vector.rs
@@ -20,12 +20,11 @@ pub mod impl_conv;
 pub(crate) mod product;
 mod scalar_add;
 mod scalar_mul;
+mod sub;
 pub(crate) mod sum;
-mod vector_add;
 mod vector_div;
 mod vector_mul;
 mod vector_norm;
-mod vector_sub;

 use std::sync::Arc;

@@ -49,11 +48,10 @@ impl VectorFunction {
        registry.register(Arc::new(scalar_mul::ScalarMulFunction));

        // vector calculation
-        registry.register(Arc::new(vector_add::VectorAddFunction));
-        registry.register(Arc::new(vector_sub::VectorSubFunction));
        registry.register(Arc::new(vector_mul::VectorMulFunction));
-        registry.register(Arc::new(vector_div::VectorDivFunction));
        registry.register(Arc::new(vector_norm::VectorNormFunction));
+        registry.register(Arc::new(vector_div::VectorDivFunction));
+        registry.register(Arc::new(sub::SubFunction));
        registry.register(Arc::new(elem_sum::ElemSumFunction));
        registry.register(Arc::new(elem_product::ElemProductFunction));
    }
--- a/src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/vector_sub.rs
+++ b/src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/vector_sub.rs
@@ -42,10 +42,19 @@ const NAME: &str = "vec_sub";
 /// | [0,-1]                                                        |
 /// +---------------------------------------------------------------+
 ///
+/// -- Negative scalar to simulate subtraction
+/// SELECT vec_to_string(vec_sub('[-1.0, -1.0]', '[1.0, 2.0]'));
+///
+/// +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
+/// | vec_to_string(vec_sub(Utf8("[-1.0, -1.0]"),Utf8("[1.0, 2.0]"))) |
+/// +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
+/// | [-2,-3]                                                         |
+/// +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
+///
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
-pub struct VectorSubFunction;
+pub struct SubFunction;

-impl Function for VectorSubFunction {
+impl Function for SubFunction {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        NAME
    }
@@ -133,7 +142,7 @@ impl Function for VectorSubFunction {
    }
 }

-impl Display for VectorSubFunction {
+impl Display for SubFunction {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", NAME.to_ascii_uppercase())
    }
@@ -150,7 +159,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_sub() {
-        let func = VectorSubFunction;
+        let func = SubFunction;

        let input0 = Arc::new(StringVector::from(vec![
            Some("[1.0,2.0,3.0]".to_string()),
@@ -185,7 +194,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn test_sub_error() {
-        let func = VectorSubFunction;
+        let func = SubFunction;

        let input0 = Arc::new(StringVector::from(vec![
            Some("[1.0,2.0,3.0]".to_string()),
--- a/src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/vector_add.rs
+++ b/src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/vector_add.rs
@@ -1,214 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::borrow::Cow;
-use std::fmt::Display;
-
-use common_query::error::InvalidFuncArgsSnafu;
-use common_query::prelude::Signature;
-use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
-use datatypes::scalars::ScalarVectorBuilder;
-use datatypes::vectors::{BinaryVectorBuilder, MutableVector, VectorRef};
-use nalgebra::DVectorView;
-use snafu::ensure;
-
-use crate::function::{Function, FunctionContext};
-use crate::helper;
-use crate::scalars::vector::impl_conv::{as_veclit, as_veclit_if_const, veclit_to_binlit};
-
-const NAME: &str = "vec_add";
-
-/// Adds corresponding elements of two vectors, returns a vector.
-///
-/// # Example
-///
-/// ```sql
-/// SELECT vec_to_string(vec_add("[1.0, 1.0]", "[1.0, 2.0]")) as result;
-///
-/// +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-/// | vec_to_string(vec_add(Utf8("[1.0, 1.0]"),Utf8("[1.0, 2.0]"))) |
-/// +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-/// | [2,3]                                                         |
-/// +---------------------------------------------------------------+
-///
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
-pub struct VectorAddFunction;
-
-impl Function for VectorAddFunction {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        NAME
-    }
-
-    fn return_type(
-        &self,
-        _input_types: &[ConcreteDataType],
-    ) -> common_query::error::Result<ConcreteDataType> {
-        Ok(ConcreteDataType::binary_datatype())
-    }
-
-    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        helper::one_of_sigs2(
-            vec![
-                ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(),
-                ConcreteDataType::binary_datatype(),
-            ],
-            vec![
-                ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(),
-                ConcreteDataType::binary_datatype(),
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn eval(
-        &self,
-        _func_ctx: FunctionContext,
-        columns: &[VectorRef],
-    ) -> common_query::error::Result<VectorRef> {
-        ensure!(
-            columns.len() == 2,
-            InvalidFuncArgsSnafu {
-                err_msg: format!(
-                    "The length of the args is not correct, expect exactly two, have: {}",
-                    columns.len()
-                )
-            }
-        );
-        let arg0 = &columns[0];
-        let arg1 = &columns[1];
-
-        ensure!(
-            arg0.len() == arg1.len(),
-            InvalidFuncArgsSnafu {
-                err_msg: format!(
-                    "The lengths of the vector are not aligned, args 0: {}, args 1: {}",
-                    arg0.len(),
-                    arg1.len(),
-                )
-            }
-        );
-
-        let len = arg0.len();
-        let mut result = BinaryVectorBuilder::with_capacity(len);
-        if len == 0 {
-            return Ok(result.to_vector());
-        }
-
-        let arg0_const = as_veclit_if_const(arg0)?;
-        let arg1_const = as_veclit_if_const(arg1)?;
-
-        for i in 0..len {
-            let arg0 = match arg0_const.as_ref() {
-                Some(arg0) => Some(Cow::Borrowed(arg0.as_ref())),
-                None => as_veclit(arg0.get_ref(i))?,
-            };
-            let arg1 = match arg1_const.as_ref() {
-                Some(arg1) => Some(Cow::Borrowed(arg1.as_ref())),
-                None => as_veclit(arg1.get_ref(i))?,
-            };
-            let (Some(arg0), Some(arg1)) = (arg0, arg1) else {
-                result.push_null();
-                continue;
-            };
-            let vec0 = DVectorView::from_slice(&arg0, arg0.len());
-            let vec1 = DVectorView::from_slice(&arg1, arg1.len());
-
-            let vec_res = vec0 + vec1;
-            let veclit = vec_res.as_slice();
-            let binlit = veclit_to_binlit(veclit);
-            result.push(Some(&binlit));
-        }
-
-        Ok(result.to_vector())
-    }
-}
-
-impl Display for VectorAddFunction {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{}", NAME.to_ascii_uppercase())
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use std::sync::Arc;
-
-    use common_query::error::Error;
-    use datatypes::vectors::StringVector;
-
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_sub() {
-        let func = VectorAddFunction;
-
-        let input0 = Arc::new(StringVector::from(vec![
-            Some("[1.0,2.0,3.0]".to_string()),
-            Some("[4.0,5.0,6.0]".to_string()),
-            None,
-            Some("[2.0,3.0,3.0]".to_string()),
-        ]));
-        let input1 = Arc::new(StringVector::from(vec![
-            Some("[1.0,1.0,1.0]".to_string()),
-            Some("[6.0,5.0,4.0]".to_string()),
-            Some("[3.0,2.0,2.0]".to_string()),
-            None,
-        ]));
-
-        let result = func
-            .eval(FunctionContext::default(), &[input0, input1])
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let result = result.as_ref();
-        assert_eq!(result.len(), 4);
-        assert_eq!(
-            result.get_ref(0).as_binary().unwrap(),
-            Some(veclit_to_binlit(&[2.0, 3.0, 4.0]).as_slice())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            result.get_ref(1).as_binary().unwrap(),
-            Some(veclit_to_binlit(&[10.0, 10.0, 10.0]).as_slice())
-        );
-        assert!(result.get_ref(2).is_null());
-        assert!(result.get_ref(3).is_null());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_sub_error() {
-        let func = VectorAddFunction;
-
-        let input0 = Arc::new(StringVector::from(vec![
-            Some("[1.0,2.0,3.0]".to_string()),
-            Some("[4.0,5.0,6.0]".to_string()),
-            None,
-            Some("[2.0,3.0,3.0]".to_string()),
-        ]));
-        let input1 = Arc::new(StringVector::from(vec![
-            Some("[1.0,1.0,1.0]".to_string()),
-            Some("[6.0,5.0,4.0]".to_string()),
-            Some("[3.0,2.0,2.0]".to_string()),
-        ]));
-
-        let result = func.eval(FunctionContext::default(), &[input0, input1]);
-
-        match result {
-            Err(Error::InvalidFuncArgs { err_msg, .. }) => {
-                assert_eq!(
-                    err_msg,
-                    "The lengths of the vector are not aligned, args 0: 4, args 1: 3"
-                )
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/src/common/grpc-expr/src/alter.rs
+++ b/src/common/grpc-expr/src/alter.rs
@@ -15,14 +15,13 @@
 use api::helper::ColumnDataTypeWrapper;
 use api::v1::add_column_location::LocationType;
 use api::v1::alter_table_expr::Kind;
-use api::v1::column_def::{as_fulltext_option, as_skipping_index_type};
+use api::v1::column_def::as_fulltext_option;
 use api::v1::{
    column_def, AddColumnLocation as Location, AlterTableExpr, Analyzer, CreateTableExpr,
    DropColumns, ModifyColumnTypes, RenameTable, SemanticType,
-    SkippingIndexType as PbSkippingIndexType,
 };
 use common_query::AddColumnLocation;
-use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, FulltextOptions, RawSchema, SkippingIndexOptions};
+use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, FulltextOptions, RawSchema};
 use snafu::{ensure, OptionExt, ResultExt};
 use store_api::region_request::{SetRegionOption, UnsetRegionOption};
 use table::metadata::TableId;
@@ -32,8 +31,7 @@ use table::requests::{
 };

 use crate::error::{
-    InvalidColumnDefSnafu, InvalidSetFulltextOptionRequestSnafu,
-    InvalidSetSkippingIndexOptionRequestSnafu, InvalidSetTableOptionRequestSnafu,
+    InvalidColumnDefSnafu, InvalidSetFulltextOptionRequestSnafu, InvalidSetTableOptionRequestSnafu,
    InvalidUnsetTableOptionRequestSnafu, MissingAlterIndexOptionSnafu, MissingFieldSnafu,
    MissingTimestampColumnSnafu, Result, UnknownLocationTypeSnafu,
 };
@@ -139,18 +137,6 @@ pub fn alter_expr_to_request(table_id: TableId, expr: AlterTableExpr) -> Result<
                        column_name: i.column_name,
                    },
                },
-                api::v1::set_index::Options::Skipping(s) => AlterKind::SetIndex {
-                    options: SetIndexOptions::Skipping {
-                        column_name: s.column_name,
-                        options: SkippingIndexOptions {
-                            granularity: s.granularity as u32,
-                            index_type: as_skipping_index_type(
-                                PbSkippingIndexType::try_from(s.skipping_index_type)
-                                    .context(InvalidSetSkippingIndexOptionRequestSnafu)?,
-                            ),
-                        },
-                    },
-                },
            },
            None => return MissingAlterIndexOptionSnafu.fail(),
        },
@@ -166,11 +152,6 @@ pub fn alter_expr_to_request(table_id: TableId, expr: AlterTableExpr) -> Result<
                        column_name: i.column_name,
                    },
                },
-                api::v1::unset_index::Options::Skipping(s) => AlterKind::UnsetIndex {
-                    options: UnsetIndexOptions::Skipping {
-                        column_name: s.column_name,
-                    },
-                },
            },
            None => return MissingAlterIndexOptionSnafu.fail(),
        },
--- a/src/common/grpc-expr/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/common/grpc-expr/src/error.rs
@@ -140,14 +140,6 @@ pub enum Error {
        error: prost::UnknownEnumValue,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("Invalid set skipping index option request"))]
-    InvalidSetSkippingIndexOptionRequest {
-        #[snafu(implicit)]
-        location: Location,
-        #[snafu(source)]
-        error: prost::UnknownEnumValue,
-    },
-
    #[snafu(display("Missing alter index options"))]
    MissingAlterIndexOption {
        #[snafu(implicit)]
@@ -179,7 +171,6 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
            Error::InvalidSetTableOptionRequest { .. }
            | Error::InvalidUnsetTableOptionRequest { .. }
            | Error::InvalidSetFulltextOptionRequest { .. }
-            | Error::InvalidSetSkippingIndexOptionRequest { .. }
            | Error::MissingAlterIndexOption { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
        }
    }
--- a/src/common/grpc-expr/src/insert.rs
+++ b/src/common/grpc-expr/src/insert.rs
@@ -14,12 +14,37 @@

 use api::helper;
 use api::v1::column::Values;
+use api::v1::{Column, CreateTableExpr};
 use common_base::BitVec;
 use datatypes::data_type::{ConcreteDataType, DataType};
 use datatypes::prelude::VectorRef;
 use snafu::{ensure, ResultExt};
+use table::metadata::TableId;
+use table::table_reference::TableReference;

 use crate::error::{CreateVectorSnafu, Result, UnexpectedValuesLengthSnafu};
+use crate::util;
+use crate::util::ColumnExpr;
+
+/// Try to build create table request from insert data.
+pub fn build_create_expr_from_insertion(
+    catalog_name: &str,
+    schema_name: &str,
+    table_id: Option<TableId>,
+    table_name: &str,
+    columns: &[Column],
+    engine: &str,
+) -> Result<CreateTableExpr> {
+    let table_name = TableReference::full(catalog_name, schema_name, table_name);
+    let column_exprs = ColumnExpr::from_columns(columns);
+    util::build_create_table_expr(
+        table_id,
+        &table_name,
+        column_exprs,
+        engine,
+        "Created on insertion",
+    )
+}

 pub(crate) fn add_values_to_builder(
    data_type: ConcreteDataType,
@@ -62,7 +87,276 @@ fn is_null(null_mask: &BitVec, idx: usize) -> Option<bool> {

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+    use std::{assert_eq, vec};
+
+    use api::helper::ColumnDataTypeWrapper;
+    use api::v1::column::Values;
+    use api::v1::column_data_type_extension::TypeExt;
+    use api::v1::{
+        Column, ColumnDataType, ColumnDataTypeExtension, Decimal128, DecimalTypeExtension,
+        IntervalMonthDayNano, SemanticType,
+    };
+    use common_base::BitVec;
+    use common_catalog::consts::MITO_ENGINE;
+    use common_time::interval::IntervalUnit;
+    use common_time::timestamp::TimeUnit;
+    use datatypes::data_type::ConcreteDataType;
+    use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, SchemaBuilder};
+    use snafu::ResultExt;
+
    use super::*;
+    use crate::error;
+    use crate::error::ColumnDataTypeSnafu;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn build_column_schema(
+        column_name: &str,
+        datatype: i32,
+        nullable: bool,
+    ) -> error::Result<ColumnSchema> {
+        let datatype_wrapper =
+            ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(datatype, None).context(ColumnDataTypeSnafu)?;
+
+        Ok(ColumnSchema::new(
+            column_name,
+            datatype_wrapper.into(),
+            nullable,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_build_create_table_request() {
+        let table_id = Some(10);
+        let table_name = "test_metric";
+
+        assert!(
+            build_create_expr_from_insertion("", "", table_id, table_name, &[], MITO_ENGINE)
+                .is_err()
+        );
+
+        let insert_batch = mock_insert_batch();
+
+        let create_expr = build_create_expr_from_insertion(
+            "",
+            "",
+            table_id,
+            table_name,
+            &insert_batch.0,
+            MITO_ENGINE,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(table_id, create_expr.table_id.map(|x| x.id));
+        assert_eq!(table_name, create_expr.table_name);
+        assert_eq!("Created on insertion".to_string(), create_expr.desc);
+        assert_eq!(
+            vec![create_expr.column_defs[0].name.clone()],
+            create_expr.primary_keys
+        );
+
+        let column_defs = create_expr.column_defs;
+        assert_eq!(column_defs[5].name, create_expr.time_index);
+        assert_eq!(7, column_defs.len());
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    column_defs
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|c| c.name == "host")
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype(),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    column_defs
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|c| c.name == "cpu")
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype(),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    column_defs
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|c| c.name == "memory")
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::time_datatype(TimeUnit::Millisecond),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    column_defs
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|c| c.name == "time")
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::interval_datatype(IntervalUnit::MonthDayNano),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    column_defs
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|c| c.name == "interval")
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::timestamp_millisecond_datatype(),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    column_defs
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|c| c.name == "ts")
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+
+        let decimal_column = column_defs.iter().find(|c| c.name == "decimals").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::decimal128_datatype(38, 10),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    decimal_column.data_type,
+                    decimal_column.datatype_extension,
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_find_new_columns() {
+        let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(1);
+        let cpu_column = build_column_schema("cpu", 10, true).unwrap();
+        let ts_column = build_column_schema("ts", 15, false)
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_time_index(true);
+        columns.push(cpu_column);
+        columns.push(ts_column);
+
+        let schema = Arc::new(SchemaBuilder::try_from(columns).unwrap().build().unwrap());
+
+        assert!(
+            util::extract_new_columns(&schema, ColumnExpr::from_columns(&[]))
+                .unwrap()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+
+        let insert_batch = mock_insert_batch();
+
+        let add_columns =
+            util::extract_new_columns(&schema, ColumnExpr::from_columns(&insert_batch.0))
+                .unwrap()
+                .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(5, add_columns.add_columns.len());
+        let host_column = &add_columns.add_columns[0];
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    host_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
+
+        let memory_column = &add_columns.add_columns[1];
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype(),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    memory_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
+
+        let time_column = &add_columns.add_columns[2];
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::time_datatype(TimeUnit::Millisecond),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    time_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
+
+        let interval_column = &add_columns.add_columns[3];
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::interval_datatype(IntervalUnit::MonthDayNano),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    interval_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
+                    None
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
+
+        let decimal_column = &add_columns.add_columns[4];
+        assert_eq!(
+            ConcreteDataType::decimal128_datatype(38, 10),
+            ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+                    decimal_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
+                    decimal_column
+                        .column_def
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .datatype_extension
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
+    }

    #[test]
    fn test_is_null() {
@@ -77,4 +371,127 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(None, is_null(&null_mask, 16));
        assert_eq!(None, is_null(&null_mask, 99));
    }
+
+    fn mock_insert_batch() -> (Vec<Column>, u32) {
+        let row_count = 2;
+
+        let host_vals = Values {
+            string_values: vec!["host1".to_string(), "host2".to_string()],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let host_column = Column {
+            column_name: "host".to_string(),
+            semantic_type: SemanticType::Tag as i32,
+            values: Some(host_vals),
+            null_mask: vec![0],
+            datatype: ColumnDataType::String as i32,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let cpu_vals = Values {
+            f64_values: vec![0.31],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let cpu_column = Column {
+            column_name: "cpu".to_string(),
+            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+            values: Some(cpu_vals),
+            null_mask: vec![2],
+            datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let mem_vals = Values {
+            f64_values: vec![0.1],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let mem_column = Column {
+            column_name: "memory".to_string(),
+            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+            values: Some(mem_vals),
+            null_mask: vec![1],
+            datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let time_vals = Values {
+            time_millisecond_values: vec![100, 101],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let time_column = Column {
+            column_name: "time".to_string(),
+            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+            values: Some(time_vals),
+            null_mask: vec![0],
+            datatype: ColumnDataType::TimeMillisecond as i32,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let interval1 = IntervalMonthDayNano {
+            months: 1,
+            days: 2,
+            nanoseconds: 3,
+        };
+        let interval2 = IntervalMonthDayNano {
+            months: 4,
+            days: 5,
+            nanoseconds: 6,
+        };
+        let interval_vals = Values {
+            interval_month_day_nano_values: vec![interval1, interval2],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let interval_column = Column {
+            column_name: "interval".to_string(),
+            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+            values: Some(interval_vals),
+            null_mask: vec![0],
+            datatype: ColumnDataType::IntervalMonthDayNano as i32,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let ts_vals = Values {
+            timestamp_millisecond_values: vec![100, 101],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let ts_column = Column {
+            column_name: "ts".to_string(),
+            semantic_type: SemanticType::Timestamp as i32,
+            values: Some(ts_vals),
+            null_mask: vec![0],
+            datatype: ColumnDataType::TimestampMillisecond as i32,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let decimal_vals = Values {
+            decimal128_values: vec![Decimal128 { hi: 0, lo: 123 }, Decimal128 { hi: 0, lo: 456 }],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let decimal_column = Column {
+            column_name: "decimals".to_string(),
+            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+            values: Some(decimal_vals),
+            null_mask: vec![0],
+            datatype: ColumnDataType::Decimal128 as i32,
+            datatype_extension: Some(ColumnDataTypeExtension {
+                type_ext: Some(TypeExt::DecimalType(DecimalTypeExtension {
+                    precision: 38,
+                    scale: 10,
+                })),
+            }),
+            options: None,
+        };
+
+        (
+            vec![
+                host_column,
+                cpu_column,
+                mem_column,
+                time_column,
+                interval_column,
+                ts_column,
+                decimal_column,
+            ],
+            row_count,
+        )
+    }
 }
--- a/src/common/grpc-expr/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/common/grpc-expr/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,3 +19,4 @@ pub mod insert;
 pub mod util;

 pub use alter::{alter_expr_to_request, create_table_schema};
+pub use insert::build_create_expr_from_insertion;
--- a/src/common/grpc-expr/src/util.rs
+++ b/src/common/grpc-expr/src/util.rs
@@ -236,414 +236,3 @@ pub fn extract_new_columns(
        }))
    }
 }
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use std::sync::Arc;
-    use std::{assert_eq, vec};
-
-    use api::helper::ColumnDataTypeWrapper;
-    use api::v1::column::Values;
-    use api::v1::column_data_type_extension::TypeExt;
-    use api::v1::{
-        Column, ColumnDataType, ColumnDataTypeExtension, Decimal128, DecimalTypeExtension,
-        IntervalMonthDayNano, SemanticType,
-    };
-    use common_catalog::consts::MITO_ENGINE;
-    use common_time::interval::IntervalUnit;
-    use common_time::timestamp::TimeUnit;
-    use datatypes::data_type::ConcreteDataType;
-    use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, SchemaBuilder};
-    use snafu::ResultExt;
-
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::error;
-    use crate::error::ColumnDataTypeSnafu;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn build_column_schema(
-        column_name: &str,
-        datatype: i32,
-        nullable: bool,
-    ) -> error::Result<ColumnSchema> {
-        let datatype_wrapper =
-            ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(datatype, None).context(ColumnDataTypeSnafu)?;
-
-        Ok(ColumnSchema::new(
-            column_name,
-            datatype_wrapper.into(),
-            nullable,
-        ))
-    }
-
-    fn build_create_expr_from_insertion(
-        catalog_name: &str,
-        schema_name: &str,
-        table_id: Option<TableId>,
-        table_name: &str,
-        columns: &[Column],
-        engine: &str,
-    ) -> Result<CreateTableExpr> {
-        let table_name = TableReference::full(catalog_name, schema_name, table_name);
-        let column_exprs = ColumnExpr::from_columns(columns);
-        build_create_table_expr(
-            table_id,
-            &table_name,
-            column_exprs,
-            engine,
-            "Created on insertion",
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_build_create_table_request() {
-        let table_id = Some(10);
-        let table_name = "test_metric";
-
-        assert!(
-            build_create_expr_from_insertion("", "", table_id, table_name, &[], MITO_ENGINE)
-                .is_err()
-        );
-
-        let insert_batch = mock_insert_batch();
-
-        let create_expr = build_create_expr_from_insertion(
-            "",
-            "",
-            table_id,
-            table_name,
-            &insert_batch.0,
-            MITO_ENGINE,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(table_id, create_expr.table_id.map(|x| x.id));
-        assert_eq!(table_name, create_expr.table_name);
-        assert_eq!("Created on insertion".to_string(), create_expr.desc);
-        assert_eq!(
-            vec![create_expr.column_defs[0].name.clone()],
-            create_expr.primary_keys
-        );
-
-        let column_defs = create_expr.column_defs;
-        assert_eq!(column_defs[5].name, create_expr.time_index);
-        assert_eq!(7, column_defs.len());
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    column_defs
-                        .iter()
-                        .find(|c| c.name == "host")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype(),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    column_defs
-                        .iter()
-                        .find(|c| c.name == "cpu")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype(),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    column_defs
-                        .iter()
-                        .find(|c| c.name == "memory")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::time_datatype(TimeUnit::Millisecond),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    column_defs
-                        .iter()
-                        .find(|c| c.name == "time")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::interval_datatype(IntervalUnit::MonthDayNano),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    column_defs
-                        .iter()
-                        .find(|c| c.name == "interval")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::timestamp_millisecond_datatype(),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    column_defs
-                        .iter()
-                        .find(|c| c.name == "ts")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-
-        let decimal_column = column_defs.iter().find(|c| c.name == "decimals").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::decimal128_datatype(38, 10),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    decimal_column.data_type,
-                    decimal_column.datatype_extension,
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_find_new_columns() {
-        let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(1);
-        let cpu_column = build_column_schema("cpu", 10, true).unwrap();
-        let ts_column = build_column_schema("ts", 15, false)
-            .unwrap()
-            .with_time_index(true);
-        columns.push(cpu_column);
-        columns.push(ts_column);
-
-        let schema = Arc::new(SchemaBuilder::try_from(columns).unwrap().build().unwrap());
-
-        assert!(extract_new_columns(&schema, ColumnExpr::from_columns(&[]))
-            .unwrap()
-            .is_none());
-
-        let insert_batch = mock_insert_batch();
-
-        let add_columns = extract_new_columns(&schema, ColumnExpr::from_columns(&insert_batch.0))
-            .unwrap()
-            .unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(5, add_columns.add_columns.len());
-        let host_column = &add_columns.add_columns[0];
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    host_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
-
-        let memory_column = &add_columns.add_columns[1];
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype(),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    memory_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
-
-        let time_column = &add_columns.add_columns[2];
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::time_datatype(TimeUnit::Millisecond),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    time_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
-
-        let interval_column = &add_columns.add_columns[3];
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::interval_datatype(IntervalUnit::MonthDayNano),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    interval_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
-                    None
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
-
-        let decimal_column = &add_columns.add_columns[4];
-        assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::decimal128_datatype(38, 10),
-            ConcreteDataType::from(
-                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
-                    decimal_column.column_def.as_ref().unwrap().data_type,
-                    decimal_column
-                        .column_def
-                        .as_ref()
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .datatype_extension
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            )
-        );
-        assert!(host_column.add_if_not_exists);
-    }
-
-    fn mock_insert_batch() -> (Vec<Column>, u32) {
-        let row_count = 2;
-
-        let host_vals = Values {
-            string_values: vec!["host1".to_string(), "host2".to_string()],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let host_column = Column {
-            column_name: "host".to_string(),
-            semantic_type: SemanticType::Tag as i32,
-            values: Some(host_vals),
-            null_mask: vec![0],
-            datatype: ColumnDataType::String as i32,
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
-        let cpu_vals = Values {
-            f64_values: vec![0.31],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let cpu_column = Column {
-            column_name: "cpu".to_string(),
-            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
-            values: Some(cpu_vals),
-            null_mask: vec![2],
-            datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
-        let mem_vals = Values {
-            f64_values: vec![0.1],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let mem_column = Column {
-            column_name: "memory".to_string(),
-            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
-            values: Some(mem_vals),
-            null_mask: vec![1],
-            datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
-        let time_vals = Values {
-            time_millisecond_values: vec![100, 101],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let time_column = Column {
-            column_name: "time".to_string(),
-            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
-            values: Some(time_vals),
-            null_mask: vec![0],
-            datatype: ColumnDataType::TimeMillisecond as i32,
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
-        let interval1 = IntervalMonthDayNano {
-            months: 1,
-            days: 2,
-            nanoseconds: 3,
-        };
-        let interval2 = IntervalMonthDayNano {
-            months: 4,
-            days: 5,
-            nanoseconds: 6,
-        };
-        let interval_vals = Values {
-            interval_month_day_nano_values: vec![interval1, interval2],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let interval_column = Column {
-            column_name: "interval".to_string(),
-            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
-            values: Some(interval_vals),
-            null_mask: vec![0],
-            datatype: ColumnDataType::IntervalMonthDayNano as i32,
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
-        let ts_vals = Values {
-            timestamp_millisecond_values: vec![100, 101],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let ts_column = Column {
-            column_name: "ts".to_string(),
-            semantic_type: SemanticType::Timestamp as i32,
-            values: Some(ts_vals),
-            null_mask: vec![0],
-            datatype: ColumnDataType::TimestampMillisecond as i32,
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let decimal_vals = Values {
-            decimal128_values: vec![Decimal128 { hi: 0, lo: 123 }, Decimal128 { hi: 0, lo: 456 }],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let decimal_column = Column {
-            column_name: "decimals".to_string(),
-            semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
-            values: Some(decimal_vals),
-            null_mask: vec![0],
-            datatype: ColumnDataType::Decimal128 as i32,
-            datatype_extension: Some(ColumnDataTypeExtension {
-                type_ext: Some(TypeExt::DecimalType(DecimalTypeExtension {
-                    precision: 38,
-                    scale: 10,
-                })),
-            }),
-            options: None,
-        };
-
-        (
-            vec![
-                host_column,
-                cpu_column,
-                mem_column,
-                time_column,
-                interval_column,
-                ts_column,
-                decimal_column,
-            ],
-            row_count,
-        )
-    }
-}
--- a/src/common/meta/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/meta/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ license.workspace = true

 [features]
 testing = []
-pg_kvbackend = ["dep:tokio-postgres", "dep:backon", "dep:deadpool-postgres", "dep:deadpool"]
+pg_kvbackend = ["dep:tokio-postgres", "dep:backon"]

 [lints]
 workspace = true
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ common-wal.workspace = true
 datafusion-common.workspace = true
 datafusion-expr.workspace = true
 datatypes.workspace = true
-deadpool = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-deadpool-postgres = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+deadpool.workspace = true
+deadpool-postgres.workspace = true
 derive_builder.workspace = true
 etcd-client.workspace = true
 futures.workspace = true
--- a/src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_database/executor.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_database/executor.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.

 use std::any::Any;
-use std::collections::HashMap;

 use common_procedure::Status;
 use common_telemetry::info;
@@ -26,7 +25,6 @@ use super::cursor::DropDatabaseCursor;
 use super::{DropDatabaseContext, DropTableTarget};
 use crate::ddl::drop_database::State;
 use crate::ddl::drop_table::executor::DropTableExecutor;
-use crate::ddl::utils::extract_region_wal_options;
 use crate::ddl::DdlContext;
 use crate::error::{self, Result};
 use crate::key::table_route::TableRouteValue;
@@ -109,22 +107,8 @@ impl State for DropDatabaseExecutor {
            self.physical_table_id,
            self.physical_region_routes.clone(),
        );
-
-        // Deletes topic-region mapping if dropping physical table
-        let region_wal_options =
-            if let TableRouteValue::Physical(table_route_value) = &table_route_value {
-                let datanode_table_values = ddl_ctx
-                    .table_metadata_manager
-                    .datanode_table_manager()
-                    .regions(self.physical_table_id, table_route_value)
-                    .await?;
-                extract_region_wal_options(&datanode_table_values)?
-            } else {
-                HashMap::new()
-            };
-
        executor
-            .on_destroy_metadata(ddl_ctx, &table_route_value, &region_wal_options)
+            .on_destroy_metadata(ddl_ctx, &table_route_value)
            .await?;
        executor.invalidate_table_cache(ddl_ctx).await?;
        executor
--- a/src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_table.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_table.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@
 pub(crate) mod executor;
 mod metadata;

-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
 use common_procedure::error::{ExternalSnafu, FromJsonSnafu, ToJsonSnafu};
@@ -26,10 +24,8 @@ use common_procedure::{
 };
 use common_telemetry::info;
 use common_telemetry::tracing::warn;
-use common_wal::options::WalOptions;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
-use store_api::storage::RegionNumber;
 use strum::AsRefStr;
 use table::metadata::TableId;
 use table::table_reference::TableReference;
@@ -135,11 +131,7 @@ impl DropTableProcedure {
        );
        // Deletes table metadata logically.
        self.executor
-            .on_delete_metadata(
-                &self.context,
-                table_route_value,
-                &self.data.region_wal_options,
-            )
+            .on_delete_metadata(&self.context, table_route_value)
            .await?;
        info!("Deleted table metadata for table {table_id}");
        self.data.state = DropTableState::InvalidateTableCache;
@@ -171,11 +163,7 @@ impl DropTableProcedure {
            self.data.physical_region_routes.clone(),
        );
        self.executor
-            .on_delete_metadata_tombstone(
-                &self.context,
-                table_route_value,
-                &self.data.region_wal_options,
-            )
+            .on_delete_metadata_tombstone(&self.context, table_route_value)
            .await?;

        self.dropping_regions.clear();
@@ -255,11 +243,7 @@ impl Procedure for DropTableProcedure {
            self.data.physical_region_routes.clone(),
        );
        self.executor
-            .on_restore_metadata(
-                &self.context,
-                table_route_value,
-                &self.data.region_wal_options,
-            )
+            .on_restore_metadata(&self.context, table_route_value)
            .await
            .map_err(ProcedureError::external)
    }
@@ -273,8 +257,6 @@ pub struct DropTableData {
    pub physical_region_routes: Vec<RegionRoute>,
    pub physical_table_id: Option<TableId>,
    #[serde(default)]
-    pub region_wal_options: HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
-    #[serde(default)]
    pub allow_rollback: bool,
 }

@@ -286,7 +268,6 @@ impl DropTableData {
            task,
            physical_region_routes: vec![],
            physical_table_id: None,
-            region_wal_options: HashMap::new(),
            allow_rollback: false,
        }
    }
--- a/src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_table/executor.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_table/executor.rs
@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
 use api::v1::region::{
    region_request, DropRequest as PbDropRegionRequest, RegionRequest, RegionRequestHeader,
 };
@@ -21,10 +19,9 @@ use common_error::ext::ErrorExt;
 use common_error::status_code::StatusCode;
 use common_telemetry::debug;
 use common_telemetry::tracing_context::TracingContext;
-use common_wal::options::WalOptions;
 use futures::future::join_all;
 use snafu::ensure;
-use store_api::storage::{RegionId, RegionNumber};
+use store_api::storage::RegionId;
 use table::metadata::TableId;
 use table::table_name::TableName;

@@ -116,15 +113,9 @@ impl DropTableExecutor {
        &self,
        ctx: &DdlContext,
        table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
-        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        ctx.table_metadata_manager
-            .delete_table_metadata(
-                self.table_id,
-                &self.table,
-                table_route_value,
-                region_wal_options,
-            )
+            .delete_table_metadata(self.table_id, &self.table, table_route_value)
            .await
    }

@@ -133,15 +124,9 @@ impl DropTableExecutor {
        &self,
        ctx: &DdlContext,
        table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
-        region_wal_options: &HashMap<u32, WalOptions>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        ctx.table_metadata_manager
-            .delete_table_metadata_tombstone(
-                self.table_id,
-                &self.table,
-                table_route_value,
-                region_wal_options,
-            )
+            .delete_table_metadata_tombstone(self.table_id, &self.table, table_route_value)
            .await
    }

@@ -150,15 +135,9 @@ impl DropTableExecutor {
        &self,
        ctx: &DdlContext,
        table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
-        region_wal_options: &HashMap<u32, WalOptions>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        ctx.table_metadata_manager
-            .destroy_table_metadata(
-                self.table_id,
-                &self.table,
-                table_route_value,
-                region_wal_options,
-            )
+            .destroy_table_metadata(self.table_id, &self.table, table_route_value)
            .await?;

        let detecting_regions = if table_route_value.is_physical() {
@@ -177,15 +156,9 @@ impl DropTableExecutor {
        &self,
        ctx: &DdlContext,
        table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
-        region_wal_options: &HashMap<u32, WalOptions>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        ctx.table_metadata_manager
-            .restore_table_metadata(
-                self.table_id,
-                &self.table,
-                table_route_value,
-                region_wal_options,
-            )
+            .restore_table_metadata(self.table_id, &self.table, table_route_value)
            .await
    }

--- a/src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_table/metadata.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/ddl/drop_table/metadata.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ use snafu::OptionExt;
 use store_api::metric_engine_consts::METRIC_ENGINE_NAME;

 use crate::ddl::drop_table::DropTableProcedure;
-use crate::ddl::utils::extract_region_wal_options;
 use crate::error::{self, Result};

 impl DropTableProcedure {
@@ -31,6 +30,9 @@ impl DropTableProcedure {
            .get_physical_table_route(task.table_id)
            .await?;

+        self.data.physical_region_routes = physical_table_route_value.region_routes;
+        self.data.physical_table_id = Some(physical_table_id);
+
        if physical_table_id == self.data.table_id() {
            let table_info_value = self
                .context
@@ -45,21 +47,9 @@ impl DropTableProcedure {

            let engine = table_info_value.table_info.meta.engine;
            // rollback only if dropping the metric physical table fails
-            self.data.allow_rollback = engine.as_str() == METRIC_ENGINE_NAME;
-
-            // Deletes topic-region mapping if dropping physical table
-            let datanode_table_values = self
-                .context
-                .table_metadata_manager
-                .datanode_table_manager()
-                .regions(physical_table_id, &physical_table_route_value)
-                .await?;
-            self.data.region_wal_options = extract_region_wal_options(&datanode_table_values)?;
+            self.data.allow_rollback = engine.as_str() == METRIC_ENGINE_NAME
        }

-        self.data.physical_region_routes = physical_table_route_value.region_routes;
-        self.data.physical_table_id = Some(physical_table_id);
-
        Ok(())
    }
 }
--- a/src/common/meta/src/ddl/tests/create_view.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/ddl/tests/create_view.rs
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ async fn test_replace_view_metadata() {
        assert_eq!(err.status_code(), StatusCode::TableAlreadyExists);
    }

-    // Set `or_replace` to be `true` and try again
+    // Set `or_replce` to be `true` and try again
    task.create_view.or_replace = true;
    task.create_view.logical_plan = vec![4, 5, 6];
    task.create_view.definition = "new_definition".to_string();
--- a/src/common/meta/src/ddl/utils.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/ddl/utils.rs
@@ -12,23 +12,16 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
 use common_catalog::consts::METRIC_ENGINE;
 use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
 use common_procedure::error::Error as ProcedureError;
-use common_wal::options::WalOptions;
 use snafu::{ensure, OptionExt, ResultExt};
 use store_api::metric_engine_consts::LOGICAL_TABLE_METADATA_KEY;
-use store_api::storage::RegionNumber;
 use table::metadata::TableId;
 use table::table_reference::TableReference;

 use crate::ddl::DetectingRegion;
-use crate::error::{
-    Error, OperateDatanodeSnafu, ParseWalOptionsSnafu, Result, TableNotFoundSnafu, UnsupportedSnafu,
-};
-use crate::key::datanode_table::DatanodeTableValue;
+use crate::error::{Error, OperateDatanodeSnafu, Result, TableNotFoundSnafu, UnsupportedSnafu};
 use crate::key::table_name::TableNameKey;
 use crate::key::TableMetadataManagerRef;
 use crate::peer::Peer;
@@ -158,32 +151,6 @@ pub fn convert_region_routes_to_detecting_regions(
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
 }

-/// Parses [WalOptions] from serialized strings in hashmap.
-pub fn parse_region_wal_options(
-    serialized_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, String>,
-) -> Result<HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>> {
-    let mut region_wal_options = HashMap::with_capacity(serialized_options.len());
-    for (region_number, wal_options) in serialized_options {
-        let wal_option = serde_json::from_str::<WalOptions>(wal_options)
-            .context(ParseWalOptionsSnafu { wal_options })?;
-        region_wal_options.insert(*region_number, wal_option);
-    }
-    Ok(region_wal_options)
-}
-
-/// Extracts region wal options from [DatanodeTableValue]s.
-pub fn extract_region_wal_options(
-    datanode_table_values: &Vec<DatanodeTableValue>,
-) -> Result<HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>> {
-    let mut region_wal_options = HashMap::new();
-    for value in datanode_table_values {
-        let serialized_options = &value.region_info.region_wal_options;
-        let parsed_options = parse_region_wal_options(serialized_options)?;
-        region_wal_options.extend(parsed_options);
-    }
-    Ok(region_wal_options)
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
--- a/src/common/meta/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/error.rs
@@ -686,8 +686,8 @@ pub enum Error {
    },

    #[cfg(feature = "pg_kvbackend")]
-    #[snafu(display("Rds transaction retry failed"))]
-    RdsTransactionRetryFailed {
+    #[snafu(display("Postgres transaction retry failed"))]
+    PostgresTransactionRetryFailed {
        #[snafu(implicit)]
        location: Location,
    },
@@ -710,15 +710,6 @@ pub enum Error {
        #[snafu(implicit)]
        location: Location,
    },
-
-    #[snafu(display("Failed to parse wal options: {}", wal_options))]
-    ParseWalOptions {
-        wal_options: String,
-        #[snafu(implicit)]
-        location: Location,
-        #[snafu(source)]
-        error: serde_json::Error,
-    },
 }

 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
@@ -771,8 +762,7 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
            | UnexpectedLogicalRouteTable { .. }
            | ProcedureOutput { .. }
            | FromUtf8 { .. }
-            | MetadataCorruption { .. }
-            | ParseWalOptions { .. } => StatusCode::Unexpected,
+            | MetadataCorruption { .. } => StatusCode::Unexpected,

            SendMessage { .. } | GetKvCache { .. } | CacheNotGet { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,

@@ -824,7 +814,7 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
            | CreatePostgresPool { .. }
            | GetPostgresConnection { .. }
            | PostgresTransaction { .. }
-            | RdsTransactionRetryFailed { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
+            | PostgresTransactionRetryFailed { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
            Error::DatanodeTableInfoNotFound { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
        }
    }
--- a/src/common/meta/src/key.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/key.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 //!     - This key is mainly used in constructing the view in Datanode and Frontend.
 //!
 //! 12. Kafka topic key: `__topic_name/kafka/{topic_name}`
-//!     - The key is used to mark existing topics in kafka for WAL.
+//！    - The key is used to mark existing topics in kafka for WAL.
 //!
 //! 13. Topic name to region map key `__topic_region/{topic_name}/{region_id}`
 //!     - Mapping {topic_name} to {region_id}
@@ -122,7 +122,6 @@ use common_catalog::consts::{
    DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_PRIVATE_SCHEMA_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME,
 };
 use common_telemetry::warn;
-use common_wal::options::WalOptions;
 use datanode_table::{DatanodeTableKey, DatanodeTableManager, DatanodeTableValue};
 use flow::flow_route::FlowRouteValue;
 use flow::table_flow::TableFlowValue;
@@ -137,7 +136,6 @@ use table::metadata::{RawTableInfo, TableId};
 use table::table_name::TableName;
 use table_info::{TableInfoKey, TableInfoManager, TableInfoValue};
 use table_name::{TableNameKey, TableNameManager, TableNameValue};
-use topic_region::{TopicRegionKey, TopicRegionManager};
 use view_info::{ViewInfoKey, ViewInfoManager, ViewInfoValue};

 use self::catalog_name::{CatalogManager, CatalogNameKey, CatalogNameValue};
@@ -308,7 +306,6 @@ pub struct TableMetadataManager {
    schema_manager: SchemaManager,
    table_route_manager: TableRouteManager,
    tombstone_manager: TombstoneManager,
-    topic_region_manager: TopicRegionManager,
    kv_backend: KvBackendRef,
 }

@@ -459,7 +456,6 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
            schema_manager: SchemaManager::new(kv_backend.clone()),
            table_route_manager: TableRouteManager::new(kv_backend.clone()),
            tombstone_manager: TombstoneManager::new(kv_backend.clone()),
-            topic_region_manager: TopicRegionManager::new(kv_backend.clone()),
            kv_backend,
        }
    }
@@ -652,15 +648,10 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
            .table_route_storage()
            .build_create_txn(table_id, &table_route_value)?;

-        let create_topic_region_txn = self
-            .topic_region_manager
-            .build_create_txn(table_id, &region_wal_options)?;
-
        let mut txn = Txn::merge_all(vec![
            create_table_name_txn,
            create_table_info_txn,
            create_table_route_txn,
-            create_topic_region_txn,
        ]);

        if let TableRouteValue::Physical(x) = &table_route_value {
@@ -794,7 +785,6 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
        table_id: TableId,
        table_name: &TableName,
        table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
-        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
    ) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>> {
        // Builds keys
        let datanode_ids = if table_route_value.is_physical() {
@@ -816,22 +806,13 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
            .into_iter()
            .map(|datanode_id| DatanodeTableKey::new(datanode_id, table_id))
            .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-        let topic_region_map = self
-            .topic_region_manager
-            .get_topic_region_mapping(table_id, region_wal_options);
-        let topic_region_keys = topic_region_map
-            .iter()
-            .map(|(region_id, topic)| TopicRegionKey::new(*region_id, topic))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
        keys.push(table_name.to_bytes());
        keys.push(table_info_key.to_bytes());
        keys.push(table_route_key.to_bytes());
        for key in &datanode_table_keys {
            keys.push(key.to_bytes());
        }
-        for key in topic_region_keys {
-            keys.push(key.to_bytes());
-        }
        Ok(keys)
    }

@@ -842,10 +823,8 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
        table_id: TableId,
        table_name: &TableName,
        table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
-        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let keys =
-            self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value, region_wal_options)?;
+        let keys = self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value)?;
        self.tombstone_manager.create(keys).await
    }

@@ -856,11 +835,9 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
        table_id: TableId,
        table_name: &TableName,
        table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
-        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let table_metadata_keys =
-            self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value, region_wal_options)?;
-        self.tombstone_manager.delete(table_metadata_keys).await
+        let keys = self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value)?;
+        self.tombstone_manager.delete(keys).await
    }

    /// Restores metadata for table.
@@ -870,10 +847,8 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
        table_id: TableId,
        table_name: &TableName,
        table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
-        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let keys =
-            self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value, region_wal_options)?;
+        let keys = self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value)?;
        self.tombstone_manager.restore(keys).await
    }

@@ -884,10 +859,8 @@ impl TableMetadataManager {
        table_id: TableId,
        table_name: &TableName,
        table_route_value: &TableRouteValue,
-        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let keys =
-            self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value, region_wal_options)?;
+        let keys = self.table_metadata_keys(table_id, table_name, table_route_value)?;
        let _ = self
            .kv_backend
            .batch_delete(BatchDeleteRequest::new().with_keys(keys))
@@ -1336,9 +1309,8 @@ mod tests {
    use bytes::Bytes;
    use common_catalog::consts::{DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME};
    use common_time::util::current_time_millis;
-    use common_wal::options::{KafkaWalOptions, WalOptions};
    use futures::TryStreamExt;
-    use store_api::storage::{RegionId, RegionNumber};
+    use store_api::storage::RegionId;
    use table::metadata::{RawTableInfo, TableInfo};
    use table::table_name::TableName;

@@ -1351,15 +1323,10 @@ mod tests {
    use crate::key::table_info::TableInfoValue;
    use crate::key::table_name::TableNameKey;
    use crate::key::table_route::TableRouteValue;
-    use crate::key::{
-        DeserializedValueWithBytes, TableMetadataManager, ViewInfoValue, TOPIC_REGION_PREFIX,
-    };
+    use crate::key::{DeserializedValueWithBytes, TableMetadataManager, ViewInfoValue};
    use crate::kv_backend::memory::MemoryKvBackend;
-    use crate::kv_backend::KvBackend;
    use crate::peer::Peer;
    use crate::rpc::router::{region_distribution, LeaderState, Region, RegionRoute};
-    use crate::rpc::store::RangeRequest;
-    use crate::wal_options_allocator::{allocate_region_wal_options, WalOptionsAllocator};

    #[test]
    fn test_deserialized_value_with_bytes() {
@@ -1431,63 +1398,16 @@ mod tests {
        table_metadata_manager: &TableMetadataManager,
        table_info: RawTableInfo,
        region_routes: Vec<RegionRoute>,
-        region_wal_options: HashMap<RegionNumber, String>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        table_metadata_manager
            .create_table_metadata(
                table_info,
                TableRouteValue::physical(region_routes),
-                region_wal_options,
+                HashMap::default(),
            )
            .await
    }

-    fn create_mock_region_wal_options() -> HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions> {
-        let topics = (0..2)
-            .map(|i| format!("greptimedb_topic{}", i))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let wal_options = topics
-            .iter()
-            .map(|topic| {
-                WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
-                    topic: topic.clone(),
-                })
-            })
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-        (0..16)
-            .enumerate()
-            .map(|(i, region_number)| (region_number, wal_options[i % wal_options.len()].clone()))
-            .collect()
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_raft_engine_topic_region_map() {
-        let mem_kv = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
-        let table_metadata_manager = TableMetadataManager::new(mem_kv.clone());
-        let region_route = new_test_region_route();
-        let region_routes = &vec![region_route.clone()];
-        let table_info: RawTableInfo =
-            new_test_table_info(region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())).into();
-        let wal_allocator = WalOptionsAllocator::RaftEngine;
-        let regions = (0..16).collect();
-        let region_wal_options = allocate_region_wal_options(regions, &wal_allocator).unwrap();
-        create_physical_table_metadata(
-            &table_metadata_manager,
-            table_info.clone(),
-            region_routes.clone(),
-            region_wal_options.clone(),
-        )
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let topic_region_key = TOPIC_REGION_PREFIX.to_string();
-        let range_req = RangeRequest::new().with_prefix(topic_region_key);
-        let resp = mem_kv.range(range_req).await.unwrap();
-        // Should be empty because the topic region map is empty for raft engine.
-        assert!(resp.kvs.is_empty());
-    }
-
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_create_table_metadata() {
        let mem_kv = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
@@ -1496,17 +1416,11 @@ mod tests {
        let region_routes = &vec![region_route.clone()];
        let table_info: RawTableInfo =
            new_test_table_info(region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())).into();
-        let region_wal_options = create_mock_region_wal_options()
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|(k, v)| (k, serde_json::to_string(&v).unwrap()))
-            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
-
        // creates metadata.
        create_physical_table_metadata(
            &table_metadata_manager,
            table_info.clone(),
            region_routes.clone(),
-            region_wal_options.clone(),
        )
        .await
        .unwrap();
@@ -1516,7 +1430,6 @@ mod tests {
            &table_metadata_manager,
            table_info.clone(),
            region_routes.clone(),
-            region_wal_options.clone(),
        )
        .await
        .is_ok());
@@ -1527,8 +1440,7 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(create_physical_table_metadata(
            &table_metadata_manager,
            table_info.clone(),
-            modified_region_routes,
-            region_wal_options.clone(),
+            modified_region_routes
        )
        .await
        .is_err());
@@ -1550,19 +1462,6 @@ mod tests {
                .unwrap(),
            region_routes
        );
-
-        for i in 0..2 {
-            let region_number = i as u32;
-            let region_id = RegionId::new(table_info.ident.table_id, region_number);
-            let topic = format!("greptimedb_topic{}", i);
-            let regions = table_metadata_manager
-                .topic_region_manager
-                .regions(&topic)
-                .await
-                .unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(regions.len(), 8);
-            assert_eq!(regions[0], region_id);
-        }
    }

    #[tokio::test]
@@ -1658,18 +1557,12 @@ mod tests {
            new_test_table_info(region_routes.iter().map(|r| r.region.id.region_number())).into();
        let table_id = table_info.ident.table_id;
        let datanode_id = 2;
-        let region_wal_options = create_mock_region_wal_options();
-        let serialized_region_wal_options = region_wal_options
-            .iter()
-            .map(|(k, v)| (*k, serde_json::to_string(v).unwrap()))
-            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();

        // creates metadata.
        create_physical_table_metadata(
            &table_metadata_manager,
            table_info.clone(),
            region_routes.clone(),
-            serialized_region_wal_options,
        )
        .await
        .unwrap();
@@ -1682,22 +1575,12 @@ mod tests {
        let table_route_value = &TableRouteValue::physical(region_routes.clone());
        // deletes metadata.
        table_metadata_manager
-            .delete_table_metadata(
-                table_id,
-                &table_name,
-                table_route_value,
-                &region_wal_options,
-            )
+            .delete_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, table_route_value)
            .await
            .unwrap();
        // Should be ignored.
        table_metadata_manager
-            .delete_table_metadata(
-                table_id,
-                &table_name,
-                table_route_value,
-                &region_wal_options,
-            )
+            .delete_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, table_route_value)
            .await
            .unwrap();
        assert!(table_metadata_manager
@@ -1734,19 +1617,6 @@ mod tests {
            .await
            .unwrap();
        assert!(table_route.is_none());
-        // Logical delete removes the topic region mapping as well.
-        let regions = table_metadata_manager
-            .topic_region_manager
-            .regions("greptimedb_topic0")
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(regions.len(), 0);
-        let regions = table_metadata_manager
-            .topic_region_manager
-            .regions("greptimedb_topic1")
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(regions.len(), 0);
    }

    #[tokio::test]
@@ -1763,7 +1633,6 @@ mod tests {
            &table_metadata_manager,
            table_info.clone(),
            region_routes.clone(),
-            HashMap::new(),
        )
        .await
        .unwrap();
@@ -1836,7 +1705,6 @@ mod tests {
            &table_metadata_manager,
            table_info.clone(),
            region_routes.clone(),
-            HashMap::new(),
        )
        .await
        .unwrap();
@@ -1922,7 +1790,6 @@ mod tests {
            &table_metadata_manager,
            table_info.clone(),
            region_routes.clone(),
-            HashMap::new(),
        )
        .await
        .unwrap();
@@ -2003,7 +1870,6 @@ mod tests {
            &table_metadata_manager,
            table_info.clone(),
            region_routes.clone(),
-            HashMap::new(),
        )
        .await
        .unwrap();
@@ -2114,11 +1980,7 @@ mod tests {
        let table_id = 1025;
        let table_name = "foo";
        let task = test_create_table_task(table_name, table_id);
-        let options = create_mock_region_wal_options();
-        let serialized_options = options
-            .iter()
-            .map(|(k, v)| (*k, serde_json::to_string(v).unwrap()))
-            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+        let options = [(0, "test".to_string())].into();
        table_metadata_manager
            .create_table_metadata(
                task.table_info,
@@ -2145,7 +2007,7 @@ mod tests {
                        leader_down_since: None,
                    },
                ]),
-                serialized_options,
+                options,
            )
            .await
            .unwrap();
@@ -2158,7 +2020,7 @@ mod tests {
            .unwrap()
            .unwrap();
        table_metadata_manager
-            .destroy_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value, &options)
+            .destroy_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value)
            .await
            .unwrap();
        assert!(mem_kv.is_empty());
@@ -2171,11 +2033,7 @@ mod tests {
        let table_id = 1025;
        let table_name = "foo";
        let task = test_create_table_task(table_name, table_id);
-        let options = create_mock_region_wal_options();
-        let serialized_options = options
-            .iter()
-            .map(|(k, v)| (*k, serde_json::to_string(v).unwrap()))
-            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+        let options = [(0, "test".to_string())].into();
        table_metadata_manager
            .create_table_metadata(
                task.table_info,
@@ -2202,7 +2060,7 @@ mod tests {
                        leader_down_since: None,
                    },
                ]),
-                serialized_options,
+                options,
            )
            .await
            .unwrap();
@@ -2218,18 +2076,18 @@ mod tests {
        let table_name = TableName::new(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, table_name);
        let table_route_value = TableRouteValue::physical(region_routes.clone());
        table_metadata_manager
-            .delete_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value, &options)
+            .delete_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value)
            .await
            .unwrap();
        table_metadata_manager
-            .restore_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value, &options)
+            .restore_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value)
            .await
            .unwrap();
        let kvs = mem_kv.dump();
        assert_eq!(kvs, expected_result);
        // Should be ignored.
        table_metadata_manager
-            .restore_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value, &options)
+            .restore_table_metadata(table_id, &table_name, &table_route_value)
            .await
            .unwrap();
        let kvs = mem_kv.dump();
--- a/src/common/meta/src/key/datanode_table.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/key/datanode_table.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ use snafu::OptionExt;
 use store_api::storage::RegionNumber;
 use table::metadata::TableId;

-use super::table_route::PhysicalTableRouteValue;
 use super::MetadataKey;
 use crate::error::{DatanodeTableInfoNotFoundSnafu, InvalidMetadataSnafu, Result};
 use crate::key::{
@@ -30,8 +29,7 @@ use crate::key::{
 use crate::kv_backend::txn::{Txn, TxnOp};
 use crate::kv_backend::KvBackendRef;
 use crate::range_stream::{PaginationStream, DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE};
-use crate::rpc::router::region_distribution;
-use crate::rpc::store::{BatchGetRequest, RangeRequest};
+use crate::rpc::store::RangeRequest;
 use crate::rpc::KeyValue;
 use crate::DatanodeId;

@@ -174,26 +172,6 @@ impl DatanodeTableManager {
        Box::pin(stream)
    }

-    /// Find the [DatanodeTableValue]s for the given [TableId] and [PhysicalTableRouteValue].
-    pub async fn regions(
-        &self,
-        table_id: TableId,
-        table_routes: &PhysicalTableRouteValue,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<DatanodeTableValue>> {
-        let keys = region_distribution(&table_routes.region_routes)
-            .into_keys()
-            .map(|datanode_id| DatanodeTableKey::new(datanode_id, table_id))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let req = BatchGetRequest {
-            keys: keys.iter().map(|k| k.to_bytes()).collect(),
-        };
-        let resp = self.kv_backend.batch_get(req).await?;
-        resp.kvs
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(datanode_table_value_decoder)
-            .collect()
-    }
-
    /// Builds the create datanode table transactions. It only executes while the primary keys comparing successes.
    pub fn build_create_txn(
        &self,
--- a/src/common/meta/src/key/flow/flow_name.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/key/flow/flow_name.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-use common_telemetry::warn;
 use futures::stream::BoxStream;
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use regex::Regex;
@@ -38,12 +37,6 @@ lazy_static! {
        "^{FLOW_NAME_KEY_PREFIX}/({NAME_PATTERN})/({NAME_PATTERN})$"
    ))
    .unwrap();
-
-    /// for compatibility with older flow name with less strict name pattern
-    static ref COMPAT_FLOW_NAME_KEY_PATTERN: Regex = Regex::new(&format!(
-        "^{FLOW_NAME_KEY_PREFIX}/({NAME_PATTERN})/(.*)$"
-    ))
-    .unwrap();
 }

 /// The key of mapping {flow_name} to [FlowId].
@@ -121,18 +114,12 @@ impl<'a> MetadataKey<'a, FlowNameKeyInner<'a>> for FlowNameKeyInner<'_> {
            }
            .build()
        })?;
-        let captures = FLOW_NAME_KEY_PATTERN
-            .captures(key)
-            .or_else(|| {
-                warn!(
-                    "FlowNameKeyInner '{}' is not a valid flow name in newer version.",
-                    key
-                );
-                COMPAT_FLOW_NAME_KEY_PATTERN.captures(key)
-            })
-            .context(error::InvalidMetadataSnafu {
-                err_msg: format!("Invalid FlowNameKeyInner '{key}'"),
-            })?;
+        let captures =
+            FLOW_NAME_KEY_PATTERN
+                .captures(key)
+                .context(error::InvalidMetadataSnafu {
+                    err_msg: format!("Invalid FlowNameKeyInner '{key}'"),
+                })?;
        // Safety: pass the regex check above
        let catalog_name = captures.get(1).unwrap().as_str();
        let flow_name = captures.get(2).unwrap().as_str();
@@ -297,12 +284,6 @@ mod tests {
        let key = FlowNameKey::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(key.catalog(), "my_catalog");
        assert_eq!(key.flow_name(), "my_task");
-
-        // compatibility with older version
-        let bytes = b"__flow/name/my_catalog/a/`b`".to_vec();
-        let key = FlowNameKey::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(key.catalog(), "my_catalog");
-        assert_eq!(key.flow_name(), "a/`b`");
    }
    #[test]
    fn test_key_start_range() {
--- a/src/common/meta/src/key/topic_region.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/key/topic_region.rs
@@ -26,25 +26,18 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt::{self, Display};

-use common_wal::options::WalOptions;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use snafu::OptionExt;
-use store_api::storage::{RegionId, RegionNumber};
-use table::metadata::TableId;
+use store_api::storage::RegionId;

-use crate::ddl::utils::parse_region_wal_options;
 use crate::error::{Error, InvalidMetadataSnafu, Result};
 use crate::key::{MetadataKey, TOPIC_REGION_PATTERN, TOPIC_REGION_PREFIX};
-use crate::kv_backend::txn::{Txn, TxnOp};
 use crate::kv_backend::KvBackendRef;
-use crate::rpc::store::{BatchDeleteRequest, BatchPutRequest, PutRequest, RangeRequest};
+use crate::rpc::store::{BatchPutRequest, PutRequest, RangeRequest};
 use crate::rpc::KeyValue;

-// The TopicRegionKey is a key for the topic-region mapping in the kvbackend.
-// The layout of the key is `__topic_region/{topic_name}/{region_id}`.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct TopicRegionKey<'a> {
    pub region_id: RegionId,
@@ -60,7 +53,7 @@ impl<'a> TopicRegionKey<'a> {
    }

    pub fn range_topic_key(topic: &str) -> String {
-        format!("{}/{}/", TOPIC_REGION_PREFIX, topic)
+        format!("{}/{}", TOPIC_REGION_PREFIX, topic)
    }
 }

@@ -87,7 +80,7 @@ impl Display for TopicRegionKey<'_> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(
            f,
-            "{}{}",
+            "{}/{}",
            Self::range_topic_key(self.topic),
            self.region_id.as_u64()
        )
@@ -158,24 +151,6 @@ impl TopicRegionManager {
        Ok(())
    }

-    pub fn build_create_txn(
-        &self,
-        table_id: TableId,
-        region_wal_options: &HashMap<RegionNumber, String>,
-    ) -> Result<Txn> {
-        let region_wal_options = parse_region_wal_options(region_wal_options)?;
-        let topic_region_mapping = self.get_topic_region_mapping(table_id, &region_wal_options);
-        let topic_region_keys = topic_region_mapping
-            .iter()
-            .map(|(topic, region_id)| TopicRegionKey::new(*topic, region_id))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let operations = topic_region_keys
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|key| TxnOp::Put(key.to_bytes(), vec![]))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        Ok(Txn::new().and_then(operations))
-    }
-
    /// Returns the list of region ids using specified topic.
    pub async fn regions(&self, topic: &str) -> Result<Vec<RegionId>> {
        let prefix = TopicRegionKey::range_topic_key(topic);
@@ -194,49 +169,12 @@ impl TopicRegionManager {
        self.kv_backend.delete(&raw_key, false).await?;
        Ok(())
    }
-
-    pub async fn batch_delete(&self, keys: Vec<TopicRegionKey<'_>>) -> Result<()> {
-        let raw_keys = keys.iter().map(|key| key.to_bytes()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let req = BatchDeleteRequest {
-            keys: raw_keys,
-            prev_kv: false,
-        };
-        self.kv_backend.batch_delete(req).await?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Retrieves a mapping of [`RegionId`]s to their corresponding topics name
-    /// based on the provided table ID and WAL options.
-    ///
-    /// # Returns
-    /// A vector of tuples, where each tuple contains a [`RegionId`] and its corresponding topic name.
-    pub fn get_topic_region_mapping<'a>(
-        &self,
-        table_id: TableId,
-        region_wal_options: &'a HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions>,
-    ) -> Vec<(RegionId, &'a str)> {
-        region_wal_options
-            .keys()
-            .filter_map(
-                |region_number| match region_wal_options.get(region_number) {
-                    Some(WalOptions::Kafka(kafka)) => {
-                        let region_id = RegionId::new(table_id, *region_number);
-                        Some((region_id, kafka.topic.as_str()))
-                    }
-                    Some(WalOptions::RaftEngine) => None,
-                    None => None,
-                },
-            )
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-    }
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use std::sync::Arc;

-    use common_wal::options::KafkaWalOptions;
-
    use super::*;
    use crate::kv_backend::memory::MemoryKvBackend;

@@ -282,45 +220,4 @@ mod tests {
        key_values.sort_by_key(|id| id.as_u64());
        assert_eq!(key_values, expected);
    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_topic_region_map() {
-        let kv_backend = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
-        let manager = TopicRegionManager::new(kv_backend.clone());
-
-        let table_id = 1;
-        let region_wal_options = (0..64)
-            .map(|i| {
-                let region_number = i;
-                let wal_options = if i % 2 == 0 {
-                    WalOptions::Kafka(KafkaWalOptions {
-                        topic: format!("topic_{}", i),
-                    })
-                } else {
-                    WalOptions::RaftEngine
-                };
-                (region_number, serde_json::to_string(&wal_options).unwrap())
-            })
-            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
-
-        let region_wal_options = parse_region_wal_options(&region_wal_options).unwrap();
-        let mut topic_region_mapping =
-            manager.get_topic_region_mapping(table_id, &region_wal_options);
-        let mut expected = (0..64)
-            .filter_map(|i| {
-                if i % 2 == 0 {
-                    Some((RegionId::new(table_id, i), format!("topic_{}", i)))
-                } else {
-                    None
-                }
-            })
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        topic_region_mapping.sort_by_key(|(region_id, _)| region_id.as_u64());
-        let topic_region_map = topic_region_mapping
-            .iter()
-            .map(|(region_id, topic)| (*region_id, topic.to_string()))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        expected.sort_by_key(|(region_id, _)| region_id.as_u64());
-        assert_eq!(topic_region_map, expected);
-    }
 }
--- a/src/common/meta/src/kv_backend.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/kv_backend.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub mod chroot;
 pub mod etcd;
 pub mod memory;
 #[cfg(feature = "pg_kvbackend")]
-pub mod rds;
+pub mod postgres;
 pub mod test;
 pub mod txn;

--- a/src/common/meta/src/kv_backend/postgres.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/kv_backend/postgres.rs
--- a/src/common/meta/src/kv_backend/rds.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/kv_backend/rds.rs
@@ -1,548 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::any::Any;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-use std::time::Duration;
-
-use backon::{BackoffBuilder, ExponentialBuilder};
-use common_telemetry::debug;
-
-use crate::error::{Error, RdsTransactionRetryFailedSnafu, Result};
-use crate::kv_backend::txn::{
-    Compare, Txn as KvTxn, TxnOp, TxnOpResponse, TxnResponse as KvTxnResponse,
-};
-use crate::kv_backend::{KvBackend, TxnService};
-use crate::metrics::METRIC_META_TXN_REQUEST;
-use crate::rpc::store::{
-    BatchDeleteRequest, BatchDeleteResponse, BatchGetRequest, BatchGetResponse, BatchPutRequest,
-    BatchPutResponse, DeleteRangeRequest, DeleteRangeResponse, PutRequest, PutResponse,
-    RangeRequest, RangeResponse,
-};
-use crate::rpc::KeyValue;
-
-mod postgres;
-
-pub use postgres::PgStore;
-
-const RDS_STORE_TXN_RETRY_COUNT: usize = 3;
-
-/// Query executor for rds. It can execute queries or generate a transaction executor.
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-pub trait Executor: Send + Sync {
-    type Transaction<'a>: 'a + Transaction<'a>
-    where
-        Self: 'a;
-
-    fn name() -> &'static str;
-
-    async fn query(&mut self, query: &str, params: &[&Vec<u8>]) -> Result<Vec<KeyValue>>;
-
-    /// Some queries don't need to return any result, such as `DELETE`.
-    async fn execute(&mut self, query: &str, params: &[&Vec<u8>]) -> Result<()> {
-        self.query(query, params).await?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn txn_executor<'a>(&'a mut self) -> Result<Self::Transaction<'a>>;
-}
-
-/// Transaction query executor for rds. It can execute queries in transaction or commit the transaction.
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-pub trait Transaction<'a>: Send + Sync {
-    async fn query(&mut self, query: &str, params: &[&Vec<u8>]) -> Result<Vec<KeyValue>>;
-
-    async fn execute(&mut self, query: &str, params: &[&Vec<u8>]) -> Result<()> {
-        self.query(query, params).await?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn commit(self) -> Result<()>;
-}
-
-/// Factory for creating default and transaction query executors.
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-pub trait ExecutorFactory<T: Executor>: Send + Sync {
-    async fn default_executor(&self) -> Result<T>;
-
-    async fn txn_executor<'a>(&self, default_executor: &'a mut T) -> Result<T::Transaction<'a>>;
-}
-
-/// Rds backed store for metsrv
-pub struct RdsStore<T, S, R>
-where
-    T: Executor + Send + Sync,
-    S: ExecutorFactory<T> + Send + Sync,
-{
-    max_txn_ops: usize,
-    txn_retry_count: usize,
-    executor_factory: S,
-    sql_template_set: R,
-    _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
-}
-
-pub enum ExecutorImpl<'a, T: Executor + 'a> {
-    Default(T),
-    Txn(T::Transaction<'a>),
-}
-
-impl<T: Executor> ExecutorImpl<'_, T> {
-    async fn query(&mut self, query: &str, params: &Vec<&Vec<u8>>) -> Result<Vec<KeyValue>> {
-        match self {
-            Self::Default(executor) => executor.query(query, params).await,
-            Self::Txn(executor) => executor.query(query, params).await,
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn commit(self) -> Result<()> {
-        match self {
-            Self::Txn(executor) => executor.commit().await,
-            _ => Ok(()),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-pub trait KvQueryExecutor<T: Executor> {
-    async fn range_with_query_executor(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
-        req: RangeRequest,
-    ) -> Result<RangeResponse>;
-
-    async fn put_with_query_executor(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
-        req: PutRequest,
-    ) -> Result<PutResponse> {
-        let kv = KeyValue {
-            key: req.key,
-            value: req.value,
-        };
-        let mut res = self
-            .batch_put_with_query_executor(
-                query_executor,
-                BatchPutRequest {
-                    kvs: vec![kv],
-                    prev_kv: req.prev_kv,
-                },
-            )
-            .await?;
-
-        if !res.prev_kvs.is_empty() {
-            debug_assert!(req.prev_kv);
-            return Ok(PutResponse {
-                prev_kv: Some(res.prev_kvs.remove(0)),
-            });
-        }
-        Ok(PutResponse::default())
-    }
-
-    async fn batch_put_with_query_executor(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
-        req: BatchPutRequest,
-    ) -> Result<BatchPutResponse>;
-
-    /// Batch get with certain client. It's needed for a client with transaction.
-    async fn batch_get_with_query_executor(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
-        req: BatchGetRequest,
-    ) -> Result<BatchGetResponse>;
-
-    async fn delete_range_with_query_executor(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
-        req: DeleteRangeRequest,
-    ) -> Result<DeleteRangeResponse>;
-
-    async fn batch_delete_with_query_executor(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
-        req: BatchDeleteRequest,
-    ) -> Result<BatchDeleteResponse>;
-}
-
-impl<T, S, R> RdsStore<T, S, R>
-where
-    Self: KvQueryExecutor<T> + Send + Sync,
-    T: Executor + Send + Sync,
-    S: ExecutorFactory<T> + Send + Sync,
-{
-    async fn execute_txn_cmp(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
-        cmp: &[Compare],
-    ) -> Result<bool> {
-        let batch_get_req = BatchGetRequest {
-            keys: cmp.iter().map(|c| c.key.clone()).collect(),
-        };
-        let res = self
-            .batch_get_with_query_executor(query_executor, batch_get_req)
-            .await?;
-        debug!("batch get res: {:?}", res);
-        let res_map = res
-            .kvs
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|kv| (kv.key, kv.value))
-            .collect::<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>>();
-        for c in cmp {
-            let value = res_map.get(&c.key);
-            if !c.compare_value(value) {
-                return Ok(false);
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(true)
-    }
-
-    /// Execute a batch of transaction operations. This function is only used for transactions with the same operation type.
-    async fn try_batch_txn(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
-        txn_ops: &[TxnOp],
-    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<TxnOpResponse>>> {
-        if !check_txn_ops(txn_ops)? {
-            return Ok(None);
-        }
-        // Safety: txn_ops is not empty
-        match txn_ops.first().unwrap() {
-            TxnOp::Delete(_) => self.handle_batch_delete(query_executor, txn_ops).await,
-            TxnOp::Put(_, _) => self.handle_batch_put(query_executor, txn_ops).await,
-            TxnOp::Get(_) => self.handle_batch_get(query_executor, txn_ops).await,
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn handle_batch_delete(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
-        txn_ops: &[TxnOp],
-    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<TxnOpResponse>>> {
-        let mut batch_del_req = BatchDeleteRequest {
-            keys: vec![],
-            prev_kv: true,
-        };
-        for op in txn_ops {
-            if let TxnOp::Delete(key) = op {
-                batch_del_req.keys.push(key.clone());
-            }
-        }
-        let res = self
-            .batch_delete_with_query_executor(query_executor, batch_del_req)
-            .await?;
-        let res_map = res
-            .prev_kvs
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|kv| (kv.key, kv.value))
-            .collect::<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>>();
-        let mut resps = Vec::with_capacity(txn_ops.len());
-        for op in txn_ops {
-            if let TxnOp::Delete(key) = op {
-                let value = res_map.get(key);
-                resps.push(TxnOpResponse::ResponseDelete(DeleteRangeResponse {
-                    deleted: if value.is_some() { 1 } else { 0 },
-                    prev_kvs: vec![],
-                }));
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(Some(resps))
-    }
-
-    async fn handle_batch_put(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
-        txn_ops: &[TxnOp],
-    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<TxnOpResponse>>> {
-        let mut batch_put_req = BatchPutRequest {
-            kvs: vec![],
-            prev_kv: false,
-        };
-        for op in txn_ops {
-            if let TxnOp::Put(key, value) = op {
-                batch_put_req.kvs.push(KeyValue {
-                    key: key.clone(),
-                    value: value.clone(),
-                });
-            }
-        }
-        let _ = self
-            .batch_put_with_query_executor(query_executor, batch_put_req)
-            .await?;
-        let mut resps = Vec::with_capacity(txn_ops.len());
-        for op in txn_ops {
-            if let TxnOp::Put(_, _) = op {
-                resps.push(TxnOpResponse::ResponsePut(PutResponse { prev_kv: None }));
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(Some(resps))
-    }
-
-    async fn handle_batch_get(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
-        txn_ops: &[TxnOp],
-    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<TxnOpResponse>>> {
-        let mut batch_get_req = BatchGetRequest { keys: vec![] };
-        for op in txn_ops {
-            if let TxnOp::Get(key) = op {
-                batch_get_req.keys.push(key.clone());
-            }
-        }
-        let res = self
-            .batch_get_with_query_executor(query_executor, batch_get_req)
-            .await?;
-        let res_map = res
-            .kvs
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|kv| (kv.key, kv.value))
-            .collect::<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>>();
-        let mut resps = Vec::with_capacity(txn_ops.len());
-        for op in txn_ops {
-            if let TxnOp::Get(key) = op {
-                let value = res_map.get(key);
-                resps.push(TxnOpResponse::ResponseGet(RangeResponse {
-                    kvs: value
-                        .map(|v| {
-                            vec![KeyValue {
-                                key: key.clone(),
-                                value: v.clone(),
-                            }]
-                        })
-                        .unwrap_or_default(),
-                    more: false,
-                }));
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(Some(resps))
-    }
-
-    async fn execute_txn_op(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, T>,
-        op: &TxnOp,
-    ) -> Result<TxnOpResponse> {
-        match op {
-            TxnOp::Put(key, value) => {
-                let res = self
-                    .put_with_query_executor(
-                        query_executor,
-                        PutRequest {
-                            key: key.clone(),
-                            value: value.clone(),
-                            prev_kv: false,
-                        },
-                    )
-                    .await?;
-                Ok(TxnOpResponse::ResponsePut(res))
-            }
-            TxnOp::Get(key) => {
-                let res = self
-                    .range_with_query_executor(
-                        query_executor,
-                        RangeRequest {
-                            key: key.clone(),
-                            range_end: vec![],
-                            limit: 1,
-                            keys_only: false,
-                        },
-                    )
-                    .await?;
-                Ok(TxnOpResponse::ResponseGet(res))
-            }
-            TxnOp::Delete(key) => {
-                let res = self
-                    .delete_range_with_query_executor(
-                        query_executor,
-                        DeleteRangeRequest {
-                            key: key.clone(),
-                            range_end: vec![],
-                            prev_kv: false,
-                        },
-                    )
-                    .await?;
-                Ok(TxnOpResponse::ResponseDelete(res))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn txn_inner(&self, txn: &KvTxn) -> Result<KvTxnResponse> {
-        let mut default_executor = self.executor_factory.default_executor().await?;
-        let mut txn_executor = ExecutorImpl::Txn(
-            self.executor_factory
-                .txn_executor(&mut default_executor)
-                .await?,
-        );
-        let mut success = true;
-        if txn.c_when {
-            success = self
-                .execute_txn_cmp(&mut txn_executor, &txn.req.compare)
-                .await?;
-        }
-        let mut responses = vec![];
-        if success && txn.c_then {
-            match self
-                .try_batch_txn(&mut txn_executor, &txn.req.success)
-                .await?
-            {
-                Some(res) => responses.extend(res),
-                None => {
-                    for txnop in &txn.req.success {
-                        let res = self.execute_txn_op(&mut txn_executor, txnop).await?;
-                        responses.push(res);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else if !success && txn.c_else {
-            match self
-                .try_batch_txn(&mut txn_executor, &txn.req.failure)
-                .await?
-            {
-                Some(res) => responses.extend(res),
-                None => {
-                    for txnop in &txn.req.failure {
-                        let res = self.execute_txn_op(&mut txn_executor, txnop).await?;
-                        responses.push(res);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        txn_executor.commit().await?;
-        Ok(KvTxnResponse {
-            responses,
-            succeeded: success,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<T, S, R> KvBackend for RdsStore<T, S, R>
-where
-    R: 'static,
-    Self: KvQueryExecutor<T> + Send + Sync,
-    T: Executor + 'static,
-    S: ExecutorFactory<T> + 'static,
-{
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        T::name()
-    }
-
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-
-    async fn range(&self, req: RangeRequest) -> Result<RangeResponse> {
-        let client = self.executor_factory.default_executor().await?;
-        let mut query_executor = ExecutorImpl::Default(client);
-        self.range_with_query_executor(&mut query_executor, req)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    async fn put(&self, req: PutRequest) -> Result<PutResponse> {
-        let client = self.executor_factory.default_executor().await?;
-        let mut query_executor = ExecutorImpl::Default(client);
-        self.put_with_query_executor(&mut query_executor, req).await
-    }
-
-    async fn batch_put(&self, req: BatchPutRequest) -> Result<BatchPutResponse> {
-        let client = self.executor_factory.default_executor().await?;
-        let mut query_executor = ExecutorImpl::Default(client);
-        self.batch_put_with_query_executor(&mut query_executor, req)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    async fn batch_get(&self, req: BatchGetRequest) -> Result<BatchGetResponse> {
-        let client = self.executor_factory.default_executor().await?;
-        let mut query_executor = ExecutorImpl::Default(client);
-        self.batch_get_with_query_executor(&mut query_executor, req)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    async fn delete_range(&self, req: DeleteRangeRequest) -> Result<DeleteRangeResponse> {
-        let client = self.executor_factory.default_executor().await?;
-        let mut query_executor = ExecutorImpl::Default(client);
-        self.delete_range_with_query_executor(&mut query_executor, req)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    async fn batch_delete(&self, req: BatchDeleteRequest) -> Result<BatchDeleteResponse> {
-        let client = self.executor_factory.default_executor().await?;
-        let mut query_executor = ExecutorImpl::Default(client);
-        self.batch_delete_with_query_executor(&mut query_executor, req)
-            .await
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<T, S, R> TxnService for RdsStore<T, S, R>
-where
-    Self: KvQueryExecutor<T> + Send + Sync,
-    T: Executor + 'static,
-    S: ExecutorFactory<T> + 'static,
-{
-    type Error = Error;
-
-    async fn txn(&self, txn: KvTxn) -> Result<KvTxnResponse> {
-        let _timer = METRIC_META_TXN_REQUEST
-            .with_label_values(&[T::name(), "txn"])
-            .start_timer();
-
-        let mut backoff = ExponentialBuilder::default()
-            .with_min_delay(Duration::from_millis(10))
-            .with_max_delay(Duration::from_millis(200))
-            .with_max_times(self.txn_retry_count)
-            .build();
-
-        loop {
-            match self.txn_inner(&txn).await {
-                Ok(res) => return Ok(res),
-                Err(e) => {
-                    if e.is_serialization_error() {
-                        let d = backoff.next();
-                        if let Some(d) = d {
-                            tokio::time::sleep(d).await;
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    } else {
-                        return Err(e);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        RdsTransactionRetryFailedSnafu {}.fail()
-    }
-
-    fn max_txn_ops(&self) -> usize {
-        self.max_txn_ops
-    }
-}
-
-/// Checks if the transaction operations are the same type.
-fn check_txn_ops(txn_ops: &[TxnOp]) -> Result<bool> {
-    if txn_ops.is_empty() {
-        return Ok(false);
-    }
-    let same = txn_ops.windows(2).all(|a| {
-        matches!(
-            (&a[0], &a[1]),
-            (TxnOp::Put(_, _), TxnOp::Put(_, _))
-                | (TxnOp::Get(_), TxnOp::Get(_))
-                | (TxnOp::Delete(_), TxnOp::Delete(_))
-        )
-    });
-    Ok(same)
-}
--- a/src/common/meta/src/kv_backend/rds/postgres.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/kv_backend/rds/postgres.rs
@@ -1,624 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use common_telemetry::debug;
-use deadpool_postgres::{Config, Pool, Runtime};
-use snafu::ResultExt;
-use tokio_postgres::types::ToSql;
-use tokio_postgres::{IsolationLevel, NoTls, Row};
-
-use crate::error::{
-    CreatePostgresPoolSnafu, GetPostgresConnectionSnafu, PostgresExecutionSnafu,
-    PostgresTransactionSnafu, Result,
-};
-use crate::kv_backend::rds::{
-    Executor, ExecutorFactory, ExecutorImpl, KvQueryExecutor, RdsStore, Transaction,
-    RDS_STORE_TXN_RETRY_COUNT,
-};
-use crate::kv_backend::KvBackendRef;
-use crate::rpc::store::{
-    BatchDeleteRequest, BatchDeleteResponse, BatchGetRequest, BatchGetResponse, BatchPutRequest,
-    BatchPutResponse, DeleteRangeRequest, DeleteRangeResponse, RangeRequest, RangeResponse,
-};
-use crate::rpc::KeyValue;
-
-pub struct PgClient(deadpool::managed::Object<deadpool_postgres::Manager>);
-pub struct PgTxnClient<'a>(deadpool_postgres::Transaction<'a>);
-
-/// Converts a row to a [`KeyValue`].
-fn key_value_from_row(r: Row) -> KeyValue {
-    KeyValue {
-        key: r.get(0),
-        value: r.get(1),
-    }
-}
-
-const EMPTY: &[u8] = &[0];
-
-/// Type of range template.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-enum RangeTemplateType {
-    Point,
-    Range,
-    Full,
-    LeftBounded,
-    Prefix,
-}
-
-/// Builds params for the given range template type.
-impl RangeTemplateType {
-    fn build_params(&self, mut key: Vec<u8>, range_end: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
-        match self {
-            RangeTemplateType::Point => vec![key],
-            RangeTemplateType::Range => vec![key, range_end],
-            RangeTemplateType::Full => vec![],
-            RangeTemplateType::LeftBounded => vec![key],
-            RangeTemplateType::Prefix => {
-                key.push(b'%');
-                vec![key]
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Templates for range request.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-struct RangeTemplate {
-    point: String,
-    range: String,
-    full: String,
-    left_bounded: String,
-    prefix: String,
-}
-
-impl RangeTemplate {
-    /// Gets the template for the given type.
-    fn get(&self, typ: RangeTemplateType) -> &str {
-        match typ {
-            RangeTemplateType::Point => &self.point,
-            RangeTemplateType::Range => &self.range,
-            RangeTemplateType::Full => &self.full,
-            RangeTemplateType::LeftBounded => &self.left_bounded,
-            RangeTemplateType::Prefix => &self.prefix,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Adds limit to the template.
-    fn with_limit(template: &str, limit: i64) -> String {
-        if limit == 0 {
-            return format!("{};", template);
-        }
-        format!("{} LIMIT {};", template, limit)
-    }
-}
-
-fn is_prefix_range(start: &[u8], end: &[u8]) -> bool {
-    if start.len() != end.len() {
-        return false;
-    }
-    let l = start.len();
-    let same_prefix = start[0..l - 1] == end[0..l - 1];
-    if let (Some(rhs), Some(lhs)) = (start.last(), end.last()) {
-        return same_prefix && (*rhs + 1) == *lhs;
-    }
-    false
-}
-
-/// Determine the template type for range request.
-fn range_template(key: &[u8], range_end: &[u8]) -> RangeTemplateType {
-    match (key, range_end) {
-        (_, &[]) => RangeTemplateType::Point,
-        (EMPTY, EMPTY) => RangeTemplateType::Full,
-        (_, EMPTY) => RangeTemplateType::LeftBounded,
-        (start, end) => {
-            if is_prefix_range(start, end) {
-                RangeTemplateType::Prefix
-            } else {
-                RangeTemplateType::Range
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Generate in placeholders for PostgreSQL.
-fn pg_generate_in_placeholders(from: usize, to: usize) -> Vec<String> {
-    (from..=to).map(|i| format!("${}", i)).collect()
-}
-
-/// Factory for building sql templates.
-struct PgSqlTemplateFactory<'a> {
-    table_name: &'a str,
-}
-
-impl<'a> PgSqlTemplateFactory<'a> {
-    /// Creates a new [`SqlTemplateFactory`] with the given table name.
-    fn new(table_name: &'a str) -> Self {
-        Self { table_name }
-    }
-
-    /// Builds the template set for the given table name.
-    fn build(&self) -> PgSqlTemplateSet {
-        let table_name = self.table_name;
-        PgSqlTemplateSet {
-            table_name: table_name.to_string(),
-            create_table_statement: format!(
-                "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table_name}(k bytea PRIMARY KEY, v bytea)",
-            ),
-            range_template: RangeTemplate {
-                point: format!("SELECT k, v FROM {table_name} WHERE k = $1"),
-                range: format!("SELECT k, v FROM {table_name} WHERE k >= $1 AND k < $2 ORDER BY k"),
-                full: format!("SELECT k, v FROM {table_name} $1 ORDER BY k"),
-                left_bounded: format!("SELECT k, v FROM {table_name} WHERE k >= $1 ORDER BY k"),
-                prefix: format!("SELECT k, v FROM {table_name} WHERE k LIKE $1 ORDER BY k"),
-            },
-            delete_template: RangeTemplate {
-                point: format!("DELETE FROM {table_name} WHERE k = $1 RETURNING k,v;"),
-                range: format!("DELETE FROM {table_name} WHERE k >= $1 AND k < $2 RETURNING k,v;"),
-                full: format!("DELETE FROM {table_name} RETURNING k,v"),
-                left_bounded: format!("DELETE FROM {table_name} WHERE k >= $1 RETURNING k,v;"),
-                prefix: format!("DELETE FROM {table_name} WHERE k LIKE $1 RETURNING k,v;"),
-            },
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Templates for the given table name.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct PgSqlTemplateSet {
-    table_name: String,
-    create_table_statement: String,
-    range_template: RangeTemplate,
-    delete_template: RangeTemplate,
-}
-
-impl PgSqlTemplateSet {
-    /// Generates the sql for batch get.
-    fn generate_batch_get_query(&self, key_len: usize) -> String {
-        let table_name = &self.table_name;
-        let in_clause = pg_generate_in_placeholders(1, key_len).join(", ");
-        format!("SELECT k, v FROM {table_name} WHERE k in ({});", in_clause)
-    }
-
-    /// Generates the sql for batch delete.
-    fn generate_batch_delete_query(&self, key_len: usize) -> String {
-        let table_name = &self.table_name;
-        let in_clause = pg_generate_in_placeholders(1, key_len).join(", ");
-        format!(
-            "DELETE FROM {table_name} WHERE k in ({}) RETURNING k,v;",
-            in_clause
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Generates the sql for batch upsert.
-    fn generate_batch_upsert_query(&self, kv_len: usize) -> String {
-        let table_name = &self.table_name;
-        let in_placeholders: Vec<String> = (1..=kv_len).map(|i| format!("${}", i)).collect();
-        let in_clause = in_placeholders.join(", ");
-        let mut param_index = kv_len + 1;
-        let mut values_placeholders = Vec::new();
-        for _ in 0..kv_len {
-            values_placeholders.push(format!("(${0}, ${1})", param_index, param_index + 1));
-            param_index += 2;
-        }
-        let values_clause = values_placeholders.join(", ");
-
-        format!(
-            r#"
-    WITH prev AS (
-        SELECT k,v FROM {table_name} WHERE k IN ({in_clause})
-    ), update AS (
-    INSERT INTO {table_name} (k, v) VALUES
-        {values_clause}
-    ON CONFLICT (
-        k
-    ) DO UPDATE SET
-        v = excluded.v
-    )
-
-    SELECT k, v FROM prev;
-    "#
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Executor for PgClient {
-    type Transaction<'a>
-        = PgTxnClient<'a>
-    where
-        Self: 'a;
-
-    fn name() -> &'static str {
-        "Postgres"
-    }
-
-    async fn query(&mut self, query: &str, params: &[&Vec<u8>]) -> Result<Vec<KeyValue>> {
-        let params: Vec<&(dyn ToSql + Sync)> = params.iter().map(|p| p as _).collect();
-        let stmt = self
-            .0
-            .prepare_cached(query)
-            .await
-            .context(PostgresExecutionSnafu { sql: query })?;
-        let rows = self
-            .0
-            .query(&stmt, &params)
-            .await
-            .context(PostgresExecutionSnafu { sql: query })?;
-        Ok(rows.into_iter().map(key_value_from_row).collect())
-    }
-
-    async fn txn_executor<'a>(&'a mut self) -> Result<Self::Transaction<'a>> {
-        let txn = self
-            .0
-            .build_transaction()
-            .isolation_level(IsolationLevel::Serializable)
-            .start()
-            .await
-            .context(PostgresTransactionSnafu {
-                operation: "begin".to_string(),
-            })?;
-        Ok(PgTxnClient(txn))
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<'a> Transaction<'a> for PgTxnClient<'a> {
-    async fn query(&mut self, query: &str, params: &[&Vec<u8>]) -> Result<Vec<KeyValue>> {
-        let params: Vec<&(dyn ToSql + Sync)> = params.iter().map(|p| p as _).collect();
-        let stmt = self
-            .0
-            .prepare_cached(query)
-            .await
-            .context(PostgresExecutionSnafu { sql: query })?;
-        let rows = self
-            .0
-            .query(&stmt, &params)
-            .await
-            .context(PostgresExecutionSnafu { sql: query })?;
-        Ok(rows.into_iter().map(key_value_from_row).collect())
-    }
-
-    async fn commit(self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.0.commit().await.context(PostgresTransactionSnafu {
-            operation: "commit",
-        })?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct PgExecutorFactory {
-    pool: Pool,
-}
-
-impl PgExecutorFactory {
-    async fn client(&self) -> Result<PgClient> {
-        match self.pool.get().await {
-            Ok(client) => Ok(PgClient(client)),
-            Err(e) => GetPostgresConnectionSnafu {
-                reason: e.to_string(),
-            }
-            .fail(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl ExecutorFactory<PgClient> for PgExecutorFactory {
-    async fn default_executor(&self) -> Result<PgClient> {
-        self.client().await
-    }
-
-    async fn txn_executor<'a>(
-        &self,
-        default_executor: &'a mut PgClient,
-    ) -> Result<PgTxnClient<'a>> {
-        default_executor.txn_executor().await
-    }
-}
-
-/// A PostgreSQL-backed key-value store for metasrv.
-/// It uses [deadpool_postgres::Pool] as the connection pool for [RdsStore].
-pub type PgStore = RdsStore<PgClient, PgExecutorFactory, PgSqlTemplateSet>;
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl KvQueryExecutor<PgClient> for PgStore {
-    async fn range_with_query_executor(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, PgClient>,
-        req: RangeRequest,
-    ) -> Result<RangeResponse> {
-        let template_type = range_template(&req.key, &req.range_end);
-        let template = self.sql_template_set.range_template.get(template_type);
-        let params = template_type.build_params(req.key, req.range_end);
-        let params_ref = params.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        // Always add 1 to limit to check if there is more data
-        let query =
-            RangeTemplate::with_limit(template, if req.limit == 0 { 0 } else { req.limit + 1 });
-        let limit = req.limit as usize;
-        debug!("query: {:?}, params: {:?}", query, params);
-        let mut kvs = query_executor.query(&query, &params_ref).await?;
-        if req.keys_only {
-            kvs.iter_mut().for_each(|kv| kv.value = vec![]);
-        }
-        // If limit is 0, we always return all data
-        if limit == 0 || kvs.len() <= limit {
-            return Ok(RangeResponse { kvs, more: false });
-        }
-        // If limit is greater than the number of rows, we remove the last row and set more to true
-        let removed = kvs.pop();
-        debug_assert!(removed.is_some());
-        Ok(RangeResponse { kvs, more: true })
-    }
-
-    async fn batch_put_with_query_executor(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, PgClient>,
-        req: BatchPutRequest,
-    ) -> Result<BatchPutResponse> {
-        let mut in_params = Vec::with_capacity(req.kvs.len() * 3);
-        let mut values_params = Vec::with_capacity(req.kvs.len() * 2);
-
-        for kv in &req.kvs {
-            let processed_key = &kv.key;
-            in_params.push(processed_key);
-
-            let processed_value = &kv.value;
-            values_params.push(processed_key);
-            values_params.push(processed_value);
-        }
-        in_params.extend(values_params);
-        let params = in_params.iter().map(|x| x as _).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let query = self
-            .sql_template_set
-            .generate_batch_upsert_query(req.kvs.len());
-        let kvs = query_executor.query(&query, &params).await?;
-        if req.prev_kv {
-            Ok(BatchPutResponse { prev_kvs: kvs })
-        } else {
-            Ok(BatchPutResponse::default())
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Batch get with certain client. It's needed for a client with transaction.
-    async fn batch_get_with_query_executor(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, PgClient>,
-        req: BatchGetRequest,
-    ) -> Result<BatchGetResponse> {
-        if req.keys.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(BatchGetResponse { kvs: vec![] });
-        }
-        let query = self
-            .sql_template_set
-            .generate_batch_get_query(req.keys.len());
-        let params = req.keys.iter().map(|x| x as _).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let kvs = query_executor.query(&query, &params).await?;
-        Ok(BatchGetResponse { kvs })
-    }
-
-    async fn delete_range_with_query_executor(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, PgClient>,
-        req: DeleteRangeRequest,
-    ) -> Result<DeleteRangeResponse> {
-        let template_type = range_template(&req.key, &req.range_end);
-        let template = self.sql_template_set.delete_template.get(template_type);
-        let params = template_type.build_params(req.key, req.range_end);
-        let params_ref = params.iter().map(|x| x as _).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let kvs = query_executor.query(template, &params_ref).await?;
-        let mut resp = DeleteRangeResponse::new(kvs.len() as i64);
-        if req.prev_kv {
-            resp.with_prev_kvs(kvs);
-        }
-        Ok(resp)
-    }
-
-    async fn batch_delete_with_query_executor(
-        &self,
-        query_executor: &mut ExecutorImpl<'_, PgClient>,
-        req: BatchDeleteRequest,
-    ) -> Result<BatchDeleteResponse> {
-        if req.keys.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(BatchDeleteResponse::default());
-        }
-        let query = self
-            .sql_template_set
-            .generate_batch_delete_query(req.keys.len());
-        let params = req.keys.iter().map(|x| x as _).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let kvs = query_executor.query(&query, &params).await?;
-        if req.prev_kv {
-            Ok(BatchDeleteResponse { prev_kvs: kvs })
-        } else {
-            Ok(BatchDeleteResponse::default())
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl PgStore {
-    /// Create [PgStore] impl of [KvBackendRef] from url.
-    pub async fn with_url(url: &str, table_name: &str, max_txn_ops: usize) -> Result<KvBackendRef> {
-        let mut cfg = Config::new();
-        cfg.url = Some(url.to_string());
-        // TODO(weny, CookiePie): add tls support
-        let pool = cfg
-            .create_pool(Some(Runtime::Tokio1), NoTls)
-            .context(CreatePostgresPoolSnafu)?;
-        Self::with_pg_pool(pool, table_name, max_txn_ops).await
-    }
-
-    /// Create [PgStore] impl of [KvBackendRef] from [deadpool_postgres::Pool].
-    pub async fn with_pg_pool(
-        pool: Pool,
-        table_name: &str,
-        max_txn_ops: usize,
-    ) -> Result<KvBackendRef> {
-        // This step ensures the postgres metadata backend is ready to use.
-        // We check if greptime_metakv table exists, and we will create a new table
-        // if it does not exist.
-        let client = match pool.get().await {
-            Ok(client) => client,
-            Err(e) => {
-                return GetPostgresConnectionSnafu {
-                    reason: e.to_string(),
-                }
-                .fail();
-            }
-        };
-        let template_factory = PgSqlTemplateFactory::new(table_name);
-        let sql_template_set = template_factory.build();
-        client
-            .execute(&sql_template_set.create_table_statement, &[])
-            .await
-            .with_context(|_| PostgresExecutionSnafu {
-                sql: sql_template_set.create_table_statement.to_string(),
-            })?;
-        Ok(Arc::new(Self {
-            max_txn_ops,
-            sql_template_set,
-            txn_retry_count: RDS_STORE_TXN_RETRY_COUNT,
-            executor_factory: PgExecutorFactory { pool },
-            _phantom: PhantomData,
-        }))
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::kv_backend::test::{
-        prepare_kv_with_prefix, test_kv_batch_delete_with_prefix, test_kv_batch_get_with_prefix,
-        test_kv_compare_and_put_with_prefix, test_kv_delete_range_with_prefix,
-        test_kv_put_with_prefix, test_kv_range_2_with_prefix, test_kv_range_with_prefix,
-        test_txn_compare_equal, test_txn_compare_greater, test_txn_compare_less,
-        test_txn_compare_not_equal, test_txn_one_compare_op, text_txn_multi_compare_op,
-        unprepare_kv,
-    };
-
-    async fn build_pg_kv_backend(table_name: &str) -> Option<PgStore> {
-        let endpoints = std::env::var("GT_POSTGRES_ENDPOINTS").unwrap_or_default();
-        if endpoints.is_empty() {
-            return None;
-        }
-
-        let mut cfg = Config::new();
-        cfg.url = Some(endpoints);
-        let pool = cfg
-            .create_pool(Some(Runtime::Tokio1), NoTls)
-            .context(CreatePostgresPoolSnafu)
-            .unwrap();
-        let client = pool.get().await.unwrap();
-        let template_factory = PgSqlTemplateFactory::new(table_name);
-        let sql_templates = template_factory.build();
-        client
-            .execute(&sql_templates.create_table_statement, &[])
-            .await
-            .context(PostgresExecutionSnafu {
-                sql: sql_templates.create_table_statement.to_string(),
-            })
-            .unwrap();
-        Some(PgStore {
-            max_txn_ops: 128,
-            sql_template_set: sql_templates,
-            txn_retry_count: RDS_STORE_TXN_RETRY_COUNT,
-            executor_factory: PgExecutorFactory { pool },
-            _phantom: PhantomData,
-        })
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_pg_put() {
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("put_test").await.unwrap();
-        let prefix = b"put/";
-        prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
-        test_kv_put_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
-        unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_pg_range() {
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("range_test").await.unwrap();
-        let prefix = b"range/";
-        prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
-        test_kv_range_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
-        unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_pg_range_2() {
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("range2_test").await.unwrap();
-        let prefix = b"range2/";
-        test_kv_range_2_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
-        unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_pg_batch_get() {
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("batch_get_test").await.unwrap();
-        let prefix = b"batch_get/";
-        prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
-        test_kv_batch_get_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
-        unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_pg_batch_delete() {
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("batch_delete_test").await.unwrap();
-        let prefix = b"batch_delete/";
-        prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
-        test_kv_delete_range_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
-        unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_pg_batch_delete_with_prefix() {
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("batch_delete_with_prefix_test")
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let prefix = b"batch_delete/";
-        prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
-        test_kv_batch_delete_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
-        unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_pg_delete_range() {
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("delete_range_test").await.unwrap();
-        let prefix = b"delete_range/";
-        prepare_kv_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
-        test_kv_delete_range_with_prefix(&kv_backend, prefix.to_vec()).await;
-        unprepare_kv(&kv_backend, prefix).await;
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_pg_compare_and_put() {
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("compare_and_put_test").await.unwrap();
-        let prefix = b"compare_and_put/";
-        let kv_backend = Arc::new(kv_backend);
-        test_kv_compare_and_put_with_prefix(kv_backend.clone(), prefix.to_vec()).await;
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_pg_txn() {
-        let kv_backend = build_pg_kv_backend("txn_test").await.unwrap();
-        test_txn_one_compare_op(&kv_backend).await;
-        text_txn_multi_compare_op(&kv_backend).await;
-        test_txn_compare_equal(&kv_backend).await;
-        test_txn_compare_greater(&kv_backend).await;
-        test_txn_compare_less(&kv_backend).await;
-        test_txn_compare_not_equal(&kv_backend).await;
-    }
-}
--- a/src/common/meta/src/rpc/ddl.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/rpc/ddl.rs
@@ -1239,7 +1239,6 @@ impl From<QueryContext> for PbQueryContext {
            timezone,
            extensions,
            channel: channel as u32,
-            snapshot_seqs: None,
        }
    }
 }
--- a/src/common/meta/src/wal_options_allocator.rs
+++ b/src/common/meta/src/wal_options_allocator.rs
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 // limitations under the License.

 mod selector;
-pub(crate) mod topic_creator;
+mod topic_creator;
 mod topic_manager;
-pub(crate) mod topic_pool;
+mod topic_pool;

 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
--- a/src/common/procedure/src/options.rs
+++ b/src/common/procedure/src/options.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use common_base::readable_size::ReadableSize;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct ProcedureConfig {
    /// Max retry times of procedure.
--- a/src/common/time/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/common/time/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 arrow.workspace = true
 chrono.workspace = true
-chrono-tz.workspace = true
+chrono-tz = "0.8"
 common-error.workspace = true
 common-macro.workspace = true
 humantime.workspace = true
--- a/src/datanode/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/datanode/src/config.rs
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ impl Default for DatanodeOptions {
            require_lease_before_startup: false,
            init_regions_in_background: false,
            init_regions_parallelism: 16,
-            grpc: GrpcOptions::default().with_bind_addr("127.0.0.1:3001"),
+            grpc: GrpcOptions::default().with_addr("127.0.0.1:3001"),
            http: HttpOptions::default(),
            meta_client: None,
            wal: DatanodeWalConfig::default(),
--- a/src/datanode/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/datanode/src/error.rs
@@ -260,12 +260,11 @@ pub enum Error {
        source: BoxedError,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("Failed to handle batch ddl request, ddl_type: {}", ddl_type))]
-    HandleBatchDdlRequest {
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to handle batch request"))]
+    HandleBatchRequest {
        #[snafu(implicit)]
        location: Location,
        source: BoxedError,
-        ddl_type: String,
    },

    #[snafu(display("RegionId {} not found", region_id))]
@@ -447,7 +446,7 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
            HandleRegionRequest { source, .. }
            | GetRegionMetadata { source, .. }
            | HandleBatchOpenRequest { source, .. }
-            | HandleBatchDdlRequest { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
+            | HandleBatchRequest { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
            StopRegionEngine { source, .. } => source.status_code(),

            FindLogicalRegions { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
--- a/src/datanode/src/heartbeat.rs
+++ b/src/datanode/src/heartbeat.rs
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl HeartbeatTask {
            node_id: opts.node_id.unwrap_or(0),
            // We use datanode's start time millis as the node's epoch.
            node_epoch: common_time::util::current_time_millis() as u64,
-            peer_addr: addrs::resolve_addr(&opts.grpc.bind_addr, Some(&opts.grpc.server_addr)),
+            peer_addr: addrs::resolve_addr(&opts.grpc.addr, Some(&opts.grpc.hostname)),
            running: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
            meta_client,
            region_server,
--- a/src/datanode/src/region_server.rs
+++ b/src/datanode/src/region_server.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ use datafusion::datasource::{provider_as_source, TableProvider};
 use datafusion::error::Result as DfResult;
 use datafusion_common::tree_node::{Transformed, TreeNode, TreeNodeRewriter};
 use datafusion_expr::{LogicalPlan, TableSource};
-use futures_util::future::try_join_all;
+use futures::future::try_join_all;
 use metric_engine::engine::MetricEngine;
 use mito2::engine::MITO_ENGINE_NAME;
 use prost::Message;
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ use store_api::region_engine::{
    SettableRegionRoleState,
 };
 use store_api::region_request::{
-    AffectedRows, BatchRegionDdlRequest, RegionCloseRequest, RegionOpenRequest, RegionRequest,
+    convert_body_to_requests, AffectedRows, BatchRegionRequest, RegionCloseRequest,
+    RegionOpenRequest, RegionPutRequest, RegionRequest, RegionRequestBundle,
 };
 use store_api::storage::RegionId;
 use tokio::sync::{Semaphore, SemaphorePermit};
@@ -69,8 +70,8 @@ use tonic::{Request, Response, Result as TonicResult};
 use crate::error::{
    self, BuildRegionRequestsSnafu, ConcurrentQueryLimiterClosedSnafu,
    ConcurrentQueryLimiterTimeoutSnafu, DataFusionSnafu, DecodeLogicalPlanSnafu,
-    ExecuteLogicalPlanSnafu, FindLogicalRegionsSnafu, HandleBatchDdlRequestSnafu,
-    HandleBatchOpenRequestSnafu, HandleRegionRequestSnafu, NewPlanDecoderSnafu,
+    ExecuteLogicalPlanSnafu, FindLogicalRegionsSnafu, HandleBatchOpenRequestSnafu,
+    HandleBatchRequestSnafu, HandleRegionRequestSnafu, NewPlanDecoderSnafu,
    RegionEngineNotFoundSnafu, RegionNotFoundSnafu, RegionNotReadySnafu, Result,
    StopRegionEngineSnafu, UnexpectedSnafu, UnsupportedOutputSnafu,
 };
@@ -159,12 +160,19 @@ impl RegionServer {
        self.inner.handle_request(region_id, request).await
    }

-    /// Returns a table provider for the region. Will set snapshot sequence if available in the context.
-    async fn table_provider(
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(request_type = "Put"))]
+    pub async fn handle_batch_body(&self, body: region_request::Body) -> Result<RegionResponse> {
+        self.inner.handle_batch_body(body).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn handle_batch_request(
        &self,
-        region_id: RegionId,
-        ctx: Option<&session::context::QueryContext>,
-    ) -> Result<Arc<dyn TableProvider>> {
+        batch_request: BatchRegionRequest,
+    ) -> Result<RegionResponse> {
+        self.inner.handle_batch_request(batch_request).await
+    }
+
+    async fn table_provider(&self, region_id: RegionId) -> Result<Arc<dyn TableProvider>> {
        let status = self
            .inner
            .region_map
@@ -178,7 +186,7 @@ impl RegionServer {

        self.inner
            .table_provider_factory
-            .create(region_id, status.into_engine(), ctx)
+            .create(region_id, status.into_engine())
            .await
            .context(ExecuteLogicalPlanSnafu)
    }
@@ -193,6 +201,9 @@ impl RegionServer {
        } else {
            None
        };
+        let region_id = RegionId::from_u64(request.region_id);
+        let provider = self.table_provider(region_id).await?;
+        let catalog_list = Arc::new(DummyCatalogList::with_table_provider(provider));

        let query_ctx: QueryContextRef = request
            .header
@@ -200,10 +211,6 @@ impl RegionServer {
            .map(|h| Arc::new(h.into()))
            .unwrap_or_else(|| Arc::new(QueryContextBuilder::default().build()));

-        let region_id = RegionId::from_u64(request.region_id);
-        let provider = self.table_provider(region_id, Some(&query_ctx)).await?;
-        let catalog_list = Arc::new(DummyCatalogList::with_table_provider(provider));
-
        let decoder = self
            .inner
            .query_engine
@@ -232,10 +239,7 @@ impl RegionServer {
        } else {
            None
        };
-
-        let ctx: Option<session::context::QueryContext> = request.header.as_ref().map(|h| h.into());
-
-        let provider = self.table_provider(request.region_id, ctx.as_ref()).await?;
+        let provider = self.table_provider(request.region_id).await?;

        struct RegionDataSourceInjector {
            source: Arc<dyn TableSource>,
@@ -355,33 +359,27 @@ impl RegionServer {
            .insert(region_id, RegionEngineWithStatus::Ready(engine));
    }

-    async fn handle_batch_ddl_requests(
+    async fn handle_single_request(
        &self,
-        request: region_request::Body,
+        region_id: RegionId,
+        request: RegionRequest,
    ) -> Result<RegionResponse> {
-        // Safety: we have already checked the request type in `RegionServer::handle()`.
-        let batch_request = BatchRegionDdlRequest::try_from_request_body(request)
-            .context(BuildRegionRequestsSnafu)?
-            .unwrap();
        let tracing_context = TracingContext::from_current_span();
-
-        let span = tracing_context.attach(info_span!("RegionServer::handle_batch_ddl_requests"));
-        self.inner
-            .handle_batch_request(batch_request)
-            .trace(span)
-            .await
+        let span = tracing_context.attach(info_span!(
+            "RegionServer::handle_region_request",
+            region_id = region_id.to_string()
+        ));
+        self.handle_request(region_id, request).trace(span).await
    }

-    async fn handle_requests_in_parallel(
+    async fn handle_vector_request(
        &self,
-        request: region_request::Body,
+        requests: Vec<(RegionId, RegionRequest)>,
    ) -> Result<RegionResponse> {
-        let requests =
-            RegionRequest::try_from_request_body(request).context(BuildRegionRequestsSnafu)?;
        let tracing_context = TracingContext::from_current_span();

        let join_tasks = requests.into_iter().map(|(region_id, req)| {
-            let self_to_move = self;
+            let self_to_move = self.clone();
            let span = tracing_context.attach(info_span!(
                "RegionServer::handle_region_request",
                region_id = region_id.to_string()
@@ -407,51 +405,51 @@ impl RegionServer {
            extensions,
        })
    }
-
-    async fn handle_requests_in_serial(
-        &self,
-        request: region_request::Body,
-    ) -> Result<RegionResponse> {
-        let requests =
-            RegionRequest::try_from_request_body(request).context(BuildRegionRequestsSnafu)?;
-        let tracing_context = TracingContext::from_current_span();
-
-        let mut affected_rows = 0;
-        let mut extensions = HashMap::new();
-        // FIXME(jeremy, ruihang): Once the engine supports merged calls, we should immediately
-        // modify this part to avoid inefficient serial loop calls.
-        for (region_id, req) in requests {
-            let span = tracing_context.attach(info_span!(
-                "RegionServer::handle_region_request",
-                region_id = region_id.to_string()
-            ));
-            let result = self.handle_request(region_id, req).trace(span).await?;
-
-            affected_rows += result.affected_rows;
-            extensions.extend(result.extensions);
-        }
-
-        Ok(RegionResponse {
-            affected_rows,
-            extensions,
-        })
-    }
 }

 #[async_trait]
 impl RegionServerHandler for RegionServer {
    async fn handle(&self, request: region_request::Body) -> ServerResult<RegionResponseV1> {
-        let response = match &request {
-            region_request::Body::Creates(_)
-            | region_request::Body::Drops(_)
-            | region_request::Body::Alters(_) => self.handle_batch_ddl_requests(request).await,
-            region_request::Body::Inserts(_) | region_request::Body::Deletes(_) => {
-                self.handle_requests_in_parallel(request).await
-            }
-            _ => self.handle_requests_in_serial(request).await,
+        if matches!(request, region_request::Body::Inserts(_)) {
+            let resp = self
+                .handle_batch_body(request)
+                .await
+                .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+                .context(ExecuteGrpcRequestSnafu)?;
+            return Ok(RegionResponseV1 {
+                header: Some(ResponseHeader {
+                    status: Some(Status {
+                        status_code: StatusCode::Success as _,
+                        ..Default::default()
+                    }),
+                }),
+                affected_rows: resp.affected_rows as _,
+                extensions: resp.extensions,
+            });
        }
-        .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-        .context(ExecuteGrpcRequestSnafu)?;
+
+        let bundle = convert_body_to_requests(request)
+            .context(BuildRegionRequestsSnafu)
+            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+            .context(ExecuteGrpcRequestSnafu)?;
+
+        let result = match bundle {
+            RegionRequestBundle::Single((region_id, request)) => self
+                .handle_single_request(region_id, request)
+                .await
+                .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+                .context(ExecuteGrpcRequestSnafu)?,
+            RegionRequestBundle::Vector(requests) => self
+                .handle_vector_request(requests)
+                .await
+                .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+                .context(ExecuteGrpcRequestSnafu)?,
+            RegionRequestBundle::Batch(requests) => self
+                .handle_batch_request(requests)
+                .await
+                .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+                .context(ExecuteGrpcRequestSnafu)?,
+        };

        Ok(RegionResponseV1 {
            header: Some(ResponseHeader {
@@ -460,8 +458,8 @@ impl RegionServerHandler for RegionServer {
                    ..Default::default()
                }),
            }),
-            affected_rows: response.affected_rows as _,
-            extensions: response.extensions,
+            affected_rows: result.affected_rows as _,
+            extensions: result.extensions,
        })
    }
 }
@@ -707,7 +705,7 @@ impl RegionServerInner {
                            }
                        }
                        Err(e) => {
-                            self.unset_region_status(region_id, &engine, *region_change);
+                            self.unset_region_status(region_id, *region_change);
                            error!(e; "Failed to open region: {}", region_id);
                            errors.push(e);
                        }
@@ -716,7 +714,7 @@ impl RegionServerInner {
            }
            Err(e) => {
                for (&region_id, region_change) in &region_changes {
-                    self.unset_region_status(region_id, &engine, *region_change);
+                    self.unset_region_status(region_id, *region_change);
                }
                error!(e; "Failed to open batch regions");
                errors.push(BoxedError::new(e));
@@ -778,28 +776,30 @@ impl RegionServerInner {
    // limitation: all create requests must be in the same engine.
    pub async fn handle_batch_request(
        &self,
-        batch_request: BatchRegionDdlRequest,
+        batch_request: BatchRegionRequest,
    ) -> Result<RegionResponse> {
        let region_changes = match &batch_request {
-            BatchRegionDdlRequest::Create(requests) => requests
+            BatchRegionRequest::Create(requests) => requests
                .iter()
                .map(|(region_id, create)| {
                    let attribute = parse_region_attribute(&create.engine, &create.options)?;
                    Ok((*region_id, RegionChange::Register(attribute)))
                })
                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?,
-            BatchRegionDdlRequest::Drop(requests) => requests
+            BatchRegionRequest::Drop(requests) => requests
                .iter()
                .map(|(region_id, _)| (*region_id, RegionChange::Deregisters))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            BatchRegionDdlRequest::Alter(requests) => requests
+            BatchRegionRequest::Alter(requests) => requests
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(region_id, _)| (*region_id, RegionChange::None))
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            BatchRegionRequest::Put(requests) => requests
                .iter()
                .map(|(region_id, _)| (*region_id, RegionChange::None))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
        };

-        // The ddl procedure will ensure all requests are in the same engine.
-        // Therefore, we can get the engine from the first request.
        let (first_region_id, first_region_change) = region_changes.first().unwrap();
        let engine = match self.get_engine(*first_region_id, first_region_change)? {
            CurrentEngine::Engine(engine) => engine,
@@ -810,11 +810,10 @@ impl RegionServerInner {
            self.set_region_status_not_ready(*region_id, &engine, region_change);
        }

-        let ddl_type = batch_request.request_type();
        let result = engine
-            .handle_batch_ddl_requests(batch_request)
+            .handle_batch_request(batch_request)
            .await
-            .context(HandleBatchDdlRequestSnafu { ddl_type });
+            .context(HandleBatchRequestSnafu {});

        match result {
            Ok(result) => {
@@ -830,7 +829,7 @@ impl RegionServerInner {
            }
            Err(err) => {
                for (region_id, region_change) in region_changes {
-                    self.unset_region_status(region_id, &engine, region_change);
+                    self.unset_region_status(region_id, region_change);
                }

                Err(err)
@@ -891,12 +890,77 @@ impl RegionServerInner {
            }
            Err(err) => {
                // Removes the region status if the operation fails.
-                self.unset_region_status(region_id, &engine, region_change);
+                self.unset_region_status(region_id, region_change);
                Err(err)
            }
        }
    }

+    async fn handle_batch_body(&self, body: region_request::Body) -> Result<RegionResponse> {
+        let _timer = crate::metrics::HANDLE_REGION_REQUEST_ELAPSED
+            .with_label_values(&["Put"])
+            .start_timer();
+
+        // Group requests by engine.
+        let mut engine_requests: HashMap<
+            String,
+            (RegionEngineRef, Vec<(RegionId, RegionPutRequest)>),
+        > = HashMap::with_capacity(1);
+        match body {
+            region_request::Body::Inserts(inserts) => {
+                let num_requests = inserts.requests.len();
+                for request in inserts.requests {
+                    let region_id = RegionId::from_u64(request.region_id);
+                    let CurrentEngine::Engine(engine) =
+                        self.get_engine(region_id, &RegionChange::None)?
+                    else {
+                        continue;
+                    };
+                    let Some(rows) = request.rows else {
+                        continue;
+                    };
+
+                    match engine_requests.get_mut(engine.name()) {
+                        Some((_, requests)) => {
+                            requests.push((region_id, RegionPutRequest { rows, hint: None }))
+                        }
+                        None => {
+                            let mut requests = Vec::with_capacity(num_requests);
+                            requests.push((region_id, RegionPutRequest { rows, hint: None }));
+                            engine_requests.insert(engine.name().to_string(), (engine, requests));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+
+        for (_, (engine, request)) in engine_requests {
+            engine
+                .handle_batch_request(BatchRegionRequest::Put(request))
+                .await
+                .context(HandleBatchRequestSnafu)?;
+        }
+
+        // match engine
+        //     .handle_request(region_id, request)
+        //     .await
+        //     .with_context(|_| HandleRegionRequestSnafu { region_id })
+        // {
+        //     Ok(result) => {
+        //         Ok(RegionResponse {
+        //             affected_rows: result.affected_rows,
+        //             extensions: result.extensions,
+        //         })
+        //     }
+        //     Err(err) => {
+        //         Err(err)
+        //     }
+        // }
+
+        Ok(RegionResponse::new(0))
+    }
+
    fn set_region_status_not_ready(
        &self,
        region_id: RegionId,
@@ -920,21 +984,12 @@ impl RegionServerInner {
        }
    }

-    fn unset_region_status(
-        &self,
-        region_id: RegionId,
-        engine: &RegionEngineRef,
-        region_change: RegionChange,
-    ) {
+    fn unset_region_status(&self, region_id: RegionId, region_change: RegionChange) {
        match region_change {
            RegionChange::None => {}
-            RegionChange::Register(_) => {
+            RegionChange::Register(_) | RegionChange::Deregisters => {
                self.region_map.remove(&region_id);
            }
-            RegionChange::Deregisters => {
-                self.region_map
-                    .insert(region_id, RegionEngineWithStatus::Ready(engine.clone()));
-            }
            RegionChange::Catchup => {}
        }
    }
@@ -1315,7 +1370,7 @@ mod tests {
            .unwrap_err();

        let status = mock_region_server.inner.region_map.get(&region_id);
-        assert!(status.is_some());
+        assert!(status.is_none());
    }

    struct CurrentEngineTest {
--- a/src/datanode/src/service.rs
+++ b/src/datanode/src/service.rs
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ impl<'a> DatanodeServiceBuilder<'a> {
        let handlers = ServerHandlers::default();

        if let Some(grpc_server) = self.grpc_server.take() {
-            let addr: SocketAddr = self.opts.grpc.bind_addr.parse().context(ParseAddrSnafu {
-                addr: &self.opts.grpc.bind_addr,
+            let addr: SocketAddr = self.opts.grpc.addr.parse().context(ParseAddrSnafu {
+                addr: &self.opts.grpc.addr,
            })?;
            let handler: ServerHandler = (Box::new(grpc_server), addr);
            handlers.insert(handler).await;
--- a/src/datanode/src/tests.rs
+++ b/src/datanode/src/tests.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ use store_api::region_engine::{
    SettableRegionRoleState,
 };
 use store_api::region_request::{AffectedRows, RegionRequest};
-use store_api::storage::{RegionId, ScanRequest, SequenceNumber};
+use store_api::storage::{RegionId, ScanRequest};
 use table::TableRef;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, Sender};

@@ -218,10 +218,6 @@ impl RegionEngine for MockRegionEngine {
        unimplemented!()
    }

-    async fn get_last_seq_num(&self, _: RegionId) -> Result<Option<SequenceNumber>, BoxedError> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-
    async fn stop(&self) -> Result<(), BoxedError> {
        Ok(())
    }
--- a/src/datatypes/src/schema/column_schema.rs
+++ b/src/datatypes/src/schema/column_schema.rs
@@ -183,6 +183,12 @@ impl ColumnSchema {
        self
    }

+    // Put a placeholder to invalidate schemas.all(!has_inverted_index_key).
+    pub fn insert_inverted_index_placeholder(&mut self) {
+        self.metadata
+            .insert(INVERTED_INDEX_KEY.to_string(), "".to_string());
+    }
+
    pub fn is_inverted_indexed(&self) -> bool {
        self.metadata
            .get(INVERTED_INDEX_KEY)
@@ -380,11 +386,6 @@ impl ColumnSchema {
        );
        Ok(())
    }
-
-    pub fn unset_skipping_options(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.metadata.remove(SKIPPING_INDEX_KEY);
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }

 /// Column extended type set in column schema's metadata.
--- a/src/datatypes/src/vectors/binary.rs
+++ b/src/datatypes/src/vectors/binary.rs
@@ -77,32 +77,27 @@ impl BinaryVector {
            .unwrap()
            .iter()
        {
-            let Some(binary) = binary else {
-                vector.push(None);
-                continue;
-            };
-
-            if let Ok(s) = String::from_utf8(binary.to_vec()) {
-                if let Ok(v) = parse_string_to_vector_type_value(&s, Some(dim)) {
-                    vector.push(Some(v));
-                    continue;
+            let v = if let Some(binary) = binary {
+                let bytes_size = dim as usize * std::mem::size_of::<f32>();
+                if let Ok(s) = String::from_utf8(binary.to_vec()) {
+                    let v = parse_string_to_vector_type_value(&s, Some(dim))?;
+                    Some(v)
+                } else if binary.len() == dim as usize * std::mem::size_of::<f32>() {
+                    Some(binary.to_vec())
+                } else {
+                    return InvalidVectorSnafu {
+                        msg: format!(
+                            "Unexpected bytes size for vector value, expected {}, got {}",
+                            bytes_size,
+                            binary.len()
+                        ),
+                    }
+                    .fail();
                }
-            }
-
-            let expected_bytes_size = dim as usize * std::mem::size_of::<f32>();
-            if binary.len() == expected_bytes_size {
-                vector.push(Some(binary.to_vec()));
-                continue;
            } else {
-                return InvalidVectorSnafu {
-                    msg: format!(
-                        "Unexpected bytes size for vector value, expected {}, got {}",
-                        expected_bytes_size,
-                        binary.len()
-                    ),
-                }
-                .fail();
-            }
+                None
+            };
+            vector.push(v);
        }
        Ok(BinaryVector::from(vector))
    }
--- a/src/datatypes/src/vectors/decimal.rs
+++ b/src/datatypes/src/vectors/decimal.rs
@@ -387,43 +387,6 @@ impl Decimal128VectorBuilder {

 vectors::impl_try_from_arrow_array_for_vector!(Decimal128Array, Decimal128Vector);

-pub(crate) fn replicate_decimal128(
-    vector: &Decimal128Vector,
-    offsets: &[usize],
-) -> Decimal128Vector {
-    assert_eq!(offsets.len(), vector.len());
-
-    if offsets.is_empty() {
-        return vector.get_slice(0, 0);
-    }
-
-    // Safety: safe to unwrap because we the vector ensures precision and scale are valid.
-    let mut builder = Decimal128VectorBuilder::with_capacity(*offsets.last().unwrap())
-        .with_precision_and_scale(vector.precision(), vector.scale())
-        .unwrap();
-
-    let mut previous_offset = 0;
-
-    for (offset, value) in offsets.iter().zip(vector.array.iter()) {
-        let repeat_times = *offset - previous_offset;
-        match value {
-            Some(data) => {
-                unsafe {
-                    // Safety: std::iter::Repeat and std::iter::Take implement TrustedLen.
-                    builder
-                        .mutable_array
-                        .append_trusted_len_iter(std::iter::repeat(data).take(repeat_times));
-                }
-            }
-            None => {
-                builder.mutable_array.append_nulls(repeat_times);
-            }
-        }
-        previous_offset = *offset;
-    }
-    builder.finish()
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub mod tests {
    use arrow_array::Decimal128Array;
--- a/src/datatypes/src/vectors/operations.rs
+++ b/src/datatypes/src/vectors/operations.rs
@@ -114,30 +114,13 @@ macro_rules! impl_scalar_vector_op {
    )+};
 }

-impl_scalar_vector_op!(BinaryVector, BooleanVector, ListVector, StringVector);
-
-impl VectorOp for Decimal128Vector {
-    fn replicate(&self, offsets: &[usize]) -> VectorRef {
-        std::sync::Arc::new(replicate::replicate_decimal128(self, offsets))
-    }
-
-    fn find_unique(&self, selected: &mut BitVec, prev_vector: Option<&dyn Vector>) {
-        let prev_vector = prev_vector.and_then(|pv| pv.as_any().downcast_ref::<Decimal128Vector>());
-        find_unique::find_unique_scalar(self, selected, prev_vector);
-    }
-
-    fn filter(&self, filter: &BooleanVector) -> Result<VectorRef> {
-        filter::filter_non_constant!(self, Decimal128Vector, filter)
-    }
-
-    fn cast(&self, to_type: &ConcreteDataType) -> Result<VectorRef> {
-        cast::cast_non_constant!(self, to_type)
-    }
-
-    fn take(&self, indices: &UInt32Vector) -> Result<VectorRef> {
-        take::take_indices!(self, Decimal128Vector, indices)
-    }
-}
+impl_scalar_vector_op!(
+    BinaryVector,
+    BooleanVector,
+    ListVector,
+    StringVector,
+    Decimal128Vector
+);

 impl<T: LogicalPrimitiveType> VectorOp for PrimitiveVector<T> {
    fn replicate(&self, offsets: &[usize]) -> VectorRef {
--- a/src/datatypes/src/vectors/operations/replicate.rs
+++ b/src/datatypes/src/vectors/operations/replicate.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.

 use crate::prelude::*;
-pub(crate) use crate::vectors::decimal::replicate_decimal128;
 pub(crate) use crate::vectors::null::replicate_null;
 pub(crate) use crate::vectors::primitive::replicate_primitive;

@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ mod tests {

    use super::*;
    use crate::vectors::constant::ConstantVector;
-    use crate::vectors::{Decimal128Vector, Int32Vector, NullVector, StringVector, VectorOp};
+    use crate::vectors::{Int32Vector, NullVector, StringVector, VectorOp};

    #[test]
    fn test_replicate_primitive() {
@@ -168,23 +167,4 @@ mod tests {
        impl_replicate_timestamp_test!(Microsecond);
        impl_replicate_timestamp_test!(Nanosecond);
    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_replicate_decimal() {
-        let data = vec![100];
-        // create a decimal vector
-        let v = Decimal128Vector::from_values(data.clone())
-            .with_precision_and_scale(10, 2)
-            .unwrap();
-        let offsets = [5];
-        let v = v.replicate(&offsets);
-        assert_eq!(5, v.len());
-
-        let expect: VectorRef = Arc::new(
-            Decimal128Vector::from_values(vec![100; 5])
-                .with_precision_and_scale(10, 2)
-                .unwrap(),
-        );
-        assert_eq!(expect, v);
-    }
 }
--- a/src/file-engine/src/engine.rs
+++ b/src/file-engine/src/engine.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ use store_api::region_request::{
    AffectedRows, RegionCloseRequest, RegionCreateRequest, RegionDropRequest, RegionOpenRequest,
    RegionRequest,
 };
-use store_api::storage::{RegionId, ScanRequest, SequenceNumber};
+use store_api::storage::{RegionId, ScanRequest};
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;

 use crate::config::EngineConfig;
@@ -114,10 +114,6 @@ impl RegionEngine for FileRegionEngine {
        None
    }

-    async fn get_last_seq_num(&self, _: RegionId) -> Result<Option<SequenceNumber>, BoxedError> {
-        Ok(None)
-    }
-
    fn set_region_role(&self, region_id: RegionId, role: RegionRole) -> Result<(), BoxedError> {
        self.inner
            .set_region_role(region_id, role)
--- a/src/flow/src/adapter.rs
+++ b/src/flow/src/adapter.rs
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ impl Default for FlownodeOptions {
            cluster_id: None,
            node_id: None,
            flow: FlowConfig::default(),
-            grpc: GrpcOptions::default().with_bind_addr("127.0.0.1:3004"),
+            grpc: GrpcOptions::default().with_addr("127.0.0.1:3004"),
            http: HttpOptions::default(),
            meta_client: None,
            logging: LoggingOptions::default(),
--- a/src/flow/src/adapter/util.rs
+++ b/src/flow/src/adapter/util.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use common_meta::key::table_info::TableInfoValue;
 use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
 use datatypes::schema::ColumnSchema;
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use operator::expr_helper;
+use operator::expr_factory::CreateExprFactory;
 use session::context::QueryContextBuilder;
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
 use table::table_reference::TableReference;
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ use crate::adapter::{TableName, WorkerHandle, AUTO_CREATED_PLACEHOLDER_TS_COL};
 use crate::error::{Error, ExternalSnafu, UnexpectedSnafu};
 use crate::repr::{ColumnType, RelationDesc, RelationType};
 use crate::FlowWorkerManager;
+
 impl FlowWorkerManager {
    /// Get a worker handle for creating flow, using round robin to select a worker
    pub(crate) async fn get_worker_handle_for_create_flow(&self) -> &WorkerHandle {
@@ -65,18 +66,19 @@ impl FlowWorkerManager {
        let proto_schema = column_schemas_to_proto(tys.clone(), &pks)?;

        // create sink table
-        let create_expr = expr_helper::create_table_expr_by_column_schemas(
-            &TableReference {
-                catalog: &table_name[0],
-                schema: &table_name[1],
-                table: &table_name[2],
-            },
-            &proto_schema,
-            "mito",
-            Some(&format!("Sink table for flow {}", flow_name)),
-        )
-        .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-        .context(ExternalSnafu)?;
+        let create_expr = CreateExprFactory {}
+            .create_table_expr_by_column_schemas(
+                &TableReference {
+                    catalog: &table_name[0],
+                    schema: &table_name[1],
+                    table: &table_name[2],
+                },
+                &proto_schema,
+                "mito",
+                Some(&format!("Sink table for flow {}", flow_name)),
+            )
+            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+            .context(ExternalSnafu)?;

        self.submit_create_sink_table_ddl(create_expr).await?;
        Ok(true)
--- a/src/flow/src/heartbeat.rs
+++ b/src/flow/src/heartbeat.rs
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl HeartbeatTask {
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            node_id: opts.node_id.unwrap_or(0),
-            peer_addr: addrs::resolve_addr(&opts.grpc.bind_addr, Some(&opts.grpc.server_addr)),
+            peer_addr: addrs::resolve_addr(&opts.grpc.addr, Some(&opts.grpc.hostname)),
            meta_client,
            report_interval: heartbeat_opts.interval,
            retry_interval: heartbeat_opts.retry_interval,
--- a/src/flow/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/flow/src/server.rs
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ impl FlownodeBuilder {

        let heartbeat_task = self.heartbeat_task;

-        let addr = self.opts.grpc.bind_addr;
+        let addr = self.opts.grpc.addr;
        let instance = FlownodeInstance {
            server,
            addr: addr.parse().context(ParseAddrSnafu { addr })?,
--- a/src/frontend/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/frontend/Cargo.toml
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ common-runtime.workspace = true
 common-telemetry.workspace = true
 common-time.workspace = true
 common-version.workspace = true
-datafusion.workspace = true
 datafusion-expr.workspace = true
 datanode.workspace = true
 datatypes.workspace = true
@@ -52,8 +51,8 @@ prometheus.workspace = true
 promql-parser.workspace = true
 prost.workspace = true
 query.workspace = true
+raft-engine.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
-serde_json.workspace = true
 servers.workspace = true
 session.workspace = true
 snafu.workspace = true
--- a/src/frontend/src/frontend.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/frontend.rs
@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ use servers::heartbeat_options::HeartbeatOptions;
 use servers::http::HttpOptions;

 use crate::service_config::{
-    InfluxdbOptions, JaegerOptions, MysqlOptions, OpentsdbOptions, OtlpOptions, PostgresOptions,
-    PromStoreOptions,
+    InfluxdbOptions, MysqlOptions, OpentsdbOptions, OtlpOptions, PostgresOptions, PromStoreOptions,
 };

 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -41,7 +40,6 @@ pub struct FrontendOptions {
    pub opentsdb: OpentsdbOptions,
    pub influxdb: InfluxdbOptions,
    pub prom_store: PromStoreOptions,
-    pub jaeger: JaegerOptions,
    pub otlp: OtlpOptions,
    pub meta_client: Option<MetaClientOptions>,
    pub logging: LoggingOptions,
@@ -64,7 +62,6 @@ impl Default for FrontendOptions {
            postgres: PostgresOptions::default(),
            opentsdb: OpentsdbOptions::default(),
            influxdb: InfluxdbOptions::default(),
-            jaeger: JaegerOptions::default(),
            prom_store: PromStoreOptions::default(),
            otlp: OtlpOptions::default(),
            meta_client: None,
--- a/src/frontend/src/heartbeat.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/heartbeat.rs
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl HeartbeatTask {
        resp_handler_executor: HeartbeatResponseHandlerExecutorRef,
    ) -> Self {
        HeartbeatTask {
-            peer_addr: addrs::resolve_addr(&opts.grpc.bind_addr, Some(&opts.grpc.server_addr)),
+            peer_addr: addrs::resolve_addr(&opts.grpc.addr, Some(&opts.grpc.hostname)),
            meta_client,
            report_interval: heartbeat_opts.interval.as_millis() as u64,
            retry_interval: heartbeat_opts.retry_interval.as_millis() as u64,
--- a/src/frontend/src/instance.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/instance.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 pub mod builder;
 mod grpc;
 mod influxdb;
-mod jaeger;
 mod log_handler;
 mod logs;
 mod opentsdb;
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ use common_procedure::local::{LocalManager, ManagerConfig};
 use common_procedure::options::ProcedureConfig;
 use common_procedure::ProcedureManagerRef;
 use common_query::Output;
-use common_telemetry::{debug, error, info, tracing};
+use common_telemetry::{debug, error, tracing};
 use datafusion_expr::LogicalPlan;
 use log_store::raft_engine::RaftEngineBackend;
 use operator::delete::DeleterRef;
@@ -56,6 +55,7 @@ use query::query_engine::options::{validate_catalog_and_schema, QueryOptions};
 use query::query_engine::DescribeResult;
 use query::stats::StatementStatistics;
 use query::QueryEngineRef;
+use raft_engine::{Config, ReadableSize, RecoveryMode};
 use servers::error as server_error;
 use servers::error::{AuthSnafu, ExecuteQuerySnafu, ParsePromQLSnafu};
 use servers::export_metrics::ExportMetricsTask;
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ use servers::prometheus_handler::PrometheusHandler;
 use servers::query_handler::grpc::GrpcQueryHandler;
 use servers::query_handler::sql::SqlQueryHandler;
 use servers::query_handler::{
-    InfluxdbLineProtocolHandler, JaegerQueryHandler, LogQueryHandler, OpenTelemetryProtocolHandler,
+    InfluxdbLineProtocolHandler, LogQueryHandler, OpenTelemetryProtocolHandler,
    OpentsdbProtocolHandler, PipelineHandler, PromStoreProtocolHandler,
 };
 use servers::server::ServerHandlers;
@@ -101,7 +101,6 @@ pub trait FrontendInstance:
    + PrometheusHandler
    + PipelineHandler
    + LogQueryHandler
-    + JaegerQueryHandler
    + Send
    + Sync
    + 'static
@@ -135,15 +134,19 @@ impl Instance {
        kv_backend_config: KvBackendConfig,
        procedure_config: ProcedureConfig,
    ) -> Result<(KvBackendRef, ProcedureManagerRef)> {
-        info!(
-            "Creating metadata kvbackend with config: {:?}",
-            kv_backend_config
-        );
-        let kv_backend = RaftEngineBackend::try_open_with_cfg(dir, &kv_backend_config)
+        let kv_backend = Arc::new(
+            RaftEngineBackend::try_open_with_cfg(Config {
+                dir,
+                purge_threshold: ReadableSize(kv_backend_config.purge_threshold.0),
+                recovery_mode: RecoveryMode::TolerateTailCorruption,
+                batch_compression_threshold: ReadableSize::kb(8),
+                target_file_size: ReadableSize(kv_backend_config.file_size.0),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-            .context(error::OpenRaftEngineBackendSnafu)?;
+            .context(error::OpenRaftEngineBackendSnafu)?,
+        );

-        let kv_backend = Arc::new(kv_backend);
        let state_store = Arc::new(KvStateStore::new(kv_backend.clone()));

        let manager_config = ManagerConfig {
@@ -169,10 +172,6 @@ impl Instance {
        &self.catalog_manager
    }

-    pub fn query_engine(&self) -> &QueryEngineRef {
-        &self.query_engine
-    }
-
    pub fn plugins(&self) -> Plugins {
        self.plugins.clone()
    }
--- a/src/frontend/src/instance/jaeger.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/instance/jaeger.rs
@@ -1,337 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use async_trait::async_trait;
-use catalog::CatalogManagerRef;
-use common_function::function::{Function, FunctionRef};
-use common_function::scalars::json::json_get::{
-    JsonGetBool, JsonGetFloat, JsonGetInt, JsonGetString,
-};
-use common_function::scalars::udf::create_udf;
-use common_function::state::FunctionState;
-use common_query::Output;
-use common_recordbatch::adapter::RecordBatchStreamAdapter;
-use datafusion::dataframe::DataFrame;
-use datafusion::execution::context::SessionContext;
-use datafusion::execution::SessionStateBuilder;
-use datafusion_expr::{col, lit, lit_timestamp_nano, Expr};
-use query::QueryEngineRef;
-use serde_json::Value as JsonValue;
-use servers::error::{
-    CatalogSnafu, CollectRecordbatchSnafu, DataFusionSnafu, Result as ServerResult,
-    TableNotFoundSnafu,
-};
-use servers::http::jaeger::QueryTraceParams;
-use servers::otlp::trace::{
-    DURATION_NANO_COLUMN, SERVICE_NAME_COLUMN, SPAN_ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN, SPAN_ID_COLUMN,
-    SPAN_KIND_COLUMN, SPAN_KIND_PREFIX, SPAN_NAME_COLUMN, TIMESTAMP_COLUMN, TRACE_ID_COLUMN,
-    TRACE_TABLE_NAME,
-};
-use servers::query_handler::JaegerQueryHandler;
-use session::context::QueryContextRef;
-use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
-use table::table::adapter::DfTableProviderAdapter;
-
-use super::Instance;
-
-const DEFAULT_LIMIT: usize = 100;
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl JaegerQueryHandler for Instance {
-    async fn get_services(&self, ctx: QueryContextRef) -> ServerResult<Output> {
-        // It's equivalent to `SELECT DISTINCT(service_name) FROM {db}.{trace_table}`.
-        Ok(query_trace_table(
-            ctx,
-            self.catalog_manager(),
-            self.query_engine(),
-            vec![col(SERVICE_NAME_COLUMN)],
-            vec![],
-            Some(DEFAULT_LIMIT),
-            None,
-            true,
-        )
-        .await?)
-    }
-
-    async fn get_operations(
-        &self,
-        ctx: QueryContextRef,
-        service_name: &str,
-        span_kind: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> ServerResult<Output> {
-        let mut filters = vec![col(SERVICE_NAME_COLUMN).eq(lit(service_name))];
-
-        if let Some(span_kind) = span_kind {
-            filters.push(col(SPAN_KIND_COLUMN).eq(lit(format!(
-                "{}{}",
-                SPAN_KIND_PREFIX,
-                span_kind.to_uppercase()
-            ))));
-        }
-
-        // It's equivalent to `SELECT span_name, span_kind FROM {db}.{trace_table} WHERE service_name = '{service_name}'`.
-        Ok(query_trace_table(
-            ctx,
-            self.catalog_manager(),
-            self.query_engine(),
-            vec![
-                col(SPAN_NAME_COLUMN),
-                col(SPAN_KIND_COLUMN),
-                col(SERVICE_NAME_COLUMN),
-            ],
-            filters,
-            Some(DEFAULT_LIMIT),
-            None,
-            false,
-        )
-        .await?)
-    }
-
-    async fn get_trace(&self, ctx: QueryContextRef, trace_id: &str) -> ServerResult<Output> {
-        // It's equivalent to `SELECT trace_id, timestamp, duration_nano, service_name, span_name, span_id, span_attributes FROM {db}.{trace_table} WHERE trace_id = '{trace_id}'`.
-        let selects = vec![
-            col(TRACE_ID_COLUMN),
-            col(TIMESTAMP_COLUMN),
-            col(DURATION_NANO_COLUMN),
-            col(SERVICE_NAME_COLUMN),
-            col(SPAN_NAME_COLUMN),
-            col(SPAN_ID_COLUMN),
-            col(SPAN_ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN),
-        ];
-
-        let filters = vec![col(TRACE_ID_COLUMN).eq(lit(trace_id))];
-
-        Ok(query_trace_table(
-            ctx,
-            self.catalog_manager(),
-            self.query_engine(),
-            selects,
-            filters,
-            Some(DEFAULT_LIMIT),
-            None,
-            false,
-        )
-        .await?)
-    }
-
-    async fn find_traces(
-        &self,
-        ctx: QueryContextRef,
-        query_params: QueryTraceParams,
-    ) -> ServerResult<Output> {
-        let selects = vec![
-            col(TRACE_ID_COLUMN),
-            col(TIMESTAMP_COLUMN),
-            col(DURATION_NANO_COLUMN),
-            col(SERVICE_NAME_COLUMN),
-            col(SPAN_NAME_COLUMN),
-            col(SPAN_ID_COLUMN),
-            col(SPAN_ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN),
-        ];
-
-        let mut filters = vec![];
-
-        if let Some(operation_name) = query_params.operation_name {
-            filters.push(col(SPAN_NAME_COLUMN).eq(lit(operation_name)));
-        }
-
-        if let Some(start_time) = query_params.start_time {
-            filters.push(col(TIMESTAMP_COLUMN).gt_eq(lit_timestamp_nano(start_time)));
-        }
-
-        if let Some(end_time) = query_params.end_time {
-            filters.push(col(TIMESTAMP_COLUMN).lt_eq(lit_timestamp_nano(end_time)));
-        }
-
-        if let Some(min_duration) = query_params.min_duration {
-            filters.push(col(DURATION_NANO_COLUMN).gt_eq(lit(min_duration)));
-        }
-
-        if let Some(max_duration) = query_params.max_duration {
-            filters.push(col(DURATION_NANO_COLUMN).lt_eq(lit(max_duration)));
-        }
-
-        Ok(query_trace_table(
-            ctx,
-            self.catalog_manager(),
-            self.query_engine(),
-            selects,
-            filters,
-            Some(DEFAULT_LIMIT),
-            query_params.tags,
-            false,
-        )
-        .await?)
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-async fn query_trace_table(
-    ctx: QueryContextRef,
-    catalog_manager: &CatalogManagerRef,
-    query_engine: &QueryEngineRef,
-    selects: Vec<Expr>,
-    filters: Vec<Expr>,
-    limit: Option<usize>,
-    tags: Option<HashMap<String, JsonValue>>,
-    distinct: bool,
-) -> ServerResult<Output> {
-    let db = ctx.get_db_string();
-    let table = catalog_manager
-        .table(ctx.current_catalog(), &db, TRACE_TABLE_NAME, Some(&ctx))
-        .await
-        .context(CatalogSnafu)?
-        .with_context(|| TableNotFoundSnafu {
-            table: TRACE_TABLE_NAME,
-            catalog: ctx.current_catalog(),
-            schema: db,
-        })?;
-
-    let df_context = create_df_context(query_engine, ctx.clone())?;
-
-    let dataframe = df_context
-        .read_table(Arc::new(DfTableProviderAdapter::new(table)))
-        .context(DataFusionSnafu)?;
-
-    let dataframe = dataframe.select(selects).context(DataFusionSnafu)?;
-
-    // Apply all filters.
-    let dataframe = filters
-        .into_iter()
-        .chain(tags.map_or(Ok(vec![]), |t| tags_filters(&dataframe, t))?)
-        .try_fold(dataframe, |df, expr| {
-            df.filter(expr).context(DataFusionSnafu)
-        })?;
-
-    // Apply the distinct if needed.
-    let dataframe = if distinct {
-        dataframe.distinct().context(DataFusionSnafu)?
-    } else {
-        dataframe
-    };
-
-    // Apply the limit if needed.
-    let dataframe = if let Some(limit) = limit {
-        dataframe.limit(0, Some(limit)).context(DataFusionSnafu)?
-    } else {
-        dataframe
-    };
-
-    // Execute the query and collect the result.
-    let stream = dataframe.execute_stream().await.context(DataFusionSnafu)?;
-
-    let output = Output::new_with_stream(Box::pin(
-        RecordBatchStreamAdapter::try_new(stream).context(CollectRecordbatchSnafu)?,
-    ));
-
-    Ok(output)
-}
-
-// The current implementation registers UDFs during the planning stage, which makes it difficult
-// to utilize them through DataFrame APIs. To address this limitation, we create a new session
-// context and register the required UDFs, allowing them to be decoupled from the global context.
-// TODO(zyy17): Is it possible or necessary to reuse the existing session context?
-fn create_df_context(
-    query_engine: &QueryEngineRef,
-    ctx: QueryContextRef,
-) -> ServerResult<SessionContext> {
-    let df_context = SessionContext::new_with_state(
-        SessionStateBuilder::new_from_existing(query_engine.engine_state().session_state()).build(),
-    );
-
-    // The following JSON UDFs will be used for tags filters.
-    let udfs: Vec<FunctionRef> = vec![
-        Arc::new(JsonGetInt),
-        Arc::new(JsonGetFloat),
-        Arc::new(JsonGetBool),
-        Arc::new(JsonGetString),
-    ];
-
-    for udf in udfs {
-        df_context
-            .register_udf(create_udf(udf, ctx.clone(), Arc::new(FunctionState::default())).into());
-    }
-
-    Ok(df_context)
-}
-
-fn tags_filters(
-    dataframe: &DataFrame,
-    tags: HashMap<String, JsonValue>,
-) -> ServerResult<Vec<Expr>> {
-    let mut filters = vec![];
-
-    // NOTE: The key of the tags may contain `.`, for example: `http.status_code`, so we need to use `["http.status_code"]` in json path to access the value.
-    for (key, value) in tags.iter() {
-        if let JsonValue::String(value) = value {
-            filters.push(
-                dataframe
-                    .registry()
-                    .udf(JsonGetString {}.name())
-                    .context(DataFusionSnafu)?
-                    .call(vec![
-                        col(SPAN_ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN),
-                        lit(format!("[\"{}\"]", key)),
-                    ])
-                    .eq(lit(value)),
-            );
-        }
-        if let JsonValue::Number(value) = value {
-            if value.is_i64() {
-                filters.push(
-                    dataframe
-                        .registry()
-                        .udf(JsonGetInt {}.name())
-                        .context(DataFusionSnafu)?
-                        .call(vec![
-                            col(SPAN_ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN),
-                            lit(format!("[\"{}\"]", key)),
-                        ])
-                        .eq(lit(value.as_i64().unwrap())),
-                );
-            }
-            if value.is_f64() {
-                filters.push(
-                    dataframe
-                        .registry()
-                        .udf(JsonGetFloat {}.name())
-                        .context(DataFusionSnafu)?
-                        .call(vec![
-                            col(SPAN_ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN),
-                            lit(format!("[\"{}\"]", key)),
-                        ])
-                        .eq(lit(value.as_f64().unwrap())),
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        if let JsonValue::Bool(value) = value {
-            filters.push(
-                dataframe
-                    .registry()
-                    .udf(JsonGetBool {}.name())
-                    .context(DataFusionSnafu)?
-                    .call(vec![
-                        col(SPAN_ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN),
-                        lit(format!("[\"{}\"]", key)),
-                    ])
-                    .eq(lit(*value)),
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(filters)
-}
--- a/src/frontend/src/instance/otlp.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/instance/otlp.rs
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ use common_telemetry::tracing;
 use opentelemetry_proto::tonic::collector::logs::v1::ExportLogsServiceRequest;
 use opentelemetry_proto::tonic::collector::metrics::v1::ExportMetricsServiceRequest;
 use opentelemetry_proto::tonic::collector::trace::v1::ExportTraceServiceRequest;
-use pipeline::{GreptimePipelineParams, PipelineWay};
+use pipeline::PipelineWay;
 use servers::error::{self, AuthSnafu, InFlightWriteBytesExceededSnafu, Result as ServerResult};
 use servers::interceptor::{OpenTelemetryProtocolInterceptor, OpenTelemetryProtocolInterceptorRef};
 use servers::otlp;
-use servers::query_handler::{OpenTelemetryProtocolHandler, PipelineHandlerRef};
+use servers::query_handler::OpenTelemetryProtocolHandler;
 use session::context::QueryContextRef;
 use snafu::ResultExt;

@@ -112,10 +112,8 @@ impl OpenTelemetryProtocolHandler for Instance {
    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
    async fn logs(
        &self,
-        pipeline_handler: PipelineHandlerRef,
        request: ExportLogsServiceRequest,
        pipeline: PipelineWay,
-        pipeline_params: GreptimePipelineParams,
        table_name: String,
        ctx: QueryContextRef,
    ) -> ServerResult<Output> {
@@ -130,15 +128,7 @@ impl OpenTelemetryProtocolHandler for Instance {
            .get::<OpenTelemetryProtocolInterceptorRef<servers::error::Error>>();
        interceptor_ref.pre_execute(ctx.clone())?;

-        let (requests, rows) = otlp::logs::to_grpc_insert_requests(
-            request,
-            pipeline,
-            pipeline_params,
-            table_name,
-            &ctx,
-            pipeline_handler,
-        )
-        .await?;
+        let (requests, rows) = otlp::logs::to_grpc_insert_requests(request, pipeline, table_name)?;

        let _guard = if let Some(limiter) = &self.limiter {
            let result = limiter.limit_row_inserts(&requests);
--- a/src/frontend/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/server.rs
@@ -112,11 +112,6 @@ where
        if opts.otlp.enable {
            builder = builder.with_otlp_handler(self.instance.clone());
        }
-
-        if opts.jaeger.enable {
-            builder = builder.with_jaeger_handler(self.instance.clone());
-        }
-
        builder
    }

@@ -198,7 +193,7 @@ where

        {
            // Always init GRPC server
-            let grpc_addr = parse_addr(&opts.grpc.bind_addr)?;
+            let grpc_addr = parse_addr(&opts.grpc.addr)?;
            let grpc_server = self.build_grpc_server(&opts)?;
            handlers.insert((Box::new(grpc_server), grpc_addr)).await;
        }
@@ -232,7 +227,6 @@ where
                Arc::new(MysqlSpawnConfig::new(
                    opts.tls.should_force_tls(),
                    tls_server_config,
-                    opts.keep_alive.as_secs(),
                    opts.reject_no_database.unwrap_or(false),
                )),
            );
@@ -254,7 +248,6 @@ where
                ServerSqlQueryHandlerAdapter::arc(instance.clone()),
                opts.tls.should_force_tls(),
                tls_server_config,
-                opts.keep_alive.as_secs(),
                common_runtime::global_runtime(),
                user_provider.clone(),
            )) as Box<dyn Server>;
--- a/src/frontend/src/service_config.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/service_config.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.

 pub mod influxdb;
-pub mod jaeger;
 pub mod mysql;
 pub mod opentsdb;
 pub mod otlp;
@@ -21,7 +20,6 @@ pub mod postgres;
 pub mod prom_store;

 pub use influxdb::InfluxdbOptions;
-pub use jaeger::JaegerOptions;
 pub use mysql::MysqlOptions;
 pub use opentsdb::OpentsdbOptions;
 pub use otlp::OtlpOptions;
--- a/src/frontend/src/service_config/mysql.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/service_config/mysql.rs
@@ -23,12 +23,6 @@ pub struct MysqlOptions {
    #[serde(default = "Default::default")]
    pub tls: TlsOption,
    pub reject_no_database: Option<bool>,
-    /// Server-side keep-alive time.
-    ///
-    /// Set to 0 (default) to disable.
-    #[serde(default = "Default::default")]
-    #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
-    pub keep_alive: std::time::Duration,
 }

 impl Default for MysqlOptions {
@@ -39,7 +33,6 @@ impl Default for MysqlOptions {
            runtime_size: 2,
            tls: TlsOption::default(),
            reject_no_database: None,
-            keep_alive: std::time::Duration::from_secs(0),
        }
    }
 }
--- a/src/frontend/src/service_config/postgres.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/service_config/postgres.rs
@@ -22,12 +22,6 @@ pub struct PostgresOptions {
    pub runtime_size: usize,
    #[serde(default = "Default::default")]
    pub tls: TlsOption,
-    /// Server-side keep-alive time.
-    ///
-    /// Set to 0 (default) to disable.
-    #[serde(default = "Default::default")]
-    #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
-    pub keep_alive: std::time::Duration,
 }

 impl Default for PostgresOptions {
@@ -37,7 +31,6 @@ impl Default for PostgresOptions {
            addr: "127.0.0.1:4003".to_string(),
            runtime_size: 2,
            tls: Default::default(),
-            keep_alive: std::time::Duration::from_secs(0),
        }
    }
 }
--- a/src/index/src/fulltext_index/tests.rs
+++ b/src/index/src/fulltext_index/tests.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ async fn new_bounded_stager(prefix: &str) -> (TempDir, Arc<BoundedStager>) {
    let path = staging_dir.path().to_path_buf();
    (
        staging_dir,
-        Arc::new(BoundedStager::new(path, 102400, None).await.unwrap()),
+        Arc::new(BoundedStager::new(path, 102400).await.unwrap()),
    )
 }

--- a/src/log-store/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/log-store/Cargo.toml
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ async-trait.workspace = true
 bytes.workspace = true
 chrono.workspace = true
 common-base.workspace = true
-common-config.workspace = true
 common-error.workspace = true
 common-macro.workspace = true
 common-meta.workspace = true
--- a/src/log-store/src/raft_engine/backend.rs
+++ b/src/log-store/src/raft_engine/backend.rs
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@
 use std::any::Any;
 use std::ops::Bound::{Excluded, Included, Unbounded};
 use std::path::Path;
-use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
+use std::sync::RwLock;

-use common_config::KvBackendConfig;
 use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
 use common_meta::error as meta_error;
 use common_meta::kv_backend::txn::{Txn, TxnOp, TxnOpResponse, TxnRequest, TxnResponse};
@@ -31,19 +30,16 @@ use common_meta::rpc::store::{
 };
 use common_meta::rpc::KeyValue;
 use common_meta::util::get_next_prefix_key;
-use common_runtime::RepeatedTask;
-use raft_engine::{Config, Engine, LogBatch, ReadableSize, RecoveryMode};
+use raft_engine::{Config, Engine, LogBatch};
 use snafu::{IntoError, ResultExt};

-use crate::error::{self, Error, IoSnafu, RaftEngineSnafu, StartGcTaskSnafu};
-use crate::raft_engine::log_store::PurgeExpiredFilesFunction;
+use crate::error::{self, IoSnafu, RaftEngineSnafu};

 pub(crate) const SYSTEM_NAMESPACE: u64 = 0;

 /// RaftEngine based [KvBackend] implementation.
 pub struct RaftEngineBackend {
-    engine: RwLock<Arc<Engine>>,
-    _gc_task: RepeatedTask<Error>,
+    engine: RwLock<Engine>,
 }

 fn ensure_dir(dir: &str) -> error::Result<()> {
@@ -69,34 +65,15 @@ fn ensure_dir(dir: &str) -> error::Result<()> {
 }

 impl RaftEngineBackend {
-    pub fn try_open_with_cfg(dir: String, config: &KvBackendConfig) -> error::Result<Self> {
-        let cfg = Config {
-            dir: dir.to_string(),
-            purge_threshold: ReadableSize(config.purge_threshold.0),
-            recovery_mode: RecoveryMode::TolerateTailCorruption,
-            batch_compression_threshold: ReadableSize::kb(8),
-            target_file_size: ReadableSize(config.file_size.0),
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
-        ensure_dir(&dir)?;
-        if let Some(spill_dir) = &cfg.spill_dir {
+    pub fn try_open_with_cfg(config: Config) -> error::Result<Self> {
+        ensure_dir(&config.dir)?;
+        if let Some(spill_dir) = &config.spill_dir {
            ensure_dir(spill_dir)?;
        }

-        let engine = Arc::new(Engine::open(cfg).context(RaftEngineSnafu)?);
-        let gc_task = RepeatedTask::new(
-            config.purge_interval,
-            Box::new(PurgeExpiredFilesFunction {
-                engine: engine.clone(),
-            }),
-        );
-        gc_task
-            .start(common_runtime::global_runtime())
-            .context(StartGcTaskSnafu)?;
+        let engine = Engine::open(config).context(RaftEngineSnafu)?;
        Ok(Self {
            engine: RwLock::new(engine),
-            _gc_task: gc_task,
        })
    }
 }
@@ -421,11 +398,21 @@ mod tests {
    };
    use common_meta::rpc::store::{CompareAndPutRequest, CompareAndPutResponse};
    use common_test_util::temp_dir::create_temp_dir;
+    use raft_engine::{Config, ReadableSize, RecoveryMode};

    use super::*;

    fn build_kv_backend(dir: String) -> RaftEngineBackend {
-        RaftEngineBackend::try_open_with_cfg(dir, &KvBackendConfig::default()).unwrap()
+        let config = Config {
+            dir,
+            spill_dir: None,
+            recovery_mode: RecoveryMode::AbsoluteConsistency,
+            target_file_size: ReadableSize::mb(4),
+            purge_threshold: ReadableSize::mb(16),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let engine = RwLock::new(Engine::open(config).unwrap());
+        RaftEngineBackend { engine }
    }

    #[tokio::test]
--- a/src/log-store/src/raft_engine/log_store.rs
+++ b/src/log-store/src/raft_engine/log_store.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ pub struct RaftEngineLogStore {
 }

 pub struct PurgeExpiredFilesFunction {
-    pub engine: Arc<Engine>,
+    engine: Arc<Engine>,
 }

 #[async_trait::async_trait]
--- a/src/meta-srv/src/bootstrap.rs
+++ b/src/meta-srv/src/bootstrap.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use common_meta::kv_backend::chroot::ChrootKvBackend;
 use common_meta::kv_backend::etcd::EtcdStore;
 use common_meta::kv_backend::memory::MemoryKvBackend;
 #[cfg(feature = "pg_kvbackend")]
-use common_meta::kv_backend::rds::PgStore;
+use common_meta::kv_backend::postgres::PgStore;
 use common_meta::kv_backend::{KvBackendRef, ResettableKvBackendRef};
 #[cfg(feature = "pg_kvbackend")]
 use common_telemetry::error;
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Lei, HUANG	68593ae92a	### Added Deduplication and Merge Functionality - Introduced `DedupReader` and `MergeReader` in `src/mito2/src/read/sync/dedup.rs` and `src/mito2/src/read/sync/merge.rs` to handle deduplication and merging of sorted batches. ### Enhanced `BulkMemtable` Iteration - Updated `BulkMemtable` in `src/mito2/src/memtable/bulk.rs` to support deduplication and merge modes during iteration. - Added `BulkIterContext` to manage iteration context. ### Testing Enhancements - Added comprehensive tests for `BulkMemtable` and `BulkPart` in `src/mito2/src/memtable/bulk.rs` and `src/mito2/src/memtable/bulk/part.rs`. ### Code Refactoring - Made `BulkPart` and `BulkPartMeta` cloneable in `src/mito2/src/memtable/bulk/part.rs`. - Exposed internal test modules for better test coverage in `src/mito2/src/memtable/time_series.rs` and `src/mito2/src/read/merge.rs`. ### New Modules - Created `sync` module in `src/mito2/src/read.rs` to organize synchronous read operations.	2025-02-20 08:54:44 +00:00
evenyag	91d755d9b5	feat: use spawn	2025-02-13 22:49:02 +08:00
Lei, HUANG	2566d254ad	poc-write-path: Enhance BulkPart Metadata Handling - Updated `BulkMemtable` in `bulk.rs` to track and update `max_sequence`, `max_timestamp`, `min_timestamp`, and `num_rows` using `BulkPart` metadata. - Extended `BulkPartMeta` in `bulk/part.rs` to include `max_sequence`. - Modified `mutations_to_record_batch` function to return `max_sequence` along with timestamps in `bulk/part.rs`. - Adjusted `BulkPartEncoder` to handle the new `max_sequence` metadata in `bulk/part.rs`.	2025-02-10 15:14:45 +00:00
WenyXu	0ec4ed804d	fix: fix alter logic bug	2025-02-10 14:24:13 +00:00
evenyag	cc435234a4	chore: error handling in handle_batch_body	2025-02-10 21:38:10 +08:00
WenyXu	9c4aa81f85	fix: fix add column validation	2025-02-10 13:28:30 +00:00
evenyag	bdbb5435ea	feat: region server use handle_batch_body	2025-02-10 21:20:14 +08:00
WenyXu	fd9940a253	fix: fix compile	2025-02-10 13:18:01 +00:00
WenyXu	e0bafd661c	chore: unused error	2025-02-10 12:57:55 +00:00
WenyXu	99baa86b6a	feat(metric-engine): introduce batch alter request handling	2025-02-10 12:57:54 +00:00
WenyXu	76d69901ea	feat(metric-engine): introduce batch create request handling	2025-02-10 12:57:04 +00:00
WenyXu	764a57b80a	refactor: introduce RegionRequestBundle::Vector	2025-02-10 12:55:30 +00:00
WenyXu	95b388d819	refactor: refactor region server requests handling	2025-02-10 12:55:28 +00:00
evenyag	c2b556e321	feat: batch put logical regions	2025-02-10 19:32:21 +08:00
evenyag	06ebe6b3fb	feat: handle body	2025-02-10 19:32:14 +08:00
Lei, HUANG	bec8245e75	poc-write-path: Enhance Memtable Handling with Primary Key Encoding • Introduced PrimaryKeyEncoding to differentiate between dense and sparse primary key encodings. • Updated BulkMemtableBuilder to conditionally create memtables based on primary key encoding. • Integrated PartitionTreeMemtableBuilder as a fallback for dense encodings. • Modified RegionWriteCtx to handle mutations differently based on primary key encoding. • Adjusted RegionWorkerLoop to skip bulk encoding for dense primary key mutations. • Refactored SparseEncoder to support conditional compilation for testing purposes.	2025-02-10 14:38:11 +08:00
Lei, HUANG	3cb2343f7f	poc-write-path: ### Implement Sparse Primary Key Encoding - Added `SparseEncoder`: Introduced a new module `encoder.rs` to implement sparse primary key encoding, replacing the previous dense encoding approach. - Updated `BulkPartEncoder`: Modified `BulkPartEncoder` in `bulk/part.rs` to utilize `SparseEncoder` for encoding primary keys. - Refactored `PartitionTree`: Updated `partition_tree/tree.rs` to use the new `SparseEncoder` for primary key encoding. - Code Adjustments: Removed redundant code and adjusted imports in `key_values.rs` and `partition_tree/tree.rs` to align with the new encoding strategy.	2025-02-08 08:10:16 +00:00
Lei, HUANG	d10c207371	poc-write-path: Add allocation tracking to `BulkMemtable` methods - Updated `write_bulk` in `bulk.rs` to track memory allocation using `alloc_tracker.on_allocation`. - Modified `freeze` in `bulk.rs` to signal completion of allocation with `alloc_tracker.done_allocating`.	2025-02-06 09:17:37 +00:00
Lei, HUANG	1a73a40bd9	Merge remote-tracking branch 'GreptimeTeam/poc-write-path' into poc-write-path	2025-02-06 08:55:39 +00:00
evenyag	713a73e9b2	feat: encode bulk before writing wal * store bulk in wal * write the BulkPart to the memtable directly	2025-02-06 16:36:41 +08:00
Lei, HUANG	65a88a63db	poc-write-path: feat(memtable): Add BulkMemtableBuilder and BulkMemtable - Introduced `BulkMemtableBuilder` and `BulkMemtable` in `memtable.rs` and `bulk.rs` to support bulk operations. - Added environment variable check for `enable_bulk_memtable` to conditionally use `BulkMemtableBuilder`. - Implemented `MemtableBuilder` for `BulkMemtableBuilder` and `Memtable` for `BulkMemtable`. - Included new fields `dedup` and `merge_mode` in `BulkMemtable` to handle deduplication and merge operations. - Temporarily disabled reads in `BulkMemtable` with `EmptyIter` as a placeholder iterator.	2025-02-06 07:36:37 +00:00
Lei, HUANG	5ad1436a8f	Merge remote-tracking branch 'GreptimeTeam/poc-write-path' into poc-write-path	2025-02-06 06:44:33 +00:00
Lei, HUANG	ae59206caf	feat: impl stats	2025-02-06 06:38:44 +00:00
evenyag	094d0fcdf5	feat: add bulk to wal Mutation	2025-02-05 21:16:18 +08:00
evenyag	7170120de6	chore: update proto (add bulk to Mutation)	2025-02-05 21:05:01 +08:00