jeremyhi
deae75ffee
* fix(log-store): refuse to open object store WAL regions whose history is missing A region persists only its WAL prefix, not the object store that holds it. After `[wal].storage_provider`, or the bucket or root of the provider it names, changes, or after the objects under the prefix are deleted, every region reopened against a prefix without its history, replayed nothing and silently lost its acknowledged writes that were not flushed. Add `LogStore::check_region_history` and `LogStore::start_region_history`, whose defaults accept and do nothing, so Raft Engine and Kafka are unchanged. The object store WAL reports the history of a region as missing when recovery found no object under the prefix, or when the region's watermark names an object above the newest object holding entries that recovery indexed, unless the catalog holds the region's entries through the watermark or the region's history starts in the store. Both rest on invariants of the prefix: an opened prefix is never empty, and a persisted watermark names an object at or below the newest object holding entries, which collection never deletes. The segment of release records counts as entries, since an object holding only release records can be the one collection keeps; start objects hold no segment and do not move the bound. When a store that found its prefix empty refuses a region, the actor gives up its start object, so the next start refuses the region again. It agrees only while nothing was handed an id, no batch, append, release or create waits, no failed release is kept, no other object was listed, the catalog holds only the start object and no region's history started in the store, deciding under the lock region registration takes. It then records a terminal error, deletes the object as one of its tracked deletes, which `stop` waits for, and answers every refusal once that delete settled. Mito runs the check before it replays an existing region on open, on catch-up and when a create finds the region present, with the larger of the flushed and truncated entry ids, and records the history of a region it creates; regions that skip the WAL and noop regions are not checked. A missing history fails the open with an error naming the region, the prefix, the configured storage and how to move the WAL by copying its objects. The new `[wal].accept_missing_history` option, off by default, opens such a region without its unflushed writes instead, with a warning and the counter `greptime_logstore_object_store_wal_missing_history_accepted_total`. Signed-off-by: jeremyhi <fengjiachun@gmail.com> * docs(rfc): describe the object store WAL history check Describe the open-time history check, the prefix invariants it relies on, how release records bound the history, the start object withdrawal of a refused open and the window that remains, the accept_missing_history option and how to move a WAL by copying its objects, and update the metrics, Mito integration, evidence, compatibility and cluster alignment sections. Signed-off-by: jeremyhi <fengjiachun@gmail.com> * fix(log-store): unindex the start object a refused open withdrew A withdrawal that deleted the start object left it in the catalog and in the indexed object and byte gauges for the rest of the process. Remove it from both once the delete succeeded, and keep it when the delete failed. Signed-off-by: jeremyhi <fengjiachun@gmail.com> * docs(rfc): separate the withdrawal windows of start objects and entries An append or a release admitted before a refusal leaves an object holding entries, which may have collected the start object, so the next start also passes watermarks at or below that object. Signed-off-by: jeremyhi <fengjiachun@gmail.com> * fix(log-store): keep a successor's chain complete across a late withdrawal A start object withdrawn after another instance recovered it was linked by that instance's start object, which carried reclaim boundary 0, so once the delete landed the next open found no complete chain. A start object now reclaims every object below it when the recovered chain holds no segment, so such a delete stays below its boundary. Signed-off-by: jeremyhi <fengjiachun@gmail.com> * fix(mito2): record a created region's WAL history before its manifest A create recorded the region's WAL history after it persisted the manifest, so a withdrawal in between failed the create but left a manifest that the next start refused as a region without its history. Record the history first, so such a create fails before it writes anything. Signed-off-by: jeremyhi <fengjiachun@gmail.com> * docs(rfc): describe the start boundary of a chain without segments and the create order Signed-off-by: jeremyhi <fengjiachun@gmail.com> --------- Signed-off-by: jeremyhi <fengjiachun@gmail.com>
Metrics, logs, and traces.
One engine, on your infrastructure.
A columnar database for metrics, logs, and traces on object storage. Apache-2.0 licensed core.
User Guide · API Docs · Roadmap 2026 · Slack
stable for production · canary includes pre-releases · nightly is a weekly snapshot of main
Introduction
GreptimeDB is an open-source observability database. Metrics, logs, and traces run on one columnar engine over object storage and share one table model: tags, timestamp, and fields. When signals carry common identifiers such as service, host, or trace ID, you can correlate them in SQL without moving data between databases.
Ingest through OpenTelemetry, Prometheus Remote Write, Loki Push, or Elasticsearch Bulk. Use SQL across observability data and PromQL for metrics. Migrate ingestion one signal at a time without rebuilding your collectors.
One Query Across Signals
OpenTelemetry ingestion writes spans to opentelemetry_traces and log records to
opentelemetry_logs. Both tables carry trace_id, so correlating them is a join:
-- The slowest failed spans in the last hour,
-- with the log lines emitted inside those same traces.
SELECT
t.service_name,
t.span_name,
t.duration_nano / 1000000 AS duration_ms,
l.timestamp AS log_time,
l.severity_text,
l.body
FROM opentelemetry_traces t
JOIN opentelemetry_logs l ON l.trace_id = t.trace_id
WHERE t.timestamp > now() - INTERVAL '1' HOUR
AND t.span_status_code = 'STATUS_CODE_ERROR'
ORDER BY t.duration_nano DESC
LIMIT 20;
Metrics join the same way, on any tag the tables share, such as service,
host, or pod.
Why You Might Use It
- You run Prometheus plus Loki or Elasticsearch and want one backend instead of three
- You have outgrown Prometheus on cardinality or retention and don't want the Thanos/Mimir operational surface
- You are hitting Loki's query performance limits as log volume grows
- You need long retention on object storage without a separate analytics stack
- You want to query telemetry with SQL, not only a domain query language
- You are storing GenAI or agent telemetry (OTel GenAI conventions) alongside infrastructure signals
Learn more in Why GreptimeDB.
What's Supported
| Ingest | OpenTelemetry (OTLP), Prometheus Remote Write, Loki Push, Elasticsearch Bulk, InfluxDB line protocol, gRPC |
| Query | SQL, PromQL, Jaeger-compatible trace queries, MySQL and PostgreSQL wire protocols |
| Storage | S3, GCS, Azure Blob and S3-compatible endpoints as primary storage, with memory and local-disk caches |
| Built in | Retention policies, downsampling, continuous aggregation, explicit table partitioning, and inverted / skipping / fulltext indexes |
Compute and storage are disaggregated: object storage holds the data, while memory and local-disk caches keep recent and frequently queried data close to compute.
Benchmarks
- Agent RCA Bench: LLM agents doing root cause analysis over GreptimeDB versus Prometheus + Loki + Tempo. 40% fewer wrong diagnoses, 48% fewer input tokens, 45% lower cost (write-up)
- GreptimeDB tops JSONBench's billion-record cold run test
- TSBS Benchmark
- More benchmark reports
Compatibility and Migration
Compatibility is per protocol, and query-side coverage is narrower than ingestion.
| Compatible | Not compatible | |
|---|---|---|
| Prometheus | Remote Write ingestion; PromQL queries | Gaps are listed in PromQL compatibility |
| Loki | Push ingestion; dual-write through Grafana Alloy makes the cutover gradual | LogQL and the rest of the Loki query API |
| Elasticsearch | _bulk ingestion in the open-source core; QueryDSL partially, in Enterprise |
Most other Elasticsearch APIs |
Limitations and Edition Boundary
Cluster deployment, object storage, the Flow engine, and every ingestion protocol listed above are in the Apache-2.0 build. Repartitioning, region migration, and index creation are manual operations there.
Read replicas, workload isolation, and automated repartitioning are GreptimeDB Enterprise features, along with enterprise security and governance. The Enterprise overview has the current list, and pricing has the edition comparison.
Architecture
GreptimeDB can run in two modes:
- Standalone — single binary for development and small deployments.
- Distributed — four components, each independently scalable:
- Frontend — protocol entry (OTel, Prometheus, MySQL/PostgreSQL, gRPC, ingestion APIs for Elasticsearch/InfluxDB/Loki) and the distributed query engine. Stateless, scales horizontally.
- Datanode — region engine with WAL, memtable, SST, cache, compaction, and indexes. Persists data to object storage. Elastic.
- Metasrv — metadata, routing, repartitioning, and security. Backed by a pluggable KV layer (etcd or RDS).
- Flownode (optional) — continuous flow computation (streaming and materialized views).
For deeper coverage, see the architecture doc or DeepWiki.
Try GreptimeDB
For AI agents — paste this prompt into your agent:
Read https://docs.greptime.com/SKILL.md and follow the instructions
to deploy, configure, ingest, and query GreptimeDB.
docker run -p 127.0.0.1:4000-4003:4000-4003 \
-v "$(pwd)/greptimedb_data:/greptimedb_data" \
--name greptime --rm \
greptime/greptimedb:latest standalone start \
--http-addr 0.0.0.0:4000 \
--grpc-bind-addr 0.0.0.0:4001 \
--mysql-addr 0.0.0.0:4002 \
--postgres-addr 0.0.0.0:4003
Dashboard: http://localhost:4000/dashboard
Read more in the full Install Guide.
Troubleshooting:
- Cannot connect to the database? Ensure that ports
4000,4001,4002, and4003are not blocked by a firewall or used by other services. - Failed to start? Check the container logs with
docker logs greptimefor further details.
Getting Started
Build From Source
Prerequisites:
- Rust toolchain — stable, pinned by
rust-toolchain.toml - Protobuf compiler (>= 3.15)
- C/C++ building essentials:
gcc/g++/autoconfand the glibc dev package (libc6-devon Ubuntu,glibc-develon Fedora) - Python toolchain (optional, only for some test scripts)
Build and run:
make # build greptime binary
cargo run -- standalone start # start in standalone mode
Common dev commands:
make fmt # format Rust code
make clippy # lint (fails on warnings)
make test # unit + integration tests (uses cargo-nextest)
make sqlness-test # SQL regression tests
See the Contribution Guidelines for the full developer workflow.
Tools & Extensions
- Kubernetes: GreptimeDB Operator
- Helm Charts: Greptime Helm Charts
- Dashboard: Web UI
- gRPC Ingester: Go, Java, C++, Erlang, Rust, .NET, TypeScript
- Grafana Data Source: GreptimeDB Grafana data source plugin
- Grafana Dashboard: Official Dashboard for monitoring
Project Status
GreptimeDB is generally available, with stable APIs and regular releases. It runs in production at scale — OceanBase Cloud operates 80+ GreptimeDB clusters managing 300 TB of logs, cutting log storage cost by 60%+ after migrating from Grafana Loki. See more in case studies.
Release lines and support windows are in the version reference. For where the project is going, read the v1.0 highlights and the 2026 roadmap.
Community
We invite you to engage and contribute!
If GreptimeDB is useful to you, please star the repo.
License
GreptimeDB is an open-core project. Its core is licensed under the Apache License 2.0.
A small set of peripheral, enterprise-only features are gated behind the
enterprise Cargo feature (not built by default) and are governed by the
separate GreptimeDB Enterprise License. Source files under
that license carry an explicit Enterprise License header.
Commercial Support
Scaling observability on your infrastructure? GreptimeDB Enterprise adds the operational, security, and support layer for production deployments. Contact us for details.
Contributing
- Read our Contribution Guidelines.
- Explore Internal Concepts and DeepWiki.
- Pick up a good first issue and join the #contributors Slack channel.
Acknowledgement
Special thanks to all contributors! See AUTHOR.md.
- Uses Apache Arrow™ (memory model)
- Apache Parquet™ (file storage)
- Apache DataFusion™ (query engine)
- Apache OpenDAL™ (data access abstraction)
All trademarks, logos, and brand names referenced in this README and in the Overview diagram are the property of their respective owners. Their use is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement or affiliation.