fix(node): write NaN and Infinity as SQL literals in table.update (#4327)

## What's wrong

`toSQL` renders numbers with `toString()`, so `NaN` becomes `NaN` and
`Infinity` becomes `Infinity`. SQL reads those as column names:

```ts
await table.update({ values: { price: NaN }, where: "id = 1" });
// Error: Invalid input, Schema error: No field named "NaN". Valid fields are id, price.
```

`Infinity` and `-Infinity` fail the same way. The only workaround today
is `valuesSql`.

## Fix

Emit `CAST('NaN' AS DOUBLE)`, `CAST('Infinity' AS DOUBLE)` and
`CAST('-Infinity' AS DOUBLE)` for these values. Finite numbers render as
before.

## Tests

- `__test__/util.test.ts` adds `toSQL` cases for `NaN`, `Infinity` and
`-Infinity`.
- `__test__/table.test.ts` adds "should let me update float values to
NaN and Infinity", which updates a float column and reads the values
back.
- On `main`, the new cases fail with `No field named "NaN"`.
- With the fix, all of `util.test.ts` and `table.test.ts` pass (344
tests). These were run against the published
`@lancedb/lancedb@0.40.0-beta.11` native binary.
- `biome check` is clean on the changed files.

The Python SDK has the same issue in `value_to_sql`. That fix is in
#4326.

The fix was found and written by an AI agent (Breken) and checked
against the tests above.

Co-authored-by: breken-ai <312387581+breken-ai@users.noreply.github.com>

nodejs/__test__/table.test.ts

@@ -416,6 +416,26 @@ describe.each([arrow15, arrow16, arrow17, arrow18])(
       expect(await table.countRows("id == 10")).toBe(1);
     });
 
+    it("should let me update float values to NaN and Infinity", async () => {
+      const db = await connect(tmpDir.name);
+      const floats = await db.createTable("floats", [
+        { id: 1, price: 1.5 },
+        { id: 2, price: 2.5 },
+        { id: 3, price: 3.5 },
+        { id: 4, price: 4.5 },
+      ]);
+      await floats.update({ values: { price: NaN }, where: "id = 1" });
+      await floats.update({ values: { price: Infinity }, where: "id = 2" });
+      await floats.update({ values: { price: -Infinity }, where: "id = 3" });
+
+      const rows = await floats.query().toArray();
+      const price = (id: number) => rows.find((row) => row.id === id).price;
+      expect(price(1)).toBeNaN();
+      expect(price(2)).toBe(Infinity);
+      expect(price(3)).toBe(-Infinity);
+      expect(price(4)).toBe(4.5);
+    });
+
     // https://github.com/lancedb/lancedb/issues/1293
     test.each([new arrow.Float16(), new arrow.Float32(), new arrow.Float64()])(
       "can create empty table with non default float type: %s",

nodejs/__test__/util.test.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ test.each([
   [new ArrayBuffer(8), "X'0000000000000000'"],
   [Buffer.from("hello"), "X'68656c6c6f'"],
   ["Hello 'world'", "'Hello ''world'''"],
+  [NaN, "CAST('NaN' AS DOUBLE)"],
+  [Infinity, "CAST('Infinity' AS DOUBLE)"],
+  [-Infinity, "CAST('-Infinity' AS DOUBLE)"],
 ])("toSQL(%p) === %p", (value, expected) => {
   expect(toSQL(value)).toBe(expected);
 });

nodejs/lancedb/util.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,14 @@ export function toSQL(value: IntoSql): string {
   if (typeof value === "string") {
     return `'${value.replace(/'/g, "''")}'`;
   } else if (typeof value === "number") {
+    // toString() gives "NaN" / "Infinity", which SQL reads as column names.
+    if (Number.isNaN(value)) {
+      return "CAST('NaN' AS DOUBLE)";
+    } else if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {
+      return value > 0
+        ? "CAST('Infinity' AS DOUBLE)"
+        : "CAST('-Infinity' AS DOUBLE)";
+    }
     return value.toString();
   } else if (typeof value === "boolean") {
     return value ? "TRUE" : "FALSE";