Bump version: 0.25.2-beta.0 → 0.25.2-beta.1

Have CI download from ci-support-binaries to fix the build.

.bumpversion.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tool.bumpversion]
-current_version = "0.22.1-beta.2"
+current_version = "0.22.2-beta.0"
 parse = """(?x)
     (?P<major>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
     (?P<minor>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -56,8 +56,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           node-version: 20
           cache: 'npm'
+          cache-dependency-path: docs/package-lock.json
       - name: Install node dependencies
-        working-directory: node
+        working-directory: nodejs
         run: |
           sudo apt update
           sudo apt install -y protobuf-compiler libssl-dev

.github/workflows/nodejs.yml

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ jobs:
         set -e
         npm ci
         npm run docs
-        if ! git diff --exit-code -- . ':(exclude)Cargo.lock'; then
+        if ! git diff --exit-code -- ../ ':(exclude)Cargo.lock'; then
           echo "Docs need to be updated"
           echo "Run 'npm run docs', fix any warnings, and commit the changes."
           exit 1

.github/workflows/rust.yml

@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ jobs:
       # Need up-to-date compilers for kernels
       CC: clang-18
       CXX: clang++-18
+      GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SOPHON_READ_TOKEN }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -117,15 +118,14 @@ jobs:
           sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
           sudo mkswap /swapfile
           sudo swapon /swapfile
-      - name: Start S3 integration test environment
-        working-directory: .
-        run: docker compose up --detach --wait
       - name: Build
         run: cargo build --all-features --tests --locked --examples
-      - name: Run tests
-        run: cargo test --all-features --locked
+      - name: Run feature tests
+        run: make -C ./lancedb feature-tests
       - name: Run examples
         run: cargo run --example simple --locked
+      - name: Run remote tests
+        run: make -C ./lancedb remote-tests
 
   macos:
     timeout-minutes: 30

.github/workflows/trigger-vectordb-recipes.yml

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-name: Trigger vectordb-recipers workflow
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [ main ]
-  pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/trigger-vectordb-recipes.yml
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Trigger vectordb-recipes workflow
-        uses: actions/github-script@v6
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.VECTORDB_RECIPES_ACTION_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const result = await github.rest.actions.createWorkflowDispatch({
-                owner: 'lancedb',
-                repo: 'vectordb-recipes',
-                workflow_id: 'examples-test.yml',
-                ref: 'main'
-            });
-            console.log(result);

Cargo.toml

@@ -15,14 +15,15 @@ categories = ["database-implementations"]
 rust-version = "1.78.0"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-lance = { "version" = "=0.35.0", default-features = false, "features" = ["dynamodb"], "tag" = "v0.35.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
-lance-io = { "version" = "=0.35.0", default-features = false, "tag" = "v0.35.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
-lance-index = { "version" = "=0.35.0", "tag" = "v0.35.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
-lance-linalg = { "version" = "=0.35.0", "tag" = "v0.35.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
-lance-table = { "version" = "=0.35.0", "tag" = "v0.35.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
-lance-testing = { "version" = "=0.35.0", "tag" = "v0.35.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
-lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=0.35.0", "tag" = "v0.35.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
-lance-encoding = { "version" = "=0.35.0", "tag" = "v0.35.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance = { "version" = "=0.37.0", default-features = false, "features" = ["dynamodb"], "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-io = { "version" = "=0.37.0", default-features = false, "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-index = { "version" = "=0.37.0", "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-linalg = { "version" = "=0.37.0", "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-table = { "version" = "=0.37.0", "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-testing = { "version" = "=0.37.0", "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=0.37.0", "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-encoding = { "version" = "=0.37.0", "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace = "0.0.16"
 # Note that this one does not include pyarrow
 arrow = { version = "55.1", optional = false }
 arrow-array = "55.1"
@@ -30,7 +31,6 @@ arrow-data = "55.1"
 arrow-ipc = "55.1"
 arrow-ord = "55.1"
 arrow-schema = "55.1"
-arrow-arith = "55.1"
 arrow-cast = "55.1"
 async-trait = "0"
 datafusion = { version = "49.0", default-features = false }
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ pin-project = "1.0.7"
 snafu = "0.8"
 url = "2"
 num-traits = "0.2"
-rand = "0.9"
 regex = "1.10"
 lazy_static = "1"
 semver = "1.0.25"
@@ -59,7 +58,16 @@ crunchy = "0.2.4"
 # Temporary pins to work around downstream issues
 # https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/commit/2fddf85afcd20110ce783ed5b4cdeb82293da30b
 chrono = "=0.4.41"
-# https://github.com/RustCrypto/formats/issues/1684
-base64ct = "=1.6.0"
 # Workaround for: https://github.com/Lokathor/bytemuck/issues/306
 bytemuck_derive = ">=1.8.1, <1.9.0"
+
+[patch.crates-io]
+# Force to use the same lance version as the rest of the project to avoid duplicate dependencies
+lance = { "version" = "=0.37.0", "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-io = { "version" = "=0.37.0", "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-index = { "version" = "=0.37.0", "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-linalg = { "version" = "=0.37.0", "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-table = { "version" = "=0.37.0", "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-testing = { "version" = "=0.37.0", "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=0.37.0", "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }
+lance-encoding = { "version" = "=0.37.0", "tag" = "v0.37.1-beta.1", "git" = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git" }

ci/create_lancedb_test_connection.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+export RUST_LOG=info
+exec ./lancedb server --port 0 --sql-port 0  --data-dir "${1}"

ci/run_with_docker_compose.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+#
+# A script for running the given command together with a docker compose environment.
+#
+
+# Bring down the docker setup once the command is done running.
+tear_down() {
+    docker compose -p fixture down
+}
+trap tear_down EXIT
+
+set +xe
+
+# Clean up any existing docker setup and bring up a new one.
+docker compose -p fixture up --detach --wait || exit 1
+
+"${@}"

ci/run_with_test_connection.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+#
+# A script for running the given command together with the lancedb cli.
+#
+
+die() {
+    echo $?
+    exit 1
+}
+
+check_command_exists() {
+    command="${1}"
+    which ${command} &> /dev/null || \
+        die "Unable to locate command: ${command}. Did you install it?"
+}
+
+if [[ ! -e ./lancedb ]]; then
+    if [[ -v SOPHON_READ_TOKEN ]]; then
+        INPUT="lancedb-linux-x64"
+        gh release \
+            --repo lancedb/lancedb \
+            download ci-support-binaries \
+            --pattern "${INPUT}" \
+            || die "failed to fetch cli."
+        check_command_exists openssl
+        openssl enc -aes-256-cbc \
+            -d -pbkdf2 \
+            -pass "env:SOPHON_READ_TOKEN" \
+            -in "${INPUT}" \
+            -out ./lancedb-linux-x64.tar.gz \
+            || die "openssl failed"
+        TARGET="${INPUT}.tar.gz"
+    else
+        ARCH="x64"
+        if [[ $OSTYPE == 'darwin'* ]]; then
+            UNAME=$(uname -m)
+            if [[ $UNAME == 'arm64' ]]; then
+                ARCH='arm64'
+            fi
+            OSTYPE="macos"
+        elif [[ $OSTYPE == 'linux'* ]]; then
+            if [[ $UNAME == 'aarch64' ]]; then
+                ARCH='arm64'
+            fi
+            OSTYPE="linux"
+        else
+            die "unknown OSTYPE: $OSTYPE"
+        fi
+
+        check_command_exists gh
+        TARGET="lancedb-${OSTYPE}-${ARCH}.tar.gz"
+        gh release \
+            --repo lancedb/sophon \
+            download lancedb-cli-v0.0.3 \
+            --pattern "${TARGET}" \
+            || die "failed to fetch cli."
+    fi
+
+    check_command_exists tar
+    tar xvf "${TARGET}" || die "tar failed."
+    [[ -e ./lancedb ]] || die "failed to extract lancedb."
+fi
+
+SCRIPT_DIR=$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")
+export CREATE_LANCEDB_TEST_CONNECTION_SCRIPT="${SCRIPT_DIR}/create_lancedb_test_connection.sh"
+
+"${@}"

ci/set_lance_version.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import argparse
+import re
 import sys
 import json
 
@@ -18,8 +19,12 @@ def run_command(command: str) -> str:
 
 def get_latest_stable_version() -> str:
     version_line = run_command("cargo info lance | grep '^version:'")
-    version = version_line.split(" ")[1].strip()
-    return version
+    # Example output: "version: 0.35.0 (latest 0.37.0)"
+    match = re.search(r'\(latest ([0-9.]+)\)', version_line)
+    if match:
+        return match.group(1)
+    # Fallback: use the first version after 'version:'
+    return version_line.split("version:")[1].split()[0].strip()
 
 
 def get_latest_preview_version() -> str:
@@ -112,7 +117,7 @@ def update_cargo_toml(line_updater):
     lance_line = ""
     is_parsing_lance_line = False
     for line in lines:
-        if line.startswith("lance"):
+        if line.startswith("lance") and not line.startswith("lance-namespace"):
             # Check if this is a single-line or multi-line entry
             # Single-line entries either:
             # 1. End with } (complete inline table)

docs/mkdocs.yml

@@ -70,6 +70,22 @@ plugins:
   - mkdocs-jupyter
   - render_swagger:
       allow_arbitrary_locations: true
+  - redirects:
+      redirect_maps:
+        # Redirect the home page and other top-level markdown files. This enables maximum SEO benefit
+        # other sub-pages are handled by the ingected js in overrides/partials/header.html
+        'index.md': 'https://lancedb.com/docs/'
+        'guides/tables.md': 'https://lancedb.com/docs/tables/'
+        'ann_indexes.md': 'https://lancedb.com/docs/indexing/'
+        'basic.md': 'https://lancedb.com/docs/quickstart/'
+        'faq.md': 'https://lancedb.com/docs/faq/'
+        'embeddings/understanding_embeddings.md': 'https://lancedb.com/docs/embedding/'
+        'integrations.md': 'https://lancedb.com/docs/integrations/'
+        'examples.md': 'https://lancedb.com/docs/tutorials/'
+        'concepts/vector_search.md': 'https://lancedb.com/docs/search/vector-search/'
+        'troubleshooting.md': 'https://lancedb.com/docs/troubleshooting/'
+
+
 
 markdown_extensions:
   - admonition
@@ -386,4 +402,4 @@ extra:
     - icon: fontawesome/brands/x-twitter
       link: https://twitter.com/lancedb
     - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin
-      link: https://www.linkedin.com/company/lancedb
+      link: https://www.linkedin.com/company/lancedb

docs/overrides/partials/header.html

@@ -19,7 +19,13 @@
   FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
   IN THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-
+<div id="deprecation-banner" style="background-color: #f8d7da; color: #721c24; padding: 1em; text-align: center;">                                                           
+    <p style="margin: 0; font-size: 1.1em;">                                                                                                           
+        <strong>This documentation site is deprecated.</strong>                                                                           
+        Please visit our new documentation site at <a href="https://lancedb.com/docs" style="color: #721c24; text-decoration: underline;">
+          lancedb.com/docs</a> for the latest information.                                                                                        
+    </p>                                                                                                                                               
+  </div>  
 {% set class = "md-header" %}
 {% if "navigation.tabs.sticky" in features %}
   {% set class = class ~ " md-header--shadow md-header--lifted" %}
@@ -150,9 +156,9 @@
 
     <div style="margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 5px;">
         <a href="https://discord.com/invite/zMM32dvNtd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
-            <svg fill="#FFFFFF" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  viewBox="0 0 50 50" width="25px" height="25px"><path d="M 41.625 10.769531 C 37.644531 7.566406 31.347656 7.023438 31.078125 7.003906 C 30.660156 6.96875 30.261719 7.203125 30.089844 7.589844 C 30.074219 7.613281 29.9375 7.929688 29.785156 8.421875 C 32.417969 8.867188 35.652344 9.761719 38.578125 11.578125 C 39.046875 11.867188 39.191406 12.484375 38.902344 12.953125 C 38.710938 13.261719 38.386719 13.429688 38.050781 13.429688 C 37.871094 13.429688 37.6875 13.378906 37.523438 13.277344 C 32.492188 10.15625 26.210938 10 25 10 C 23.789063 10 17.503906 10.15625 12.476563 13.277344 C 12.007813 13.570313 11.390625 13.425781 11.101563 12.957031 C 10.808594 12.484375 10.953125 11.871094 11.421875 11.578125 C 14.347656 9.765625 17.582031 8.867188 20.214844 8.425781 C 20.0625 7.929688 19.925781 7.617188 19.914063 7.589844 C 19.738281 7.203125 19.34375 6.960938 18.921875 7.003906 C 18.652344 7.023438 12.355469 7.566406 8.320313 10.8125 C 6.214844 12.761719 2 24.152344 2 34 C 2 34.175781 2.046875 34.34375 2.132813 34.496094 C 5.039063 39.605469 12.972656 40.941406 14.78125 41 C 14.789063 41 14.800781 41 14.8125 41 C 15.132813 41 15.433594 40.847656 15.621094 40.589844 L 17.449219 38.074219 C 12.515625 36.800781 9.996094 34.636719 9.851563 34.507813 C 9.4375 34.144531 9.398438 33.511719 9.765625 33.097656 C 10.128906 32.683594 10.761719 32.644531 11.175781 33.007813 C 11.234375 33.0625 15.875 37 25 37 C 34.140625 37 38.78125 33.046875 38.828125 33.007813 C 39.242188 32.648438 39.871094 32.683594 40.238281 33.101563 C 40.601563 33.515625 40.5625 34.144531 40.148438 34.507813 C 40.003906 34.636719 37.484375 36.800781 32.550781 38.074219 L 34.378906 40.589844 C 34.566406 40.847656 34.867188 41 35.1875 41 C 35.199219 41 35.210938 41 35.21875 41 C 37.027344 40.941406 44.960938 39.605469 47.867188 34.496094 C 47.953125 34.34375 48 34.175781 48 34 C 48 24.152344 43.785156 12.761719 41.625 10.769531 Z M 18.5 30 C 16.566406 30 15 28.210938 15 26 C 15 23.789063 16.566406 22 18.5 22 C 20.433594 22 22 23.789063 22 26 C 22 28.210938 20.433594 30 18.5 30 Z M 31.5 30 C 29.566406 30 28 28.210938 28 26 C 28 23.789063 29.566406 22 31.5 22 C 33.433594 22 35 23.789063 35 26 C 35 28.210938 33.433594 30 31.5 30 Z"/></svg>
-        </a>
-    </div>
+          <svg fill="#FFFFFF" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  viewBox="0 0 50 50" width="25px" height="25px"><path d="M 41.625 10.769531 C 37.644531 7.566406 31.347656 7.023438 31.078125 7.003906 C 30.660156 6.96875 30.261719 7.203125 30.089844 7.589844 C 30.074219 7.613281 29.9375 7.929688 29.785156 8.421875 C 32.417969 8.867188 35.652344 9.761719 38.578125 11.578125 C 39.046875 11.867188 39.191406 12.484375 38.902344 12.953125 C 38.710938 13.261719 38.386719 13.429688 38.050781 13.429688 C 37.871094 13.429688 37.6875 13.378906 37.523438 13.277344 C 32.492188 10.15625 26.210938 10 25 10 C 23.789063 10 17.503906 10.15625 12.476563 13.277344 C 12.007813 13.570313 11.390625 13.425781 11.101563 12.957031 C 10.808594 12.484375 10.953125 11.871094 11.421875 11.578125 C 14.347656 9.765625 17.582031 8.867188 20.214844 8.425781 C 20.0625 7.929688 19.925781 7.617188 19.914063 7.589844 C 19.738281 7.203125 19.34375 6.960938 18.921875 7.003906 C 18.652344 7.023438 12.355469 7.566406 8.320313 10.8125 C 6.214844 12.761719 2 24.152344 2 34 C 2 34.175781 2.046875 34.34375 2.132813 34.496094 C 5.039063 39.605469 12.972656 40.941406 14.78125 41 C 14.789063 41 14.800781 41 14.8125 41 C 15.132813 41 15.433594 40.847656 15.621094 40.589844 L 17.449219 38.074219 C 12.515625 36.800781 9.996094 34.636719 9.851563 34.507813 C 9.4375 34.144531 9.398438 33.511719 9.765625 33.097656 C 10.128906 32.683594 10.761719 32.644531 11.175781 33.007813 C 11.234375 33.0625 15.875 37 25 37 C 34.140625 37 38.78125 33.046875 38.828125 33.007813 C 39.242188 32.648438 39.871094 32.683594 40.238281 33.101563 C 40.601563 33.515625 40.5625 34.144531 40.148438 34.507813 C 40.003906 34.636719 37.484375 36.800781 32.550781 38.074219 L 34.378906 40.589844 C 34.566406 40.847656 34.867188 41 35.1875 41 C 35.199219 41 35.210938 41 35.21875 41 C 37.027344 40.941406 44.960938 39.605469 47.867188 34.496094 C 47.953125 34.34375 48 34.175781 48 34 C 48 24.152344 43.785156 12.761719 41.625 10.769531 Z M 18.5 30 C 16.566406 30 15 28.210938 15 26 C 15 23.789063 16.566406 22 18.5 22 C 20.433594 22 22 23.789063 22 26 C 22 28.210938 20.433594 30 18.5 30 Z M 31.5 30 C 29.566406 30 28 28.210938 28 26 C 28 23.789063 29.566406 22 31.5 22 C 33.433594 22 35 23.789063 35 26 C 35 28.210938 33.433594 30 31.5 30 Z"/></svg>
+      </a>
+  </div>
     <div style="margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">
         <a href="https://twitter.com/lancedb" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
             <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0,0,256,256" width="25px" height="25px" fill-rule="nonzero"><g fill-opacity="0" fill="#ffffff" fill-rule="nonzero" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-dasharray="" stroke-dashoffset="0" font-family="none" font-weight="none" font-size="none" text-anchor="none" style="mix-blend-mode: normal"><path d="M0,256v-256h256v256z" id="bgRectangle"></path></g><g fill="#ffffff" fill-rule="nonzero" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-dasharray="" stroke-dashoffset="0" font-family="none" font-weight="none" font-size="none" text-anchor="none" style="mix-blend-mode: normal"><g transform="scale(4,4)"><path d="M57,17.114c-1.32,1.973 -2.991,3.707 -4.916,5.097c0.018,0.423 0.028,0.847 0.028,1.274c0,13.013 -9.902,28.018 -28.016,28.018c-5.562,0 -12.81,-1.948 -15.095,-4.423c0.772,0.092 1.556,0.138 2.35,0.138c4.615,0 8.861,-1.575 12.23,-4.216c-4.309,-0.079 -7.946,-2.928 -9.199,-6.84c1.96,0.308 4.447,-0.17 4.447,-0.17c0,0 -7.7,-1.322 -7.899,-9.779c2.226,1.291 4.46,1.231 4.46,1.231c0,0 -4.441,-2.734 -4.379,-8.195c0.037,-3.221 1.331,-4.953 1.331,-4.953c8.414,10.361 20.298,10.29 20.298,10.29c0,0 -0.255,-1.471 -0.255,-2.243c0,-5.437 4.408,-9.847 9.847,-9.847c2.832,0 5.391,1.196 7.187,3.111c2.245,-0.443 4.353,-1.263 6.255,-2.391c-0.859,3.44 -4.329,5.448 -4.329,5.448c0,0 2.969,-0.329 5.655,-1.55z"></path></g></g></svg>
@@ -173,4 +179,77 @@
       {% include "partials/tabs.html" %}
     {% endif %}
   {% endif %}
-</header>
+</header>
+
+<script>
+  (function() {
+    function checkPathAndRedirect() {
+      var banner = document.getElementById('deprecation-banner');
+
+      if (document.querySelector('meta[http-equiv="refresh"]')) {
+        return; // The redirects plugin is already handling this page.
+      }
+
+      var currentPath = window.location.pathname;
+
+      var cleanPath = currentPath.endsWith('/') && currentPath.length > 1
+        ? currentPath.slice(0, -1)
+        : currentPath;
+
+      // These are the ONLY paths that should remain on the old site
+      var apiPaths = [
+        '/lancedb/python', 
+        '/lancedb/javascript', 
+        '/lancedb/js',
+        '/lancedb/api_reference'
+      ];
+      
+      var isApiPage = apiPaths.some(function(apiPath) {
+        return cleanPath.startsWith(apiPath);
+      });
+
+      if (isApiPage) {
+        if (banner) {
+          banner.style.display = 'none';
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (banner) {
+          banner.style.display = 'block';
+        }
+        
+        // Add noindex meta tag to prevent indexing of old docs for seo
+        var noindexMeta = document.createElement('meta');
+        noindexMeta.setAttribute('name', 'robots');
+        noindexMeta.setAttribute('content', 'noindex, follow');
+        document.head.appendChild(noindexMeta);
+
+        // Add canonical link to point to the new docs to reward new site for seo
+        var canonicalLink = document.createElement('link');
+        canonicalLink.setAttribute('rel', 'canonical');
+        canonicalLink.setAttribute('href', 'https://lancedb.com/docs');
+        document.head.appendChild(canonicalLink);
+        
+        window.location.replace('https://lancedb.com/docs');
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Run the check only if doc is ready. This makes sure we catch the initial load
+    // and redirect.
+    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {
+      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', checkPathAndRedirect);
+    } else {
+      checkPathAndRedirect();
+    }
+
+    // Use an interval to handle subsequent navigation clicks.
+    var lastPath = window.location.pathname;
+    setInterval(function() {
+      if (window.location.pathname !== lastPath) {
+        lastPath = window.location.pathname;
+        checkPathAndRedirect();
+      }
+    }, 2000); // keeping it 2 second to make it easy for user to understand
+              // what's happening
+
+  })();
+</script>

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ mkdocstrings[python]==0.25.2
 griffe
 mkdocs-render-swagger-plugin
 pydantic
+mkdocs-redirects

docs/src/js/classes/Connection.md

@@ -25,6 +25,51 @@ the underlying connection has been closed.
 
 ## Methods
 
+### cloneTable()
+
+```ts
+abstract cloneTable(
+   targetTableName,
+   sourceUri,
+   options?): Promise<Table>
+```
+
+Clone a table from a source table.
+
+A shallow clone creates a new table that shares the underlying data files
+with the source table but has its own independent manifest. This allows
+both the source and cloned tables to evolve independently while initially
+sharing the same data, deletion, and index files.
+
+#### Parameters
+
+* **targetTableName**: `string`
+    The name of the target table to create.
+
+* **sourceUri**: `string`
+    The URI of the source table to clone from.
+
+* **options?**
+    Clone options.
+
+* **options.isShallow?**: `boolean`
+    Whether to perform a shallow clone (defaults to true).
+
+* **options.sourceTag?**: `string`
+    The tag of the source table to clone.
+
+* **options.sourceVersion?**: `number`
+    The version of the source table to clone.
+
+* **options.targetNamespace?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace for the target table (defaults to root namespace).
+
+#### Returns
+
+`Promise`&lt;[`Table`](Table.md)&gt;
+
+***
+
 ### close()
 
 ```ts

docs/src/js/functions/makeArrowTable.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ function makeArrowTable(
    metadata?): ArrowTable
 ```
 
-An enhanced version of the makeTable function from Apache Arrow
+An enhanced version of the apache-arrow makeTable function from Apache Arrow
 that supports nested fields and embeddings columns.
 
 (typically you do not need to call this function.  It will be called automatically

docs/src/js/globals.md

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@
 - [TableNamesOptions](interfaces/TableNamesOptions.md)
 - [TableStatistics](interfaces/TableStatistics.md)
 - [TimeoutConfig](interfaces/TimeoutConfig.md)
+- [TlsConfig](interfaces/TlsConfig.md)
 - [TokenResponse](interfaces/TokenResponse.md)
 - [UpdateOptions](interfaces/UpdateOptions.md)
 - [UpdateResult](interfaces/UpdateResult.md)

docs/src/js/interfaces/ClientConfig.md

@@ -40,6 +40,14 @@ optional timeoutConfig: TimeoutConfig;
 
 ***
 
+### tlsConfig?
+
+```ts
+optional tlsConfig: TlsConfig;
+```
+
+***
+
 ### userAgent?
 
 ```ts

docs/src/js/interfaces/TlsConfig.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+[**@lancedb/lancedb**](../README.md) • **Docs**
+
+***
+
+[@lancedb/lancedb](../globals.md) / TlsConfig
+
+# Interface: TlsConfig
+
+TLS/mTLS configuration for the remote HTTP client.
+
+## Properties
+
+### assertHostname?
+
+```ts
+optional assertHostname: boolean;
+```
+
+Whether to verify the hostname in the server's certificate.
+
+***
+
+### certFile?
+
+```ts
+optional certFile: string;
+```
+
+Path to the client certificate file (PEM format) for mTLS authentication.
+
+***
+
+### keyFile?
+
+```ts
+optional keyFile: string;
+```
+
+Path to the client private key file (PEM format) for mTLS authentication.
+
+***
+
+### sslCaCert?
+
+```ts
+optional sslCaCert: string;
+```
+
+Path to the CA certificate file (PEM format) for server verification.

java/core/pom.xml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
         <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-        <version>0.22.1-beta.2</version>
+        <version>0.22.2-beta.0</version>
         <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
 

java/lance-namespace/pom.xml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
         <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-        <version>0.22.1-beta.2</version>
+        <version>0.22.2-beta.0</version>
         <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
 

java/pom.xml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
     <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
     <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-    <version>0.22.1-beta.2</version>
+    <version>0.22.2-beta.0</version>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
     <name>${project.artifactId}</name>
     <description>LanceDB Java SDK Parent POM</description>

nodejs/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-nodejs"
 edition.workspace = true
-version = "0.22.1-beta.2"
+version = "0.22.2-beta.0"
 license.workspace = true
 description.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true

nodejs/__test__/arrow.test.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,5 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
-
-import {
-  Bool,
-  Field,
-  Int32,
-  List,
-  Schema,
-  Struct,
-  Uint8,
-  Utf8,
-} from "apache-arrow";
-
 import * as arrow15 from "apache-arrow-15";
 import * as arrow16 from "apache-arrow-16";
 import * as arrow17 from "apache-arrow-17";
@@ -25,11 +13,9 @@ import {
   fromTableToBuffer,
   makeArrowTable,
   makeEmptyTable,
-  tableFromIPC,
 } from "../lancedb/arrow";
 import {
   EmbeddingFunction,
-  FieldOptions,
   FunctionOptions,
 } from "../lancedb/embedding/embedding_function";
 import { EmbeddingFunctionConfig } from "../lancedb/embedding/registry";
@@ -1008,5 +994,64 @@ describe.each([arrow15, arrow16, arrow17, arrow18])(
         expect(result).toEqual(null);
       });
     });
+
+    describe("boolean null handling", function () {
+      it("should handle null values in nullable boolean fields", () => {
+        const { makeArrowTable } = require("../lancedb/arrow");
+        const schema = new Schema([new Field("test", new arrow.Bool(), true)]);
+
+        // Test with all null values
+        const data = [{ test: null }];
+        const table = makeArrowTable(data, { schema });
+
+        expect(table.numRows).toBe(1);
+        expect(table.schema.names).toEqual(["test"]);
+        expect(table.getChild("test")!.get(0)).toBeNull();
+      });
+
+      it("should handle mixed null and non-null boolean values", () => {
+        const { makeArrowTable } = require("../lancedb/arrow");
+        const schema = new Schema([new Field("test", new Bool(), true)]);
+
+        // Test with mixed values
+        const data = [{ test: true }, { test: null }, { test: false }];
+        const table = makeArrowTable(data, { schema });
+
+        expect(table.numRows).toBe(3);
+        expect(table.getChild("test")!.get(0)).toBe(true);
+        expect(table.getChild("test")!.get(1)).toBeNull();
+        expect(table.getChild("test")!.get(2)).toBe(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    // Test for the undefined values bug fix
+    describe("undefined values handling", () => {
+      it("should handle mixed undefined and actual values", () => {
+        const schema = new Schema([
+          new Field("text", new Utf8(), true), // nullable
+          new Field("number", new Int32(), true), // nullable
+          new Field("bool", new Bool(), true), // nullable
+        ]);
+
+        const data = [
+          { text: undefined, number: 42, bool: true },
+          { text: "hello", number: undefined, bool: false },
+          { text: "world", number: 123, bool: undefined },
+        ];
+        const table = makeArrowTable(data, { schema });
+
+        const result = table.toArray();
+        expect(result).toHaveLength(3);
+        expect(result[0].text).toBe(null);
+        expect(result[0].number).toBe(42);
+        expect(result[0].bool).toBe(true);
+        expect(result[1].text).toBe("hello");
+        expect(result[1].number).toBe(null);
+        expect(result[1].bool).toBe(false);
+        expect(result[2].text).toBe("world");
+        expect(result[2].number).toBe(123);
+        expect(result[2].bool).toBe(null);
+      });
+    });
   },
 );

nodejs/__test__/remote.test.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import {
   ClientConfig,
   Connection,
   ConnectionOptions,
-  NativeJsHeaderProvider,
   TlsConfig,
   connect,
 } from "../lancedb";

nodejs/__test__/table.test.ts

@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ import {
   Operator,
   instanceOfFullTextQuery,
 } from "../lancedb/query";
-import exp = require("constants");
 
 describe.each([arrow15, arrow16, arrow17, arrow18])(
   "Given a table",
@@ -488,6 +487,32 @@ describe("merge insert", () => {
         .execute(newData, { timeoutMs: 0 }),
     ).rejects.toThrow("merge insert timed out");
   });
+
+  test("useIndex", async () => {
+    const newData = [
+      { a: 2, b: "x" },
+      { a: 4, b: "z" },
+    ];
+
+    // Test with useIndex(true) - should work fine
+    const result1 = await table
+      .mergeInsert("a")
+      .whenNotMatchedInsertAll()
+      .useIndex(true)
+      .execute(newData);
+
+    expect(result1.numInsertedRows).toBe(1); // Only a=4 should be inserted
+
+    // Test with useIndex(false) - should also work fine
+    const newData2 = [{ a: 5, b: "w" }];
+    const result2 = await table
+      .mergeInsert("a")
+      .whenNotMatchedInsertAll()
+      .useIndex(false)
+      .execute(newData2);
+
+    expect(result2.numInsertedRows).toBe(1); // a=5 should be inserted
+  });
 });
 
 describe("When creating an index", () => {

nodejs/biome.json

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
         "noUnreachableSuper": "error",
         "noUnsafeFinally": "error",
         "noUnsafeOptionalChaining": "error",
+        "noUnusedImports": "error",
         "noUnusedLabels": "error",
         "noUnusedVariables": "warn",
         "useIsNan": "error",

nodejs/lancedb/arrow.ts

@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ import {
   vectorFromArray as badVectorFromArray,
   makeBuilder,
   makeData,
-  makeTable,
 } from "apache-arrow";
 import { Buffers } from "apache-arrow/data";
 import { type EmbeddingFunction } from "./embedding/embedding_function";
@@ -279,7 +278,7 @@ export class MakeArrowTableOptions {
 }
 
 /**
- * An enhanced version of the {@link makeTable} function from Apache Arrow
+ * An enhanced version of the apache-arrow makeTable function from Apache Arrow
  * that supports nested fields and embeddings columns.
  *
  * (typically you do not need to call this function.  It will be called automatically
@@ -705,7 +704,7 @@ function transposeData(
       }
       return current;
     });
-    return makeVector(values, field.type);
+    return makeVector(values, field.type, undefined, field.nullable);
   }
 }
 
@@ -752,9 +751,30 @@ function makeVector(
   values: unknown[],
   type?: DataType,
   stringAsDictionary?: boolean,
+  nullable?: boolean,
   // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: skip
 ): Vector<any> {
   if (type !== undefined) {
+    // Convert undefined values to null for nullable fields
+    if (nullable) {
+      values = values.map((v) => (v === undefined ? null : v));
+    }
+
+    // workaround for: https://github.com/apache/arrow-js/issues/68
+    if (DataType.isBool(type)) {
+      const hasNonNullValue = values.some((v) => v !== null && v !== undefined);
+      if (!hasNonNullValue) {
+        const nullBitmap = new Uint8Array(Math.ceil(values.length / 8));
+        const data = makeData({
+          type: type,
+          length: values.length,
+          nullCount: values.length,
+          nullBitmap,
+        });
+        return arrowMakeVector(data);
+      }
+    }
+
     // No need for inference, let Arrow create it
     if (type instanceof Int) {
       if (DataType.isInt(type) && type.bitWidth === 64) {
@@ -879,7 +899,12 @@ async function applyEmbeddingsFromMetadata(
   for (const field of schema.fields) {
     if (!(field.name in columns)) {
       const nullValues = new Array(table.numRows).fill(null);
-      columns[field.name] = makeVector(nullValues, field.type);
+      columns[field.name] = makeVector(
+        nullValues,
+        field.type,
+        undefined,
+        field.nullable,
+      );
     }
   }
 
@@ -943,7 +968,12 @@ async function applyEmbeddings<T>(
     } else if (schema != null) {
       const destField = schema.fields.find((f) => f.name === destColumn);
       if (destField != null) {
-        newColumns[destColumn] = makeVector([], destField.type);
+        newColumns[destColumn] = makeVector(
+          [],
+          destField.type,
+          undefined,
+          destField.nullable,
+        );
       } else {
         throw new Error(
           `Attempt to apply embeddings to an empty table failed because schema was missing embedding column '${destColumn}'`,

nodejs/lancedb/connection.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 import {
   Data,
-  Schema,
   SchemaLike,
   TableLike,
   fromTableToStreamBuffer,

nodejs/lancedb/merge.ts

@@ -70,6 +70,23 @@ export class MergeInsertBuilder {
       this.#schema,
     );
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Controls whether to use indexes for the merge operation.
+   *
+   * When set to `true` (the default), the operation will use an index if available
+   * on the join key for improved performance. When set to `false`, it forces a full
+   * table scan even if an index exists. This can be useful for benchmarking or when
+   * the query optimizer chooses a suboptimal path.
+   *
+   * @param useIndex - Whether to use indices for the merge operation. Defaults to `true`.
+   */
+  useIndex(useIndex: boolean): MergeInsertBuilder {
+    return new MergeInsertBuilder(
+      this.#native.useIndex(useIndex),
+      this.#schema,
+    );
+  }
   /**
    * Executes the merge insert operation
    *

nodejs/npm/darwin-arm64/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-darwin-arm64",
-	"version": "0.22.1-beta.2",
+	"version": "0.22.2-beta.0",
 	"os": ["darwin"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.darwin-arm64.node",

nodejs/npm/darwin-x64/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-darwin-x64",
-	"version": "0.22.1-beta.2",
+	"version": "0.22.2-beta.0",
 	"os": ["darwin"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.darwin-x64.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-gnu/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.22.1-beta.2",
+	"version": "0.22.2-beta.0",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-gnu.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-musl/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-musl",
-	"version": "0.22.1-beta.2",
+	"version": "0.22.2-beta.0",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-musl.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-x64-gnu/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.22.1-beta.2",
+	"version": "0.22.2-beta.0",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-gnu.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-x64-musl/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-musl",
-	"version": "0.22.1-beta.2",
+	"version": "0.22.2-beta.0",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-musl.node",

nodejs/npm/win32-arm64-msvc/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-arm64-msvc",
-  "version": "0.22.1-beta.2",
+  "version": "0.22.2-beta.0",
   "os": [
     "win32"
   ],

nodejs/npm/win32-x64-msvc/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-x64-msvc",
-	"version": "0.22.1-beta.2",
+	"version": "0.22.2-beta.0",
 	"os": ["win32"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.win32-x64-msvc.node",

nodejs/package-lock.json

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "@lancedb/lancedb",
-  "version": "0.22.1-beta.2",
+  "version": "0.22.2-beta.0",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "@lancedb/lancedb",
-      "version": "0.22.1-beta.2",
+      "version": "0.22.2-beta.0",
       "cpu": [
         "x64",
         "arm64"

nodejs/package.json

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     "ann"
   ],
   "private": false,
-  "version": "0.22.1-beta.2",
+  "version": "0.22.2-beta.0",
   "main": "dist/index.js",
   "exports": {
     ".": "./dist/index.js",

nodejs/src/merge.rs

@@ -43,6 +43,13 @@ impl NativeMergeInsertBuilder {
         self.inner.timeout(Duration::from_millis(timeout as u64));
     }
 
+    #[napi]
+    pub fn use_index(&self, use_index: bool) -> Self {
+        let mut this = self.clone();
+        this.inner.use_index(use_index);
+        this
+    }
+
     #[napi(catch_unwind)]
     pub async fn execute(&self, buf: Buffer) -> napi::Result<MergeResult> {
         let data = ipc_file_to_batches(buf.to_vec())

python/.bumpversion.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tool.bumpversion]
-current_version = "0.25.1-beta.3"
+current_version = "0.25.2-beta.1"
 parse = """(?x)
     (?P<major>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
     (?P<minor>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.

python/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-python"
-version = "0.25.1-beta.3"
+version = "0.25.2-beta.1"
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "Python bindings for LanceDB"
 license.workspace = true

python/pyproject.toml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "pyarrow>=16",
     "pydantic>=1.10",
     "tqdm>=4.27.0",
-    "lance-namespace==0.0.6"
+    "lance-namespace>=0.0.16"
 ]
 description = "lancedb"
 authors = [{ name = "LanceDB Devs", email = "dev@lancedb.com" }]

python/python/lancedb/merge.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class LanceMergeInsertBuilder(object):
         self._when_not_matched_by_source_delete = False
         self._when_not_matched_by_source_condition = None
         self._timeout = None
+        self._use_index = True
 
     def when_matched_update_all(
         self, *, where: Optional[str] = None
@@ -78,6 +79,23 @@ class LanceMergeInsertBuilder(object):
             self._when_not_matched_by_source_condition = condition
         return self
 
+    def use_index(self, use_index: bool) -> LanceMergeInsertBuilder:
+        """
+        Controls whether to use indexes for the merge operation.
+
+        When set to `True` (the default), the operation will use an index if available
+        on the join key for improved performance. When set to `False`, it forces a full
+        table scan even if an index exists. This can be useful for benchmarking or when
+        the query optimizer chooses a suboptimal path.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        use_index: bool
+            Whether to use indices for the merge operation. Defaults to `True`.
+        """
+        self._use_index = use_index
+        return self
+
     def execute(
         self,
         new_data: DATA,

python/python/lancedb/rerankers/__init__.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from .linear_combination import LinearCombinationReranker
 from .openai import OpenaiReranker
 from .jinaai import JinaReranker
 from .rrf import RRFReranker
+from .mrr import MRRReranker
 from .answerdotai import AnswerdotaiRerankers
 from .voyageai import VoyageAIReranker
 
@@ -23,4 +24,5 @@ __all__ = [
     "RRFReranker",
     "AnswerdotaiRerankers",
     "VoyageAIReranker",
+    "MRRReranker",
 ]

python/python/lancedb/rerankers/mrr.py

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
+
+
+from typing import Union, List, TYPE_CHECKING
+import pyarrow as pa
+import numpy as np
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+from .base import Reranker
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..table import LanceVectorQueryBuilder
+
+
+class MRRReranker(Reranker):
+    """
+    Reranks the results using Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) algorithm based
+    on the scores of vector and FTS search.
+    Algorithm reference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_reciprocal_rank
+
+    MRR calculates the average of reciprocal ranks across different search results.
+    For each document, it computes the reciprocal of its rank in each system,
+    then takes the mean of these reciprocal ranks as the final score.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    weight_vector : float, default 0.5
+        Weight for vector search results (0.0 to 1.0)
+    weight_fts : float, default 0.5
+        Weight for FTS search results (0.0 to 1.0)
+        Note: weight_vector + weight_fts should equal 1.0
+    return_score : str, default "relevance"
+        Options are "relevance" or "all"
+        The type of score to return. If "relevance", will return only the relevance
+        score. If "all", will return all scores from the vector and FTS search along
+        with the relevance score.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        weight_vector: float = 0.5,
+        weight_fts: float = 0.5,
+        return_score="relevance",
+    ):
+        if not (0.0 <= weight_vector <= 1.0):
+            raise ValueError("weight_vector must be between 0.0 and 1.0")
+        if not (0.0 <= weight_fts <= 1.0):
+            raise ValueError("weight_fts must be between 0.0 and 1.0")
+        if abs(weight_vector + weight_fts - 1.0) > 1e-6:
+            raise ValueError("weight_vector + weight_fts must equal 1.0")
+
+        super().__init__(return_score)
+        self.weight_vector = weight_vector
+        self.weight_fts = weight_fts
+
+    def rerank_hybrid(
+        self,
+        query: str,  # noqa: F821
+        vector_results: pa.Table,
+        fts_results: pa.Table,
+    ):
+        vector_ids = vector_results["_rowid"].to_pylist() if vector_results else []
+        fts_ids = fts_results["_rowid"].to_pylist() if fts_results else []
+
+        # Maps result_id to list of (type, reciprocal_rank)
+        mrr_score_map = defaultdict(list)
+
+        if vector_ids:
+            for rank, result_id in enumerate(vector_ids, 1):
+                reciprocal_rank = 1.0 / rank
+                mrr_score_map[result_id].append(("vector", reciprocal_rank))
+
+        if fts_ids:
+            for rank, result_id in enumerate(fts_ids, 1):
+                reciprocal_rank = 1.0 / rank
+                mrr_score_map[result_id].append(("fts", reciprocal_rank))
+
+        final_mrr_scores = {}
+        for result_id, scores in mrr_score_map.items():
+            vector_rr = 0.0
+            fts_rr = 0.0
+
+            for score_type, reciprocal_rank in scores:
+                if score_type == "vector":
+                    vector_rr = reciprocal_rank
+                elif score_type == "fts":
+                    fts_rr = reciprocal_rank
+
+            # If a document doesn't appear, its reciprocal rank is 0
+            weighted_mrr = self.weight_vector * vector_rr + self.weight_fts * fts_rr
+            final_mrr_scores[result_id] = weighted_mrr
+
+        combined_results = self.merge_results(vector_results, fts_results)
+        combined_row_ids = combined_results["_rowid"].to_pylist()
+        relevance_scores = [final_mrr_scores[row_id] for row_id in combined_row_ids]
+        combined_results = combined_results.append_column(
+            "_relevance_score", pa.array(relevance_scores, type=pa.float32())
+        )
+        combined_results = combined_results.sort_by(
+            [("_relevance_score", "descending")]
+        )
+
+        if self.score == "relevance":
+            combined_results = self._keep_relevance_score(combined_results)
+
+        return combined_results
+
+    def rerank_multivector(
+        self,
+        vector_results: Union[List[pa.Table], List["LanceVectorQueryBuilder"]],
+        query: str = None,
+        deduplicate: bool = True,  # noqa: F821
+    ):
+        """
+        Reranks the results from multiple vector searches using MRR algorithm.
+        Each vector search result is treated as a separate ranking system,
+        and MRR calculates the mean of reciprocal ranks across all systems.
+        This cannot reuse rerank_hybrid because MRR semantics require treating
+        each vector result as a separate ranking system.
+        """
+        if not all(isinstance(v, type(vector_results[0])) for v in vector_results):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "All elements in vector_results should be of the same type"
+            )
+
+        # avoid circular import
+        if type(vector_results[0]).__name__ == "LanceVectorQueryBuilder":
+            vector_results = [result.to_arrow() for result in vector_results]
+        elif not isinstance(vector_results[0], pa.Table):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "vector_results should be a list of pa.Table or LanceVectorQueryBuilder"
+            )
+
+        if not all("_rowid" in result.column_names for result in vector_results):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "'_rowid' is required for deduplication. \
+                    add _rowid to search results like this: \
+                    `search().with_row_id(True)`"
+            )
+
+        mrr_score_map = defaultdict(list)
+
+        for result_table in vector_results:
+            result_ids = result_table["_rowid"].to_pylist()
+            for rank, result_id in enumerate(result_ids, 1):
+                reciprocal_rank = 1.0 / rank
+                mrr_score_map[result_id].append(reciprocal_rank)
+
+        final_mrr_scores = {}
+        for result_id, reciprocal_ranks in mrr_score_map.items():
+            mean_rr = np.mean(reciprocal_ranks)
+            final_mrr_scores[result_id] = mean_rr
+
+        combined = pa.concat_tables(vector_results, **self._concat_tables_args)
+        combined = self._deduplicate(combined)
+
+        combined_row_ids = combined["_rowid"].to_pylist()
+
+        relevance_scores = [final_mrr_scores[row_id] for row_id in combined_row_ids]
+        combined = combined.append_column(
+            "_relevance_score", pa.array(relevance_scores, type=pa.float32())
+        )
+        combined = combined.sort_by([("_relevance_score", "descending")])
+
+        if self.score == "relevance":
+            combined = self._keep_relevance_score(combined)
+
+        return combined

python/python/lancedb/table.py

@@ -1470,10 +1470,7 @@ class Table(ABC):
             be deleted unless they are at least 7 days old. If delete_unverified is True
             then these files will be deleted regardless of their age.
         retrain: bool, default False
-            If True, retrain the vector indices, this would refine the IVF clustering
-            and quantization, which may improve the search accuracy. It's faster than
-            re-creating the index from scratch, so it's recommended to try this first,
-            when the data distribution has changed significantly.
+            This parameter is no longer used and is deprecated.
 
         Experimental API
         ----------------
@@ -2835,10 +2832,7 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
             be deleted unless they are at least 7 days old. If delete_unverified is True
             then these files will be deleted regardless of their age.
         retrain: bool, default False
-            If True, retrain the vector indices, this would refine the IVF clustering
-            and quantization, which may improve the search accuracy. It's faster than
-            re-creating the index from scratch, so it's recommended to try this first,
-            when the data distribution has changed significantly.
+            This parameter is no longer used and is deprecated.
 
         Experimental API
         ----------------
@@ -3926,6 +3920,7 @@ class AsyncTable:
                 when_not_matched_by_source_delete=merge._when_not_matched_by_source_delete,
                 when_not_matched_by_source_condition=merge._when_not_matched_by_source_condition,
                 timeout=merge._timeout,
+                use_index=merge._use_index,
             ),
         )
 
@@ -4298,10 +4293,7 @@ class AsyncTable:
             be deleted unless they are at least 7 days old. If delete_unverified is True
             then these files will be deleted regardless of their age.
         retrain: bool, default False
-            If True, retrain the vector indices, this would refine the IVF clustering
-            and quantization, which may improve the search accuracy. It's faster than
-            re-creating the index from scratch, so it's recommended to try this first,
-            when the data distribution has changed significantly.
+            This parameter is no longer used and is deprecated.
 
         Experimental API
         ----------------
@@ -4324,10 +4316,19 @@ class AsyncTable:
         cleanup_since_ms: Optional[int] = None
         if cleanup_older_than is not None:
             cleanup_since_ms = round(cleanup_older_than.total_seconds() * 1000)
+
+        if retrain:
+            import warnings
+
+            warnings.warn(
+                "The 'retrain' parameter is deprecated and will be removed in a "
+                "future version.",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+
         return await self._inner.optimize(
             cleanup_since_ms=cleanup_since_ms,
             delete_unverified=delete_unverified,
-            retrain=retrain,
         )
 
     async def list_indices(self) -> Iterable[IndexConfig]:

python/python/tests/test_index.py

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ async def some_table(db_async):
             "tags": [
                 [f"tag{random.randint(0, 8)}" for _ in range(2)] for _ in range(NROWS)
             ],
+            "is_active": [random.choice([True, False]) for _ in range(NROWS)],
+            "data": [random.randbytes(random.randint(0, 128)) for _ in range(NROWS)],
         }
     )
     return await db_async.create_table(
@@ -99,10 +101,17 @@ async def test_create_fixed_size_binary_index(some_table: AsyncTable):
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_create_bitmap_index(some_table: AsyncTable):
     await some_table.create_index("id", config=Bitmap())
+    await some_table.create_index("is_active", config=Bitmap())
+    await some_table.create_index("data", config=Bitmap())
     indices = await some_table.list_indices()
-    assert str(indices) == '[Index(Bitmap, columns=["id"], name="id_idx")]'
-    indices = await some_table.list_indices()
-    assert len(indices) == 1
+    assert len(indices) == 3
+    assert indices[0].index_type == "Bitmap"
+    assert indices[0].columns == ["id"]
+    assert indices[1].index_type == "Bitmap"
+    assert indices[1].columns == ["is_active"]
+    assert indices[2].index_type == "Bitmap"
+    assert indices[2].columns == ["data"]
+
     index_name = indices[0].name
     stats = await some_table.index_stats(index_name)
     assert stats.index_type == "BITMAP"
@@ -111,6 +120,11 @@ async def test_create_bitmap_index(some_table: AsyncTable):
     assert stats.num_unindexed_rows == 0
     assert stats.num_indices == 1
 
+    assert (
+        "ScalarIndexQuery"
+        in await some_table.query().where("is_active = TRUE").explain_plan()
+    )
+
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_create_label_list_index(some_table: AsyncTable):

python/python/tests/test_rerankers.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from lancedb.rerankers import (
     JinaReranker,
     AnswerdotaiRerankers,
     VoyageAIReranker,
+    MRRReranker,
 )
 from lancedb.table import LanceTable
 
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ def get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
         db,
         "my_table",
         schema=MyTable,
+        mode="overwrite",
     )
 
     # Need to test with a bunch of phrases to make sure sorting is consistent
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ def get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
     )
 
     # Create a fts index
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=use_tantivy, replace=True)
 
     return table, MyTable
 
@@ -320,6 +322,34 @@ def test_rrf_reranker(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
     _run_test_hybrid_reranker(reranker, tmp_path, use_tantivy)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
+def test_mrr_reranker(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
+    reranker = MRRReranker()
+    _run_test_hybrid_reranker(reranker, tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+
+    # Test multi-vector part
+    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+    query = "single player experience"
+    rs1 = table.search(query, vector_column_name="vector").limit(10).with_row_id(True)
+    rs2 = (
+        table.search(query, vector_column_name="meta_vector")
+        .limit(10)
+        .with_row_id(True)
+    )
+    result = reranker.rerank_multivector([rs1, rs2])
+    assert "_relevance_score" in result.column_names
+    assert len(result) <= 20
+
+    if len(result) > 1:
+        assert np.all(np.diff(result.column("_relevance_score").to_numpy()) <= 0), (
+            "The _relevance_score should be descending."
+        )
+
+    # Test with duplicate results
+    result_deduped = reranker.rerank_multivector([rs1, rs2, rs1])
+    assert len(result_deduped) == len(result)
+
+
 def test_rrf_reranker_distance():
     data = pa.table(
         {

python/src/table.rs

@@ -591,12 +591,11 @@ impl Table {
     }
 
     /// Optimize the on-disk data by compacting and pruning old data, for better performance.
-    #[pyo3(signature = (cleanup_since_ms=None, delete_unverified=None, retrain=None))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (cleanup_since_ms=None, delete_unverified=None))]
     pub fn optimize(
         self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
         cleanup_since_ms: Option<u64>,
         delete_unverified: Option<bool>,
-        retrain: Option<bool>,
     ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
         let inner = self_.inner_ref()?.clone();
         let older_than = if let Some(ms) = cleanup_since_ms {
@@ -632,10 +631,9 @@ impl Table {
                 .prune
                 .unwrap();
             inner
-                .optimize(lancedb::table::OptimizeAction::Index(match retrain {
-                    Some(true) => OptimizeOptions::retrain(),
-                    _ => OptimizeOptions::default(),
-                }))
+                .optimize(lancedb::table::OptimizeAction::Index(
+                    OptimizeOptions::default(),
+                ))
                 .await
                 .infer_error()?;
             Ok(OptimizeStats {
@@ -674,6 +672,9 @@ impl Table {
         if let Some(timeout) = parameters.timeout {
             builder.timeout(timeout);
         }
+        if let Some(use_index) = parameters.use_index {
+            builder.use_index(use_index);
+        }
 
         future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {
             let res = builder.execute(Box::new(batches)).await.infer_error()?;
@@ -833,6 +834,7 @@ pub struct MergeInsertParams {
     when_not_matched_by_source_delete: bool,
     when_not_matched_by_source_condition: Option<String>,
     timeout: Option<std::time::Duration>,
+    use_index: Option<bool>,
 }
 
 #[pyclass]

rust/lancedb/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb"
-version = "0.22.1-beta.2"
+version = "0.22.2-beta.0"
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "LanceDB: A serverless, low-latency vector database for AI applications"
 license.workspace = true
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ lance-table = { workspace = true }
 lance-linalg = { workspace = true }
 lance-testing = { workspace = true }
 lance-encoding = { workspace = true }
+lance-namespace = { workspace = true }
 moka = { workspace = true }
 pin-project = { workspace = true }
 tokio = { version = "1.23", features = ["rt-multi-thread"] }
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ crunchy.workspace = true
 bytemuck_derive.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+anyhow = "1"
 tempfile = "3.5.0"
 rand = { version = "0.9", features = ["small_rng"] }
 random_word = { version = "0.4.3", features = ["en"] }

rust/lancedb/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#
+# Makefile for running tests.
+#
+
+# Run all tests.
+all-tests: feature-tests remote-tests
+
+# Run tests for every feature. This requires using docker compose to set up
+# the environment.
+feature-tests:
+	../../ci/run_with_docker_compose.sh \
+		cargo test --all-features --tests --locked --examples
+.PHONY: feature-tests
+
+# Run tests against remote endpoints.
+remote-tests:
+	../../ci/run_with_test_connection.sh \
+		cargo test --features remote --locked
+.PHONY: remote-tests

rust/lancedb/src/connection.rs

@@ -1015,6 +1015,117 @@ pub fn connect(uri: &str) -> ConnectBuilder {
     ConnectBuilder::new(uri)
 }
 
+pub struct ConnectNamespaceBuilder {
+    ns_impl: String,
+    properties: HashMap<String, String>,
+    storage_options: HashMap<String, String>,
+    read_consistency_interval: Option<std::time::Duration>,
+    embedding_registry: Option<Arc<dyn EmbeddingRegistry>>,
+    session: Option<Arc<lance::session::Session>>,
+}
+
+impl ConnectNamespaceBuilder {
+    fn new(ns_impl: &str, properties: HashMap<String, String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            ns_impl: ns_impl.to_string(),
+            properties,
+            storage_options: HashMap::new(),
+            read_consistency_interval: None,
+            embedding_registry: None,
+            session: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set an option for the storage layer.
+    ///
+    /// See available options at <https://lancedb.github.io/lancedb/guides/storage/>
+    pub fn storage_option(mut self, key: impl Into<String>, value: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        self.storage_options.insert(key.into(), value.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set multiple options for the storage layer.
+    ///
+    /// See available options at <https://lancedb.github.io/lancedb/guides/storage/>
+    pub fn storage_options(
+        mut self,
+        pairs: impl IntoIterator<Item = (impl Into<String>, impl Into<String>)>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        for (key, value) in pairs {
+            self.storage_options.insert(key.into(), value.into());
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// The interval at which to check for updates from other processes.
+    ///
+    /// If left unset, consistency is not checked. For maximum read
+    /// performance, this is the default. For strong consistency, set this to
+    /// zero seconds. Then every read will check for updates from other processes.
+    /// As a compromise, set this to a non-zero duration for eventual consistency.
+    pub fn read_consistency_interval(
+        mut self,
+        read_consistency_interval: std::time::Duration,
+    ) -> Self {
+        self.read_consistency_interval = Some(read_consistency_interval);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Provide a custom [`EmbeddingRegistry`] to use for this connection.
+    pub fn embedding_registry(mut self, registry: Arc<dyn EmbeddingRegistry>) -> Self {
+        self.embedding_registry = Some(registry);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set a custom session for object stores and caching.
+    ///
+    /// By default, a new session with default configuration will be created.
+    /// This method allows you to provide a custom session with your own
+    /// configuration for object store registries, caching, etc.
+    pub fn session(mut self, session: Arc<lance::session::Session>) -> Self {
+        self.session = Some(session);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Execute the connection
+    pub async fn execute(self) -> Result<Connection> {
+        use crate::database::namespace::LanceNamespaceDatabase;
+
+        let internal = Arc::new(
+            LanceNamespaceDatabase::connect(
+                &self.ns_impl,
+                self.properties,
+                self.storage_options,
+                self.read_consistency_interval,
+                self.session,
+            )
+            .await?,
+        );
+
+        Ok(Connection {
+            internal,
+            uri: format!("namespace://{}", self.ns_impl),
+            embedding_registry: self
+                .embedding_registry
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| Arc::new(MemoryRegistry::new())),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// Connect to a LanceDB database through a namespace.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `ns_impl` - The namespace implementation to use (e.g., "dir" for directory-based, "rest" for REST API)
+/// * `properties` - Configuration properties for the namespace implementation
+/// ```
+pub fn connect_namespace(
+    ns_impl: &str,
+    properties: HashMap<String, String>,
+) -> ConnectNamespaceBuilder {
+    ConnectNamespaceBuilder::new(ns_impl, properties)
+}
+
 #[cfg(all(test, feature = "remote"))]
 mod test_utils {
     use super::*;
@@ -1059,6 +1170,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::database::listing::{ListingDatabaseOptions, NewTableConfig};
     use crate::query::QueryBase;
     use crate::query::{ExecutableQuery, QueryExecutionOptions};
+    use crate::test_connection::test_utils::new_test_connection;
     use arrow::compute::concat_batches;
     use arrow_array::RecordBatchReader;
     use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field, Schema};
@@ -1074,11 +1186,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_connect() {
-        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
-        let uri = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap();
-        let db = connect(uri).execute().await.unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(db.uri, uri);
+        let tc = new_test_connection().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(tc.connection.uri, tc.uri);
     }
 
     #[cfg(not(windows))]
@@ -1144,16 +1253,10 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(tables, names[..7]);
     }
 
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_connect_s3() {
-        // let db = Database::connect("s3://bucket/path/to/database").await.unwrap();
-    }
-
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_open_table() {
-        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
-        let uri = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap();
-        let db = connect(uri).execute().await.unwrap();
+        let tc = new_test_connection().await.unwrap();
+        let db = tc.connection;
 
         assert_eq!(db.table_names().execute().await.unwrap().len(), 0);
         // open non-exist table

rust/lancedb/src/database.rs

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ use crate::error::Result;
 use crate::table::{BaseTable, TableDefinition, WriteOptions};
 
 pub mod listing;
+pub mod namespace;
 
 pub trait DatabaseOptions {
     fn serialize_into_map(&self, map: &mut HashMap<String, String>);

rust/lancedb/src/database/listing.rs

@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ impl Database for ListingDatabase {
 
         let target_uri = self.table_uri(&request.target_table_name)?;
         source_dataset
-            .shallow_clone(&target_uri, version_ref, storage_params)
+            .shallow_clone(&target_uri, version_ref, Some(storage_params))
             .await
             .map_err(|e| Error::Lance { source: e })?;
 

rust/lancedb/src/database/namespace.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,840 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
+
+//! Namespace-based database implementation that delegates table management to lance-namespace
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use lance_namespace::{
+    connect as connect_namespace,
+    models::{
+        CreateEmptyTableRequest, CreateNamespaceRequest, DescribeTableRequest,
+        DropNamespaceRequest, DropTableRequest, ListNamespacesRequest, ListTablesRequest,
+    },
+    LanceNamespace,
+};
+
+use crate::connection::ConnectRequest;
+use crate::database::listing::ListingDatabase;
+use crate::error::{Error, Result};
+
+use super::{
+    BaseTable, CloneTableRequest, CreateNamespaceRequest as DbCreateNamespaceRequest,
+    CreateTableMode, CreateTableRequest as DbCreateTableRequest, Database,
+    DropNamespaceRequest as DbDropNamespaceRequest,
+    ListNamespacesRequest as DbListNamespacesRequest, OpenTableRequest, TableNamesRequest,
+};
+
+/// A database implementation that uses lance-namespace for table management
+pub struct LanceNamespaceDatabase {
+    namespace: Arc<dyn LanceNamespace>,
+    // Storage options to be inherited by tables
+    storage_options: HashMap<String, String>,
+    // Read consistency interval for tables
+    read_consistency_interval: Option<std::time::Duration>,
+    // Optional session for object stores and caching
+    session: Option<Arc<lance::session::Session>>,
+}
+
+impl LanceNamespaceDatabase {
+    pub async fn connect(
+        ns_impl: &str,
+        ns_properties: HashMap<String, String>,
+        storage_options: HashMap<String, String>,
+        read_consistency_interval: Option<std::time::Duration>,
+        session: Option<Arc<lance::session::Session>>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        let namespace = connect_namespace(ns_impl, ns_properties.clone())
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| Error::InvalidInput {
+                message: format!("Failed to connect to namespace: {:?}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            namespace,
+            storage_options,
+            read_consistency_interval,
+            session,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Helper method to create a ListingDatabase from a table location
+    ///
+    /// This method:
+    /// 1. Validates that the location ends with <table_name>.lance
+    /// 2. Extracts the parent directory from the location
+    /// 3. Creates a ListingDatabase at that parent directory
+    async fn create_listing_database(
+        &self,
+        table_name: &str,
+        location: &str,
+        additional_storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
+    ) -> Result<Arc<ListingDatabase>> {
+        let expected_suffix = format!("{}.lance", table_name);
+        if !location.ends_with(&expected_suffix) {
+            return Err(Error::Runtime {
+                message: format!(
+                    "Invalid table location '{}': expected to end with '{}'",
+                    location, expected_suffix
+                ),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let parent_dir = location
+            .rsplit_once('/')
+            .map(|(parent, _)| parent.to_string())
+            .ok_or_else(|| Error::Runtime {
+                message: format!("Invalid table location '{}': no parent directory", location),
+            })?;
+
+        let mut merged_storage_options = self.storage_options.clone();
+        if let Some(opts) = additional_storage_options {
+            merged_storage_options.extend(opts);
+        }
+
+        let connect_request = ConnectRequest {
+            uri: parent_dir,
+            options: merged_storage_options,
+            read_consistency_interval: self.read_consistency_interval,
+            session: self.session.clone(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "remote")]
+            client_config: Default::default(),
+        };
+
+        let listing_db = ListingDatabase::connect_with_options(&connect_request)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| Error::Runtime {
+                message: format!("Failed to create listing database: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(Arc::new(listing_db))
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for LanceNamespaceDatabase {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("LanceNamespaceDatabase")
+            .field("storage_options", &self.storage_options)
+            .field("read_consistency_interval", &self.read_consistency_interval)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for LanceNamespaceDatabase {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "LanceNamespaceDatabase")
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl Database for LanceNamespaceDatabase {
+    async fn list_namespaces(&self, request: DbListNamespacesRequest) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+        let ns_request = ListNamespacesRequest {
+            id: if request.namespace.is_empty() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(request.namespace)
+            },
+            page_token: request.page_token,
+            limit: request.limit.map(|l| l as i32),
+        };
+
+        let response = self
+            .namespace
+            .list_namespaces(ns_request)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| Error::Runtime {
+                message: format!("Failed to list namespaces: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(response.namespaces)
+    }
+
+    async fn create_namespace(&self, request: DbCreateNamespaceRequest) -> Result<()> {
+        let ns_request = CreateNamespaceRequest {
+            id: if request.namespace.is_empty() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(request.namespace)
+            },
+            mode: None,
+            properties: None,
+        };
+
+        self.namespace
+            .create_namespace(ns_request)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| Error::Runtime {
+                message: format!("Failed to create namespace: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn drop_namespace(&self, request: DbDropNamespaceRequest) -> Result<()> {
+        let ns_request = DropNamespaceRequest {
+            id: if request.namespace.is_empty() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(request.namespace)
+            },
+            mode: None,
+            behavior: None,
+        };
+
+        self.namespace
+            .drop_namespace(ns_request)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| Error::Runtime {
+                message: format!("Failed to drop namespace: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn table_names(&self, request: TableNamesRequest) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+        let ns_request = ListTablesRequest {
+            id: if request.namespace.is_empty() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(request.namespace)
+            },
+            page_token: request.start_after,
+            limit: request.limit.map(|l| l as i32),
+        };
+
+        let response =
+            self.namespace
+                .list_tables(ns_request)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| Error::Runtime {
+                    message: format!("Failed to list tables: {}", e),
+                })?;
+
+        Ok(response.tables)
+    }
+
+    async fn create_table(&self, request: DbCreateTableRequest) -> Result<Arc<dyn BaseTable>> {
+        let mut table_id = request.namespace.clone();
+        table_id.push(request.name.clone());
+        let describe_request = DescribeTableRequest {
+            id: Some(table_id.clone()),
+            version: None,
+        };
+
+        let describe_result = self.namespace.describe_table(describe_request).await;
+
+        match request.mode {
+            CreateTableMode::Create => {
+                if describe_result.is_ok() {
+                    return Err(Error::TableAlreadyExists {
+                        name: request.name.clone(),
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            CreateTableMode::Overwrite => {
+                if describe_result.is_ok() {
+                    // Drop the existing table - must succeed
+                    let drop_request = DropTableRequest {
+                        id: Some(table_id.clone()),
+                    };
+                    self.namespace
+                        .drop_table(drop_request)
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(|e| Error::Runtime {
+                            message: format!("Failed to drop existing table for overwrite: {}", e),
+                        })?;
+                }
+            }
+            CreateTableMode::ExistOk(_) => {
+                if let Ok(response) = describe_result {
+                    let location = response.location.ok_or_else(|| Error::Runtime {
+                        message: "Table location is missing from namespace response".to_string(),
+                    })?;
+
+                    let listing_db = self
+                        .create_listing_database(&request.name, &location, response.storage_options)
+                        .await?;
+
+                    return listing_db
+                        .open_table(OpenTableRequest {
+                            name: request.name.clone(),
+                            namespace: request.namespace.clone(),
+                            index_cache_size: None,
+                            lance_read_params: None,
+                        })
+                        .await;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut table_id = request.namespace.clone();
+        table_id.push(request.name.clone());
+
+        let create_empty_request = CreateEmptyTableRequest {
+            id: Some(table_id),
+            location: None,
+            properties: if self.storage_options.is_empty() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(self.storage_options.clone())
+            },
+        };
+
+        let create_empty_response = self
+            .namespace
+            .create_empty_table(create_empty_request)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| Error::Runtime {
+                message: format!("Failed to create empty table: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        let location = create_empty_response
+            .location
+            .ok_or_else(|| Error::Runtime {
+                message: "Table location is missing from create_empty_table response".to_string(),
+            })?;
+
+        let listing_db = self
+            .create_listing_database(
+                &request.name,
+                &location,
+                create_empty_response.storage_options,
+            )
+            .await?;
+
+        listing_db.create_table(request).await
+    }
+
+    async fn open_table(&self, request: OpenTableRequest) -> Result<Arc<dyn BaseTable>> {
+        let mut table_id = request.namespace.clone();
+        table_id.push(request.name.clone());
+
+        let describe_request = DescribeTableRequest {
+            id: Some(table_id),
+            version: None,
+        };
+        let response = self
+            .namespace
+            .describe_table(describe_request)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| Error::Runtime {
+                message: format!("Failed to describe table: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        let location = response.location.ok_or_else(|| Error::Runtime {
+            message: "Table location is missing from namespace response".to_string(),
+        })?;
+
+        let listing_db = self
+            .create_listing_database(&request.name, &location, response.storage_options)
+            .await?;
+
+        listing_db.open_table(request).await
+    }
+
+    async fn clone_table(&self, _request: CloneTableRequest) -> Result<Arc<dyn BaseTable>> {
+        Err(Error::NotSupported {
+            message: "clone_table is not supported for namespace connections".to_string(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn rename_table(
+        &self,
+        _cur_name: &str,
+        _new_name: &str,
+        _cur_namespace: &[String],
+        _new_namespace: &[String],
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(Error::NotSupported {
+            message: "rename_table is not supported for namespace connections".to_string(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn drop_table(&self, name: &str, namespace: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut table_id = namespace.to_vec();
+        table_id.push(name.to_string());
+
+        let drop_request = DropTableRequest { id: Some(table_id) };
+        self.namespace
+            .drop_table(drop_request)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| Error::Runtime {
+                message: format!("Failed to drop table: {}", e),
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn drop_all_tables(&self, namespace: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
+        let tables = self
+            .table_names(TableNamesRequest {
+                namespace: namespace.to_vec(),
+                start_after: None,
+                limit: None,
+            })
+            .await?;
+
+        for table in tables {
+            self.drop_table(&table, namespace).await?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[cfg(not(windows))] // TODO: support windows for lance-namespace
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::connect_namespace;
+    use crate::query::ExecutableQuery;
+    use arrow_array::{Int32Array, RecordBatch, RecordBatchIterator, StringArray};
+    use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field, Schema};
+    use futures::TryStreamExt;
+    use tempfile::tempdir;
+
+    /// Helper function to create test data
+    fn create_test_data() -> RecordBatchIterator<
+        std::vec::IntoIter<std::result::Result<RecordBatch, arrow_schema::ArrowError>>,
+    > {
+        let schema = Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![
+            Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, false),
+            Field::new("name", DataType::Utf8, false),
+        ]));
+
+        let id_array = Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+        let name_array = StringArray::from(vec!["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "David", "Eve"]);
+
+        let batch = RecordBatch::try_new(
+            schema.clone(),
+            vec![Arc::new(id_array), Arc::new(name_array)],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        RecordBatchIterator::new(vec![std::result::Result::Ok(batch)].into_iter(), schema)
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_namespace_connection_simple() {
+        // Test that namespace connections work with simple connect_namespace(impl_type, properties)
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root_path = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+
+        let mut properties = HashMap::new();
+        properties.insert("root".to_string(), root_path);
+
+        // This should succeed with directory-based namespace
+        let result = connect_namespace("dir", properties).execute().await;
+
+        assert!(result.is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_namespace_connection_with_storage_options() {
+        // Test namespace connections with storage options
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root_path = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+
+        let mut properties = HashMap::new();
+        properties.insert("root".to_string(), root_path);
+
+        // This should succeed with directory-based namespace and storage options
+        let result = connect_namespace("dir", properties)
+            .storage_option("timeout", "30s")
+            .execute()
+            .await;
+
+        assert!(result.is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_namespace_connection_with_all_options() {
+        use crate::embeddings::MemoryRegistry;
+        use std::time::Duration;
+
+        // Test namespace connections with all configuration options
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root_path = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+
+        let mut properties = HashMap::new();
+        properties.insert("root".to_string(), root_path);
+
+        let embedding_registry = Arc::new(MemoryRegistry::new());
+        let session = Arc::new(lance::session::Session::default());
+
+        // Test with all options set
+        let result = connect_namespace("dir", properties)
+            .storage_option("timeout", "30s")
+            .storage_options([("cache_size", "1gb"), ("region", "us-east-1")])
+            .read_consistency_interval(Duration::from_secs(5))
+            .embedding_registry(embedding_registry.clone())
+            .session(session.clone())
+            .execute()
+            .await;
+
+        assert!(result.is_ok());
+
+        let conn = result.unwrap();
+
+        // Verify embedding registry is set correctly
+        assert!(std::ptr::eq(
+            conn.embedding_registry() as *const _,
+            embedding_registry.as_ref() as *const _
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_namespace_create_table_basic() {
+        // Setup: Create a temporary directory for the namespace
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root_path = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+
+        // Connect to namespace using DirectoryNamespace
+        let mut properties = HashMap::new();
+        properties.insert("root".to_string(), root_path);
+
+        let conn = connect_namespace("dir", properties)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to connect to namespace");
+
+        // Test: Create a table
+        let test_data = create_test_data();
+        let table = conn
+            .create_table("test_table", test_data)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to create table");
+
+        // Verify: Table was created and can be queried
+        let results = table
+            .query()
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to query table")
+            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to collect results");
+
+        assert_eq!(results.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(results[0].num_rows(), 5);
+
+        // Verify: Table appears in table_names
+        let table_names = conn
+            .table_names()
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to list tables");
+        assert!(table_names.contains(&"test_table".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_namespace_describe_table() {
+        // Setup: Create a temporary directory for the namespace
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root_path = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+
+        // Connect to namespace
+        let mut properties = HashMap::new();
+        properties.insert("root".to_string(), root_path);
+
+        let conn = connect_namespace("dir", properties)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to connect to namespace");
+
+        // Create a table first
+        let test_data = create_test_data();
+        let _table = conn
+            .create_table("describe_test", test_data)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to create table");
+
+        // Test: Open the table (which internally uses describe_table)
+        let opened_table = conn
+            .open_table("describe_test")
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to open table");
+
+        // Verify: Can query the opened table
+        let results = opened_table
+            .query()
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to query table")
+            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to collect results");
+
+        assert_eq!(results.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(results[0].num_rows(), 5);
+
+        // Verify schema matches
+        let schema = opened_table.schema().await.expect("Failed to get schema");
+        assert_eq!(schema.fields.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(schema.field(0).name(), "id");
+        assert_eq!(schema.field(1).name(), "name");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_namespace_create_table_overwrite_mode() {
+        // Setup: Create a temporary directory for the namespace
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root_path = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+
+        let mut properties = HashMap::new();
+        properties.insert("root".to_string(), root_path);
+
+        let conn = connect_namespace("dir", properties)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to connect to namespace");
+
+        // Create initial table with 5 rows
+        let test_data1 = create_test_data();
+        let _table1 = conn
+            .create_table("overwrite_test", test_data1)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to create table");
+
+        // Create new data with 3 rows
+        let schema = Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![
+            Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, false),
+            Field::new("name", DataType::Utf8, false),
+        ]));
+        let id_array = Int32Array::from(vec![10, 20, 30]);
+        let name_array = StringArray::from(vec!["New1", "New2", "New3"]);
+        let test_data2 = RecordBatch::try_new(
+            schema.clone(),
+            vec![Arc::new(id_array), Arc::new(name_array)],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Test: Overwrite the table
+        let table2 = conn
+            .create_table(
+                "overwrite_test",
+                RecordBatchIterator::new(
+                    vec![std::result::Result::Ok(test_data2)].into_iter(),
+                    schema,
+                ),
+            )
+            .mode(CreateTableMode::Overwrite)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to overwrite table");
+
+        // Verify: Table has new data (3 rows instead of 5)
+        let results = table2
+            .query()
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to query table")
+            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to collect results");
+
+        assert_eq!(results.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(results[0].num_rows(), 3);
+
+        // Verify the data is actually the new data
+        let id_col = results[0]
+            .column(0)
+            .as_any()
+            .downcast_ref::<Int32Array>()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(id_col.value(0), 10);
+        assert_eq!(id_col.value(1), 20);
+        assert_eq!(id_col.value(2), 30);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_namespace_create_table_exist_ok_mode() {
+        // Setup: Create a temporary directory for the namespace
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root_path = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+
+        let mut properties = HashMap::new();
+        properties.insert("root".to_string(), root_path);
+
+        let conn = connect_namespace("dir", properties)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to connect to namespace");
+
+        // Create initial table with test data
+        let test_data1 = create_test_data();
+        let _table1 = conn
+            .create_table("exist_ok_test", test_data1)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to create table");
+
+        // Try to create again with exist_ok mode
+        let test_data2 = create_test_data();
+        let table2 = conn
+            .create_table("exist_ok_test", test_data2)
+            .mode(CreateTableMode::exist_ok(|req| req))
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed with exist_ok mode");
+
+        // Verify: Table still has original data (5 rows)
+        let results = table2
+            .query()
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to query table")
+            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to collect results");
+
+        assert_eq!(results.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(results[0].num_rows(), 5);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_namespace_create_multiple_tables() {
+        // Setup: Create a temporary directory for the namespace
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root_path = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+
+        let mut properties = HashMap::new();
+        properties.insert("root".to_string(), root_path);
+
+        let conn = connect_namespace("dir", properties)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to connect to namespace");
+
+        // Create first table
+        let test_data1 = create_test_data();
+        let _table1 = conn
+            .create_table("table1", test_data1)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to create first table");
+
+        // Create second table
+        let test_data2 = create_test_data();
+        let _table2 = conn
+            .create_table("table2", test_data2)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to create second table");
+
+        // Verify: Both tables appear in table list
+        let table_names = conn
+            .table_names()
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to list tables");
+
+        assert!(table_names.contains(&"table1".to_string()));
+        assert!(table_names.contains(&"table2".to_string()));
+
+        // Verify: Can open both tables
+        let opened_table1 = conn
+            .open_table("table1")
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to open table1");
+
+        let opened_table2 = conn
+            .open_table("table2")
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to open table2");
+
+        // Verify both tables work
+        let count1 = opened_table1
+            .count_rows(None)
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to count rows in table1");
+        assert_eq!(count1, 5);
+
+        let count2 = opened_table2
+            .count_rows(None)
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to count rows in table2");
+        assert_eq!(count2, 5);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_namespace_table_not_found() {
+        // Setup: Create a temporary directory for the namespace
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root_path = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+
+        let mut properties = HashMap::new();
+        properties.insert("root".to_string(), root_path);
+
+        let conn = connect_namespace("dir", properties)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to connect to namespace");
+
+        // Test: Try to open a non-existent table
+        let result = conn.open_table("non_existent_table").execute().await;
+
+        // Verify: Should return an error
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_namespace_drop_table() {
+        // Setup: Create a temporary directory for the namespace
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root_path = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+
+        let mut properties = HashMap::new();
+        properties.insert("root".to_string(), root_path);
+
+        let conn = connect_namespace("dir", properties)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to connect to namespace");
+
+        // Create a table first
+        let test_data = create_test_data();
+        let _table = conn
+            .create_table("drop_test", test_data)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to create table");
+
+        // Verify table exists
+        let table_names_before = conn
+            .table_names()
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to list tables");
+        assert!(table_names_before.contains(&"drop_test".to_string()));
+
+        // Test: Drop the table
+        conn.drop_table("drop_test", &[])
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to drop table");
+
+        // Verify: Table no longer exists
+        let table_names_after = conn
+            .table_names()
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to list tables");
+        assert!(!table_names_after.contains(&"drop_test".to_string()));
+
+        // Verify: Cannot open dropped table
+        let open_result = conn.open_table("drop_test").execute().await;
+        assert!(open_result.is_err());
+    }
+}

rust/lancedb/src/index/vector.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //! values
 use std::cmp::max;
 
-use lance::table::format::{Index, Manifest};
+use lance::table::format::{IndexMetadata, Manifest};
 
 use crate::DistanceType;
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub struct VectorIndex {
 }
 
 impl VectorIndex {
-    pub fn new_from_format(manifest: &Manifest, index: &Index) -> Self {
+    pub fn new_from_format(manifest: &Manifest, index: &IndexMetadata) -> Self {
         let fields = index
             .fields
             .iter()

rust/lancedb/src/lib.rs

@@ -206,13 +206,14 @@ pub mod query;
 pub mod remote;
 pub mod rerankers;
 pub mod table;
+pub mod test_connection;
 pub mod utils;
 
 use std::fmt::Display;
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-pub use connection::Connection;
+pub use connection::{ConnectNamespaceBuilder, Connection};
 pub use error::{Error, Result};
 use lance_linalg::distance::DistanceType as LanceDistanceType;
 pub use table::Table;
@@ -289,6 +290,8 @@ impl Display for DistanceType {
 
 /// Connect to a database
 pub use connection::connect;
+/// Connect to a namespace-backed database
+pub use connection::connect_namespace;
 
 /// Re-export Lance Session and ObjectStoreRegistry for custom session creation
 pub use lance::session::Session;

rust/lancedb/src/remote/table.rs

@@ -1452,6 +1452,14 @@ struct MergeInsertRequest {
     when_not_matched_insert_all: bool,
     when_not_matched_by_source_delete: bool,
     when_not_matched_by_source_delete_filt: Option<String>,
+    // For backwards compatibility, only serialize use_index when it's false
+    // (the default is true)
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_true")]
+    use_index: bool,
+}
+
+fn is_true(b: &bool) -> bool {
+    *b
 }
 
 impl TryFrom<MergeInsertBuilder> for MergeInsertRequest {
@@ -1476,6 +1484,8 @@ impl TryFrom<MergeInsertBuilder> for MergeInsertRequest {
             when_not_matched_insert_all: value.when_not_matched_insert_all,
             when_not_matched_by_source_delete: value.when_not_matched_by_source_delete,
             when_not_matched_by_source_delete_filt: value.when_not_matched_by_source_delete_filt,
+            // Only serialize use_index when it's false for backwards compatibility
+            use_index: value.use_index,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -1942,6 +1952,7 @@ mod tests {
                 assert_eq!(params["when_not_matched_by_source_delete"], "false");
                 assert!(!params.contains_key("when_matched_update_all_filt"));
                 assert!(!params.contains_key("when_not_matched_by_source_delete_filt"));
+                assert!(!params.contains_key("use_index"));
 
                 if old_server {
                     http::Response::builder().status(200).body("{}").unwrap()

rust/lancedb/src/table.rs

@@ -1976,6 +1976,8 @@ impl NativeTable {
     /// Delete keys from the config
     pub async fn delete_config_keys(&self, delete_keys: &[&str]) -> Result<()> {
         let mut dataset = self.dataset.get_mut().await?;
+        // TODO: update this when we implement metadata APIs
+        #[allow(deprecated)]
         dataset.delete_config_keys(delete_keys).await?;
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -1986,6 +1988,8 @@ impl NativeTable {
         upsert_values: impl IntoIterator<Item = (String, String)>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let mut dataset = self.dataset.get_mut().await?;
+        // TODO: update this when we implement metadata APIs
+        #[allow(deprecated)]
         dataset.replace_schema_metadata(upsert_values).await?;
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -2395,6 +2399,7 @@ impl BaseTable for NativeTable {
         } else {
             builder.when_not_matched_by_source(WhenNotMatchedBySource::Keep);
         }
+        builder.use_index(params.use_index);
 
         let future = if let Some(timeout) = params.timeout {
             // The default retry timeout is 30s, so we pass the full timeout down
@@ -2755,6 +2760,7 @@ mod tests {
         RecordBatchReader, StringArray, TimestampMillisecondArray, TimestampNanosecondArray,
         UInt32Array,
     };
+    use arrow_array::{BinaryArray, LargeBinaryArray};
     use arrow_data::ArrayDataBuilder;
     use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field, Schema, TimeUnit};
     use futures::TryStreamExt;
@@ -2902,6 +2908,38 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_merge_insert_use_index() {
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let uri = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap();
+        let conn = connect(uri).execute().await.unwrap();
+
+        // Create a dataset with i=0..10
+        let batches = merge_insert_test_batches(0, 0);
+        let table = conn
+            .create_table("my_table", batches)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(table.count_rows(None).await.unwrap(), 10);
+
+        // Test use_index=true (default behavior)
+        let new_batches = Box::new(merge_insert_test_batches(5, 1));
+        let mut merge_insert_builder = table.merge_insert(&["i"]);
+        merge_insert_builder.when_not_matched_insert_all();
+        merge_insert_builder.use_index(true);
+        merge_insert_builder.execute(new_batches).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(table.count_rows(None).await.unwrap(), 15);
+
+        // Test use_index=false (force table scan)
+        let new_batches = Box::new(merge_insert_test_batches(15, 2));
+        let mut merge_insert_builder = table.merge_insert(&["i"]);
+        merge_insert_builder.when_not_matched_insert_all();
+        merge_insert_builder.use_index(false);
+        merge_insert_builder.execute(new_batches).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(table.count_rows(None).await.unwrap(), 25);
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_add_overwrite() {
         let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -3688,6 +3726,10 @@ mod tests {
         let schema = Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![
             Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, false),
             Field::new("category", DataType::Utf8, true),
+            Field::new("large_category", DataType::LargeUtf8, true),
+            Field::new("is_active", DataType::Boolean, true),
+            Field::new("data", DataType::Binary, true),
+            Field::new("large_data", DataType::LargeBinary, true),
         ]));
 
         let batch = RecordBatch::try_new(
@@ -3697,6 +3739,16 @@ mod tests {
                 Arc::new(StringArray::from_iter_values(
                     (0..100).map(|i| format!("category_{}", i % 5)),
                 )),
+                Arc::new(LargeStringArray::from_iter_values(
+                    (0..100).map(|i| format!("large_category_{}", i % 5)),
+                )),
+                Arc::new(BooleanArray::from_iter((0..100).map(|i| Some(i % 2 == 0)))),
+                Arc::new(BinaryArray::from_iter_values(
+                    (0_u32..100).map(|i| i.to_le_bytes()),
+                )),
+                Arc::new(LargeBinaryArray::from_iter_values(
+                    (0_u32..100).map(|i| i.to_le_bytes()),
+                )),
             ],
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -3717,12 +3769,58 @@ mod tests {
             .await
             .unwrap();
 
+        // Create bitmap index on the "is_active" column
+        table
+            .create_index(&["is_active"], Index::Bitmap(Default::default()))
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Create bitmap index on the "data" column
+        table
+            .create_index(&["data"], Index::Bitmap(Default::default()))
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Create bitmap index on the "large_data" column
+        table
+            .create_index(&["large_data"], Index::Bitmap(Default::default()))
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Create bitmap index on the "large_category" column
+        table
+            .create_index(&["large_category"], Index::Bitmap(Default::default()))
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
         // Verify the index was created
         let index_configs = table.list_indices().await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(index_configs.len(), 1);
-        let index = index_configs.into_iter().next().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(index_configs.len(), 5);
+
+        let mut configs_iter = index_configs.into_iter();
+        let index = configs_iter.next().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(index.index_type, crate::index::IndexType::Bitmap);
         assert_eq!(index.columns, vec!["category".to_string()]);
+
+        let index = configs_iter.next().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(index.index_type, crate::index::IndexType::Bitmap);
+        assert_eq!(index.columns, vec!["is_active".to_string()]);
+
+        let index = configs_iter.next().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(index.index_type, crate::index::IndexType::Bitmap);
+        assert_eq!(index.columns, vec!["data".to_string()]);
+
+        let index = configs_iter.next().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(index.index_type, crate::index::IndexType::Bitmap);
+        assert_eq!(index.columns, vec!["large_data".to_string()]);
+
+        let index = configs_iter.next().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(index.index_type, crate::index::IndexType::Bitmap);
+        assert_eq!(index.columns, vec!["large_category".to_string()]);
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]

rust/lancedb/src/table/merge.rs

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ pub struct MergeInsertBuilder {
     pub(crate) when_not_matched_by_source_delete: bool,
     pub(crate) when_not_matched_by_source_delete_filt: Option<String>,
     pub(crate) timeout: Option<Duration>,
+    pub(crate) use_index: bool,
 }
 
 impl MergeInsertBuilder {
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ impl MergeInsertBuilder {
             when_not_matched_by_source_delete: false,
             when_not_matched_by_source_delete_filt: None,
             timeout: None,
+            use_index: true,
         }
     }
 
@@ -101,6 +103,19 @@ impl MergeInsertBuilder {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Controls whether to use indexes for the merge operation.
+    ///
+    /// When set to `true` (the default), the operation will use an index if available
+    /// on the join key for improved performance. When set to `false`, it forces a full
+    /// table scan even if an index exists. This can be useful for benchmarking or when
+    /// the query optimizer chooses a suboptimal path.
+    ///
+    /// If not set, defaults to `true` (use index if available).
+    pub fn use_index(&mut self, use_index: bool) -> &mut Self {
+        self.use_index = use_index;
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Executes the merge insert operation
     ///
     /// Returns version and statistics about the merge operation including the number of rows

rust/lancedb/src/test_connection.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
+
+//! Functions for testing connections.
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub mod test_utils {
+    use regex::Regex;
+    use std::env;
+    use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader};
+    use std::process::{Child, ChildStdout, Command, Stdio};
+
+    use crate::{connect, Connection};
+    use anyhow::{bail, Result};
+    use tempfile::{tempdir, TempDir};
+
+    pub struct TestConnection {
+        pub uri: String,
+        pub connection: Connection,
+        _temp_dir: Option<TempDir>,
+        _process: Option<TestProcess>,
+    }
+
+    struct TestProcess {
+        child: Child,
+    }
+
+    impl Drop for TestProcess {
+        #[allow(unused_must_use)]
+        fn drop(&mut self) {
+            self.child.kill();
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn new_test_connection() -> Result<TestConnection> {
+        match env::var("CREATE_LANCEDB_TEST_CONNECTION_SCRIPT") {
+            Ok(script_path) => new_remote_connection(&script_path).await,
+            Err(_e) => new_local_connection().await,
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn new_remote_connection(script_path: &str) -> Result<TestConnection> {
+        let temp_dir = tempdir()?;
+        let data_path = temp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+        let child_result = Command::new(script_path)
+            .stdin(Stdio::null())
+            .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+            .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+            .arg(data_path.clone())
+            .spawn();
+        if child_result.is_err() {
+            bail!(format!(
+                "Unable to run {}: {:?}",
+                script_path,
+                child_result.err()
+            ));
+        }
+        let mut process = TestProcess {
+            child: child_result.unwrap(),
+        };
+        let stdout = BufReader::new(process.child.stdout.take().unwrap());
+        let port = read_process_port(stdout)?;
+        let uri = "db://test";
+        let host_override = format!("http://localhost:{}", port);
+        let connection = create_new_connection(uri, &host_override).await?;
+        Ok(TestConnection {
+            uri: uri.to_string(),
+            connection,
+            _temp_dir: Some(temp_dir),
+            _process: Some(process),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn read_process_port(mut stdout: BufReader<ChildStdout>) -> Result<String> {
+        let mut line = String::new();
+        let re = Regex::new(r"Query node now listening on 0.0.0.0:(.*)").unwrap();
+        loop {
+            let result = stdout.read_line(&mut line);
+            if let Err(err) = result {
+                bail!(format!(
+                    "read_process_port: error while reading from process output: {}",
+                    err
+                ));
+            } else if result.unwrap() == 0 {
+                bail!("read_process_port: hit EOF before reading port from process output.");
+            }
+            if re.is_match(&line) {
+                let caps = re.captures(&line).unwrap();
+                return Ok(caps[1].to_string());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "remote")]
+    async fn create_new_connection(
+        uri: &str,
+        host_override: &str,
+    ) -> crate::error::Result<Connection> {
+        connect(uri)
+            .region("us-east-1")
+            .api_key("sk_localtest")
+            .host_override(host_override)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "remote"))]
+    async fn create_new_connection(
+        _uri: &str,
+        _host_override: &str,
+    ) -> crate::error::Result<Connection> {
+        panic!("remote feature not supported");
+    }
+
+    async fn new_local_connection() -> Result<TestConnection> {
+        let temp_dir = tempdir()?;
+        let uri = temp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap();
+        let connection = connect(uri).execute().await?;
+        Ok(TestConnection {
+            uri: uri.to_string(),
+            connection,
+            _temp_dir: Some(temp_dir),
+            _process: None,
+        })
+    }
+}

rust/lancedb/src/utils.rs

@@ -195,7 +195,15 @@ pub fn supported_btree_data_type(dtype: &DataType) -> bool {
 }
 
 pub fn supported_bitmap_data_type(dtype: &DataType) -> bool {
-    dtype.is_integer() || matches!(dtype, DataType::Utf8)
+    dtype.is_integer()
+        || matches!(
+            dtype,
+            DataType::Utf8
+                | DataType::LargeUtf8
+                | DataType::Binary
+                | DataType::LargeBinary
+                | DataType::Boolean
+        )
 }
 
 pub fn supported_label_list_data_type(dtype: &DataType) -> bool {