fix: raise instead of return ValueError (#3189)

These couple of cases used to return ValueError; should raise it
instead.

.bumpversion.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tool.bumpversion]
-current_version = "0.27.0-beta.4"
+current_version = "0.27.2-beta.1"
 parse = """(?x)
     (?P<major>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
     (?P<minor>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.

.github/workflows/dev.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Label PR
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: srvaroa/labeler@master
+      - uses: srvaroa/labeler@v1
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
   commitlint:
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Verify PR title / description conforms to semantic-release
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: "18"
       # These rules are disabled because Github will always ensure there
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
 
             ${{ github.event.pull_request.body }}
       - if: failure()
-        uses: actions/github-script@v6
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
         with:
           script: |
             const message = `**ACTION NEEDED**

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
           python -m pip install --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lance-format/ --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lancedb/ -e .
           python -m pip install --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lance-format/ --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lancedb/ -r ../docs/requirements.txt
       - name: Set up node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: 20
           cache: 'npm'
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           PYTHONPATH=. mkdocs build
       - name: Setup Pages
-        uses: actions/configure-pages@v2
+        uses: actions/configure-pages@v5
       - name: Upload artifact
         uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3
         with:

.github/workflows/nodejs.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ on:
   pull_request:
     paths:
       - Cargo.toml
+      - Cargo.lock
       - nodejs/**
       - rust/**
       - docs/src/js/**
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
         lfs: true
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
       with:
         node-version: 20
         cache: 'npm'
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ jobs:
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
         lfs: true
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
       name: Setup Node.js 20 for build
       with:
         # @napi-rs/cli v3 requires Node >= 20.12 (via @inquirer/prompts@8).
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         npm ci --include=optional
         npm run build:debug -- --profile ci
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
       name: Setup Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }} for test
       with:
         node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ jobs:
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
         lfs: true
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
       with:
         node-version: 20
         cache: 'npm'

.github/workflows/npm-publish.yml

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ on:
     paths:
       - .github/workflows/npm-publish.yml
       - Cargo.toml # Change in dependency frequently breaks builds
+      - Cargo.lock
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
@@ -124,7 +125,12 @@ jobs:
             pre_build: |-
               set -e &&
               apt-get update &&
-              apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler pkg-config
+              apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler pkg-config &&
+              # The base image (manylinux2014-cross) sets TARGET_CC to the old
+              # GCC 4.8 cross-compiler. aws-lc-sys checks TARGET_CC before CC,
+              # so it picks up GCC even though the napi-rs image sets CC=clang.
+              # Override to use the image's clang-18 which supports -fuse-ld=lld.
+              export TARGET_CC=clang TARGET_CXX=clang++
           - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
             # This one seems to need some extra memory
             host: ubuntu-2404-8x-x64
@@ -144,9 +150,10 @@ jobs:
               set -e &&
               apt-get update &&
               apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler pkg-config &&
-              # https://github.com/aws/aws-lc-rs/issues/737#issuecomment-2725918627
-              ln -s /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.8.5/crtbeginS.o /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/crtbeginS.o &&
-              ln -s /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/gcc /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/gcc &&
+              export TARGET_CC=clang TARGET_CXX=clang++ &&
+              # The manylinux2014 sysroot has glibc 2.17 headers which lack
+              # AT_HWCAP2 (added in Linux 3.17). Define it for aws-lc-sys.
+              export CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -DAT_HWCAP2=26" &&
               rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
           - target: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
             host: ubuntu-2404-8x-x64
@@ -266,7 +273,7 @@ jobs:
           - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
             host: ubuntu-latest
           - target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
-            host: buildjet-16vcpu-ubuntu-2204-arm
+            host: ubuntu-2404-8x-arm64
         node:
           - '20'
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.settings.host }}

.github/workflows/pypi-publish.yml

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ on:
     paths:
       - .github/workflows/pypi-publish.yml
       - Cargo.toml # Change in dependency frequently breaks builds
+      - Cargo.lock
 
 env:
   PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL: "https://pypi.fury.io/lance-format/ https://pypi.fury.io/lancedb/"

.github/workflows/python.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ on:
   pull_request:
     paths:
       - Cargo.toml
+      - Cargo.lock
       - python/**
       - rust/**
       - .github/workflows/python.yml

.github/workflows/rust.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ on:
   pull_request:
     paths:
       - Cargo.toml
+      - Cargo.lock
       - rust/**
       - .github/workflows/rust.yml
 
@@ -206,14 +207,14 @@ jobs:
       - name: Downgrade  dependencies
         # These packages have newer requirements for MSRV
         run: |
-          cargo update -p aws-sdk-bedrockruntime --precise 1.64.0
-          cargo update -p aws-sdk-dynamodb --precise 1.55.0
-          cargo update -p aws-config --precise 1.5.10
-          cargo update -p aws-sdk-kms --precise 1.51.0
-          cargo update -p aws-sdk-s3 --precise 1.65.0
-          cargo update -p aws-sdk-sso --precise 1.50.0
-          cargo update -p aws-sdk-ssooidc --precise 1.51.0
-          cargo update -p aws-sdk-sts --precise 1.51.0
+          cargo update -p aws-sdk-bedrockruntime --precise 1.77.0
+          cargo update -p aws-sdk-dynamodb --precise 1.68.0
+          cargo update -p aws-config --precise 1.6.0
+          cargo update -p aws-sdk-kms --precise 1.63.0
+          cargo update -p aws-sdk-s3 --precise 1.79.0
+          cargo update -p aws-sdk-sso --precise 1.62.0
+          cargo update -p aws-sdk-ssooidc --precise 1.63.0
+          cargo update -p aws-sdk-sts --precise 1.63.0
           cargo update -p home --precise 0.5.9
       - name: cargo +${{ matrix.msrv }} check
         env:

Cargo.toml

@@ -15,20 +15,20 @@ categories = ["database-implementations"]
 rust-version = "1.91.0"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-lance = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", default-features = false, "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-core = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-datagen = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-file = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-io = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", default-features = false, "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-index = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-linalg = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-namespace = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-namespace-impls = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", default-features = false, "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-table = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-testing = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-encoding = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-arrow = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance = { "version" = "=4.0.0-rc.3", default-features = false, "tag" = "v4.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-core = { "version" = "=4.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v4.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-datagen = { "version" = "=4.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v4.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-file = { "version" = "=4.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v4.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-io = { "version" = "=4.0.0-rc.3", default-features = false, "tag" = "v4.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-index = { "version" = "=4.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v4.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-linalg = { "version" = "=4.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v4.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace = { "version" = "=4.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v4.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace-impls = { "version" = "=4.0.0-rc.3", default-features = false, "tag" = "v4.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-table = { "version" = "=4.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v4.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-testing = { "version" = "=4.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v4.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=4.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v4.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-encoding = { "version" = "=4.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v4.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-arrow = { "version" = "=4.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v4.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
 ahash = "0.8"
 # Note that this one does not include pyarrow
 arrow = { version = "57.2", optional = false }

ci/check_lance_release.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
+import functools
 import json
 import os
 import re
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ SEMVER_RE = re.compile(
 )
 
 
+@functools.total_ordering
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class SemVer:
     major: int
@@ -156,7 +158,9 @@ def read_current_version(repo_root: Path) -> str:
 
 
 def determine_latest_tag(tags: Iterable[TagInfo]) -> TagInfo:
-    return max(tags, key=lambda tag: tag.semver)
+    # Stable releases (no prerelease) are always preferred over pre-releases.
+    # Within each group, standard semver ordering applies.
+    return max(tags, key=lambda tag: (not tag.semver.prerelease, tag.semver))
 
 
 def write_outputs(args: argparse.Namespace, payload: dict) -> None:

docker-compose.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 version: "3.9"
 services:
   localstack:
-    image: localstack/localstack:3.3
+    image: localstack/localstack:4.0
     ports:
       - 4566:4566
     environment:

dockerfiles/Dockerfile

@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
-#Simple base dockerfile that supports basic dependencies required to run lance with FTS and Hybrid Search
-#Usage docker build -t lancedb:latest -f Dockerfile .
-FROM python:3.10-slim-buster
+# Simple base dockerfile that supports basic dependencies required to run lance with FTS and Hybrid Search
+# Usage: docker build -t lancedb:latest -f Dockerfile .
+FROM python:3.12-slim-bookworm
 
-# Install Rust
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl build-essential && \
-  curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh -s -- -y
-
-# Set the environment variable for Rust
-ENV PATH="/root/.cargo/bin:${PATH}"
-
-# Install protobuf compiler
-RUN apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler && \
+# Install build dependencies in a single layer
+RUN apt-get update && \
+  apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    curl \
+    build-essential \
+    protobuf-compiler \
+    git \
+    ca-certificates && \
   apt-get clean && \
   rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-RUN apt-get -y update &&\
-  apt-get -y upgrade && \
-  apt-get -y install git
+# Install Rust (pinned installer, non-interactive)
+RUN curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain stable --profile minimal
 
+# Set the environment variable for Rust
+ENV PATH="/root/.cargo/bin:${PATH}"
 
 # Verify installations
 RUN python --version && \
   rustc --version && \
   protoc --version
 
-RUN pip install tantivy lancedb
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir tantivy lancedb

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-mkdocs==1.5.3
+mkdocs==1.6.1
 mkdocs-jupyter==0.24.1
-mkdocs-material==9.5.3
-mkdocs-autorefs<=1.0
-mkdocstrings[python]==0.25.2
-griffe
-mkdocs-render-swagger-plugin
-pydantic
-mkdocs-redirects
+mkdocs-material==9.6.23
+mkdocs-autorefs>=0.5,<=1.0
+mkdocstrings[python]>=0.24,<1.0
+griffe>=0.40,<1.0
+mkdocs-render-swagger-plugin>=0.1.0
+pydantic>=2.0,<3.0
+mkdocs-redirects>=1.2.0

docs/src/java/java.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Add the following dependency to your `pom.xml`:
 <dependency>
     <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
     <artifactId>lancedb-core</artifactId>
-    <version>0.27.0-beta.4</version>
+    <version>0.27.2-beta.1</version>
 </dependency>
 ```
 

docs/src/js/classes/Table.md

@@ -71,11 +71,12 @@ Add new columns with defined values.
 
 #### Parameters
 
-* **newColumnTransforms**: [`AddColumnsSql`](../interfaces/AddColumnsSql.md)[]
-    pairs of column names and
-    the SQL expression to use to calculate the value of the new column. These
-    expressions will be evaluated for each row in the table, and can
-    reference existing columns in the table.
+* **newColumnTransforms**: `Field`<`any`> \| `Field`<`any`>[] \| `Schema`<`any`> \| [`AddColumnsSql`](../interfaces/AddColumnsSql.md)[]
+    Either:
+    - An array of objects with column names and SQL expressions to calculate values
+    - A single Arrow Field defining one column with its data type (column will be initialized with null values)
+    - An array of Arrow Fields defining columns with their data types (columns will be initialized with null values)
+    - An Arrow Schema defining columns with their data types (columns will be initialized with null values)
 
 #### Returns
 
@@ -484,19 +485,7 @@ Modeled after ``VACUUM`` in PostgreSQL.
  - Prune: Removes old versions of the dataset
  - Index: Optimizes the indices, adding new data to existing indices
 
- Experimental API
- ----------------
-
- The optimization process is undergoing active development and may change.
- Our goal with these changes is to improve the performance of optimization and
- reduce the complexity.
-
- That being said, it is essential today to run optimize if you want the best
- performance.  It should be stable and safe to use in production, but it our
- hope that the API may be simplified (or not even need to be called) in the
- future.
-
- The frequency an application shoudl call optimize is based on the frequency of
+ The frequency an application should call optimize is based on the frequency of
  data modifications.  If data is frequently added, deleted, or updated then
  optimize should be run frequently.  A good rule of thumb is to run optimize if
  you have added or modified 100,000 or more records or run more than 20 data

docs/src/js/interfaces/OptimizeOptions.md

@@ -37,3 +37,12 @@ tbl.optimize({cleanupOlderThan: new Date()});
 ```ts
 deleteUnverified: boolean;
 ```
+
+Because they may be part of an in-progress transaction, files newer than
+7 days old are not deleted by default. If you are sure that there are no
+in-progress transactions, then you can set this to true to delete all
+files older than `cleanupOlderThan`.
+
+**WARNING**: This should only be set to true if you can guarantee that
+no other process is currently working on this dataset. Otherwise the
+dataset could be put into a corrupted state.

java/lancedb-core/pom.xml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     <parent>
       <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
       <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-      <version>0.27.0-beta.4</version>
+      <version>0.27.2-beta.1</version>
       <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
 
@@ -56,21 +56,21 @@
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
             <artifactId>log4j-slf4j2-impl</artifactId>
-            <version>2.24.3</version>
+            <version>2.25.3</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
 
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
             <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
-            <version>2.24.3</version>
+            <version>2.25.3</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
 
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
             <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
-            <version>2.24.3</version>
+            <version>2.25.3</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>

java/pom.xml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
     <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
     <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-    <version>0.27.0-beta.4</version>
+    <version>0.27.2-beta.1</version>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
     <name>${project.artifactId}</name>
     <description>LanceDB Java SDK Parent POM</description>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     <properties>
         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
         <arrow.version>15.0.0</arrow.version>
-        <lance-core.version>3.1.0-beta.2</lance-core.version>
+        <lance-core.version>3.0.1</lance-core.version>
         <spotless.skip>false</spotless.skip>
         <spotless.version>2.30.0</spotless.version>
         <spotless.java.googlejavaformat.version>1.7</spotless.java.googlejavaformat.version>
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>2.2.1</version>
+                <version>3.3.1</version>
                 <executions>
                     <execution>
                         <id>attach-sources</id>
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>2.9.1</version>
+                <version>3.11.2</version>
                 <executions>
                     <execution>
                         <id>attach-javadocs</id>
@@ -178,15 +178,15 @@
             <plugins>
                 <plugin>
                     <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.1.0</version>
+                    <version>3.4.1</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.0.2</version>
+                    <version>3.3.1</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.8.1</version>
+                    <version>3.14.0</version>
                     <configuration>
                         <compilerArgs>
                             <arg>-h</arg>
@@ -205,11 +205,11 @@
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.0.2</version>
+                    <version>3.4.2</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>2.5.2</version>
+                    <version>3.1.3</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>com.diffplug.spotless</groupId>
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@
                     <plugin>
                         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                         <artifactId>maven-gpg-plugin</artifactId>
-                        <version>1.5</version>
+                        <version>3.2.7</version>
                         <executions>
                             <execution>
                                 <id>sign-artifacts</id>

nodejs/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-nodejs"
 edition.workspace = true
-version = "0.27.0-beta.4"
+version = "0.27.2-beta.1"
 license.workspace = true
 description.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ napi = { version = "3.8.3", default-features = false, features = [
 ] }
 napi-derive = "3.5.2"
 # Prevent dynamic linking of lzma, which comes from datafusion
-lzma-sys = { version = "*", features = ["static"] }
+lzma-sys = { version = "0.1", features = ["static"] }
 log.workspace = true
 
-# Workaround for build failure until we can fix it.
-aws-lc-sys = "=0.28.0"
-aws-lc-rs = "=1.13.0"
+# Pin to resolve build failures; update periodically for security patches.
+aws-lc-sys = "=0.38.0"
+aws-lc-rs = "=1.16.1"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 napi-build = "2.3.1"

nodejs/__test__/table.test.ts

@@ -1259,6 +1259,98 @@ describe("schema evolution", function () {
     expect(await table.schema()).toEqual(expectedSchema);
   });
 
+  it("can add columns with schema for explicit data types", async function () {
+    const con = await connect(tmpDir.name);
+    const table = await con.createTable("vectors", [
+      { id: 1n, vector: [0.1, 0.2] },
+    ]);
+
+    // Define schema for new columns with explicit data types
+    // Note: All columns must be nullable when using addColumns with Schema
+    // because they are initially populated with null values
+    const newColumnsSchema = new Schema([
+      new Field("price", new Float64(), true),
+      new Field("category", new Utf8(), true),
+      new Field("rating", new Int32(), true),
+    ]);
+
+    const result = await table.addColumns(newColumnsSchema);
+    expect(result).toHaveProperty("version");
+    expect(result.version).toBe(2);
+
+    const expectedSchema = new Schema([
+      new Field("id", new Int64(), true),
+      new Field(
+        "vector",
+        new FixedSizeList(2, new Field("item", new Float32(), true)),
+        true,
+      ),
+      new Field("price", new Float64(), true),
+      new Field("category", new Utf8(), true),
+      new Field("rating", new Int32(), true),
+    ]);
+    expect(await table.schema()).toEqual(expectedSchema);
+
+    // Verify that new columns are populated with null values
+    const results = await table.query().toArray();
+    expect(results).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(results[0].price).toBeNull();
+    expect(results[0].category).toBeNull();
+    expect(results[0].rating).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("can add a single column using Field", async function () {
+    const con = await connect(tmpDir.name);
+    const table = await con.createTable("vectors", [
+      { id: 1n, vector: [0.1, 0.2] },
+    ]);
+
+    // Add a single field
+    const priceField = new Field("price", new Float64(), true);
+    const result = await table.addColumns(priceField);
+    expect(result).toHaveProperty("version");
+    expect(result.version).toBe(2);
+
+    const expectedSchema = new Schema([
+      new Field("id", new Int64(), true),
+      new Field(
+        "vector",
+        new FixedSizeList(2, new Field("item", new Float32(), true)),
+        true,
+      ),
+      new Field("price", new Float64(), true),
+    ]);
+    expect(await table.schema()).toEqual(expectedSchema);
+  });
+
+  it("can add multiple columns using array of Fields", async function () {
+    const con = await connect(tmpDir.name);
+    const table = await con.createTable("vectors", [
+      { id: 1n, vector: [0.1, 0.2] },
+    ]);
+
+    // Add multiple fields as array
+    const fields = [
+      new Field("price", new Float64(), true),
+      new Field("category", new Utf8(), true),
+    ];
+    const result = await table.addColumns(fields);
+    expect(result).toHaveProperty("version");
+    expect(result.version).toBe(2);
+
+    const expectedSchema = new Schema([
+      new Field("id", new Int64(), true),
+      new Field(
+        "vector",
+        new FixedSizeList(2, new Field("item", new Float32(), true)),
+        true,
+      ),
+      new Field("price", new Float64(), true),
+      new Field("category", new Utf8(), true),
+    ]);
+    expect(await table.schema()).toEqual(expectedSchema);
+  });
+
   it("can alter the columns in the schema", async function () {
     const con = await connect(tmpDir.name);
     const schema = new Schema([

nodejs/examples/package-lock.json

@@ -30,12 +30,15 @@
         "x64",
         "arm64"
       ],
+      "dev": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "darwin",
         "linux",
         "win32"
       ],
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "reflect-metadata": "^0.2.2"
       },
@@ -91,14 +94,15 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/code-frame": {
-      "version": "7.26.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.26.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-RJlIHRueQgwWitWgF8OdFYGZX328Ax5BCemNGlqHfplnRT9ESi8JkFlvaVYbS+UubVY6dpv87Fs2u5M29iNFVQ==",
+      "version": "7.29.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.29.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-9NhCeYjq9+3uxgdtp20LSiJXJvN0FeCtNGpJxuMFZ1Kv3cWUNb6DOhJwUvcVCzKGR66cw4njwM6hrJLqgOwbcw==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.25.9",
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.28.5",
         "js-tokens": "^4.0.0",
-        "picocolors": "^1.0.0"
+        "picocolors": "^1.1.1"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -233,19 +237,21 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-string-parser": {
-      "version": "7.25.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.25.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-4A/SCr/2KLd5jrtOMFzaKjVtAei3+2r/NChoBNoZ3EyP/+GlhoaEGoWOZUmFmoITP7zOJyHIMm+DYRd8o3PvHA==",
+      "version": "7.27.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.27.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-qMlSxKbpRlAridDExk92nSobyDdpPijUq2DW6oDnUqd0iOGxmQjyqhMIihI9+zv4LPyZdRje2cavWPbCbWm3eA==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-validator-identifier": {
-      "version": "7.25.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-validator-identifier/-/helper-validator-identifier-7.25.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Ed61U6XJc3CVRfkERJWDz4dJwKe7iLmmJsbOGu9wSloNSFttHV0I8g6UAgb7qnK5ly5bGLPd4oXZlxCdANBOWQ==",
+      "version": "7.28.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-validator-identifier/-/helper-validator-identifier-7.28.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-qSs4ifwzKJSV39ucNjsvc6WVHs6b7S03sOh2OcHF9UHfVPqWWALUsNUVzhSBiItjRZoLHx7nIarVjqKVusUZ1Q==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
@@ -260,25 +266,27 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helpers": {
-      "version": "7.26.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helpers/-/helpers-7.26.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-tbhNuIxNcVb21pInl3ZSjksLCvgdZy9KwJ8brv993QtIVKJBBkYXz4q4ZbAv31GdnC+R90np23L5FbEBlthAEw==",
+      "version": "7.28.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helpers/-/helpers-7.28.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-xOBvwq86HHdB7WUDTfKfT/Vuxh7gElQ+Sfti2Cy6yIWNW05P8iUslOVcZ4/sKbE+/jQaukQAdz/gf3724kYdqw==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/template": "^7.25.9",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.26.0"
+        "@babel/template": "^7.28.6",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.28.6"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/parser": {
-      "version": "7.26.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/parser/-/parser-7.26.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-DWMCZH9WA4Maitz2q21SRKHo9QXZxkDsbNZoVD62gusNtNBBqDg9i7uOhASfTfIGNzW+O+r7+jAlM8dwphcJKQ==",
+      "version": "7.29.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/parser/-/parser-7.29.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-IyDgFV5GeDUVX4YdF/3CPULtVGSXXMLh1xVIgdCgxApktqnQV0r7/8Nqthg+8YLGaAtdyIlo2qIdZrbCv4+7ww==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/types": "^7.26.0"
+        "@babel/types": "^7.29.0"
       },
       "bin": {
         "parser": "bin/babel-parser.js"
@@ -510,14 +518,15 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/template": {
-      "version": "7.25.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/template/-/template-7.25.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-9DGttpmPvIxBb/2uwpVo3dqJ+O6RooAFOS+lB+xDqoE2PVCE8nfoHMdZLpfCQRLwvohzXISPZcgxt80xLfsuwg==",
+      "version": "7.28.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/template/-/template-7.28.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-YA6Ma2KsCdGb+WC6UpBVFJGXL58MDA6oyONbjyF/+5sBgxY/dwkhLogbMT2GXXyU84/IhRw/2D1Os1B/giz+BQ==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.25.9",
-        "@babel/parser": "^7.25.9",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.25.9"
+        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.28.6",
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.28.6",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.28.6"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -542,13 +551,14 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/types": {
-      "version": "7.26.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/types/-/types-7.26.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Z/yiTPj+lDVnF7lWeKCIJzaIkI0vYO87dMpZ4bg4TDrFe4XXLFWL1TbXU27gBP3QccxV9mZICCrnjnYlJjXHOA==",
+      "version": "7.29.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/types/-/types-7.29.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-LwdZHpScM4Qz8Xw2iKSzS+cfglZzJGvofQICy7W7v4caru4EaAmyUuO6BGrbyQ2mYV11W0U8j5mBhd14dd3B0A==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/helper-string-parser": "^7.25.9",
-        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.25.9"
+        "@babel/helper-string-parser": "^7.27.1",
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.28.5"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -1151,95 +1161,6 @@
         "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@isaacs/cliui": {
-      "version": "8.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@isaacs/cliui/-/cliui-8.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-O8jcjabXaleOG9DQ0+ARXWZBTfnP4WNAqzuiJK7ll44AmxGKv/J2M4TPjxjY3znBCfvBXFzucm1twdyFybFqEA==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "string-width": "^5.1.2",
-        "string-width-cjs": "npm:string-width@^4.2.0",
-        "strip-ansi": "^7.0.1",
-        "strip-ansi-cjs": "npm:strip-ansi@^6.0.1",
-        "wrap-ansi": "^8.1.0",
-        "wrap-ansi-cjs": "npm:wrap-ansi@^7.0.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=12"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@isaacs/cliui/node_modules/ansi-regex": {
-      "version": "6.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-regex/-/ansi-regex-6.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-7HSX4QQb4CspciLpVFwyRe79O3xsIZDDLER21kERQ71oaPodF8jL725AgJMFAYbooIqolJoRLuM81SpeUkpkvA==",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=12"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/chalk/ansi-regex?sponsor=1"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@isaacs/cliui/node_modules/ansi-styles": {
-      "version": "6.2.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-styles/-/ansi-styles-6.2.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-bN798gFfQX+viw3R7yrGWRqnrN2oRkEkUjjl4JNn4E8GxxbjtG3FbrEIIY3l8/hrwUwIeCZvi4QuOTP4MErVug==",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=12"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/chalk/ansi-styles?sponsor=1"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@isaacs/cliui/node_modules/emoji-regex": {
-      "version": "9.2.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/emoji-regex/-/emoji-regex-9.2.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-L18DaJsXSUk2+42pv8mLs5jJT2hqFkFE4j21wOmgbUqsZ2hL72NsUU785g9RXgo3s0ZNgVl42TiHp3ZtOv/Vyg=="
-    },
-    "node_modules/@isaacs/cliui/node_modules/string-width": {
-      "version": "5.1.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string-width/-/string-width-5.1.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-HnLOCR3vjcY8beoNLtcjZ5/nxn2afmME6lhrDrebokqMap+XbeW8n9TXpPDOqdGK5qcI3oT0GKTW6wC7EMiVqA==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "eastasianwidth": "^0.2.0",
-        "emoji-regex": "^9.2.2",
-        "strip-ansi": "^7.0.1"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=12"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@isaacs/cliui/node_modules/strip-ansi": {
-      "version": "7.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-7.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-iq6eVVI64nQQTRYq2KtEg2d2uU7LElhTJwsH4YzIHZshxlgZms/wIc4VoDQTlG/IvVIrBKG06CrZnp0qv7hkcQ==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "ansi-regex": "^6.0.1"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=12"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/chalk/strip-ansi?sponsor=1"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@isaacs/cliui/node_modules/wrap-ansi": {
-      "version": "8.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wrap-ansi/-/wrap-ansi-8.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-si7QWI6zUMq56bESFvagtmzMdGOtoxfR+Sez11Mobfc7tm+VkUckk9bW2UeffTGVUbOksxmSw0AA2gs8g71NCQ==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "ansi-styles": "^6.1.0",
-        "string-width": "^5.0.1",
-        "strip-ansi": "^7.0.1"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=12"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/chalk/wrap-ansi?sponsor=1"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/@isaacs/fs-minipass": {
       "version": "4.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@isaacs/fs-minipass/-/fs-minipass-4.0.1.tgz",
@@ -1606,15 +1527,6 @@
       "resolved": "../dist",
       "link": true
     },
-    "node_modules/@pkgjs/parseargs": {
-      "version": "0.11.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@pkgjs/parseargs/-/parseargs-0.11.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-+1VkjdD0QBLPodGrJUeqarH8VAIvQODIbwh9XpP5Syisf7YoQgsJKPNFoqqLQlu+VQ/tVSshMR6loPMn8U+dPg==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=14"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/@protobufjs/aspromise": {
       "version": "1.1.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@protobufjs/aspromise/-/aspromise-1.1.2.tgz",
@@ -1846,6 +1758,7 @@
       "version": "5.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-regex/-/ansi-regex-5.0.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-quJQXlTSUGL2LH9SUXo8VwsY4soanhgo6LNSm84E1LBcE8s3O0wpdiRzyR9z/ZZJMlMWv37qOOb9pdJlMUEKFQ==",
+      "dev": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=8"
       }
@@ -1854,6 +1767,7 @@
       "version": "4.3.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-styles/-/ansi-styles-4.3.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-zbB9rCJAT1rbjiVDb2hqKFHNYLxgtk8NURxZ3IZwD3F6NtxbXZQCnnSi1Lkx+IDohdPlFp222wVALIheZJQSEg==",
+      "dev": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "color-convert": "^2.0.1"
       },
@@ -2019,13 +1933,15 @@
     "node_modules/balanced-match": {
       "version": "1.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/balanced-match/-/balanced-match-1.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-3oSeUO0TMV67hN1AmbXsK4yaqU7tjiHlbxRDZOpH0KW9+CeX4bRAaX0Anxt0tx2MrpRpWwQaPwIlISEJhYU5Pw=="
+      "integrity": "sha512-3oSeUO0TMV67hN1AmbXsK4yaqU7tjiHlbxRDZOpH0KW9+CeX4bRAaX0Anxt0tx2MrpRpWwQaPwIlISEJhYU5Pw==",
+      "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/brace-expansion": {
-      "version": "1.1.11",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.11.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-iCuPHDFgrHX7H2vEI/5xpz07zSHB00TpugqhmYtVmMO6518mCuRMoOYFldEBl0g187ufozdaHgWKcYFb61qGiA==",
+      "version": "1.1.12",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.12.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-9T9UjW3r0UW5c1Q7GTwllptXwhvYmEzFhzMfZ9H7FQWt+uZePjZPjBP/W1ZEyZ1twGWom5/56TF4lPcqjnDHcg==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "balanced-match": "^1.0.0",
         "concat-map": "0.0.1"
@@ -2102,6 +2018,19 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-E+XQCRwSbaaiChtv6k6Dwgc+bx+Bs6vuKJHHl5kox/BaKbhiXzqQOwK4cO22yElGp2OCmjwVhT3HmxgyPGnJfQ==",
       "dev": true
     },
+    "node_modules/call-bind-apply-helpers": {
+      "version": "1.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/call-bind-apply-helpers/-/call-bind-apply-helpers-1.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Sp1ablJ0ivDkSzjcaJdxEunN5/XvksFJ2sMBFfq6x0ryhQV/2b/KwFe21cMpmHtPOSij8K99/wSfoEuTObmuMQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "es-errors": "^1.3.0",
+        "function-bind": "^1.1.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.4"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/callsites": {
       "version": "3.1.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/callsites/-/callsites-3.1.0.tgz",
@@ -2298,9 +2227,11 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/cross-spawn": {
-      "version": "7.0.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-iRDPJKUPVEND7dHPO8rkbOnPpyDygcDFtWjpeWNCgy8WP2rXcxXL8TskReQl6OrB2G7+UJrags1q15Fudc7G6w==",
+      "version": "7.0.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-uV2QOWP2nWzsy2aMp8aRibhi9dlzF5Hgh5SHaB9OiTGEyDTiJJyx0uy51QXdyWbtAHNua4XJzUKca3OzKUd3vA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "path-key": "^3.1.0",
         "shebang-command": "^2.0.0",
@@ -2384,10 +2315,19 @@
         "node": "^14.15.0 || ^16.10.0 || >=18.0.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/eastasianwidth": {
-      "version": "0.2.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/eastasianwidth/-/eastasianwidth-0.2.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-I88TYZWc9XiYHRQ4/3c5rjjfgkjhLyW2luGIheGERbNQ6OY7yTybanSpDXZa8y7VUP9YmDcYa+eyq4ca7iLqWA=="
+    "node_modules/dunder-proto": {
+      "version": "1.0.1",
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-        "lru-cache": "^10.2.0",
-        "minipass": "^5.0.0 || ^6.0.2 || ^7.0.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=16 || 14 >=14.18"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/isaacs"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/path-scurry/node_modules/lru-cache": {
-      "version": "10.4.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lru-cache/-/lru-cache-10.4.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-JNAzZcXrCt42VGLuYz0zfAzDfAvJWW6AfYlDBQyDV5DClI2m5sAmK+OIO7s59XfsRsWHp02jAJrRadPRGTt6SQ=="
-    },
     "node_modules/picocolors": {
       "version": "1.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picocolors/-/picocolors-1.1.1.tgz",
@@ -4246,61 +4246,6 @@
         "node": ">=10"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/rimraf": {
-      "version": "5.0.10",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rimraf/-/rimraf-5.0.10.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-l0OE8wL34P4nJH/H2ffoaniAokM2qSmrtXHmlpvYr5AVVX8msAyW0l8NVJFDxlSK4u3Uh/f41cQheDVdnYijwQ==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "glob": "^10.3.7"
-      },
-      "bin": {
-        "rimraf": "dist/esm/bin.mjs"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/isaacs"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/rimraf/node_modules/brace-expansion": {
-      "version": "2.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-2.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-XnAIvQ8eM+kC6aULx6wuQiwVsnzsi9d3WxzV3FpWTGA19F621kwdbsAcFKXgKUHZWsy+mY6iL1sHTxWEFCytDA==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "balanced-match": "^1.0.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/rimraf/node_modules/glob": {
-      "version": "10.4.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/glob/-/glob-10.4.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-7Bv8RF0k6xjo7d4A/PxYLbUCfb6c+Vpd2/mB2yRDlew7Jb5hEXiCD9ibfO7wpk8i4sevK6DFny9h7EYbM3/sHg==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "foreground-child": "^3.1.0",
-        "jackspeak": "^3.1.2",
-        "minimatch": "^9.0.4",
-        "minipass": "^7.1.2",
-        "package-json-from-dist": "^1.0.0",
-        "path-scurry": "^1.11.1"
-      },
-      "bin": {
-        "glob": "dist/esm/bin.mjs"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/isaacs"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/rimraf/node_modules/minimatch": {
-      "version": "9.0.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-9.0.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-G6T0ZX48xgozx7587koeX9Ys2NYy6Gmv//P89sEte9V9whIapMNF4idKxnW2QtCcLiTWlb/wfCabAtAFWhhBow==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "brace-expansion": "^2.0.1"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=16 || 14 >=14.17"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/isaacs"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/semver": {
       "version": "7.6.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.6.3.tgz",
@@ -4354,6 +4299,7 @@
       "version": "2.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/shebang-command/-/shebang-command-2.0.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-kHxr2zZpYtdmrN1qDjrrX/Z1rR1kG8Dx+gkpK1G4eXmvXswmcE1hTWBWYUzlraYw1/yZp6YuDY77YtvbN0dmDA==",
+      "dev": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "shebang-regex": "^3.0.0"
       },
@@ -4365,6 +4311,7 @@
       "version": "3.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/shebang-regex/-/shebang-regex-3.0.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-7++dFhtcx3353uBaq8DDR4NuxBetBzC7ZQOhmTQInHEd6bSrXdiEyzCvG07Z44UYdLShWUyXt5M/yhz8ekcb1A==",
+      "dev": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=8"
       }
@@ -4452,20 +4399,7 @@
       "version": "4.2.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string-width/-/string-width-4.2.3.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-wKyQRQpjJ0sIp62ErSZdGsjMJWsap5oRNihHhu6G7JVO/9jIB6UyevL+tXuOqrng8j/cxKTWyWUwvSTriiZz/g==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "emoji-regex": "^8.0.0",
-        "is-fullwidth-code-point": "^3.0.0",
-        "strip-ansi": "^6.0.1"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=8"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/string-width-cjs": {
-      "name": "string-width",
-      "version": "4.2.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string-width/-/string-width-4.2.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-wKyQRQpjJ0sIp62ErSZdGsjMJWsap5oRNihHhu6G7JVO/9jIB6UyevL+tXuOqrng8j/cxKTWyWUwvSTriiZz/g==",
+      "dev": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "emoji-regex": "^8.0.0",
         "is-fullwidth-code-point": "^3.0.0",
@@ -4479,18 +4413,7 @@
       "version": "6.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-6.0.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Y38VPSHcqkFrCpFnQ9vuSXmquuv5oXOKpGeT6aGrr3o3Gc9AlVa6JBfUSOCnbxGGZF+/0ooI7KrPuUSztUdU5A==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "ansi-regex": "^5.0.1"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=8"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/strip-ansi-cjs": {
-      "name": "strip-ansi",
-      "version": "6.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-6.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Y38VPSHcqkFrCpFnQ9vuSXmquuv5oXOKpGeT6aGrr3o3Gc9AlVa6JBfUSOCnbxGGZF+/0ooI7KrPuUSztUdU5A==",
+      "dev": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "ansi-regex": "^5.0.1"
       },
@@ -4541,15 +4464,15 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/tar": {
-      "version": "7.4.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tar/-/tar-7.4.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-5S7Va8hKfV7W5U6g3aYxXmlPoZVAwUMy9AOKyF2fVuZa2UD3qZjg578OrLRt8PcNN1PleVaL/5/yYATNL0ICUw==",
+      "version": "7.5.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tar/-/tar-7.5.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-8mOPs1//5q/rlkNSPcCegA6hiHJYDmSLEI8aMH/CdSQJNWztHC9WHNam5zdQlfpTwB9Xp7IBEsHfV5LKMJGVAw==",
+      "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@isaacs/fs-minipass": "^4.0.0",
         "chownr": "^3.0.0",
         "minipass": "^7.1.2",
-        "minizlib": "^3.0.1",
-        "mkdirp": "^3.0.1",
+        "minizlib": "^3.1.0",
         "yallist": "^5.0.0"
       },
       "engines": {
@@ -4782,6 +4705,7 @@
       "version": "2.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/which/-/which-2.0.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-BLI3Tl1TW3Pvl70l3yq3Y64i+awpwXqsGBYWkkqMtnbXgrMD+yj7rhW0kuEDxzJaYXGjEW5ogapKNMEKNMjibA==",
+      "dev": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "isexe": "^2.0.0"
       },
@@ -4809,23 +4733,6 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/chalk/wrap-ansi?sponsor=1"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/wrap-ansi-cjs": {
-      "name": "wrap-ansi",
-      "version": "7.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wrap-ansi/-/wrap-ansi-7.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-YVGIj2kamLSTxw6NsZjoBxfSwsn0ycdesmc4p+Q21c5zPuZ1pl+NfxVdxPtdHvmNVOQ6XSYG4AUtyt/Fi7D16Q==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "ansi-styles": "^4.0.0",
-        "string-width": "^4.1.0",
-        "strip-ansi": "^6.0.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=10"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/chalk/wrap-ansi?sponsor=1"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/wrappy": {
       "version": "1.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wrappy/-/wrappy-1.0.2.tgz",

nodejs/lancedb/table.ts

@@ -5,12 +5,15 @@ import {
   Table as ArrowTable,
   Data,
   DataType,
+  Field,
   IntoVector,
   MultiVector,
   Schema,
   dataTypeToJson,
   fromDataToBuffer,
+  fromTableToBuffer,
   isMultiVector,
+  makeEmptyTable,
   tableFromIPC,
 } from "./arrow";
 
@@ -84,6 +87,16 @@ export interface OptimizeOptions {
    * tbl.optimize({cleanupOlderThan: new Date()});
    */
   cleanupOlderThan: Date;
+  /**
+   * Because they may be part of an in-progress transaction, files newer than
+   * 7 days old are not deleted by default. If you are sure that there are no
+   * in-progress transactions, then you can set this to true to delete all
+   * files older than `cleanupOlderThan`.
+   *
+   * **WARNING**: This should only be set to true if you can guarantee that
+   * no other process is currently working on this dataset. Otherwise the
+   * dataset could be put into a corrupted state.
+   */
   deleteUnverified: boolean;
 }
 
@@ -381,15 +394,16 @@ export abstract class Table {
   abstract vectorSearch(vector: IntoVector | MultiVector): VectorQuery;
   /**
    * Add new columns with defined values.
-   * @param {AddColumnsSql[]} newColumnTransforms pairs of column names and
-   * the SQL expression to use to calculate the value of the new column. These
-   * expressions will be evaluated for each row in the table, and can
-   * reference existing columns in the table.
+   * @param {AddColumnsSql[] | Field | Field[] | Schema} newColumnTransforms Either:
+   *   - An array of objects with column names and SQL expressions to calculate values
+   *   - A single Arrow Field defining one column with its data type (column will be initialized with null values)
+   *   - An array of Arrow Fields defining columns with their data types (columns will be initialized with null values)
+   *   - An Arrow Schema defining columns with their data types (columns will be initialized with null values)
    * @returns {Promise<AddColumnsResult>} A promise that resolves to an object
    * containing the new version number of the table after adding the columns.
    */
   abstract addColumns(
-    newColumnTransforms: AddColumnsSql[],
+    newColumnTransforms: AddColumnsSql[] | Field | Field[] | Schema,
   ): Promise<AddColumnsResult>;
 
   /**
@@ -501,19 +515,7 @@ export abstract class Table {
    *  - Index: Optimizes the indices, adding new data to existing indices
    *
    *
-   *  Experimental API
-   *  ----------------
-   *
-   *  The optimization process is undergoing active development and may change.
-   *  Our goal with these changes is to improve the performance of optimization and
-   *  reduce the complexity.
-   *
-   *  That being said, it is essential today to run optimize if you want the best
-   *  performance.  It should be stable and safe to use in production, but it our
-   *  hope that the API may be simplified (or not even need to be called) in the
-   *  future.
-   *
-   *  The frequency an application shoudl call optimize is based on the frequency of
+   *  The frequency an application should call optimize is based on the frequency of
    *  data modifications.  If data is frequently added, deleted, or updated then
    *  optimize should be run frequently.  A good rule of thumb is to run optimize if
    *  you have added or modified 100,000 or more records or run more than 20 data
@@ -806,9 +808,40 @@ export class LocalTable extends Table {
   // TODO: Support BatchUDF
 
   async addColumns(
-    newColumnTransforms: AddColumnsSql[],
+    newColumnTransforms: AddColumnsSql[] | Field | Field[] | Schema,
   ): Promise<AddColumnsResult> {
-    return await this.inner.addColumns(newColumnTransforms);
+    // Handle single Field -> convert to array of Fields
+    if (newColumnTransforms instanceof Field) {
+      newColumnTransforms = [newColumnTransforms];
+    }
+
+    // Handle array of Fields -> convert to Schema
+    if (
+      Array.isArray(newColumnTransforms) &&
+      newColumnTransforms.length > 0 &&
+      newColumnTransforms[0] instanceof Field
+    ) {
+      const fields = newColumnTransforms as Field[];
+      newColumnTransforms = new Schema(fields);
+    }
+
+    // Handle Schema -> use schema-based approach
+    if (newColumnTransforms instanceof Schema) {
+      const schema = newColumnTransforms;
+      // Convert schema to buffer using Arrow IPC format
+      const emptyTable = makeEmptyTable(schema);
+      const schemaBuf = await fromTableToBuffer(emptyTable);
+      return await this.inner.addColumnsWithSchema(schemaBuf);
+    }
+
+    // Handle SQL expressions (existing functionality)
+    if (Array.isArray(newColumnTransforms)) {
+      return await this.inner.addColumns(
+        newColumnTransforms as AddColumnsSql[],
+      );
+    }
+
+    throw new Error("Invalid input type for addColumns");
   }
 
   async alterColumns(

nodejs/npm/darwin-arm64/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-darwin-arm64",
-	"version": "0.27.0-beta.4",
+	"version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
 	"os": ["darwin"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.darwin-arm64.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-gnu/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.27.0-beta.4",
+	"version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-gnu.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-musl/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-musl",
-	"version": "0.27.0-beta.4",
+	"version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-musl.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-x64-gnu/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.27.0-beta.4",
+	"version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-gnu.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-x64-musl/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-musl",
-	"version": "0.27.0-beta.4",
+	"version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-musl.node",

nodejs/npm/win32-arm64-msvc/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-arm64-msvc",
-  "version": "0.27.0-beta.4",
+  "version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
   "os": [
     "win32"
   ],

nodejs/npm/win32-x64-msvc/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-x64-msvc",
-	"version": "0.27.0-beta.4",
+	"version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
 	"os": ["win32"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.win32-x64-msvc.node",

nodejs/package.json

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     "ann"
   ],
   "private": false,
-  "version": "0.27.0-beta.4",
+  "version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
   "main": "dist/index.js",
   "exports": {
     ".": "./dist/index.js",

nodejs/src/table.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use lancedb::ipc::ipc_file_to_batches;
+use lancedb::ipc::{ipc_file_to_batches, ipc_file_to_schema};
 use lancedb::table::{
     AddDataMode, ColumnAlteration as LanceColumnAlteration, Duration, NewColumnTransform,
     OptimizeAction, OptimizeOptions, Table as LanceDbTable,
@@ -279,6 +279,23 @@ impl Table {
         Ok(res.into())
     }
 
+    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
+    pub async fn add_columns_with_schema(
+        &self,
+        schema_buf: Buffer,
+    ) -> napi::Result<AddColumnsResult> {
+        let schema = ipc_file_to_schema(schema_buf.to_vec())
+            .map_err(|e| napi::Error::from_reason(format!("Failed to read IPC schema: {}", e)))?;
+
+        let transforms = NewColumnTransform::AllNulls(schema);
+        let res = self
+            .inner_ref()?
+            .add_columns(transforms, None)
+            .await
+            .default_error()?;
+        Ok(res.into())
+    }
+
     #[napi(catch_unwind)]
     pub async fn alter_columns(
         &self,

python/.bumpversion.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tool.bumpversion]
-current_version = "0.30.0-beta.5"
+current_version = "0.30.2-beta.1"
 parse = """(?x)
     (?P<major>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
     (?P<minor>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.

python/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-python"
-version = "0.30.0-beta.5"
+version = "0.30.2-beta.1"
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "Python bindings for LanceDB"
 license.workspace = true
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ lance-namespace.workspace = true
 lance-namespace-impls.workspace = true
 lance-io.workspace = true
 env_logger.workspace = true
+log.workspace = true
 pyo3 = { version = "0.26", features = ["extension-module", "abi3-py39"] }
 pyo3-async-runtimes = { version = "0.26", features = [
     "attributes",

python/pyproject.toml

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ name = "lancedb"
 # version in Cargo.toml
 dynamic = ["version"]
 dependencies = [
-    "deprecation",
-    "numpy",
+    "deprecation>=2.1.0",
+    "numpy>=1.24.0",
     "overrides>=0.7; python_version<'3.12'",
-    "packaging",
+    "packaging>=23.0",
     "pyarrow>=16",
     "pydantic>=1.10",
     "tqdm>=4.27.0",
@@ -48,48 +48,48 @@ pylance = [
     "pylance>=4.0.0b7",
 ]
 tests = [
-    "aiohttp",
-    "boto3",
+    "aiohttp>=3.9.0",
+    "boto3>=1.28.57",
     "pandas>=1.4",
-    "pytest",
-    "pytest-mock",
-    "pytest-asyncio",
-    "duckdb",
-    "pytz",
+    "pytest>=7.0",
+    "pytest-mock>=3.10",
+    "pytest-asyncio>=0.21",
+    "duckdb>=0.9.0",
+    "pytz>=2023.3",
     "polars>=0.19, <=1.3.0",
-    "tantivy",
-    "pyarrow-stubs",
+    "tantivy>=0.20.0",
+    "pyarrow-stubs>=16.0",
     "pylance>=4.0.0b7",
-    "requests",
+    "requests>=2.31.0",
     "datafusion>=52,<53",
 ]
 dev = [
-    "ruff",
-    "pre-commit",
-    "pyright",
+    "ruff>=0.3.0",
+    "pre-commit>=3.5.0",
+    "pyright>=1.1.350",
     'typing-extensions>=4.0.0; python_version < "3.11"',
 ]
 docs = ["mkdocs", "mkdocs-jupyter", "mkdocs-material", "mkdocstrings-python"]
-clip = ["torch", "pillow", "open-clip-torch"]
-siglip = ["torch", "pillow", "transformers>=4.41.0","sentencepiece"]
+clip = ["torch", "pillow>=12.1.1", "open-clip-torch"]
+siglip = ["torch", "pillow>=12.1.1", "transformers>=4.41.0","sentencepiece"]
 embeddings = [
     "requests>=2.31.0",
     "openai>=1.6.1",
-    "sentence-transformers",
-    "torch",
-    "pillow",
-    "open-clip-torch",
-    "cohere",
+    "sentence-transformers>=2.2.0",
+    "torch>=2.0.0",
+    "pillow>=12.1.1",
+    "open-clip-torch>=2.20.0",
+    "cohere>=4.0",
     "colpali-engine>=0.3.10",
-    "huggingface_hub",
-    "InstructorEmbedding",
-    "google.generativeai",
+    "huggingface_hub>=0.19.0",
+    "InstructorEmbedding>=1.0.1",
+    "google.generativeai>=0.3.0",
     "boto3>=1.28.57",
-    "awscli>=1.29.57",
+    "awscli>=1.44.38",
     "botocore>=1.31.57",
     'ibm-watsonx-ai>=1.1.2; python_version >= "3.10"',
     "ollama>=0.3.0",
-    "sentencepiece"
+    "sentencepiece>=0.1.99"
 ]
 azure = ["adlfs>=2024.2.0"]
 

python/python/lancedb/_lancedb.pyi

@@ -135,7 +135,10 @@ class Table:
     def close(self) -> None: ...
     async def schema(self) -> pa.Schema: ...
     async def add(
-        self, data: pa.RecordBatchReader, mode: Literal["append", "overwrite"]
+        self,
+        data: pa.RecordBatchReader,
+        mode: Literal["append", "overwrite"],
+        progress: Optional[Any] = None,
     ) -> AddResult: ...
     async def update(
         self, updates: Dict[str, str], where: Optional[str]
@@ -166,6 +169,8 @@ class Table:
     async def checkout(self, version: Union[int, str]): ...
     async def checkout_latest(self): ...
     async def restore(self, version: Optional[Union[int, str]] = None): ...
+    async def prewarm_index(self, index_name: str) -> None: ...
+    async def prewarm_data(self, columns: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> None: ...
     async def list_indices(self) -> list[IndexConfig]: ...
     async def delete(self, filter: str) -> DeleteResult: ...
     async def add_columns(self, columns: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> AddColumnsResult: ...

python/python/lancedb/query.py

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def ensure_vector_query(
 ) -> Union[List[float], List[List[float]], pa.Array, List[pa.Array]]:
     if isinstance(val, list):
         if len(val) == 0:
-            return ValueError("Vector query must be a non-empty list")
+            raise ValueError("Vector query must be a non-empty list")
         sample = val[0]
     else:
         if isinstance(val, float):
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def ensure_vector_query(
         return val
     if isinstance(sample, list):
         if len(sample) == 0:
-            return ValueError("Vector query must be a non-empty list")
+            raise ValueError("Vector query must be a non-empty list")
         if isinstance(sample[0], float):
             # val is list of list of floats
             return val
@@ -2205,8 +2205,8 @@ class LanceHybridQueryBuilder(LanceQueryBuilder):
             self._vector_query.select(self._columns)
             self._fts_query.select(self._columns)
         if self._where:
-            self._vector_query.where(self._where, self._postfilter)
-            self._fts_query.where(self._where, self._postfilter)
+            self._vector_query.where(self._where, not self._postfilter)
+            self._fts_query.where(self._where, not self._postfilter)
         if self._with_row_id:
             self._vector_query.with_row_id(True)
             self._fts_query.with_row_id(True)

python/python/lancedb/remote/table.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 from datetime import timedelta
 import logging
 from functools import cached_property
-from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Union, Literal
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Union, Literal
 import warnings
 
 from lancedb._lancedb import (
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import pyarrow as pa
 from lancedb.common import DATA, VEC, VECTOR_COLUMN_NAME
 from lancedb.merge import LanceMergeInsertBuilder
 from lancedb.embeddings import EmbeddingFunctionRegistry
+from lancedb.table import _normalize_progress
 
 from ..query import LanceVectorQueryBuilder, LanceQueryBuilder, LanceTakeQueryBuilder
 from ..table import AsyncTable, IndexStatistics, Query, Table, Tags
@@ -308,6 +309,7 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
         mode: str = "append",
         on_bad_vectors: str = "error",
         fill_value: float = 0.0,
+        progress: Optional[Union[bool, Callable, Any]] = None,
     ) -> AddResult:
         """Add more data to the [Table](Table). It has the same API signature as
         the OSS version.
@@ -330,17 +332,29 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
             One of "error", "drop", "fill".
         fill_value: float, default 0.
             The value to use when filling vectors. Only used if on_bad_vectors="fill".
+        progress: bool, callable, or tqdm-like, optional
+            A callback or tqdm-compatible progress bar. See
+            :meth:`Table.add` for details.
 
         Returns
         -------
         AddResult
             An object containing the new version number of the table after adding data.
         """
-        return LOOP.run(
-            self._table.add(
-                data, mode=mode, on_bad_vectors=on_bad_vectors, fill_value=fill_value
+        progress, owns = _normalize_progress(progress)
+        try:
+            return LOOP.run(
+                self._table.add(
+                    data,
+                    mode=mode,
+                    on_bad_vectors=on_bad_vectors,
+                    fill_value=fill_value,
+                    progress=progress,
+                )
             )
-        )
+        finally:
+            if owns:
+                progress.close()
 
     def search(
         self,
@@ -640,6 +654,45 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
     def drop_index(self, index_name: str):
         return LOOP.run(self._table.drop_index(index_name))
 
+    def prewarm_index(self, name: str) -> None:
+        """Prewarm an index in the table.
+
+        This is a hint to the database that the index will be accessed in the
+        future and should be loaded into memory if possible.  This can reduce
+        cold-start latency for subsequent queries.
+
+        This call initiates prewarming and returns once the request is accepted.
+        It is idempotent and safe to call from multiple clients concurrently.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        name: str
+            The name of the index to prewarm
+        """
+        return LOOP.run(self._table.prewarm_index(name))
+
+    def prewarm_data(self, columns: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> None:
+        """Prewarm data for the table.
+
+        This is a hint to the database that the given columns will be accessed
+        in the future and the database should prefetch the data if possible.
+        Currently only supported on remote tables.
+
+        This call initiates prewarming and returns once the request is accepted.
+        It is idempotent and safe to call from multiple clients concurrently.
+
+        This operation has a large upfront cost but can speed up future queries
+        that need to fetch the given columns.  Large columns such as embeddings
+        or binary data may not be practical to prewarm.  This feature is intended
+        for workloads that issue many queries against the same columns.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        columns: list of str, optional
+            The columns to prewarm. If None, all columns are prewarmed.
+        """
+        return LOOP.run(self._table.prewarm_data(columns))
+
     def wait_for_index(
         self, index_names: Iterable[str], timeout: timedelta = timedelta(seconds=300)
     ):

python/python/lancedb/table.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from functools import cached_property
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
+    Callable,
     Dict,
     Iterable,
     List,
@@ -556,6 +557,21 @@ def _table_uri(base: str, table_name: str) -> str:
     return join_uri(base, f"{table_name}.lance")
 
 
+def _normalize_progress(progress):
+    """Normalize a ``progress`` parameter for :meth:`Table.add`.
+
+    Returns ``(progress_obj, owns)`` where *owns* is True when we created a
+    tqdm bar that the caller must close.
+    """
+    if progress is True:
+        from tqdm.auto import tqdm
+
+        return tqdm(unit=" rows"), True
+    if progress is False or progress is None:
+        return None, False
+    return progress, False
+
+
 class Table(ABC):
     """
     A Table is a collection of Records in a LanceDB Database.
@@ -974,6 +990,7 @@ class Table(ABC):
         mode: AddMode = "append",
         on_bad_vectors: OnBadVectorsType = "error",
         fill_value: float = 0.0,
+        progress: Optional[Union[bool, Callable, Any]] = None,
     ) -> AddResult:
         """Add more data to the [Table](Table).
 
@@ -995,6 +1012,29 @@ class Table(ABC):
             One of "error", "drop", "fill".
         fill_value: float, default 0.
             The value to use when filling vectors. Only used if on_bad_vectors="fill".
+        progress: bool, callable, or tqdm-like, optional
+            Progress reporting during the add operation. Can be:
+
+            - ``True`` to automatically create and display a tqdm progress
+              bar (requires ``tqdm`` to be installed)::
+
+                table.add(data, progress=True)
+
+            - A **callable** that receives a dict with keys ``output_rows``,
+              ``output_bytes``, ``total_rows``, ``elapsed_seconds``,
+              ``active_tasks``, ``total_tasks``, and ``done``::
+
+                def on_progress(p):
+                    print(f"{p['output_rows']}/{p['total_rows']} rows, "
+                          f"{p['active_tasks']}/{p['total_tasks']} workers")
+                table.add(data, progress=on_progress)
+
+            - A **tqdm-compatible** progress bar whose ``total`` and
+              ``update()`` will be called automatically. The postfix shows
+              write throughput (MB/s) and active worker count::
+
+                with tqdm() as pbar:
+                    table.add(data, progress=pbar)
 
         Returns
         -------
@@ -1506,22 +1546,17 @@ class Table(ABC):
             in-progress operation (e.g. appending new data) and these files will not
             be deleted unless they are at least 7 days old. If delete_unverified is True
             then these files will be deleted regardless of their age.
+
+            .. warning::
+
+                This should only be set to True if you can guarantee that no other
+                process is currently working on this dataset. Otherwise the dataset
+                could be put into a corrupted state.
+
         retrain: bool, default False
             This parameter is no longer used and is deprecated.
 
-        Experimental API
-        ----------------
-
-        The optimization process is undergoing active development and may change.
-        Our goal with these changes is to improve the performance of optimization and
-        reduce the complexity.
-
-        That being said, it is essential today to run optimize if you want the best
-        performance.  It should be stable and safe to use in production, but it our
-        hope that the API may be simplified (or not even need to be called) in the
-        future.
-
-        The frequency an application shoudl call optimize is based on the frequency of
+        The frequency an application should call optimize is based on the frequency of
         data modifications.  If data is frequently added, deleted, or updated then
         optimize should be run frequently.  A good rule of thumb is to run optimize if
         you have added or modified 100,000 or more records or run more than 20 data
@@ -2219,12 +2254,18 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
 
     def prewarm_index(self, name: str) -> None:
         """
-        Prewarms an index in the table
+        Prewarm an index in the table.
 
-        This loads the entire index into memory
+        This is a hint to the database that the index will be accessed in the
+        future and should be loaded into memory if possible.  This can reduce
+        cold-start latency for subsequent queries.
 
-        If the index does not fit into the available cache this call
-        may be wasteful
+        This call initiates prewarming and returns once the request is accepted.
+        It is idempotent and safe to call from multiple clients concurrently.
+
+        It is generally wasteful to call this if the index does not fit into the
+        available cache.  Not all index types support prewarming; unsupported
+        indices will silently ignore the request.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
@@ -2233,6 +2274,29 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
         """
         return LOOP.run(self._table.prewarm_index(name))
 
+    def prewarm_data(self, columns: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Prewarm data for the table.
+
+        This is a hint to the database that the given columns will be accessed
+        in the future and the database should prefetch the data if possible.
+        Currently only supported on remote tables.
+
+        This call initiates prewarming and returns once the request is accepted.
+        It is idempotent and safe to call from multiple clients concurrently.
+
+        This operation has a large upfront cost but can speed up future queries
+        that need to fetch the given columns.  Large columns such as embeddings
+        or binary data may not be practical to prewarm.  This feature is intended
+        for workloads that issue many queries against the same columns.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        columns: list of str, optional
+            The columns to prewarm. If None, all columns are prewarmed.
+        """
+        return LOOP.run(self._table.prewarm_data(columns))
+
     def wait_for_index(
         self, index_names: Iterable[str], timeout: timedelta = timedelta(seconds=300)
     ) -> None:
@@ -2468,6 +2532,7 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
         mode: AddMode = "append",
         on_bad_vectors: OnBadVectorsType = "error",
         fill_value: float = 0.0,
+        progress: Optional[Union[bool, Callable, Any]] = None,
     ) -> AddResult:
         """Add data to the table.
         If vector columns are missing and the table
@@ -2486,17 +2551,29 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
             One of "error", "drop", "fill", "null".
         fill_value: float, default 0.
             The value to use when filling vectors. Only used if on_bad_vectors="fill".
+        progress: bool, callable, or tqdm-like, optional
+            A callback or tqdm-compatible progress bar. See
+            :meth:`Table.add` for details.
 
         Returns
         -------
         int
             The number of vectors in the table.
         """
-        return LOOP.run(
-            self._table.add(
-                data, mode=mode, on_bad_vectors=on_bad_vectors, fill_value=fill_value
+        progress, owns = _normalize_progress(progress)
+        try:
+            return LOOP.run(
+                self._table.add(
+                    data,
+                    mode=mode,
+                    on_bad_vectors=on_bad_vectors,
+                    fill_value=fill_value,
+                    progress=progress,
+                )
             )
-        )
+        finally:
+            if owns:
+                progress.close()
 
     def merge(
         self,
@@ -3018,22 +3095,17 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
             in-progress operation (e.g. appending new data) and these files will not
             be deleted unless they are at least 7 days old. If delete_unverified is True
             then these files will be deleted regardless of their age.
+
+            .. warning::
+
+                This should only be set to True if you can guarantee that no other
+                process is currently working on this dataset. Otherwise the dataset
+                could be put into a corrupted state.
+
         retrain: bool, default False
             This parameter is no longer used and is deprecated.
 
-        Experimental API
-        ----------------
-
-        The optimization process is undergoing active development and may change.
-        Our goal with these changes is to improve the performance of optimization and
-        reduce the complexity.
-
-        That being said, it is essential today to run optimize if you want the best
-        performance.  It should be stable and safe to use in production, but it our
-        hope that the API may be simplified (or not even need to be called) in the
-        future.
-
-        The frequency an application shoudl call optimize is based on the frequency of
+        The frequency an application should call optimize is based on the frequency of
         data modifications.  If data is frequently added, deleted, or updated then
         optimize should be run frequently.  A good rule of thumb is to run optimize if
         you have added or modified 100,000 or more records or run more than 20 data
@@ -3634,19 +3706,47 @@ class AsyncTable:
         """
         Prewarm an index in the table.
 
+        This is a hint to the database that the index will be accessed in the
+        future and should be loaded into memory if possible.  This can reduce
+        cold-start latency for subsequent queries.
+
+        This call initiates prewarming and returns once the request is accepted.
+        It is idempotent and safe to call from multiple clients concurrently.
+
+        It is generally wasteful to call this if the index does not fit into the
+        available cache.  Not all index types support prewarming; unsupported
+        indices will silently ignore the request.
+
         Parameters
         ----------
         name: str
             The name of the index to prewarm
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        This will load the index into memory.  This may reduce the cold-start time for
-        future queries.  If the index does not fit in the cache then this call may be
-        wasteful.
         """
         await self._inner.prewarm_index(name)
 
+    async def prewarm_data(self, columns: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Prewarm data for the table.
+
+        This is a hint to the database that the given columns will be accessed
+        in the future and the database should prefetch the data if possible.
+        Currently only supported on remote tables.
+
+        This call initiates prewarming and returns once the request is accepted.
+        It is idempotent and safe to call from multiple clients concurrently.
+
+        This operation has a large upfront cost but can speed up future queries
+        that need to fetch the given columns.  Large columns such as embeddings
+        or binary data may not be practical to prewarm.  This feature is intended
+        for workloads that issue many queries against the same columns.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        columns: list of str, optional
+            The columns to prewarm. If None, all columns are prewarmed.
+        """
+        await self._inner.prewarm_data(columns)
+
     async def wait_for_index(
         self, index_names: Iterable[str], timeout: timedelta = timedelta(seconds=300)
     ) -> None:
@@ -3722,6 +3822,7 @@ class AsyncTable:
         mode: Optional[Literal["append", "overwrite"]] = "append",
         on_bad_vectors: Optional[OnBadVectorsType] = None,
         fill_value: Optional[float] = None,
+        progress: Optional[Union[bool, Callable, Any]] = None,
     ) -> AddResult:
         """Add more data to the [Table](Table).
 
@@ -3743,6 +3844,9 @@ class AsyncTable:
             One of "error", "drop", "fill", "null".
         fill_value: float, default 0.
             The value to use when filling vectors. Only used if on_bad_vectors="fill".
+        progress: callable or tqdm-like, optional
+            A callback or tqdm-compatible progress bar. See
+            :meth:`Table.add` for details.
 
         """
         schema = await self.schema()
@@ -3766,8 +3870,9 @@ class AsyncTable:
             )
         _register_optional_converters()
         data = to_scannable(data)
+        progress, owns = _normalize_progress(progress)
         try:
-            return await self._inner.add(data, mode or "append")
+            return await self._inner.add(data, mode or "append", progress=progress)
         except RuntimeError as e:
             if "Cast error" in str(e):
                 raise ValueError(e)
@@ -3775,6 +3880,9 @@ class AsyncTable:
                 raise ValueError(e)
             else:
                 raise
+        finally:
+            if owns:
+                progress.close()
 
     def merge_insert(self, on: Union[str, Iterable[str]]) -> LanceMergeInsertBuilder:
         """
@@ -4573,22 +4681,17 @@ class AsyncTable:
             in-progress operation (e.g. appending new data) and these files will not
             be deleted unless they are at least 7 days old. If delete_unverified is True
             then these files will be deleted regardless of their age.
+
+            .. warning::
+
+                This should only be set to True if you can guarantee that no other
+                process is currently working on this dataset. Otherwise the dataset
+                could be put into a corrupted state.
+
         retrain: bool, default False
             This parameter is no longer used and is deprecated.
 
-        Experimental API
-        ----------------
-
-        The optimization process is undergoing active development and may change.
-        Our goal with these changes is to improve the performance of optimization and
-        reduce the complexity.
-
-        That being said, it is essential today to run optimize if you want the best
-        performance.  It should be stable and safe to use in production, but it our
-        hope that the API may be simplified (or not even need to be called) in the
-        future.
-
-        The frequency an application shoudl call optimize is based on the frequency of
+        The frequency an application should call optimize is based on the frequency of
         data modifications.  If data is frequently added, deleted, or updated then
         optimize should be run frequently.  A good rule of thumb is to run optimize if
         you have added or modified 100,000 or more records or run more than 20 data
@@ -4709,7 +4812,16 @@ class IndexStatistics:
     num_indexed_rows: int
     num_unindexed_rows: int
     index_type: Literal[
-        "IVF_PQ", "IVF_HNSW_PQ", "IVF_HNSW_SQ", "FTS", "BTREE", "BITMAP", "LABEL_LIST"
+        "IVF_FLAT",
+        "IVF_SQ",
+        "IVF_PQ",
+        "IVF_RQ",
+        "IVF_HNSW_SQ",
+        "IVF_HNSW_PQ",
+        "FTS",
+        "BTREE",
+        "BITMAP",
+        "LABEL_LIST",
     ]
     distance_type: Optional[Literal["l2", "cosine", "dot"]] = None
     num_indices: Optional[int] = None

python/python/tests/test_hybrid_query.py

@@ -177,6 +177,60 @@ async def test_analyze_plan(table: AsyncTable):
     assert "metrics=" in res
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def table_with_id(tmpdir_factory) -> Table:
+    tmp_path = str(tmpdir_factory.mktemp("data"))
+    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
+    data = pa.table(
+        {
+            "id": pa.array([1, 2, 3, 4], type=pa.int64()),
+            "text": pa.array(["a", "b", "cat", "dog"]),
+            "vector": pa.array(
+                [[0.1, 0.1], [2, 2], [-0.1, -0.1], [0.5, -0.5]],
+                type=pa.list_(pa.float32(), list_size=2),
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    table = db.create_table("test_with_id", data)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=False, use_tantivy=False)
+    return table
+
+
+def test_hybrid_prefilter_explain_plan(table_with_id: Table):
+    """
+    Verify that the prefilter logic is not inverted in LanceHybridQueryBuilder.
+    """
+    plan_prefilter = (
+        table_with_id.search(query_type="hybrid")
+        .vector([0.0, 0.0])
+        .text("dog")
+        .where("id = 1", prefilter=True)
+        .limit(2)
+        .explain_plan(verbose=True)
+    )
+
+    plan_postfilter = (
+        table_with_id.search(query_type="hybrid")
+        .vector([0.0, 0.0])
+        .text("dog")
+        .where("id = 1", prefilter=False)
+        .limit(2)
+        .explain_plan(verbose=True)
+    )
+
+    # prefilter=True: filter is pushed into the LanceRead scan.
+    # The FTS sub-plan exposes this as "full_filter=id = Int64(1)" inside LanceRead.
+    assert "full_filter=id = Int64(1)" in plan_prefilter, (
+        f"Should push the filter into the scan.\nPlan:\n{plan_prefilter}"
+    )
+
+    # prefilter=False: filter is applied as a separate FilterExec after the search.
+    # The filter must NOT be embedded in the scan.
+    assert "full_filter=id = Int64(1)" not in plan_postfilter, (
+        f"Should NOT push the filter into the scan.\nPlan:\n{plan_postfilter}"
+    )
+
+
 def test_normalize_scores():
     cases = [
         (pa.array([0.1, 0.4]), pa.array([0.0, 1.0])),

python/python/tests/test_index.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 from datetime import timedelta
 import random
+from typing import get_args, get_type_hints
 
 import pyarrow as pa
 import pytest
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ from lancedb.index import (
     HnswSq,
     FTS,
 )
+from lancedb.table import IndexStatistics
 
 
 @pytest_asyncio.fixture
@@ -283,3 +285,23 @@ async def test_create_index_with_binary_vectors(binary_table: AsyncTable):
     for v in range(256):
         res = await binary_table.query().nearest_to([v] * 128).to_arrow()
         assert res["id"][0].as_py() == v
+
+
+def test_index_statistics_index_type_lists_all_supported_values():
+    expected_index_types = {
+        "IVF_FLAT",
+        "IVF_SQ",
+        "IVF_PQ",
+        "IVF_RQ",
+        "IVF_HNSW_SQ",
+        "IVF_HNSW_PQ",
+        "FTS",
+        "BTREE",
+        "BITMAP",
+        "LABEL_LIST",
+    }
+
+    assert (
+        set(get_args(get_type_hints(IndexStatistics)["index_type"]))
+        == expected_index_types
+    )

python/python/tests/test_namespace_integration.py

@@ -147,7 +147,12 @@ class TrackingNamespace(LanceNamespace):
         This simulates a credential rotation system where each call returns
         new credentials that expire after credential_expires_in_seconds.
         """
-        modified = copy.deepcopy(storage_options) if storage_options else {}
+        # Start from base storage options (endpoint, region, allow_http, etc.)
+        # because DirectoryNamespace returns None for storage_options from
+        # describe_table/declare_table when no credential vendor is configured.
+        modified = copy.deepcopy(self.base_storage_options)
+        if storage_options:
+            modified.update(storage_options)
 
         # Increment credentials to simulate rotation
         modified["aws_access_key_id"] = f"AKID_{count}"

python/python/tests/test_query.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from lancedb.query import (
     PhraseQuery,
     Query,
     FullTextSearchQuery,
+    ensure_vector_query,
 )
 from lancedb.rerankers.cross_encoder import CrossEncoderReranker
 from lancedb.table import AsyncTable, LanceTable
@@ -1501,6 +1502,18 @@ def test_search_empty_table(mem_db):
     assert results == []
 
 
+def test_ensure_vector_query_empty_list():
+    """Regression: ensure_vector_query used to return instead of raise ValueError."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-empty"):
+        ensure_vector_query([])
+
+
+def test_ensure_vector_query_nested_empty_list():
+    """Regression: ensure_vector_query used to return instead of raise ValueError."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-empty"):
+        ensure_vector_query([[]])
+
+
 def test_fast_search(tmp_path):
     db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
 

python/python/tests/test_table.py

@@ -527,6 +527,102 @@ async def test_add_async(mem_db_async: AsyncConnection):
     assert await table.count_rows() == 3
 
 
+def test_add_progress_callback(mem_db: DBConnection):
+    table = mem_db.create_table(
+        "test",
+        data=[{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}],
+    )
+
+    updates = []
+    table.add([{"id": 3}, {"id": 4}], progress=lambda p: updates.append(dict(p)))
+
+    assert len(table) == 4
+    # The done callback always fires, so we should always get at least one.
+    assert len(updates) >= 1, "expected at least one progress callback"
+    for p in updates:
+        assert "output_rows" in p
+        assert "output_bytes" in p
+        assert "total_rows" in p
+        assert "elapsed_seconds" in p
+        assert "active_tasks" in p
+        assert "total_tasks" in p
+        assert "done" in p
+    # The last callback should have done=True.
+    assert updates[-1]["done"] is True
+
+
+def test_add_progress_tqdm_like(mem_db: DBConnection):
+    """Test that a tqdm-like object gets total set and update() called."""
+
+    class FakeBar:
+        def __init__(self):
+            self.total = None
+            self.n = 0
+            self.postfix = None
+
+        def update(self, n):
+            self.n += n
+
+        def set_postfix_str(self, s):
+            self.postfix = s
+
+        def refresh(self):
+            pass
+
+    table = mem_db.create_table(
+        "test",
+        data=[{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}],
+    )
+
+    bar = FakeBar()
+    table.add([{"id": 3}, {"id": 4}], progress=bar)
+
+    assert len(table) == 4
+    # Postfix should contain throughput and worker count
+    if bar.postfix is not None:
+        assert "MB/s" in bar.postfix
+        assert "workers" in bar.postfix
+
+
+def test_add_progress_bool(mem_db: DBConnection):
+    """Test that progress=True creates and closes a tqdm bar automatically."""
+    table = mem_db.create_table(
+        "test",
+        data=[{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}],
+    )
+
+    table.add([{"id": 3}, {"id": 4}], progress=True)
+    assert len(table) == 4
+
+    # progress=False should be the same as None
+    table.add([{"id": 5}], progress=False)
+    assert len(table) == 5
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_add_progress_callback_async(mem_db_async: AsyncConnection):
+    """Progress callbacks work through the async path too."""
+    table = await mem_db_async.create_table("test", data=[{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}])
+
+    updates = []
+    await table.add([{"id": 3}, {"id": 4}], progress=lambda p: updates.append(dict(p)))
+
+    assert await table.count_rows() == 4
+    assert len(updates) >= 1
+    assert updates[-1]["done"] is True
+
+
+def test_add_progress_callback_error(mem_db: DBConnection):
+    """A failing callback must not prevent the write from succeeding."""
+    table = mem_db.create_table("test", data=[{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}])
+
+    def bad_callback(p):
+        raise RuntimeError("boom")
+
+    table.add([{"id": 3}, {"id": 4}], progress=bad_callback)
+    assert len(table) == 4
+
+
 def test_polars(mem_db: DBConnection):
     data = {
         "vector": [[3.1, 4.1], [5.9, 26.5]],

python/src/query.rs

@@ -316,6 +316,19 @@ impl<'py> IntoPyObject<'py> for PySelect {
             Select::All => Ok(py.None().into_bound(py).into_any()),
             Select::Columns(columns) => Ok(columns.into_pyobject(py)?.into_any()),
             Select::Dynamic(columns) => Ok(columns.into_pyobject(py)?.into_any()),
+            Select::Expr(pairs) => {
+                // Serialize DataFusion Expr -> SQL string so Python sees the same
+                // format as Select::Dynamic: a list of (name, sql_string) tuples.
+                let sql_pairs: PyResult<Vec<(String, String)>> = pairs
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|(name, expr)| {
+                        lancedb::expr::expr_to_sql_string(&expr)
+                            .map(|sql| (name, sql))
+                            .map_err(|e| PyRuntimeError::new_err(e.to_string()))
+                    })
+                    .collect();
+                Ok(sql_pairs?.into_pyobject(py)?.into_any())
+            }
         }
     }
 }

python/src/table.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use lancedb::table::{
     Table as LanceDbTable,
 };
 use pyo3::{
-    Bound, FromPyObject, PyAny, PyRef, PyResult, Python,
+    Bound, FromPyObject, Py, PyAny, PyRef, PyResult, Python,
     exceptions::{PyKeyError, PyRuntimeError, PyValueError},
     pyclass, pymethods,
     types::{IntoPyDict, PyAnyMethods, PyDict, PyDictMethods},
@@ -299,10 +299,12 @@ impl Table {
         })
     }
 
+    #[pyo3(signature = (data, mode, progress=None))]
     pub fn add<'a>(
         self_: PyRef<'a, Self>,
         data: PyScannable,
         mode: String,
+        progress: Option<Py<PyAny>>,
     ) -> PyResult<Bound<'a, PyAny>> {
         let mut op = self_.inner_ref()?.add(data);
         if mode == "append" {
@@ -312,6 +314,81 @@ impl Table {
         } else {
             return Err(PyValueError::new_err(format!("Invalid mode: {}", mode)));
         }
+        if let Some(progress_obj) = progress {
+            let is_callable = Python::attach(|py| progress_obj.bind(py).is_callable());
+            if is_callable {
+                // Callback: call with a dict of progress info.
+                op = op.progress(move |p| {
+                    Python::attach(|py| {
+                        let dict = PyDict::new(py);
+                        if let Err(e) = dict
+                            .set_item("output_rows", p.output_rows())
+                            .and_then(|_| dict.set_item("output_bytes", p.output_bytes()))
+                            .and_then(|_| dict.set_item("total_rows", p.total_rows()))
+                            .and_then(|_| {
+                                dict.set_item("elapsed_seconds", p.elapsed().as_secs_f64())
+                            })
+                            .and_then(|_| dict.set_item("active_tasks", p.active_tasks()))
+                            .and_then(|_| dict.set_item("total_tasks", p.total_tasks()))
+                            .and_then(|_| dict.set_item("done", p.done()))
+                        {
+                            log::warn!("progress dict error: {e}");
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        if let Err(e) = progress_obj.call1(py, (dict,)) {
+                            log::warn!("progress callback error: {e}");
+                        }
+                    });
+                });
+            } else {
+                // tqdm-like: has update() method.
+                let mut last_rows: usize = 0;
+                let mut total_set = false;
+                op = op.progress(move |p| {
+                    let current = p.output_rows();
+                    let prev = last_rows;
+                    last_rows = current;
+                    Python::attach(|py| {
+                        if let Some(total) = p.total_rows()
+                            && !total_set
+                        {
+                            if let Err(e) = progress_obj.setattr(py, "total", total) {
+                                log::warn!("progress setattr error: {e}");
+                            }
+                            total_set = true;
+                        }
+                        let delta = current.saturating_sub(prev);
+                        if delta > 0 {
+                            if let Err(e) = progress_obj.call_method1(py, "update", (delta,)) {
+                                log::warn!("progress update error: {e}");
+                            }
+                            // Show throughput and active workers in tqdm postfix.
+                            let elapsed = p.elapsed().as_secs_f64();
+                            if elapsed > 0.0 {
+                                let mb_per_sec = p.output_bytes() as f64 / elapsed / 1_000_000.0;
+                                let postfix = format!(
+                                    "{:.1} MB/s | {}/{} workers",
+                                    mb_per_sec,
+                                    p.active_tasks(),
+                                    p.total_tasks()
+                                );
+                                if let Err(e) =
+                                    progress_obj.call_method1(py, "set_postfix_str", (postfix,))
+                                {
+                                    log::warn!("progress set_postfix_str error: {e}");
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if p.done() {
+                            // Force a final refresh so the bar shows completion.
+                            if let Err(e) = progress_obj.call_method0(py, "refresh") {
+                                log::warn!("progress refresh error: {e}");
+                            }
+                        }
+                    });
+                });
+            }
+        }
 
         future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {
             let result = op.execute().await.infer_error()?;
@@ -426,6 +503,17 @@ impl Table {
         })
     }
 
+    pub fn prewarm_data(
+        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
+        columns: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
+        let inner = self_.inner_ref()?.clone();
+        future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {
+            inner.prewarm_data(columns).await.infer_error()?;
+            Ok(())
+        })
+    }
+
     pub fn list_indices(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
         let inner = self_.inner_ref()?.clone();
         future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {

rust/lancedb/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb"
-version = "0.27.0-beta.4"
+version = "0.27.2-beta.1"
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "LanceDB: A serverless, low-latency vector database for AI applications"
 license.workspace = true

rust/lancedb/src/connection.rs

@@ -596,11 +596,8 @@ pub struct ConnectBuilder {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "remote")]
-const ENV_VARS_TO_STORAGE_OPTS: [(&str, &str); 3] = [
-    ("AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME", "azure_storage_account_name"),
-    ("AZURE_CLIENT_ID", "azure_client_id"),
-    ("AZURE_TENANT_ID", "azure_tenant_id"),
-];
+const ENV_VARS_TO_STORAGE_OPTS: [(&str, &str); 1] =
+    [("AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME", "azure_storage_account_name")];
 
 impl ConnectBuilder {
     /// Create a new [`ConnectOptions`] with the given database URI.

rust/lancedb/src/dataloader/permutation/reader.rs

@@ -339,6 +339,12 @@ impl PermutationReader {
                 }
                 Ok(false)
             }
+            Select::Expr(columns) => {
+                // For Expr projections, we check if any alias is _rowid.
+                // We can't validate the expression itself (it may differ from _rowid)
+                // but we allow it through; the column will be included.
+                Ok(columns.iter().any(|(alias, _)| alias == ROW_ID))
+            }
         }
     }
 

rust/lancedb/src/query.rs

@@ -47,6 +47,25 @@ pub enum Select {
     ///
     /// See [`Query::select`] for more details and examples
     Dynamic(Vec<(String, String)>),
+    /// Advanced selection using type-safe DataFusion expressions
+    ///
+    /// Similar to [`Select::Dynamic`] but uses [`datafusion_expr::Expr`] instead of
+    /// raw SQL strings. Use [`crate::expr`] helpers to build expressions:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use lancedb::expr::{col, lit};
+    /// use lancedb::query::Select;
+    ///
+    /// // SELECT id, id * 2 AS id2 FROM ...
+    /// let selection = Select::expr_projection(&[
+    ///     ("id", col("id")),
+    ///     ("id2", col("id") * lit(2)),
+    /// ]);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Note: For remote/server-side queries the expressions are serialized to SQL strings
+    /// automatically (same as [`Select::Dynamic`]).
+    Expr(Vec<(String, datafusion_expr::Expr)>),
 }
 
 impl Select {
@@ -69,6 +88,29 @@ impl Select {
                 .collect(),
         )
     }
+    /// Create a typed-expression projection.
+    ///
+    /// This is a convenience method for creating a [`Select::Expr`] variant from
+    /// a slice of `(name, expr)` pairs where each `expr` is a [`datafusion_expr::Expr`].
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    /// ```
+    /// use lancedb::expr::{col, lit};
+    /// use lancedb::query::Select;
+    ///
+    /// let selection = Select::expr_projection(&[
+    ///     ("id", col("id")),
+    ///     ("id2", col("id") * lit(2)),
+    /// ]);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn expr_projection(columns: &[(impl AsRef<str>, datafusion_expr::Expr)]) -> Self {
+        Self::Expr(
+            columns
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(name, expr)| (name.as_ref().to_string(), expr.clone()))
+                .collect(),
+        )
+    }
 }
 
 /// A trait for converting a type to a query vector
@@ -1591,6 +1633,58 @@ mod tests {
         });
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_select_with_expr_projection() {
+        // Mirrors test_select_with_transform but uses Select::Expr instead of Select::Dynamic
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let dataset_path = tmp_dir.path().join("test_expr.lance");
+        let uri = dataset_path.to_str().unwrap();
+
+        let batches = make_non_empty_batches();
+        let conn = connect(uri).execute().await.unwrap();
+        let table = conn
+            .create_table("my_table", batches)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        use crate::expr::{col, lit};
+        let query = table.query().limit(10).select(Select::expr_projection(&[
+            ("id2", col("id") * lit(2i32)),
+            ("id", col("id")),
+        ]));
+
+        let schema = query.output_schema().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            schema,
+            Arc::new(ArrowSchema::new(vec![
+                ArrowField::new("id2", DataType::Int32, true),
+                ArrowField::new("id", DataType::Int32, true),
+            ]))
+        );
+
+        let result = query.execute().await;
+        let mut batches = result
+            .expect("should have result")
+            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(batches.len(), 1);
+        let batch = batches.pop().unwrap();
+
+        // id and id2
+        assert_eq!(batch.num_columns(), 2);
+
+        let id: &Int32Array = batch.column_by_name("id").unwrap().as_primitive();
+        let id2: &Int32Array = batch.column_by_name("id2").unwrap().as_primitive();
+
+        id.iter().zip(id2.iter()).for_each(|(id, id2)| {
+            let id = id.unwrap();
+            let id2 = id2.unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(id * 2, id2);
+        });
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_execute_no_vector() {
         // TODO: Switch back to memory://foo after https://github.com/lancedb/lancedb/issues/1051

rust/lancedb/src/remote/client.rs

@@ -426,14 +426,11 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> RestfulLanceDbClient<S> {
                 })?,
             );
         }
-        if db_prefix.is_some() {
+        if let Some(prefix) = db_prefix {
             headers.insert(
                 HeaderName::from_static("x-lancedb-database-prefix"),
-                HeaderValue::from_str(db_prefix.unwrap()).map_err(|_| Error::InvalidInput {
-                    message: format!(
-                        "non-ascii database prefix '{}' provided",
-                        db_prefix.unwrap()
-                    ),
+                HeaderValue::from_str(prefix).map_err(|_| Error::InvalidInput {
+                    message: format!("non-ascii database prefix '{}' provided", prefix),
                 })?,
             );
         }
@@ -446,23 +443,13 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> RestfulLanceDbClient<S> {
                 })?,
             );
         }
-        // Map azure storage options to x-azure-* headers.
-        // The option key uses underscores (e.g. "azure_client_id") while the
-        // header uses hyphens (e.g. "x-azure-client-id").
-        let azure_opts: [(&str, &str); 3] = [
-            ("azure_storage_account_name", "x-azure-storage-account-name"),
-            ("azure_client_id", "x-azure-client-id"),
-            ("azure_tenant_id", "x-azure-tenant-id"),
-        ];
-        for (opt_key, header_name) in azure_opts {
-            if let Some(v) = options.0.get(opt_key) {
-                headers.insert(
-                    HeaderName::from_static(header_name),
-                    HeaderValue::from_str(v).map_err(|_| Error::InvalidInput {
-                        message: format!("non-ascii value '{}' for option '{}'", v, opt_key),
-                    })?,
-                );
-            }
+        if let Some(v) = options.0.get("azure_storage_account_name") {
+            headers.insert(
+                HeaderName::from_static("x-azure-storage-account-name"),
+                HeaderValue::from_str(v).map_err(|_| Error::InvalidInput {
+                    message: format!("non-ascii storage account name '{}' provided", db_name),
+                })?,
+            );
         }
 
         for (key, value) in &config.extra_headers {
@@ -1085,34 +1072,4 @@ mod tests {
             _ => panic!("Expected Runtime error"),
         }
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_default_headers_azure_opts() {
-        let mut opts = HashMap::new();
-        opts.insert(
-            "azure_storage_account_name".to_string(),
-            "myaccount".to_string(),
-        );
-        opts.insert("azure_client_id".to_string(), "my-client-id".to_string());
-        opts.insert("azure_tenant_id".to_string(), "my-tenant-id".to_string());
-        let remote_opts = RemoteOptions::new(opts);
-
-        let headers = RestfulLanceDbClient::<Sender>::default_headers(
-            "test-key",
-            "us-east-1",
-            "testdb",
-            false,
-            &remote_opts,
-            None,
-            &ClientConfig::default(),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            headers.get("x-azure-storage-account-name").unwrap(),
-            "myaccount"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(headers.get("x-azure-client-id").unwrap(), "my-client-id");
-        assert_eq!(headers.get("x-azure-tenant-id").unwrap(), "my-tenant-id");
-    }
 }

rust/lancedb/src/remote/db.rs

@@ -72,6 +72,10 @@ impl ServerVersion {
     pub fn support_structural_fts(&self) -> bool {
         self.0 >= semver::Version::new(0, 3, 0)
     }
+
+    pub fn support_multipart_write(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0 >= semver::Version::new(0, 4, 0)
+    }
 }
 
 pub const OPT_REMOTE_PREFIX: &str = "remote_database_";
@@ -778,12 +782,7 @@ impl RemoteOptions {
 
 impl From<StorageOptions> for RemoteOptions {
     fn from(options: StorageOptions) -> Self {
-        let supported_opts = vec![
-            "account_name",
-            "azure_storage_account_name",
-            "azure_client_id",
-            "azure_tenant_id",
-        ];
+        let supported_opts = vec!["account_name", "azure_storage_account_name"];
         let mut filtered = HashMap::new();
         for opt in supported_opts {
             if let Some(v) = options.0.get(opt) {

rust/lancedb/src/remote/table/insert.rs

@@ -11,10 +11,14 @@ use arrow_ipc::CompressionType;
 use datafusion_common::{DataFusionError, Result as DataFusionResult};
 use datafusion_execution::{SendableRecordBatchStream, TaskContext};
 use datafusion_physical_expr::EquivalenceProperties;
+use datafusion_physical_plan::metrics::{ExecutionPlanMetricsSet, MetricsSet};
 use datafusion_physical_plan::stream::RecordBatchStreamAdapter;
-use datafusion_physical_plan::{DisplayAs, DisplayFormatType, ExecutionPlan, PlanProperties};
+use datafusion_physical_plan::{
+    DisplayAs, DisplayFormatType, ExecutionPlan, ExecutionPlanProperties, PlanProperties,
+};
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use http::header::CONTENT_TYPE;
+use lance::io::exec::utils::InstrumentedRecordBatchStreamAdapter;
 
 use crate::Error;
 use crate::remote::ARROW_STREAM_CONTENT_TYPE;
@@ -22,13 +26,16 @@ use crate::remote::client::{HttpSend, RestfulLanceDbClient, Sender};
 use crate::remote::table::RemoteTable;
 use crate::table::AddResult;
 use crate::table::datafusion::insert::COUNT_SCHEMA;
+use crate::table::write_progress::WriteProgressTracker;
 
 /// ExecutionPlan for inserting data into a remote LanceDB table.
 ///
-/// This plan:
-/// 1. Requires single partition (no parallel remote inserts yet)
-/// 2. Streams data as Arrow IPC to `/v1/table/{id}/insert/` endpoint
-/// 3. Stores AddResult for retrieval after execution
+/// Streams data as Arrow IPC to `/v1/table/{id}/insert/` endpoint.
+///
+/// When `upload_id` is set, inserts are staged as part of a multipart write
+/// session and the plan supports multiple partitions for parallel uploads.
+/// Without `upload_id`, the plan requires a single partition and commits
+/// immediately.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RemoteInsertExec<S: HttpSend = Sender> {
     table_name: String,
@@ -38,21 +45,69 @@ pub struct RemoteInsertExec<S: HttpSend = Sender> {
     overwrite: bool,
     properties: PlanProperties,
     add_result: Arc<Mutex<Option<AddResult>>>,
+    metrics: ExecutionPlanMetricsSet,
+    upload_id: Option<String>,
+    tracker: Option<Arc<WriteProgressTracker>>,
 }
 
 impl<S: HttpSend + 'static> RemoteInsertExec<S> {
-    /// Create a new RemoteInsertExec.
+    /// Create a new single-partition RemoteInsertExec.
     pub fn new(
         table_name: String,
         identifier: String,
         client: RestfulLanceDbClient<S>,
         input: Arc<dyn ExecutionPlan>,
         overwrite: bool,
+        tracker: Option<Arc<WriteProgressTracker>>,
     ) -> Self {
+        Self::new_inner(
+            table_name, identifier, client, input, overwrite, None, tracker,
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Create a multi-partition RemoteInsertExec for use with multipart writes.
+    ///
+    /// Each partition's insert is staged under the given `upload_id` without
+    /// committing. The caller is responsible for calling the complete (or abort)
+    /// endpoint after all partitions finish.
+    pub fn new_multipart(
+        table_name: String,
+        identifier: String,
+        client: RestfulLanceDbClient<S>,
+        input: Arc<dyn ExecutionPlan>,
+        overwrite: bool,
+        upload_id: String,
+        tracker: Option<Arc<WriteProgressTracker>>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::new_inner(
+            table_name,
+            identifier,
+            client,
+            input,
+            overwrite,
+            Some(upload_id),
+            tracker,
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn new_inner(
+        table_name: String,
+        identifier: String,
+        client: RestfulLanceDbClient<S>,
+        input: Arc<dyn ExecutionPlan>,
+        overwrite: bool,
+        upload_id: Option<String>,
+        tracker: Option<Arc<WriteProgressTracker>>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let num_partitions = if upload_id.is_some() {
+            input.output_partitioning().partition_count()
+        } else {
+            1
+        };
         let schema = COUNT_SCHEMA.clone();
         let properties = PlanProperties::new(
             EquivalenceProperties::new(schema),
-            datafusion_physical_plan::Partitioning::UnknownPartitioning(1),
+            datafusion_physical_plan::Partitioning::UnknownPartitioning(num_partitions),
             datafusion_physical_plan::execution_plan::EmissionType::Final,
             datafusion_physical_plan::execution_plan::Boundedness::Bounded,
         );
@@ -65,6 +120,9 @@ impl<S: HttpSend + 'static> RemoteInsertExec<S> {
             overwrite,
             properties,
             add_result: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
+            metrics: ExecutionPlanMetricsSet::new(),
+            upload_id,
+            tracker,
         }
     }
 
@@ -83,6 +141,7 @@ impl<S: HttpSend + 'static> RemoteInsertExec<S> {
     fn stream_as_http_body(
         data: SendableRecordBatchStream,
         error_tx: tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender<DataFusionError>,
+        tracker: Option<Arc<WriteProgressTracker>>,
     ) -> DataFusionResult<reqwest::Body> {
         let options = arrow_ipc::writer::IpcWriteOptions::default()
             .try_with_compression(Some(CompressionType::LZ4_FRAME))?;
@@ -94,37 +153,46 @@ impl<S: HttpSend + 'static> RemoteInsertExec<S> {
 
         let stream = futures::stream::try_unfold(
             (data, writer, Some(error_tx), false),
-            move |(mut data, mut writer, error_tx, finished)| async move {
-                if finished {
-                    return Ok(None);
-                }
-                match data.next().await {
-                    Some(Ok(batch)) => {
-                        writer
-                            .write(&batch)
-                            .map_err(|e| std::io::Error::other(e.to_string()))?;
-                        let buffer = std::mem::take(writer.get_mut());
-                        Ok(Some((buffer, (data, writer, error_tx, false))))
+            move |(mut data, mut writer, error_tx, finished)| {
+                let tracker = tracker.clone();
+                async move {
+                    if finished {
+                        return Ok(None);
                     }
-                    Some(Err(e)) => {
-                        // Send the original error through the channel before
-                        // returning a generic error to reqwest.
-                        if let Some(tx) = error_tx {
-                            let _ = tx.send(e);
+                    match data.next().await {
+                        Some(Ok(batch)) => {
+                            writer
+                                .write(&batch)
+                                .map_err(|e| std::io::Error::other(e.to_string()))?;
+                            let buffer = std::mem::take(writer.get_mut());
+                            if let Some(ref t) = tracker {
+                                t.record_bytes(buffer.len());
+                            }
+                            Ok(Some((buffer, (data, writer, error_tx, false))))
                         }
-                        Err(std::io::Error::other(
-                            "input stream error (see error channel)",
-                        ))
-                    }
-                    None => {
-                        writer
-                            .finish()
-                            .map_err(|e| std::io::Error::other(e.to_string()))?;
-                        let buffer = std::mem::take(writer.get_mut());
-                        if buffer.is_empty() {
-                            Ok(None)
-                        } else {
-                            Ok(Some((buffer, (data, writer, None, true))))
+                        Some(Err(e)) => {
+                            // Send the original error through the channel before
+                            // returning a generic error to reqwest.
+                            if let Some(tx) = error_tx {
+                                let _ = tx.send(e);
+                            }
+                            Err(std::io::Error::other(
+                                "input stream error (see error channel)",
+                            ))
+                        }
+                        None => {
+                            writer
+                                .finish()
+                                .map_err(|e| std::io::Error::other(e.to_string()))?;
+                            let buffer = std::mem::take(writer.get_mut());
+                            if buffer.is_empty() {
+                                Ok(None)
+                            } else {
+                                if let Some(ref t) = tracker {
+                                    t.record_bytes(buffer.len());
+                                }
+                                Ok(Some((buffer, (data, writer, None, true))))
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -174,8 +242,11 @@ impl<S: HttpSend + 'static> ExecutionPlan for RemoteInsertExec<S> {
     }
 
     fn required_input_distribution(&self) -> Vec<datafusion_physical_plan::Distribution> {
-        // Until we have a separate commit endpoint, we need to do all inserts in a single partition
-        vec![datafusion_physical_plan::Distribution::SinglePartition]
+        if self.upload_id.is_some() {
+            vec![datafusion_physical_plan::Distribution::UnspecifiedDistribution]
+        } else {
+            vec![datafusion_physical_plan::Distribution::SinglePartition]
+        }
     }
 
     fn benefits_from_input_partitioning(&self) -> Vec<bool> {
@@ -191,12 +262,14 @@ impl<S: HttpSend + 'static> ExecutionPlan for RemoteInsertExec<S> {
                 "RemoteInsertExec requires exactly one child".to_string(),
             ));
         }
-        Ok(Arc::new(Self::new(
+        Ok(Arc::new(Self::new_inner(
             self.table_name.clone(),
             self.identifier.clone(),
             self.client.clone(),
             children[0].clone(),
             self.overwrite,
+            self.upload_id.clone(),
+            self.tracker.clone(),
         )))
     }
 
@@ -205,18 +278,29 @@ impl<S: HttpSend + 'static> ExecutionPlan for RemoteInsertExec<S> {
         partition: usize,
         context: Arc<TaskContext>,
     ) -> DataFusionResult<SendableRecordBatchStream> {
-        if partition != 0 {
+        if self.upload_id.is_none() && partition != 0 {
             return Err(DataFusionError::Internal(
-                "RemoteInsertExec only supports single partition execution".to_string(),
+                "RemoteInsertExec only supports single partition execution without upload_id"
+                    .to_string(),
             ));
         }
 
-        let input_stream = self.input.execute(0, context)?;
+        let input_stream = self.input.execute(partition, context)?;
+        let input_schema = input_stream.schema();
+        let input_stream: SendableRecordBatchStream =
+            Box::pin(InstrumentedRecordBatchStreamAdapter::new(
+                input_schema,
+                input_stream,
+                partition,
+                &self.metrics,
+            ));
         let client = self.client.clone();
         let identifier = self.identifier.clone();
         let overwrite = self.overwrite;
         let add_result = self.add_result.clone();
         let table_name = self.table_name.clone();
+        let upload_id = self.upload_id.clone();
+        let tracker = self.tracker.clone();
 
         let stream = futures::stream::once(async move {
             let mut request = client
@@ -226,9 +310,12 @@ impl<S: HttpSend + 'static> ExecutionPlan for RemoteInsertExec<S> {
             if overwrite {
                 request = request.query(&[("mode", "overwrite")]);
             }
+            if let Some(ref uid) = upload_id {
+                request = request.query(&[("upload_id", uid.as_str())]);
+            }
 
             let (error_tx, mut error_rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
-            let body = Self::stream_as_http_body(input_stream, error_tx)?;
+            let body = Self::stream_as_http_body(input_stream, error_tx, tracker)?;
             let request = request.body(body);
 
             let result: DataFusionResult<(String, _)> = async {
@@ -262,32 +349,43 @@ impl<S: HttpSend + 'static> ExecutionPlan for RemoteInsertExec<S> {
 
             let (request_id, response) = result?;
 
-            let body_text = response.text().await.map_err(|e| {
-                DataFusionError::External(Box::new(Error::Http {
-                    source: Box::new(e),
-                    request_id: request_id.clone(),
-                    status_code: None,
-                }))
-            })?;
-
-            let parsed_result = if body_text.trim().is_empty() {
-                // Backward compatible with old servers
-                AddResult { version: 0 }
-            } else {
-                serde_json::from_str(&body_text).map_err(|e| {
+            // For multipart writes, the staging response is not the final
+            // version. Only parse AddResult for non-multipart inserts.
+            if upload_id.is_none() {
+                let body_text = response.text().await.map_err(|e| {
                     DataFusionError::External(Box::new(Error::Http {
-                        source: format!("Failed to parse add response: {}", e).into(),
+                        source: Box::new(e),
                         request_id: request_id.clone(),
                         status_code: None,
                     }))
-                })?
-            };
+                })?;
+
+                let parsed_result = if body_text.trim().is_empty() {
+                    // Backward compatible with old servers
+                    AddResult { version: 0 }
+                } else {
+                    serde_json::from_str(&body_text).map_err(|e| {
+                        DataFusionError::External(Box::new(Error::Http {
+                            source: format!("Failed to parse add response: {}", e).into(),
+                            request_id: request_id.clone(),
+                            status_code: None,
+                        }))
+                    })?
+                };
 
-            {
                 let mut res_lock = add_result.lock().map_err(|_| {
                     DataFusionError::Execution("Failed to acquire lock for add_result".to_string())
                 })?;
                 *res_lock = Some(parsed_result);
+            } else {
+                // We don't use the body in this case, but we should still consume it.
+                let _ = response.bytes().await.map_err(|e| {
+                    DataFusionError::External(Box::new(Error::Http {
+                        source: Box::new(e),
+                        request_id: request_id.clone(),
+                        status_code: None,
+                    }))
+                })?;
             }
 
             // Return a single batch with count 0 (actual count is tracked in add_result)
@@ -301,6 +399,10 @@ impl<S: HttpSend + 'static> ExecutionPlan for RemoteInsertExec<S> {
             stream,
         )))
     }
+
+    fn metrics(&self) -> Option<MetricsSet> {
+        Some(self.metrics.clone_inner())
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

rust/lancedb/src/table.rs

@@ -74,7 +74,10 @@ pub mod optimize;
 pub mod query;
 pub mod schema_evolution;
 pub mod update;
+pub mod write_progress;
 use crate::index::waiter::wait_for_index;
+#[cfg(feature = "remote")]
+pub(crate) use add_data::PreprocessingOutput;
 pub use add_data::{AddDataBuilder, AddDataMode, AddResult, NaNVectorBehavior};
 pub use chrono::Duration;
 pub use delete::DeleteResult;
@@ -277,8 +280,13 @@ pub trait BaseTable: std::fmt::Display + std::fmt::Debug + Send + Sync {
     async fn list_indices(&self) -> Result<Vec<IndexConfig>>;
     /// Drop an index from the table.
     async fn drop_index(&self, name: &str) -> Result<()>;
-    /// Prewarm an index in the table
+    /// Prewarm an index in the table.
     async fn prewarm_index(&self, name: &str) -> Result<()>;
+    /// Prewarm data for the table.
+    ///
+    /// Currently only supported on remote tables.
+    /// If `columns` is `None`, all columns are prewarmed.
+    async fn prewarm_data(&self, columns: Option<Vec<String>>) -> Result<()>;
     /// Get statistics about the index.
     async fn index_stats(&self, index_name: &str) -> Result<Option<IndexStatistics>>;
     /// Merge insert new records into the table.
@@ -435,6 +443,34 @@ mod test_utils {
                 embedding_registry: Arc::new(MemoryRegistry::new()),
             }
         }
+
+        pub fn new_with_handler_version_and_config<T>(
+            name: impl Into<String>,
+            version: semver::Version,
+            handler: impl Fn(reqwest::Request) -> http::Response<T> + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+            config: crate::remote::ClientConfig,
+        ) -> Self
+        where
+            T: Into<reqwest::Body>,
+        {
+            let inner = Arc::new(
+                crate::remote::table::RemoteTable::new_mock_with_version_and_config(
+                    name.into(),
+                    handler.clone(),
+                    Some(version),
+                    config.clone(),
+                ),
+            );
+            let database = Arc::new(crate::remote::db::RemoteDatabase::new_mock_with_config(
+                handler, config,
+            ));
+            Self {
+                inner,
+                database: Some(database),
+                // Registry is unused.
+                embedding_registry: Arc::new(MemoryRegistry::new()),
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -946,17 +982,7 @@ impl Table {
     ///  * Prune: Removes old versions of the dataset
     ///  * Index: Optimizes the indices, adding new data to existing indices
     ///
-    /// <section class="warning">Experimental API</section>
-    ///
-    /// The optimization process is undergoing active development and may change.
-    /// Our goal with these changes is to improve the performance of optimization and
-    /// reduce the complexity.
-    ///
-    /// That being said, it is essential today to run optimize if you want the best
-    /// performance.  It should be stable and safe to use in production, but it our
-    /// hope that the API may be simplified (or not even need to be called) in the future.
-    ///
-    /// The frequency an application shoudl call optimize is based on the frequency of
+    /// The frequency an application should call optimize is based on the frequency of
     /// data modifications.  If data is frequently added, deleted, or updated then
     /// optimize should be run frequently.  A good rule of thumb is to run optimize if
     /// you have added or modified 100,000 or more records or run more than 20 data
@@ -1123,22 +1149,45 @@ impl Table {
         self.inner.drop_index(name).await
     }
 
-    /// Prewarm an index in the table
+    /// Prewarm an index in the table.
     ///
-    /// This is a hint to fully load the index into memory.  It can be used to
-    /// avoid cold starts
+    /// This is a hint to the database that the index will be accessed in the
+    /// future and should be loaded into memory if possible.  This can reduce
+    /// cold-start latency for subsequent queries.
+    ///
+    /// This call initiates prewarming and returns once the request is accepted.
+    /// It is idempotent and safe to call from multiple clients concurrently.
     ///
     /// It is generally wasteful to call this if the index does not fit into the
-    /// available cache.
-    ///
-    /// Note: This function is not yet supported on all indices, in which case it
-    /// may do nothing.
+    /// available cache.  Not all index types support prewarming; unsupported
+    /// indices will silently ignore the request.
     ///
     /// Use [`Self::list_indices()`] to find the names of the indices.
     pub async fn prewarm_index(&self, name: &str) -> Result<()> {
         self.inner.prewarm_index(name).await
     }
 
+    /// Prewarm data for the table.
+    ///
+    /// This is a hint to the database that the given columns will be accessed in
+    /// the future and the database should prefetch the data if possible.  This
+    /// can reduce cold-start latency for subsequent queries.  Currently only
+    /// supported on remote tables.
+    ///
+    /// This call initiates prewarming and returns once the request is accepted.
+    /// It is idempotent and safe to call from multiple clients concurrently —
+    /// calling it on already-prewarmed columns is a no-op on the server.
+    ///
+    /// This operation has a large upfront cost but can speed up future queries
+    /// that need to fetch the given columns.  Large columns such as embeddings
+    /// or binary data may not be practical to prewarm.  This feature is intended
+    /// for workloads that issue many queries against the same columns.
+    ///
+    /// If `columns` is `None`, all columns are prewarmed.
+    pub async fn prewarm_data(&self, columns: Option<Vec<String>>) -> Result<()> {
+        self.inner.prewarm_data(columns).await
+    }
+
     /// Poll until the columns are fully indexed. Will return Error::Timeout if the columns
     /// are not fully indexed within the timeout.
     pub async fn wait_for_index(
@@ -2180,21 +2229,26 @@ impl BaseTable for NativeTable {
 
         let table_schema = Schema::from(&ds.schema().clone());
 
-        // Peek at the first batch to estimate a good partition count for
-        // write parallelism.
-        let mut peeked = PeekedScannable::new(add.data);
-        let num_partitions = if let Some(first_batch) = peeked.peek().await {
-            let max_partitions = lance_core::utils::tokio::get_num_compute_intensive_cpus();
-            estimate_write_partitions(
-                first_batch.get_array_memory_size(),
-                first_batch.num_rows(),
-                peeked.num_rows(),
-                max_partitions,
-            )
+        let num_partitions = if let Some(parallelism) = add.write_parallelism {
+            parallelism
         } else {
-            1
+            // Peek at the first batch to estimate a good partition count for
+            // write parallelism.
+            let mut peeked = PeekedScannable::new(add.data);
+            let n = if let Some(first_batch) = peeked.peek().await {
+                let max_partitions = lance_core::utils::tokio::get_num_compute_intensive_cpus();
+                estimate_write_partitions(
+                    first_batch.get_array_memory_size(),
+                    first_batch.num_rows(),
+                    peeked.num_rows(),
+                    max_partitions,
+                )
+            } else {
+                1
+            };
+            add.data = Box::new(peeked);
+            n
         };
-        add.data = Box::new(peeked);
 
         let output = add.into_plan(&table_schema, &table_def)?;
 
@@ -2223,13 +2277,21 @@ impl BaseTable for NativeTable {
 
         let insert_exec = Arc::new(InsertExec::new(ds_wrapper.clone(), ds, plan, lance_params));
 
+        let tracker_for_tasks = output.tracker.clone();
+        if let Some(ref t) = tracker_for_tasks {
+            t.set_total_tasks(num_partitions);
+        }
+        let _finish = write_progress::FinishOnDrop(output.tracker);
+
         // Execute all partitions in parallel.
         let task_ctx = Arc::new(TaskContext::default());
         let handles = FuturesUnordered::new();
         for partition in 0..num_partitions {
             let exec = insert_exec.clone();
             let ctx = task_ctx.clone();
+            let tracker = tracker_for_tasks.clone();
             handles.push(tokio::spawn(async move {
+                let _guard = tracker.as_ref().map(|t| t.track_task());
                 let mut stream = exec
                     .execute(partition, ctx)
                     .map_err(|e| -> Error { e.into() })?;
@@ -2290,6 +2352,12 @@ impl BaseTable for NativeTable {
         Ok(dataset.prewarm_index(index_name).await?)
     }
 
+    async fn prewarm_data(&self, _columns: Option<Vec<String>>) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(Error::NotSupported {
+            message: "prewarm_data is currently only supported on remote tables.".into(),
+        })
+    }
+
     async fn update(&self, update: UpdateBuilder) -> Result<UpdateResult> {
         // Delegate to the submodule implementation
         update::execute_update(self, update).await

rust/lancedb/src/table/add_data.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ use crate::embeddings::EmbeddingRegistry;
 use crate::table::datafusion::cast::cast_to_table_schema;
 use crate::table::datafusion::reject_nan::reject_nan_vectors;
 use crate::table::datafusion::scannable_exec::ScannableExec;
+use crate::table::write_progress::ProgressCallback;
+use crate::table::write_progress::WriteProgress;
+use crate::table::write_progress::WriteProgressTracker;
 use crate::{Error, Result};
 
 use super::{BaseTable, TableDefinition, WriteOptions};
@@ -52,6 +55,8 @@ pub struct AddDataBuilder {
     pub(crate) write_options: WriteOptions,
     pub(crate) on_nan_vectors: NaNVectorBehavior,
     pub(crate) embedding_registry: Option<Arc<dyn EmbeddingRegistry>>,
+    pub(crate) progress_callback: Option<ProgressCallback>,
+    pub(crate) write_parallelism: Option<usize>,
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for AddDataBuilder {
@@ -77,6 +82,8 @@ impl AddDataBuilder {
             write_options: WriteOptions::default(),
             on_nan_vectors: NaNVectorBehavior::default(),
             embedding_registry,
+            progress_callback: None,
+            write_parallelism: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -101,7 +108,43 @@ impl AddDataBuilder {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Set a callback to receive progress updates during the add operation.
+    ///
+    /// The callback is invoked once per batch written, and once more with
+    /// [`WriteProgress::done`] set to `true` when the write completes.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use lancedb::Table;
+    /// # async fn example(table: &Table) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    /// let batch = arrow_array::record_batch!(("id", Int32, [1, 2, 3])).unwrap();
+    /// table.add(batch)
+    ///     .progress(|p| println!("{}/{:?} rows", p.output_rows(), p.total_rows()))
+    ///     .execute()
+    ///     .await?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn progress(mut self, callback: impl FnMut(&WriteProgress) + Send + 'static) -> Self {
+        self.progress_callback = Some(Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(callback)));
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the number of parallel write streams.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the number of streams is estimated from the data size.
+    /// Setting this to `1` disables parallel writes.
+    pub fn write_parallelism(mut self, parallelism: usize) -> Self {
+        self.write_parallelism = Some(parallelism);
+        self
+    }
+
     pub async fn execute(self) -> Result<AddResult> {
+        if self.write_parallelism.map(|p| p == 0).unwrap_or(false) {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidInput {
+                message: "write_parallelism must be greater than 0".to_string(),
+            });
+        }
+
         self.parent.clone().add(self).await
     }
 
@@ -130,8 +173,11 @@ impl AddDataBuilder {
             scannable_with_embeddings(self.data, table_def, self.embedding_registry.as_ref())?;
 
         let rescannable = self.data.rescannable();
+        let tracker = self
+            .progress_callback
+            .map(|cb| Arc::new(WriteProgressTracker::new(cb, self.data.num_rows())));
         let plan: Arc<dyn datafusion_physical_plan::ExecutionPlan> =
-            Arc::new(ScannableExec::new(self.data));
+            Arc::new(ScannableExec::new(self.data, tracker.clone()));
         // Skip casting when overwriting — the input schema replaces the table schema.
         let plan = if overwrite {
             plan
@@ -149,6 +195,7 @@ impl AddDataBuilder {
             rescannable,
             write_options: self.write_options,
             mode: self.mode,
+            tracker,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -161,6 +208,7 @@ pub struct PreprocessingOutput {
     pub rescannable: bool,
     pub write_options: WriteOptions,
     pub mode: AddDataMode,
+    pub tracker: Option<Arc<WriteProgressTracker>>,
 }
 
 /// Check that the input schema is valid for insert.

rust/lancedb/src/table/datafusion/insert.rs

@@ -12,13 +12,16 @@ use datafusion_common::{DataFusionError, Result as DataFusionResult};
 use datafusion_execution::{SendableRecordBatchStream, TaskContext};
 use datafusion_physical_expr::{EquivalenceProperties, Partitioning};
 use datafusion_physical_plan::execution_plan::{Boundedness, EmissionType};
+use datafusion_physical_plan::metrics::{ExecutionPlanMetricsSet, MetricBuilder, MetricsSet};
 use datafusion_physical_plan::stream::RecordBatchStreamAdapter;
 use datafusion_physical_plan::{
     DisplayAs, DisplayFormatType, ExecutionPlan, ExecutionPlanProperties, PlanProperties,
 };
+use futures::TryStreamExt;
 use lance::Dataset;
 use lance::dataset::transaction::{Operation, Transaction};
 use lance::dataset::{CommitBuilder, InsertBuilder, WriteParams};
+use lance::io::exec::utils::InstrumentedRecordBatchStreamAdapter;
 use lance_table::format::Fragment;
 
 use crate::table::dataset::DatasetConsistencyWrapper;
@@ -80,6 +83,7 @@ pub struct InsertExec {
     write_params: WriteParams,
     properties: PlanProperties,
     partial_transactions: Arc<Mutex<Vec<Transaction>>>,
+    metrics: ExecutionPlanMetricsSet,
 }
 
 impl InsertExec {
@@ -105,6 +109,7 @@ impl InsertExec {
             write_params,
             properties,
             partial_transactions: Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::with_capacity(num_partitions))),
+            metrics: ExecutionPlanMetricsSet::new(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -176,6 +181,19 @@ impl ExecutionPlan for InsertExec {
         let total_partitions = self.input.output_partitioning().partition_count();
         let ds_wrapper = self.ds_wrapper.clone();
 
+        let output_bytes = MetricBuilder::new(&self.metrics).output_bytes(partition);
+        let input_schema = input_stream.schema();
+        let input_stream: SendableRecordBatchStream =
+            Box::pin(InstrumentedRecordBatchStreamAdapter::new(
+                input_schema,
+                input_stream.map_ok(move |batch| {
+                    output_bytes.add(batch.get_array_memory_size());
+                    batch
+                }),
+                partition,
+                &self.metrics,
+            ));
+
         let stream = futures::stream::once(async move {
             let transaction = InsertBuilder::new(dataset.clone())
                 .with_params(&write_params)
@@ -215,6 +233,10 @@ impl ExecutionPlan for InsertExec {
             stream,
         )))
     }
+
+    fn metrics(&self) -> Option<MetricsSet> {
+        Some(self.metrics.clone_inner())
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

rust/lancedb/src/table/datafusion/scannable_exec.rs

@@ -7,17 +7,21 @@ use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use datafusion_common::{DataFusionError, Result as DFResult, Statistics, stats::Precision};
 use datafusion_execution::{SendableRecordBatchStream, TaskContext};
 use datafusion_physical_expr::{EquivalenceProperties, Partitioning};
+use datafusion_physical_plan::stream::RecordBatchStreamAdapter;
 use datafusion_physical_plan::{
     DisplayAs, DisplayFormatType, ExecutionPlan, PlanProperties, execution_plan::EmissionType,
 };
+use futures::TryStreamExt;
 
+use crate::table::write_progress::WriteProgressTracker;
 use crate::{arrow::SendableRecordBatchStreamExt, data::scannable::Scannable};
 
-pub struct ScannableExec {
-    // We don't require Scannable to by Sync, so we wrap it in a Mutex to allow safe concurrent access.
+pub(crate) struct ScannableExec {
+    // We don't require Scannable to be Sync, so we wrap it in a Mutex to allow safe concurrent access.
     source: Mutex<Box<dyn Scannable>>,
     num_rows: Option<usize>,
     properties: PlanProperties,
+    tracker: Option<Arc<WriteProgressTracker>>,
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for ScannableExec {
@@ -30,7 +34,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for ScannableExec {
 }
 
 impl ScannableExec {
-    pub fn new(source: Box<dyn Scannable>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(source: Box<dyn Scannable>, tracker: Option<Arc<WriteProgressTracker>>) -> Self {
         let schema = source.schema();
         let eq_properties = EquivalenceProperties::new(schema);
         let properties = PlanProperties::new(
@@ -46,6 +50,7 @@ impl ScannableExec {
             source,
             num_rows,
             properties,
+            tracker,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -102,7 +107,18 @@ impl ExecutionPlan for ScannableExec {
             Err(poison) => poison.into_inner().scan_as_stream(),
         };
 
-        Ok(stream.into_df_stream())
+        let tracker = self.tracker.clone();
+        let stream = stream.into_df_stream().map_ok(move |batch| {
+            if let Some(ref t) = tracker {
+                t.record_batch(batch.num_rows(), batch.get_array_memory_size());
+            }
+            batch
+        });
+
+        Ok(Box::pin(RecordBatchStreamAdapter::new(
+            self.schema(),
+            stream,
+        )))
     }
 
     fn partition_statistics(&self, _partition: Option<usize>) -> DFResult<Statistics> {

rust/lancedb/src/table/optimize.rs

@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ pub enum OptimizeAction {
         older_than: Option<Duration>,
         /// Because they may be part of an in-progress transaction, files newer than 7 days old are not deleted by default.
         /// If you are sure that there are no in-progress transactions, then you can set this to True to delete all files older than `older_than`.
+        ///
+        /// **WARNING**: This should only be set to true if you can guarantee that no other process is
+        /// currently working on this dataset.  Otherwise the dataset could be put into a corrupted state.
         delete_unverified: Option<bool>,
         /// If true, an error will be returned if there are any old versions that are still tagged.
         error_if_tagged_old_versions: Option<bool>,
@@ -117,6 +120,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn optimize_indices(table: &NativeTable, options: &OptimizeOpti
 ///   If you are sure that there are no in-progress transactions, then you
 ///   can set this to True to delete all files older than `older_than`.
 ///
+///   **WARNING**: This should only be set to true if you can guarantee that
+///   no other process is currently working on this dataset.  Otherwise the
+///   dataset could be put into a corrupted state.
+///
 /// This calls into [lance::dataset::Dataset::cleanup_old_versions] and
 /// returns the result.
 pub(crate) async fn cleanup_old_versions(

rust/lancedb/src/table/query.rs

@@ -186,6 +186,13 @@ pub async fn create_plan(
         Select::Dynamic(ref select_with_transform) => {
             scanner.project_with_transform(select_with_transform.as_slice())?;
         }
+        Select::Expr(ref expr_pairs) => {
+            let sql_pairs: crate::Result<Vec<(String, String)>> = expr_pairs
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(name, expr)| expr_to_sql_string(expr).map(|sql| (name.clone(), sql)))
+                .collect();
+            scanner.project_with_transform(sql_pairs?.as_slice())?;
+        }
         Select::All => {}
     }
 
@@ -340,6 +347,17 @@ fn convert_to_namespace_query(query: &AnyQuery) -> Result<NsQueryTableRequest> {
                                 .to_string(),
                     });
                 }
+                Select::Expr(pairs) => {
+                    let sql_pairs: crate::Result<Vec<(String, String)>> = pairs
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|(name, expr)| expr_to_sql_string(expr).map(|sql| (name.clone(), sql)))
+                        .collect();
+                    let sql_pairs = sql_pairs?;
+                    Some(Box::new(QueryTableRequestColumns {
+                        column_names: None,
+                        column_aliases: Some(sql_pairs.into_iter().collect()),
+                    }))
+                }
             };
 
             // Check for unsupported features
@@ -411,6 +429,17 @@ fn convert_to_namespace_query(query: &AnyQuery) -> Result<NsQueryTableRequest> {
                             .to_string(),
                     });
                 }
+                Select::Expr(pairs) => {
+                    let sql_pairs: crate::Result<Vec<(String, String)>> = pairs
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|(name, expr)| expr_to_sql_string(expr).map(|sql| (name.clone(), sql)))
+                        .collect();
+                    let sql_pairs = sql_pairs?;
+                    Some(Box::new(QueryTableRequestColumns {
+                        column_names: None,
+                        column_aliases: Some(sql_pairs.into_iter().collect()),
+                    }))
+                }
             };
 
             // Handle full text search if present

rust/lancedb/src/table/write_progress.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
+
+//! Progress monitoring for write operations.
+//!
+//! You can add a callback to process progress in [`crate::table::AddDataBuilder::progress`].
+//! [`WriteProgress`] is the struct passed to the callback.
+
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+/// Progress snapshot for a write operation.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct WriteProgress {
+    // These are private and only accessible via getters, to make it easy to add
+    // new fields without breaking existing callbacks.
+    elapsed: Duration,
+    output_rows: usize,
+    output_bytes: usize,
+    total_rows: Option<usize>,
+    active_tasks: usize,
+    total_tasks: usize,
+    done: bool,
+}
+
+impl WriteProgress {
+    /// Wall-clock time since monitoring started.
+    pub fn elapsed(&self) -> Duration {
+        self.elapsed
+    }
+
+    /// Number of rows written so far.
+    pub fn output_rows(&self) -> usize {
+        self.output_rows
+    }
+
+    /// Number of bytes written so far.
+    pub fn output_bytes(&self) -> usize {
+        self.output_bytes
+    }
+
+    /// Total rows expected.
+    ///
+    /// Populated when the input source reports a row count (e.g. a
+    /// [`arrow_array::RecordBatch`]).  Always `Some` when [`WriteProgress::done`]
+    /// is `true` — falling back to the actual number of rows written.
+    pub fn total_rows(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.total_rows
+    }
+
+    /// Number of parallel write tasks currently in flight.
+    pub fn active_tasks(&self) -> usize {
+        self.active_tasks
+    }
+
+    /// Total number of parallel write tasks (i.e. the write parallelism).
+    pub fn total_tasks(&self) -> usize {
+        self.total_tasks
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the write operation has completed.
+    ///
+    /// The final callback always has `done = true`.  Callers can use this to
+    /// finalize progress bars or perform cleanup.
+    pub fn done(&self) -> bool {
+        self.done
+    }
+}
+
+/// Callback type for progress updates.
+///
+/// Callbacks are serialized by the tracker and are never invoked reentrantly,
+/// so `FnMut` is safe to use here.
+pub type ProgressCallback = Arc<Mutex<dyn FnMut(&WriteProgress) + Send>>;
+
+/// Tracks progress of a write operation and invokes a [`ProgressCallback`].
+///
+/// Call [`WriteProgressTracker::record_batch`] for each batch written.
+/// Call [`WriteProgressTracker::finish`] once after all data is written.
+///
+/// The callback is never invoked reentrantly: all state updates and callback
+/// invocations are serialized behind a single lock.
+impl std::fmt::Debug for WriteProgressTracker {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("WriteProgressTracker")
+            .field("total_rows", &self.total_rows)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct WriteProgressTracker {
+    rows_and_bytes: std::sync::Mutex<(usize, usize)>,
+    /// Wire bytes tracked separately by the insert layer. When set (> 0),
+    /// this takes precedence over the in-memory bytes from `rows_and_bytes`.
+    wire_bytes: AtomicUsize,
+    active_tasks: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
+    total_tasks: AtomicUsize,
+    start: Instant,
+    /// Known total rows from the input source, if available.
+    total_rows: Option<usize>,
+    callback: ProgressCallback,
+}
+
+impl WriteProgressTracker {
+    pub fn new(callback: ProgressCallback, total_rows: Option<usize>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            rows_and_bytes: std::sync::Mutex::new((0, 0)),
+            wire_bytes: AtomicUsize::new(0),
+            active_tasks: Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0)),
+            total_tasks: AtomicUsize::new(1),
+            start: Instant::now(),
+            total_rows,
+            callback,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set the total number of parallel write tasks (the write parallelism).
+    pub fn set_total_tasks(&self, n: usize) {
+        self.total_tasks.store(n, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+
+    /// Increment the active task count. Returns a guard that decrements on drop.
+    pub fn track_task(&self) -> ActiveTaskGuard {
+        self.active_tasks.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        ActiveTaskGuard(self.active_tasks.clone())
+    }
+
+    /// Record a batch of rows passing through the scan node.
+    pub fn record_batch(&self, rows: usize, bytes: usize) {
+        // Lock order: callback first, then rows_and_bytes. This is the only
+        // order used anywhere, so deadlocks cannot occur.
+        let mut cb = self.callback.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut guard = self.rows_and_bytes.lock().unwrap();
+        guard.0 += rows;
+        guard.1 += bytes;
+        let progress = self.snapshot(guard.0, guard.1, false);
+        drop(guard);
+        cb(&progress);
+    }
+
+    /// Record wire bytes from the insert layer (e.g. IPC-encoded bytes for
+    /// remote writes). When wire bytes are recorded, they take precedence over
+    /// the in-memory Arrow bytes tracked by [`record_batch`].
+    pub fn record_bytes(&self, bytes: usize) {
+        self.wire_bytes.fetch_add(bytes, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+
+    /// Emit the final progress callback indicating the write is complete.
+    ///
+    /// `total_rows` is always `Some` on the final callback: it uses the known
+    /// total if available, or falls back to the number of rows actually written.
+    pub fn finish(&self) {
+        let mut cb = self.callback.lock().unwrap();
+        let guard = self.rows_and_bytes.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut snap = self.snapshot(guard.0, guard.1, true);
+        snap.total_rows = Some(self.total_rows.unwrap_or(guard.0));
+        drop(guard);
+        cb(&snap);
+    }
+
+    fn snapshot(&self, rows: usize, in_memory_bytes: usize, done: bool) -> WriteProgress {
+        let wire = self.wire_bytes.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+        // Prefer wire bytes (actual I/O size) when the insert layer is
+        // tracking them; fall back to in-memory Arrow size otherwise.
+        // TODO: for local writes, track actual bytes written by Lance
+        // instead of using in-memory Arrow size as a proxy.
+        let output_bytes = if wire > 0 { wire } else { in_memory_bytes };
+        WriteProgress {
+            elapsed: self.start.elapsed(),
+            output_rows: rows,
+            output_bytes,
+            total_rows: self.total_rows,
+            active_tasks: self.active_tasks.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+            total_tasks: self.total_tasks.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+            done,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// RAII guard that decrements the active task count when dropped.
+pub(crate) struct ActiveTaskGuard(Arc<AtomicUsize>);
+
+impl Drop for ActiveTaskGuard {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.0.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+}
+
+/// RAII guard that calls [`WriteProgressTracker::finish`] on drop.
+///
+/// This ensures the final `done=true` callback fires even if the write
+/// errors or the future is cancelled.
+pub(crate) struct FinishOnDrop(pub Option<Arc<WriteProgressTracker>>);
+
+impl Drop for FinishOnDrop {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(t) = self.0.take() {
+            t.finish();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+
+    use arrow_array::record_batch;
+
+    use crate::connect;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_progress_monitor_fires_callback() {
+        let db = connect("memory://").execute().await.unwrap();
+
+        let batch = record_batch!(("id", Int32, [1, 2, 3])).unwrap();
+        let table = db
+            .create_table("progress_test", batch)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let callback_count = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+        let last_rows = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+        let max_active = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+        let last_total_tasks = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+        let cb_count = callback_count.clone();
+        let cb_rows = last_rows.clone();
+        let cb_active = max_active.clone();
+        let cb_total_tasks = last_total_tasks.clone();
+
+        let new_data = record_batch!(("id", Int32, [4, 5, 6])).unwrap();
+        table
+            .add(new_data)
+            .progress(move |p| {
+                cb_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+                cb_rows.store(p.output_rows(), Ordering::SeqCst);
+                cb_active.fetch_max(p.active_tasks(), Ordering::SeqCst);
+                cb_total_tasks.store(p.total_tasks(), Ordering::SeqCst);
+            })
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(table.count_rows(None).await.unwrap(), 6);
+        assert!(callback_count.load(Ordering::SeqCst) >= 1);
+        // Progress tracks the newly inserted rows, not the total table size.
+        assert_eq!(last_rows.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 3);
+        // At least one callback should have seen an active task.
+        assert!(max_active.load(Ordering::SeqCst) >= 1);
+        // total_tasks should reflect the write parallelism.
+        assert!(last_total_tasks.load(Ordering::SeqCst) >= 1);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_progress_done_fires_at_end() {
+        let db = connect("memory://").execute().await.unwrap();
+        let batch = record_batch!(("id", Int32, [1, 2, 3])).unwrap();
+        let table = db
+            .create_table("progress_done", batch)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let seen_done = Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(Vec::<bool>::new()));
+        let seen = seen_done.clone();
+
+        let new_data = record_batch!(("id", Int32, [4, 5, 6])).unwrap();
+        table
+            .add(new_data)
+            .progress(move |p| {
+                seen.lock().unwrap().push(p.done());
+            })
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let done_flags = seen_done.lock().unwrap();
+        assert!(!done_flags.is_empty(), "at least one callback must fire");
+        // Only the last callback should have done=true.
+        let last = *done_flags.last().unwrap();
+        assert!(last, "last callback must have done=true");
+        // All earlier callbacks should have done=false.
+        for &d in done_flags.iter().rev().skip(1) {
+            assert!(!d, "non-final callbacks must have done=false");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_progress_total_rows_known() {
+        let db = connect("memory://").execute().await.unwrap();
+
+        let batch = record_batch!(("id", Int32, [1, 2, 3])).unwrap();
+        let table = db
+            .create_table("total_known", batch)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let seen_total = Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+        let seen = seen_total.clone();
+
+        // RecordBatch implements Scannable with num_rows() -> Some(3)
+        let new_data = record_batch!(("id", Int32, [4, 5, 6])).unwrap();
+        table
+            .add(new_data)
+            .progress(move |p| {
+                seen.lock().unwrap().push(p.total_rows());
+            })
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let totals = seen_total.lock().unwrap();
+        // All callbacks (including done) should have total_rows = Some(3)
+        assert!(
+            totals.contains(&Some(3)),
+            "expected total_rows=Some(3) in at least one callback, got: {:?}",
+            *totals
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_progress_total_rows_unknown() {
+        use arrow_array::RecordBatchIterator;
+
+        let db = connect("memory://").execute().await.unwrap();
+
+        let batch = record_batch!(("id", Int32, [1, 2, 3])).unwrap();
+        let table = db
+            .create_table("total_unknown", batch)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let seen_total = Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+        let seen = seen_total.clone();
+
+        // RecordBatchReader does not provide num_rows, so total_rows should be
+        // None in intermediate callbacks but always Some on the done callback.
+        let schema = arrow_schema::Schema::new(vec![arrow_schema::Field::new(
+            "id",
+            arrow_schema::DataType::Int32,
+            false,
+        )]);
+        let new_data: Box<dyn arrow_array::RecordBatchReader + Send> =
+            Box::new(RecordBatchIterator::new(
+                vec![Ok(record_batch!(("id", Int32, [4, 5, 6])).unwrap())],
+                Arc::new(schema),
+            ));
+        table
+            .add(new_data)
+            .progress(move |p| {
+                seen.lock().unwrap().push((p.total_rows(), p.done()));
+            })
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let entries = seen_total.lock().unwrap();
+        assert!(!entries.is_empty(), "at least one callback must fire");
+        for (total, done) in entries.iter() {
+            if *done {
+                assert!(
+                    total.is_some(),
+                    "done callback must have total_rows set, got: {:?}",
+                    total
+                );
+            } else {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    *total, None,
+                    "intermediate callback must have total_rows=None, got: {:?}",
+                    total
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}