update

feat(python): add public Permutation.fetch(indices) API
Adds a public method that mirrors __getitems__ for batch index access, so users do not have to call a dunder directly when implementing custom torch datasets. Closes lancedb/lancedb#3243
2026-08-29 17:38:31 +00:00 · 2026-05-05 13:07:32 +05:30 · 2026-04-29 22:13:42 +05:30 · 2026-04-29 09:22:06 -07:00 · 2026-04-28 13:29:26 +00:00 · 2026-04-28 13:29:00 +00:00
99 changed files with 5351 additions and 3141 deletions
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tool.bumpversion]
-current_version = "0.27.2-beta.1"
+current_version = "0.28.0-beta.10"
 parse = """(?x)
    (?P<major>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
    (?P<minor>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ body:
      label: Link
      description: >
        Provide a link to the existing documentation, if applicable.
-      placeholder: ex. https://lancedb.com/docs/tables/...
+      placeholder: ex. https://docs.lancedb.com/tables/...
    validations:
      required: false
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+version: 2
+
+# Scope: the root Cargo workspace, which produces the Rust binaries we
+# ship to users (the Node.js and Python native extensions). The
+# `rust/lancedb` library crate shares the same lockfile; its consumers
+# pick their own dependency versions, but bumping transitive deps here
+# keeps the binaries we ship current.
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: cargo
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      interval: weekly
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 10
+    groups:
+      rust-minor-patch:
+        update-types:
+          - minor
+          - patch
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
  labeler:
    permissions:
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ on:
    paths:
      - .github/workflows/java-publish.yml

+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
  publish:
    name: Build and Publish
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ on:
      - java/**
      - .github/workflows/java.yml

+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
  build-java:
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ on:
      - nodejs/**
      - java/**
      - .github/workflows/license-header-check.yml
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
  check-licenses:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -8,12 +8,16 @@ on:
    paths:
      - Cargo.toml
      - Cargo.lock
+      - rust-toolchain.toml
      - nodejs/**
      - rust/**
      - docs/src/js/**
      - .github/workflows/nodejs.yml
      - docker-compose.yml

+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -14,10 +14,16 @@ on:
 env:
  PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL: "https://pypi.fury.io/lance-format/ https://pypi.fury.io/lancedb/"

+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
  linux:
    name: Python ${{ matrix.config.platform }} manylinux${{ matrix.config.manylinux }}
    timeout-minutes: 60
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write
+      contents: read
    strategy:
      matrix:
        config:
@@ -57,10 +63,12 @@ jobs:
      - uses: ./.github/workflows/upload_wheel
        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/python-v')
        with:
-          pypi_token: ${{ secrets.LANCEDB_PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
          fury_token: ${{ secrets.FURY_TOKEN }}
  mac:
    timeout-minutes: 90
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write
+      contents: read
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.runner }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
@@ -85,10 +93,12 @@ jobs:
      - uses: ./.github/workflows/upload_wheel
        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/python-v')
        with:
-          pypi_token: ${{ secrets.LANCEDB_PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
          fury_token: ${{ secrets.FURY_TOKEN }}
  windows:
    timeout-minutes: 60
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write
+      contents: read
    runs-on: windows-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -107,7 +117,6 @@ jobs:
      - uses: ./.github/workflows/upload_wheel
        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/python-v')
        with:
-          pypi_token: ${{ secrets.LANCEDB_PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
          fury_token: ${{ secrets.FURY_TOKEN }}
  gh-release:
    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/python-v')
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ on:
    paths:
      - Cargo.toml
      - Cargo.lock
+      - rust-toolchain.toml
      - python/**
      - rust/**
      - .github/workflows/python.yml
@@ -16,6 +17,9 @@ on:
      - .github/workflows/build_windows_wheel/**
      - .github/workflows/run_tests/**

+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -107,7 +111,6 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install
        run: |
          pip install --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lance-format/ --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lancedb/ -e .[tests,dev,embeddings]
-          pip install tantivy
          pip install mlx
      - name: Doctest
        run: pytest --doctest-modules python/lancedb
@@ -226,6 +229,5 @@ jobs:
          pip install "pydantic<2"
          pip install pyarrow==16
          pip install --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lance-format/ --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lancedb/ -e .[tests]
-          pip install tantivy
      - name: Run tests
        run: pytest -m "not slow and not s3_test" -x -v --durations=30 python/tests
@@ -8,9 +8,16 @@ on:
    paths:
      - Cargo.toml
      - Cargo.lock
+      - rust-toolchain.toml
+      - deny.toml
      - rust/**
+      - nodejs/Cargo.toml
+      - python/Cargo.toml
      - .github/workflows/rust.yml

+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -52,6 +59,17 @@ jobs:
      - name: Run clippy (without remote feature)
        run: cargo clippy --profile ci --workspace --tests -- -D warnings

+  deny:
+    # Supply-chain checks: advisories, licenses, banned crates, and source
+    # restrictions. Configuration lives in `deny.toml` at the workspace root.
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@v2
+        with:
+          command: check advisories bans licenses sources
+
  build-no-lock:
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    timeout-minutes: 30
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ name: Update package-lock.json
 on:
  workflow_dispatch:

+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
  publish:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ name: Update NodeJs package-lock.json
 on:
  workflow_dispatch:

+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
  publish:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@ name: upload-wheel

 description: "Upload wheels to Pypi"
 inputs:
-  pypi_token:
-    required: true
-    description: "release token for the repo"
  fury_token:
    required: true
    description: "release token for the fury repo"
@@ -12,12 +9,6 @@ inputs:
 runs:
  using: "composite"
  steps:
-  - name: Install dependencies
-    shell: bash
-    run: |
-      python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-      pip install twine
-      python3 -m pip install --upgrade pkginfo
  - name: Choose repo
    shell: bash
    id: choose_repo
@@ -27,19 +18,17 @@ runs:
      else
        echo "repo=pypi" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
      fi
-  - name: Publish to PyPI
+  - name: Publish to Fury
+    if: steps.choose_repo.outputs.repo == 'fury'
    shell: bash
    env:
      FURY_TOKEN: ${{ inputs.fury_token }}
-      PYPI_TOKEN: ${{ inputs.pypi_token }}
    run: |
-      if [[ ${{ steps.choose_repo.outputs.repo }} == fury ]]; then
-        WHEEL=$(ls target/wheels/lancedb-*.whl 2> /dev/null | head -n 1)
-        echo "Uploading $WHEEL to Fury"
-        curl -f -F package=@$WHEEL https://$FURY_TOKEN@push.fury.io/lancedb/
-      else
-        twine upload --repository ${{ steps.choose_repo.outputs.repo }} \
-          --username __token__ \
-          --password $PYPI_TOKEN \
-          target/wheels/lancedb-*.whl
-      fi
+      WHEEL=$(ls target/wheels/lancedb-*.whl 2> /dev/null | head -n 1)
+      echo "Uploading $WHEEL to Fury"
+      curl -f -F package=@$WHEEL https://$FURY_TOKEN@push.fury.io/lancedb/
+  - name: Publish to PyPI
+    if: steps.choose_repo.outputs.repo == 'pypi'
+    uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+    with:
+      packages-dir: target/wheels/
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 [workspace]
 members = ["rust/lancedb", "nodejs", "python"]
-# Python package needs to be built by maturin.
-exclude = ["python"]
 resolver = "2"

 [workspace.package]
@@ -15,20 +13,20 @@ categories = ["database-implementations"]
 rust-version = "1.91.0"

 [workspace.dependencies]
-lance = { version = "=4.0.0", default-features = false }
-lance-core = { version = "=4.0.0" }
-lance-datagen = { version = "=4.0.0" }
-lance-file = { version = "=4.0.0" }
-lance-io = { version = "=4.0.0", default-features = false }
-lance-index = { version = "=4.0.0" }
-lance-linalg = { version = "=4.0.0" }
-lance-namespace = { version = "=4.0.0" }
-lance-namespace-impls = { version = "=4.0.0", default-features = false }
-lance-table = { version = "=4.0.0" }
-lance-testing = { version = "=4.0.0" }
-lance-datafusion = { version = "=4.0.0" }
-lance-encoding = { version = "=4.0.0" }
-lance-arrow = { version = "=4.0.0" }
+lance = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", default-features = false, "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-core = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-datagen = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-file = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-io = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", default-features = false, "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-index = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-linalg = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace-impls = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", default-features = false, "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-table = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-testing = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-encoding = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-arrow = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
 ahash = "0.8"
 # Note that this one does not include pyarrow
 arrow = { version = "57.2", optional = false }
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@

 # **The Multimodal AI Lakehouse**

-[**How to Install** ](#how-to-install) ✦ [**Detailed Documentation**](https://lancedb.com/docs) ✦ [**Tutorials and Recipes**](https://github.com/lancedb/vectordb-recipes/tree/main) ✦  [**Contributors**](#contributors) 
+[**How to Install** ](#how-to-install) ✦ [**Detailed Documentation**](https://docs.lancedb.com) ✦ [**Tutorials and Recipes**](https://github.com/lancedb/vectordb-recipes/tree/main) ✦  [**Contributors**](#contributors) 

 **The ultimate multimodal data platform for AI/ML applications.** 

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ LanceDB is a central location where developers can build, train and analyze thei

 ## **How to Install**:

-Follow the [Quickstart](https://lancedb.com/docs/quickstart/) doc to set up LanceDB locally. 
+Follow the [Quickstart](https://docs.lancedb.com/quickstart) doc to set up LanceDB locally. 

 **API & SDK:** We also support Python, Typescript and Rust SDKs

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+# cargo-deny configuration for LanceDB.
+#
+# Run locally with `cargo deny check`. See
+# https://embarkstudios.github.io/cargo-deny/ for the full reference.
+
+# The set of target triples we care about. cargo-deny will only consider
+# dependencies that are used on at least one of these targets. Keeping this
+# explicit avoids noise from platform-specific crates (e.g. wasm, android,
+# ios) that we never actually ship.
+[graph]
+targets = [
+    "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+    "x86_64-apple-darwin",
+    "aarch64-apple-darwin",
+    "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
+    "aarch64-pc-windows-msvc",
+]
+all-features = true
+
+[output]
+feature-depth = 1
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Advisories: security vulnerabilities and yanked crates.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[advisories]
+version = 2
+# Fail the check if any crate in the lockfile has been yanked from crates.io.
+# Yanked crates are a signal the author retracted the release (often due to
+# bugs or security issues) and should not be depended on.
+yanked = "deny"
+# Advisory IDs we have explicitly reviewed and chosen to accept. Every
+# entry must include a rationale and, where possible, an upstream issue
+# pointing to a fix. Revisit this list whenever dependencies are updated.
+ignore = [
+    # rsa: Marvin Attack timing side-channel in PKCS#1 v1.5 decryption.
+    # Reached only through opendal → reqsign → rsa. We do not use RSA
+    # decryption in LanceDB ourselves; this is dormant in the signing path.
+    # No fixed release exists upstream as of this writing.
+    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2023-0071
+    { id = "RUSTSEC-2023-0071", reason = "rsa crate via opendal/reqsign; no fixed upstream release" },
+
+    # instant: unmaintained. Pulled in via backoff → instant. Upstream
+    # recommends switching to `web-time`; fix has to come from backoff.
+    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2024-0384
+    { id = "RUSTSEC-2024-0384", reason = "transitive via backoff; waiting on backoff replacement" },
+
+    # paste: unmaintained (author archived the repo). Used transitively by
+    # datafusion and the arrow ecosystem; widespread, no drop-in replacement.
+    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2024-0436
+    { id = "RUSTSEC-2024-0436", reason = "transitive via datafusion; awaiting ecosystem migration" },
+
+    # tantivy: segfault on malformed input due to missing bounds check.
+    # Pulled in via lance for full-text search. We only feed tantivy
+    # documents we construct ourselves, not attacker-controlled bytes.
+    # Tracked for a lance dependency bump.
+    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2025-0003
+    { id = "RUSTSEC-2025-0003", reason = "tantivy via lance; inputs are internally produced, not user-supplied bytes" },
+
+    # backoff: unmaintained. Reached only via async-openai. Replacement
+    # requires async-openai to migrate (or us to drop async-openai).
+    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2025-0012
+    { id = "RUSTSEC-2025-0012", reason = "transitive via async-openai; waiting on upstream migration" },
+
+    # number_prefix: unmaintained. Transitive via indicatif → hf-hub.
+    # No security impact, just maintenance status.
+    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2025-0119
+    { id = "RUSTSEC-2025-0119", reason = "transitive via hf-hub/indicatif; cosmetic formatting crate" },
+
+    # rustls-pemfile: unmaintained. Reached from two separate chains:
+    # rustls-native-certs 0.6 (via hyper-rustls 0.24) and object_store 0.12.
+    # Both upstream dependencies need to move before we can drop it.
+    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2025-0134
+    { id = "RUSTSEC-2025-0134", reason = "transitive via rustls-native-certs/object_store; waiting on upstream migration" },
+
+    # rustls-webpki 0.101.7 (old major line): name-constraint checks for
+    # URI / wildcard names. Pulled in only via the legacy rustls 0.21 chain
+    # from aws-smithy-http-client. The 0.103 line we actively use is patched.
+    # Clearing the 0.101 copy requires the aws-sdk chain to migrate off
+    # rustls 0.21.
+    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2026-0098
+    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2026-0099
+    { id = "RUSTSEC-2026-0098", reason = "only affects rustls-webpki 0.101 from legacy aws-smithy/rustls 0.21 chain" },
+    { id = "RUSTSEC-2026-0099", reason = "only affects rustls-webpki 0.101 from legacy aws-smithy/rustls 0.21 chain" },
+
+    # rustls-webpki 0.101.7: reachable panic in CRL parsing. Same legacy
+    # rustls 0.21 chain from aws-smithy-http-client as above. The 0.103 line
+    # we actively use is upgraded to 0.103.13 which contains the fix.
+    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2026-0104
+    { id = "RUSTSEC-2026-0104", reason = "only affects rustls-webpki 0.101 from legacy aws-smithy/rustls 0.21 chain" },
+]
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Licenses: only allow licenses we've reviewed as compatible with Apache-2.0.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[licenses]
+version = 2
+# SPDX identifiers for licenses that are compatible with our Apache-2.0
+# distribution. Additions require legal review.
+allow = [
+    "Apache-2.0",
+    "Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception",
+    "MIT",
+    "BSD-2-Clause",
+    "BSD-3-Clause",
+    "ISC",
+    "Unicode-3.0",
+    "Unicode-DFS-2016",
+    "Zlib",
+    "CC0-1.0",
+    "MPL-2.0",
+    "BSL-1.0",
+    "OpenSSL",
+    # 0BSD ("BSD Zero Clause") is effectively public domain — no attribution
+    # required. Pulled in by `mock_instant`.
+    "0BSD",
+    # bzip2-1.0.6 is the permissive upstream bzip2 license (BSD-like). Pulled
+    # in by `libbz2-rs-sys`, the pure-Rust bzip2 implementation.
+    "bzip2-1.0.6",
+    # CDLA-Permissive-2.0 is a permissive data license used by `webpki-roots`
+    # for the Mozilla CA root bundle. Data-only, distribution-compatible.
+    "CDLA-Permissive-2.0",
+]
+confidence-threshold = 0.8
+# Crates whose license cannot be determined from Cargo metadata but whose
+# license we've manually confirmed from upstream. Keep this list minimal.
+[[licenses.clarify]]
+# polars-arrow-format omits the `license` field in its Cargo.toml, but the
+# upstream repo (pola-rs/polars-arrow-format) is dual-licensed Apache-2.0 OR
+# MIT. See https://github.com/pola-rs/polars-arrow-format/blob/main/LICENSE
+crate = "polars-arrow-format"
+expression = "Apache-2.0 OR MIT"
+license-files = []
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Bans: disallow specific crates and flag dependency hygiene issues.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[bans]
+# Warn (not deny) on duplicate versions of the same crate. In a large
+# workspace like this one, duplicates are common and often unavoidable
+# transitively. We surface them to discourage growth, but don't fail CI.
+multiple-versions = "warn"
+# Wildcard version requirements (`foo = "*"`) are a footgun — they let any
+# future release in without review. Ban them outright.
+wildcards = "deny"
+# Internal workspace crates reference each other via `path = "..."`, which
+# cargo-deny sees as a wildcard version. That's fine for private workspace
+# members (not published to crates.io), so allow it specifically for paths.
+allow-wildcard-paths = true
+# Features that, if enabled, should cause the check to fail.
+deny = []
+# Crates to skip when checking for duplicate versions.
+skip = []
+# Similar to `skip`, but also skips the entire transitive subtree.
+skip-tree = []
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Sources: restrict where crates can come from.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[sources]
+# Deny any registry other than the ones explicitly listed below.
+unknown-registry = "deny"
+# Deny any git dependency whose host isn't in the allow-list below. This
+# prevents accidental pulls from arbitrary forks.
+unknown-git = "deny"
+allow-registry = ["https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"]
+# Lance is developed in a sibling repo and pulled as a git dependency until
+# releases are cut to crates.io. Allow that specific host.
+allow-git = [
+    "https://github.com/lance-format/lance",
+]
@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ RUN python --version && \
  rustc --version && \
  protoc --version

-RUN pip install --no-cache-dir tantivy lancedb
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir lancedb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # LanceDB Documentation

-LanceDB docs are available at [lancedb.com/docs](https://lancedb.com/docs).
+LanceDB docs are available at [docs.lancedb.com](https://docs.lancedb.com).

 The SDK docs are built and deployed automatically by [Github Actions](../.github/workflows/docs.yml)
 whenever a commit is pushed to the `main` branch. So it is possible for the docs to show
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Add the following dependency to your `pom.xml`:
 <dependency>
    <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
    <artifactId>lancedb-core</artifactId>
-    <version>0.27.2-beta.1</version>
+    <version>0.28.0-beta.10</version>
 </dependency>
 ```

@@ -57,32 +57,32 @@ LanceNamespace namespaceClient = LanceDbNamespaceClientBuilder.newBuilder()

 ## Metadata Operations

-### Creating a Namespace
+### Creating a Namespace Path

-Namespaces organize tables hierarchically. Create a namespace before creating tables within it:
+Namespace paths organize tables hierarchically. Create the desired namespace path before creating tables within it:

 ```java
 import org.lance.namespace.model.CreateNamespaceRequest;
 import org.lance.namespace.model.CreateNamespaceResponse;

-// Create a child namespace
+// Create a child namespace path
 CreateNamespaceRequest request = new CreateNamespaceRequest();
 request.setId(Arrays.asList("my_namespace"));

 CreateNamespaceResponse response = namespaceClient.createNamespace(request);
 ```

-You can also create nested namespaces:
+You can also create nested namespace paths:

 ```java
-// Create a nested namespace: parent/child
+// Create a nested namespace path: parent/child
 CreateNamespaceRequest request = new CreateNamespaceRequest();
 request.setId(Arrays.asList("parent_namespace", "child_namespace"));

 CreateNamespaceResponse response = namespaceClient.createNamespace(request);
 ```

-### Describing a Namespace
+### Describing a Namespace Path

 ```java
 import org.lance.namespace.model.DescribeNamespaceRequest;
@@ -95,22 +95,22 @@ DescribeNamespaceResponse response = namespaceClient.describeNamespace(request);
 System.out.println("Namespace properties: " + response.getProperties());
 ```

-### Listing Namespaces
+### Listing Namespace Paths

 ```java
 import org.lance.namespace.model.ListNamespacesRequest;
 import org.lance.namespace.model.ListNamespacesResponse;

-// List all namespaces at root level
+// List all namespace paths at the root level
 ListNamespacesRequest request = new ListNamespacesRequest();
 request.setId(Arrays.asList());  // Empty for root

 ListNamespacesResponse response = namespaceClient.listNamespaces(request);
 for (String ns : response.getNamespaces()) {
-    System.out.println("Namespace: " + ns);
+    System.out.println("Namespace path: " + ns);
 }

-// List child namespaces under a parent
+// List child namespace paths under a parent path
 ListNamespacesRequest childRequest = new ListNamespacesRequest();
 childRequest.setId(Arrays.asList("parent_namespace"));

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ ListNamespacesResponse childResponse = namespaceClient.listNamespaces(childReque
 import org.lance.namespace.model.ListTablesRequest;
 import org.lance.namespace.model.ListTablesResponse;

-// List tables in a namespace
+// List tables in a namespace path
 ListTablesRequest request = new ListTablesRequest();
 request.setId(Arrays.asList("my_namespace"));

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ for (String table : response.getTables()) {
 }
 ```

-### Dropping a Namespace
+### Dropping a Namespace Path

 ```java
 import org.lance.namespace.model.DropNamespaceRequest;
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ DropTableResponse response = namespaceClient.dropTable(request);

 ### Creating a Table

-Tables are created within a namespace by providing data in Apache Arrow IPC format:
+Tables are created within a namespace path by providing data in Apache Arrow IPC format:

 ```java
 import org.lance.namespace.LanceNamespace;
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ try (BufferAllocator allocator = new RootAllocator();
    }
    byte[] tableData = out.toByteArray();

-    // Create table in a namespace
+    // Create a table in a namespace path
    CreateTableRequest request = new CreateTableRequest();
    request.setId(Arrays.asList("my_namespace", "my_table"));
    CreateTableResponse response = namespaceClient.createTable(request, tableData);
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const results = await table.vectorSearch([0.1, 0.3]).limit(20).toArray();
 console.log(results);
 ```

-The [quickstart](https://lancedb.com/docs/quickstart/basic-usage/) contains more complete examples.
+The [quickstart](https://docs.lancedb.com/quickstart/) contains more complete examples.

 ## Development

@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ sharing the same data, deletion, and index files.
 * **options.sourceVersion?**: `number`
    The version of the source table to clone.

-* **options.targetNamespace?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace for the target table (defaults to root namespace).
+* **options.targetNamespacePath?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace path for the target table (defaults to root namespace).

 #### Returns

@@ -116,13 +116,13 @@ Creates a new empty Table

 `Promise`&lt;[`Table`](Table.md)&gt;

-#### createEmptyTable(name, schema, namespace, options)
+#### createEmptyTable(name, schema, namespacePath, options)

 ```ts
 abstract createEmptyTable(
   name,
   schema,
-   namespace?,
+   namespacePath?,
   options?): Promise<Table>
 ```

@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ Creates a new empty Table
 * **schema**: [`SchemaLike`](../type-aliases/SchemaLike.md)
    The schema of the table

-* **namespace?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
+* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace path to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)

 * **options?**: `Partial`&lt;[`CreateTableOptions`](../interfaces/CreateTableOptions.md)&gt;
    Additional options
@@ -150,10 +150,10 @@ Creates a new empty Table

 ### createTable()

-#### createTable(options, namespace)
+#### createTable(options, namespacePath)

 ```ts
-abstract createTable(options, namespace?): Promise<Table>
+abstract createTable(options, namespacePath?): Promise<Table>
 ```

 Creates a new Table and initialize it with new data.
@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ Creates a new Table and initialize it with new data.
 * **options**: `object` & `Partial`&lt;[`CreateTableOptions`](../interfaces/CreateTableOptions.md)&gt;
    The options object.

-* **namespace?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
+* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace path to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)

 ##### Returns

@@ -197,13 +197,13 @@ Creates a new Table and initialize it with new data.

 `Promise`&lt;[`Table`](Table.md)&gt;

-#### createTable(name, data, namespace, options)
+#### createTable(name, data, namespacePath, options)

 ```ts
 abstract createTable(
   name,
   data,
-   namespace?,
+   namespacePath?,
   options?): Promise<Table>
 ```

@@ -218,8 +218,8 @@ Creates a new Table and initialize it with new data.
    Non-empty Array of Records
    to be inserted into the table

-* **namespace?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
+* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace path to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)

 * **options?**: `Partial`&lt;[`CreateTableOptions`](../interfaces/CreateTableOptions.md)&gt;
    Additional options
@@ -247,15 +247,15 @@ Return a brief description of the connection
 ### dropAllTables()

 ```ts
-abstract dropAllTables(namespace?): Promise<void>
+abstract dropAllTables(namespacePath?): Promise<void>
 ```

 Drop all tables in the database.

 #### Parameters

-* **namespace?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace to drop tables from (defaults to root namespace).
+* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace path to drop tables from (defaults to root namespace).

 #### Returns

@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ Drop all tables in the database.
 ### dropTable()

 ```ts
-abstract dropTable(name, namespace?): Promise<void>
+abstract dropTable(name, namespacePath?): Promise<void>
 ```

 Drop an existing table.
@@ -276,8 +276,8 @@ Drop an existing table.
 * **name**: `string`
    The name of the table to drop.

-* **namespace?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace of the table (defaults to root namespace).
+* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace path of the table (defaults to root namespace).

 #### Returns

@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ Return true if the connection has not been closed
 ```ts
 abstract openTable(
   name,
-   namespace?,
+   namespacePath?,
   options?): Promise<Table>
 ```

@@ -315,8 +315,8 @@ Open a table in the database.
 * **name**: `string`
    The name of the table

-* **namespace?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace of the table (defaults to root namespace)
+* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace path of the table (defaults to root namespace)

 * **options?**: `Partial`&lt;[`OpenTableOptions`](../interfaces/OpenTableOptions.md)&gt;
    Additional options
@@ -349,10 +349,10 @@ Tables will be returned in lexicographical order.

 `Promise`&lt;`string`[]&gt;

-#### tableNames(namespace, options)
+#### tableNames(namespacePath, options)

 ```ts
-abstract tableNames(namespace?, options?): Promise<string[]>
+abstract tableNames(namespacePath?, options?): Promise<string[]>
 ```

 List all the table names in this database.
@@ -361,8 +361,8 @@ Tables will be returned in lexicographical order.

 ##### Parameters

-* **namespace?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace to list tables from (defaults to root namespace)
+* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace path to list tables from (defaults to root namespace)

 * **options?**: `Partial`&lt;[`TableNamesOptions`](../interfaces/TableNamesOptions.md)&gt;
    options to control the
@@ -53,3 +53,18 @@ optional tlsConfig: TlsConfig;
 ```ts
 optional userAgent: string;
 ```
+
+***
+
+### userId?
+
+```ts
+optional userId: string;
+```
+
+User identifier for tracking purposes.
+
+This is sent as the `x-lancedb-user-id` header in requests to LanceDB Cloud/Enterprise.
+It can be set directly, or via the `LANCEDB_USER_ID` environment variable.
+Alternatively, set `LANCEDB_USER_ID_ENV_KEY` to specify another environment
+variable that contains the user ID value.
@@ -41,6 +41,29 @@ for testing purposes.

 ***

+### manifestEnabled?
+
+```ts
+optional manifestEnabled: boolean;
+```
+
+(For LanceDB OSS only): use directory namespace manifests as the source
+of truth for table metadata. Existing directory-listed root tables are
+migrated into the manifest on access.
+
+***
+
+### namespaceClientProperties?
+
+```ts
+optional namespaceClientProperties: Record<string, string>;
+```
+
+(For LanceDB OSS only): extra properties for the backing namespace
+client used by manifest-enabled native connections.
+
+***
+
 ### readConsistencyInterval?

 ```ts
@@ -89,4 +112,4 @@ optional storageOptions: Record<string, string>;

 (For LanceDB OSS only): configuration for object storage.

-The available options are described at https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/
+The available options are described at https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/
@@ -97,4 +97,4 @@ Configuration for object storage.
 Options already set on the connection will be inherited by the table,
 but can be overridden here.

-The available options are described at https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/
+The available options are described at https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/
@@ -42,4 +42,4 @@ Configuration for object storage.
 Options already set on the connection will be inherited by the table,
 but can be overridden here.

-The available options are described at https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/
+The available options are described at https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
    <parent>
      <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
      <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-      <version>0.27.2-beta.1</version>
+      <version>0.28.0-beta.10</version>
      <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@

    <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
    <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-    <version>0.27.2-beta.1</version>
+    <version>0.28.0-beta.10</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <name>${project.artifactId}</name>
    <description>LanceDB Java SDK Parent POM</description>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <arrow.version>15.0.0</arrow.version>
-        <lance-core.version>3.0.1</lance-core.version>
+        <lance-core.version>6.0.0-beta.4</lance-core.version>
        <spotless.skip>false</spotless.skip>
        <spotless.version>2.30.0</spotless.version>
        <spotless.java.googlejavaformat.version>1.7</spotless.java.googlejavaformat.version>
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-nodejs"
 edition.workspace = true
-version = "0.27.2-beta.1"
+version = "0.28.0-beta.10"
+publish = false
 license.workspace = true
 description.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
@@ -31,8 +32,8 @@ lzma-sys = { version = "0.1", features = ["static"] }
 log.workspace = true

 # Pin to resolve build failures; update periodically for security patches.
-aws-lc-sys = "=0.38.0"
-aws-lc-rs = "=1.16.1"
+aws-lc-sys = "=0.40.0"
+aws-lc-rs = "=1.16.3"

 [build-dependencies]
 napi-build = "2.3.1"
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const results = await table.vectorSearch([0.1, 0.3]).limit(20).toArray();
 console.log(results);
 ```

-The [quickstart](https://lancedb.com/docs/quickstart/basic-usage/) contains more complete examples.
+The [quickstart](https://docs.lancedb.com/quickstart/) contains more complete examples.

 ## Development

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors

+import { spawn } from "node:child_process";
+import * as path from "node:path";
 import { RecordBatch } from "apache-arrow";
 import * as tmp from "tmp";
 import { Connection, Index, Table, connect, makeArrowTable } from "../lancedb";
@@ -76,4 +78,91 @@ describe("rerankers", function () {

    expect(result).toHaveLength(2);
  });
+
+  it("does not keep process alive after rerank query", async function () {
+    const script = `
+import * as lancedb from "./dist/index.js";
+import * as os from "node:os";
+import * as path from "node:path";
+import * as fs from "node:fs/promises";
+
+const dir = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "lancedb-rerank-exit-"));
+const db = await lancedb.connect(dir);
+const table = await db.createTable("test", [{ text: "hello", vector: [1, 2, 3] }], {
+  mode: "overwrite",
+});
+await table.createIndex("text", { config: lancedb.Index.fts() });
+await table.waitForIndex(["text_idx"], 30);
+
+const reranker = await lancedb.rerankers.RRFReranker.create();
+await table
+  .query()
+  .nearestTo([1, 2, 3])
+  .fullTextSearch("hello")
+  .rerank(reranker)
+  .toArray();
+
+table.close();
+db.close();
+`;
+
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+      const child = spawn(
+        process.execPath,
+        ["--input-type=module", "-e", script],
+        {
+          cwd: path.resolve(__dirname, ".."),
+          stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"],
+        },
+      );
+
+      let stdout = "";
+      let stderr = "";
+
+      child.stdout.on("data", (chunk) => {
+        stdout += chunk.toString();
+      });
+
+      child.stderr.on("data", (chunk) => {
+        stderr += chunk.toString();
+      });
+
+      const timeout = setTimeout(() => {
+        child.kill();
+        reject(
+          new Error(
+            `child process did not exit in time\nstdout:\n${stdout}\nstderr:\n${stderr}`,
+          ),
+        );
+      }, 20_000);
+
+      child.on("error", (err) => {
+        clearTimeout(timeout);
+        reject(err);
+      });
+
+      child.on("exit", (code, signal) => {
+        clearTimeout(timeout);
+        if (signal !== null) {
+          reject(
+            new Error(
+              `child process exited with signal ${signal}\nstdout:\n${stdout}\nstderr:\n${stderr}`,
+            ),
+          );
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (code !== 0) {
+          reject(
+            new Error(
+              `child process exited with code ${code}\nstdout:\n${stdout}\nstderr:\n${stderr}`,
+            ),
+          );
+          return;
+        }
+
+        resolve();
+      });
+    });
+  });
 });
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ describe.each([arrow15, arrow16, arrow17, arrow18])(
        },
        numIndices: 0,
        numRows: 3,
-        totalBytes: 24,
+        totalBytes: 44,
      });
    });

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ export interface CreateTableOptions {
   * Options already set on the connection will be inherited by the table,
   * but can be overridden here.
   *
-   * The available options are described at https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/
+   * The available options are described at https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/
   */
  storageOptions?: Record<string, string>;

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export interface OpenTableOptions {
   * Options already set on the connection will be inherited by the table,
   * but can be overridden here.
   *
-   * The available options are described at https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/
+   * The available options are described at https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/
   */
  storageOptions?: Record<string, string>;
  /**
@@ -166,25 +166,25 @@ export abstract class Connection {
   * List all the table names in this database.
   *
   * Tables will be returned in lexicographical order.
-   * @param {string[]} namespace - The namespace to list tables from (defaults to root namespace)
+   * @param {string[]} namespacePath - The namespace path to list tables from (defaults to root namespace)
   * @param {Partial<TableNamesOptions>} options - options to control the
   * paging / start point
   *
   */
  abstract tableNames(
-    namespace?: string[],
+    namespacePath?: string[],
    options?: Partial<TableNamesOptions>,
  ): Promise<string[]>;

  /**
   * Open a table in the database.
   * @param {string} name - The name of the table
-   * @param {string[]} namespace - The namespace of the table (defaults to root namespace)
+   * @param {string[]} namespacePath - The namespace path of the table (defaults to root namespace)
   * @param {Partial<OpenTableOptions>} options - Additional options
   */
  abstract openTable(
    name: string,
-    namespace?: string[],
+    namespacePath?: string[],
    options?: Partial<OpenTableOptions>,
  ): Promise<Table>;

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ export abstract class Connection {
   * @param {object} options - The options object.
   * @param {string} options.name - The name of the table.
   * @param {Data} options.data - Non-empty Array of Records to be inserted into the table
-   * @param {string[]} namespace - The namespace to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
+   * @param {string[]} namespacePath - The namespace path to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
   *
   */
  abstract createTable(
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ export abstract class Connection {
      name: string;
      data: Data;
    } & Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
-    namespace?: string[],
+    namespacePath?: string[],
  ): Promise<Table>;
  /**
   * Creates a new Table and initialize it with new data.
@@ -220,13 +220,13 @@ export abstract class Connection {
   * @param {string} name - The name of the table.
   * @param {Record<string, unknown>[] | TableLike} data - Non-empty Array of Records
   * to be inserted into the table
-   * @param {string[]} namespace - The namespace to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
+   * @param {string[]} namespacePath - The namespace path to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
   * @param {Partial<CreateTableOptions>} options - Additional options
   */
  abstract createTable(
    name: string,
    data: Record<string, unknown>[] | TableLike,
-    namespace?: string[],
+    namespacePath?: string[],
    options?: Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
  ): Promise<Table>;

@@ -245,28 +245,28 @@ export abstract class Connection {
   * Creates a new empty Table
   * @param {string} name - The name of the table.
   * @param {Schema} schema - The schema of the table
-   * @param {string[]} namespace - The namespace to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
+   * @param {string[]} namespacePath - The namespace path to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
   * @param {Partial<CreateTableOptions>} options - Additional options
   */
  abstract createEmptyTable(
    name: string,
    schema: import("./arrow").SchemaLike,
-    namespace?: string[],
+    namespacePath?: string[],
    options?: Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
  ): Promise<Table>;

  /**
   * Drop an existing table.
   * @param {string} name The name of the table to drop.
-   * @param {string[]} namespace The namespace of the table (defaults to root namespace).
+   * @param {string[]} namespacePath The namespace path of the table (defaults to root namespace).
   */
-  abstract dropTable(name: string, namespace?: string[]): Promise<void>;
+  abstract dropTable(name: string, namespacePath?: string[]): Promise<void>;

  /**
   * Drop all tables in the database.
-   * @param {string[]} namespace The namespace to drop tables from (defaults to root namespace).
+   * @param {string[]} namespacePath The namespace path to drop tables from (defaults to root namespace).
   */
-  abstract dropAllTables(namespace?: string[]): Promise<void>;
+  abstract dropAllTables(namespacePath?: string[]): Promise<void>;

  /**
   * Clone a table from a source table.
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ export abstract class Connection {
   * @param {string} targetTableName - The name of the target table to create.
   * @param {string} sourceUri - The URI of the source table to clone from.
   * @param {object} options - Clone options.
-   * @param {string[]} options.targetNamespace - The namespace for the target table (defaults to root namespace).
+   * @param {string[]} options.targetNamespacePath - The namespace path for the target table (defaults to root namespace).
   * @param {number} options.sourceVersion - The version of the source table to clone.
   * @param {string} options.sourceTag - The tag of the source table to clone.
   * @param {boolean} options.isShallow - Whether to perform a shallow clone (defaults to true).
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ export abstract class Connection {
    targetTableName: string,
    sourceUri: string,
    options?: {
-      targetNamespace?: string[];
+      targetNamespacePath?: string[];
      sourceVersion?: number;
      sourceTag?: string;
      isShallow?: boolean;
@@ -319,25 +319,25 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
  }

  async tableNames(
-    namespaceOrOptions?: string[] | Partial<TableNamesOptions>,
+    namespacePathOrOptions?: string[] | Partial<TableNamesOptions>,
    options?: Partial<TableNamesOptions>,
  ): Promise<string[]> {
-    // Detect if first argument is namespace array or options object
-    let namespace: string[] | undefined;
+    // Detect if first argument is namespacePath array or options object
+    let namespacePath: string[] | undefined;
    let tableNamesOptions: Partial<TableNamesOptions> | undefined;

-    if (Array.isArray(namespaceOrOptions)) {
-      // First argument is namespace array
-      namespace = namespaceOrOptions;
+    if (Array.isArray(namespacePathOrOptions)) {
+      // First argument is namespacePath array
+      namespacePath = namespacePathOrOptions;
      tableNamesOptions = options;
    } else {
      // First argument is options object (backwards compatibility)
-      namespace = undefined;
-      tableNamesOptions = namespaceOrOptions;
+      namespacePath = undefined;
+      tableNamesOptions = namespacePathOrOptions;
    }

    return this.inner.tableNames(
-      namespace ?? [],
+      namespacePath ?? [],
      tableNamesOptions?.startAfter,
      tableNamesOptions?.limit,
    );
@@ -345,12 +345,12 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {

  async openTable(
    name: string,
-    namespace?: string[],
+    namespacePath?: string[],
    options?: Partial<OpenTableOptions>,
  ): Promise<Table> {
    const innerTable = await this.inner.openTable(
      name,
-      namespace ?? [],
+      namespacePath ?? [],
      cleanseStorageOptions(options?.storageOptions),
      options?.indexCacheSize,
    );
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
    targetTableName: string,
    sourceUri: string,
    options?: {
-      targetNamespace?: string[];
+      targetNamespacePath?: string[];
      sourceVersion?: number;
      sourceTag?: string;
      isShallow?: boolean;
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
    const innerTable = await this.inner.cloneTable(
      targetTableName,
      sourceUri,
-      options?.targetNamespace ?? [],
+      options?.targetNamespacePath ?? [],
      options?.sourceVersion ?? null,
      options?.sourceTag ?? null,
      options?.isShallow ?? true,
@@ -406,42 +406,42 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
    nameOrOptions:
      | string
      | ({ name: string; data: Data } & Partial<CreateTableOptions>),
-    dataOrNamespace?: Record<string, unknown>[] | TableLike | string[],
-    namespaceOrOptions?: string[] | Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
+    dataOrNamespacePath?: Record<string, unknown>[] | TableLike | string[],
+    namespacePathOrOptions?: string[] | Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
    options?: Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
  ): Promise<Table> {
    if (typeof nameOrOptions !== "string" && "name" in nameOrOptions) {
-      // First overload: createTable(options, namespace?)
+      // First overload: createTable(options, namespacePath?)
      const { name, data, ...createOptions } = nameOrOptions;
-      const namespace = dataOrNamespace as string[] | undefined;
-      return this._createTableImpl(name, data, namespace, createOptions);
+      const namespacePath = dataOrNamespacePath as string[] | undefined;
+      return this._createTableImpl(name, data, namespacePath, createOptions);
    }

-    // Second overload: createTable(name, data, namespace?, options?)
+    // Second overload: createTable(name, data, namespacePath?, options?)
    const name = nameOrOptions;
-    const data = dataOrNamespace as Record<string, unknown>[] | TableLike;
+    const data = dataOrNamespacePath as Record<string, unknown>[] | TableLike;

-    // Detect if third argument is namespace array or options object
-    let namespace: string[] | undefined;
+    // Detect if third argument is namespacePath array or options object
+    let namespacePath: string[] | undefined;
    let createOptions: Partial<CreateTableOptions> | undefined;

-    if (Array.isArray(namespaceOrOptions)) {
-      // Third argument is namespace array
-      namespace = namespaceOrOptions;
+    if (Array.isArray(namespacePathOrOptions)) {
+      // Third argument is namespacePath array
+      namespacePath = namespacePathOrOptions;
      createOptions = options;
    } else {
      // Third argument is options object (backwards compatibility)
-      namespace = undefined;
-      createOptions = namespaceOrOptions;
+      namespacePath = undefined;
+      createOptions = namespacePathOrOptions;
    }

-    return this._createTableImpl(name, data, namespace, createOptions);
+    return this._createTableImpl(name, data, namespacePath, createOptions);
  }

  private async _createTableImpl(
    name: string,
    data: Data,
-    namespace?: string[],
+    namespacePath?: string[],
    options?: Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
  ): Promise<Table> {
    if (data === undefined) {
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
      name,
      buf,
      mode,
-      namespace ?? [],
+      namespacePath ?? [],
      storageOptions,
    );

@@ -465,21 +465,21 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
  async createEmptyTable(
    name: string,
    schema: import("./arrow").SchemaLike,
-    namespaceOrOptions?: string[] | Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
+    namespacePathOrOptions?: string[] | Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
    options?: Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
  ): Promise<Table> {
-    // Detect if third argument is namespace array or options object
-    let namespace: string[] | undefined;
+    // Detect if third argument is namespacePath array or options object
+    let namespacePath: string[] | undefined;
    let createOptions: Partial<CreateTableOptions> | undefined;

-    if (Array.isArray(namespaceOrOptions)) {
-      // Third argument is namespace array
-      namespace = namespaceOrOptions;
+    if (Array.isArray(namespacePathOrOptions)) {
+      // Third argument is namespacePath array
+      namespacePath = namespacePathOrOptions;
      createOptions = options;
    } else {
      // Third argument is options object (backwards compatibility)
-      namespace = undefined;
-      createOptions = namespaceOrOptions;
+      namespacePath = undefined;
+      createOptions = namespacePathOrOptions;
    }

    let mode: string = createOptions?.mode ?? "create";
@@ -502,18 +502,18 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
      name,
      buf,
      mode,
-      namespace ?? [],
+      namespacePath ?? [],
      storageOptions,
    );
    return new LocalTable(innerTable);
  }

-  async dropTable(name: string, namespace?: string[]): Promise<void> {
-    return this.inner.dropTable(name, namespace ?? []);
+  async dropTable(name: string, namespacePath?: string[]): Promise<void> {
+    return this.inner.dropTable(name, namespacePath ?? []);
  }

-  async dropAllTables(namespace?: string[]): Promise<void> {
-    return this.inner.dropAllTables(namespace ?? []);
+  async dropAllTables(namespacePath?: string[]): Promise<void> {
+    return this.inner.dropAllTables(namespacePath ?? []);
  }
 }

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-darwin-arm64",
-	"version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
+	"version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
 	"os": ["darwin"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.darwin-arm64.node",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
+	"version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-gnu.node",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-musl",
-	"version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
+	"version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-musl.node",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
+	"version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-gnu.node",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-musl",
-	"version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
+	"version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-musl.node",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-arm64-msvc",
-  "version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
+  "version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
  "os": [
    "win32"
  ],
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-x64-msvc",
-	"version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
+	"version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
 	"os": ["win32"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.win32-x64-msvc.node",
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
  "name": "@lancedb/lancedb",
-  "version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
+  "version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
  "lockfileVersion": 3,
  "requires": true,
  "packages": {
    "": {
      "name": "@lancedb/lancedb",
-      "version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
+      "version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
      "cpu": [
        "x64",
        "arm64"
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
    "ann"
  ],
  "private": false,
-  "version": "0.27.2-beta.1",
+  "version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
  "main": "dist/index.js",
  "exports": {
    ".": "./dist/index.js",
@@ -67,6 +67,12 @@ impl Connection {
                builder = builder.storage_option(key, value);
            }
        }
+        if let Some(manifest_enabled) = options.manifest_enabled {
+            builder = builder.manifest_enabled(manifest_enabled);
+        }
+        if let Some(namespace_client_properties) = options.namespace_client_properties {
+            builder = builder.namespace_client_properties(namespace_client_properties);
+        }

        // Create client config, optionally with header provider
        let client_config = options.client_config.unwrap_or_default();
@@ -119,12 +125,12 @@ impl Connection {
    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
    pub async fn table_names(
        &self,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
        start_after: Option<String>,
        limit: Option<u32>,
    ) -> napi::Result<Vec<String>> {
        let mut op = self.get_inner()?.table_names();
-        op = op.namespace(namespace);
+        op = op.namespace(namespace_path.unwrap_or_default());
        if let Some(start_after) = start_after {
            op = op.start_after(start_after);
        }
@@ -146,7 +152,7 @@ impl Connection {
        name: String,
        buf: Buffer,
        mode: String,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
        storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
    ) -> napi::Result<Table> {
        let batches = ipc_file_to_batches(buf.to_vec())
@@ -154,7 +160,7 @@ impl Connection {
        let mode = Self::parse_create_mode_str(&mode)?;
        let mut builder = self.get_inner()?.create_table(&name, batches).mode(mode);

-        builder = builder.namespace(namespace);
+        builder = builder.namespace(namespace_path.unwrap_or_default());

        if let Some(storage_options) = storage_options {
            for (key, value) in storage_options {
@@ -171,7 +177,7 @@ impl Connection {
        name: String,
        schema_buf: Buffer,
        mode: String,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
        storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
    ) -> napi::Result<Table> {
        let schema = ipc_file_to_schema(schema_buf.to_vec()).map_err(|e| {
@@ -183,7 +189,7 @@ impl Connection {
            .create_empty_table(&name, schema)
            .mode(mode);

-        builder = builder.namespace(namespace);
+        builder = builder.namespace(namespace_path.unwrap_or_default());

        if let Some(storage_options) = storage_options {
            for (key, value) in storage_options {
@@ -198,13 +204,13 @@ impl Connection {
    pub async fn open_table(
        &self,
        name: String,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
        storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
        index_cache_size: Option<u32>,
    ) -> napi::Result<Table> {
        let mut builder = self.get_inner()?.open_table(&name);

-        builder = builder.namespace(namespace);
+        builder = builder.namespace(namespace_path.unwrap_or_default());

        if let Some(storage_options) = storage_options {
            for (key, value) in storage_options {
@@ -223,7 +229,7 @@ impl Connection {
        &self,
        target_table_name: String,
        source_uri: String,
-        target_namespace: Vec<String>,
+        target_namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
        source_version: Option<i64>,
        source_tag: Option<String>,
        is_shallow: bool,
@@ -232,7 +238,7 @@ impl Connection {
            .get_inner()?
            .clone_table(&target_table_name, &source_uri);

-        builder = builder.target_namespace(target_namespace);
+        builder = builder.target_namespace(target_namespace_path.unwrap_or_default());

        if let Some(version) = source_version {
            builder = builder.source_version(version as u64);
@@ -250,18 +256,21 @@ impl Connection {

    /// Drop table with the name. Or raise an error if the table does not exist.
    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
-    pub async fn drop_table(&self, name: String, namespace: Vec<String>) -> napi::Result<()> {
+    pub async fn drop_table(
+        &self,
+        name: String,
+        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    ) -> napi::Result<()> {
+        let ns = namespace_path.unwrap_or_default();
        self.get_inner()?
-            .drop_table(&name, &namespace)
+            .drop_table(&name, &ns)
            .await
            .default_error()
    }

    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
-    pub async fn drop_all_tables(&self, namespace: Vec<String>) -> napi::Result<()> {
-        self.get_inner()?
-            .drop_all_tables(&namespace)
-            .await
-            .default_error()
+    pub async fn drop_all_tables(&self, namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>) -> napi::Result<()> {
+        let ns = namespace_path.unwrap_or_default();
+        self.get_inner()?.drop_all_tables(&ns).await.default_error()
    }
 }
@@ -35,8 +35,15 @@ pub struct ConnectionOptions {
    pub read_consistency_interval: Option<f64>,
    /// (For LanceDB OSS only): configuration for object storage.
    ///
-    /// The available options are described at https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/
+    /// The available options are described at https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/
    pub storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
+    /// (For LanceDB OSS only): use directory namespace manifests as the source
+    /// of truth for table metadata. Existing directory-listed root tables are
+    /// migrated into the manifest on access.
+    pub manifest_enabled: Option<bool>,
+    /// (For LanceDB OSS only): extra properties for the backing namespace
+    /// client used by manifest-enabled native connections.
+    pub namespace_client_properties: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
    /// (For LanceDB OSS only): the session to use for this connection. Holds
    /// shared caches and other session-specific state.
    pub session: Option<session::Session>,
@@ -92,6 +92,13 @@ pub struct ClientConfig {
    pub extra_headers: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
    pub id_delimiter: Option<String>,
    pub tls_config: Option<TlsConfig>,
+    /// User identifier for tracking purposes.
+    ///
+    /// This is sent as the `x-lancedb-user-id` header in requests to LanceDB Cloud/Enterprise.
+    /// It can be set directly, or via the `LANCEDB_USER_ID` environment variable.
+    /// Alternatively, set `LANCEDB_USER_ID_ENV_KEY` to specify another environment
+    /// variable that contains the user ID value.
+    pub user_id: Option<String>,
 }

 impl From<TimeoutConfig> for lancedb::remote::TimeoutConfig {
@@ -145,6 +152,7 @@ impl From<ClientConfig> for lancedb::remote::ClientConfig {
            id_delimiter: config.id_delimiter,
            tls_config: config.tls_config.map(Into::into),
            header_provider: None, // the header provider is set separately later
+            user_id: config.user_id,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ type RerankHybridFn = ThreadsafeFunction<
    RerankHybridCallbackArgs,
    Status,
    false,
+    true,
 >;

 /// Reranker implementation that "wraps" a NodeJS Reranker implementation.
@@ -32,7 +33,10 @@ impl Reranker {
    pub fn new(
        rerank_hybrid: Function<RerankHybridCallbackArgs, Promise<Buffer>>,
    ) -> napi::Result<Self> {
-        let rerank_hybrid = rerank_hybrid.build_threadsafe_function().build()?;
+        let rerank_hybrid = rerank_hybrid
+            .build_threadsafe_function()
+            .weak::<true>()
+            .build()?;
        Ok(Self { rerank_hybrid })
    }
 }
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tool.bumpversion]
-current_version = "0.30.2"
+current_version = "0.31.0-beta.10"
 parse = """(?x)
    (?P<major>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
    (?P<minor>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-python"
-version = "0.30.2"
+version = "0.31.0-beta.10"
+publish = false
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "Python bindings for LanceDB"
 license.workspace = true
@@ -183,7 +183,6 @@
 | stack-data                     | 0.6.3           | MIT License                                                                                      | http://github.com/alexmojaki/stack_data                                                           |
 | sympy                          | 1.14.0          | BSD License                                                                                      | https://sympy.org                                                                                 |
 | tabulate                       | 0.9.0           | MIT License                                                                                      | https://github.com/astanin/python-tabulate                                                        |
-| tantivy                        | 0.25.1          | UNKNOWN                                                                                          | UNKNOWN                                                                                           |
 | threadpoolctl                  | 3.6.0           | BSD License                                                                                      | https://github.com/joblib/threadpoolctl                                                           |
 | timm                           | 1.0.24          | Apache Software License                                                                          | https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-image-models                                               |
 | tinycss2                       | 1.4.0           | BSD License                                                                                      | https://www.courtbouillon.org/tinycss2                                                            |
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ repository = "https://github.com/lancedb/lancedb"

 [project.optional-dependencies]
 pylance = [
-    "pylance>=4.0.0b7",
+    "pylance>=5.0.0b5",
 ]
 tests = [
    "aiohttp>=3.9.0",
@@ -57,9 +57,8 @@ tests = [
    "duckdb>=0.9.0",
    "pytz>=2023.3",
    "polars>=0.19, <=1.3.0",
-    "tantivy>=0.20.0",
    "pyarrow-stubs>=16.0",
-    "pylance>=4.0.0b7",
+    "pylance>=5.0.0b5",
    "requests>=2.31.0",
    "datafusion>=52,<53",
 ]
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ embeddings = [
    "colpali-engine>=0.3.10",
    "huggingface_hub>=0.19.0",
    "InstructorEmbedding>=1.0.1",
-    "google.generativeai>=0.3.0",
+    "google-genai>=1.0.0",
    "boto3>=1.28.57",
    "awscli>=1.44.38",
    "botocore>=1.31.57",
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import importlib.metadata
 import os
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from datetime import timedelta
-from typing import Dict, Optional, Union, Any
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Union, Any, List
 import warnings

 __version__ = importlib.metadata.version("lancedb")
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from ._lancedb import connect as lancedb_connect
 from .common import URI, sanitize_uri
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 from .db import AsyncConnection, DBConnection, LanceDBConnection
-from .io import StorageOptionsProvider
 from .remote import ClientConfig
 from .remote.db import RemoteDBConnection
 from .expr import Expr, col, lit, func
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ def _check_s3_bucket_with_dots(


 def connect(
-    uri: URI,
+    uri: Optional[URI] = None,
    *,
    api_key: Optional[str] = None,
    region: str = "us-east-1",
@@ -74,14 +73,19 @@ def connect(
    client_config: Union[ClientConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
    storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
    session: Optional[Session] = None,
+    manifest_enabled: bool = False,
+    namespace_client_impl: Optional[str] = None,
+    namespace_client_properties: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    namespace_client_pushdown_operations: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    **kwargs: Any,
 ) -> DBConnection:
    """Connect to a LanceDB database.

    Parameters
    ----------
-    uri: str or Path
-        The uri of the database.
+    uri: str or Path, optional
+        The uri of the database. When ``namespace_client_impl`` is provided you may
+        omit ``uri`` and connect through a namespace client instead.
    api_key: str, optional
        If presented, connect to LanceDB cloud.
        Otherwise, connect to a database on file system or cloud storage.
@@ -107,13 +111,29 @@ def connect(
        default configuration is used.
    storage_options: dict, optional
        Additional options for the storage backend. See available options at
-        <https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/>
+        <https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/>
+    manifest_enabled : bool, default False
+        When true for local/native connections, use directory namespace
+        manifests as the source of truth for table metadata. Existing
+        directory-listed root tables are migrated into the manifest on access.
    session: Session, optional
        (For LanceDB OSS only)
        A session to use for this connection. Sessions allow you to configure
        cache sizes for index and metadata caches, which can significantly
        impact memory use and performance. They can also be re-used across
        multiple connections to share the same cache state.
+    namespace_client_impl : str, optional
+        When provided along with ``namespace_client_properties``, ``connect``
+        returns a namespace-backed connection by delegating to
+        :func:`connect_namespace`. The value identifies which namespace
+        implementation to load (e.g., ``"dir"`` or ``"rest"``).
+    namespace_client_properties : dict, optional
+        Configuration to pass to the namespace client implementation. Required
+        when ``namespace_client_impl`` is set.
+    namespace_client_pushdown_operations : list[str], optional
+        Only used when ``namespace_client_properties`` is provided. Forwards to
+        :func:`connect_namespace` to control which operations are executed on the
+        namespace service (e.g., ``["QueryTable", "CreateTable"]``).

    Examples
    --------
@@ -133,11 +153,48 @@ def connect(
    >>> db = lancedb.connect("db://my_database", api_key="ldb_...",
    ...                      client_config={"retry_config": {"retries": 5}})

+    Connect to a namespace-backed database:
+
+    >>> db = lancedb.connect(namespace_client_impl="dir",
+    ...                      namespace_client_properties={"root": "/tmp/ns"})
+
    Returns
    -------
    conn : DBConnection
        A connection to a LanceDB database.
    """
+    if namespace_client_impl is not None:
+        if namespace_client_properties is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "namespace_client_properties must be provided when "
+                "namespace_client_impl is set"
+            )
+        if kwargs:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown keyword arguments: {kwargs}")
+        return connect_namespace(
+            namespace_client_impl,
+            namespace_client_properties,
+            read_consistency_interval=read_consistency_interval,
+            storage_options=storage_options,
+            session=session,
+            namespace_client_pushdown_operations=namespace_client_pushdown_operations,
+        )
+
+    if namespace_client_properties is not None and not manifest_enabled:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "namespace_client_impl must be provided when using "
+            "namespace_client_properties unless manifest_enabled=True"
+        )
+
+    if namespace_client_pushdown_operations is not None:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "namespace_client_pushdown_operations is only valid when "
+            "connecting through a namespace"
+        )
+    if uri is None:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "uri is required when not connecting through a namespace client"
+        )
    if isinstance(uri, str) and uri.startswith("db://"):
        if api_key is None:
            api_key = os.environ.get("LANCEDB_API_KEY")
@@ -166,9 +223,92 @@ def connect(
        read_consistency_interval=read_consistency_interval,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        session=session,
+        manifest_enabled=manifest_enabled,
+        namespace_client_properties=namespace_client_properties,
    )


+WORKER_PROPERTY_PREFIX = "_lancedb_worker_"
+
+
+def _apply_worker_overrides(props: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Apply worker property overrides.
+
+    Any key starting with ``_lancedb_worker_`` is extracted, the prefix
+    is stripped, and the resulting key-value pair is put back into the
+    map (overriding the existing value if present).  The original
+    prefixed key is removed.
+    """
+    worker_keys = [k for k in props if k.startswith(WORKER_PROPERTY_PREFIX)]
+    if not worker_keys:
+        return props
+    result = dict(props)
+    for key in worker_keys:
+        value = result.pop(key)
+        real_key = key[len(WORKER_PROPERTY_PREFIX) :]
+        result[real_key] = value
+    return result
+
+
+def deserialize_conn(
+    data: str,
+    *,
+    for_worker: bool = False,
+) -> DBConnection:
+    """Reconstruct a DBConnection from a serialized string.
+
+    The string must have been produced by
+    :meth:`DBConnection.serialize`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : str
+        String produced by ``serialize()``.
+    for_worker : bool, default False
+        When ``True``, any namespace client property whose key starts
+        with ``_lancedb_worker_`` has that prefix stripped and the
+        value overrides the corresponding property.  For example,
+        ``_lancedb_worker_uri`` replaces ``uri``.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    DBConnection
+        A new connection matching the serialized state.
+    """
+    import json
+
+    parsed = json.loads(data)
+    connection_type = parsed.get("connection_type")
+
+    rci_secs = parsed.get("read_consistency_interval_seconds")
+    rci = timedelta(seconds=rci_secs) if rci_secs is not None else None
+    storage_options = parsed.get("storage_options")
+
+    if connection_type == "namespace":
+        props = dict(parsed.get("namespace_client_properties") or {})
+        if for_worker:
+            props = _apply_worker_overrides(props)
+        return connect_namespace(
+            namespace_client_impl=parsed["namespace_client_impl"],
+            namespace_client_properties=props,
+            read_consistency_interval=rci,
+            storage_options=storage_options,
+            namespace_client_pushdown_operations=parsed.get(
+                "namespace_client_pushdown_operations"
+            ),
+        )
+    elif connection_type == "local":
+        return LanceDBConnection(
+            parsed["uri"],
+            read_consistency_interval=rci,
+            storage_options=storage_options,
+            manifest_enabled=parsed.get("manifest_enabled", False),
+            namespace_client_properties=parsed.get("namespace_client_properties"),
+        )
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown connection_type: {connection_type}")
+
+
 async def connect_async(
    uri: URI,
    *,
@@ -179,6 +319,8 @@ async def connect_async(
    client_config: Optional[Union[ClientConfig, Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
    storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
    session: Optional[Session] = None,
+    manifest_enabled: bool = False,
+    namespace_client_properties: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
 ) -> AsyncConnection:
    """Connect to a LanceDB database.

@@ -211,13 +353,20 @@ async def connect_async(
        default configuration is used.
    storage_options: dict, optional
        Additional options for the storage backend. See available options at
-        <https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/>
+        <https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/>
    session: Session, optional
        (For LanceDB OSS only)
        A session to use for this connection. Sessions allow you to configure
        cache sizes for index and metadata caches, which can significantly
        impact memory use and performance. They can also be re-used across
        multiple connections to share the same cache state.
+    manifest_enabled : bool, default False
+        When true for local/native connections, use directory namespace
+        manifests as the source of truth for table metadata. Existing
+        directory-listed root tables are migrated into the manifest on access.
+    namespace_client_properties : dict, optional
+        Additional directory namespace client properties to use with
+        ``manifest_enabled=True``.

    Examples
    --------
@@ -260,6 +409,8 @@ async def connect_async(
            client_config,
            storage_options,
            session,
+            manifest_enabled,
+            namespace_client_properties,
        )
    )

@@ -284,7 +435,6 @@ __all__ = [
    "LanceNamespaceDBConnection",
    "RemoteDBConnection",
    "Session",
-    "StorageOptionsProvider",
    "Table",
    "__version__",
 ]
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from .index import (
    HnswSq,
    FTS,
 )
-from .io import StorageOptionsProvider
 from lance_namespace import (
    ListNamespacesResponse,
    CreateNamespaceResponse,
@@ -72,35 +71,35 @@ class Connection(object):
    async def close(self): ...
    async def list_namespaces(
        self,
-        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        page_token: Optional[str] = None,
        limit: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> ListNamespacesResponse: ...
    async def create_namespace(
        self,
-        namespace: List[str],
+        namespace_path: List[str],
        mode: Optional[str] = None,
        properties: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
    ) -> CreateNamespaceResponse: ...
    async def drop_namespace(
        self,
-        namespace: List[str],
+        namespace_path: List[str],
        mode: Optional[str] = None,
        behavior: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> DropNamespaceResponse: ...
    async def describe_namespace(
        self,
-        namespace: List[str],
+        namespace_path: List[str],
    ) -> DescribeNamespaceResponse: ...
    async def list_tables(
        self,
-        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        page_token: Optional[str] = None,
        limit: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> ListTablesResponse: ...
    async def table_names(
        self,
-        namespace: Optional[List[str]],
+        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]],
        start_after: Optional[str],
        limit: Optional[int],
    ) -> list[str]: ...  # Deprecated: Use list_tables instead
@@ -109,9 +108,8 @@ class Connection(object):
        name: str,
        mode: str,
        data: pa.RecordBatchReader,
-        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-        storage_options_provider: Optional[StorageOptionsProvider] = None,
        location: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Table: ...
    async def create_empty_table(
@@ -119,17 +117,15 @@ class Connection(object):
        name: str,
        mode: str,
        schema: pa.Schema,
-        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-        storage_options_provider: Optional[StorageOptionsProvider] = None,
        location: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Table: ...
    async def open_table(
        self,
        name: str,
-        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-        storage_options_provider: Optional[StorageOptionsProvider] = None,
        index_cache_size: Optional[int] = None,
        location: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Table: ...
@@ -137,7 +133,7 @@ class Connection(object):
        self,
        target_table_name: str,
        source_uri: str,
-        target_namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        target_namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        source_version: Optional[int] = None,
        source_tag: Optional[str] = None,
        is_shallow: bool = True,
@@ -146,13 +142,18 @@ class Connection(object):
        self,
        cur_name: str,
        new_name: str,
-        cur_namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-        new_namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        cur_namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        new_namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    ) -> None: ...
    async def drop_table(
-        self, name: str, namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None
+        self, name: str, namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None
    ) -> None: ...
-    async def drop_all_tables(self, namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> None: ...
+    async def drop_all_tables(
+        self, namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    ) -> None: ...
+    async def namespace_client_config(
+        self,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]: ...

 class Table:
    def name(self) -> str: ...
@@ -241,6 +242,8 @@ async def connect(
    client_config: Optional[Union[ClientConfig, Dict[str, Any]]],
    storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]],
    session: Optional[Session],
+    manifest_enabled: bool = False,
+    namespace_client_properties: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
 ) -> Connection: ...

 class RecordBatchStream:
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def data_to_reader(
            f"Unknown data type {type(data)}. "
            "Supported types: list of dicts, pandas DataFrame, polars DataFrame, "
            "pyarrow Table/RecordBatch, or Pydantic models. "
-            "See https://lancedb.com/docs/tables/ for examples."
+            "See https://docs.lancedb.com/tables/ for examples."
        )


@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ from .utils import TEXT, api_key_not_found_help
@register("gemini-text")
 class GeminiText(TextEmbeddingFunction):
    """
-    An embedding function that uses the Google's Gemini API. Requires GOOGLE_API_KEY to
+    An embedding function that uses Google's Gemini API. Requires GOOGLE_API_KEY to
    be set.

-    https://ai.google.dev/docs/embeddings_guide
+    https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/embeddings

    Supports various tasks types:
    | Task Type               | Description                                            |
@@ -46,9 +46,12 @@ class GeminiText(TextEmbeddingFunction):

    Parameters
    ----------
-    name: str, default "models/embedding-001"
-        The name of the model to use. See the Gemini documentation for a list of
-        available models.
+    name: str, default "gemini-embedding-001"
+        The name of the model to use. Supported models include:
+        - "gemini-embedding-001" (768 dimensions)
+
+        Note: The legacy "models/embedding-001" format is also supported but
+        "gemini-embedding-001" is recommended.

    query_task_type: str, default "retrieval_query"
        Sets the task type for the queries.
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ class GeminiText(TextEmbeddingFunction):

    """

-    name: str = "models/embedding-001"
+    name: str = "gemini-embedding-001"
    query_task_type: str = "retrieval_query"
    source_task_type: str = "retrieval_document"

@@ -114,23 +117,48 @@ class GeminiText(TextEmbeddingFunction):
        texts: list[str] or np.ndarray (of str)
            The texts to embed
        """
-        if (
-            kwargs.get("task_type") == "retrieval_document"
-        ):  # Provide a title to use existing API design
-            title = "Embedding of a document"
-            kwargs["title"] = title
+        from google.genai import types

-        return [
-            self.client.embed_content(model=self.name, content=text, **kwargs)[
-                "embedding"
-            ]
-            for text in texts
-        ]
+        task_type = kwargs.get("task_type")
+
+        # Build content objects for embed_content
+        contents = []
+        for text in texts:
+            if task_type == "retrieval_document":
+                # Provide a title for retrieval_document task
+                contents.append(
+                    {"parts": [{"text": "Embedding of a document"}, {"text": text}]}
+                )
+            else:
+                contents.append({"parts": [{"text": text}]})
+
+        # Build config
+        config_kwargs = {}
+        if task_type:
+            config_kwargs["task_type"] = task_type.upper()  # API expects uppercase
+
+        # Call embed_content for each content
+        embeddings = []
+        for content in contents:
+            config = (
+                types.EmbedContentConfig(**config_kwargs) if config_kwargs else None
+            )
+            response = self.client.models.embed_content(
+                model=self.name,
+                contents=content,
+                config=config,
+            )
+            embeddings.append(response.embeddings[0].values)
+
+        return embeddings

    @cached_property
    def client(self):
-        genai = attempt_import_or_raise("google.generativeai", "google.generativeai")
+        attempt_import_or_raise("google.genai", "google-genai")

        if not os.environ.get("GOOGLE_API_KEY"):
            api_key_not_found_help("google")
-        return genai
+
+        from google import genai as genai_module
+
+        return genai_module.Client(api_key=os.environ.get("GOOGLE_API_KEY"))
@@ -1,201 +0,0 @@
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
-
-"""Full text search index using tantivy-py"""
-
-import os
-from typing import List, Tuple, Optional
-
-import pyarrow as pa
-
-try:
-    import tantivy
-except ImportError:
-    raise ImportError(
-        "Please install tantivy-py `pip install tantivy` to use the full text search feature."  # noqa: E501
-    )
-
-from .table import LanceTable
-
-
-def create_index(
-    index_path: str,
-    text_fields: List[str],
-    ordering_fields: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-    tokenizer_name: str = "default",
-) -> tantivy.Index:
-    """
-    Create a new Index (not populated)
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    index_path : str
-        Path to the index directory
-    text_fields : List[str]
-        List of text fields to index
-    ordering_fields: List[str]
-        List of unsigned type fields to order by at search time
-    tokenizer_name : str, default "default"
-        The tokenizer to use
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    index : tantivy.Index
-        The index object (not yet populated)
-    """
-    if ordering_fields is None:
-        ordering_fields = []
-    # Declaring our schema.
-    schema_builder = tantivy.SchemaBuilder()
-    # special field that we'll populate with row_id
-    schema_builder.add_integer_field("doc_id", stored=True)
-    # data fields
-    for name in text_fields:
-        schema_builder.add_text_field(name, stored=True, tokenizer_name=tokenizer_name)
-    if ordering_fields:
-        for name in ordering_fields:
-            schema_builder.add_unsigned_field(name, fast=True)
-    schema = schema_builder.build()
-    os.makedirs(index_path, exist_ok=True)
-    index = tantivy.Index(schema, path=index_path)
-    return index
-
-
-def populate_index(
-    index: tantivy.Index,
-    table: LanceTable,
-    fields: List[str],
-    writer_heap_size: Optional[int] = None,
-    ordering_fields: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-) -> int:
-    """
-    Populate an index with data from a LanceTable
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    index : tantivy.Index
-        The index object
-    table : LanceTable
-        The table to index
-    fields : List[str]
-        List of fields to index
-    writer_heap_size : int
-        The writer heap size in bytes, defaults to 1GB
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    int
-        The number of rows indexed
-    """
-    if ordering_fields is None:
-        ordering_fields = []
-    writer_heap_size = writer_heap_size or 1024 * 1024 * 1024
-    # first check the fields exist and are string or large string type
-    nested = []
-
-    for name in fields:
-        try:
-            f = table.schema.field(name)  # raises KeyError if not found
-        except KeyError:
-            f = resolve_path(table.schema, name)
-            nested.append(name)
-
-        if not pa.types.is_string(f.type) and not pa.types.is_large_string(f.type):
-            raise TypeError(f"Field {name} is not a string type")
-
-    # create a tantivy writer
-    writer = index.writer(heap_size=writer_heap_size)
-    # write data into index
-    dataset = table.to_lance()
-    row_id = 0
-
-    max_nested_level = 0
-    if len(nested) > 0:
-        max_nested_level = max([len(name.split(".")) for name in nested])
-
-    for b in dataset.to_batches(columns=fields + ordering_fields):
-        if max_nested_level > 0:
-            b = pa.Table.from_batches([b])
-            for _ in range(max_nested_level - 1):
-                b = b.flatten()
-        for i in range(b.num_rows):
-            doc = tantivy.Document()
-            for name in fields:
-                value = b[name][i].as_py()
-                if value is not None:
-                    doc.add_text(name, value)
-            for name in ordering_fields:
-                value = b[name][i].as_py()
-                if value is not None:
-                    doc.add_unsigned(name, value)
-            if not doc.is_empty:
-                doc.add_integer("doc_id", row_id)
-                writer.add_document(doc)
-            row_id += 1
-    # commit changes
-    writer.commit()
-    return row_id
-
-
-def resolve_path(schema, field_name: str) -> pa.Field:
-    """
-    Resolve a nested field path to a list of field names
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    field_name : str
-        The field name to resolve
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    List[str]
-        The resolved path
-    """
-    path = field_name.split(".")
-    field = schema.field(path.pop(0))
-    for segment in path:
-        if pa.types.is_struct(field.type):
-            field = field.type.field(segment)
-        else:
-            raise KeyError(f"field {field_name} not found in schema {schema}")
-    return field
-
-
-def search_index(
-    index: tantivy.Index, query: str, limit: int = 10, ordering_field=None
-) -> Tuple[Tuple[int], Tuple[float]]:
-    """
-    Search an index for a query
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    index : tantivy.Index
-        The index object
-    query : str
-        The query string
-    limit : int
-        The maximum number of results to return
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    ids_and_score: list[tuple[int], tuple[float]]
-        A tuple of two tuples, the first containing the document ids
-        and the second containing the scores
-    """
-    searcher = index.searcher()
-    query = index.parse_query(query)
-    # get top results
-    if ordering_field:
-        results = searcher.search(query, limit, order_by_field=ordering_field)
-    else:
-        results = searcher.search(query, limit)
-    if results.count == 0:
-        return tuple(), tuple()
-    return tuple(
-        zip(
-            *[
-                (searcher.doc(doc_address)["doc_id"][0], score)
-                for score, doc_address in results.hits
-            ]
-        )
-    )
@@ -2,70 +2,3 @@
 # SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors

 """I/O utilities and interfaces for LanceDB."""
-
-from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Dict
-
-
-class StorageOptionsProvider(ABC):
-    """Abstract base class for providing storage options to LanceDB tables.
-
-    Storage options providers enable automatic credential refresh for cloud
-    storage backends (e.g., AWS S3, Azure Blob Storage, GCS). When credentials
-    have an expiration time, the provider's fetch_storage_options() method will
-    be called periodically to get fresh credentials before they expire.
-
-    Example
-    -------
-    >>> class MyProvider(StorageOptionsProvider):
-    ...     def fetch_storage_options(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
-    ...         # Fetch fresh credentials from your credential manager
-    ...         return {
-    ...             "aws_access_key_id": "...",
-    ...             "aws_secret_access_key": "...",
-    ...             "expires_at_millis": "1234567890000"  # Optional
-    ...         }
-    """
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def fetch_storage_options(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
-        """Fetch fresh storage credentials.
-
-        This method is called by LanceDB when credentials need to be refreshed.
-        If the returned dictionary contains an "expires_at_millis" key with a
-        Unix timestamp in milliseconds, LanceDB will automatically refresh the
-        credentials before that time. If the key is not present, credentials
-        are assumed to not expire.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Dict[str, str]
-            Dictionary containing cloud storage credentials and optionally an
-            expiration time:
-            - "expires_at_millis" (optional): Unix timestamp in milliseconds when
-              credentials expire
-            - Provider-specific credential keys (e.g., aws_access_key_id,
-              aws_secret_access_key, etc.)
-
-        Raises
-        ------
-        RuntimeError
-            If credentials cannot be fetched or are invalid
-        """
-        pass
-
-    def provider_id(self) -> str:
-        """Return a human-readable unique identifier for this provider instance.
-
-        This identifier is used for caching and equality comparison. Two providers
-        with the same ID will share the same cached object store connection.
-
-        The default implementation uses the class name and string representation.
-        Override this method if you need custom identification logic.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        str
-            A unique identifier for this provider instance
-        """
-        return f"{self.__class__.__name__} {{ repr: {str(self)!r} }}"
@@ -284,9 +284,8 @@ class Permutations:
        self.permutation_table = permutation_table

        if permutation_table.schema.metadata is not None:
-            split_names = permutation_table.schema.metadata.get(
-                b"split_names", None
-            ).decode("utf-8")
+            raw = permutation_table.schema.metadata.get(b"split_names")
+            split_names = raw.decode("utf-8") if raw is not None else None
            if split_names is not None:
                self.split_names = json.loads(split_names)
                self.split_dict = {
@@ -460,9 +459,8 @@ class Permutation:
                        f"Cannot create a permutation on split `{split}`"
                        " because no split names are defined in the permutation table"
                    )
-                split_names = permutation_table.schema.metadata.get(
-                    b"split_names", None
-                ).decode("utf-8")
+                raw = permutation_table.schema.metadata.get(b"split_names")
+                split_names = raw.decode("utf-8") if raw is not None else None
                if split_names is None:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"Cannot create a permutation on split `{split}`"
@@ -781,6 +779,24 @@ class Permutation:
        batch = LOOP.run(do_getitems())
        return self.transform_fn(batch)

+    def fetch(self, indices: list[int]) -> Any:
+        """
+        Fetch rows from the permutation
+
+        returns the rows for the given permutation in the same shape as configured by
+        with_format / with_transform.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import lancedb
+        >>> db = lancedb.connect("memory:///")
+        >>> tbl = db.create_table("tbl", data=[{"x": x} for x in range(10)])
+        >>> perm = Permutation.identity(tbl)
+        >>> perm.fetch([0, 5, 9])
+        [{'x': 0}, {'x': 5}, {'x': 9}]
+        """
+        return self.__getitems__(indices)
+
    @deprecated(details="Use with_skip instead")
    def skip(self, skip: int) -> "Permutation":
        """
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import sys
 import types
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from datetime import date, datetime
+from enum import Enum
 from typing import (
    TYPE_CHECKING,
    Any,
@@ -314,6 +315,19 @@ def _pydantic_type_to_arrow_type(tp: Any, field: FieldInfo) -> pa.DataType:
                return pa.list_(pa.list_(tp.value_arrow_type(), tp.dim()))
            # For regular Vector
            return pa.list_(tp.value_arrow_type(), tp.dim())
+        if _safe_issubclass(tp, Enum):
+            # Map Enum to the Arrow type of its value.
+            # For string-valued enums, use dictionary encoding for efficiency.
+            # For integer enums, use the native type.
+            # Fall back to utf8 for mixed-type or empty enums.
+            value_types = {type(m.value) for m in tp}
+            if len(value_types) == 1:
+                value_type = value_types.pop()
+                if value_type is str:
+                    # Use dictionary encoding for string enums
+                    return pa.dictionary(pa.int32(), pa.utf8())
+                return _py_type_to_arrow_type(value_type, field)
+            return pa.utf8()
    return _py_type_to_arrow_type(tp, field)


@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import deprecation
 import numpy as np
 import pyarrow as pa
 import pyarrow.compute as pc
-import pyarrow.fs as pa_fs
 import pydantic

 from lancedb.pydantic import PYDANTIC_VERSION
@@ -1526,9 +1525,7 @@ class LanceFtsQueryBuilder(LanceQueryBuilder):
        return self._table._output_schema(self.to_query_object())

    def to_arrow(self, *, timeout: Optional[timedelta] = None) -> pa.Table:
-        path, fs, exist = self._table._get_fts_index_path()
-        if exist:
-            return self.tantivy_to_arrow()
+        self._table._ensure_no_legacy_fts_index()

        query = self._query
        if self._phrase_query:
@@ -1552,90 +1549,6 @@ class LanceFtsQueryBuilder(LanceQueryBuilder):
    ):
        raise NotImplementedError("to_batches on an FTS query")

-    def tantivy_to_arrow(self) -> pa.Table:
-        try:
-            import tantivy
-        except ImportError:
-            raise ImportError(
-                "Please install tantivy-py `pip install tantivy` to use the full text search feature."  # noqa: E501
-            )
-
-        from .fts import search_index
-
-        # get the index path
-        path, fs, exist = self._table._get_fts_index_path()
-
-        # check if the index exist
-        if not exist:
-            raise FileNotFoundError(
-                "Fts index does not exist. "
-                "Please first call table.create_fts_index(['<field_names>']) to "
-                "create the fts index."
-            )
-
-        # Check that we are on local filesystem
-        if not isinstance(fs, pa_fs.LocalFileSystem):
-            raise NotImplementedError(
-                "Tantivy-based full text search "
-                "is only supported on the local filesystem"
-            )
-        # open the index
-        index = tantivy.Index.open(path)
-        # get the scores and doc ids
-        query = self._query
-        if self._phrase_query:
-            query = query.replace('"', "'")
-            query = f'"{query}"'
-        limit = self._limit if self._limit is not None else 10
-        row_ids, scores = search_index(
-            index, query, limit, ordering_field=self.ordering_field_name
-        )
-        if len(row_ids) == 0:
-            empty_schema = pa.schema([pa.field("_score", pa.float32())])
-            return pa.Table.from_batches([], schema=empty_schema)
-        scores = pa.array(scores)
-        output_tbl = self._table.to_lance().take(row_ids, columns=self._columns)
-        output_tbl = output_tbl.append_column("_score", scores)
-        # this needs to match vector search results which are uint64
-        row_ids = pa.array(row_ids, type=pa.uint64())
-
-        if self._where is not None:
-            tmp_name = "__lancedb__duckdb__indexer__"
-            output_tbl = output_tbl.append_column(
-                tmp_name, pa.array(range(len(output_tbl)))
-            )
-            try:
-                # TODO would be great to have Substrait generate pyarrow compute
-                # expressions or conversely have pyarrow support SQL expressions
-                # using Substrait
-                import duckdb
-
-                indexer = duckdb.sql(
-                    f"SELECT {tmp_name} FROM output_tbl WHERE {self._where}"
-                ).to_arrow_table()[tmp_name]
-                output_tbl = output_tbl.take(indexer).drop([tmp_name])
-                row_ids = row_ids.take(indexer)
-
-            except ImportError:
-                import tempfile
-
-                import lance
-
-                # TODO Use "memory://" instead once that's supported
-                with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
-                    ds = lance.write_dataset(output_tbl, tmp)
-                    output_tbl = ds.to_table(filter=self._where)
-                    indexer = output_tbl[tmp_name]
-                    row_ids = row_ids.take(indexer)
-                    output_tbl = output_tbl.drop([tmp_name])
-
-        if self._with_row_id:
-            output_tbl = output_tbl.append_column("_rowid", row_ids)
-
-        if self._reranker is not None:
-            output_tbl = self._reranker.rerank_fts(self._query, output_tbl)
-        return output_tbl
-
    def rerank(self, reranker: Reranker) -> LanceFtsQueryBuilder:
        """Rerank the results using the specified reranker.

@@ -145,6 +145,33 @@ class TlsConfig:

@dataclass
 class ClientConfig:
+    """Configuration for the LanceDB Cloud HTTP client.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    user_agent: str
+        User agent string sent with requests.
+    retry_config: RetryConfig
+        Configuration for retrying failed requests.
+    timeout_config: Optional[TimeoutConfig]
+        Configuration for request timeouts.
+    extra_headers: Optional[dict]
+        Additional headers to include in requests.
+    id_delimiter: Optional[str]
+        The delimiter to use when constructing object identifiers.
+    tls_config: Optional[TlsConfig]
+        TLS/mTLS configuration for secure connections.
+    header_provider: Optional[HeaderProvider]
+        Provider for dynamic headers to be added to each request.
+    user_id: Optional[str]
+        User identifier for tracking purposes. This is sent as the
+        `x-lancedb-user-id` header in requests to LanceDB Cloud/Enterprise.
+
+        This can also be set via the `LANCEDB_USER_ID` environment variable.
+        Alternatively, set `LANCEDB_USER_ID_ENV_KEY` to specify another
+        environment variable that contains the user ID value.
+    """
+
    user_agent: str = f"LanceDB-Python-Client/{__version__}"
    retry_config: RetryConfig = field(default_factory=RetryConfig)
    timeout_config: Optional[TimeoutConfig] = field(default_factory=TimeoutConfig)
@@ -152,6 +179,7 @@ class ClientConfig:
    id_delimiter: Optional[str] = None
    tls_config: Optional[TlsConfig] = None
    header_provider: Optional["HeaderProvider"] = None
+    user_id: Optional[str] = None

    def __post_init__(self):
        if isinstance(self.retry_config, dict):
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from ..common import DATA
 from ..db import DBConnection, LOOP
 from ..embeddings import EmbeddingFunctionConfig
 from lance_namespace import (
+    LanceNamespace,
    CreateNamespaceResponse,
    DescribeNamespaceResponse,
    DropNamespaceResponse,
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
    @override
    def list_namespaces(
        self,
-        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        page_token: Optional[str] = None,
        limit: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> ListNamespacesResponse:
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):

        Parameters
        ----------
-        namespace: List[str], optional
+        namespace_path: List[str], optional
            The parent namespace to list namespaces in.
            None or empty list represents root namespace.
        page_token: str, optional
@@ -133,18 +134,18 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        ListNamespacesResponse
            Response containing namespace names and optional page_token for pagination.
        """
-        if namespace is None:
-            namespace = []
+        if namespace_path is None:
+            namespace_path = []
        return LOOP.run(
            self._conn.list_namespaces(
-                namespace=namespace, page_token=page_token, limit=limit
+                namespace_path=namespace_path, page_token=page_token, limit=limit
            )
        )

    @override
    def create_namespace(
        self,
-        namespace: List[str],
+        namespace_path: List[str],
        mode: Optional[str] = None,
        properties: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
    ) -> CreateNamespaceResponse:
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):

        Parameters
        ----------
-        namespace: List[str]
+        namespace_path: List[str]
            The namespace identifier to create.
        mode: str, optional
            Creation mode - "create" (fail if exists), "exist_ok" (skip if exists),
@@ -167,14 +168,14 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        """
        return LOOP.run(
            self._conn.create_namespace(
-                namespace=namespace, mode=mode, properties=properties
+                namespace_path=namespace_path, mode=mode, properties=properties
            )
        )

    @override
    def drop_namespace(
        self,
-        namespace: List[str],
+        namespace_path: List[str],
        mode: Optional[str] = None,
        behavior: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> DropNamespaceResponse:
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):

        Parameters
        ----------
-        namespace: List[str]
+        namespace_path: List[str]
            The namespace identifier to drop.
        mode: str, optional
            Whether to skip if not exists ("SKIP") or fail ("FAIL"). Case insensitive.
@@ -196,16 +197,20 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
            Response containing properties and transaction_id if applicable.
        """
        return LOOP.run(
-            self._conn.drop_namespace(namespace=namespace, mode=mode, behavior=behavior)
+            self._conn.drop_namespace(
+                namespace_path=namespace_path, mode=mode, behavior=behavior
+            )
        )

    @override
-    def describe_namespace(self, namespace: List[str]) -> DescribeNamespaceResponse:
+    def describe_namespace(
+        self, namespace_path: List[str]
+    ) -> DescribeNamespaceResponse:
        """Describe a namespace.

        Parameters
        ----------
-        namespace: List[str]
+        namespace_path: List[str]
            The namespace identifier to describe.

        Returns
@@ -213,12 +218,12 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        DescribeNamespaceResponse
            Response containing the namespace properties.
        """
-        return LOOP.run(self._conn.describe_namespace(namespace=namespace))
+        return LOOP.run(self._conn.describe_namespace(namespace_path=namespace_path))

    @override
    def list_tables(
        self,
-        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        page_token: Optional[str] = None,
        limit: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> ListTablesResponse:
@@ -226,7 +231,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):

        Parameters
        ----------
-        namespace: List[str], optional
+        namespace_path: List[str], optional
            The namespace to list tables in.
            None or empty list represents root namespace.
        page_token: str, optional
@@ -240,11 +245,11 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        ListTablesResponse
            Response containing table names and optional page_token for pagination.
        """
-        if namespace is None:
-            namespace = []
+        if namespace_path is None:
+            namespace_path = []
        return LOOP.run(
            self._conn.list_tables(
-                namespace=namespace, page_token=page_token, limit=limit
+                namespace_path=namespace_path, page_token=page_token, limit=limit
            )
        )

@@ -254,7 +259,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        page_token: Optional[str] = None,
        limit: int = 10,
        *,
-        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    ) -> Iterable[str]:
        """List the names of all tables in the database.

@@ -263,7 +268,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):

        Parameters
        ----------
-        namespace: List[str], default []
+        namespace_path: List[str], default []
            The namespace to list tables in.
            Empty list represents root namespace.
        page_token: str
@@ -282,11 +287,11 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
            DeprecationWarning,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
-        if namespace is None:
-            namespace = []
+        if namespace_path is None:
+            namespace_path = []
        return LOOP.run(
            self._conn.table_names(
-                namespace=namespace, start_after=page_token, limit=limit
+                namespace_path=namespace_path, start_after=page_token, limit=limit
            )
        )

@@ -295,7 +300,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        self,
        name: str,
        *,
-        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
        index_cache_size: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> Table:
@@ -305,7 +310,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        ----------
        name: str
            The name of the table.
-        namespace: List[str], optional
+        namespace_path: List[str], optional
            The namespace to open the table from.
            None or empty list represents root namespace.

@@ -315,15 +320,15 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        """
        from .table import RemoteTable

-        if namespace is None:
-            namespace = []
+        if namespace_path is None:
+            namespace_path = []
        if index_cache_size is not None:
            logging.info(
                "index_cache_size is ignored in LanceDb Cloud"
                " (there is no local cache to configure)"
            )

-        table = LOOP.run(self._conn.open_table(name, namespace=namespace))
+        table = LOOP.run(self._conn.open_table(name, namespace_path=namespace_path))
        return RemoteTable(table, self.db_name)

    def clone_table(
@@ -331,7 +336,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        target_table_name: str,
        source_uri: str,
        *,
-        target_namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        target_namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        source_version: Optional[int] = None,
        source_tag: Optional[str] = None,
        is_shallow: bool = True,
@@ -344,7 +349,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
            The name of the target table to create.
        source_uri: str
            The URI of the source table to clone from.
-        target_namespace: List[str], optional
+        target_namespace_path: List[str], optional
            The namespace for the target table.
            None or empty list represents root namespace.
        source_version: int, optional
@@ -361,13 +366,13 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        """
        from .table import RemoteTable

-        if target_namespace is None:
-            target_namespace = []
+        if target_namespace_path is None:
+            target_namespace_path = []
        table = LOOP.run(
            self._conn.clone_table(
                target_table_name,
                source_uri,
-                target_namespace=target_namespace,
+                target_namespace_path=target_namespace_path,
                source_version=source_version,
                source_tag=source_tag,
                is_shallow=is_shallow,
@@ -387,7 +392,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        exist_ok: bool = False,
        embedding_functions: Optional[List[EmbeddingFunctionConfig]] = None,
        *,
-        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    ) -> Table:
        """Create a [Table][lancedb.table.Table] in the database.

@@ -395,7 +400,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        ----------
        name: str
            The name of the table.
-        namespace: List[str], optional
+        namespace_path: List[str], optional
            The namespace to create the table in.
            None or empty list represents root namespace.
        data: The data to initialize the table, *optional*
@@ -495,8 +500,8 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
                mode = "exist_ok"
            elif not mode:
                mode = "exist_ok"
-        if namespace is None:
-            namespace = []
+        if namespace_path is None:
+            namespace_path = []
        validate_table_name(name)
        if embedding_functions is not None:
            logging.warning(
@@ -511,7 +516,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
            self._conn.create_table(
                name,
                data,
-                namespace=namespace,
+                namespace_path=namespace_path,
                mode=mode,
                schema=schema,
                on_bad_vectors=on_bad_vectors,
@@ -521,28 +526,28 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        return RemoteTable(table, self.db_name)

    @override
-    def drop_table(self, name: str, namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None):
+    def drop_table(self, name: str, namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None):
        """Drop a table from the database.

        Parameters
        ----------
        name: str
            The name of the table.
-        namespace: List[str], optional
+        namespace_path: List[str], optional
            The namespace to drop the table from.
            None or empty list represents root namespace.
        """
-        if namespace is None:
-            namespace = []
-        LOOP.run(self._conn.drop_table(name, namespace=namespace))
+        if namespace_path is None:
+            namespace_path = []
+        LOOP.run(self._conn.drop_table(name, namespace_path=namespace_path))

    @override
    def rename_table(
        self,
        cur_name: str,
        new_name: str,
-        cur_namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-        new_namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        cur_namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        new_namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    ):
        """Rename a table in the database.

@@ -553,19 +558,32 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        new_name: str
            The new name of the table.
        """
-        if cur_namespace is None:
-            cur_namespace = []
-        if new_namespace is None:
-            new_namespace = []
+        if cur_namespace_path is None:
+            cur_namespace_path = []
+        if new_namespace_path is None:
+            new_namespace_path = []
        LOOP.run(
            self._conn.rename_table(
                cur_name,
                new_name,
-                cur_namespace=cur_namespace,
-                new_namespace=new_namespace,
+                cur_namespace_path=cur_namespace_path,
+                new_namespace_path=new_namespace_path,
            )
        )

+    @override
+    def namespace_client(self) -> LanceNamespace:
+        """Get the equivalent namespace client for this connection.
+
+        Returns a RestNamespace with the same URI and authentication headers.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        LanceNamespace
+            The namespace client for this connection.
+        """
+        return LOOP.run(self._conn.namespace_client())
+
    async def close(self):
        """Close the connection to the database."""
        self._conn.close()
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ from .index import lang_mapping

 if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from .db import LanceDBConnection
-    from .io import StorageOptionsProvider
    from ._lancedb import (
        Table as LanceDBTable,
        OptimizeStats,
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ def _into_pyarrow_reader(
            f"Unknown data type {type(data)}. "
            "Supported types: list of dicts, pandas DataFrame, polars DataFrame, "
            "pyarrow Table/RecordBatch, or Pydantic models. "
-            "See https://lancedb.com/docs/tables/ for examples."
+            "See https://docs.lancedb.com/tables/ for examples."
        )


@@ -271,15 +270,17 @@ def _sanitize_data(
        reader,
        on_bad_vectors=on_bad_vectors,
        fill_value=fill_value,
+        target_schema=target_schema,
+        metadata=metadata,
    )

    if target_schema is None:
        target_schema, reader = _infer_target_schema(reader)

    if metadata:
-        new_metadata = target_schema.metadata or {}
-        new_metadata.update(metadata)
-        target_schema = target_schema.with_metadata(new_metadata)
+        target_schema = target_schema.with_metadata(
+            _merge_metadata(target_schema.metadata, metadata)
+        )

    _validate_schema(target_schema)
    reader = _cast_to_target_schema(reader, target_schema, allow_subschema)
@@ -295,7 +296,7 @@ def _cast_to_target_schema(
    # pa.Table.cast expects field order not to be changed.
    # Lance doesn't care about field order, so we don't need to rearrange fields
    # to match the target schema. We just need to correctly cast the fields.
-    if reader.schema == target_schema:
+    if reader.schema.equals(target_schema, check_metadata=True):
        # Fast path when the schemas are already the same
        return reader

@@ -315,7 +316,13 @@ def _cast_to_target_schema(
    def gen():
        for batch in reader:
            # Table but not RecordBatch has cast.
-            yield pa.Table.from_batches([batch]).cast(reordered_schema).to_batches()[0]
+            cast_batches = (
+                pa.Table.from_batches([batch]).cast(reordered_schema).to_batches()
+            )
+            if cast_batches:
+                yield pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
+                    cast_batches[0].columns, schema=reordered_schema
+                )

    return pa.RecordBatchReader.from_batches(reordered_schema, gen())

@@ -333,37 +340,51 @@ def _align_field_types(
        if target_field is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Field '{field.name}' not found in target schema")
        if pa.types.is_struct(target_field.type):
-            new_type = pa.struct(
-                _align_field_types(
-                    field.type.fields,
-                    target_field.type.fields,
+            if pa.types.is_struct(field.type):
+                new_type = pa.struct(
+                    _align_field_types(
+                        field.type.fields,
+                        target_field.type.fields,
+                    )
                )
-            )
+            else:
+                new_type = target_field.type
        elif pa.types.is_list(target_field.type):
-            new_type = pa.list_(
-                _align_field_types(
-                    [field.type.value_field],
-                    [target_field.type.value_field],
-                )[0]
-            )
+            if _is_list_like(field.type):
+                new_type = pa.list_(
+                    _align_field_types(
+                        [field.type.value_field],
+                        [target_field.type.value_field],
+                    )[0]
+                )
+            else:
+                new_type = target_field.type
        elif pa.types.is_large_list(target_field.type):
-            new_type = pa.large_list(
-                _align_field_types(
-                    [field.type.value_field],
-                    [target_field.type.value_field],
-                )[0]
-            )
+            if _is_list_like(field.type):
+                new_type = pa.large_list(
+                    _align_field_types(
+                        [field.type.value_field],
+                        [target_field.type.value_field],
+                    )[0]
+                )
+            else:
+                new_type = target_field.type
        elif pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(target_field.type):
-            new_type = pa.list_(
-                _align_field_types(
-                    [field.type.value_field],
-                    [target_field.type.value_field],
-                )[0],
-                target_field.type.list_size,
-            )
+            if _is_list_like(field.type):
+                new_type = pa.list_(
+                    _align_field_types(
+                        [field.type.value_field],
+                        [target_field.type.value_field],
+                    )[0],
+                    target_field.type.list_size,
+                )
+            else:
+                new_type = target_field.type
        else:
            new_type = target_field.type
-        new_fields.append(pa.field(field.name, new_type, field.nullable))
+        new_fields.append(
+            pa.field(field.name, new_type, field.nullable, target_field.metadata)
+        )
    return new_fields


@@ -441,6 +462,7 @@ def sanitize_create_table(
            schema = data.schema

    if metadata:
+        metadata = _merge_metadata(schema.metadata, metadata)
        schema = schema.with_metadata(metadata)
        # Need to apply metadata to the data as well
        if isinstance(data, pa.Table):
@@ -493,9 +515,9 @@ def _append_vector_columns(
    vector columns to the table.
    """
    if schema is None:
-        metadata = metadata or {}
+        metadata = _merge_metadata(metadata)
    else:
-        metadata = schema.metadata or metadata or {}
+        metadata = _merge_metadata(schema.metadata, metadata)
    functions = EmbeddingFunctionRegistry.get_instance().parse_functions(metadata)

    if not functions:
@@ -921,29 +943,26 @@ class Table(ABC):
        Parameters
        ----------
        field_names: str or list of str
-            The name(s) of the field to index.
-            If ``use_tantivy`` is False (default), only a single field name
-            (str) is supported. To index multiple fields, create a separate
-            FTS index for each field.
+            The name of the field to index. Native FTS indexes can only be
+            created on a single field at a time. To search over multiple text
+            fields, create a separate FTS index for each field.
        replace: bool, default False
            If True, replace the existing index if it exists. Note that this is
            not yet an atomic operation; the index will be temporarily
            unavailable while the new index is being created.
        writer_heap_size: int, default 1GB
-            Only available with use_tantivy=True
+            Deprecated legacy Tantivy parameter. Any value other than the
+            default raises an error.
        ordering_field_names:
-            A list of unsigned type fields to index to optionally order
-            results on at search time.
-            only available with use_tantivy=True
+            Deprecated legacy Tantivy parameter. Setting this raises an error.
        tokenizer_name: str, default "default"
-            The tokenizer to use for the index. Can be "raw", "default" or the 2 letter
-            language code followed by "_stem". So for english it would be "en_stem".
-            For available languages see: https://docs.rs/tantivy/latest/tantivy/tokenizer/enum.Language.html
+            A compatibility alias for native tokenizer configs. Can be "raw",
+            "default" or the 2 letter language code followed by "_stem". So
+            for english it would be "en_stem".
        use_tantivy: bool, default False
-            If True, use the legacy full-text search implementation based on tantivy.
-            If False, use the new full-text search implementation based on lance-index.
+            Deprecated legacy Tantivy parameter. Setting this to True raises an
+            error.
        with_position: bool, default False
-            Only available with use_tantivy=False
            If False, do not store the positions of the terms in the text.
            This can reduce the size of the index and improve indexing speed.
            But it will raise an exception for phrase queries.
@@ -1724,6 +1743,16 @@ class Table(ABC):
        index_exists = fs.get_file_info(path).type != pa_fs.FileType.NotFound
        return (path, fs, index_exists)

+    def _ensure_no_legacy_fts_index(self):
+        path, _, exists = self._get_fts_index_path()
+        if exists:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Legacy Tantivy FTS index detected at "
+                f"{path}. Tantivy-based FTS has been removed. "
+                "Delete the legacy index and recreate it with "
+                "table.create_fts_index(...)."
+            )
+
    @abstractmethod
    def uses_v2_manifest_paths(self) -> bool:
        """
@@ -1776,30 +1805,30 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
        connection: "LanceDBConnection",
        name: str,
        *,
-        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-        storage_options_provider: Optional["StorageOptionsProvider"] = None,
        index_cache_size: Optional[int] = None,
        location: Optional[str] = None,
        namespace_client: Optional[Any] = None,
        managed_versioning: Optional[bool] = None,
+        pushdown_operations: Optional[set] = None,
        _async: AsyncTable = None,
    ):
-        if namespace is None:
-            namespace = []
+        if namespace_path is None:
+            namespace_path = []
        self._conn = connection
-        self._namespace = namespace
+        self._namespace_path = namespace_path
        self._location = location  # Store location for use in _dataset_path
        self._namespace_client = namespace_client
+        self._pushdown_operations = pushdown_operations or set()
        if _async is not None:
            self._table = _async
        else:
            self._table = LOOP.run(
                connection._conn.open_table(
                    name,
-                    namespace=namespace,
+                    namespace_path=namespace_path,
                    storage_options=storage_options,
-                    storage_options_provider=storage_options_provider,
                    index_cache_size=index_cache_size,
                    location=location,
                    namespace_client=namespace_client,
@@ -1814,13 +1843,13 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
    @property
    def namespace(self) -> List[str]:
        """Return the namespace path of the table."""
-        return self._namespace
+        return self._namespace_path

    @property
    def id(self) -> str:
        """Return the full identifier of the table (namespace$name)."""
-        if self._namespace:
-            return "$".join(self._namespace + [self.name])
+        if self._namespace_path:
+            return "$".join(self._namespace_path + [self.name])
        return self.name

    @classmethod
@@ -1841,26 +1870,26 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
        db,
        name,
        *,
-        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-        storage_options_provider: Optional["StorageOptionsProvider"] = None,
        index_cache_size: Optional[int] = None,
        location: Optional[str] = None,
        namespace_client: Optional[Any] = None,
        managed_versioning: Optional[bool] = None,
+        pushdown_operations: Optional[set] = None,
    ):
-        if namespace is None:
-            namespace = []
+        if namespace_path is None:
+            namespace_path = []
        tbl = cls(
            db,
            name,
-            namespace=namespace,
+            namespace_path=namespace_path,
            storage_options=storage_options,
-            storage_options_provider=storage_options_provider,
            index_cache_size=index_cache_size,
            location=location,
            namespace_client=namespace_client,
            managed_versioning=managed_versioning,
+            pushdown_operations=pushdown_operations,
        )

        # check the dataset exists
@@ -1893,11 +1922,11 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
            )

        if self._namespace_client is not None:
-            table_id = self._namespace + [self.name]
+            table_id = self._namespace_path + [self.name]
            return lance.dataset(
                version=self.version,
                storage_options=self._conn.storage_options,
-                namespace=self._namespace_client,
+                namespace_client=self._namespace_client,
                table_id=table_id,
                **kwargs,
            )
@@ -2383,84 +2412,63 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
        prefix_only: bool = False,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
    ):
-        if not use_tantivy:
-            if not isinstance(field_names, str):
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "Native FTS indexes can only be created on a single field "
-                    "at a time. To search over multiple text fields, create a "
-                    "separate FTS index for each field."
-                )
+        self._ensure_no_legacy_fts_index()

-            if tokenizer_name is None:
-                tokenizer_configs = {
-                    "base_tokenizer": base_tokenizer,
-                    "language": language,
-                    "with_position": with_position,
-                    "max_token_length": max_token_length,
-                    "lower_case": lower_case,
-                    "stem": stem,
-                    "remove_stop_words": remove_stop_words,
-                    "ascii_folding": ascii_folding,
-                    "ngram_min_length": ngram_min_length,
-                    "ngram_max_length": ngram_max_length,
-                    "prefix_only": prefix_only,
-                }
-            else:
-                tokenizer_configs = self.infer_tokenizer_configs(tokenizer_name)
-
-            config = FTS(
-                **tokenizer_configs,
+        if use_tantivy:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Tantivy-based FTS has been removed. "
+                "Remove use_tantivy and recreate the index with native FTS."
            )
-
-            # delete the existing legacy index if it exists
-            if replace:
-                path, fs, exist = self._get_fts_index_path()
-                if exist:
-                    fs.delete_dir(path)
-
-            LOOP.run(
-                self._table.create_index(
-                    field_names,
-                    replace=replace,
-                    config=config,
-                    name=name,
-                )
+        if ordering_field_names is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "ordering_field_names was only supported by the removed "
+                "Tantivy-based FTS implementation."
            )
-            return
-
-        from .fts import create_index, populate_index
-
-        if isinstance(field_names, str):
-            field_names = [field_names]
-
-        if isinstance(ordering_field_names, str):
-            ordering_field_names = [ordering_field_names]
-
-        path, fs, exist = self._get_fts_index_path()
-        if exist:
-            if not replace:
-                raise ValueError("Index already exists. Use replace=True to overwrite.")
-            fs.delete_dir(path)
-
-        if not isinstance(fs, pa_fs.LocalFileSystem):
-            raise NotImplementedError(
-                "Full-text search is only supported on the local filesystem"
+        if writer_heap_size != 1024 * 1024 * 1024:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "writer_heap_size was only supported by the removed "
+                "Tantivy-based FTS implementation."
+            )
+        if not isinstance(field_names, str):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Native FTS indexes can only be created on a single field "
+                "at a time. To search over multiple text fields, create a "
+                "separate FTS index for each field."
+            )
+        if "." in field_names:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Native FTS indexes can only be created on top-level fields. "
+                f"Received nested field path: {field_names!r}."
            )

        if tokenizer_name is None:
-            tokenizer_name = "default"
-        index = create_index(
-            path,
-            field_names,
-            ordering_fields=ordering_field_names,
-            tokenizer_name=tokenizer_name,
+            tokenizer_configs = {
+                "base_tokenizer": base_tokenizer,
+                "language": language,
+                "with_position": with_position,
+                "max_token_length": max_token_length,
+                "lower_case": lower_case,
+                "stem": stem,
+                "remove_stop_words": remove_stop_words,
+                "ascii_folding": ascii_folding,
+                "ngram_min_length": ngram_min_length,
+                "ngram_max_length": ngram_max_length,
+                "prefix_only": prefix_only,
+            }
+        else:
+            tokenizer_configs = self.infer_tokenizer_configs(tokenizer_name)
+
+        config = FTS(
+            **tokenizer_configs,
        )
-        populate_index(
-            index,
-            self,
-            field_names,
-            ordering_fields=ordering_field_names,
-            writer_heap_size=writer_heap_size,
+
+        LOOP.run(
+            self._table.create_index(
+                field_names,
+                replace=replace,
+                config=config,
+                name=name,
+            )
        )

    @staticmethod
@@ -2803,13 +2811,13 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
        fill_value: float = 0.0,
        embedding_functions: Optional[List[EmbeddingFunctionConfig]] = None,
        *,
-        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str | bool]] = None,
-        storage_options_provider: Optional["StorageOptionsProvider"] = None,
        data_storage_version: Optional[str] = None,
        enable_v2_manifest_paths: Optional[bool] = None,
        location: Optional[str] = None,
        namespace_client: Optional[Any] = None,
+        pushdown_operations: Optional[set] = None,
    ):
        """
        Create a new table.
@@ -2864,13 +2872,14 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
            Deprecated.  Set `storage_options` when connecting to the database and set
            `new_table_enable_v2_manifest_paths` in the options.
        """
-        if namespace is None:
-            namespace = []
+        if namespace_path is None:
+            namespace_path = []
        self = cls.__new__(cls)
        self._conn = db
-        self._namespace = namespace
+        self._namespace_path = namespace_path
        self._location = location
        self._namespace_client = namespace_client
+        self._pushdown_operations = pushdown_operations or set()

        if data_storage_version is not None:
            warnings.warn(
@@ -2903,10 +2912,10 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
                on_bad_vectors=on_bad_vectors,
                fill_value=fill_value,
                embedding_functions=embedding_functions,
-                namespace=namespace,
+                namespace_path=namespace_path,
                storage_options=storage_options,
-                storage_options_provider=storage_options_provider,
                location=location,
+                namespace_client=namespace_client,
            )
        )
        return self
@@ -2974,6 +2983,15 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
        batch_size: Optional[int] = None,
        timeout: Optional[timedelta] = None,
    ) -> pa.RecordBatchReader:
+        if (
+            "QueryTable" in self._pushdown_operations
+            and self._namespace_client is not None
+        ):
+            from lancedb.namespace import _execute_server_side_query
+
+            table_id = self._namespace_path + [self.name]
+            return _execute_server_side_query(self._namespace_client, table_id, query)
+
        async_iter = LOOP.run(
            self._table._execute_query(query, batch_size=batch_size, timeout=timeout)
        )
@@ -3203,43 +3221,157 @@ def _handle_bad_vectors(
    reader: pa.RecordBatchReader,
    on_bad_vectors: Literal["error", "drop", "fill", "null"] = "error",
    fill_value: float = 0.0,
+    target_schema: Optional[pa.Schema] = None,
+    metadata: Optional[dict] = None,
 ) -> pa.RecordBatchReader:
-    vector_columns = []
+    vector_columns = _find_vector_columns(reader.schema, target_schema, metadata)
+    if not vector_columns:
+        return reader

-    for field in reader.schema:
-        # They can provide a 'vector' column that isn't yet a FSL
-        named_vector_col = (
-            (
-                pa.types.is_list(field.type)
-                or pa.types.is_large_list(field.type)
-                or pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(field.type)
-            )
-            and pa.types.is_floating(field.type.value_type)
-            and field.name == VECTOR_COLUMN_NAME
-        )
-        # TODO: we're making an assumption that fixed size list of 10 or more
-        # is a vector column. This is definitely a bit hacky.
-        likely_vector_col = (
-            pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(field.type)
-            and pa.types.is_floating(field.type.value_type)
-            and (field.type.list_size >= 10)
-        )
-
-        if named_vector_col or likely_vector_col:
-            vector_columns.append(field.name)
+    output_schema = _vector_output_schema(reader.schema, vector_columns)

    def gen():
        for batch in reader:
-            for name in vector_columns:
+            pending_dims = []
+            for vector_column in vector_columns:
+                dim = vector_column["expected_dim"]
+                if target_schema is not None and dim is None:
+                    dim = _infer_vector_dim(batch[vector_column["name"]])
+                    pending_dims.append(vector_column)
                batch = _handle_bad_vector_column(
                    batch,
-                    vector_column_name=name,
+                    vector_column_name=vector_column["name"],
                    on_bad_vectors=on_bad_vectors,
                    fill_value=fill_value,
+                    expected_dim=dim,
+                    expected_value_type=vector_column["expected_value_type"],
                )
-            yield batch
+            for vector_column in pending_dims:
+                if vector_column["expected_dim"] is None:
+                    vector_column["expected_dim"] = _infer_vector_dim(
+                        batch[vector_column["name"]]
+                    )
+            if batch.schema.equals(output_schema, check_metadata=True):
+                yield batch
+                continue

-    return pa.RecordBatchReader.from_batches(reader.schema, gen())
+            cast_batches = (
+                pa.Table.from_batches([batch]).cast(output_schema).to_batches()
+            )
+            if cast_batches:
+                yield pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
+                    cast_batches[0].columns,
+                    schema=output_schema,
+                )
+
+    return pa.RecordBatchReader.from_batches(output_schema, gen())
+
+
+def _find_vector_columns(
+    reader_schema: pa.Schema,
+    target_schema: Optional[pa.Schema],
+    metadata: Optional[dict],
+) -> List[dict]:
+    if target_schema is None:
+        vector_columns = []
+        for field in reader_schema:
+            named_vector_col = (
+                _is_list_like(field.type)
+                and pa.types.is_floating(field.type.value_type)
+                and field.name == VECTOR_COLUMN_NAME
+            )
+            likely_vector_col = (
+                pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(field.type)
+                and pa.types.is_floating(field.type.value_type)
+                and (field.type.list_size >= 10)
+            )
+            if named_vector_col or likely_vector_col:
+                vector_columns.append(
+                    {
+                        "name": field.name,
+                        "expected_dim": None,
+                        "expected_value_type": None,
+                    }
+                )
+        return vector_columns
+
+    reader_column_names = set(reader_schema.names)
+    active_metadata = _merge_metadata(target_schema.metadata, metadata)
+    embedding_function_columns = set(
+        EmbeddingFunctionRegistry.get_instance().parse_functions(active_metadata).keys()
+    )
+    vector_columns = []
+    for field in target_schema:
+        if field.name not in reader_column_names:
+            continue
+        if not _is_list_like(field.type) or not pa.types.is_floating(
+            field.type.value_type
+        ):
+            continue
+
+        reader_field = reader_schema.field(field.name)
+        named_vector_col = (
+            field.name in embedding_function_columns
+            or field.name == VECTOR_COLUMN_NAME
+            or (field.name == "embedding" and pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(field.type))
+        )
+        typed_fixed_vector_col = (
+            pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(reader_field.type)
+            and pa.types.is_floating(reader_field.type.value_type)
+            and reader_field.type.list_size >= 10
+        )
+
+        if named_vector_col or typed_fixed_vector_col:
+            vector_columns.append(
+                {
+                    "name": field.name,
+                    "expected_dim": (
+                        field.type.list_size
+                        if pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(field.type)
+                        else None
+                    ),
+                    "expected_value_type": field.type.value_type,
+                }
+            )
+
+    return vector_columns
+
+
+def _vector_output_schema(
+    reader_schema: pa.Schema,
+    vector_columns: List[dict],
+) -> pa.Schema:
+    columns_by_name = {column["name"]: column for column in vector_columns}
+    fields = []
+    for field in reader_schema:
+        column = columns_by_name.get(field.name)
+        if column is None:
+            output_type = field.type
+        else:
+            output_type = _vector_output_type(field, column)
+        fields.append(pa.field(field.name, output_type, field.nullable, field.metadata))
+    return pa.schema(fields, metadata=reader_schema.metadata)
+
+
+def _vector_output_type(field: pa.Field, vector_column: dict) -> pa.DataType:
+    if not _is_list_like(field.type):
+        return field.type
+
+    if vector_column["expected_value_type"] is not None and (
+        pa.types.is_null(field.type.value_type)
+        or pa.types.is_integer(field.type.value_type)
+        or pa.types.is_unsigned_integer(field.type.value_type)
+    ):
+        return pa.list_(vector_column["expected_value_type"])
+
+    if (
+        vector_column["expected_dim"] is not None
+        and pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(field.type)
+        and field.type.list_size != vector_column["expected_dim"]
+    ):
+        return pa.list_(field.type.value_type)
+
+    return field.type


 def _handle_bad_vector_column(
@@ -3247,6 +3379,8 @@ def _handle_bad_vector_column(
    vector_column_name: str,
    on_bad_vectors: str = "error",
    fill_value: float = 0.0,
+    expected_dim: Optional[int] = None,
+    expected_value_type: Optional[pa.DataType] = None,
 ) -> pa.RecordBatch:
    """
    Ensure that the vector column exists and has type fixed_size_list(float)
@@ -3263,14 +3397,39 @@ def _handle_bad_vector_column(
    fill_value: float, default 0.0
        The value to use when filling vectors. Only used if on_bad_vectors="fill".
    """
+    position = data.column_names.index(vector_column_name)
    vec_arr = data[vector_column_name]
+    if not _is_list_like(vec_arr.type):
+        return data

-    has_nan = has_nan_values(vec_arr)
+    if (
+        expected_dim is not None
+        and pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(vec_arr.type)
+        and vec_arr.type.list_size != expected_dim
+    ):
+        vec_arr = pa.array(vec_arr.to_pylist(), type=pa.list_(vec_arr.type.value_type))
+        data = data.set_column(position, vector_column_name, vec_arr)

-    if pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(vec_arr.type):
+    if expected_value_type is not None and (
+        pa.types.is_integer(vec_arr.type.value_type)
+        or pa.types.is_unsigned_integer(vec_arr.type.value_type)
+    ):
+        vec_arr = pa.array(vec_arr.to_pylist(), type=pa.list_(expected_value_type))
+        data = data.set_column(position, vector_column_name, vec_arr)
+
+    if pa.types.is_floating(vec_arr.type.value_type):
+        has_nan = has_nan_values(vec_arr)
+    else:
+        has_nan = pa.array([False] * len(vec_arr))
+
+    if expected_dim is not None:
+        dim = expected_dim
+    elif pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(vec_arr.type):
        dim = vec_arr.type.list_size
    else:
-        dim = _modal_list_size(vec_arr)
+        dim = _infer_vector_dim(vec_arr)
+        if dim is None:
+            return data
    has_wrong_dim = pc.not_equal(pc.list_value_length(vec_arr), dim)

    has_bad_vectors = pc.any(has_nan).as_py() or pc.any(has_wrong_dim).as_py()
@@ -3308,13 +3467,12 @@ def _handle_bad_vector_column(
                )
            vec_arr = pc.if_else(
                is_bad,
-                pa.scalar([fill_value] * dim),
+                pa.scalar([fill_value] * dim, type=vec_arr.type),
                vec_arr,
            )
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Invalid value for on_bad_vectors: {on_bad_vectors}")

-    position = data.column_names.index(vector_column_name)
    return data.set_column(position, vector_column_name, vec_arr)


@@ -3335,6 +3493,28 @@ def has_nan_values(arr: Union[pa.ListArray, pa.ChunkedArray]) -> pa.BooleanArray
    return pc.is_in(indices, has_nan_indices)


+def _is_list_like(data_type: pa.DataType) -> bool:
+    return (
+        pa.types.is_list(data_type)
+        or pa.types.is_large_list(data_type)
+        or pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(data_type)
+    )
+
+
+def _merge_metadata(*metadata_dicts: Optional[dict]) -> dict:
+    merged = {}
+    for metadata in metadata_dicts:
+        if metadata is None:
+            continue
+        for key, value in metadata.items():
+            if isinstance(key, str):
+                key = key.encode("utf-8")
+            if isinstance(value, str):
+                value = value.encode("utf-8")
+            merged[key] = value
+    return merged
+
+
 def _name_suggests_vector_column(field_name: str) -> bool:
    """Check if a field name indicates a vector column."""
    name_lower = field_name.lower()
@@ -3402,6 +3582,16 @@ def _modal_list_size(arr: Union[pa.ListArray, pa.ChunkedArray]) -> int:
    return pc.mode(pc.list_value_length(arr))[0].as_py()["mode"]


+def _infer_vector_dim(arr: Union[pa.Array, pa.ChunkedArray]) -> Optional[int]:
+    if not _is_list_like(arr.type):
+        return None
+    lengths = pc.list_value_length(arr)
+    lengths = pc.filter(lengths, pc.greater(lengths, 0))
+    if len(lengths) == 0:
+        return None
+    return pc.mode(lengths)[0].as_py()["mode"]
+
+
 def _validate_schema(schema: pa.Schema):
    """
    Make sure the metadata is valid utf8
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ def test_fts_fuzzy_query():
        ),
        mode="overwrite",
    )
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, replace=True)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", replace=True)

    results = table.search(MatchQuery("foo", "text", fuzziness=1)).to_pandas()
    assert len(results) == 4
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ def test_fts_boost_query():
        ),
        mode="overwrite",
    )
-    table.create_fts_index("desc", use_tantivy=False, replace=True)
+    table.create_fts_index("desc", replace=True)

    results = table.search(
        BoostQuery(
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ def test_fts_boolean_query(tmp_path):
        ],
        mode="overwrite",
    )
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, replace=True)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", replace=True)

    # SHOULD
    results = table.search(
@@ -319,9 +319,7 @@ def test_fts_native():
        ],
    )

-    # passing `use_tantivy=False` to use lance FTS index
-    # `use_tantivy=True` by default
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False)
+    table.create_fts_index("text")
    table.search("puppy").limit(10).select(["text"]).to_list()
    # [{'text': 'Frodo was a happy puppy', '_score': 0.6931471824645996}]
    # ...
@@ -332,7 +330,6 @@ def test_fts_native():
    # --8<-- [start:fts_config_folding]
    table.create_fts_index(
        "text",
-        use_tantivy=False,
        language="French",
        stem=True,
        ascii_folding=True,
@@ -346,7 +343,7 @@ def test_fts_native():
    table.search("puppy").limit(10).where("text='foo'", prefilter=False).to_list()
    # --8<-- [end:fts_postfiltering]
    # --8<-- [start:fts_with_position]
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, with_position=True, replace=True)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=True, replace=True)
    # --8<-- [end:fts_with_position]
    # --8<-- [start:fts_incremental_index]
    table.add([{"vector": [3.1, 4.1], "text": "Frodo was a happy puppy"}])
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@


 import re
+import sys
 from datetime import timedelta
 import os

@@ -14,8 +15,7 @@ import pytest
 from lancedb.pydantic import LanceModel, Vector


-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_basic(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
+def test_basic(tmp_path):
    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)

    assert db.uri == str(tmp_path)
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def test_basic(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
    assert len(rs) == 1
    assert rs["item"].iloc[0] == "foo"

-    table.create_fts_index("item", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
+    table.create_fts_index("item")
    rs = table.search("bar", query_type="fts").to_pandas()
    assert len(rs) == 1
    assert rs["item"].iloc[0] == "bar"
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ def test_table_names(tmp_db: lancedb.DBConnection):
    result = list(tmp_db.table_names("test2", limit=2))
    assert result == ["test3"], f"Expected ['test3'], got {result}"

-    # Test that namespace parameter can be passed as keyword
-    result = list(tmp_db.table_names(namespace=[]))
+    # Test that namespace_path parameter can be passed as keyword
+    result = list(tmp_db.table_names(namespace_path=[]))
    assert len(result) == 3


@@ -896,42 +896,22 @@ def test_bypass_vector_index_sync(tmp_db: lancedb.DBConnection):


 def test_local_namespace_operations(tmp_path):
-    """Test that local mode namespace operations behave as expected."""
-    # Create a local database connection
+    """Test that local mode namespace operations work via directory namespace."""
    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)

-    # Test list_namespaces returns empty list for root namespace
-    namespaces = db.list_namespaces().namespaces
-    assert namespaces == []
+    # Root namespace starts empty
+    assert db.list_namespaces().namespaces == []

-    # Test list_namespaces with non-empty namespace raises NotImplementedError
-    with pytest.raises(
-        NotImplementedError,
-        match="Namespace operations are not supported for listing database",
-    ):
-        db.list_namespaces(namespace=["test"])
+    # Create and list child namespace
+    db.create_namespace(["child"])
+    assert "child" in db.list_namespaces().namespaces

+    # List namespaces under child
+    assert db.list_namespaces(namespace_path=["child"]).namespaces == []

-def test_local_create_namespace_not_supported(tmp_path):
-    """Test that create_namespace is not supported in local mode."""
-    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
-
-    with pytest.raises(
-        NotImplementedError,
-        match="Namespace operations are not supported for listing database",
-    ):
-        db.create_namespace(["test_namespace"])
-
-
-def test_local_drop_namespace_not_supported(tmp_path):
-    """Test that drop_namespace is not supported in local mode."""
-    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
-
-    with pytest.raises(
-        NotImplementedError,
-        match="Namespace operations are not supported for listing database",
-    ):
-        db.drop_namespace(["test_namespace"])
+    # Drop namespace
+    db.drop_namespace(["child"])
+    assert db.list_namespaces().namespaces == []


 def test_clone_table_latest_version(tmp_path):
@@ -1048,3 +1028,59 @@ def test_clone_table_deep_clone_fails(tmp_path):
    source_uri = os.path.join(tmp_path, "source.lance")
    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="Deep clone is not yet implemented"):
        db.clone_table("cloned", source_uri, is_shallow=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Namespace client issues")
+def test_namespace_client_native_storage(tmp_path):
+    """Test namespace_client() returns DirectoryNamespace for native storage."""
+    from lance.namespace import DirectoryNamespace
+
+    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
+    ns_client = db.namespace_client()
+
+    assert isinstance(ns_client, DirectoryNamespace)
+    assert str(tmp_path) in ns_client.namespace_id()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Namespace client issues")
+def test_namespace_client_with_storage_options(tmp_path):
+    """Test namespace_client() preserves storage options."""
+    from lance.namespace import DirectoryNamespace
+
+    storage_options = {"timeout": "10s"}
+    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path, storage_options=storage_options)
+    ns_client = db.namespace_client()
+
+    assert isinstance(ns_client, DirectoryNamespace)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Namespace client issues")
+def test_namespace_client_operations(tmp_path):
+    """Test that namespace_client() returns a functional namespace client."""
+    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
+    ns_client = db.namespace_client()
+
+    # Create a table through the main db connection
+    data = [{"id": 1, "text": "hello", "vector": [1.0, 2.0]}]
+    db.create_table("test_table", data=data)
+
+    # Verify the namespace client can see the table
+    from lance_namespace import ListTablesRequest
+
+    # id=[] means root namespace
+    response = ns_client.list_tables(ListTablesRequest(id=[]))
+    # Tables can be strings or objects with name attribute
+    table_names = [t.name if hasattr(t, "name") else t for t in response.tables]
+    assert "test_table" in table_names
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Namespace client issues")
+def test_namespace_client_namespace_connection(tmp_path):
+    """Test namespace_client() returns the backing client for namespace connections."""
+    from lance.namespace import DirectoryNamespace
+
+    db = lancedb.connect_namespace("dir", {"root": str(tmp_path)})
+    ns_client = db.namespace_client()
+
+    assert isinstance(ns_client, DirectoryNamespace)
+    assert str(tmp_path) in ns_client.namespace_id()
@@ -36,9 +36,6 @@ import pytest
 import pytest_asyncio
 from utils import exception_output

-pytest.importorskip("lancedb.fts")
-tantivy = pytest.importorskip("tantivy")
-

@pytest.fixture
 def table(tmp_path) -> ldb.table.LanceTable:
@@ -144,58 +141,53 @@ async def async_table(tmp_path) -> ldb.table.AsyncTable:
    return table


-def test_create_index(tmp_path):
-    index = ldb.fts.create_index(str(tmp_path / "index"), ["text"])
-    assert isinstance(index, tantivy.Index)
-    assert os.path.exists(str(tmp_path / "index"))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("kwargs", "match"),
+    [
+        (
+            {"use_tantivy": True},
+            "Tantivy-based FTS has been removed",
+        ),
+        (
+            {"ordering_field_names": ["count"]},
+            "ordering_field_names was only supported",
+        ),
+        (
+            {"writer_heap_size": 128},
+            "writer_heap_size was only supported",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_reject_removed_tantivy_parameters(table, kwargs, match):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=match):
+        table.create_fts_index("text", **kwargs)


-def test_create_index_with_stemming(tmp_path, table):
-    index = ldb.fts.create_index(
-        str(tmp_path / "index"), ["text"], tokenizer_name="en_stem"
-    )
-    assert isinstance(index, tantivy.Index)
-    assert os.path.exists(str(tmp_path / "index"))
+def test_reject_legacy_tantivy_index(table):
+    path, _, _ = table._get_fts_index_path()
+    os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)

-    # Check stemming by running tokenizer on non empty table
-    table.create_fts_index("text", tokenizer_name="en_stem", use_tantivy=True)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Legacy Tantivy FTS index detected"):
+        table.search("puppy").limit(5).to_list()
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Legacy Tantivy FTS index detected"):
+        table.create_fts_index("text")


-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("with_position", [True, False])
-def test_create_inverted_index(table, use_tantivy, with_position):
-    if use_tantivy and not with_position:
-        pytest.skip("we don't support building a tantivy index without position")
+def test_create_inverted_index(table, with_position):
    table.create_fts_index(
        "text",
-        use_tantivy=use_tantivy,
        with_position=with_position,
        name="custom_fts_index",
    )
-    if not use_tantivy:
-        indices = table.list_indices()
-        fts_indices = [i for i in indices if i.index_type == "FTS"]
-        assert any(i.name == "custom_fts_index" for i in fts_indices)
+    indices = table.list_indices()
+    fts_indices = [i for i in indices if i.index_type == "FTS"]
+    assert any(i.name == "custom_fts_index" for i in fts_indices)


-def test_populate_index(tmp_path, table):
-    index = ldb.fts.create_index(str(tmp_path / "index"), ["text"])
-    assert ldb.fts.populate_index(index, table, ["text"]) == len(table)
-
-
-def test_search_index(tmp_path, table):
-    index = ldb.fts.create_index(str(tmp_path / "index"), ["text"])
-    ldb.fts.populate_index(index, table, ["text"])
-    index.reload()
-    results = ldb.fts.search_index(index, query="puppy", limit=5)
-    assert len(results) == 2
-    assert len(results[0]) == 5  # row_ids
-    assert len(results[1]) == 5  # _score
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_search_fts(table, use_tantivy):
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
+def test_search_fts(table):
+    table.create_fts_index("text")
    results = table.search("puppy").select(["id", "text"]).limit(5).to_list()
    assert len(results) == 5
    assert len(results[0]) == 3  # id, text, _score
@@ -204,53 +196,52 @@ def test_search_fts(table, use_tantivy):
    results = table.search("puppy").select(["id", "text"]).to_list()
    assert len(results) == 10

-    if not use_tantivy:
-        # Test with a query
-        results = (
-            table.search(MatchQuery("puppy", "text"))
-            .select(["id", "text"])
-            .limit(5)
-            .to_list()
-        )
-        assert len(results) == 5
+    # Test with a query
+    results = (
+        table.search(MatchQuery("puppy", "text"))
+        .select(["id", "text"])
+        .limit(5)
+        .to_list()
+    )
+    assert len(results) == 5

-        # Test boost query
-        results = (
-            table.search(
-                BoostQuery(
-                    MatchQuery("puppy", "text"),
-                    MatchQuery("runs", "text"),
-                )
+    # Test boost query
+    results = (
+        table.search(
+            BoostQuery(
+                MatchQuery("puppy", "text"),
+                MatchQuery("runs", "text"),
            )
-            .select(["id", "text"])
-            .limit(5)
-            .to_list()
        )
-        assert len(results) == 5
+        .select(["id", "text"])
+        .limit(5)
+        .to_list()
+    )
+    assert len(results) == 5

-        # Test multi match query
-        table.create_fts_index("text2", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
-        results = (
-            table.search(MultiMatchQuery("puppy", ["text", "text2"]))
-            .select(["id", "text"])
-            .limit(5)
-            .to_list()
-        )
-        assert len(results) == 5
-        assert len(results[0]) == 3  # id, text, _score
+    # Test multi match query
+    table.create_fts_index("text2")
+    results = (
+        table.search(MultiMatchQuery("puppy", ["text", "text2"]))
+        .select(["id", "text"])
+        .limit(5)
+        .to_list()
+    )
+    assert len(results) == 5
+    assert len(results[0]) == 3  # id, text, _score

-        # Test boolean query
-        results = (
-            table.search(MatchQuery("puppy", "text") & MatchQuery("runs", "text"))
-            .select(["id", "text"])
-            .limit(5)
-            .to_list()
-        )
-        assert len(results) == 5
-        assert len(results[0]) == 3  # id, text, _score
-        for r in results:
-            assert "puppy" in r["text"]
-            assert "runs" in r["text"]
+    # Test boolean query
+    results = (
+        table.search(MatchQuery("puppy", "text") & MatchQuery("runs", "text"))
+        .select(["id", "text"])
+        .limit(5)
+        .to_list()
+    )
+    assert len(results) == 5
+    assert len(results[0]) == 3  # id, text, _score
+    for r in results:
+        assert "puppy" in r["text"]
+        assert "runs" in r["text"]


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -318,13 +309,13 @@ async def test_fts_select_async(async_table):


 def test_search_fts_phrase_query(table):
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, with_position=False)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=False)
    try:
        phrase_results = table.search('"puppy runs"').limit(100).to_list()
        assert False
    except Exception:
        pass
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, with_position=True, replace=True)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=True, replace=True)
    results = table.search("puppy").limit(100).to_list()

    # Test with quotation marks
@@ -375,8 +366,8 @@ async def test_search_fts_phrase_query_async(async_table):


 def test_search_fts_specify_column(table):
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False)
-    table.create_fts_index("text2", use_tantivy=False)
+    table.create_fts_index("text")
+    table.create_fts_index("text2")

    results = table.search("puppy", fts_columns="text").limit(5).to_list()
    assert len(results) == 5
@@ -470,42 +461,8 @@ async def test_search_fts_specify_column_async(async_table):
        pass


-def test_search_ordering_field_index_table(tmp_path, table):
-    table.create_fts_index("text", ordering_field_names=["count"], use_tantivy=True)
-    rows = (
-        table.search("puppy", ordering_field_name="count")
-        .limit(20)
-        .select(["text", "count"])
-        .to_list()
-    )
-    for r in rows:
-        assert "puppy" in r["text"]
-    assert sorted(rows, key=lambda x: x["count"], reverse=True) == rows
-
-
-def test_search_ordering_field_index(tmp_path, table):
-    index = ldb.fts.create_index(
-        str(tmp_path / "index"), ["text"], ordering_fields=["count"]
-    )
-
-    ldb.fts.populate_index(index, table, ["text"], ordering_fields=["count"])
-    index.reload()
-    results = ldb.fts.search_index(
-        index, query="puppy", limit=5, ordering_field="count"
-    )
-    assert len(results) == 2
-    assert len(results[0]) == 5  # row_ids
-    assert len(results[1]) == 5  # _distance
-    rows = table.to_lance().take(results[0]).to_pylist()
-
-    for r in rows:
-        assert "puppy" in r["text"]
-    assert sorted(rows, key=lambda x: x["count"], reverse=True) == rows
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_create_index_from_table(tmp_path, table, use_tantivy):
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
+def test_create_index_from_table(tmp_path, table):
+    table.create_fts_index("text")
    df = table.search("puppy").limit(5).select(["text"]).to_pandas()
    assert len(df) <= 5
    assert "text" in df.columns
@@ -525,36 +482,24 @@ def test_create_index_from_table(tmp_path, table, use_tantivy):
    )

    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="already exists"):
-        table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
+        table.create_fts_index("text")

-    table.create_fts_index("text", replace=True, use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", replace=True)
    assert len(table.search("gorilla").limit(1).to_pandas()) == 1


 def test_create_index_multiple_columns(tmp_path, table):
-    table.create_fts_index(["text", "text2"], use_tantivy=True)
-    df = table.search("puppy").limit(5).to_pandas()
-    assert len(df) == 5
-    assert "text" in df.columns
-    assert "text2" in df.columns
-
-
-def test_empty_rs(tmp_path, table, mocker):
-    table.create_fts_index(["text", "text2"], use_tantivy=True)
-    mocker.patch("lancedb.fts.search_index", return_value=([], []))
-    df = table.search("puppy").limit(5).to_pandas()
-    assert len(df) == 0
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Native FTS indexes can only be created"):
+        table.create_fts_index(["text", "text2"])


 def test_nested_schema(tmp_path, table):
-    table.create_fts_index("nested.text", use_tantivy=True)
-    rs = table.search("puppy").limit(5).to_list()
-    assert len(rs) == 5
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="top-level fields"):
+        table.create_fts_index("nested.text")


-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_search_index_with_filter(table, use_tantivy):
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
+def test_search_index_with_filter(table):
+    table.create_fts_index("text")
    orig_import = __import__

    def import_mock(name, *args):
@@ -584,8 +529,7 @@ def test_search_index_with_filter(table, use_tantivy):
        assert r["_rowid"] is not None


-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_null_input(table, use_tantivy):
+def test_null_input(table):
    table.add(
        [
            {
@@ -598,14 +542,13 @@ def test_null_input(table, use_tantivy):
            }
        ]
    )
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
+    table.create_fts_index("text")


 def test_syntax(table):
    # https://github.com/lancedb/lancedb/issues/769
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=True)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Syntax Error"):
-        table.search("they could have been dogs OR").limit(10).to_list()
+    table.create_fts_index("text")
+    table.search("they could have been dogs OR").limit(10).to_list()

    # these should work

@@ -616,6 +559,7 @@ def test_syntax(table):
    ).to_list()

    # phrase queries
+    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=True, replace=True)
    table.search("they could have been dogs OR cats").phrase_query().limit(10).to_list()
    table.search('"they could have been dogs OR cats"').limit(10).to_list()
    table.search('''"the cats OR dogs were not really 'pets' at all"''').limit(
@@ -639,7 +583,7 @@ def test_language(mem_db: DBConnection):
    table = mem_db.create_table("test", data=data)

    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:
-        table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, language="klingon")
+        table.create_fts_index("text", language="klingon")

    assert exception_output(e) == (
        "ValueError: LanceDB does not support the requested language: 'klingon'\n"
@@ -650,7 +594,6 @@ def test_language(mem_db: DBConnection):

    table.create_fts_index(
        "text",
-        use_tantivy=False,
        language="French",
        stem=True,
        ascii_folding=True,
@@ -690,7 +633,7 @@ def test_fts_on_list(mem_db: DBConnection):
        }
    )
    table = mem_db.create_table("test", data=data)
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, with_position=True)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=True)

    res = table.search("lance").limit(5).to_list()
    assert len(res) == 3
@@ -702,7 +645,7 @@ def test_fts_on_list(mem_db: DBConnection):
 def test_fts_ngram(mem_db: DBConnection):
    data = pa.table({"text": ["hello world", "lance database", "lance is cool"]})
    table = mem_db.create_table("test", data=data)
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, base_tokenizer="ngram")
+    table.create_fts_index("text", base_tokenizer="ngram")

    results = table.search("lan", query_type="fts").limit(10).to_list()
    assert len(results) == 2
@@ -721,7 +664,6 @@ def test_fts_ngram(mem_db: DBConnection):
    # test setting min_ngram_length and prefix_only
    table.create_fts_index(
        "text",
-        use_tantivy=False,
        base_tokenizer="ngram",
        replace=True,
        ngram_min_length=2,
@@ -886,7 +828,7 @@ def test_fts_query_to_json():


 def test_fts_fast_search(table):
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False)
+    table.create_fts_index("text")

    # Insert some unindexed data
    table.add(
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def sync_table(tmpdir_factory) -> Table:
        }
    )
    table = db.create_table("test", data)
-    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=False, use_tantivy=False)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=False)
    return table


@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ def table_with_id(tmpdir_factory) -> Table:
        }
    )
    table = db.create_table("test_with_id", data)
-    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=False, use_tantivy=False)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=False)
    return table


@@ -33,6 +33,16 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
        # Initially no tables in root
        assert len(list(db.table_names())) == 0

+    def test_connect_via_connect_helper(self):
+        """Connecting via lancedb.connect should delegate to namespace connection."""
+        db = lancedb.connect(
+            namespace_client_impl="dir",
+            namespace_client_properties={"root": self.temp_dir},
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(db, lancedb.LanceNamespaceDBConnection)
+        assert len(list(db.table_names())) == 0
+
    def test_create_table_through_namespace(self):
        """Test creating a table through namespace."""
        db = lancedb.connect_namespace("dir", {"root": self.temp_dir})
@@ -50,14 +60,14 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
        )

        # Create empty table in child namespace
-        table = db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
+        table = db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
        assert table is not None
        assert table.name == "test_table"
        assert table.namespace == ["test_ns"]
        assert table.id == "test_ns$test_table"

        # Table should appear in child namespace
-        table_names = list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))
+        table_names = list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))
        assert "test_table" in table_names
        assert len(table_names) == 1

@@ -80,10 +90,10 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
                pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2)),
            ]
        )
-        db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
+        db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])

        # Open the table
-        table = db.open_table("test_table", namespace=["test_ns"])
+        table = db.open_table("test_table", namespace_path=["test_ns"])
        assert table is not None
        assert table.name == "test_table"
        assert table.namespace == ["test_ns"]
@@ -108,31 +118,31 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
                pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2)),
            ]
        )
-        db.create_table("table1", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
-        db.create_table("table2", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
+        db.create_table("table1", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        db.create_table("table2", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])

        # Verify both tables exist in child namespace
-        table_names = list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))
+        table_names = list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))
        assert "table1" in table_names
        assert "table2" in table_names
        assert len(table_names) == 2

        # Drop one table
-        db.drop_table("table1", namespace=["test_ns"])
+        db.drop_table("table1", namespace_path=["test_ns"])

        # Verify only table2 remains
-        table_names = list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))
+        table_names = list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))
        assert "table1" not in table_names
        assert "table2" in table_names
        assert len(table_names) == 1

        # Drop the second table
-        db.drop_table("table2", namespace=["test_ns"])
-        assert len(list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))) == 0
+        db.drop_table("table2", namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        assert len(list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))) == 0

        # Should not be able to open dropped table
        with pytest.raises(TableNotFoundError):
-            db.open_table("table1", namespace=["test_ns"])
+            db.open_table("table1", namespace_path=["test_ns"])

    def test_create_table_with_schema(self):
        """Test creating a table with explicit schema through namespace."""
@@ -151,7 +161,7 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
        )

        # Create table with schema in child namespace
-        table = db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
+        table = db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
        assert table is not None
        assert table.namespace == ["test_ns"]

@@ -175,7 +185,7 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
                pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2)),
            ]
        )
-        db.create_table("old_name", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
+        db.create_table("old_name", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])

        # Rename should raise NotImplementedError
        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match="rename_table is not supported"):
@@ -196,20 +206,20 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
            ]
        )
        for i in range(3):
-            db.create_table(f"table{i}", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
+            db.create_table(f"table{i}", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])

        # Verify tables exist in child namespace
-        assert len(list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))) == 3
+        assert len(list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))) == 3

        # Drop all tables in child namespace
-        db.drop_all_tables(namespace=["test_ns"])
+        db.drop_all_tables(namespace_path=["test_ns"])

        # Verify all tables are gone from child namespace
-        assert len(list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))) == 0
+        assert len(list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))) == 0

        # Test that table_names works with keyword-only namespace parameter
-        db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
-        result = list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))
+        db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        result = list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))
        assert "test_table" in result

    def test_table_operations(self):
@@ -227,7 +237,7 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
                pa.field("text", pa.string()),
            ]
        )
-        table = db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
+        table = db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])

        # Verify empty table was created
        result = table.to_pandas()
@@ -298,25 +308,25 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
            ]
        )
        table = db.create_table(
-            "test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_namespace"]
+            "test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_namespace"]
        )
        assert table is not None

        # Verify table exists in namespace
-        tables_in_namespace = list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_namespace"]))
+        tables_in_namespace = list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_namespace"]))
        assert "test_table" in tables_in_namespace
        assert len(tables_in_namespace) == 1

        # Open table from namespace
-        table = db.open_table("test_table", namespace=["test_namespace"])
+        table = db.open_table("test_table", namespace_path=["test_namespace"])
        assert table is not None
        assert table.name == "test_table"

        # Drop table from namespace
-        db.drop_table("test_table", namespace=["test_namespace"])
+        db.drop_table("test_table", namespace_path=["test_namespace"])

        # Verify table no longer exists in namespace
-        tables_in_namespace = list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_namespace"]))
+        tables_in_namespace = list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_namespace"]))
        assert len(tables_in_namespace) == 0

        # Drop namespace
@@ -338,14 +348,14 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
                pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2)),
            ]
        )
-        db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_namespace"])
+        db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_namespace"])

        # Try to drop namespace with tables - should fail
        with pytest.raises(NamespaceNotEmptyError):
            db.drop_namespace(["test_namespace"])

        # Drop table first
-        db.drop_table("test_table", namespace=["test_namespace"])
+        db.drop_table("test_table", namespace_path=["test_namespace"])

        # Now dropping namespace should work
        db.drop_namespace(["test_namespace"])
@@ -368,10 +378,10 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:

        # Create table with same name in both namespaces
        table_a = db.create_table(
-            "same_name_table", schema=schema, namespace=["namespace_a"]
+            "same_name_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["namespace_a"]
        )
        table_b = db.create_table(
-            "same_name_table", schema=schema, namespace=["namespace_b"]
+            "same_name_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["namespace_b"]
        )

        # Add different data to each table
@@ -389,7 +399,9 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
        table_b.add(data_b)

        # Verify data in namespace_a table
-        opened_table_a = db.open_table("same_name_table", namespace=["namespace_a"])
+        opened_table_a = db.open_table(
+            "same_name_table", namespace_path=["namespace_a"]
+        )
        result_a = opened_table_a.to_pandas().sort_values("id").reset_index(drop=True)
        assert len(result_a) == 2
        assert result_a["id"].tolist() == [1, 2]
@@ -400,7 +412,9 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
        assert [v.tolist() for v in result_a["vector"]] == [[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]]

        # Verify data in namespace_b table
-        opened_table_b = db.open_table("same_name_table", namespace=["namespace_b"])
+        opened_table_b = db.open_table(
+            "same_name_table", namespace_path=["namespace_b"]
+        )
        result_b = opened_table_b.to_pandas().sort_values("id").reset_index(drop=True)
        assert len(result_b) == 3
        assert result_b["id"].tolist() == [10, 20, 30]
@@ -420,8 +434,8 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
        assert "same_name_table" not in root_tables

        # Clean up
-        db.drop_table("same_name_table", namespace=["namespace_a"])
-        db.drop_table("same_name_table", namespace=["namespace_b"])
+        db.drop_table("same_name_table", namespace_path=["namespace_a"])
+        db.drop_table("same_name_table", namespace_path=["namespace_b"])
        db.drop_namespace(["namespace_a"])
        db.drop_namespace(["namespace_b"])

@@ -449,6 +463,8 @@ class TestAsyncNamespaceConnection:
        table_names = await db.table_names()
        assert len(list(table_names)) == 0

+    # Async connect via namespace helper is not enabled yet.
+
    async def test_create_table_async(self):
        """Test creating a table asynchronously through namespace."""
        db = lancedb.connect_namespace_async("dir", {"root": self.temp_dir})
@@ -467,13 +483,13 @@ class TestAsyncNamespaceConnection:

        # Create empty table in child namespace
        table = await db.create_table(
-            "test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"]
+            "test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"]
        )
        assert table is not None
        assert isinstance(table, lancedb.AsyncTable)

        # Table should appear in child namespace
-        table_names = await db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"])
+        table_names = await db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"])
        assert "test_table" in list(table_names)

    async def test_open_table_async(self):
@@ -490,10 +506,10 @@ class TestAsyncNamespaceConnection:
                pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2)),
            ]
        )
-        await db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
+        await db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])

        # Open the table
-        table = await db.open_table("test_table", namespace=["test_ns"])
+        table = await db.open_table("test_table", namespace_path=["test_ns"])
        assert table is not None
        assert isinstance(table, lancedb.AsyncTable)

@@ -547,20 +563,20 @@ class TestAsyncNamespaceConnection:
                pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2)),
            ]
        )
-        await db.create_table("table1", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
-        await db.create_table("table2", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
+        await db.create_table("table1", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        await db.create_table("table2", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])

        # Verify both tables exist in child namespace
-        table_names = list(await db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))
+        table_names = list(await db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))
        assert "table1" in table_names
        assert "table2" in table_names
        assert len(table_names) == 2

        # Drop one table
-        await db.drop_table("table1", namespace=["test_ns"])
+        await db.drop_table("table1", namespace_path=["test_ns"])

        # Verify only table2 remains
-        table_names = list(await db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))
+        table_names = list(await db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))
        assert "table1" not in table_names
        assert "table2" in table_names
        assert len(table_names) == 1
@@ -589,20 +605,24 @@ class TestAsyncNamespaceConnection:
            ]
        )
        table = await db.create_table(
-            "test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_namespace"]
+            "test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_namespace"]
        )
        assert table is not None

        # Verify table exists in namespace
-        tables_in_namespace = list(await db.table_names(namespace=["test_namespace"]))
+        tables_in_namespace = list(
+            await db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_namespace"])
+        )
        assert "test_table" in tables_in_namespace
        assert len(tables_in_namespace) == 1

        # Drop table from namespace
-        await db.drop_table("test_table", namespace=["test_namespace"])
+        await db.drop_table("test_table", namespace_path=["test_namespace"])

        # Verify table no longer exists in namespace
-        tables_in_namespace = list(await db.table_names(namespace=["test_namespace"]))
+        tables_in_namespace = list(
+            await db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_namespace"])
+        )
        assert len(tables_in_namespace) == 0

        # Drop namespace
@@ -627,15 +647,98 @@ class TestAsyncNamespaceConnection:
            ]
        )
        for i in range(3):
-            await db.create_table(f"table{i}", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
+            await db.create_table(
+                f"table{i}", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"]
+            )

        # Verify tables exist in child namespace
-        table_names = await db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"])
+        table_names = await db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"])
        assert len(list(table_names)) == 3

        # Drop all tables in child namespace
-        await db.drop_all_tables(namespace=["test_ns"])
+        await db.drop_all_tables(namespace_path=["test_ns"])

        # Verify all tables are gone from child namespace
-        table_names = await db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"])
+        table_names = await db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"])
        assert len(list(table_names)) == 0
+
+
+class TestPushdownOperations:
+    """Test pushdown operations on namespace connections."""
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        """Set up test fixtures."""
+        self.temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+
+    def teardown_method(self):
+        """Clean up test fixtures."""
+        shutil.rmtree(self.temp_dir, ignore_errors=True)
+
+    def test_query_table_pushdown_stored(self):
+        """Test that QueryTable pushdown is stored on sync connection."""
+        db = lancedb.connect_namespace(
+            "dir",
+            {"root": self.temp_dir},
+            namespace_client_pushdown_operations=["QueryTable"],
+        )
+        assert "QueryTable" in db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations
+
+    def test_create_table_pushdown_stored(self):
+        """Test that CreateTable pushdown is stored on sync connection."""
+        db = lancedb.connect_namespace(
+            "dir",
+            {"root": self.temp_dir},
+            namespace_client_pushdown_operations=["CreateTable"],
+        )
+        assert "CreateTable" in db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations
+
+    def test_both_pushdowns_stored(self):
+        """Test that both pushdown operations can be set together."""
+        db = lancedb.connect_namespace(
+            "dir",
+            {"root": self.temp_dir},
+            namespace_client_pushdown_operations=["QueryTable", "CreateTable"],
+        )
+        assert "QueryTable" in db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations
+        assert "CreateTable" in db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations
+
+    def test_pushdown_defaults_to_empty(self):
+        """Test that pushdown operations default to empty."""
+        db = lancedb.connect_namespace("dir", {"root": self.temp_dir})
+        assert len(db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+class TestAsyncPushdownOperations:
+    """Test pushdown operations on async namespace connections."""
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        """Set up test fixtures."""
+        self.temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+
+    def teardown_method(self):
+        """Clean up test fixtures."""
+        shutil.rmtree(self.temp_dir, ignore_errors=True)
+
+    async def test_async_query_table_pushdown_stored(self):
+        """Test that QueryTable pushdown is stored on async connection."""
+        db = lancedb.connect_namespace_async(
+            "dir",
+            {"root": self.temp_dir},
+            namespace_client_pushdown_operations=["QueryTable"],
+        )
+        assert "QueryTable" in db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations
+
+    async def test_async_create_table_pushdown_stored(self):
+        """Test that CreateTable pushdown is stored on async connection."""
+        db = lancedb.connect_namespace_async(
+            "dir",
+            {"root": self.temp_dir},
+            namespace_client_pushdown_operations=["CreateTable"],
+        )
+        assert "CreateTable" in db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations
+
+    async def test_async_pushdown_defaults_to_empty(self):
+        """Test that pushdown operations default to empty on async connection."""
+        db = lancedb.connect_namespace_async("dir", {"root": self.temp_dir})
+        assert len(db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations) == 0
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
 """
 Integration tests for LanceDB Namespace with S3 and credential refresh.

-This test simulates a namespace server that returns incrementing credentials
-and verifies that the credential refresh mechanism works correctly for both
-create_table and open_table operations.
+This test uses DirectoryNamespace with native ops_metrics and vend_input_storage_options
+features to track API calls and test credential refresh mechanisms.
+
+Tests are parameterized to run with both DirectoryNamespace and a CustomNamespace
+wrapper to verify Python-Rust binding works correctly for custom implementations.

 Tests verify:
 - Storage options provider is auto-created and used
@@ -16,24 +18,141 @@ Tests verify:
 """

 import copy
+import shutil
+import sys
+import tempfile
 import time
 import uuid
-from threading import Lock
-from typing import Dict
+from typing import Dict, Optional

 import pyarrow as pa
 import pytest
-from lance_namespace import (
-    CreateEmptyTableRequest,
-    CreateEmptyTableResponse,
+from lance.namespace import (
    DeclareTableRequest,
    DeclareTableResponse,
    DescribeTableRequest,
    DescribeTableResponse,
+    DirectoryNamespace,
    LanceNamespace,
 )
+from lance_namespace import (
+    CreateNamespaceRequest,
+    CreateNamespaceResponse,
+    CreateTableRequest,
+    CreateTableResponse,
+    CreateTableVersionRequest,
+    CreateTableVersionResponse,
+    DeregisterTableRequest,
+    DeregisterTableResponse,
+    DescribeNamespaceRequest,
+    DescribeNamespaceResponse,
+    DescribeTableVersionRequest,
+    DescribeTableVersionResponse,
+    DropNamespaceRequest,
+    DropNamespaceResponse,
+    DropTableRequest,
+    DropTableResponse,
+    ListNamespacesRequest,
+    ListNamespacesResponse,
+    ListTablesRequest,
+    ListTablesResponse,
+    ListTableVersionsRequest,
+    ListTableVersionsResponse,
+    NamespaceExistsRequest,
+    RegisterTableRequest,
+    RegisterTableResponse,
+    TableExistsRequest,
+)
 from lancedb.namespace import LanceNamespaceDBConnection

+
+class CustomNamespace(LanceNamespace):
+    """A custom namespace wrapper that delegates to DirectoryNamespace.
+
+    This class verifies that the Python-Rust binding works correctly for
+    custom namespace implementations that wrap the native DirectoryNamespace.
+    All methods simply delegate to the underlying DirectoryNamespace instance.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, inner: DirectoryNamespace):
+        self._inner = inner
+
+    def namespace_id(self) -> str:
+        return f"CustomNamespace[{self._inner.namespace_id()}]"
+
+    def create_namespace(
+        self, request: CreateNamespaceRequest
+    ) -> CreateNamespaceResponse:
+        return self._inner.create_namespace(request)
+
+    def describe_namespace(
+        self, request: DescribeNamespaceRequest
+    ) -> DescribeNamespaceResponse:
+        return self._inner.describe_namespace(request)
+
+    def namespace_exists(self, request: NamespaceExistsRequest) -> None:
+        return self._inner.namespace_exists(request)
+
+    def drop_namespace(self, request: DropNamespaceRequest) -> DropNamespaceResponse:
+        return self._inner.drop_namespace(request)
+
+    def list_namespaces(self, request: ListNamespacesRequest) -> ListNamespacesResponse:
+        return self._inner.list_namespaces(request)
+
+    def create_table(
+        self, request: CreateTableRequest, data: bytes
+    ) -> CreateTableResponse:
+        return self._inner.create_table(request, data)
+
+    def declare_table(self, request: DeclareTableRequest) -> DeclareTableResponse:
+        return self._inner.declare_table(request)
+
+    def describe_table(self, request: DescribeTableRequest) -> DescribeTableResponse:
+        return self._inner.describe_table(request)
+
+    def table_exists(self, request: TableExistsRequest) -> None:
+        return self._inner.table_exists(request)
+
+    def drop_table(self, request: DropTableRequest) -> DropTableResponse:
+        return self._inner.drop_table(request)
+
+    def list_tables(self, request: ListTablesRequest) -> ListTablesResponse:
+        return self._inner.list_tables(request)
+
+    def register_table(self, request: RegisterTableRequest) -> RegisterTableResponse:
+        return self._inner.register_table(request)
+
+    def deregister_table(
+        self, request: DeregisterTableRequest
+    ) -> DeregisterTableResponse:
+        return self._inner.deregister_table(request)
+
+    def list_table_versions(
+        self, request: ListTableVersionsRequest
+    ) -> ListTableVersionsResponse:
+        return self._inner.list_table_versions(request)
+
+    def describe_table_version(
+        self, request: DescribeTableVersionRequest
+    ) -> DescribeTableVersionResponse:
+        return self._inner.describe_table_version(request)
+
+    def create_table_version(
+        self, request: CreateTableVersionRequest
+    ) -> CreateTableVersionResponse:
+        return self._inner.create_table_version(request)
+
+    def retrieve_ops_metrics(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, int]]:
+        return self._inner.retrieve_ops_metrics()
+
+
+def _wrap_if_custom(ns_client: DirectoryNamespace, use_custom: bool):
+    """Wrap namespace client in CustomNamespace if use_custom is True."""
+    if use_custom:
+        return CustomNamespace(ns_client)
+    return ns_client
+
+
 # LocalStack S3 configuration
 CONFIG = {
    "allow_http": "true",
@@ -89,162 +208,88 @@ def delete_bucket(s3, bucket_name):
        pass


-class TrackingNamespace(LanceNamespace):
+def create_tracking_namespace(
+    bucket_name: str,
+    storage_options: dict,
+    credential_expires_in_seconds: int = 60,
+    use_custom: bool = False,
+):
+    """Create a DirectoryNamespace with ops metrics and credential vending enabled.
+
+    Uses native DirectoryNamespace features:
+    - ops_metrics_enabled=true: Tracks API call counts via retrieve_ops_metrics()
+    - vend_input_storage_options=true: Returns input storage options in responses
+    - vend_input_storage_options_refresh_interval_millis: Adds expires_at_millis
+
+    Args:
+        bucket_name: S3 bucket name or local path
+        storage_options: Storage options to pass through (credentials, endpoint, etc.)
+        credential_expires_in_seconds: Interval in seconds for credential expiration
+        use_custom: If True, wrap in CustomNamespace for testing custom implementations
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (namespace_client, inner_namespace_client) where inner is always
+        the DirectoryNamespace (used for metrics retrieval)
    """
-    Mock namespace that wraps DirectoryNamespace and tracks API calls.
+    # Add refresh_offset_millis to storage options so that credentials are not
+    # considered expired immediately. Set to 1 second (1000ms) so that refresh
+    # checks work correctly with short-lived credentials in tests.
+    storage_options_with_refresh = dict(storage_options)
+    storage_options_with_refresh["refresh_offset_millis"] = "1000"

-    This namespace returns incrementing credentials with each API call to simulate
-    credential rotation. It also tracks the number of times each API is called
-    to verify caching behavior.
-    """
+    dir_props = {f"storage.{k}": v for k, v in storage_options_with_refresh.items()}

-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        bucket_name: str,
-        storage_options: Dict[str, str],
-        credential_expires_in_seconds: int = 60,
-    ):
-        from lance.namespace import DirectoryNamespace
+    if bucket_name.startswith("/") or bucket_name.startswith("file://"):
+        dir_props["root"] = f"{bucket_name}/namespace_root"
+    else:
+        dir_props["root"] = f"s3://{bucket_name}/namespace_root"

-        self.bucket_name = bucket_name
-        self.base_storage_options = storage_options
-        self.credential_expires_in_seconds = credential_expires_in_seconds
-        self.describe_call_count = 0
-        self.create_call_count = 0
-        self.lock = Lock()
+    # Enable ops metrics tracking
+    dir_props["ops_metrics_enabled"] = "true"
+    # Enable storage options vending
+    dir_props["vend_input_storage_options"] = "true"
+    # Set refresh interval in milliseconds
+    dir_props["vend_input_storage_options_refresh_interval_millis"] = str(
+        credential_expires_in_seconds * 1000
+    )

-        # Create underlying DirectoryNamespace with storage options
-        dir_props = {f"storage.{k}": v for k, v in storage_options.items()}
+    inner_ns_client = DirectoryNamespace(**dir_props)
+    ns_client = _wrap_if_custom(inner_ns_client, use_custom)
+    return ns_client, inner_ns_client

-        # Use S3 path for bucket name, local path for file paths
-        if bucket_name.startswith("/") or bucket_name.startswith("file://"):
-            dir_props["root"] = f"{bucket_name}/namespace_root"
-        else:
-            dir_props["root"] = f"s3://{bucket_name}/namespace_root"

-        self.inner = DirectoryNamespace(**dir_props)
+def get_describe_call_count(namespace_client) -> int:
+    """Get the number of describe_table calls made to the namespace client."""
+    return namespace_client.retrieve_ops_metrics().get("describe_table", 0)

-    def get_describe_call_count(self) -> int:
-        """Thread-safe getter for describe call count."""
-        with self.lock:
-            return self.describe_call_count

-    def get_create_call_count(self) -> int:
-        """Thread-safe getter for create call count."""
-        with self.lock:
-            return self.create_call_count
-
-    def namespace_id(self) -> str:
-        """Return namespace identifier."""
-        return f"TrackingNamespace {{ inner: {self.inner.namespace_id()} }}"
-
-    def _modify_storage_options(
-        self, storage_options: Dict[str, str], count: int
-    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
-        """
-        Add incrementing credentials with expiration timestamp.
-
-        This simulates a credential rotation system where each call returns
-        new credentials that expire after credential_expires_in_seconds.
-        """
-        # Start from base storage options (endpoint, region, allow_http, etc.)
-        # because DirectoryNamespace returns None for storage_options from
-        # describe_table/declare_table when no credential vendor is configured.
-        modified = copy.deepcopy(self.base_storage_options)
-        if storage_options:
-            modified.update(storage_options)
-
-        # Increment credentials to simulate rotation
-        modified["aws_access_key_id"] = f"AKID_{count}"
-        modified["aws_secret_access_key"] = f"SECRET_{count}"
-        modified["aws_session_token"] = f"TOKEN_{count}"
-
-        # Set expiration time
-        expires_at_millis = int(
-            (time.time() + self.credential_expires_in_seconds) * 1000
-        )
-        modified["expires_at_millis"] = str(expires_at_millis)
-
-        return modified
-
-    def declare_table(self, request: DeclareTableRequest) -> DeclareTableResponse:
-        """Track declare_table calls and inject rotating credentials."""
-        with self.lock:
-            self.create_call_count += 1
-            count = self.create_call_count
-
-        response = self.inner.declare_table(request)
-        response.storage_options = self._modify_storage_options(
-            response.storage_options, count
-        )
-
-        return response
-
-    def create_empty_table(
-        self, request: CreateEmptyTableRequest
-    ) -> CreateEmptyTableResponse:
-        """Track create_empty_table calls and inject rotating credentials."""
-        with self.lock:
-            self.create_call_count += 1
-            count = self.create_call_count
-
-        response = self.inner.create_empty_table(request)
-        response.storage_options = self._modify_storage_options(
-            response.storage_options, count
-        )
-
-        return response
-
-    def describe_table(self, request: DescribeTableRequest) -> DescribeTableResponse:
-        """Track describe_table calls and inject rotating credentials."""
-        with self.lock:
-            self.describe_call_count += 1
-            count = self.describe_call_count
-
-        response = self.inner.describe_table(request)
-        response.storage_options = self._modify_storage_options(
-            response.storage_options, count
-        )
-
-        return response
-
-    # Pass through other methods to inner namespace
-    def list_tables(self, request):
-        return self.inner.list_tables(request)
-
-    def drop_table(self, request):
-        return self.inner.drop_table(request)
-
-    def list_namespaces(self, request):
-        return self.inner.list_namespaces(request)
-
-    def create_namespace(self, request):
-        return self.inner.create_namespace(request)
-
-    def drop_namespace(self, request):
-        return self.inner.drop_namespace(request)
+def get_declare_call_count(namespace_client) -> int:
+    """Get the number of declare_table calls made to the namespace client."""
+    return namespace_client.retrieve_ops_metrics().get("declare_table", 0)


@pytest.mark.s3_test
-def test_namespace_create_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
+def test_namespace_create_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    """
    Test creating a table through namespace with storage options provider.

    Verifies:
-    - create_empty_table is called once to reserve location
+    - declare_table is called once to reserve location
    - Storage options provider is auto-created
    - Table can be written successfully
    - Credentials are cached during write operations
    """
    storage_options = copy.deepcopy(CONFIG)

-    namespace = TrackingNamespace(
+    ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
        bucket_name=s3_bucket,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        credential_expires_in_seconds=3600,  # 1 hour
+        use_custom=use_custom,
    )

-    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(namespace)
+    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)

    # Create unique namespace for this test
    namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
@@ -254,8 +299,8 @@ def test_namespace_create_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str):
    namespace_path = [namespace_name]

    # Verify initial state
-    assert namespace.get_create_call_count() == 0
-    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == 0
+    assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0
+    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0

    # Create table with data
    data = pa.table(
@@ -266,12 +311,12 @@ def test_namespace_create_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str):
        }
    )

-    table = db.create_table(table_name, data, namespace=namespace_path)
+    table = db.create_table(table_name, data, namespace_path=namespace_path)

-    # Verify create_empty_table was called exactly once
-    assert namespace.get_create_call_count() == 1
+    # Verify declare_table was called exactly once
+    assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
    # describe_table should NOT be called during create in create mode
-    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == 0
+    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0

    # Verify table was created successfully
    assert table.name == table_name
@@ -281,7 +326,8 @@ def test_namespace_create_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str):


@pytest.mark.s3_test
-def test_namespace_open_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
+def test_namespace_open_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    """
    Test opening a table through namespace with storage options provider.

@@ -293,13 +339,14 @@ def test_namespace_open_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str):
    """
    storage_options = copy.deepcopy(CONFIG)

-    namespace = TrackingNamespace(
+    ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
        bucket_name=s3_bucket,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        credential_expires_in_seconds=3600,
+        use_custom=use_custom,
    )

-    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(namespace)
+    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)

    # Create unique namespace for this test
    namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
@@ -317,21 +364,21 @@ def test_namespace_open_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str):
        }
    )

-    db.create_table(table_name, data, namespace=namespace_path)
+    db.create_table(table_name, data, namespace_path=namespace_path)

-    initial_create_count = namespace.get_create_call_count()
-    assert initial_create_count == 1
+    initial_declare_count = get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client)
+    assert initial_declare_count == 1

    # Open the table
-    opened_table = db.open_table(table_name, namespace=namespace_path)
+    opened_table = db.open_table(table_name, namespace_path=namespace_path)

    # Verify describe_table was called exactly once
-    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == 1
-    # create_empty_table should not be called again
-    assert namespace.get_create_call_count() == initial_create_count
+    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
+    # declare_table should not be called again
+    assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == initial_declare_count

    # Perform multiple read operations
-    describe_count_after_open = namespace.get_describe_call_count()
+    describe_count_after_open = get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client)

    for _ in range(3):
        result = opened_table.to_pandas()
@@ -340,11 +387,72 @@ def test_namespace_open_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str):
        assert count == 5

    # Verify credentials were cached (no additional describe_table calls)
-    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == describe_count_after_open
+    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == describe_count_after_open
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32",
+    reason="TODO: fix schema-only namespace metrics test on Windows",
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
+def test_namespace_create_schema_only_with_provider(use_custom: bool):
+    """
+    Test creating a schema-only table through namespace with storage options provider.
+
+    Verifies:
+    - declare_table is called once to reserve the location
+    - describe_table is not needed during create in create mode
+    - the table can be reopened successfully afterward
+    - opening the table triggers exactly one describe_table call
+    """
+    temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+    try:
+        ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
+            bucket_name=temp_dir,
+            storage_options={},
+            credential_expires_in_seconds=3600,
+            use_custom=use_custom,
+        )
+
+        db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)
+
+        namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+        db.create_namespace([namespace_name])
+
+        table_name = f"test_table_{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
+        namespace_path = [namespace_name]
+        schema = pa.schema(
+            [
+                pa.field("id", pa.int64()),
+                pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2)),
+                pa.field("text", pa.string()),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0
+        assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0
+
+        table = db.create_table(
+            table_name, schema=schema, namespace_path=namespace_path
+        )
+
+        assert table.name == table_name
+        assert table.namespace == namespace_path
+        assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
+        assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0
+
+        reopened_table = db.open_table(table_name, namespace_path=namespace_path)
+
+        assert reopened_table.schema == schema
+        assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
+        assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
+    finally:
+        shutil.rmtree(temp_dir, ignore_errors=True)


@pytest.mark.s3_test
-def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_read(s3_bucket: str):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
+def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_read(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    """
    Test credential refresh when credentials expire during read operations.

@@ -355,13 +463,14 @@ def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_read(s3_bucket: str):
    """
    storage_options = copy.deepcopy(CONFIG)

-    namespace = TrackingNamespace(
+    ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
        bucket_name=s3_bucket,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        credential_expires_in_seconds=3,  # Short expiration for testing
+        use_custom=use_custom,
    )

-    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(namespace)
+    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)

    # Create unique namespace for this test
    namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
@@ -378,16 +487,16 @@ def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_read(s3_bucket: str):
        }
    )

-    db.create_table(table_name, data, namespace=namespace_path)
+    db.create_table(table_name, data, namespace_path=namespace_path)

    # Open table (triggers describe_table)
-    opened_table = db.open_table(table_name, namespace=namespace_path)
+    opened_table = db.open_table(table_name, namespace_path=namespace_path)

    # Perform an immediate read (should use credentials from open)
    result = opened_table.to_pandas()
    assert len(result) == 3

-    describe_count_after_first_read = namespace.get_describe_call_count()
+    describe_count_after_first_read = get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client)

    # Wait for credentials to expire (3 seconds + buffer)
    time.sleep(5)
@@ -396,7 +505,7 @@ def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_read(s3_bucket: str):
    result = opened_table.to_pandas()
    assert len(result) == 3

-    describe_count_after_refresh = namespace.get_describe_call_count()
+    describe_count_after_refresh = get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client)
    # Verify describe_table was called again (credential refresh)
    refresh_delta = describe_count_after_refresh - describe_count_after_first_read

@@ -409,7 +518,8 @@ def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_read(s3_bucket: str):


@pytest.mark.s3_test
-def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_write(s3_bucket: str):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
+def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_write(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    """
    Test credential refresh when credentials expire during write operations.

@@ -420,13 +530,14 @@ def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_write(s3_bucket: str):
    """
    storage_options = copy.deepcopy(CONFIG)

-    namespace = TrackingNamespace(
+    ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
        bucket_name=s3_bucket,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        credential_expires_in_seconds=3,  # Short expiration
+        use_custom=use_custom,
    )

-    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(namespace)
+    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)

    # Create unique namespace for this test
    namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
@@ -443,7 +554,7 @@ def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_write(s3_bucket: str):
        }
    )

-    table = db.create_table(table_name, initial_data, namespace=namespace_path)
+    table = db.create_table(table_name, initial_data, namespace_path=namespace_path)

    # Add more data (should use cached credentials)
    new_data = pa.table(
@@ -471,24 +582,26 @@ def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_write(s3_bucket: str):


@pytest.mark.s3_test
-def test_namespace_overwrite_mode(s3_bucket: str):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
+def test_namespace_overwrite_mode(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    """
    Test creating table in overwrite mode with credential tracking.

    Verifies:
-    - First create calls create_empty_table exactly once
+    - First create calls declare_table exactly once
    - Overwrite mode calls describe_table exactly once to check existence
    - Storage options provider works in overwrite mode
    """
    storage_options = copy.deepcopy(CONFIG)

-    namespace = TrackingNamespace(
+    ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
        bucket_name=s3_bucket,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        credential_expires_in_seconds=3600,
+        use_custom=use_custom,
    )

-    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(namespace)
+    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)

    # Create unique namespace for this test
    namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
@@ -505,11 +618,11 @@ def test_namespace_overwrite_mode(s3_bucket: str):
        }
    )

-    table = db.create_table(table_name, data1, namespace=namespace_path)
-    # Exactly one create_empty_table call for initial create
-    assert namespace.get_create_call_count() == 1
+    table = db.create_table(table_name, data1, namespace_path=namespace_path)
+    # Exactly one declare_table call for initial create
+    assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
    # No describe_table calls in create mode
-    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == 0
+    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0
    assert table.count_rows() == 2

    # Overwrite the table
@@ -521,14 +634,14 @@ def test_namespace_overwrite_mode(s3_bucket: str):
    )

    table2 = db.create_table(
-        table_name, data2, namespace=namespace_path, mode="overwrite"
+        table_name, data2, namespace_path=namespace_path, mode="overwrite"
    )

-    # Should still have only 1 create_empty_table call
+    # Should still have only 1 declare_table call
    # (overwrite reuses location from describe_table)
-    assert namespace.get_create_call_count() == 1
+    assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
    # Should have called describe_table exactly once to get existing table location
-    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == 1
+    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1

    # Verify new data
    assert table2.count_rows() == 3
@@ -537,7 +650,8 @@ def test_namespace_overwrite_mode(s3_bucket: str):


@pytest.mark.s3_test
-def test_namespace_multiple_tables(s3_bucket: str):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
+def test_namespace_multiple_tables(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    """
    Test creating and opening multiple tables in the same namespace.

@@ -548,13 +662,14 @@ def test_namespace_multiple_tables(s3_bucket: str):
    """
    storage_options = copy.deepcopy(CONFIG)

-    namespace = TrackingNamespace(
+    ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
        bucket_name=s3_bucket,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        credential_expires_in_seconds=3600,
+        use_custom=use_custom,
    )

-    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(namespace)
+    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)

    # Create unique namespace for this test
    namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
@@ -564,22 +679,22 @@ def test_namespace_multiple_tables(s3_bucket: str):
    # Create first table
    table1_name = f"table1_{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
    data1 = pa.table({"id": [1, 2], "value": [10, 20]})
-    db.create_table(table1_name, data1, namespace=namespace_path)
+    db.create_table(table1_name, data1, namespace_path=namespace_path)

    # Create second table
    table2_name = f"table2_{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
    data2 = pa.table({"id": [3, 4], "value": [30, 40]})
-    db.create_table(table2_name, data2, namespace=namespace_path)
+    db.create_table(table2_name, data2, namespace_path=namespace_path)

-    # Should have 2 create calls (one per table)
-    assert namespace.get_create_call_count() == 2
+    # Should have 2 declare calls (one per table)
+    assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 2

    # Open both tables
-    opened1 = db.open_table(table1_name, namespace=namespace_path)
-    opened2 = db.open_table(table2_name, namespace=namespace_path)
+    opened1 = db.open_table(table1_name, namespace_path=namespace_path)
+    opened2 = db.open_table(table2_name, namespace_path=namespace_path)

    # Should have 2 describe calls (one per open)
-    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == 2
+    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 2

    # Verify both tables work independently
    assert opened1.count_rows() == 2
@@ -593,7 +708,8 @@ def test_namespace_multiple_tables(s3_bucket: str):


@pytest.mark.s3_test
-def test_namespace_with_schema_only(s3_bucket: str):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
+def test_namespace_with_schema_only(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    """
    Test creating empty table with schema only (no data).

@@ -604,13 +720,14 @@ def test_namespace_with_schema_only(s3_bucket: str):
    """
    storage_options = copy.deepcopy(CONFIG)

-    namespace = TrackingNamespace(
+    ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
        bucket_name=s3_bucket,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        credential_expires_in_seconds=3600,
+        use_custom=use_custom,
    )

-    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(namespace)
+    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)

    # Create unique namespace for this test
    namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
@@ -628,12 +745,12 @@ def test_namespace_with_schema_only(s3_bucket: str):
        ]
    )

-    table = db.create_table(table_name, schema=schema, namespace=namespace_path)
+    table = db.create_table(table_name, schema=schema, namespace_path=namespace_path)

-    # Should have called create_empty_table once
-    assert namespace.get_create_call_count() == 1
+    # Should have called declare_table once
+    assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
    # Should NOT have called describe_table in create mode
-    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == 0
+    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0

    # Verify empty table
    assert table.count_rows() == 0
@@ -522,6 +522,50 @@ def test_no_split_names(some_table: Table):
    assert permutations[1].num_rows == 500


+def test_permutations_metadata_without_split_names_key(mem_db: DBConnection):
+    """Regression: schema metadata present but missing split_names key must not crash.
+
+    Previously, `.get(b"split_names", None).decode()` was called unconditionally,
+    so any permutation table whose metadata dict had other keys but no split_names
+    raised AttributeError: 'NoneType' has no attribute 'decode'.
+    """
+    base = mem_db.create_table("base_nosplit", pa.table({"x": range(10)}))
+
+    # Build a permutation-like table that carries some metadata but NOT split_names.
+    raw = pa.table(
+        {
+            "row_id": pa.array(range(10), type=pa.uint64()),
+            "split_id": pa.array([0] * 10, type=pa.uint32()),
+        }
+    ).replace_schema_metadata({b"other_key": b"other_value"})
+    perm_tbl = mem_db.create_table("perm_nosplit", raw)
+
+    permutations = Permutations(base, perm_tbl)
+    assert permutations.split_names == []
+    assert permutations.split_dict == {}
+
+
+def test_from_tables_string_split_missing_names_key(mem_db: DBConnection):
+    """Regression: from_tables() with a string split must raise ValueError, not
+    AttributeError.
+
+    Previously, `.get(b"split_names", None).decode()` crashed with AttributeError
+    when the metadata dict existed but had no split_names key.
+    """
+    base = mem_db.create_table("base_strsplit", pa.table({"x": range(10)}))
+
+    raw = pa.table(
+        {
+            "row_id": pa.array(range(10), type=pa.uint64()),
+            "split_id": pa.array([0] * 10, type=pa.uint32()),
+        }
+    ).replace_schema_metadata({b"other_key": b"other_value"})
+    perm_tbl = mem_db.create_table("perm_strsplit", raw)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="no split names are defined"):
+        Permutation.from_tables(base, perm_tbl, split="train")
+
+
@pytest.fixture
 def some_perm_table(some_table: Table) -> Table:
    return (
@@ -1051,3 +1095,8 @@ def test_getitems_invalid_offset(some_permutation: Permutation):
    """Test __getitems__ with an out-of-range offset raises an error."""
    with pytest.raises(Exception):
        some_permutation.__getitems__([999999])
+
+
+def test_fetch_matches_getitems(some_permutation: Permutation):
+    indices = [0, 1, 2, 10, 100]
+    assert some_permutation.fetch(indices) == some_permutation.__getitems__(indices)
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@

 import json
 from datetime import date, datetime
+from enum import Enum
 from typing import List, Optional, Tuple

 import pyarrow as pa
@@ -673,3 +674,29 @@ async def test_aliases_in_lance_model_async(mem_db_async):
    assert hasattr(model, "name")
    assert hasattr(model, "distance")
    assert model.distance < 0.01
+
+
+def test_enum_types():
+    """Enum fields should map to the Arrow type of their value (issue #1846)."""
+
+    class StrStatus(str, Enum):
+        PENDING = "pending"
+        RUNNING = "running"
+        DONE = "done"
+
+    class IntPriority(int, Enum):
+        LOW = 1
+        MEDIUM = 2
+        HIGH = 3
+
+    class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
+        status: StrStatus
+        priority: IntPriority
+        opt_status: Optional[StrStatus] = None
+
+    schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
+
+    assert schema.field("status").type == pa.dictionary(pa.int32(), pa.utf8())
+    assert schema.field("priority").type == pa.int64()
+    assert schema.field("opt_status").type == pa.dictionary(pa.int32(), pa.utf8())
+    assert schema.field("opt_status").nullable
@@ -1385,7 +1385,7 @@ def test_query_timeout(tmp_path):
        }
    )
    table = db.create_table("test", data)
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False)
+    table.create_fts_index("text")

    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="Query timeout"):
        table.search().where("text = 'a'").to_list(timeout=timedelta(0))
@@ -26,11 +26,8 @@ from lancedb.rerankers import (
 )
 from lancedb.table import LanceTable

-# Tests rely on FTS index
-pytest.importorskip("lancedb.fts")

-
-def get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
+def get_test_table(tmp_path):
    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
    # Create a LanceDB table schema with a vector and a text column
    emb = EmbeddingFunctionRegistry.get_instance().get("test").create()
@@ -98,7 +95,7 @@ def get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
    )

    # Create a fts index
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=use_tantivy, replace=True)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", replace=True)

    return table, MyTable

@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ def _run_test_reranker(reranker, table, query, query_vector, schema):
    assert len(result) == 20 and result == result_arrow


-def _run_test_hybrid_reranker(reranker, tmp_path, use_tantivy):
-    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+def _run_test_hybrid_reranker(reranker, tmp_path):
+    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path)
    # The default reranker
    result1 = (
        table.search(
@@ -285,8 +282,7 @@ def _run_test_hybrid_reranker(reranker, tmp_path, use_tantivy):
    )


-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_linear_combination(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
+def test_linear_combination(tmp_path):
    reranker = LinearCombinationReranker()

    vector_results = pa.Table.from_pydict(
@@ -313,22 +309,20 @@ def test_linear_combination(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
    assert "_score" not in combined_results.column_names
    assert "_relevance_score" in combined_results.column_names

-    _run_test_hybrid_reranker(reranker, tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+    _run_test_hybrid_reranker(reranker, tmp_path)


-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_rrf_reranker(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
+def test_rrf_reranker(tmp_path):
    reranker = RRFReranker()
-    _run_test_hybrid_reranker(reranker, tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+    _run_test_hybrid_reranker(reranker, tmp_path)


-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_mrr_reranker(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
+def test_mrr_reranker(tmp_path):
    reranker = MRRReranker()
-    _run_test_hybrid_reranker(reranker, tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+    _run_test_hybrid_reranker(reranker, tmp_path)

    # Test multi-vector part
-    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path)
    query = "single player experience"
    rs1 = table.search(query, vector_column_name="vector").limit(10).with_row_id(True)
    rs2 = (
@@ -363,7 +357,7 @@ def test_rrf_reranker_distance():
    table = db.create_table("test", data)

    table.create_index(num_partitions=1, num_sub_vectors=2)
-    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False)
+    table.create_fts_index("text")

    reranker = RRFReranker(return_score="all")

@@ -422,35 +416,31 @@ def test_rrf_reranker_distance():
@pytest.mark.skipif(
    os.environ.get("COHERE_API_KEY") is None, reason="COHERE_API_KEY not set"
 )
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_cohere_reranker(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
+def test_cohere_reranker(tmp_path):
    pytest.importorskip("cohere")
    reranker = CohereReranker()
-    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path)
    _run_test_reranker(reranker, table, "single player experience", None, schema)


-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_cross_encoder_reranker(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
+def test_cross_encoder_reranker(tmp_path):
    pytest.importorskip("sentence_transformers")
    reranker = CrossEncoderReranker()
-    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path)
    _run_test_reranker(reranker, table, "single player experience", None, schema)


-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_colbert_reranker(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
+def test_colbert_reranker(tmp_path):
    pytest.importorskip("rerankers")
    reranker = ColbertReranker()
-    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path)
    _run_test_reranker(reranker, table, "single player experience", None, schema)


-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_answerdotai_reranker(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
+def test_answerdotai_reranker(tmp_path):
    pytest.importorskip("rerankers")
    reranker = AnswerdotaiRerankers()
-    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path)
    _run_test_reranker(reranker, table, "single player experience", None, schema)


@@ -459,10 +449,9 @@ def test_answerdotai_reranker(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
    or os.environ.get("OPENAI_BASE_URL") is not None,
    reason="OPENAI_API_KEY not set",
 )
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_openai_reranker(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
+def test_openai_reranker(tmp_path):
    pytest.importorskip("openai")
-    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path)
    reranker = OpenaiReranker()
    _run_test_reranker(reranker, table, "single player experience", None, schema)

@@ -470,10 +459,9 @@ def test_openai_reranker(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
@pytest.mark.skipif(
    os.environ.get("JINA_API_KEY") is None, reason="JINA_API_KEY not set"
 )
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_jina_reranker(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
+def test_jina_reranker(tmp_path):
    pytest.importorskip("jina")
-    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path)
    reranker = JinaReranker()
    _run_test_reranker(reranker, table, "single player experience", None, schema)

@@ -481,11 +469,10 @@ def test_jina_reranker(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
@pytest.mark.skipif(
    os.environ.get("VOYAGE_API_KEY") is None, reason="VOYAGE_API_KEY not set"
 )
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_voyageai_reranker(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
+def test_voyageai_reranker(tmp_path):
    pytest.importorskip("voyageai")
    reranker = VoyageAIReranker(model_name="rerank-2.5")
-    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path)
    _run_test_reranker(reranker, table, "single player experience", None, schema)


@@ -504,7 +491,7 @@ def test_empty_result_reranker():

    # Create empty table with schema
    empty_table = db.create_table("empty_table", schema=schema, mode="overwrite")
-    empty_table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, replace=True)
+    empty_table.create_fts_index("text", replace=True)
    for reranker in [
        CrossEncoderReranker(),
        # ColbertReranker(),
@@ -603,11 +590,10 @@ def test_empty_hybrid_result_reranker():
    assert "_rowid" in result.column_names


-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
-def test_cross_encoder_reranker_return_all(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
+def test_cross_encoder_reranker_return_all(tmp_path):
    pytest.importorskip("sentence_transformers")
    reranker = CrossEncoderReranker(return_score="all")
-    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path, use_tantivy)
+    table, schema = get_test_table(tmp_path)
    query = "single player experience"
    result = (
        table.search(query, query_type="hybrid", vector_column_name="vector")
@@ -242,8 +242,8 @@ def test_s3_dynamodb_sync(s3_bucket: str, commit_table: str, monkeypatch):

    # FTS indices should error since they are not supported yet.
    with pytest.raises(
-        NotImplementedError,
-        match="Full-text search is only supported on the local filesystem",
+        ValueError,
+        match="Tantivy-based FTS has been removed",
    ):
        table.create_fts_index("x", use_tantivy=True)

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@


 import os
+import sys
 from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta
 from time import sleep
 from typing import List
@@ -1049,6 +1050,231 @@ def test_add_with_nans(mem_db: DBConnection):
    assert np.allclose(v, np.array([0.0, 0.0]))


+def test_add_with_empty_fixed_size_list_drops_bad_rows(mem_db: DBConnection):
+    class Schema(LanceModel):
+        text: str
+        embedding: Vector(16)
+
+    table = mem_db.create_table("test_empty_embeddings", schema=Schema)
+    table.add(
+        [
+            {"text": "hello", "embedding": []},
+            {"text": "bar", "embedding": [0.1] * 16},
+        ],
+        on_bad_vectors="drop",
+    )
+
+    data = table.to_arrow()
+    assert data["text"].to_pylist() == ["bar"]
+    assert np.allclose(data["embedding"].to_pylist()[0], np.array([0.1] * 16))
+
+
+def test_add_with_integer_embeddings_preserves_casting(mem_db: DBConnection):
+    class Schema(LanceModel):
+        text: str
+        embedding: Vector(4)
+
+    table = mem_db.create_table("test_integer_embeddings", schema=Schema)
+    table.add(
+        [{"text": "foo", "embedding": [1, 2, 3, 4]}],
+        on_bad_vectors="drop",
+    )
+
+    assert table.to_arrow()["embedding"].to_pylist() == [[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]]
+
+
+def test_on_bad_vectors_does_not_handle_non_vector_fixed_size_lists(
+    mem_db: DBConnection,
+):
+    schema = pa.schema(
+        [
+            pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 4)),
+            pa.field("bbox", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 4)),
+        ]
+    )
+    table = mem_db.create_table("test_bbox_schema", schema=schema)
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="FixedSizeListType"):
+        table.add(
+            [{"vector": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0], "bbox": [0.0, 1.0]}],
+            on_bad_vectors="drop",
+        )
+
+
+def test_on_bad_vectors_does_not_handle_custom_named_fixed_size_lists(
+    mem_db: DBConnection,
+):
+    schema = pa.schema([pa.field("features", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 16))])
+    table = mem_db.create_table("test_custom_named_fixed_size_vector", schema=schema)
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="FixedSizeListType"):
+        table.add(
+            [
+                {"features": []},
+                {"features": [0.1] * 16},
+            ],
+            on_bad_vectors="drop",
+        )
+
+
+def test_on_bad_vectors_with_schema_list_vector_still_sanitizes(mem_db: DBConnection):
+    schema = pa.schema([pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32()))])
+    table = mem_db.create_table("test_schema_list_vector", schema=schema)
+    table.add(
+        [
+            {"vector": [1.0, 2.0]},
+            {"vector": [3.0]},
+            {"vector": [4.0, 5.0]},
+        ],
+        on_bad_vectors="drop",
+    )
+
+    assert table.to_arrow()["vector"].to_pylist() == [[1.0, 2.0], [4.0, 5.0]]
+
+
+def test_on_bad_vectors_handles_typed_custom_fixed_vectors_for_list_schema(
+    mem_db: DBConnection,
+):
+    schema = pa.schema([pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.float32()))])
+    table = mem_db.create_table("test_typed_custom_fixed_vector", schema=schema)
+    data = pa.table(
+        {
+            "vec": pa.array(
+                [[float("nan")] * 16, [1.0] * 16],
+                type=pa.list_(pa.float32(), 16),
+            )
+        }
+    )
+
+    table.add(data, on_bad_vectors="drop")
+
+    assert table.to_arrow()["vec"].to_pylist() == [[1.0] * 16]
+
+
+def test_on_bad_vectors_fill_preserves_arrow_nested_vector_type(mem_db: DBConnection):
+    schema = pa.schema([pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32()))])
+    table = mem_db.create_table("test_fill_arrow_nested_type", schema=schema)
+    data = pa.table(
+        {
+            "vector": pa.array(
+                [[1.0, 2.0], [float("nan"), 3.0]],
+                type=pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2),
+            )
+        }
+    )
+
+    table.add(
+        data,
+        on_bad_vectors="fill",
+        fill_value=0.0,
+    )
+
+    assert table.to_arrow()["vector"].to_pylist() == [[1.0, 2.0], [0.0, 0.0]]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("table_name", "batch1", "expected"),
+    [
+        (
+            "test_schema_list_vector_empty_prefix",
+            pa.record_batch({"vector": [[], []]}),
+            [[], [], [1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]],
+        ),
+        (
+            "test_schema_list_vector_all_bad_prefix",
+            pa.record_batch({"vector": [[float("nan")] * 3, [float("nan")] * 3]}),
+            [[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]],
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_on_bad_vectors_with_schema_list_vector_ignores_invalid_prefix_batches(
+    mem_db: DBConnection,
+    table_name: str,
+    batch1: pa.RecordBatch,
+    expected: list,
+):
+    schema = pa.schema([pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32()))])
+    table = mem_db.create_table(table_name, schema=schema)
+    batch2 = pa.record_batch({"vector": [[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]]})
+    reader = pa.RecordBatchReader.from_batches(batch1.schema, [batch1, batch2])
+
+    table.add(reader, on_bad_vectors="drop")
+
+    assert table.to_arrow()["vector"].to_pylist() == expected
+
+
+def test_on_bad_vectors_with_multiple_vectors_locks_dim_after_final_drop(
+    mem_db: DBConnection,
+):
+    registry = EmbeddingFunctionRegistry.get_instance()
+    func = MockTextEmbeddingFunction.create()
+    metadata = registry.get_table_metadata(
+        [
+            EmbeddingFunctionConfig(
+                source_column="text1", vector_column="vec1", function=func
+            ),
+            EmbeddingFunctionConfig(
+                source_column="text2", vector_column="vec2", function=func
+            ),
+        ]
+    )
+    schema = pa.schema(
+        [
+            pa.field("vec1", pa.list_(pa.float32())),
+            pa.field("vec2", pa.list_(pa.float32())),
+        ],
+        metadata=metadata,
+    )
+    table = mem_db.create_table("test_multi_vector_dim_lock", schema=schema)
+    batch1 = pa.record_batch(
+        {
+            "vec1": [[1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [10.0, 11.0]],
+            "vec2": [[float("nan"), 0.0], [5.0, 6.0]],
+        }
+    )
+    batch2 = pa.record_batch(
+        {
+            "vec1": [[20.0, 21.0], [30.0, 31.0]],
+            "vec2": [[7.0, 8.0], [9.0, 10.0]],
+        }
+    )
+    reader = pa.RecordBatchReader.from_batches(batch1.schema, [batch1, batch2])
+
+    table.add(reader, on_bad_vectors="drop")
+
+    data = table.to_arrow()
+    assert data["vec1"].to_pylist() == [[10.0, 11.0], [20.0, 21.0], [30.0, 31.0]]
+    assert data["vec2"].to_pylist() == [[5.0, 6.0], [7.0, 8.0], [9.0, 10.0]]
+
+
+def test_on_bad_vectors_does_not_handle_non_vector_list_columns(mem_db: DBConnection):
+    schema = pa.schema([pa.field("embedding_history", pa.list_(pa.float32()))])
+    table = mem_db.create_table("test_non_vector_list_schema", schema=schema)
+    table.add(
+        [
+            {"embedding_history": [1.0, 2.0]},
+            {"embedding_history": [3.0]},
+        ],
+        on_bad_vectors="drop",
+    )
+
+    assert table.to_arrow()["embedding_history"].to_pylist() == [
+        [1.0, 2.0],
+        [3.0],
+    ]
+
+
+def test_on_bad_vectors_all_null_schema_vector_batches_do_not_crash(
+    mem_db: DBConnection,
+):
+    schema = pa.schema([pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2), nullable=True)])
+    table = mem_db.create_table("test_all_null_vector_batch", schema=schema)
+
+    table.add([{"vector": None}], on_bad_vectors="drop")
+
+    assert table.to_arrow()["vector"].to_pylist() == [None]
+
+
 def test_restore(mem_db: DBConnection):
    table = mem_db.create_table(
        "my_table",
@@ -1722,7 +1948,6 @@ def setup_hybrid_search_table(db: DBConnection, embedding_func):

 def test_hybrid_search(tmp_db: DBConnection):
    # This test uses an FTS index
-    pytest.importorskip("lancedb.fts")
    pytest.importorskip("lance")

    table, MyTable, emb = setup_hybrid_search_table(tmp_db, "test")
@@ -1793,7 +2018,6 @@ def test_hybrid_search(tmp_db: DBConnection):

 def test_hybrid_search_metric_type(tmp_db: DBConnection):
    # This test uses an FTS index
-    pytest.importorskip("lancedb.fts")
    pytest.importorskip("lance")

    # Need to use nonnorm as the embedding function so l2 and dot results
@@ -1815,6 +2039,13 @@ def test_hybrid_search_metric_type(tmp_db: DBConnection):
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "consistency_interval", [None, timedelta(seconds=0), timedelta(seconds=0.1)]
 )
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32",
+    reason=(
+        "TODO: directory namespace is not supported on Windows yet; "
+        "re-enable after that is fixed."
+    ),
+)
 def test_consistency(tmp_path, consistency_interval):
    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
    table = db.create_table("my_table", data=[{"id": 0}])
@@ -1835,7 +2066,6 @@ def test_consistency(tmp_path, consistency_interval):
    elif consistency_interval == timedelta(seconds=0):
        assert table2.version == table.version
    else:
-        # (consistency_interval == timedelta(seconds=0.1)
        assert table2.version == table.version - 1
        sleep(0.1)
        assert table2.version == table.version
@@ -2108,7 +2338,7 @@ def test_stats(mem_db: DBConnection):
    stats = table.stats()
    print(f"{stats=}")
    assert stats == {
-        "total_bytes": 38,
+        "total_bytes": 60,
        "num_rows": 2,
        "num_indices": 0,
        "fragment_stats": {
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ from lancedb.table import (
    _cast_to_target_schema,
    _handle_bad_vectors,
    _into_pyarrow_reader,
-    _sanitize_data,
    _infer_target_schema,
+    _merge_metadata,
+    _sanitize_data,
+    sanitize_create_table,
 )
 import pyarrow as pa
 import pandas as pd
@@ -304,6 +306,117 @@ def test_handle_bad_vectors_noop():
    assert output["vector"] == vector


+def test_handle_bad_vectors_updates_reader_schema_for_target_schema():
+    data = pa.table({"vector": [[1, 2, 3, 4]]})
+    target_schema = pa.schema([pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 4))])
+
+    output = _handle_bad_vectors(
+        data.to_reader(),
+        on_bad_vectors="drop",
+        target_schema=target_schema,
+    )
+
+    assert output.schema == pa.schema([pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32()))])
+    assert output.read_all()["vector"].to_pylist() == [[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]]
+
+
+def test_sanitize_data_keeps_target_field_metadata():
+    source_field = pa.field(
+        "vector",
+        pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2),
+        metadata={b"source": b"drop-me"},
+    )
+    target_field = pa.field(
+        "vector",
+        pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2),
+        metadata={b"target": b"keep-me"},
+    )
+    data = pa.table(
+        {"vector": pa.array([[1.0, 2.0]], type=pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2))},
+        schema=pa.schema([source_field]),
+    )
+
+    output = _sanitize_data(
+        data,
+        target_schema=pa.schema([target_field]),
+        on_bad_vectors="drop",
+    ).read_all()
+
+    assert output.schema.field("vector").metadata == {b"target": b"keep-me"}
+
+
+def test_sanitize_data_uses_separate_embedding_metadata_for_bad_vectors():
+    registry = EmbeddingFunctionRegistry.get_instance()
+    conf = EmbeddingFunctionConfig(
+        source_column="text",
+        vector_column="custom_vector",
+        function=MockTextEmbeddingFunction.create(),
+    )
+    metadata = registry.get_table_metadata([conf])
+    schema = pa.schema(
+        {
+            "text": pa.string(),
+            "custom_vector": pa.list_(pa.float32(), 10),
+        },
+        metadata={b"note": b"keep-me"},
+    )
+    data = pa.table(
+        {
+            "text": ["bad", "good"],
+            "custom_vector": [[1.0] * 9, [2.0] * 10],
+        }
+    )
+
+    output = _sanitize_data(
+        data,
+        target_schema=schema,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        on_bad_vectors="drop",
+    ).read_all()
+
+    assert output["text"].to_pylist() == ["good"]
+    assert output.schema.metadata[b"note"] == b"keep-me"
+    assert b"embedding_functions" in output.schema.metadata
+
+
+def test_sanitize_create_table_merges_and_overrides_embedding_metadata():
+    registry = EmbeddingFunctionRegistry.get_instance()
+    old_conf = EmbeddingFunctionConfig(
+        source_column="text",
+        vector_column="old_vector",
+        function=MockTextEmbeddingFunction.create(),
+    )
+    new_conf = EmbeddingFunctionConfig(
+        source_column="text",
+        vector_column="custom_vector",
+        function=MockTextEmbeddingFunction.create(),
+    )
+    metadata = registry.get_table_metadata([new_conf])
+    schema = pa.schema(
+        {
+            "text": pa.string(),
+            "custom_vector": pa.list_(pa.float32(), 10),
+        },
+        metadata=_merge_metadata(
+            {b"note": b"keep-me"},
+            registry.get_table_metadata([old_conf]),
+        ),
+    )
+
+    data, schema = sanitize_create_table(
+        pa.table({"text": ["good"]}),
+        schema,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        on_bad_vectors="drop",
+    )
+
+    assert schema.metadata[b"note"] == b"keep-me"
+    assert b"embedding_functions" in schema.metadata
+    assert data.schema.metadata[b"note"] == b"keep-me"
+    funcs = EmbeddingFunctionRegistry.get_instance().parse_functions(schema.metadata)
+    assert set(funcs.keys()) == {"custom_vector"}
+
+
 class TestModel(lancedb.pydantic.LanceModel):
    a: Optional[int]
    b: Optional[int]
@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors

-use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
+use std::{
+    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
+    sync::Arc,
+    time::Duration,
+};

 use arrow::{datatypes::Schema, ffi_stream::ArrowArrayStreamReader, pyarrow::FromPyArrow};
 use lancedb::{
    connection::Connection as LanceConnection,
+    connection::NamespaceClientPushdownOperation,
+    database::namespace::LanceNamespaceDatabase,
    database::{CreateTableMode, Database, ReadConsistency},
 };
 use pyo3::{
@@ -17,8 +23,9 @@ use pyo3::{
 use pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::future_into_py;

 use crate::{
-    error::PythonErrorExt, namespace::extract_namespace_arc,
-    storage_options::py_object_to_storage_options_provider, table::Table,
+    error::PythonErrorExt,
+    namespace::{create_namespace_storage_options_provider, extract_namespace_arc},
+    table::Table,
 };

 #[pyclass]
@@ -38,6 +45,29 @@ impl Connection {
    }
 }

+fn parse_namespace_client_pushdown_operations(
+    operations: Option<Vec<String>>,
+) -> PyResult<HashSet<NamespaceClientPushdownOperation>> {
+    let mut parsed = HashSet::new();
+    for operation in operations.unwrap_or_default() {
+        match operation.as_str() {
+            "QueryTable" => {
+                parsed.insert(NamespaceClientPushdownOperation::QueryTable);
+            }
+            "CreateTable" => {
+                parsed.insert(NamespaceClientPushdownOperation::CreateTable);
+            }
+            _ => {
+                return Err(PyValueError::new_err(format!(
+                    "Invalid pushdown operation: {}",
+                    operation
+                )));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(parsed)
+}
+
 impl Connection {
    fn parse_create_mode_str(mode: &str) -> PyResult<CreateTableMode> {
        match mode {
@@ -87,16 +117,16 @@ impl Connection {
        })
    }

-    #[pyo3(signature = (namespace=vec![], start_after=None, limit=None))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (namespace_path=None, start_after=None, limit=None))]
    pub fn table_names(
        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
        start_after: Option<String>,
        limit: Option<u32>,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
        let inner = self_.get_inner()?.clone();
        let mut op = inner.table_names();
-        op = op.namespace(namespace);
+        op = op.namespace(namespace_path.unwrap_or_default());
        if let Some(start_after) = start_after {
            op = op.start_after(start_after);
        }
@@ -107,34 +137,43 @@ impl Connection {
    }

    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-    #[pyo3(signature = (name, mode, data, namespace=vec![], storage_options=None, storage_options_provider=None, location=None))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (name, mode, data, namespace_path=None, storage_options=None, location=None, namespace_client=None))]
    pub fn create_table<'a>(
        self_: PyRef<'a, Self>,
        name: String,
        mode: &str,
        data: Bound<'_, PyAny>,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
        storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
-        storage_options_provider: Option<Py<PyAny>>,
        location: Option<String>,
+        namespace_client: Option<Py<PyAny>>,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'a, PyAny>> {
        let inner = self_.get_inner()?.clone();
+        let py = self_.py();

        let mode = Self::parse_create_mode_str(mode)?;

        let batches: Box<dyn arrow::array::RecordBatchReader + Send> =
            Box::new(ArrowArrayStreamReader::from_pyarrow_bound(&data)?);

-        let mut builder = inner.create_table(name, batches).mode(mode);
+        let ns_path = namespace_path.clone().unwrap_or_default();
+        let mut builder = inner.create_table(name.clone(), batches).mode(mode);

-        builder = builder.namespace(namespace);
+        builder = builder.namespace(ns_path.clone());
        if let Some(storage_options) = storage_options {
            builder = builder.storage_options(storage_options);
        }
-        if let Some(provider_obj) = storage_options_provider {
-            let provider = py_object_to_storage_options_provider(provider_obj)?;
+
+        // Auto-create storage options provider from namespace_client
+        if let Some(ns_obj) = namespace_client {
+            let ns_client = extract_namespace_arc(py, ns_obj)?;
+            // Create table_id by combining namespace_path with table name
+            let mut table_id = ns_path;
+            table_id.push(name);
+            let provider = create_namespace_storage_options_provider(ns_client, table_id);
            builder = builder.storage_options_provider(provider);
        }
+
        if let Some(location) = location {
            builder = builder.location(location);
        }
@@ -146,33 +185,44 @@ impl Connection {
    }

    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-    #[pyo3(signature = (name, mode, schema, namespace=vec![], storage_options=None, storage_options_provider=None, location=None))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (name, mode, schema, namespace_path=None, storage_options=None, location=None, namespace_client=None))]
    pub fn create_empty_table<'a>(
        self_: PyRef<'a, Self>,
        name: String,
        mode: &str,
        schema: Bound<'_, PyAny>,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
        storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
-        storage_options_provider: Option<Py<PyAny>>,
        location: Option<String>,
+        namespace_client: Option<Py<PyAny>>,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'a, PyAny>> {
        let inner = self_.get_inner()?.clone();
+        let py = self_.py();

        let mode = Self::parse_create_mode_str(mode)?;

        let schema = Schema::from_pyarrow_bound(&schema)?;

-        let mut builder = inner.create_empty_table(name, Arc::new(schema)).mode(mode);
+        let ns_path = namespace_path.clone().unwrap_or_default();
+        let mut builder = inner
+            .create_empty_table(name.clone(), Arc::new(schema))
+            .mode(mode);

-        builder = builder.namespace(namespace);
+        builder = builder.namespace(ns_path.clone());
        if let Some(storage_options) = storage_options {
            builder = builder.storage_options(storage_options);
        }
-        if let Some(provider_obj) = storage_options_provider {
-            let provider = py_object_to_storage_options_provider(provider_obj)?;
+
+        // Auto-create storage options provider from namespace_client
+        if let Some(ns_obj) = namespace_client {
+            let ns_client = extract_namespace_arc(py, ns_obj)?;
+            // Create table_id by combining namespace_path with table name
+            let mut table_id = ns_path;
+            table_id.push(name);
+            let provider = create_namespace_storage_options_provider(ns_client, table_id);
            builder = builder.storage_options_provider(provider);
        }
+
        if let Some(location) = location {
            builder = builder.location(location);
        }
@@ -184,45 +234,44 @@ impl Connection {
    }

    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-    #[pyo3(signature = (name, namespace=vec![], storage_options = None, storage_options_provider=None, index_cache_size = None, location=None, namespace_client=None, managed_versioning=None))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (name, namespace_path=None, storage_options=None, index_cache_size=None, location=None, namespace_client=None, managed_versioning=None))]
    pub fn open_table(
        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
        name: String,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
        storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
-        storage_options_provider: Option<Py<PyAny>>,
        index_cache_size: Option<u32>,
        location: Option<String>,
        namespace_client: Option<Py<PyAny>>,
        managed_versioning: Option<bool>,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
        let inner = self_.get_inner()?.clone();
+        let py = self_.py();

-        let mut builder = inner.open_table(name);
-        builder = builder.namespace(namespace.clone());
+        let ns_path = namespace_path.clone().unwrap_or_default();
+        let mut builder = inner.open_table(name.clone());
+        builder = builder.namespace(ns_path.clone());
        if let Some(storage_options) = storage_options {
            builder = builder.storage_options(storage_options);
        }
-        if let Some(provider_obj) = storage_options_provider {
-            let provider = py_object_to_storage_options_provider(provider_obj)?;
+
+        // Auto-create storage options provider from namespace_client
+        if let Some(ns_obj) = namespace_client {
+            let ns_client = extract_namespace_arc(py, ns_obj)?;
+            // Create table_id by combining namespace_path with table name
+            let mut table_id = ns_path;
+            table_id.push(name);
+            let provider = create_namespace_storage_options_provider(ns_client.clone(), table_id);
            builder = builder.storage_options_provider(provider);
+            builder = builder.namespace_client(ns_client);
        }
+
        if let Some(index_cache_size) = index_cache_size {
            builder = builder.index_cache_size(index_cache_size);
        }
        if let Some(location) = location {
            builder = builder.location(location);
        }
-        // Extract namespace client from Python object if provided
-        let ns_client = if let Some(ns_obj) = namespace_client {
-            let py = self_.py();
-            Some(extract_namespace_arc(py, ns_obj)?)
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-        if let Some(ns_client) = ns_client {
-            builder = builder.namespace_client(ns_client);
-        }
        // Pass managed_versioning if provided to avoid redundant describe_table call
        if let Some(enabled) = managed_versioning {
            builder = builder.managed_versioning(enabled);
@@ -234,12 +283,12 @@ impl Connection {
        })
    }

-    #[pyo3(signature = (target_table_name, source_uri, target_namespace=vec![], source_version=None, source_tag=None, is_shallow=true))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (target_table_name, source_uri, target_namespace_path=None, source_version=None, source_tag=None, is_shallow=true))]
    pub fn clone_table(
        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
        target_table_name: String,
        source_uri: String,
-        target_namespace: Vec<String>,
+        target_namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
        source_version: Option<u64>,
        source_tag: Option<String>,
        is_shallow: bool,
@@ -247,7 +296,7 @@ impl Connection {
        let inner = self_.get_inner()?.clone();

        let mut builder = inner.clone_table(target_table_name, source_uri);
-        builder = builder.target_namespace(target_namespace);
+        builder = builder.target_namespace(target_namespace_path.unwrap_or_default());
        if let Some(version) = source_version {
            builder = builder.source_version(version);
        }
@@ -262,52 +311,56 @@ impl Connection {
        })
    }

-    #[pyo3(signature = (cur_name, new_name, cur_namespace=vec![], new_namespace=vec![]))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (cur_name, new_name, cur_namespace_path=None, new_namespace_path=None))]
    pub fn rename_table(
        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
        cur_name: String,
        new_name: String,
-        cur_namespace: Vec<String>,
-        new_namespace: Vec<String>,
+        cur_namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
+        new_namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
        let inner = self_.get_inner()?.clone();
+        let cur_ns_path = cur_namespace_path.unwrap_or_default();
+        let new_ns_path = new_namespace_path.unwrap_or_default();
        future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {
            inner
-                .rename_table(cur_name, new_name, &cur_namespace, &new_namespace)
+                .rename_table(cur_name, new_name, &cur_ns_path, &new_ns_path)
                .await
                .infer_error()
        })
    }

-    #[pyo3(signature = (name, namespace=vec![]))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (name, namespace_path=None))]
    pub fn drop_table(
        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
        name: String,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
        let inner = self_.get_inner()?.clone();
+        let ns_path = namespace_path.unwrap_or_default();
        future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {
-            inner.drop_table(name, &namespace).await.infer_error()
+            inner.drop_table(name, &ns_path).await.infer_error()
        })
    }

-    #[pyo3(signature = (namespace=vec![],))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (namespace_path=None,))]
    pub fn drop_all_tables(
        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
        let inner = self_.get_inner()?.clone();
+        let ns_path = namespace_path.unwrap_or_default();
        future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {
-            inner.drop_all_tables(&namespace).await.infer_error()
+            inner.drop_all_tables(&ns_path).await.infer_error()
        })
    }

    // Namespace management methods

-    #[pyo3(signature = (namespace=vec![], page_token=None, limit=None))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (namespace_path=None, page_token=None, limit=None))]
    pub fn list_namespaces(
        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
        page_token: Option<String>,
        limit: Option<u32>,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
@@ -316,11 +369,7 @@ impl Connection {
        future_into_py(py, async move {
            use lance_namespace::models::ListNamespacesRequest;
            let request = ListNamespacesRequest {
-                id: if namespace.is_empty() {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some(namespace)
-                },
+                id: namespace_path,
                page_token,
                limit: limit.map(|l| l as i32),
                ..Default::default()
@@ -335,10 +384,10 @@ impl Connection {
        })
    }

-    #[pyo3(signature = (namespace, mode=None, properties=None))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (namespace_path, mode=None, properties=None))]
    pub fn create_namespace(
        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Vec<String>,
        mode: Option<String>,
        properties: Option<std::collections::HashMap<String, String>>,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
@@ -354,11 +403,7 @@ impl Connection {
                _ => None,
            });
            let request = CreateNamespaceRequest {
-                id: if namespace.is_empty() {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some(namespace)
-                },
+                id: Some(namespace_path),
                mode: mode_str,
                properties,
                ..Default::default()
@@ -372,10 +417,10 @@ impl Connection {
        })
    }

-    #[pyo3(signature = (namespace, mode=None, behavior=None))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (namespace_path, mode=None, behavior=None))]
    pub fn drop_namespace(
        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Vec<String>,
        mode: Option<String>,
        behavior: Option<String>,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
@@ -395,11 +440,7 @@ impl Connection {
                _ => None,
            });
            let request = DropNamespaceRequest {
-                id: if namespace.is_empty() {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some(namespace)
-                },
+                id: Some(namespace_path),
                mode: mode_str,
                behavior: behavior_str,
                ..Default::default()
@@ -414,21 +455,17 @@ impl Connection {
        })
    }

-    #[pyo3(signature = (namespace,))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (namespace_path,))]
    pub fn describe_namespace(
        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Vec<String>,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
        let inner = self_.get_inner()?.clone();
        let py = self_.py();
        future_into_py(py, async move {
            use lance_namespace::models::DescribeNamespaceRequest;
            let request = DescribeNamespaceRequest {
-                id: if namespace.is_empty() {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some(namespace)
-                },
+                id: Some(namespace_path),
                ..Default::default()
            };
            let response = inner.describe_namespace(request).await.infer_error()?;
@@ -440,10 +477,10 @@ impl Connection {
        })
    }

-    #[pyo3(signature = (namespace=vec![], page_token=None, limit=None))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (namespace_path=None, page_token=None, limit=None))]
    pub fn list_tables(
        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
-        namespace: Vec<String>,
+        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
        page_token: Option<String>,
        limit: Option<u32>,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
@@ -452,11 +489,7 @@ impl Connection {
        future_into_py(py, async move {
            use lance_namespace::models::ListTablesRequest;
            let request = ListTablesRequest {
-                id: if namespace.is_empty() {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some(namespace)
-                },
+                id: namespace_path,
                page_token,
                limit: limit.map(|l| l as i32),
                ..Default::default()
@@ -470,10 +503,29 @@ impl Connection {
            })
        })
    }
+
+    /// Get the configuration for constructing an equivalent namespace client.
+    /// Returns a dict with:
+    /// - "impl": "dir" for DirectoryNamespace, "rest" for RestNamespace
+    /// - "properties": configuration properties for the namespace
+    #[pyo3(signature = ())]
+    pub fn namespace_client_config(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
+        let inner = self_.get_inner()?.clone();
+        let py = self_.py();
+        future_into_py(py, async move {
+            let (impl_type, properties) = inner.namespace_client_config().await.infer_error()?;
+            Python::attach(|py| -> PyResult<Py<PyDict>> {
+                let dict = PyDict::new(py);
+                dict.set_item("impl", impl_type)?;
+                dict.set_item("properties", properties)?;
+                Ok(dict.unbind())
+            })
+        })
+    }
 }

 #[pyfunction]
-#[pyo3(signature = (uri, api_key=None, region=None, host_override=None, read_consistency_interval=None, client_config=None, storage_options=None, session=None))]
+#[pyo3(signature = (uri, api_key=None, region=None, host_override=None, read_consistency_interval=None, client_config=None, storage_options=None, session=None, manifest_enabled=false, namespace_client_properties=None))]
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn connect(
    py: Python<'_>,
@@ -485,6 +537,8 @@ pub fn connect(
    client_config: Option<PyClientConfig>,
    storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
    session: Option<crate::session::Session>,
+    manifest_enabled: bool,
+    namespace_client_properties: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
 ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
    future_into_py(py, async move {
        let mut builder = lancedb::connect(&uri);
@@ -504,6 +558,12 @@ pub fn connect(
        if let Some(storage_options) = storage_options {
            builder = builder.storage_options(storage_options);
        }
+        if manifest_enabled {
+            builder = builder.manifest_enabled(true);
+        }
+        if let Some(namespace_client_properties) = namespace_client_properties {
+            builder = builder.namespace_client_properties(namespace_client_properties);
+        }
        #[cfg(feature = "remote")]
        if let Some(client_config) = client_config {
            builder = builder.client_config(client_config.into());
@@ -515,6 +575,52 @@ pub fn connect(
    })
 }

+#[pyfunction]
+#[pyo3(signature = (
+    namespace_client,
+    read_consistency_interval=None,
+    storage_options=None,
+    session=None,
+    namespace_client_pushdown_operations=None,
+    namespace_client_impl=None,
+    namespace_client_properties=None,
+))]
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+pub fn connect_namespace_client(
+    py: Python<'_>,
+    namespace_client: Py<PyAny>,
+    read_consistency_interval: Option<f64>,
+    storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
+    session: Option<crate::session::Session>,
+    namespace_client_pushdown_operations: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    namespace_client_impl: Option<String>,
+    namespace_client_properties: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
+) -> PyResult<Connection> {
+    let namespace_client = extract_namespace_arc(py, namespace_client)?;
+    let read_consistency_interval = read_consistency_interval.map(Duration::from_secs_f64);
+    let namespace_client_pushdown_operations =
+        parse_namespace_client_pushdown_operations(namespace_client_pushdown_operations)?;
+    let ns_impl = namespace_client_impl.unwrap_or_else(|| "python".to_string());
+    let ns_properties = namespace_client_properties.unwrap_or_default();
+    let storage_options = storage_options.unwrap_or_default();
+    let session = session.map(|s| s.inner.clone());
+
+    let database = LanceNamespaceDatabase::from_namespace_client(
+        namespace_client,
+        ns_impl,
+        ns_properties,
+        storage_options,
+        read_consistency_interval,
+        session,
+        namespace_client_pushdown_operations,
+    );
+
+    Ok(Connection::new(LanceConnection::new(
+        Arc::new(database),
+        Arc::new(lancedb::embeddings::MemoryRegistry::new()),
+    )))
+}
+
 #[derive(FromPyObject)]
 pub struct PyClientConfig {
    user_agent: String,
@@ -524,6 +630,7 @@ pub struct PyClientConfig {
    id_delimiter: Option<String>,
    tls_config: Option<PyClientTlsConfig>,
    header_provider: Option<Py<PyAny>>,
+    user_id: Option<String>,
 }

 #[derive(FromPyObject)]
@@ -608,6 +715,7 @@ impl From<PyClientConfig> for lancedb::remote::ClientConfig {
            id_delimiter: value.id_delimiter,
            tls_config: value.tls_config.map(Into::into),
            header_provider,
+            user_id: value.user_id,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors

 use arrow::RecordBatchStream;
-use connection::{Connection, connect};
+use connection::{Connection, connect, connect_namespace_client};
 use env_logger::Env;
 use expr::{PyExpr, expr_col, expr_func, expr_lit};
 use index::IndexConfig;
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ pub mod namespace;
 pub mod permutation;
 pub mod query;
 pub mod session;
-pub mod storage_options;
 pub mod table;
 pub mod util;

@@ -59,6 +58,7 @@ pub fn _lancedb(_py: Python, m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
    m.add_class::<PyPermutationReader>()?;
    m.add_class::<PyExpr>()?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(connect, m)?)?;
+    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(connect_namespace_client, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(permutation::async_permutation_builder, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(util::validate_table_name, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(query::fts_query_to_json, m)?)?;
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;

 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use bytes::Bytes;
+use lance_io::object_store::{LanceNamespaceStorageOptionsProvider, StorageOptionsProvider};
 use lance_namespace::LanceNamespace as LanceNamespaceTrait;
 use lance_namespace::models::*;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
@@ -694,3 +695,21 @@ pub fn extract_namespace_arc(
    let ns_ref = ns.bind(py);
    PyLanceNamespace::create_arc(py, ns_ref)
 }
+
+/// Create a LanceNamespaceStorageOptionsProvider from a namespace client and table ID.
+///
+/// This creates a Rust storage options provider that fetches credentials from the
+/// namespace's describe_table() method, enabling automatic credential refresh.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+/// * `namespace_client` - The namespace client (wrapped PyLanceNamespace)
+/// * `table_id` - Full table identifier (namespace_path + table_name)
+pub fn create_namespace_storage_options_provider(
+    namespace_client: Arc<dyn LanceNamespaceTrait>,
+    table_id: Vec<String>,
+) -> Arc<dyn StorageOptionsProvider> {
+    Arc::new(LanceNamespaceStorageOptionsProvider::new(
+        namespace_client,
+        table_id,
+    ))
+}
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
-
-//! PyO3 bindings for StorageOptionsProvider
-//!
-//! This module provides the bridge between Python StorageOptionsProvider objects
-//! and Rust's StorageOptionsProvider trait, enabling automatic credential refresh.
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use async_trait::async_trait;
-use lance_io::object_store::StorageOptionsProvider;
-use pyo3::prelude::*;
-use pyo3::types::PyDict;
-
-/// Internal wrapper around a Python object implementing StorageOptionsProvider
-pub struct PyStorageOptionsProvider {
-    /// The Python object implementing fetch_storage_options()
-    inner: Py<PyAny>,
-}
-
-impl Clone for PyStorageOptionsProvider {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        Python::attach(|py| Self {
-            inner: self.inner.clone_ref(py),
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-impl PyStorageOptionsProvider {
-    pub fn new(obj: Py<PyAny>) -> PyResult<Self> {
-        Python::attach(|py| {
-            // Verify the object has a fetch_storage_options method
-            if !obj.bind(py).hasattr("fetch_storage_options")? {
-                return Err(pyo3::exceptions::PyTypeError::new_err(
-                    "StorageOptionsProvider must implement fetch_storage_options() method",
-                ));
-            }
-            Ok(Self { inner: obj })
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-/// Wrapper that implements the Rust StorageOptionsProvider trait
-pub struct PyStorageOptionsProviderWrapper {
-    py_provider: PyStorageOptionsProvider,
-}
-
-impl PyStorageOptionsProviderWrapper {
-    pub fn new(py_provider: PyStorageOptionsProvider) -> Self {
-        Self { py_provider }
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl StorageOptionsProvider for PyStorageOptionsProviderWrapper {
-    async fn fetch_storage_options(&self) -> lance_core::Result<Option<HashMap<String, String>>> {
-        // Call Python method from async context using spawn_blocking
-        let py_provider = self.py_provider.clone();
-
-        tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
-            Python::attach(|py| {
-                // Call the Python fetch_storage_options method
-                let result = py_provider
-                    .inner
-                    .bind(py)
-                    .call_method0("fetch_storage_options")
-                    .map_err(|e| lance_core::Error::io_source(Box::new(std::io::Error::other(format!(
-                        "Failed to call fetch_storage_options: {}",
-                        e
-                    )))))?;
-
-                // If result is None, return None
-                if result.is_none() {
-                    return Ok(None);
-                }
-
-                // Extract the result dict - should be a flat Map<String, String>
-                let result_dict = result.downcast::<PyDict>().map_err(|_| {
-                    lance_core::Error::invalid_input(
-                        "fetch_storage_options() must return a dict of string key-value pairs or None",
-                    )
-                })?;
-
-                // Convert all entries to HashMap<String, String>
-                let mut storage_options = HashMap::new();
-                for (key, value) in result_dict.iter() {
-                    let key_str: String = key.extract().map_err(|e| {
-                        lance_core::Error::invalid_input(format!("Storage option key must be a string: {}", e))
-                    })?;
-                    let value_str: String = value.extract().map_err(|e| {
-                        lance_core::Error::invalid_input(format!("Storage option value must be a string: {}", e))
-                    })?;
-                    storage_options.insert(key_str, value_str);
-                }
-
-                Ok(Some(storage_options))
-            })
-        })
-        .await
-        .map_err(|e| lance_core::Error::io_source(Box::new(std::io::Error::other(format!(
-            "Task join error: {}",
-            e
-        )))))?
-    }
-
-    fn provider_id(&self) -> String {
-        Python::attach(|py| {
-            // Call provider_id() method on the Python object
-            let obj = self.py_provider.inner.bind(py);
-            obj.call_method0("provider_id")
-                .and_then(|result| result.extract::<String>())
-                .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-                    // If provider_id() fails, construct a fallback ID
-                    format!("PyStorageOptionsProvider(error: {})", e)
-                })
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Debug for PyStorageOptionsProviderWrapper {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "PyStorageOptionsProviderWrapper({})", self.provider_id())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Convert a Python object to an Arc<dyn StorageOptionsProvider>
-///
-/// This is the main entry point for converting Python StorageOptionsProvider objects
-/// to Rust trait objects that can be used by the Lance ecosystem.
-pub fn py_object_to_storage_options_provider(
-    py_obj: Py<PyAny>,
-) -> PyResult<Arc<dyn StorageOptionsProvider>> {
-    let py_provider = PyStorageOptionsProvider::new(py_obj)?;
-    Ok(Arc::new(PyStorageOptionsProviderWrapper::new(py_provider)))
-}
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-version = "1.44.35"
+version = "1.44.70"
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 dependencies = [
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c1/eb/98028053ab43a723ddcfd0322b5d5929f413211ae6af834852e064493e68/awscli-1.44.70-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:eb742517feca3be3b6567c3f302de6b5a3a12b18b61e530509d6e098e243771f", size = 4624874, upload-time = "2026-03-31T19:33:37.912Z" },
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-version = "1.42.45"
+version = "1.42.80"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
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    { name = "python-dateutil" },
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+version = "52.3.0"
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 [[package]]
@@ -1251,6 +1251,7 @@ dependencies = [
    { name = "griffecli" },
    { name = "griffelib" },
 ]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/04/56/28a0accac339c164b52a92c6cfc45a903acc0c174caa5c1713803467b533/griffe-2.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c68979cd8395422083a51ea7cf02f9c119d889646d99b7b656ee43725de1b80f", size = 293906, upload-time = "2026-03-23T21:06:53.402Z" }
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@@ -1263,6 +1264,7 @@ dependencies = [
    { name = "colorama" },
    { name = "griffelib" },
 ]
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@@ -1271,6 +1273,7 @@ wheels = [
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 version = "2.0.0"
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+version = "0.6.1"
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+version = "0.6.1"
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 [[package]]
@@ -1993,63 +1996,61 @@ tests = [
    { name = "pytest-mock" },
    { name = "pytz" },
    { name = "requests" },
-    { name = "tantivy" },
 ]

 [package.metadata]
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-    { name = "aiohttp", marker = "extra == 'tests'" },
-    { name = "awscli", marker = "extra == 'embeddings'", specifier = ">=1.29.57" },
+    { name = "aiohttp", marker = "extra == 'tests'", specifier = ">=3.9.0" },
+    { name = "awscli", marker = "extra == 'embeddings'", specifier = ">=1.44.38" },
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-    { name = "boto3", marker = "extra == 'tests'" },
+    { name = "boto3", marker = "extra == 'tests'", specifier = ">=1.28.57" },
    { name = "botocore", marker = "extra == 'embeddings'", specifier = ">=1.31.57" },
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-    { name = "google-generativeai", marker = "extra == 'embeddings'" },
-    { name = "huggingface-hub", marker = "extra == 'embeddings'" },
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+    { name = "duckdb", marker = "extra == 'tests'", specifier = ">=0.9.0" },
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-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "threadpoolctl"
 version = "3.6.0"
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 [toolchain]
-channel = "1.91.0"
+channel = "1.94.0"
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb"
-version = "0.27.2-beta.1"
+version = "0.28.0-beta.10"
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "LanceDB: A serverless, low-latency vector database for AI applications"
 license.workspace = true
@@ -111,7 +111,12 @@ default = []
 aws = ["lance/aws", "lance-io/aws", "lance-namespace-impls/dir-aws"]
 oss = ["lance/oss", "lance-io/oss", "lance-namespace-impls/dir-oss"]
 gcs = ["lance/gcp", "lance-io/gcp", "lance-namespace-impls/dir-gcp"]
-azure = ["lance/azure", "lance-io/azure", "lance-namespace-impls/dir-azure"]
+azure = [
+    "lance/azure",
+    "lance-io/azure",
+    "lance-namespace-impls/dir-azure",
+    "lance-namespace-impls/credential-vendor-azure",
+]
 huggingface = [
    "lance/huggingface",
    "lance-io/huggingface",
@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ impl TableNamesBuilder {
        self
    }

-    /// Set the namespace to list tables from
-    pub fn namespace(mut self, namespace: Vec<String>) -> Self {
-        self.request.namespace = namespace;
+    /// Set the namespace path to list tables from
+    pub fn namespace(mut self, namespace_path: Vec<String>) -> Self {
+        self.request.namespace_path = namespace_path;
        self
    }

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ impl OpenTableBuilder {
            parent,
            request: OpenTableRequest {
                name,
-                namespace: vec![],
+                namespace_path: vec![],
                index_cache_size: None,
                lance_read_params: None,
                location: None,
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ impl OpenTableBuilder {
    /// Options already set on the connection will be inherited by the table,
    /// but can be overridden here.
    ///
-    /// See available options at <https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/>
+    /// See available options at <https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/>
    pub fn storage_option(mut self, key: impl Into<String>, value: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        let store_params = self
            .request
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ impl OpenTableBuilder {
    /// Options already set on the connection will be inherited by the table,
    /// but can be overridden here.
    ///
-    /// See available options at <https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/>
+    /// See available options at <https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/>
    pub fn storage_options(
        mut self,
        pairs: impl IntoIterator<Item = (impl Into<String>, impl Into<String>)>,
@@ -206,9 +206,9 @@ impl OpenTableBuilder {
        self
    }

-    /// Set the namespace for the table
-    pub fn namespace(mut self, namespace: Vec<String>) -> Self {
-        self.request.namespace = namespace;
+    /// Set the namespace path for the table
+    pub fn namespace(mut self, namespace_path: Vec<String>) -> Self {
+        self.request.namespace_path = namespace_path;
        self
    }

@@ -303,9 +303,9 @@ impl CloneTableBuilder {
        self
    }

-    /// Set the target namespace for the cloned table
-    pub fn target_namespace(mut self, namespace: Vec<String>) -> Self {
-        self.request.target_namespace = namespace;
+    /// Set the target namespace path for the cloned table
+    pub fn target_namespace(mut self, namespace_path: Vec<String>) -> Self {
+        self.request.target_namespace_path = namespace_path;
        self
    }

@@ -456,15 +456,15 @@ impl Connection {
        &self,
        old_name: impl AsRef<str>,
        new_name: impl AsRef<str>,
-        cur_namespace: &[String],
-        new_namespace: &[String],
+        cur_namespace_path: &[String],
+        new_namespace_path: &[String],
    ) -> Result<()> {
        self.internal
            .rename_table(
                old_name.as_ref(),
                new_name.as_ref(),
-                cur_namespace,
-                new_namespace,
+                cur_namespace_path,
+                new_namespace_path,
            )
            .await
    }
@@ -478,9 +478,11 @@ impl Connection {
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    /// * `name` - The name of the table to drop
-    /// * `namespace` - The namespace to drop the table from
-    pub async fn drop_table(&self, name: impl AsRef<str>, namespace: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
-        self.internal.drop_table(name.as_ref(), namespace).await
+    /// * `namespace_path` - The namespace path to drop the table from
+    pub async fn drop_table(&self, name: impl AsRef<str>, namespace_path: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
+        self.internal
+            .drop_table(name.as_ref(), namespace_path)
+            .await
    }

    /// Drop the database
@@ -494,9 +496,9 @@ impl Connection {
    /// Drops all tables in the database
    ///
    /// # Arguments
-    /// * `namespace` - The namespace to drop all tables from. Empty slice represents root namespace.
-    pub async fn drop_all_tables(&self, namespace: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
-        self.internal.drop_all_tables(namespace).await
+    /// * `namespace_path` - The namespace path to drop all tables from. Empty slice represents root namespace.
+    pub async fn drop_all_tables(&self, namespace_path: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
+        self.internal.drop_all_tables(namespace_path).await
    }

    /// List immediate child namespace names in the given namespace
@@ -539,6 +541,16 @@ impl Connection {
        self.internal.namespace_client().await
    }

+    /// Get the configuration for constructing an equivalent namespace client.
+    /// Returns (impl_type, properties) where:
+    /// - impl_type: "dir" for DirectoryNamespace, "rest" for RestNamespace
+    /// - properties: configuration properties for the namespace
+    pub async fn namespace_client_config(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<(String, std::collections::HashMap<String, String>)> {
+        self.internal.namespace_client_config().await
+    }
+
    /// List tables with pagination support
    pub async fn list_tables(&self, request: ListTablesRequest) -> Result<ListTablesResponse> {
        self.internal.list_tables(request).await
@@ -570,6 +582,23 @@ pub struct ConnectRequest {
    /// Database specific options
    pub options: HashMap<String, String>,

+    /// Extra properties for the equivalent namespace client.
+    ///
+    /// For a local [`ListingDatabase`], these are merged into the backing
+    /// `DirectoryNamespace` properties. This is useful for namespace-specific
+    /// settings such as `table_version_tracking_enabled` that are distinct from
+    /// storage options.
+    pub namespace_client_properties: HashMap<String, String>,
+
+    /// Use directory namespace manifests as the source of truth for native
+    /// LanceDB table metadata.
+    ///
+    /// When enabled for a local/native connection, LanceDB returns a
+    /// namespace-backed database directly. Directory listing fallback remains
+    /// enabled for migration, and directory-listing-to-manifest migration is
+    /// forced on.
+    pub manifest_enabled: bool,
+
    /// The interval at which to check for updates from other processes.
    ///
    /// If None, then consistency is not checked. For performance
@@ -609,6 +638,8 @@ impl ConnectBuilder {
                client_config: Default::default(),
                read_consistency_interval: None,
                options: HashMap::new(),
+                namespace_client_properties: HashMap::new(),
+                manifest_enabled: false,
                session: None,
            },
            embedding_registry: None,
@@ -726,7 +757,7 @@ impl ConnectBuilder {

    /// Set an option for the storage layer.
    ///
-    /// See available options at <https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/>
+    /// See available options at <https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/>
    pub fn storage_option(mut self, key: impl Into<String>, value: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        self.request.options.insert(key.into(), value.into());
        self
@@ -734,7 +765,7 @@ impl ConnectBuilder {

    /// Set multiple options for the storage layer.
    ///
-    /// See available options at <https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/>
+    /// See available options at <https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/>
    pub fn storage_options(
        mut self,
        pairs: impl IntoIterator<Item = (impl Into<String>, impl Into<String>)>,
@@ -745,6 +776,42 @@ impl ConnectBuilder {
        self
    }

+    /// Set an additional property for the equivalent namespace client.
+    pub fn namespace_client_property(
+        mut self,
+        key: impl Into<String>,
+        value: impl Into<String>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        self.request
+            .namespace_client_properties
+            .insert(key.into(), value.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set multiple additional properties for the equivalent namespace client.
+    pub fn namespace_client_properties(
+        mut self,
+        pairs: impl IntoIterator<Item = (impl Into<String>, impl Into<String>)>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        for (key, value) in pairs {
+            self.request
+                .namespace_client_properties
+                .insert(key.into(), value.into());
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Enable or disable manifest-backed directory namespace mode for local
+    /// native connections.
+    ///
+    /// When enabled, the connection uses the directory namespace database
+    /// directly for all table operations and forces
+    /// `dir_listing_to_manifest_migration_enabled=true`.
+    pub fn manifest_enabled(mut self, enabled: bool) -> Self {
+        self.request.manifest_enabled = enabled;
+        self
+    }
+
    /// The interval at which to check for updates from other processes. This
    /// only affects LanceDB OSS.
    ///
@@ -840,6 +907,16 @@ impl ConnectBuilder {
    pub async fn execute(self) -> Result<Connection> {
        if self.request.uri.starts_with("db") {
            self.execute_remote()
+        } else if self.request.manifest_enabled {
+            let internal = Arc::new(
+                ListingDatabase::connect_manifest_enabled_namespace_database(&self.request).await?,
+            );
+            Ok(Connection {
+                internal,
+                embedding_registry: self
+                    .embedding_registry
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| Arc::new(MemoryRegistry::new())),
+            })
        } else {
            let internal = Arc::new(ListingDatabase::connect_with_options(&self.request).await?);
            Ok(Connection {
@@ -862,14 +939,30 @@ pub fn connect(uri: &str) -> ConnectBuilder {
    ConnectBuilder::new(uri)
 }

+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+/// Operations that can be pushed down to the namespace server.
+///
+/// These operations will be executed on the namespace server instead of locally
+/// when enabled via [`ConnectNamespaceBuilder::pushdown_operations`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum NamespaceClientPushdownOperation {
+    /// Execute queries on the namespace server via `query_table()` instead of locally.
+    QueryTable,
+    /// Execute table creation on the namespace server via `create_table()`
+    /// instead of using `declare_table` + local write.
+    CreateTable,
+}
+
 pub struct ConnectNamespaceBuilder {
    ns_impl: String,
    properties: HashMap<String, String>,
    storage_options: HashMap<String, String>,
+    namespace_client_properties: HashMap<String, String>,
    read_consistency_interval: Option<std::time::Duration>,
    embedding_registry: Option<Arc<dyn EmbeddingRegistry>>,
    session: Option<Arc<lance::session::Session>>,
-    server_side_query_enabled: bool,
+    pushdown_operations: HashSet<NamespaceClientPushdownOperation>,
 }

 impl ConnectNamespaceBuilder {
@@ -878,16 +971,17 @@ impl ConnectNamespaceBuilder {
            ns_impl: ns_impl.to_string(),
            properties,
            storage_options: HashMap::new(),
+            namespace_client_properties: HashMap::new(),
            read_consistency_interval: None,
            embedding_registry: None,
            session: None,
-            server_side_query_enabled: false,
+            pushdown_operations: HashSet::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Set an option for the storage layer.
    ///
-    /// See available options at <https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/>
+    /// See available options at <https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/>
    pub fn storage_option(mut self, key: impl Into<String>, value: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        self.storage_options.insert(key.into(), value.into());
        self
@@ -895,7 +989,7 @@ impl ConnectNamespaceBuilder {

    /// Set multiple options for the storage layer.
    ///
-    /// See available options at <https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/>
+    /// See available options at <https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/>
    pub fn storage_options(
        mut self,
        pairs: impl IntoIterator<Item = (impl Into<String>, impl Into<String>)>,
@@ -906,6 +1000,29 @@ impl ConnectNamespaceBuilder {
        self
    }

+    /// Set an additional namespace client property.
+    pub fn namespace_client_property(
+        mut self,
+        key: impl Into<String>,
+        value: impl Into<String>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        self.namespace_client_properties
+            .insert(key.into(), value.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set multiple additional namespace client properties.
+    pub fn namespace_client_properties(
+        mut self,
+        pairs: impl IntoIterator<Item = (impl Into<String>, impl Into<String>)>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        for (key, value) in pairs {
+            self.namespace_client_properties
+                .insert(key.into(), value.into());
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
    /// The interval at which to check for updates from other processes.
    ///
    /// If left unset, consistency is not checked. For maximum read
@@ -936,15 +1053,30 @@ impl ConnectNamespaceBuilder {
        self
    }

-    /// Enable server-side query execution.
+    /// Add operations to push down to the namespace server.
    ///
-    /// When enabled, queries will be executed on the namespace server instead of
-    /// locally. This can improve performance by reducing data transfer and
-    /// leveraging server-side compute resources.
+    /// When operations are added, they will be executed on the namespace server
+    /// instead of locally. This can improve performance by reducing data transfer
+    /// and leveraging server-side compute resources.
    ///
-    /// Default is `false` (queries executed locally).
-    pub fn server_side_query(mut self, enabled: bool) -> Self {
-        self.server_side_query_enabled = enabled;
+    /// Available operations:
+    /// - [`NamespaceClientPushdownOperation::QueryTable`]: Execute queries via `namespace.query_table()`
+    /// - [`NamespaceClientPushdownOperation::CreateTable`]: Execute table creation via `namespace.create_table()`
+    ///
+    /// By default, no operations are pushed down (all executed locally).
+    pub fn pushdown_operation(mut self, operation: NamespaceClientPushdownOperation) -> Self {
+        self.pushdown_operations.insert(operation);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Add multiple operations to push down to the namespace server.
+    ///
+    /// See [`Self::pushdown_operation`] for details.
+    pub fn pushdown_operations(
+        mut self,
+        operations: impl IntoIterator<Item = NamespaceClientPushdownOperation>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        self.pushdown_operations.extend(operations);
        self
    }

@@ -952,14 +1084,17 @@ impl ConnectNamespaceBuilder {
    pub async fn execute(self) -> Result<Connection> {
        use crate::database::namespace::LanceNamespaceDatabase;

+        let mut properties = self.properties;
+        properties.extend(self.namespace_client_properties);
+
        let internal = Arc::new(
            LanceNamespaceDatabase::connect(
                &self.ns_impl,
-                self.properties,
+                properties,
                self.storage_options,
                self.read_consistency_interval,
                self.session,
-                self.server_side_query_enabled,
+                self.pushdown_operations,
            )
            .await?,
        );
@@ -1028,6 +1163,9 @@ mod tests {
    use lance_testing::datagen::{BatchGenerator, IncrementingInt32};
    use tempfile::tempdir;

+    use crate::database::listing::{ListingDatabaseOptions, OPT_NEW_TABLE_V2_MANIFEST_PATHS};
+    use crate::database::namespace::LanceNamespaceDatabase;
+    use crate::table::NativeTable;
    use crate::test_utils::connection::new_test_connection;

    use super::*;
@@ -1075,6 +1213,172 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(db.uri(), relative_uri.to_str().unwrap().to_string());
    }

+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_connect_with_namespace_client_properties() {
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let uri = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap();
+
+        let db = connect(uri)
+            .namespace_client_property("table_version_tracking_enabled", "true")
+            .namespace_client_property("manifest_enabled", "true")
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let (ns_impl, properties) = db.namespace_client_config().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ns_impl, "dir");
+        assert_eq!(properties.get("root"), Some(&uri.to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(
+            properties.get("table_version_tracking_enabled"),
+            Some(&"true".to_string())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            properties.get("manifest_enabled"),
+            Some(&"true".to_string())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_connect_with_manifest_enabled_uses_directory_namespace() {
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let uri = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap();
+
+        let db = connect(uri)
+            .manifest_enabled(true)
+            .storage_option("timeout", "30s")
+            .namespace_client_property("manifest_enabled", "false")
+            .namespace_client_property("dir_listing_to_manifest_migration_enabled", "false")
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert!(
+            db.database()
+                .as_any()
+                .downcast_ref::<LanceNamespaceDatabase>()
+                .is_some()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(db.uri(), uri);
+
+        let (ns_impl, properties) = db.namespace_client_config().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ns_impl, "dir");
+        assert_eq!(properties.get("root"), Some(&uri.to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(
+            properties.get("manifest_enabled"),
+            Some(&"true".to_string())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            properties.get("dir_listing_to_manifest_migration_enabled"),
+            Some(&"true".to_string())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(properties.get("storage.timeout"), Some(&"30s".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_manifest_enabled_rejects_commit_engine_uri() {
+        let Err(err) = connect("s3+ddb://bucket/db?ddbTableName=manifest")
+            .manifest_enabled(true)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+        else {
+            panic!("expected manifest-enabled s3+ddb connection to fail");
+        };
+        assert!(
+            matches!(err, Error::NotSupported { message } if message.contains("commit engine URI schemes"))
+        );
+
+        let Err(err) = connect("s3://bucket/db?engine=ddb&ddbTableName=manifest")
+            .manifest_enabled(true)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+        else {
+            panic!("expected manifest-enabled engine query connection to fail");
+        };
+        assert!(
+            matches!(err, Error::NotSupported { message } if message.contains("commit engine"))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_manifest_enabled_connection_migrates_root_listing_table() {
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let uri = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap();
+        let schema = Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![Field::new("x", DataType::Int32, false)]));
+
+        connect(uri)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .create_empty_table("legacy", schema)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let db = connect(uri).manifest_enabled(true).execute().await.unwrap();
+        let tables = db.table_names().execute().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(tables, vec!["legacy".to_string()]);
+        db.open_table("legacy").execute().await.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_manifest_enabled_preserves_new_table_options() {
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let uri = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap();
+        let options = ListingDatabaseOptions::builder()
+            .enable_v2_manifest_paths(true)
+            .build();
+        let schema = Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![Field::new("x", DataType::Int32, false)]));
+
+        let table = connect(uri)
+            .manifest_enabled(true)
+            .database_options(&options)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .create_empty_table("v1_manifest", schema)
+            .storage_option(OPT_NEW_TABLE_V2_MANIFEST_PATHS, "false")
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let native_table = table
+            .base_table()
+            .as_any()
+            .downcast_ref::<NativeTable>()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(!native_table.uses_v2_manifest_paths().await.unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_manifest_enabled_vend_input_storage_options() {
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let uri = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap();
+        let schema = Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![Field::new("x", DataType::Int32, false)]));
+
+        let table = connect(uri)
+            .manifest_enabled(true)
+            .storage_option("test_storage_option", "test_value")
+            .namespace_client_property("vend_input_storage_options", "true")
+            .namespace_client_property(
+                "vend_input_storage_options_refresh_interval_millis",
+                "60000",
+            )
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .create_empty_table("vended", schema)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let storage_options = table.latest_storage_options().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            storage_options.get("test_storage_option"),
+            Some(&"test_value".to_string())
+        );
+        assert!(storage_options.contains_key("expires_at_millis"));
+    }
+
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_table_names() {
        let tc = new_test_connection().await.unwrap();
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl CreateTableBuilder {
    /// Options already set on the connection will be inherited by the table,
    /// but can be overridden here.
    ///
-    /// See available options at <https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/>
+    /// See available options at <https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/>
    pub fn storage_option(mut self, key: impl Into<String>, value: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        let store_params = self
            .request
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ impl CreateTableBuilder {
    /// Options already set on the connection will be inherited by the table,
    /// but can be overridden here.
    ///
-    /// See available options at <https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/>
+    /// See available options at <https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/>
    pub fn storage_options(
        mut self,
        pairs: impl IntoIterator<Item = (impl Into<String>, impl Into<String>)>,
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ impl CreateTableBuilder {
        Ok(self)
    }

-    /// Set the namespace for the table
-    pub fn namespace(mut self, namespace: Vec<String>) -> Self {
-        self.request.namespace = namespace;
+    /// Set the namespace path for the table
+    pub fn namespace(mut self, namespace_path: Vec<String>) -> Self {
+        self.request.namespace_path = namespace_path;
        self
    }

@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ pub trait DatabaseOptions {
 /// A request to list names of tables in the database (deprecated, use ListTablesRequest)
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
 pub struct TableNamesRequest {
-    /// The namespace to list tables in. Empty list represents root namespace.
-    pub namespace: Vec<String>,
+    /// The namespace path to list tables in. Empty list represents root namespace.
+    pub namespace_path: Vec<String>,
    /// If present, only return names that come lexicographically after the supplied
    /// value.
    ///
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ pub struct TableNamesRequest {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct OpenTableRequest {
    pub name: String,
-    /// The namespace to open the table from. Empty list represents root namespace.
-    pub namespace: Vec<String>,
+    /// The namespace path to open the table from. Empty list represents root namespace.
+    pub namespace_path: Vec<String>,
    pub index_cache_size: Option<u32>,
    pub lance_read_params: Option<ReadParams>,
    /// Optional custom location for the table. If not provided, the database will
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for OpenTableRequest {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("OpenTableRequest")
            .field("name", &self.name)
-            .field("namespace", &self.namespace)
+            .field("namespace_path", &self.namespace_path)
            .field("index_cache_size", &self.index_cache_size)
            .field("lance_read_params", &self.lance_read_params)
            .field("location", &self.location)
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ impl CreateTableMode {
 pub struct CreateTableRequest {
    /// The name of the new table
    pub name: String,
-    /// The namespace to create the table in. Empty list represents root namespace.
-    pub namespace: Vec<String>,
+    /// The namespace path to create the table in. Empty list represents root namespace.
+    pub namespace_path: Vec<String>,
    /// Initial data to write to the table, can be empty.
    pub data: Box<dyn Scannable>,
    /// The mode to use when creating the table
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ impl CreateTableRequest {
    pub fn new(name: String, data: Box<dyn Scannable>) -> Self {
        Self {
            name,
-            namespace: vec![],
+            namespace_path: vec![],
            data,
            mode: CreateTableMode::default(),
            write_options: WriteOptions::default(),
@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ impl CreateTableRequest {
 pub struct CloneTableRequest {
    /// The name of the target table to create
    pub target_table_name: String,
-    /// The namespace for the target table. Empty list represents root namespace.
-    pub target_namespace: Vec<String>,
+    /// The namespace path for the target table. Empty list represents root namespace.
+    pub target_namespace_path: Vec<String>,
    /// The URI of the source table to clone from.
    pub source_uri: String,
    /// Optional version of the source table to clone.
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ impl CloneTableRequest {
    pub fn new(target_table_name: String, source_uri: String) -> Self {
        Self {
            target_table_name,
-            target_namespace: vec![],
+            target_namespace_path: vec![],
            source_uri,
            source_version: None,
            source_tag: None,
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ pub trait Database:
        &self,
        cur_name: &str,
        new_name: &str,
-        cur_namespace: &[String],
-        new_namespace: &[String],
+        cur_namespace_path: &[String],
+        new_namespace_path: &[String],
    ) -> Result<()>;
    /// Drop a table in the database
-    async fn drop_table(&self, name: &str, namespace: &[String]) -> Result<()>;
+    async fn drop_table(&self, name: &str, namespace_path: &[String]) -> Result<()>;
    /// Drop all tables in the database
-    async fn drop_all_tables(&self, namespace: &[String]) -> Result<()>;
+    async fn drop_all_tables(&self, namespace_path: &[String]) -> Result<()>;
    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any;

    /// Get the equivalent namespace client of this database
@@ -265,4 +265,13 @@ pub trait Database:
    /// For ListingDatabase, it is the equivalent DirectoryNamespace.
    /// For RemoteDatabase, it is the equivalent RestNamespace.
    async fn namespace_client(&self) -> Result<Arc<dyn LanceNamespace>>;
+
+    /// Get the configuration for constructing an equivalent namespace client.
+    /// Returns (impl_type, properties) where:
+    /// - impl_type: "dir" for DirectoryNamespace, "rest" for RestNamespace
+    /// - properties: configuration properties for the namespace
+    ///
+    /// This is useful for Python bindings where we want to return a Python
+    /// namespace object rather than a Rust trait object.
+    async fn namespace_client_config(&self) -> Result<(String, HashMap<String, String>)>;
 }
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@

 //! Namespace-based database implementation that delegates table management to lance-namespace

-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::sync::Arc;

 use async_trait::async_trait;
@@ -22,9 +22,15 @@ use lance_namespace_impls::ConnectBuilder;
 use lance_table::io::commit::CommitHandler;
 use lance_table::io::commit::external_manifest::ExternalManifestCommitHandler;

+use crate::connection::NamespaceClientPushdownOperation;
 use crate::database::ReadConsistency;
+use crate::database::listing::{
+    NewTableConfig, OPT_NEW_TABLE_ENABLE_STABLE_ROW_IDS, OPT_NEW_TABLE_STORAGE_VERSION,
+    OPT_NEW_TABLE_V2_MANIFEST_PATHS,
+};
 use crate::error::{Error, Result};
 use crate::table::NativeTable;
+use lance::dataset::WriteMode;

 use super::{
    BaseTable, CloneTableRequest, CreateTableMode, CreateTableRequest as DbCreateTableRequest,
@@ -42,18 +48,72 @@ pub struct LanceNamespaceDatabase {
    session: Option<Arc<lance::session::Session>>,
    // database URI
    uri: String,
-    // Whether to enable server-side query execution
-    server_side_query_enabled: bool,
+    // Operations to push down to the namespace server
+    pushdown_operations: HashSet<NamespaceClientPushdownOperation>,
+    // Namespace implementation type (e.g., "dir", "rest")
+    ns_impl: String,
+    // Namespace properties used to construct the namespace client
+    ns_properties: HashMap<String, String>,
+    // Options for tables created by this connection
+    new_table_config: NewTableConfig,
 }

 impl LanceNamespaceDatabase {
+    pub fn from_namespace_client(
+        namespace_client: Arc<dyn LanceNamespace>,
+        namespace_client_impl: String,
+        namespace_client_properties: HashMap<String, String>,
+        storage_options: HashMap<String, String>,
+        read_consistency_interval: Option<std::time::Duration>,
+        session: Option<Arc<lance::session::Session>>,
+        namespace_client_pushdown_operations: HashSet<NamespaceClientPushdownOperation>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            namespace: namespace_client,
+            storage_options,
+            read_consistency_interval,
+            session,
+            uri: format!("namespace://{}", namespace_client_impl),
+            pushdown_operations: namespace_client_pushdown_operations,
+            ns_impl: namespace_client_impl,
+            ns_properties: namespace_client_properties,
+            new_table_config: NewTableConfig::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn with_uri(mut self, uri: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        self.uri = uri.into();
+        self
+    }
+
    pub async fn connect(
        ns_impl: &str,
        ns_properties: HashMap<String, String>,
        storage_options: HashMap<String, String>,
        read_consistency_interval: Option<std::time::Duration>,
        session: Option<Arc<lance::session::Session>>,
-        server_side_query_enabled: bool,
+        pushdown_operations: HashSet<NamespaceClientPushdownOperation>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        Self::connect_with_new_table_config(
+            ns_impl,
+            ns_properties,
+            storage_options,
+            read_consistency_interval,
+            session,
+            pushdown_operations,
+            NewTableConfig::default(),
+        )
+        .await
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn connect_with_new_table_config(
+        ns_impl: &str,
+        ns_properties: HashMap<String, String>,
+        storage_options: HashMap<String, String>,
+        read_consistency_interval: Option<std::time::Duration>,
+        session: Option<Arc<lance::session::Session>>,
+        pushdown_operations: HashSet<NamespaceClientPushdownOperation>,
+        new_table_config: NewTableConfig,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        let mut builder = ConnectBuilder::new(ns_impl);
        for (key, value) in ns_properties.clone() {
@@ -72,9 +132,82 @@ impl LanceNamespaceDatabase {
            read_consistency_interval,
            session,
            uri: format!("namespace://{}", ns_impl),
-            server_side_query_enabled,
+            pushdown_operations,
+            ns_impl: ns_impl.to_string(),
+            ns_properties,
+            new_table_config,
        })
    }
+
+    fn extract_storage_overrides(
+        &self,
+        request: &DbCreateTableRequest,
+    ) -> Result<(
+        Option<lance_encoding::version::LanceFileVersion>,
+        Option<bool>,
+        Option<bool>,
+    )> {
+        let storage_options = request
+            .write_options
+            .lance_write_params
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|p| p.store_params.as_ref())
+            .and_then(|sp| sp.storage_options());
+
+        let storage_version_override = storage_options
+            .and_then(|opts| opts.get(OPT_NEW_TABLE_STORAGE_VERSION))
+            .map(|s| s.parse::<lance_encoding::version::LanceFileVersion>())
+            .transpose()?;
+
+        let v2_manifest_override = storage_options
+            .and_then(|opts| opts.get(OPT_NEW_TABLE_V2_MANIFEST_PATHS))
+            .map(|s| s.parse::<bool>())
+            .transpose()
+            .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidInput {
+                message: "enable_v2_manifest_paths must be a boolean".to_string(),
+            })?;
+
+        let stable_row_ids_override = storage_options
+            .and_then(|opts| opts.get(OPT_NEW_TABLE_ENABLE_STABLE_ROW_IDS))
+            .map(|s| s.parse::<bool>())
+            .transpose()
+            .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidInput {
+                message: "enable_stable_row_ids must be a boolean".to_string(),
+            })?;
+
+        Ok((
+            storage_version_override,
+            v2_manifest_override,
+            stable_row_ids_override,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn apply_new_table_config(
+        &self,
+        params: &mut lance::dataset::WriteParams,
+        request: &DbCreateTableRequest,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let (storage_version_override, v2_manifest_override, stable_row_ids_override) =
+            self.extract_storage_overrides(request)?;
+
+        params.data_storage_version = storage_version_override
+            .or(params.data_storage_version)
+            .or(self.new_table_config.data_storage_version);
+
+        if let Some(enable_v2_manifest_paths) =
+            v2_manifest_override.or(self.new_table_config.enable_v2_manifest_paths)
+        {
+            params.enable_v2_manifest_paths = enable_v2_manifest_paths;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(enable_stable_row_ids) =
+            stable_row_ids_override.or(self.new_table_config.enable_stable_row_ids)
+        {
+            params.enable_stable_row_ids = enable_stable_row_ids;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }

 impl std::fmt::Debug for LanceNamespaceDatabase {
@@ -82,7 +215,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for LanceNamespaceDatabase {
        f.debug_struct("LanceNamespaceDatabase")
            .field("storage_options", &self.storage_options)
            .field("read_consistency_interval", &self.read_consistency_interval)
-            .field("server_side_query_enabled", &self.server_side_query_enabled)
+            .field("pushdown_operations", &self.pushdown_operations)
            .finish()
    }
 }
@@ -138,7 +271,7 @@ impl Database for LanceNamespaceDatabase {

    async fn table_names(&self, request: TableNamesRequest) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
        let ns_request = ListTablesRequest {
-            id: Some(request.namespace),
+            id: Some(request.namespace_path),
            page_token: request.start_after,
            limit: request.limit.map(|l| l as i32),
            ..Default::default()
@@ -154,48 +287,34 @@ impl Database for LanceNamespaceDatabase {
    }

    async fn create_table(&self, request: DbCreateTableRequest) -> Result<Arc<dyn BaseTable>> {
-        let mut table_id = request.namespace.clone();
+        let mut table_id = request.namespace_path.clone();
        table_id.push(request.name.clone());
-        let describe_request = DescribeTableRequest {
-            id: Some(table_id.clone()),
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
-        let describe_result = self.namespace.describe_table(describe_request).await;
+        let mut existing_table = None;

        match request.mode {
-            CreateTableMode::Create => {
-                if describe_result.is_ok() {
-                    return Err(Error::TableAlreadyExists {
-                        name: request.name.clone(),
-                    });
-                }
-            }
+            CreateTableMode::Create => {}
            CreateTableMode::Overwrite => {
-                if describe_result.is_ok() {
-                    // Drop the existing table - must succeed
-                    let drop_request = DropTableRequest {
-                        id: Some(table_id.clone()),
-                        ..Default::default()
-                    };
-                    self.namespace
-                        .drop_table(drop_request)
-                        .await
-                        .map_err(|e| Error::Runtime {
-                            message: format!("Failed to drop existing table for overwrite: {}", e),
-                        })?;
-                }
+                let describe_request = DescribeTableRequest {
+                    id: Some(table_id.clone()),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                };
+                existing_table = self.namespace.describe_table(describe_request).await.ok();
            }
            CreateTableMode::ExistOk(_) => {
+                let describe_request = DescribeTableRequest {
+                    id: Some(table_id.clone()),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                };
+                let describe_result = self.namespace.describe_table(describe_request).await;
                if describe_result.is_ok() {
                    let native_table = NativeTable::open_from_namespace(
                        self.namespace.clone(),
                        &request.name,
-                        request.namespace.clone(),
+                        request.namespace_path.clone(),
                        None,
                        None,
                        self.read_consistency_interval,
-                        self.server_side_query_enabled,
+                        self.pushdown_operations.clone(),
                        self.session.clone(),
                    )
                    .await?;
@@ -205,7 +324,7 @@ impl Database for LanceNamespaceDatabase {
            }
        }

-        let mut table_id = request.namespace.clone();
+        let mut table_id = request.namespace_path.clone();
        table_id.push(request.name.clone());

        let declare_request = DeclareTableRequest {
@@ -214,20 +333,86 @@ impl Database for LanceNamespaceDatabase {
        };

        let (location, initial_storage_options, managed_versioning) = {
-            let response = self.namespace.declare_table(declare_request).await?;
-            let loc = response.location.ok_or_else(|| Error::Runtime {
-                message: "Table location is missing from declare_table response".to_string(),
-            })?;
-            // Use storage options from response, fall back to self.storage_options
-            let opts = response
-                .storage_options
-                .or_else(|| Some(self.storage_options.clone()))
-                .filter(|o| !o.is_empty());
-            (loc, opts, response.managed_versioning)
+            if let Some(response) = existing_table {
+                let loc = response.location.ok_or_else(|| Error::Runtime {
+                    message: "Table location is missing from describe_table response".to_string(),
+                })?;
+                let opts = response
+                    .storage_options
+                    .or_else(|| Some(self.storage_options.clone()))
+                    .filter(|o| !o.is_empty());
+                (loc, opts, response.managed_versioning)
+            } else {
+                match self.namespace.declare_table(declare_request).await {
+                    Ok(response) => {
+                        let loc = response.location.ok_or_else(|| Error::Runtime {
+                            message: "Table location is missing from declare_table response"
+                                .to_string(),
+                        })?;
+                        let opts = response
+                            .storage_options
+                            .or_else(|| Some(self.storage_options.clone()))
+                            .filter(|o: &HashMap<String, String>| !o.is_empty());
+                        (loc, opts, response.managed_versioning)
+                    }
+                    Err(e)
+                        if matches!(request.mode, CreateTableMode::Create) && {
+                            let err_str = e.to_string();
+                            err_str.contains("already exists")
+                                || err_str.contains("TableAlreadyExists")
+                                || err_str.contains("table already exists")
+                        } =>
+                    {
+                        let response = self
+                            .namespace
+                            .describe_table(DescribeTableRequest {
+                                id: Some(table_id.clone()),
+                                ..Default::default()
+                            })
+                            .await
+                            .map_err(|describe_err| Error::Runtime {
+                                message: format!(
+                                    "Failed to describe existing declared table after declare conflict: {}",
+                                    describe_err
+                                ),
+                            })?;
+
+                        if response.version.is_some() && response.schema.is_some() {
+                            return Err(Error::TableAlreadyExists {
+                                name: request.name.clone(),
+                            });
+                        }
+
+                        let loc = response.location.ok_or_else(|| Error::Runtime {
+                            message: "Table location is missing from describe_table response"
+                                .to_string(),
+                        })?;
+                        let opts = response
+                            .storage_options
+                            .or_else(|| Some(self.storage_options.clone()))
+                            .filter(|o: &HashMap<String, String>| !o.is_empty());
+                        (loc, opts, response.managed_versioning)
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        return Err(Error::Runtime {
+                            message: format!("Failed to declare table: {}", e),
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+            }
        };

        // Build write params with storage options and commit handler
-        let mut params = request.write_options.lance_write_params.unwrap_or_default();
+        let mut params = request
+            .write_options
+            .lance_write_params
+            .clone()
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+        self.apply_new_table_config(&mut params, &request)?;
+
+        if matches!(request.mode, CreateTableMode::Overwrite) {
+            params.mode = WriteMode::Overwrite;
+        }

        // Set up storage options if provided
        if let Some(storage_opts) = initial_storage_options {
@@ -255,12 +440,12 @@ impl Database for LanceNamespaceDatabase {
            self.namespace.clone(),
            &location,
            &request.name,
-            request.namespace.clone(),
+            request.namespace_path.clone(),
            request.data,
            None, // write_store_wrapper not used for namespace connections
            write_params,
            self.read_consistency_interval,
-            self.server_side_query_enabled,
+            self.pushdown_operations.clone(),
            self.session.clone(),
        )
        .await?;
@@ -272,11 +457,11 @@ impl Database for LanceNamespaceDatabase {
        let native_table = NativeTable::open_from_namespace(
            self.namespace.clone(),
            &request.name,
-            request.namespace.clone(),
+            request.namespace_path.clone(),
            None, // write_store_wrapper not used for namespace connections
            request.lance_read_params,
            self.read_consistency_interval,
-            self.server_side_query_enabled,
+            self.pushdown_operations.clone(),
            self.session.clone(),
        )
        .await?;
@@ -294,16 +479,16 @@ impl Database for LanceNamespaceDatabase {
        &self,
        _cur_name: &str,
        _new_name: &str,
-        _cur_namespace: &[String],
-        _new_namespace: &[String],
+        _cur_namespace_path: &[String],
+        _new_namespace_path: &[String],
    ) -> Result<()> {
        Err(Error::NotSupported {
            message: "rename_table is not supported for namespace connections".to_string(),
        })
    }

-    async fn drop_table(&self, name: &str, namespace: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut table_id = namespace.to_vec();
+    async fn drop_table(&self, name: &str, namespace_path: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut table_id = namespace_path.to_vec();
        table_id.push(name.to_string());

        let drop_request = DropTableRequest {
@@ -321,17 +506,17 @@ impl Database for LanceNamespaceDatabase {
    }

    #[allow(deprecated)]
-    async fn drop_all_tables(&self, namespace: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn drop_all_tables(&self, namespace_path: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
        let tables = self
            .table_names(TableNamesRequest {
-                namespace: namespace.to_vec(),
+                namespace_path: namespace_path.to_vec(),
                start_after: None,
                limit: None,
            })
            .await?;

        for table in tables {
-            self.drop_table(&table, namespace).await?;
+            self.drop_table(&table, namespace_path).await?;
        }

        Ok(())
@@ -344,6 +529,10 @@ impl Database for LanceNamespaceDatabase {
    async fn namespace_client(&self) -> Result<Arc<dyn LanceNamespace>> {
        Ok(self.namespace.clone())
    }
+
+    async fn namespace_client_config(&self) -> Result<(String, HashMap<String, String>)> {
+        Ok((self.ns_impl.clone(), self.ns_properties.clone()))
+    }
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -439,6 +628,47 @@ mod tests {
        ));
    }

+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_namespace_connection_with_namespace_client_properties() {
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root_path = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+
+        let mut properties = HashMap::new();
+        properties.insert("root".to_string(), root_path);
+
+        let conn = connect_namespace("dir", properties)
+            .namespace_client_property("table_version_tracking_enabled", "true")
+            .namespace_client_property("manifest_enabled", "true")
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to connect to namespace");
+
+        conn.create_namespace(CreateNamespaceRequest {
+            id: Some(vec!["test_ns".into()]),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("Failed to create namespace");
+
+        let test_data = create_test_data();
+        conn.create_table("test_table", test_data)
+            .namespace(vec!["test_ns".into()])
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to create table");
+
+        let namespace_client = conn.namespace_client().await.unwrap();
+        let describe = namespace_client
+            .describe_table(DescribeTableRequest {
+                id: Some(vec!["test_ns".into(), "test_table".into()]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to describe table");
+
+        assert_eq!(describe.managed_versioning, Some(true));
+    }
+
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_namespace_create_table_basic() {
        // Setup: Create a temporary directory for the namespace
@@ -640,6 +870,58 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(id_col.value(2), 30);
    }

+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_namespace_create_table_after_declare_conflict() {
+        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root_path = tmp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+
+        let mut properties = HashMap::new();
+        properties.insert("root".to_string(), root_path);
+
+        let conn = connect_namespace("dir", properties)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to connect to namespace");
+
+        conn.create_namespace(CreateNamespaceRequest {
+            id: Some(vec!["test_ns".into()]),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("Failed to create namespace");
+
+        let namespace_client = conn.namespace_client().await.unwrap();
+        namespace_client
+            .declare_table(DeclareTableRequest {
+                id: Some(vec!["test_ns".into(), "declared_test".into()]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to declare table");
+
+        let test_data = create_test_data();
+        let table = conn
+            .create_table("declared_test", test_data)
+            .namespace(vec!["test_ns".into()])
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to create table after declare conflict");
+
+        let results = table
+            .query()
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to query table")
+            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to collect results");
+
+        assert_eq!(results.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(results[0].num_rows(), 5);
+        assert_eq!(table.namespace(), &["test_ns"]);
+        assert_eq!(table.id(), "test_ns$declared_test");
+    }
+
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_namespace_create_table_exist_ok_mode() {
        // Setup: Create a temporary directory for the namespace
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ impl BedrockEmbeddingFunction {
                        ))
                        .send()
                        .await
+                        .map_err(Box::new)
                })
            })
            .unwrap();
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 //! It treats [`FixedSizeList<Float16/Float32>`](https://docs.rs/arrow/latest/arrow/array/struct.FixedSizeListArray.html)
 //! columns as vector columns.
 //!
-//! For more details, please refer to the [LanceDB documentation](https://lancedb.com/docs).
+//! For more details, please refer to the [LanceDB documentation](https://docs.lancedb.com).
 //!
 //! #### Create a table
 //!
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use crate::remote::retry::{ResolvedRetryConfig, RetryCounter};
 const REQUEST_ID_HEADER: HeaderName = HeaderName::from_static("x-request-id");

 /// Configuration for TLS/mTLS settings.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct TlsConfig {
    /// Path to the client certificate file (PEM format)
    pub cert_file: Option<String>,
@@ -24,10 +24,22 @@ pub struct TlsConfig {
    pub key_file: Option<String>,
    /// Path to the CA certificate file for server verification (PEM format)
    pub ssl_ca_cert: Option<String>,
-    /// Whether to verify the hostname in the server's certificate
+    /// Whether to verify the hostname in the server's certificate.
+    /// Defaults to `true`.
    pub assert_hostname: bool,
 }

+impl Default for TlsConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            cert_file: None,
+            key_file: None,
+            ssl_ca_cert: None,
+            assert_hostname: true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Trait for providing custom headers for each request
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 pub trait HeaderProvider: Send + Sync + std::fmt::Debug {
@@ -52,6 +64,13 @@ pub struct ClientConfig {
    pub tls_config: Option<TlsConfig>,
    /// Provider for custom headers to be added to each request
    pub header_provider: Option<Arc<dyn HeaderProvider>>,
+    /// User identifier for tracking purposes.
+    ///
+    /// This is sent as the `x-lancedb-user-id` header in requests to LanceDB Cloud/Enterprise.
+    /// It can be set directly, or via the `LANCEDB_USER_ID` environment variable.
+    /// Alternatively, set `LANCEDB_USER_ID_ENV_KEY` to specify another environment
+    /// variable that contains the user ID value.
+    pub user_id: Option<String>,
 }

 impl std::fmt::Debug for ClientConfig {
@@ -67,6 +86,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for ClientConfig {
                "header_provider",
                &self.header_provider.as_ref().map(|_| "Some(...)"),
            )
+            .field("user_id", &self.user_id)
            .finish()
    }
 }
@@ -81,10 +101,41 @@ impl Default for ClientConfig {
            id_delimiter: None,
            tls_config: None,
            header_provider: None,
+            user_id: None,
        }
    }
 }

+impl ClientConfig {
+    /// Resolve the user ID from the config or environment variables.
+    ///
+    /// Resolution order:
+    /// 1. If `user_id` is set in the config, use that value
+    /// 2. If `LANCEDB_USER_ID` environment variable is set, use that value
+    /// 3. If `LANCEDB_USER_ID_ENV_KEY` is set, read the env var it points to
+    /// 4. Otherwise, return None
+    pub fn resolve_user_id(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        if self.user_id.is_some() {
+            return self.user_id.clone();
+        }
+
+        if let Ok(user_id) = std::env::var("LANCEDB_USER_ID")
+            && !user_id.is_empty()
+        {
+            return Some(user_id);
+        }
+
+        if let Ok(env_key) = std::env::var("LANCEDB_USER_ID_ENV_KEY")
+            && let Ok(user_id) = std::env::var(&env_key)
+            && !user_id.is_empty()
+        {
+            return Some(user_id);
+        }
+
+        None
+    }
+}
+
 /// How to handle timeouts for HTTP requests.
 #[derive(Clone, Default, Debug)]
 pub struct TimeoutConfig {
@@ -464,6 +515,15 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> RestfulLanceDbClient<S> {
            );
        }

+        if let Some(user_id) = config.resolve_user_id() {
+            headers.insert(
+                HeaderName::from_static("x-lancedb-user-id"),
+                HeaderValue::from_str(&user_id).map_err(|_| Error::InvalidInput {
+                    message: format!("non-ascii user_id '{}' provided", user_id),
+                })?,
+            );
+        }
+
        Ok(headers)
    }

@@ -878,7 +938,7 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(config.cert_file.is_none());
        assert!(config.key_file.is_none());
        assert!(config.ssl_ca_cert.is_none());
-        assert!(!config.assert_hostname);
+        assert!(config.assert_hostname);
    }

    #[test]
@@ -1072,4 +1132,91 @@ mod tests {
            _ => panic!("Expected Runtime error"),
        }
    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_resolve_user_id_direct_value() {
+        let config = ClientConfig {
+            user_id: Some("direct-user-id".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(config.resolve_user_id(), Some("direct-user-id".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_resolve_user_id_none() {
+        let config = ClientConfig::default();
+        // Clear env vars that might be set from other tests
+        // SAFETY: This is only called in tests
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::remove_var("LANCEDB_USER_ID");
+            std::env::remove_var("LANCEDB_USER_ID_ENV_KEY");
+        }
+        assert_eq!(config.resolve_user_id(), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_resolve_user_id_from_env() {
+        // SAFETY: This is only called in tests
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::set_var("LANCEDB_USER_ID", "env-user-id");
+        }
+        let config = ClientConfig::default();
+        assert_eq!(config.resolve_user_id(), Some("env-user-id".to_string()));
+        // SAFETY: This is only called in tests
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::remove_var("LANCEDB_USER_ID");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_resolve_user_id_from_env_key() {
+        // SAFETY: This is only called in tests
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::remove_var("LANCEDB_USER_ID");
+            std::env::set_var("LANCEDB_USER_ID_ENV_KEY", "MY_CUSTOM_USER_ID");
+            std::env::set_var("MY_CUSTOM_USER_ID", "custom-env-user-id");
+        }
+        let config = ClientConfig::default();
+        assert_eq!(
+            config.resolve_user_id(),
+            Some("custom-env-user-id".to_string())
+        );
+        // SAFETY: This is only called in tests
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::remove_var("LANCEDB_USER_ID_ENV_KEY");
+            std::env::remove_var("MY_CUSTOM_USER_ID");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_resolve_user_id_direct_takes_precedence() {
+        // SAFETY: This is only called in tests
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::set_var("LANCEDB_USER_ID", "env-user-id");
+        }
+        let config = ClientConfig {
+            user_id: Some("direct-user-id".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(config.resolve_user_id(), Some("direct-user-id".to_string()));
+        // SAFETY: This is only called in tests
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::remove_var("LANCEDB_USER_ID");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_resolve_user_id_empty_env_ignored() {
+        // SAFETY: This is only called in tests
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::set_var("LANCEDB_USER_ID", "");
+            std::env::remove_var("LANCEDB_USER_ID_ENV_KEY");
+        }
+        let config = ClientConfig::default();
+        assert_eq!(config.resolve_user_id(), None);
+        // SAFETY: This is only called in tests
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::remove_var("LANCEDB_USER_ID");
+        }
+    }
 }
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ pub struct RemoteDatabaseOptions {
    pub host_override: Option<String>,
    /// Storage options configure the storage layer (e.g. S3, GCS, Azure, etc.)
    ///
-    /// See available options at <https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/>
+    /// See available options at <https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/>
    ///
    /// These options are only used for LanceDB Enterprise and only a subset of options
    /// are supported.
@@ -362,9 +362,9 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
    }

    async fn table_names(&self, request: TableNamesRequest) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
-        let mut req = if !request.namespace.is_empty() {
+        let mut req = if !request.namespace_path.is_empty() {
            let namespace_id =
-                build_namespace_identifier(&request.namespace, &self.client.id_delimiter);
+                build_namespace_identifier(&request.namespace_path, &self.client.id_delimiter);
            self.client
                .get(&format!("/v1/namespace/{}/table/list", namespace_id))
        } else {
@@ -387,12 +387,12 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
            .tables;
        for table in &tables {
            let table_identifier =
-                build_table_identifier(table, &request.namespace, &self.client.id_delimiter);
-            let cache_key = build_cache_key(table, &request.namespace);
+                build_table_identifier(table, &request.namespace_path, &self.client.id_delimiter);
+            let cache_key = build_cache_key(table, &request.namespace_path);
            let remote_table = Arc::new(RemoteTable::new(
                self.client.clone(),
                table.clone(),
-                request.namespace.clone(),
+                request.namespace_path.clone(),
                table_identifier.clone(),
                version.clone(),
            ));
@@ -442,8 +442,11 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
    async fn create_table(&self, mut request: CreateTableRequest) -> Result<Arc<dyn BaseTable>> {
        let body = stream_as_body(request.data.scan_as_stream())?;

-        let identifier =
-            build_table_identifier(&request.name, &request.namespace, &self.client.id_delimiter);
+        let identifier = build_table_identifier(
+            &request.name,
+            &request.namespace_path,
+            &self.client.id_delimiter,
+        );
        let req = self
            .client
            .post(&format!("/v1/table/{}/create/", identifier))
@@ -463,7 +466,7 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
                    CreateTableMode::ExistOk(callback) => {
                        let req = OpenTableRequest {
                            name: request.name.clone(),
-                            namespace: request.namespace.clone(),
+                            namespace_path: request.namespace_path.clone(),
                            index_cache_size: None,
                            lance_read_params: None,
                            location: None,
@@ -495,13 +498,16 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
        }
        let rsp = self.client.check_response(&request_id, rsp).await?;
        let version = parse_server_version(&request_id, &rsp)?;
-        let table_identifier =
-            build_table_identifier(&request.name, &request.namespace, &self.client.id_delimiter);
-        let cache_key = build_cache_key(&request.name, &request.namespace);
+        let table_identifier = build_table_identifier(
+            &request.name,
+            &request.namespace_path,
+            &self.client.id_delimiter,
+        );
+        let cache_key = build_cache_key(&request.name, &request.namespace_path);
        let table = Arc::new(RemoteTable::new(
            self.client.clone(),
            request.name.clone(),
-            request.namespace.clone(),
+            request.namespace_path.clone(),
            table_identifier,
            version,
        ));
@@ -513,7 +519,7 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
    async fn clone_table(&self, request: CloneTableRequest) -> Result<Arc<dyn BaseTable>> {
        let table_identifier = build_table_identifier(
            &request.target_table_name,
-            &request.target_namespace,
+            &request.target_namespace_path,
            &self.client.id_delimiter,
        );

@@ -542,11 +548,11 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
        }

        let version = parse_server_version(&request_id, &rsp)?;
-        let cache_key = build_cache_key(&request.target_table_name, &request.target_namespace);
+        let cache_key = build_cache_key(&request.target_table_name, &request.target_namespace_path);
        let table = Arc::new(RemoteTable::new(
            self.client.clone(),
            request.target_table_name.clone(),
-            request.target_namespace.clone(),
+            request.target_namespace_path.clone(),
            table_identifier,
            version,
        ));
@@ -556,9 +562,12 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
    }

    async fn open_table(&self, request: OpenTableRequest) -> Result<Arc<dyn BaseTable>> {
-        let identifier =
-            build_table_identifier(&request.name, &request.namespace, &self.client.id_delimiter);
-        let cache_key = build_cache_key(&request.name, &request.namespace);
+        let identifier = build_table_identifier(
+            &request.name,
+            &request.namespace_path,
+            &self.client.id_delimiter,
+        );
+        let cache_key = build_cache_key(&request.name, &request.namespace_path);

        // We describe the table to confirm it exists before moving on.
        if let Some(table) = self.table_cache.get(&cache_key).await {
@@ -574,17 +583,17 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
            let version = parse_server_version(&request_id, &rsp)?;
            let table_identifier = build_table_identifier(
                &request.name,
-                &request.namespace,
+                &request.namespace_path,
                &self.client.id_delimiter,
            );
            let table = Arc::new(RemoteTable::new(
                self.client.clone(),
                request.name.clone(),
-                request.namespace.clone(),
+                request.namespace_path.clone(),
                table_identifier,
                version,
            ));
-            let cache_key = build_cache_key(&request.name, &request.namespace);
+            let cache_key = build_cache_key(&request.name, &request.namespace_path);
            self.table_cache.insert(cache_key, table.clone()).await;
            Ok(table)
        }
@@ -594,18 +603,18 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
        &self,
        current_name: &str,
        new_name: &str,
-        cur_namespace: &[String],
-        new_namespace: &[String],
+        cur_namespace_path: &[String],
+        new_namespace_path: &[String],
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let current_identifier =
-            build_table_identifier(current_name, cur_namespace, &self.client.id_delimiter);
-        let current_cache_key = build_cache_key(current_name, cur_namespace);
-        let new_cache_key = build_cache_key(new_name, new_namespace);
+            build_table_identifier(current_name, cur_namespace_path, &self.client.id_delimiter);
+        let current_cache_key = build_cache_key(current_name, cur_namespace_path);
+        let new_cache_key = build_cache_key(new_name, new_namespace_path);

        let mut body = serde_json::json!({ "new_table_name": new_name });
-        if !new_namespace.is_empty() {
+        if !new_namespace_path.is_empty() {
            body["new_namespace"] = serde_json::Value::Array(
-                new_namespace
+                new_namespace_path
                    .iter()
                    .map(|s| serde_json::Value::String(s.clone()))
                    .collect(),
@@ -624,9 +633,9 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
        Ok(())
    }

-    async fn drop_table(&self, name: &str, namespace: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
-        let identifier = build_table_identifier(name, namespace, &self.client.id_delimiter);
-        let cache_key = build_cache_key(name, namespace);
+    async fn drop_table(&self, name: &str, namespace_path: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
+        let identifier = build_table_identifier(name, namespace_path, &self.client.id_delimiter);
+        let cache_key = build_cache_key(name, namespace_path);
        let req = self.client.post(&format!("/v1/table/{}/drop/", identifier));
        let (request_id, resp) = self.client.send(req).await?;
        self.client.check_response(&request_id, resp).await?;
@@ -634,9 +643,9 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
        Ok(())
    }

-    async fn drop_all_tables(&self, namespace: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn drop_all_tables(&self, namespace_path: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
        // TODO: Implement namespace-aware drop_all_tables
-        let _namespace = namespace; // Suppress unused warning for now
+        let _namespace_path = namespace_path; // Suppress unused warning for now
        Err(crate::Error::NotSupported {
            message: "Dropping all tables is not currently supported in the remote API".to_string(),
        })
@@ -768,6 +777,32 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
        let namespace = builder.build();
        Ok(Arc::new(namespace) as Arc<dyn lance_namespace::LanceNamespace>)
    }
+
+    async fn namespace_client_config(&self) -> Result<(String, HashMap<String, String>)> {
+        let mut properties = HashMap::new();
+        properties.insert("uri".to_string(), self.client.host().to_string());
+        properties.insert("delimiter".to_string(), self.client.id_delimiter.clone());
+        for (key, value) in &self.namespace_headers {
+            properties.insert(format!("header.{}", key), value.clone());
+        }
+        // Add TLS configuration if present
+        if let Some(tls_config) = &self.tls_config {
+            if let Some(cert_file) = &tls_config.cert_file {
+                properties.insert("tls.cert_file".to_string(), cert_file.clone());
+            }
+            if let Some(key_file) = &tls_config.key_file {
+                properties.insert("tls.key_file".to_string(), key_file.clone());
+            }
+            if let Some(ssl_ca_cert) = &tls_config.ssl_ca_cert {
+                properties.insert("tls.ssl_ca_cert".to_string(), ssl_ca_cert.clone());
+            }
+            properties.insert(
+                "tls.assert_hostname".to_string(),
+                tls_config.assert_hostname.to_string(),
+            );
+        }
+        Ok(("rest".to_string(), properties))
+    }
 }

 /// RemoteOptions contains a subset of StorageOptions that are compatible with Remote LanceDB connections
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ pub use lance::dataset::Version;
 use lance::dataset::WriteMode;
 use lance::dataset::builder::DatasetBuilder;
 use lance::dataset::{InsertBuilder, WriteParams};
+use lance::index::DatasetIndexExt;
 use lance::index::vector::VectorIndexParams;
 use lance::index::vector::utils::infer_vector_dim;
 use lance::io::{ObjectStoreParams, WrappingObjectStore};
 use lance_datafusion::utils::StreamingWriteSource;
-use lance_index::DatasetIndexExt;
 use lance_index::IndexType;
 use lance_index::scalar::{BuiltinIndexType, ScalarIndexParams};
 use lance_index::vector::bq::RQBuildParams;
@@ -42,11 +42,13 @@ use lance_table::io::commit::CommitHandler;
 use lance_table::io::commit::ManifestNamingScheme;
 use lance_table::io::commit::external_manifest::ExternalManifestCommitHandler;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::format;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::sync::Arc;

+use crate::connection::NamespaceClientPushdownOperation;
+
 use crate::data::scannable::{PeekedScannable, Scannable, estimate_write_partitions};
 use crate::database::Database;
 use crate::embeddings::{EmbeddingDefinition, EmbeddingRegistry, MemoryRegistry};
@@ -1268,10 +1270,9 @@ pub struct NativeTable {
    // Optional namespace client for namespace operations (e.g., managed versioning).
    // pub(crate) so query.rs can access the field for server-side query execution.
    pub(crate) namespace_client: Option<Arc<dyn LanceNamespace>>,
-    // Whether to enable server-side query execution via the namespace client.
-    // When true and namespace_client is set, queries will be executed on the
-    // namespace server instead of locally.
-    pub(crate) server_side_query_enabled: bool,
+    // Operations to push down to the namespace server.
+    // pub(crate) so query.rs can access the field for server-side query execution.
+    pub(crate) pushdown_operations: HashSet<NamespaceClientPushdownOperation>,
 }

 impl std::fmt::Debug for NativeTable {
@@ -1283,7 +1284,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for NativeTable {
            .field("uri", &self.uri)
            .field("read_consistency_interval", &self.read_consistency_interval)
            .field("namespace_client", &self.namespace_client)
-            .field("server_side_query_enabled", &self.server_side_query_enabled)
+            .field("pushdown_operations", &self.pushdown_operations)
            .finish()
    }
 }
@@ -1320,7 +1321,18 @@ impl NativeTable {
    /// * A [NativeTable] object.
    pub async fn open(uri: &str) -> Result<Self> {
        let name = Self::get_table_name(uri)?;
-        Self::open_with_params(uri, &name, vec![], None, None, None, None, false, None).await
+        Self::open_with_params(
+            uri,
+            &name,
+            vec![],
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            HashSet::new(),
+            None,
+        )
+        .await
    }

    /// Opens an existing Table
@@ -1331,7 +1343,7 @@ impl NativeTable {
    /// * `name` The Table name
    /// * `params` The [ReadParams] to use when opening the table
    /// * `namespace_client` - Optional namespace client for namespace operations
-    /// * `server_side_query_enabled` - Whether to enable server-side query execution
+    /// * `pushdown_operations` - Operations to push down to the namespace server
    /// * `managed_versioning` - Whether managed versioning is enabled. If None and namespace_client
    ///   is provided, the value will be fetched via describe_table.
    ///
@@ -1347,7 +1359,7 @@ impl NativeTable {
        params: Option<ReadParams>,
        read_consistency_interval: Option<std::time::Duration>,
        namespace_client: Option<Arc<dyn LanceNamespace>>,
-        server_side_query_enabled: bool,
+        pushdown_operations: HashSet<NamespaceClientPushdownOperation>,
        managed_versioning: Option<bool>,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        let params = params.unwrap_or_default();
@@ -1417,7 +1429,7 @@ impl NativeTable {
            dataset,
            read_consistency_interval,
            namespace_client,
-            server_side_query_enabled,
+            pushdown_operations,
        })
    }

@@ -1443,10 +1455,8 @@ impl NativeTable {
    /// * `write_store_wrapper` - Optional wrapper for the object store on write path
    /// * `params` - Optional read parameters
    /// * `read_consistency_interval` - Optional interval for read consistency
-    /// * `server_side_query_enabled` - Whether to enable server-side query execution.
-    ///   When true, the namespace_client will be stored and queries will be executed
-    ///   on the namespace server. When false, the namespace is only used for opening
-    ///   the table, and queries are executed locally.
+    /// * `pushdown_operations` - Operations to push down to the namespace server.
+    ///   When `QueryTable` is included, queries will be executed on the namespace server.
    /// * `session` - Optional session for object stores and caching
    ///
    /// # Returns
@@ -1460,7 +1470,7 @@ impl NativeTable {
        write_store_wrapper: Option<Arc<dyn WrappingObjectStore>>,
        params: Option<ReadParams>,
        read_consistency_interval: Option<std::time::Duration>,
-        server_side_query_enabled: bool,
+        pushdown_operations: HashSet<NamespaceClientPushdownOperation>,
        session: Option<Arc<lance::session::Session>>,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        let mut params = params.unwrap_or_default();
@@ -1507,11 +1517,12 @@ impl NativeTable {
        let dataset = DatasetConsistencyWrapper::new_latest(dataset, read_consistency_interval);
        let id = Self::build_id(&namespace, name);

-        let stored_namespace_client = if server_side_query_enabled {
-            Some(namespace_client)
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
+        let stored_namespace_client =
+            if pushdown_operations.contains(&NamespaceClientPushdownOperation::QueryTable) {
+                Some(namespace_client)
+            } else {
+                None
+            };

        Ok(Self {
            name: name.to_string(),
@@ -1521,7 +1532,7 @@ impl NativeTable {
            dataset,
            read_consistency_interval,
            namespace_client: stored_namespace_client,
-            server_side_query_enabled,
+            pushdown_operations,
        })
    }

@@ -1562,7 +1573,7 @@ impl NativeTable {
    /// * `batches` RecordBatch to be saved in the database.
    /// * `params` - Write parameters.
    /// * `namespace_client` - Optional namespace client for namespace operations
-    /// * `server_side_query_enabled` - Whether to enable server-side query execution
+    /// * `pushdown_operations` - Operations to push down to the namespace server
    ///
    /// # Returns
    ///
@@ -1577,7 +1588,7 @@ impl NativeTable {
        params: Option<WriteParams>,
        read_consistency_interval: Option<std::time::Duration>,
        namespace_client: Option<Arc<dyn LanceNamespace>>,
-        server_side_query_enabled: bool,
+        pushdown_operations: HashSet<NamespaceClientPushdownOperation>,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        // Default params uses format v1.
        let params = params.unwrap_or(WriteParams {
@@ -1610,7 +1621,7 @@ impl NativeTable {
            dataset: DatasetConsistencyWrapper::new_latest(dataset, read_consistency_interval),
            read_consistency_interval,
            namespace_client,
-            server_side_query_enabled,
+            pushdown_operations,
        })
    }

@@ -1624,7 +1635,7 @@ impl NativeTable {
        params: Option<WriteParams>,
        read_consistency_interval: Option<std::time::Duration>,
        namespace_client: Option<Arc<dyn LanceNamespace>>,
-        server_side_query_enabled: bool,
+        pushdown_operations: HashSet<NamespaceClientPushdownOperation>,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        let data: Box<dyn Scannable> = Box::new(RecordBatch::new_empty(schema));
        Self::create(
@@ -1636,7 +1647,7 @@ impl NativeTable {
            params,
            read_consistency_interval,
            namespace_client,
-            server_side_query_enabled,
+            pushdown_operations,
        )
        .await
    }
@@ -1659,7 +1670,7 @@ impl NativeTable {
    /// * `write_store_wrapper` - Optional wrapper for the object store on write path
    /// * `params` - Optional write parameters
    /// * `read_consistency_interval` - Optional interval for read consistency
-    /// * `server_side_query_enabled` - Whether to enable server-side query execution
+    /// * `pushdown_operations` - Operations to push down to the namespace server
    ///
    /// # Returns
    ///
@@ -1674,7 +1685,7 @@ impl NativeTable {
        write_store_wrapper: Option<Arc<dyn WrappingObjectStore>>,
        params: Option<WriteParams>,
        read_consistency_interval: Option<std::time::Duration>,
-        server_side_query_enabled: bool,
+        pushdown_operations: HashSet<NamespaceClientPushdownOperation>,
        session: Option<Arc<lance::session::Session>>,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        // Build table_id from namespace + name for the storage options provider
@@ -1726,11 +1737,12 @@ impl NativeTable {

        let id = Self::build_id(&namespace, name);

-        let stored_namespace_client = if server_side_query_enabled {
-            Some(namespace_client)
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
+        let stored_namespace_client =
+            if pushdown_operations.contains(&NamespaceClientPushdownOperation::QueryTable) {
+                Some(namespace_client)
+            } else {
+                None
+            };

        Ok(Self {
            name: name.to_string(),
@@ -1740,7 +1752,7 @@ impl NativeTable {
            dataset: DatasetConsistencyWrapper::new_latest(dataset, read_consistency_interval),
            read_consistency_interval,
            namespace_client: stored_namespace_client,
-            server_side_query_enabled,
+            pushdown_operations,
        })
    }

@@ -2751,9 +2763,19 @@ mod tests {
            vec![Ok(batch.clone())],
            batch.schema(),
        ));
-        let table = NativeTable::create(uri, "test", vec![], reader, None, None, None, None, false)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
+        let table = NativeTable::create(
+            uri,
+            "test",
+            vec![],
+            reader,
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            HashSet::new(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(table.count_rows(None).await.unwrap(), 10);
        assert_eq!(
@@ -3780,7 +3802,7 @@ mod tests {
            TableStatistics {
                num_rows: 250,
                num_indices: 0,
-                total_bytes: 2000,
+                total_bytes: 2300,
                fragment_stats: FragmentStatistics {
                    num_fragments: 11,
                    num_small_fragments: 11,
@@ -285,7 +285,10 @@ mod tests {

    use super::*;

-    use crate::{connect, io::object_store::io_tracking::IoStatsHolder, table::WriteOptions};
+    use crate::{
+        connect, io::object_store::io_tracking::IoStatsHolder, table::WriteOptions,
+        utils::background_cache::clock,
+    };

    async fn create_test_dataset(uri: &str) -> Dataset {
        let schema = Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, false)]));
@@ -463,6 +466,10 @@ mod tests {
        let uri = dir.path().to_str().unwrap();
        let ds = create_test_dataset(uri).await;

+        // Other tests use a thread-local mock clock. Simulate leaked state from a
+        // previous test to ensure this wrapper starts from real time.
+        clock::advance_by(Duration::from_secs(60));
+
        let wrapper = DatasetConsistencyWrapper::new_latest(ds, Some(Duration::from_millis(200)));

        // Populate the cache
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;

 use lance::dataset::cleanup::RemovalStats;
 use lance::dataset::optimize::{CompactionMetrics, IndexRemapperOptions, compact_files};
-use lance_index::DatasetIndexExt;
+use lance::index::DatasetIndexExt;
 use lance_index::optimize::OptimizeOptions;
 use log::info;

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;

 use super::NativeTable;
+use crate::connection::NamespaceClientPushdownOperation;
 use crate::error::{Error, Result};
 use crate::expr::expr_to_sql_string;
 use crate::query::{
@@ -40,8 +41,10 @@ pub async fn execute_query(
    query: &AnyQuery,
    options: QueryExecutionOptions,
 ) -> Result<DatasetRecordBatchStream> {
-    // If server-side query is enabled and namespace client is configured, use server-side query execution
-    if table.server_side_query_enabled
+    // If QueryTable pushdown is enabled and namespace client is configured, use server-side query execution
+    if table
+        .pushdown_operations
+        .contains(&NamespaceClientPushdownOperation::QueryTable)
        && let Some(ref namespace_client) = table.namespace_client
    {
        return execute_namespace_query(table, namespace_client.clone(), query, options).await;
@@ -107,6 +107,14 @@ where
            refresh_window < ttl,
            "refresh_window ({refresh_window:?}) must be less than ttl ({ttl:?})"
        );
+        #[cfg(test)]
+        {
+            // Tests may advance the thread-local mock clock and leave it behind for
+            // the next test that happens to run on the same worker thread. Each new
+            // cache should start from a clean clock state instead of inheriting
+            // unrelated mock time from a previous test.
+            clock::clear_mock();
+        }
        Self {
            inner: Arc::new(Mutex::new(CacheInner {
                state: State::Empty,