Bump version: 0.38.0-beta.6 → 0.38.0-beta.7

2026-08-28 08:58:41 +00:00 · 2026-08-24 21:08:39 +00:00
136 changed files with 1825 additions and 9667 deletions
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tool.bumpversion]
-current_version = "0.38.0-beta.11"
+current_version = "0.38.0-beta.7"
 parse = """(?x)
    (?P<major>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
    (?P<minor>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
@@ -3455,8 +3455,8 @@ checksum = "42703706b716c37f96a77aea830392ad231f44c9e9a67872fa5548707e11b11c"

 [[package]]
 name = "fsst"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "rand 0.9.5",
@@ -4815,8 +4815,8 @@ checksum = "e037a2e1d8d5fdbd49b16a4ea09d5d6401c1f29eca5ff29d03d3824dba16256a"

 [[package]]
 name = "lance"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arc-swap",
 "arrow",
@@ -4888,8 +4888,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-arrow"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-buffer",
@@ -4911,7 +4911,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-arrow-scalar"
 version = "58.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-buffer",
@@ -4925,7 +4925,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-arrow-stats"
 version = "58.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-schema",
@@ -4934,8 +4934,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-bitpacking"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrayref",
 "crunchy",
@@ -4945,8 +4945,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-core"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-buffer",
@@ -4983,8 +4983,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-datafusion"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow",
 "arrow-array",
@@ -5013,8 +5013,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-datagen"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow",
 "arrow-array",
@@ -5031,8 +5031,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-derive"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
@@ -5041,8 +5041,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-encoding"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-arith",
 "arrow-array",
@@ -5075,8 +5075,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-file"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-arith",
 "arrow-array",
@@ -5107,8 +5107,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-index"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arc-swap",
 "arrow",
@@ -5172,8 +5172,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-index-core"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-schema",
@@ -5195,8 +5195,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-io"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow",
 "arrow-array",
@@ -5236,8 +5236,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-linalg"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-schema",
@@ -5251,8 +5251,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-namespace"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow",
 "async-trait",
@@ -5264,8 +5264,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-namespace-impls"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow",
 "arrow-ipc",
@@ -5318,8 +5318,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-select"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-buffer",
@@ -5333,8 +5333,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-table"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow",
 "arrow-array",
@@ -5374,8 +5374,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-testing"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-schema",
@@ -5388,8 +5388,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-tokenizer"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "11.0.0-beta.22"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v11.0.0-beta.22#ea3cb4d799c468232735e9bcb43959487aca5c20"
 dependencies = [
 "frostem",
 "icu_segmenter",
@@ -5402,7 +5402,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lancedb"
-version = "0.38.0-beta.11"
+version = "0.38.0-beta.6"
 dependencies = [
 "ahash",
 "anyhow",
@@ -5490,7 +5490,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lancedb-nodejs"
-version = "0.38.0-beta.11"
+version = "0.38.0-beta.6"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-buffer",
@@ -5515,7 +5515,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lancedb-python"
-version = "0.38.0-beta.11"
+version = "0.38.0-beta.6"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow",
 "async-trait",
@@ -13,20 +13,20 @@ categories = ["database-implementations"]
 rust-version = "1.91.0"

 [workspace.dependencies]
-lance = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-core = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-datagen = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-file = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-io = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-index = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-linalg = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-namespace = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-namespace-impls = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-table = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-testing = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-encoding = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-arrow = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance = { "version" = "=11.0.0-beta.22", default-features = false, "tag" = "v11.0.0-beta.22", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-core = { "version" = "=11.0.0-beta.22", "tag" = "v11.0.0-beta.22", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-datagen = { "version" = "=11.0.0-beta.22", "tag" = "v11.0.0-beta.22", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-file = { "version" = "=11.0.0-beta.22", "tag" = "v11.0.0-beta.22", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-io = { "version" = "=11.0.0-beta.22", default-features = false, "tag" = "v11.0.0-beta.22", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-index = { "version" = "=11.0.0-beta.22", "tag" = "v11.0.0-beta.22", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-linalg = { "version" = "=11.0.0-beta.22", "tag" = "v11.0.0-beta.22", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace = { "version" = "=11.0.0-beta.22", "tag" = "v11.0.0-beta.22", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace-impls = { "version" = "=11.0.0-beta.22", default-features = false, "tag" = "v11.0.0-beta.22", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-table = { "version" = "=11.0.0-beta.22", "tag" = "v11.0.0-beta.22", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-testing = { "version" = "=11.0.0-beta.22", "tag" = "v11.0.0-beta.22", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=11.0.0-beta.22", "tag" = "v11.0.0-beta.22", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-encoding = { "version" = "=11.0.0-beta.22", "tag" = "v11.0.0-beta.22", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-arrow = { "version" = "=11.0.0-beta.22", "tag" = "v11.0.0-beta.22", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
 lancedb = { path = "rust/lancedb", default-features = false }
 ahash = "0.8"
 # Note that this one does not include pyarrow
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Add the following dependency to your `pom.xml`:
 <dependency>
    <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
    <artifactId>lancedb-core</artifactId>
-    <version>0.38.0-beta.11</version>
+    <version>0.38.0-beta.7</version>
 </dependency>
 ```

@@ -1,518 +0,0 @@
-[**@lancedb/lancedb**](../README.md) • **Docs**
-
-***
-
-[@lancedb/lancedb](../globals.md) / AutoQuery
-
-# Class: AutoQuery
-
-A builder for automatic string searches.
-
-Automatic search determines whether to use full-text or vector search from
-the table revision selected for each execution. This builder exposes the
-common operations supported by both query families.
-
-## Extends
-
- `StandardQueryBase`&lt;`NativeQuery` \| `NativeVectorQuery`&gt;
-
-## Properties
-
-### inner
-
-```ts
-protected inner: Query | VectorQuery | Promise<Query | VectorQuery>;
-```
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.inner`
-
-## Methods
-
-### analyzePlan()
-
-```ts
-analyzePlan(distributedMetrics?): Promise<string>
-```
-
-Executes the query and returns the physical query plan annotated with runtime metrics.
-
-This is useful for debugging and performance analysis, as it shows how the query was executed
-and includes metrics such as elapsed time, rows processed, and I/O statistics.
-
-#### Parameters
-
-* **distributedMetrics?**: [`AnalyzePlanDistributedMetrics`](../type-aliases/AnalyzePlanDistributedMetrics.md)
-    How distributed worker metrics are displayed for remote query plans.
-    Defaults to `"aggregate"`.
-
-#### Returns
-
-`Promise`&lt;`string`&gt;
-
-A query execution plan with runtime metrics for each step.
-
-#### Example
-
-```ts
-import * as lancedb from "@lancedb/lancedb"
-
-const db = await lancedb.connect("./.lancedb");
-const table = await db.createTable("my_table", [
-  { vector: [1.1, 0.9], id: "1" },
-]);
-
-const plan = await table.query().nearestTo([0.5, 0.2]).analyzePlan();
-
-Example output (with runtime metrics inlined):
-AnalyzeExec verbose=true, metrics=[]
- ProjectionExec: expr=[id@3 as id, vector@0 as vector, _distance@2 as _distance], metrics=[output_rows=1, elapsed_compute=3.292µs]
-  Take: columns="vector, _rowid, _distance, (id)", metrics=[output_rows=1, elapsed_compute=66.001µs, batches_processed=1, bytes_read=8, iops=1, requests=1]
-   CoalesceBatchesExec: target_batch_size=1024, metrics=[output_rows=1, elapsed_compute=3.333µs]
-    GlobalLimitExec: skip=0, fetch=10, metrics=[output_rows=1, elapsed_compute=167ns]
-     FilterExec: _distance@2 IS NOT NULL, metrics=[output_rows=1, elapsed_compute=8.542µs]
-      SortExec: TopK(fetch=10), expr=[_distance@2 ASC NULLS LAST], metrics=[output_rows=1, elapsed_compute=63.25µs, row_replacements=1]
-       KNNVectorDistance: metric=l2, metrics=[output_rows=1, elapsed_compute=114.333µs, output_batches=1]
-        LanceScan: uri=/path/to/data, projection=[vector], row_id=true, row_addr=false, ordered=false, metrics=[output_rows=1, elapsed_compute=103.626µs, bytes_read=549, iops=2, requests=2]
-```
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.analyzePlan`
-
-***
-
-### execute()
-
-```ts
-protected execute(options?): AsyncGenerator<RecordBatch<any>, void, unknown>
-```
-
-Execute the query and return the results as an
-
-#### Parameters
-
-* **options?**: `Partial`&lt;[`QueryExecutionOptions`](../interfaces/QueryExecutionOptions.md)&gt;
-
-#### Returns
-
-`AsyncGenerator`&lt;`RecordBatch`&lt;`any`&gt;, `void`, `unknown`&gt;
-
-#### See
-
- - AsyncIterator
-of
- - RecordBatch.
-
-By default, LanceDb will use many threads to calculate results and, when
-the result set is large, multiple batches will be processed at one time.
-This readahead is limited however and backpressure will be applied if this
-stream is consumed slowly (this constrains the maximum memory used by a
-single query)
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.execute`
-
-***
-
-### explainPlan()
-
-```ts
-explainPlan(verbose): Promise<string>
-```
-
-Generates an explanation of the query execution plan.
-
-#### Parameters
-
-* **verbose**: `boolean` = `false`
-    If true, provides a more detailed explanation. Defaults to false.
-
-#### Returns
-
-`Promise`&lt;`string`&gt;
-
-A Promise that resolves to a string containing the query execution plan explanation.
-
-#### Example
-
-```ts
-import * as lancedb from "@lancedb/lancedb"
-const db = await lancedb.connect("./.lancedb");
-const table = await db.createTable("my_table", [
-  { vector: [1.1, 0.9], id: "1" },
-]);
-const plan = await table.query().nearestTo([0.5, 0.2]).explainPlan();
-```
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.explainPlan`
-
-***
-
-### fastSearch()
-
-```ts
-fastSearch(): this
-```
-
-Skip searching un-indexed data. This can make search faster, but will miss
-any data that is not yet indexed.
-
-Use [Table#optimize](Table.md#optimize) to index all un-indexed data.
-
-#### Returns
-
-`this`
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.fastSearch`
-
-***
-
-### ~~filter()~~
-
-```ts
-filter(predicate): this
-```
-
-A filter statement to be applied to this query.
-
-#### Parameters
-
-* **predicate**: `string`
-
-#### Returns
-
-`this`
-
-#### See
-
-where
-
-#### Deprecated
-
-Use `where` instead
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.filter`
-
-***
-
-### fullTextSearch()
-
-```ts
-fullTextSearch(query, options?): this
-```
-
-#### Parameters
-
-* **query**: `string` \| [`FullTextQuery`](../interfaces/FullTextQuery.md)
-
-* **options?**: `Partial`&lt;[`FullTextSearchOptions`](../interfaces/FullTextSearchOptions.md)&gt;
-
-#### Returns
-
-`this`
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.fullTextSearch`
-
-***
-
-### limit()
-
-```ts
-limit(limit): this
-```
-
-Set the maximum number of results to return.
-
-By default, a plain search has no limit.  If this method is not
-called then every valid row from the table will be returned.
-
-#### Parameters
-
-* **limit**: `number`
-
-#### Returns
-
-`this`
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.limit`
-
-***
-
-### offset()
-
-```ts
-offset(offset): this
-```
-
-Set the number of rows to skip before returning results.
-
-This is useful for pagination.
-
-#### Parameters
-
-* **offset**: `number`
-
-#### Returns
-
-`this`
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.offset`
-
-***
-
-### orderBy()
-
-```ts
-orderBy(ordering): this
-```
-
-Sort the results by the specified column(s).
-
-#### Parameters
-
-* **ordering**: [`ColumnOrdering`](../interfaces/ColumnOrdering.md) \| [`ColumnOrdering`](../interfaces/ColumnOrdering.md)[]
-
-#### Returns
-
-`this`
-
-This query builder.
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.orderBy`
-
-***
-
-### outputSchema()
-
-```ts
-outputSchema(): Promise<Schema<any>>
-```
-
-Returns the schema of the output that will be returned by this query.
-
-This can be used to inspect the types and names of the columns that will be
-returned by the query before executing it.
-
-#### Returns
-
-`Promise`&lt;`Schema`&lt;`any`&gt;&gt;
-
-An Arrow Schema describing the output columns.
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.outputSchema`
-
-***
-
-### select()
-
-```ts
-select(columns): this
-```
-
-Return only the specified columns.
-
-By default a query will return all columns from the table.  However, this can have
-a very significant impact on latency.  LanceDb stores data in a columnar fashion.  This
-means we can finely tune our I/O to select exactly the columns we need.
-
-As a best practice you should always limit queries to the columns that you need.  If you
-pass in an array of column names then only those columns will be returned.
-
-You can also use this method to create new "dynamic" columns based on your existing columns.
-For example, you may not care about "a" or "b" but instead simply want "a + b".  This is often
-seen in the SELECT clause of an SQL query (e.g. `SELECT a+b FROM my_table`).
-
-To create dynamic columns you can pass in a Map<string, string>.  A column will be returned
-for each entry in the map.  The key provides the name of the column.  The value is
-an SQL string used to specify how the column is calculated.
-
-For example, an SQL query might state `SELECT a + b AS combined, c`.  The equivalent
-input to this method would be:
-
-#### Parameters
-
-* **columns**: `string` \| `string`[] \| `Record`&lt;`string`, `string`&gt; \| `Map`&lt;`string`, `string`&gt;
-
-#### Returns
-
-`this`
-
-#### Example
-
-```ts
-new Map([["combined", "a + b"], ["c", "c"]])
-
-Columns will always be returned in the order given, even if that order is different than
-the order used when adding the data.
-
-Note that you can pass in a `Record<string, string>` (e.g. an object literal). This method
-uses `Object.entries` which should preserve the insertion order of the object.  However,
-object insertion order is easy to get wrong and `Map` is more foolproof.
-```
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.select`
-
-***
-
-### toArray()
-
-```ts
-toArray(options?): Promise<any[]>
-```
-
-Collect the results as an array of objects.
-
-#### Parameters
-
-* **options?**: `Partial`&lt;[`QueryExecutionOptions`](../interfaces/QueryExecutionOptions.md)&gt;
-
-#### Returns
-
-`Promise`&lt;`any`[]&gt;
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.toArray`
-
-***
-
-### toArrow()
-
-```ts
-toArrow(options?): Promise<Table<any>>
-```
-
-Collect the results as an Arrow
-
-#### Parameters
-
-* **options?**: `Partial`&lt;[`QueryExecutionOptions`](../interfaces/QueryExecutionOptions.md)&gt;
-
-#### Returns
-
-`Promise`&lt;`Table`&lt;`any`&gt;&gt;
-
-#### See
-
-ArrowTable.
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.toArrow`
-
-***
-
-### useLsm()
-
-```ts
-useLsm(enable): this
-```
-
-Control MemWAL read routing for this query.
-
-By default (unset), when the table carries a MemWAL write spec (see
-[Table#setLsmWriteSpec](Table.md#setlsmwritespec)), reads are routed through the LSM scanner so
-they also return data written via the `mergeInsert` LSM path that has not yet
-been compacted into the base table (the active/frozen in-memory memtables and
-the flushed generations), deduplicated by primary key; a table without a spec
-reads the base table.
-
-#### Parameters
-
-* **enable**: `boolean`
-    `true` forces the LSM scanner and errors if the table has no
-    MemWAL write spec. `false` bypasses the MemWAL and reads the base table only,
-    even when a spec is present.
-    Note: the LSM scanner does not support every query shape (e.g. reranking,
-    hybrid search, `orderBy`). On a MemWAL table those shapes error unless
-    `useLsm(false)` is set, because a base-only read would silently exclude
-    un-compacted MemWAL data.
-
-#### Returns
-
-`this`
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.useLsm`
-
-***
-
-### where()
-
-```ts
-where(predicate): this
-```
-
-A filter statement to be applied to this query.
-
-The filter should be supplied as an SQL query string.  For example:
-
-#### Parameters
-
-* **predicate**: `string`
-
-#### Returns
-
-`this`
-
-#### Example
-
-```ts
-x > 10
-y > 0 AND y < 100
-x > 5 OR y = 'test'
-
-Filtering performance can often be improved by creating a scalar index
-on the filter column(s).
-
-Calling this multiple times combines the filters with a logical AND rather
-than replacing the previous filter.
-```
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.where`
-
-***
-
-### withRowId()
-
-```ts
-withRowId(): this
-```
-
-Whether to return the row id in the results.
-
-This column can be used to match results between different queries. For
-example, to match results from a full text search and a vector search in
-order to perform hybrid search.
-
-#### Returns
-
-`this`
-
-#### Inherited from
-
-`StandardQueryBase.withRowId`
@@ -584,70 +584,6 @@ Child namespace names and

 ***

-### listTables()
-
-#### listTables(options)
-
-```ts
-abstract listTables(options?): Promise<ListTablesResponse>
-```
-
-List a page of the tables in this database.
-
-To retrieve the tables after the page, pass the `pageToken` the response
-carries back in. A page can be shorter than `limit` without being the last
-one, so walk until a response carries no page token:
-
-```ts
-const names = [];
-let pageToken = undefined;
-do {
-  const page = await conn.listTables({ pageToken, limit: 100 });
-  names.push(...page.tables);
-  pageToken = page.pageToken;
-} while (pageToken);
-```
-
-##### Parameters
-
-* **options?**: `Partial`&lt;[`ListTablesOptions`](../interfaces/ListTablesOptions.md)&gt;
-    Pagination options
-    (`pageToken`, `limit`).
-
-##### Returns
-
-`Promise`&lt;[`ListTablesResponse`](../interfaces/ListTablesResponse.md)&gt;
-
-A page of table names and an
-  optional token for the tables after it.
-
-#### listTables(namespacePath, options)
-
-```ts
-abstract listTables(namespacePath?, options?): Promise<ListTablesResponse>
-```
-
-List a page of the tables in this database.
-
-##### Parameters
-
-* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace path to list tables from
-    (defaults to root namespace)
-
-* **options?**: `Partial`&lt;[`ListTablesOptions`](../interfaces/ListTablesOptions.md)&gt;
-    Pagination options
-    (`pageToken`, `limit`).
-
-##### Returns
-
-`Promise`&lt;[`ListTablesResponse`](../interfaces/ListTablesResponse.md)&gt;
-
-A page of table names and an
-  optional token for the tables after it.
-
-***
-
 ### openMaterializedView()

 ```ts
@@ -724,7 +660,7 @@ a "not supported" error.

 ***

-### ~~tableNames()~~
+### tableNames()

 #### tableNames(options)

@@ -746,10 +682,6 @@ Tables will be returned in lexicographical order.

 `Promise`&lt;`string`[]&gt;

-##### Deprecated
-
-Use [Connection.listTables](Connection.md#listtables) instead.
-
 #### tableNames(namespacePath, options)

 ```ts
@@ -772,7 +704,3 @@ Tables will be returned in lexicographical order.
 ##### Returns

 `Promise`&lt;`string`[]&gt;
-
-##### Deprecated
-
-Use [Connection.listTables](Connection.md#listtables) instead.
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ abstract checkpointLsm(): Promise<void>

 Converge this table's LSM write path into its base table.

-Freezes once, then triggers compaction and polls until the SSTables that existed
+Seals once, then triggers compaction and polls until the L0 that existed
 at the start is gone. The target set is fixed at the start, so
 generations created *during* the checkpoint are ignored — that is what
 lets it terminate under write load, and what makes it best-effort: it
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ It is a no-op when no writers are cached.
 abstract compactLsm(): Promise<void>
 ```

-Trigger a background SSTable compaction pass per table shard.
+Trigger a background L0 → base compaction pass per bucket.

 Returns once the passes are *dispatched*, not once they finish — watch
 [Table#getLsmStats](Table.md#getlsmstats) for progress, or use
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ Drop an index from the table.
 abstract flushLsm(): Promise<void>
 ```

-Freeze every table shard's active memtable into a new SSTable.
+Seal every bucket's active memtable into a new L0 generation.

 Returns once the seal is committed. Sealing an empty memtable is a no-op,
 so this is safe to call repeatedly.
@@ -519,10 +519,10 @@ so this is safe to call repeatedly.
 ### getLsmStats()

 ```ts
-abstract getLsmStats(includeSstableRows?): Promise<undefined | LsmStats>
+abstract getLsmStats(includeGenerationRows?): Promise<undefined | LsmStats>
 ```

-Read live per-table-shard LSM state.
+Read live per-bucket LSM state.

 Answers "how far behind is my fresh tier", "which bucket is hot", and
 "why is my fresh-tier vector search brute-force". Mutates no table state.
@@ -531,8 +531,8 @@ Resolves to `undefined` only when the LSM write path is not enabled.

 #### Parameters

-* **includeSstableRows?**: `boolean`
-    Also count rows per SSTable.
+* **includeGenerationRows?**: `boolean`
+    Also count rows per L0 generation.
    Off by default because each count opens an uncached Lance dataset.

 #### Returns
@@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ Get the schema of the table.
 abstract search(
   query,
   queryType?,
-   ftsColumns?): Query | VectorQuery | AutoQuery
+   ftsColumns?): Query | VectorQuery
 ```

 Create a search query to find the nearest neighbors
@@ -964,7 +964,7 @@ of the given query

 #### Returns

-[`Query`](Query.md) \| [`VectorQuery`](VectorQuery.md) \| [`AutoQuery`](AutoQuery.md)
+[`Query`](Query.md) \| [`VectorQuery`](VectorQuery.md)

 ***

@@ -1292,18 +1292,6 @@ abstract updateFieldMetadata(updates): Promise<UpdateFieldMetadataResult>

 Update per-field (column) metadata.

-The following keys are treated specially, by convention, and should be
-used when appropriate:
-
- `lancedb:description`: for a human-readable description of a field.
- `lancedb:tag:<name>`: for a user-defined key-value tag, where the suffix
-  names the tag category; e.g. `lancedb:tag:model: "clip"`.
- `lancedb:logical-column`: for a column grouping; e.g. `feature_v1` and
-  `feature_v2` might be in the same logical column.
- `lancedb:status`: for status options (`production`, `candidate`,
-  `deprecated`, `archived`) to designate the current life cycle state of
-  this column.
-
 #### Parameters

 * **updates**: [`FieldMetadataUpdate`](../interfaces/FieldMetadataUpdate.md)[]
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@

 ## Classes

- [AutoQuery](classes/AutoQuery.md)
 - [BooleanQuery](classes/BooleanQuery.md)
 - [BoostQuery](classes/BoostQuery.md)
 - [BranchContents](classes/BranchContents.md)
@@ -60,6 +59,7 @@
 - [BranchDiff](interfaces/BranchDiff.md)
 - [BranchIndexSummary](interfaces/BranchIndexSummary.md)
 - [BranchRowCountSummary](interfaces/BranchRowCountSummary.md)
+- [BucketStats](interfaces/BucketStats.md)
 - [CherryPickError](interfaces/CherryPickError.md)
 - [CherryPickPreview](interfaces/CherryPickPreview.md)
 - [CherryPickResult](interfaces/CherryPickResult.md)
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@
 - [FtsToken](interfaces/FtsToken.md)
 - [FullTextQuery](interfaces/FullTextQuery.md)
 - [FullTextSearchOptions](interfaces/FullTextSearchOptions.md)
+- [GenerationStats](interfaces/GenerationStats.md)
 - [HnswPqOptions](interfaces/HnswPqOptions.md)
 - [HnswSqOptions](interfaces/HnswSqOptions.md)
 - [IndexConfig](interfaces/IndexConfig.md)
@@ -99,8 +100,6 @@
 - [JobInfo](interfaces/JobInfo.md)
 - [ListNamespacesOptions](interfaces/ListNamespacesOptions.md)
 - [ListNamespacesResponse](interfaces/ListNamespacesResponse.md)
- [ListTablesOptions](interfaces/ListTablesOptions.md)
- [ListTablesResponse](interfaces/ListTablesResponse.md)
 - [LsmStats](interfaces/LsmStats.md)
 - [LsmWriteSpec](interfaces/LsmWriteSpec.md)
 - [MaterializedViewDefinition](interfaces/MaterializedViewDefinition.md)
@@ -124,9 +123,7 @@
 - [SplitHashOptions](interfaces/SplitHashOptions.md)
 - [SplitRandomOptions](interfaces/SplitRandomOptions.md)
 - [SplitSequentialOptions](interfaces/SplitSequentialOptions.md)
- [SsTableStats](interfaces/SsTableStats.md)
 - [TableNamesOptions](interfaces/TableNamesOptions.md)
- [TableShardStats](interfaces/TableShardStats.md)
 - [TableStatistics](interfaces/TableStatistics.md)
 - [TimeoutConfig](interfaces/TimeoutConfig.md)
 - [TlsConfig](interfaces/TlsConfig.md)
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@

 ***

-[@lancedb/lancedb](../globals.md) / TableShardStats
+[@lancedb/lancedb](../globals.md) / BucketStats

-# Interface: TableShardStats
+# Interface: BucketStats

-Live state of one table shard. A table is N table shards on one node; flattening to a
-single number hides the one hot table shard that is usually why someone opened
+Live state of one bucket. A table is N buckets on one node; flattening to a
+single number hides the one hot bucket that is usually why someone opened
 this endpoint.

 ## Properties
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ this endpoint.
 compacting: boolean;
 ```

-Whether a pass owns this table shard's compaction latch right now. Says *a*
+Whether a pass owns this bucket's compaction latch right now. Says *a*
 driver is running, not *whose*, and the latch is held from dispatch —
 including while the pass queues for a pod-wide compactor permit. Read it
 as "do not pile on", never as "mine is progressing".
@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ The generation the active memtable will become.

 ***

-### sstables
+### generations

 ```ts
-sstables: SsTableStats[];
+generations: GenerationStats[];
 ```

-SSTables not yet merged into the base table.
+Flushed L0 generations not yet merged into the base table.

 ***

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Version of the shard manifest these numbers were read from.
 optional memtables: MemtableStats[];
 ```

-Oldest first, active last. Absent for a `"Sealed"` table shard, whose
+Oldest first, active last. Absent for a `"Sealed"` bucket, whose
 in-memory state is torn down.

 ***
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ WAL position replay resumes from.
 shardId: string;
 ```

-The shard this table shard writes.
+The shard this bucket writes.

 ***

@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ metadata: Record<string, null | string>;
 ```

 Metadata key/value pairs. Merged into the field's existing metadata by
-default; a value of `null` deletes that key. See
-[Table.updateFieldMetadata](../classes/Table.md#updatefieldmetadata) for the conventional `lancedb:*` keys.
+default; a value of `null` deletes that key.

 ***

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+[**@lancedb/lancedb**](../README.md) • **Docs**
+
+***
+
+[@lancedb/lancedb](../globals.md) / GenerationStats
+
+# Interface: GenerationStats
+
+One flushed L0 generation.
+
+## Properties
+
+### bytes
+
+```ts
+bytes: number;
+```
+
+On-disk size of the generation.
+
+***
+
+### generation
+
+```ts
+generation: number;
+```
+
+The generation number. Increases as memtables are sealed into L0.
+
+***
+
+### rows?
+
+```ts
+optional rows: number;
+```
+
+Present only when `includeGenerationRows` was requested. Off by default
+because each count opens an uncached Lance dataset.
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-[**@lancedb/lancedb**](../README.md) • **Docs**
-
-***
-
-[@lancedb/lancedb](../globals.md) / ListTablesOptions
-
-# Interface: ListTablesOptions
-
-## Properties
-
-### limit?
-
-```ts
-optional limit: number;
-```
-
-An upper bound on how many tables to return.
-
-A page may hold fewer than this and still not be the last one, so keep
-going while the response carries a page token rather than while pages are
-full.
-
-***
-
-### pageToken?
-
-```ts
-optional pageToken: string;
-```
-
-Token from a previous response, to resume listing where it left off.
-
-The token is opaque: it carries whatever the database needs to resume, and
-callers should not construct or interpret one.
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-[**@lancedb/lancedb**](../README.md) • **Docs**
-
-***
-
-[@lancedb/lancedb](../globals.md) / ListTablesResponse
-
-# Interface: ListTablesResponse
-
-## Properties
-
-### pageToken?
-
-```ts
-optional pageToken: string;
-```
-
-***
-
-### tables
-
-```ts
-tables: string[];
-```
@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@

 # Interface: LsmStats

-Live per-table-shard LSM state, as returned by `Table#getLsmStats`.
+Live per-bucket LSM state, as returned by `Table#getLsmStats`.

-Nothing here is derived: sums and differences (total SSTable bytes, WAL lag) are
+Nothing here is derived: sums and differences (total L0 bytes, WAL lag) are
 the caller's to compute.

 ## Properties

-### tableShards
+### buckets

 ```ts
-tableShards: TableShardStats[];
+buckets: BucketStats[];
 ```

-One entry per table shard backing this table.
+One entry per bucket backing this table.
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-[**@lancedb/lancedb**](../README.md) • **Docs**
-
-***
-
-[@lancedb/lancedb](../globals.md) / SsTableStats
-
-# Interface: SsTableStats
-
-One SSTable.
-
-## Properties
-
-### bytes
-
-```ts
-bytes: number;
-```
-
-On-disk size of the SSTable.
-
-***
-
-### generation
-
-```ts
-generation: number;
-```
-
-The generation number. Increases as memtables are frozen into SSTables.
-
-***
-
-### rows?
-
-```ts
-optional rows: number;
-```
-
-Present only when `includeSstableRows` was requested. Off by default
-because each count opens an uncached Lance dataset.
@@ -4,16 +4,11 @@

 [@lancedb/lancedb](../globals.md) / TableNamesOptions

-# Interface: ~~TableNamesOptions~~
-
-## Deprecated
-
-Use [ListTablesOptions](ListTablesOptions.md) with [Connection.listTables](../classes/Connection.md#listtables)
-instead.
+# Interface: TableNamesOptions

 ## Properties

-### ~~limit?~~
+### limit?

 ```ts
 optional limit: number;
@@ -23,7 +18,7 @@ An optional limit to the number of results to return.

 ***

-### ~~startAfter?~~
+### startAfter?

 ```ts
 optional startAfter: string;
@@ -10,12 +10,16 @@
 function getRegistry(): EmbeddingFunctionRegistry
 ```

-Get the global embedding function registry.
-
-LanceDB built-in providers are initialized when this public API is first
-used, so importing the root package does not change automatic search
-selection for tables without embedding metadata.
+Utility function to get the global instance of the registry

 ## Returns

 [`EmbeddingFunctionRegistry`](../classes/EmbeddingFunctionRegistry.md)
+
+`EmbeddingFunctionRegistry` The global instance of the registry
+
+## Example
+
+```ts
+const registry = getRegistry();
+const openai = registry.get("openai").create();
@@ -159,8 +159,6 @@ and combined with [BooleanQuery][lancedb.query.BooleanQuery].

 ::: lancedb.query.FullTextOperator

-::: lancedb.query.DocumentGranularity
-
 ::: lancedb.query.Occur

 ## Embeddings
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
    <parent>
      <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
      <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-      <version>0.38.0-beta.11</version>
+      <version>0.38.0-beta.7</version>
      <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.OptionalLong;

 /**
- * Live state of one tableShard. A table is N tableShards on one node; flattening to a single number hides
- * the one hot tableShard that is usually why someone opened this endpoint.
+ * Live state of one bucket. A table is N buckets on one node; flattening to a single number hides
+ * the one hot bucket that is usually why someone opened this endpoint.
 */
-public class TableShardStats {
-  private static final String CONTEXT = "tableShard stats";
+public class BucketStats {
+  private static final String CONTEXT = "bucket stats";

  private final String shardId;
  private final String status;
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ public class TableShardStats {
  private final long currentGeneration;
  private final long replayAfterWalEntryPosition;
  private final long walEntryPositionLastSeen;
-  private final List<SsTableStats> sstables;
+  private final List<GenerationStats> generations;
  private final boolean compacting;
  private final List<MemtableStats> memtables;

-  TableShardStats(
+  BucketStats(
      String shardId,
      String status,
      long writerEpoch,
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public class TableShardStats {
      long currentGeneration,
      long replayAfterWalEntryPosition,
      long walEntryPositionLastSeen,
-      List<SsTableStats> sstables,
+      List<GenerationStats> generations,
      boolean compacting,
      List<MemtableStats> memtables) {
    this.shardId = shardId;
@@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ public class TableShardStats {
    this.currentGeneration = currentGeneration;
    this.replayAfterWalEntryPosition = replayAfterWalEntryPosition;
    this.walEntryPositionLastSeen = walEntryPositionLastSeen;
-    this.sstables = Collections.unmodifiableList(sstables);
+    this.generations = Collections.unmodifiableList(generations);
    this.compacting = compacting;
    this.memtables = memtables == null ? null : Collections.unmodifiableList(memtables);
  }

-  /** The shard this tableShard writes. */
+  /** The shard this bucket writes. */
  public String shardId() {
    return shardId;
  }
@@ -100,13 +100,13 @@ public class TableShardStats {
    return walEntryPositionLastSeen;
  }

-  /** SSTables not yet merged into the base table. */
-  public List<SsTableStats> sstables() {
-    return sstables;
+  /** Flushed L0 generations not yet merged into the base table. */
+  public List<GenerationStats> generations() {
+    return generations;
  }

  /**
-   * Whether a pass owns this tableShard's compaction latch right now. Says <em>a</em> driver is
+   * Whether a pass owns this bucket's compaction latch right now. Says <em>a</em> driver is
   * running, not <em>whose</em>, and the latch is held from dispatch — including while the pass
   * queues for a pod-wide compactor permit. Read it as "do not pile on", never as "mine is
   * progressing".
@@ -115,15 +115,15 @@ public class TableShardStats {
    return compacting;
  }

-  /** Oldest first, active last. Empty for a {@code "Sealed"} tableShard, whose state is torn down. */
+  /** Oldest first, active last. Empty for a {@code "Sealed"} bucket, whose state is torn down. */
  public Optional<List<MemtableStats>> memtables() {
    return Optional.ofNullable(memtables);
  }

-  /** The newest SSTable generation, or empty when the tier is empty. */
-  OptionalLong newestSstableGeneration() {
+  /** The newest flushed generation, or empty when L0 is empty. */
+  OptionalLong newestGeneration() {
    OptionalLong newest = OptionalLong.empty();
-    for (SsTableStats generation : sstables) {
+    for (GenerationStats generation : generations) {
      if (!newest.isPresent() || generation.generation() > newest.getAsLong()) {
        newest = OptionalLong.of(generation.generation());
      }
@@ -132,15 +132,15 @@ public class TableShardStats {
  }

  /**
-   * How many SSTables at or below {@code target} are still uncompacted.
+   * How many generations at or below {@code target} are still in L0.
   *
   * <p>A count, not a boolean: one pass drains a bounded prefix rather than the whole target set,
   * so a boolean would read as "no progress" for every pass but the last. Compaction drains
   * oldest-first, so this decreases monotonically.
   */
-  long outstandingSstables(long target) {
+  long outstandingGenerations(long target) {
    long count = 0;
-    for (SsTableStats generation : sstables) {
+    for (GenerationStats generation : generations) {
      if (generation.generation() <= target) {
        count++;
      }
@@ -148,11 +148,11 @@ public class TableShardStats {
    return count;
  }

-  static TableShardStats fromJson(JsonNode node) {
+  static BucketStats fromJson(JsonNode node) {
    JsonFields.requiredObject(node, CONTEXT);
-    List<SsTableStats> sstables = new ArrayList<SsTableStats>();
-    for (JsonNode generation : JsonFields.requiredArray(node, "sstables", CONTEXT)) {
-      sstables.add(SsTableStats.fromJson(generation));
+    List<GenerationStats> generations = new ArrayList<GenerationStats>();
+    for (JsonNode generation : JsonFields.requiredArray(node, "generations", CONTEXT)) {
+      generations.add(GenerationStats.fromJson(generation));
    }

    JsonNode memtablesNode = JsonFields.optionalArray(node, "memtables", CONTEXT);
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ public class TableShardStats {
      }
    }

-    return new TableShardStats(
+    return new BucketStats(
        JsonFields.requiredText(node, "shard_id", CONTEXT),
        JsonFields.requiredText(node, "status", CONTEXT),
        JsonFields.requiredLong(node, "writer_epoch", CONTEXT),
@@ -172,21 +172,21 @@ public class TableShardStats {
        JsonFields.requiredLong(node, "current_generation", CONTEXT),
        JsonFields.requiredLong(node, "replay_after_wal_entry_position", CONTEXT),
        JsonFields.requiredLong(node, "wal_entry_position_last_seen", CONTEXT),
-        sstables,
+        generations,
        JsonFields.requiredBoolean(node, "compacting", CONTEXT),
        memtables);
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
-    return "TableShardStats{shardId="
+    return "BucketStats{shardId="
        + shardId
        + ", status="
        + status
        + ", currentGeneration="
        + currentGeneration
-        + ", sstables="
-        + sstables
+        + ", generations="
+        + generations
        + ", compacting="
        + compacting
        + "}";
@@ -17,21 +17,21 @@ import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;

 import java.util.OptionalLong;

-/** One SSTable. */
-public class SsTableStats {
+/** One flushed L0 generation. */
+public class GenerationStats {
  private static final String CONTEXT = "generation stats";

  private final long generation;
  private final long bytes;
  private final Long rows;

-  SsTableStats(long generation, long bytes, Long rows) {
+  GenerationStats(long generation, long bytes, Long rows) {
    this.generation = generation;
    this.bytes = bytes;
    this.rows = rows;
  }

-  /** The generation number. Increases as memtables are frozen into SSTables. */
+  /** The generation number. Increases as memtables are sealed into L0. */
  public long generation() {
    return generation;
  }
@@ -42,16 +42,16 @@ public class SsTableStats {
  }

  /**
-   * Rows in this generation, present only when {@code includeSstableRows} was requested. Off by
+   * Rows in this generation, present only when {@code includeGenerationRows} was requested. Off by
   * default because each count opens an uncached Lance dataset.
   */
  public OptionalLong rows() {
    return rows == null ? OptionalLong.empty() : OptionalLong.of(rows);
  }

-  static SsTableStats fromJson(JsonNode node) {
+  static GenerationStats fromJson(JsonNode node) {
    JsonFields.requiredObject(node, CONTEXT);
-    return new SsTableStats(
+    return new GenerationStats(
        JsonFields.requiredLong(node, "generation", CONTEXT),
        JsonFields.requiredLong(node, "bytes", CONTEXT),
        JsonFields.optionalLong(node, "rows", CONTEXT));
@@ -59,6 +59,6 @@ public class SsTableStats {

  @Override
  public String toString() {
-    return "SsTableStats{generation=" + generation + ", bytes=" + bytes + ", rows=" + rows + "}";
+    return "GenerationStats{generation=" + generation + ", bytes=" + bytes + ", rows=" + rows + "}";
  }
 }
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import java.util.OptionalLong;
 *
 * <p>Installing an {@link LsmWriteSpec} routes {@code mergeInsert} upserts through Lance's MemWAL —
 * an LSM-style append — instead of the standard merge path. Rows land in an in-memory memtable,
- * freeze into SSTables, and are merged into the base table by compaction.
+ * seal into L0 generations, and are merged into the base table by compaction.
 *
 * <p>These routes are not part of the Lance Namespace specification, so they are issued directly
 * rather than through {@link org.lance.namespace.LanceNamespace}.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ import java.util.OptionalLong;
 *     .buildRestClient();
 *
 * LanceDbTableLsm lsm = new LanceDbTableLsm(client, "my_table");
- * lsm.setLsmWriteSpec(LsmWriteSpec.tableShard("id", 16));
+ * lsm.setLsmWriteSpec(LsmWriteSpec.bucket("id", 16));
 * // ... merge_insert traffic ...
 * lsm.checkpointLsm();
 * }</pre>
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsm {
   * Install an {@link LsmWriteSpec} on this table, selecting the MemWAL LSM write path for future
   * {@code mergeInsert} calls.
   *
-   * <p>All variants require the table to have an unenforced primary key; tableShard sharding
+   * <p>All variants require the table to have an unenforced primary key; bucket sharding
   * additionally requires it to be the single column being bucketed.
   */
  public void setLsmWriteSpec(LsmWriteSpec spec) {
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsm {
  }

  /**
-   * Freeze every table shard's active memtable into a new SSTable.
+   * Seal every bucket's active memtable into a new L0 generation.
   *
   * <p>Returns once the seal is committed. Sealing an empty memtable is a no-op, so this is safe to
   * call repeatedly.
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsm {
  }

  /**
-   * Trigger a background SSTable compaction pass per table shard.
+   * Trigger a background L0 → base compaction pass per bucket.
   *
   * <p>Returns once the passes are <em>dispatched</em>, not once they finish — watch {@link
   * #getLsmStats}, or use {@link #checkpointLsm} to wait for convergence.
@@ -150,9 +150,9 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsm {
  }

  /**
-   * Read live per-tableShard LSM state.
+   * Read live per-bucket LSM state.
   *
-   * <p>Answers "how far behind is my fresh tier", "which tableShard is hot", and "why is my fresh-tier
+   * <p>Answers "how far behind is my fresh tier", "which bucket is hot", and "why is my fresh-tier
   * vector search brute-force". Mutates no table state.
   *
   * <p>Empty only when the LSM write path is not enabled — that is, when the server sends an absent
@@ -160,13 +160,13 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsm {
   * one throws rather than decoding to something empty, because {@link #checkpointLsm} reads
   * convergence out of these numbers and cannot tell a defaulted array from a drained one.
   *
-   * @param includeSstableRows Also count rows per SSTable. Off by default because each
+   * @param includeGenerationRows Also count rows per L0 generation. Off by default because each
   *     count opens an uncached Lance dataset.
   * @throws IllegalStateException if the response is absent or does not decode.
   */
-  public Optional<LsmStats> getLsmStats(boolean includeSstableRows) {
+  public Optional<LsmStats> getLsmStats(boolean includeGenerationRows) {
    Map<String, Object> body = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
-    body.put("include_sstable_rows", includeSstableRows);
+    body.put("include_generation_rows", includeGenerationRows);
    JsonNode response = client.post(route("get_lsm_stats"), body);
    if (response == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("get_lsm_stats returned an empty response body");
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsm {
  /**
   * Converge this table's LSM write path into its base table.
   *
-   * <p>Freezes once, fixes a target watermark from the resulting SSTables, then triggers compaction and
-   * polls until those SSTables are gone. The target set is fixed at the start, so sstables created
+   * <p>Seals once, fixes a target watermark from the resulting L0, then triggers compaction and
+   * polls until that L0 is gone. The target set is fixed at the start, so generations created
   * <em>during</em> the checkpoint are ignored — that is what lets it terminate under write load,
   * and what makes it best-effort: it converges the fresh tier as of some instant. Idempotent,
   * abandonable at any point, safe on a cadence.
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsm {
    for (int reissue = 0; reissue <= MAX_REISSUES; reissue++) {
      // The seal turns everything written before this call into a generation, so the
      // watermark has to be read after it. Idempotent: sealing an empty memtable is a
-      // no-op, so a re-issue does not churn empty sstables.
+      // no-op, so a re-issue does not churn empty generations.
      if (issueVoid(this::flushLsm)) {
        backoff(reissue);
        continue;
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsm {
        return;
      }

-      Map<String, Long> targets = newestSstableGenerations(stats.value.get());
+      Map<String, Long> targets = newestGenerations(stats.value.get());
      if (targets.isEmpty()) {
        return;
      }
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsm {
  }

  /**
-   * Trigger and poll until no tableShard holds a generation at or below its target.
+   * Trigger and poll until no bucket holds a generation at or below its target.
   *
   * @return true when the drain finished, false when the table needs re-claiming from flush.
   */
@@ -250,21 +250,21 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsm {
        return true;
      }

-      // `compacting` is the tableShard's compaction latch, held from dispatch until the pass
+      // `compacting` is the bucket's compaction latch, held from dispatch until the pass
      // ends — including while it waits on a pod-wide permit. So it answers one question
      // only: do not pile on. Buckets with nothing outstanding are skipped, not counted
      // as idle.
      long outstanding = 0;
      boolean allCompacting = true;
-      for (TableShardStats tableShard : stats.value.get().tableShards()) {
-        Long target = targets.get(tableShard.shardId());
+      for (BucketStats bucket : stats.value.get().buckets()) {
+        Long target = targets.get(bucket.shardId());
        if (target == null) {
          continue;
        }
-        long remaining = tableShard.outstandingSstables(target);
+        long remaining = bucket.outstandingGenerations(target);
        if (remaining > 0) {
          outstanding += remaining;
-          allCompacting &= tableShard.compacting();
+          allCompacting &= bucket.compacting();
        }
      }
      if (outstanding == 0) {
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsm {
          if (!isRetryable(e)) {
            throw e;
          }
-          // A 429 here means the server could latch no tableShard at all, which the poll
+          // A 429 here means the server could latch no bucket at all, which the poll
          // above already handles. Not retried in place: the latch it would contend for
          // is the one doing the work, so fall through and re-read — POLL_INTERVAL_MS is
          // the backoff.
@@ -291,13 +291,13 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsm {
    }
  }

-  /** The newest generation held by each tableShard, skipping tableShards holding none. */
-  private static Map<String, Long> newestSstableGenerations(LsmStats stats) {
+  /** The newest generation held by each bucket, skipping buckets holding none. */
+  private static Map<String, Long> newestGenerations(LsmStats stats) {
    Map<String, Long> targets = new HashMap<String, Long>();
-    for (TableShardStats tableShard : stats.tableShards()) {
-      OptionalLong newest = tableShard.newestSstableGeneration();
+    for (BucketStats bucket : stats.buckets()) {
+      OptionalLong newest = bucket.newestGeneration();
      if (newest.isPresent()) {
-        targets.put(tableShard.shardId(), newest.getAsLong());
+        targets.put(bucket.shardId(), newest.getAsLong());
      }
    }
    return targets;
@@ -20,37 +20,37 @@ import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;

 /**
- * Live per-tableShard LSM state, as returned by {@link LanceDbTableLsm#getLsmStats()}.
+ * Live per-bucket LSM state, as returned by {@link LanceDbTableLsm#getLsmStats()}.
 *
- * <p>Nothing here is derived: sums and differences (total SSTable bytes, WAL lag) are the caller's to
+ * <p>Nothing here is derived: sums and differences (total L0 bytes, WAL lag) are the caller's to
 * compute. There is no "LSM is off" shape — that case is an empty {@link java.util.Optional},
 * because a stats object of zeros would read as measurements.
 */
 public class LsmStats {
  private static final String CONTEXT = "lsm stats";

-  private final List<TableShardStats> tableShards;
+  private final List<BucketStats> buckets;

-  LsmStats(List<TableShardStats> tableShards) {
-    this.tableShards = Collections.unmodifiableList(tableShards);
+  LsmStats(List<BucketStats> buckets) {
+    this.buckets = Collections.unmodifiableList(buckets);
  }

-  /** One entry per tableShard. */
-  public List<TableShardStats> tableShards() {
-    return tableShards;
+  /** One entry per bucket. */
+  public List<BucketStats> buckets() {
+    return buckets;
  }

  static LsmStats fromJson(JsonNode node) {
    JsonFields.requiredObject(node, CONTEXT);
-    List<TableShardStats> tableShards = new ArrayList<TableShardStats>();
-    for (JsonNode tableShard : JsonFields.requiredArray(node, "table_shards", CONTEXT)) {
-      tableShards.add(TableShardStats.fromJson(tableShard));
+    List<BucketStats> buckets = new ArrayList<BucketStats>();
+    for (JsonNode bucket : JsonFields.requiredArray(node, "buckets", CONTEXT)) {
+      buckets.add(BucketStats.fromJson(bucket));
    }
-    return new LsmStats(tableShards);
+    return new LsmStats(buckets);
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
-    return "LsmStats{tableShards=" + tableShards + "}";
+    return "LsmStats{buckets=" + buckets + "}";
  }
 }
@@ -132,10 +132,10 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsmTest {
    enqueue("set_lsm_write_spec", 200, "");

    lsm.setLsmWriteSpec(
-        LsmWriteSpec.tableShard("id", 16).withMaintainedIndexes(Arrays.asList("id_idx")));
+        LsmWriteSpec.bucket("id", 16).withMaintainedIndexes(Arrays.asList("id_idx")));

    JsonNode body = MAPPER.readTree(requestBodies.get(0));
-    assertEquals("tableShard", body.get("sharding").get("mode").asText());
+    assertEquals("bucket", body.get("sharding").get("mode").asText());
    assertEquals("id", body.get("sharding").get("column").asText());
    assertEquals(16, body.get("sharding").get("num_buckets").asInt());
    assertEquals(1, body.get("maintained_indexes").size());
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsmTest {
    enqueue(
        "get_lsm_write_spec",
        200,
-        "{\"lsm_write_spec\":{\"sharding\":{\"mode\":\"tableShard\",\"column\":\"id\","
+        "{\"lsm_write_spec\":{\"sharding\":{\"mode\":\"bucket\",\"column\":\"id\","
            + "\"num_buckets\":16},\"maintained_indexes\":[\"id_idx\"],"
            + "\"writer_config_defaults\":{\"durable_write\":\"true\"}}}");

@@ -228,14 +228,14 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsmTest {

  @Test
  public void testGetLsmStats() throws Exception {
-    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(tableShard("shard-0", false, 7L, 8L)));
+    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(bucket("shard-0", false, 7L, 8L)));

    Optional<LsmStats> got = lsm.getLsmStats(true);

    assertEquals("/v1/table/my_table/get_lsm_stats/", requestPaths.get(0));
-    assertTrue(MAPPER.readTree(requestBodies.get(0)).get("include_sstable_rows").asBoolean());
+    assertTrue(MAPPER.readTree(requestBodies.get(0)).get("include_generation_rows").asBoolean());
    assertTrue(got.isPresent());
-    TableShardStats decoded = got.get().tableShards().get(0);
+    BucketStats decoded = got.get().buckets().get(0);
    assertEquals("shard-0", decoded.shardId());
    assertEquals("Active", decoded.status());
    assertEquals(1, decoded.writerEpoch());
@@ -243,8 +243,8 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsmTest {
    assertEquals(9, decoded.currentGeneration());
    assertFalse(decoded.compacting());
    assertEquals(Arrays.asList(7L, 8L), generationNumbers(decoded));
-    assertEquals(1024, decoded.sstables().get(0).bytes());
-    assertFalse(decoded.sstables().get(0).rows().isPresent(), "rows absent unless requested");
+    assertEquals(1024, decoded.generations().get(0).bytes());
+    assertFalse(decoded.generations().get(0).rows().isPresent(), "rows absent unless requested");
    assertFalse(decoded.memtables().isPresent(), "absent memtables stay absent");
  }

@@ -254,19 +254,19 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsmTest {
    enqueue(
        "get_lsm_stats",
        200,
-        "{\"lsm_stats\":{\"tableShards\":[{\"shard_id\":\"shard-0\",\"status\":\"Active\","
+        "{\"lsm_stats\":{\"buckets\":[{\"shard_id\":\"shard-0\",\"status\":\"Active\","
            + "\"writer_epoch\":1,\"manifest_version\":2,\"current_generation\":9,"
            + "\"replay_after_wal_entry_position\":3,\"wal_entry_position_last_seen\":11,"
-            + "\"sstables\":[{\"generation\":7,\"bytes\":1024,\"rows\":42}],"
+            + "\"generations\":[{\"generation\":7,\"bytes\":1024,\"rows\":42}],"
            + "\"compacting\":true,\"memtables\":[{\"generation\":8,\"rows\":5,"
            + "\"bytes\":64,\"batches\":2,\"indexes\":[\"id_idx\"]}]}]}}");

-    TableShardStats decoded = lsm.getLsmStats(true).get().tableShards().get(0);
+    BucketStats decoded = lsm.getLsmStats(true).get().buckets().get(0);

    assertEquals(3, decoded.replayAfterWalEntryPosition());
    assertEquals(11, decoded.walEntryPositionLastSeen());
    assertTrue(decoded.compacting());
-    assertEquals(42, decoded.sstables().get(0).rows().getAsLong());
+    assertEquals(42, decoded.generations().get(0).rows().getAsLong());
    assertTrue(decoded.memtables().isPresent());
    MemtableStats memtable = decoded.memtables().get().get(0);
    assertEquals(8, memtable.generation());
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsmTest {

    lsm.getLsmStats();

-    assertFalse(MAPPER.readTree(requestBodies.get(0)).get("include_sstable_rows").asBoolean());
+    assertFalse(MAPPER.readTree(requestBodies.get(0)).get("include_generation_rows").asBoolean());
  }

  // ===========================================================================
@@ -334,8 +334,8 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsmTest {
  @Test
  public void testCheckpointReturnsWhenNoGenerationsOutstanding() {
    enqueue("flush_lsm", 200, "");
-    // A table shard with no SSTables yields no target, so the drain never starts.
-    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(tableShard("shard-0", false)));
+    // A bucket with no L0 generations yields no target, so the drain never starts.
+    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(bucket("shard-0", false)));

    lsm.checkpointLsm();

@@ -345,12 +345,12 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsmTest {
  @Test
  public void testCheckpointConvergesOnceTargetGenerationsAreGone() {
    enqueue("flush_lsm", 200, "");
-    // Watermark read: shard-0 holds sstables 7 and 8, so target = 8.
-    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(tableShard("shard-0", false, 7L, 8L)));
+    // Watermark read: shard-0 holds generations 7 and 8, so target = 8.
+    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(bucket("shard-0", false, 7L, 8L)));
    // First drain poll: both still outstanding, nothing compacting -> dispatch a pass.
-    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(tableShard("shard-0", false, 7L, 8L)));
+    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(bucket("shard-0", false, 7L, 8L)));
    // Second drain poll: drained past the target -> done.
-    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(tableShard("shard-0", false, 9L)));
+    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(bucket("shard-0", false, 9L)));
    enqueue("compact_lsm", 200, "");

    lsm.checkpointLsm();
@@ -362,14 +362,14 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsmTest {
  @Test
  public void testCheckpointDoesNotPileOnWhileEveryTargetBucketIsCompacting() {
    enqueue("flush_lsm", 200, "");
-    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(tableShard("shard-0", true, 4L)));
+    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(bucket("shard-0", true, 4L)));
    // Still compacting on the first poll, so no pass is dispatched; then it drains.
-    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(tableShard("shard-0", true, 4L)));
-    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(tableShard("shard-0", false, 5L)));
+    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(bucket("shard-0", true, 4L)));
+    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(bucket("shard-0", false, 5L)));

    lsm.checkpointLsm();

-    assertEquals(0, countCalls("compact_lsm"), "a latched tableShard is left alone");
+    assertEquals(0, countCalls("compact_lsm"), "a latched bucket is left alone");
  }

  @Test
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsmTest {
    // from flush rather than retrying the read in place.
    enqueue("flush_lsm", 200, "");
    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 421, "no claim");
-    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(tableShard("shard-0", false)));
+    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(bucket("shard-0", false)));

    lsm.checkpointLsm();

@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsmTest {
  public void testCheckpointRetriesRetryableStatusInPlace() {
    enqueue("flush_lsm", 429, "latch held");
    enqueue("flush_lsm", 200, "");
-    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(tableShard("shard-0", false)));
+    enqueue("get_lsm_stats", 200, stats(bucket("shard-0", false)));

    lsm.checkpointLsm();

@@ -421,27 +421,27 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsmTest {

  /**
   * A stats payload that does not decode must fail closed. Every one of these bodies used to be
-   * read as "no tableShards", which is indistinguishable from a drained table, so {@code checkpointLsm}
+   * read as "no buckets", which is indistinguishable from a drained table, so {@code checkpointLsm}
   * reported convergence for a checkpoint that never ran.
   */
  @Test
  public void testCheckpointRejectsMalformedStats() {
    Map<String, String> malformed = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
    malformed.put("no response body at all", "");
-    malformed.put("stats object with no tableShards", "{\"lsm_stats\":{}}");
-    malformed.put("tableShard missing its required fields", "{\"lsm_stats\":{\"tableShards\":[{}]}}");
+    malformed.put("stats object with no buckets", "{\"lsm_stats\":{}}");
+    malformed.put("bucket missing its required fields", "{\"lsm_stats\":{\"buckets\":[{}]}}");
    malformed.put(
-        "tableShard missing sstables",
-        "{\"lsm_stats\":{\"tableShards\":[{\"shard_id\":\"shard-0\",\"status\":\"Active\","
+        "bucket missing generations",
+        "{\"lsm_stats\":{\"buckets\":[{\"shard_id\":\"shard-0\",\"status\":\"Active\","
            + "\"writer_epoch\":1,\"manifest_version\":2,\"current_generation\":9,"
            + "\"replay_after_wal_entry_position\":0,\"wal_entry_position_last_seen\":0,"
            + "\"compacting\":false}]}}");
    malformed.put(
        "generation with a non-numeric generation number",
-        "{\"lsm_stats\":{\"tableShards\":[{\"shard_id\":\"shard-0\",\"status\":\"Active\","
+        "{\"lsm_stats\":{\"buckets\":[{\"shard_id\":\"shard-0\",\"status\":\"Active\","
            + "\"writer_epoch\":1,\"manifest_version\":2,\"current_generation\":9,"
            + "\"replay_after_wal_entry_position\":0,\"wal_entry_position_last_seen\":0,"
-            + "\"sstables\":[{\"generation\":\"7\",\"bytes\":1024}],"
+            + "\"generations\":[{\"generation\":\"7\",\"bytes\":1024}],"
            + "\"compacting\":false}]}}");

    for (Map.Entry<String, String> each : malformed.entrySet()) {
@@ -492,22 +492,22 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsmTest {
  // harness
  // ===========================================================================

-  private static List<Long> generationNumbers(TableShardStats tableShard) {
+  private static List<Long> generationNumbers(BucketStats bucket) {
    List<Long> numbers = new ArrayList<Long>();
-    for (SsTableStats generation : tableShard.sstables()) {
+    for (GenerationStats generation : bucket.generations()) {
      numbers.add(generation.generation());
    }
    return numbers;
  }

-  /** Build an {@code lsm_stats} response body from tableShard fragments. */
-  private static String stats(String... tableShards) {
-    return "{\"lsm_stats\":{\"tableShards\":[" + String.join(",", tableShards) + "]}}";
+  /** Build an {@code lsm_stats} response body from bucket fragments. */
+  private static String stats(String... buckets) {
+    return "{\"lsm_stats\":{\"buckets\":[" + String.join(",", buckets) + "]}}";
  }

-  private static String tableShard(String shardId, boolean compacting, Long... sstables) {
+  private static String bucket(String shardId, boolean compacting, Long... generations) {
    StringBuilder gens = new StringBuilder();
-    for (Long generation : sstables) {
+    for (Long generation : generations) {
      if (gens.length() > 0) {
        gens.append(",");
      }
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ public class LanceDbTableLsmTest {
        + shardId
        + "\",\"status\":\"Active\",\"writer_epoch\":1,\"manifest_version\":2,"
        + "\"current_generation\":9,\"replay_after_wal_entry_position\":0,"
-        + "\"wal_entry_position_last_seen\":0,\"sstables\":["
+        + "\"wal_entry_position_last_seen\":0,\"generations\":["
        + gens
        + "],\"compacting\":"
        + compacting
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@

    <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
    <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-    <version>0.38.0-beta.11</version>
+    <version>0.38.0-beta.7</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <name>${project.artifactId}</name>
    <description>LanceDB Java SDK Parent POM</description>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <arrow.version>15.0.0</arrow.version>
-        <lance-core.version>12.0.0-beta.2</lance-core.version>
+        <lance-core.version>11.0.0-beta.22</lance-core.version>
        <spotless.skip>false</spotless.skip>
        <spotless.version>2.30.0</spotless.version>
        <spotless.java.googlejavaformat.version>1.7</spotless.java.googlejavaformat.version>
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-nodejs"
 edition.workspace = true
-version = "0.38.0-beta.11"
+version = "0.38.0-beta.7"
 publish = false
 license.workspace = true
 description.workspace = true
@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
-import * as fs from "node:fs";
-import * as vm from "node:vm";
 import * as arrow15 from "apache-arrow-15";
 import * as arrow16 from "apache-arrow-16";
 import * as arrow17 from "apache-arrow-17";
 import * as arrow18 from "apache-arrow-18";

 import {
-  Field as CurrentField,
-  LargeBinary as CurrentLargeBinary,
-  Schema as CurrentSchema,
  Vector as CurrentVector,
  convertToTable,
  tableFromIPC as currentTableFromIPC,
@@ -41,59 +36,6 @@ function sampleRecords(): Array<Record<string, any>> {
    },
  ];
 }
-
-it("serializes an Arrow Table created in another JavaScript realm", async () => {
-  const context = vm.createContext({
-    TextDecoder,
-    TextEncoder,
-    console,
-    setTimeout,
-    clearTimeout,
-  });
-  vm.runInContext(
-    fs.readFileSync(
-      require.resolve("apache-arrow-15/Arrow.es2015.min"),
-      "utf8",
-    ),
-    context,
-  );
-  const foreignTable: unknown = vm.runInContext(
-    "Arrow.tableFromArrays({ id: new Int32Array([1, 2, 3]), text: ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'] })",
-    context,
-  );
-
-  const foreignMetadata = (
-    foreignTable as { schema: { metadata: Map<string, string> } }
-  ).schema.metadata;
-  expect(foreignMetadata).not.toBeInstanceOf(Map);
-
-  const buf = await fromDataToBuffer(
-    foreignTable as Parameters<typeof fromDataToBuffer>[0],
-  );
-  const actual = currentTableFromIPC(buf);
-
-  expect(actual.numRows).toBe(3);
-  expect(actual.getChild("id")?.toJSON()).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
-  expect(actual.getChild("text")?.toJSON()).toEqual(["foo", "bar", "baz"]);
-});
-
-it("preserves field metadata from a provided schema", async function () {
-  const jsonMetadata = new Map([["ARROW:extension:name", "lance.json"]]);
-  const schema = new CurrentSchema([
-    new CurrentField("meta", new CurrentLargeBinary(), true, jsonMetadata),
-  ]);
-
-  const table = makeArrowTable(
-    [{ meta: Buffer.from(JSON.stringify({ source: "test" })) }],
-    { schema },
-  );
-
-  expect(table.schema.fields[0].metadata).toEqual(jsonMetadata);
-
-  const roundTripped = currentTableFromIPC(await fromTableToBuffer(table));
-  expect(roundTripped.schema.fields[0].metadata).toEqual(jsonMetadata);
-});
-
 describe.each([arrow15, arrow16, arrow17, arrow18])(
  "Arrow",
  (
@@ -573,137 +515,6 @@ describe.each([arrow15, arrow16, arrow17, arrow18])(
        );
      });

-      it("will allow matching inferred types across records", function () {
-        expect(() =>
-          makeArrowTable([{ value: 1 }, { value: 2 }]),
-        ).not.toThrow();
-      });
-
-      it("will reject mismatched inferred types across records", function () {
-        expect(() => makeArrowTable([{ value: 1 }, { value: "two" }])).toThrow(
-          "Failed to infer schema for data. Previously inferred type Float64 but found Utf8 for field value at row 1. Consider providing an explicit schema.",
-        );
-      });
-
-      it("will ignore generated dictionary IDs when comparing inferred types", function () {
-        const table = makeArrowTable([{ str: "a" }, { str: "b" }], {
-          dictionaryEncodeStrings: true,
-        });
-
-        expect(table.getChild("str")?.toJSON()).toEqual(["a", "b"]);
-      });
-
-      it("will preserve null values without treating them as type mismatches", function () {
-        for (const records of [
-          [{ vector: [1, 2, 3] }, { vector: null }],
-          [{ vector: null }, { vector: [1, 2, 3] }],
-        ]) {
-          const table = makeArrowTable(records);
-
-          expect(table.numRows).toBe(2);
-          expect(table.getChild("vector")?.nullCount).toBe(1);
-        }
-      });
-
-      it("will preserve empty variable-size lists", function () {
-        for (const records of [
-          [{ items: [1] }, { items: [] }],
-          [{ items: [] }, { items: [1] }],
-        ]) {
-          const table = makeArrowTable(records);
-          expect(
-            table
-              .getChild("items")
-              ?.toJSON()
-              .map((value) => value.toJSON()),
-          ).toEqual(records.map((record) => record.items));
-        }
-      });
-
-      it("will propagate deferred evidence through nested lists", function () {
-        for (const records of [
-          [{ items: [1] }, { items: [null] }],
-          [{ items: [null] }, { items: [1] }],
-          [{ items: [null, 1] }, { items: [2, null] }],
-        ]) {
-          const table = makeArrowTable(records);
-          expect(
-            table
-              .getChild("items")
-              ?.toJSON()
-              .map((value) => value.toJSON()),
-          ).toEqual(records.map((record) => record.items));
-        }
-
-        const nestedRecords = [{ items: [[1]] }, { items: [[null]] }];
-        const nestedTable = makeArrowTable(nestedRecords);
-        expect(
-          nestedTable
-            .getChild("items")
-            ?.toJSON()
-            .map((value) =>
-              value
-                .toJSON()
-                .map((nestedValue: { toJSON: () => unknown[] }) =>
-                  nestedValue.toJSON(),
-                ),
-            ),
-        ).toEqual(nestedRecords.map((record) => record.items));
-      });
-
-      it("will reject incompatible deferred evidence within a list", function () {
-        for (const items of [
-          [[], 1],
-          [1, []],
-          [[null], 1],
-          [1, [null]],
-        ]) {
-          expect(() => makeArrowTable([{ items }])).toThrow(
-            "Failed to infer data type for field items at row 0.",
-          );
-        }
-      });
-
-      it("will reject empty fixed-size lists", function () {
-        expect(() =>
-          makeArrowTable([{ vector: [1, 2, 3] }, { vector: [] }]),
-        ).toThrow(
-          "Failed to infer schema for data. Previously inferred type FixedSizeList[3]<Float32> but found List[0] for field vector at row 1.",
-        );
-      });
-
-      it("will reject inferred leaf and branch shape changes", function () {
-        expect(() =>
-          makeArrowTable([{ value: 1 }, { value: { nested: 2 } }]),
-        ).toThrow(
-          "Failed to infer schema for data. Previously inferred type Float64 but found Struct for field value at row 1.",
-        );
-        expect(() =>
-          makeArrowTable([{ value: { nested: 1 } }, { value: 2 }]),
-        ).toThrow(
-          "Failed to infer schema for data. Previously inferred type Struct but found Float64 for field value at row 1.",
-        );
-      });
-
-      it("will allow null values around inferred struct values", function () {
-        for (const { records, nullIndex } of [
-          {
-            records: [{ value: null }, { value: { nested: 2 } }],
-            nullIndex: 0,
-          },
-          {
-            records: [{ value: { nested: 1 } }, { value: null }],
-            nullIndex: 1,
-          },
-        ]) {
-          const table = makeArrowTable(records);
-          const values = table.getChild("value");
-
-          expect(values?.nullCount).toBe(1);
-          expect(values?.get(nullIndex)).toBeNull();
-        }
-      });
-
      it("will allow a schema to be provided", async function () {
        await checkTableCreation(
          async (records, _, schema) =>
@@ -4,13 +4,7 @@
 import { readdirSync } from "fs";
 import { Field, Float64, Schema } from "apache-arrow";
 import * as tmp from "tmp";
-import {
-  Connection,
-  ListTablesResponse,
-  Table,
-  connect,
-  connectNamespace,
-} from "../lancedb";
+import { Connection, Table, connect, connectNamespace } from "../lancedb";
 import { LocalTable } from "../lancedb/table";

 describe("when connecting", () => {
@@ -53,7 +47,6 @@ describe("given a connection", () => {
    await db.close();
    expect(db.isOpen()).toBe(false);
    await expect(db.tableNames()).rejects.toThrow("Connection is closed");
-    await expect(db.listTables()).rejects.toThrow("Connection is closed");
    await expect(db.renameTable("a", "b")).rejects.toThrow(
      "Connection is closed",
    );
@@ -136,66 +129,6 @@ describe("given a connection", () => {
    expect(tables).toEqual(["b", "c"]);
  });

-  it("should respect limit and page token when listing tables", async () => {
-    const db = await connect(tmpDir.name);
-
-    await db.createTable("b", [{ id: 1 }]);
-    await db.createTable("a", [{ id: 1 }]);
-    await db.createTable("c", [{ id: 1 }]);
-
-    const all = await db.listTables();
-    expect(all.tables).toEqual(["a", "b", "c"]);
-    expect(all.pageToken).toBeUndefined();
-
-    const first = await db.listTables({ limit: 1 });
-    expect(first.tables).toEqual(["a"]);
-    expect(first.pageToken).toBeDefined();
-
-    const second = await db.listTables({
-      limit: 1,
-      pageToken: first.pageToken,
-    });
-    expect(second.tables).toEqual(["b"]);
-  });
-
-  it("should visit every table exactly once when walking pages", async () => {
-    const db = await connect(tmpDir.name);
-
-    const created = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"];
-    for (const name of created) {
-      await db.createTable(name, [{ id: 1 }]);
-    }
-
-    const seen: string[] = [];
-    let pageToken: string | undefined = undefined;
-    do {
-      const page: ListTablesResponse = await db.listTables({
-        limit: 2,
-        pageToken,
-      });
-      seen.push(...page.tables);
-      pageToken = page.pageToken;
-    } while (pageToken);
-
-    expect(seen).toEqual(created);
-  });
-
-  it("should list tables in a namespace", async () => {
-    const db = await connect(tmpDir.name, {
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: opaque backend property key, must match Rust
-      namespaceClientProperties: { manifest_enabled: "true" },
-    });
-    await db.createNamespace(["child"]);
-    await db.createTable("nested", [{ id: 1 }], ["child"]);
-
-    await expect(db.listTables(["child"])).resolves.toEqual(
-      expect.objectContaining({ tables: ["nested"] }),
-    );
-    await expect(db.listTables()).resolves.toEqual(
-      expect.objectContaining({ tables: [] }),
-    );
-  });
-
  it("should create tables in v2 mode", async () => {
    const db = await connect(tmpDir.name);
    const data = [...Array(10000).keys()].map((i) => ({ id: i }));
@@ -187,58 +187,6 @@ describe("embedding functions", () => {
    const vector0 = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(arr[0].vector));
    expect(vector0).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
  });
-  it("should append multiple Python embeddings with the same alias", async () => {
-    @register("python-mock")
-    // biome-ignore lint/correctness/noUnusedVariables: the decorator registers this class
-    class MockEmbeddingFunction extends EmbeddingFunction<string> {
-      ndims() {
-        return 3;
-      }
-      embeddingDataType(): Float {
-        return new Float32();
-      }
-      async computeQueryEmbeddings(_data: string) {
-        return [1, 2, 3];
-      }
-      async computeSourceEmbeddings(data: string[]) {
-        return data.map((value) =>
-          value === "hello world" ? [1, 2, 3] : [4, 5, 6],
-        );
-      }
-    }
-
-    const metadata = new Map([
-      [
-        "embedding_functions",
-        '[{"source_column":"text1","vector_column":"vector1","name":"python-mock","model":{}},{"source_column":"text2","vector_column":"vector2","name":"python-mock","model":{}}]',
-      ],
-    ]);
-    const schema = new Schema(
-      [
-        new Field("text1", new Utf8(), true),
-        new Field("text2", new Utf8(), true),
-        new Field(
-          "vector1",
-          new FixedSizeList(3, new Field("item", new Float32(), true)),
-          true,
-        ),
-        new Field(
-          "vector2",
-          new FixedSizeList(3, new Field("item", new Float32(), true)),
-          true,
-        ),
-      ],
-      metadata,
-    );
-
-    const db = await connect(tmpDir.name);
-    const table = await db.createEmptyTable("test", schema);
-    await table.add([{ text1: "hello world", text2: "goodbye world" }]);
-
-    const rows = await table.query().toArray();
-    expect(JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(rows[0].vector1))).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
-    expect(JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(rows[0].vector2))).toEqual([4, 5, 6]);
-  });

  it("should append generated vectors to a non-nullable schema", async () => {
    @register("non_nullable_schema_test")
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
-
-import { execFileSync } from "node:child_process";
-import { resolve } from "node:path";
-
-import type { OpenAIEmbeddingFunction } from "../lancedb/embedding/openai";
-import type { EmbeddingFunctionRegistry } from "../lancedb/embedding/registry";
-
-type EmbeddingModule = typeof import("../lancedb/embedding");
-type OpenAIModule = typeof import("../lancedb/embedding/openai");
-type RegistryModule = typeof import("../lancedb/embedding/registry");
-
-describe("embedding function registry", () => {
-  const registries: EmbeddingFunctionRegistry[] = [];
-
-  afterEach(() => {
-    for (const registry of registries) {
-      registry.reset();
-    }
-    registries.length = 0;
-  });
-
-  it("defers built-in providers until the public registry API is used", () => {
-    jest.isolateModules(() => {
-      const embedding = require("../lancedb/embedding") as EmbeddingModule;
-      const { getRegistry: getInternalRegistry } =
-        require("../lancedb/embedding/registry") as RegistryModule;
-      const registry = getInternalRegistry();
-      registries.push(registry);
-
-      expect(registry.length()).toBe(0);
-      expect(embedding.getRegistry()).toBe(registry);
-      expect(registry.get("openai")).toBeDefined();
-      expect(registry.get("huggingface")).toBeDefined();
-    });
-  });
-
-  it("preserves automatic FTS search in a fresh process", () => {
-    execFileSync(
-      process.execPath,
-      [resolve(__dirname, "fixtures", "auto_fts_search.cjs")],
-      { stdio: "pipe" },
-    );
-  });
-
-  it("shares registrations across duplicated provider module graphs", () => {
-    let registeringRegistry: EmbeddingFunctionRegistry | undefined;
-    let latestOpenAIConstructor: typeof OpenAIEmbeddingFunction | undefined;
-
-    jest.isolateModules(() => {
-      require("../lancedb/embedding/openai");
-      const { getRegistry } =
-        require("../lancedb/embedding/registry") as RegistryModule;
-      registeringRegistry = getRegistry();
-      registries.push(registeringRegistry);
-      expect(registeringRegistry.get("openai")).toBeDefined();
-    });
-
-    expect(() => {
-      jest.isolateModules(() => {
-        const { OpenAIEmbeddingFunction } =
-          require("../lancedb/embedding/openai") as OpenAIModule;
-        latestOpenAIConstructor = OpenAIEmbeddingFunction;
-        const { getRegistry } =
-          require("../lancedb/embedding/registry") as RegistryModule;
-        registries.push(getRegistry());
-      });
-    }).not.toThrow();
-
-    const previousApiKey = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY;
-    process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY = "test";
-    try {
-      const latestOpenAI = registeringRegistry!
-        .get<OpenAIEmbeddingFunction>("openai")!
-        .create();
-      expect(latestOpenAI).toBeInstanceOf(latestOpenAIConstructor!);
-    } finally {
-      if (previousApiKey === undefined) {
-        delete process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY;
-      } else {
-        process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY = previousApiKey;
-      }
-    }
-
-    jest.isolateModules(() => {
-      const { getRegistry } =
-        require("../lancedb/embedding") as EmbeddingModule;
-      const publicRegistry = getRegistry();
-      registries.push(publicRegistry);
-      expect(publicRegistry).toBe(registeringRegistry);
-      expect(publicRegistry.get("openai")).toBeDefined();
-    });
-  });
-});
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
-
-const assert = require("node:assert/strict");
-const tmp = require("tmp");
-const { connect, embedding, Index } = require("../../dist");
-const { getRegistry } = require("../../dist/embedding/registry");
-
-async function main() {
-  assert.equal(typeof embedding.getRegistry, "function");
-  assert.equal(getRegistry().length(), 0);
-  assert.equal(embedding.getRegistry(), getRegistry());
-  assert.equal(getRegistry().length(), 2);
-
-  const dir = tmp.dirSync({ unsafeCleanup: true });
-  let db;
-  try {
-    db = await connect(dir.name);
-    const table = await db.createTable("docs", [{ text: "hello world" }]);
-    await table.createIndex("text", { config: Index.fts() });
-
-    const rows = await table.search("hello").toArray();
-    assert.equal(rows[0].text, "hello world");
-  } finally {
-    db?.close();
-    dir.removeCallback();
-  }
-}
-
-main().catch((error) => {
-  console.error(error);
-  process.exitCode = 1;
-});
@@ -11,13 +11,10 @@ import * as arrow17 from "apache-arrow-17";
 import * as arrow18 from "apache-arrow-18";

 import {
-  AutoQuery,
  Connection,
  MatchQuery,
  PhraseQuery,
-  Query,
  Table,
-  VectorQuery,
  connect,
  tokenize,
 } from "../lancedb";
@@ -685,56 +682,6 @@ describe.each([arrow15, arrow16, arrow17, arrow18])(
  },
 );

-// https://github.com/lancedb/lancedb/issues/1963
-it("should query documents with LangChain PDF metadata", async () => {
-  const tmpDir = tmp.dirSync({ unsafeCleanup: true });
-  try {
-    const db = await connect(tmpDir.name);
-    const documents = [
-      {
-        text: "first page",
-        vector: [1, 0],
-        source: "first.pdf",
-        loc: { pageNumber: 1, lines: { from: 1, to: 12 } },
-        pdf: {
-          version: "1.10.100",
-          info: {
-            format: "PDF 1.7",
-            producer: "pdf.js",
-            creator: "Writer",
-          },
-          totalPages: 2,
-        },
-      },
-      {
-        text: "second page",
-        vector: [0, 1],
-        source: "second.pdf",
-        loc: { pageNumber: 2, lines: { from: 13, to: 24 } },
-        pdf: {
-          version: "1.10.100",
-          info: {
-            format: "PDF 1.7",
-            producer: "pdf.js",
-            creator: "Writer",
-          },
-          totalPages: 2,
-        },
-      },
-    ];
-    const documentsTable = await db.createTable("documents", documents);
-
-    const results = await documentsTable.query().toArray();
-
-    expect(results).toHaveLength(2);
-    expect(results[0].source).toBe("first.pdf");
-    expect(results[0].pdf.info.producer).toBe("pdf.js");
-    expect(results[1].loc.pageNumber).toBe(2);
-  } finally {
-    tmpDir.removeCallback();
-  }
-});
-
 describe("merge insert", () => {
  let tmpDir: tmp.DirResult;
  let table: Table;
@@ -1830,194 +1777,6 @@ describe("Read consistency interval", () => {
  });
 });

-describe("automatic search schema consistency", () => {
-  let tmpDir: tmp.DirResult;
-
-  class SchemaRefreshEmbedding extends EmbeddingFunction<string> {
-    ndims() {
-      return 2;
-    }
-
-    embeddingDataType() {
-      return new Float32();
-    }
-
-    async computeSourceEmbeddings(data: string[]) {
-      return data.map((value) => [value.length, 1]);
-    }
-
-    async computeQueryEmbeddings(value: string) {
-      return [value.length, 1];
-    }
-  }
-
-  function embeddingSchema() {
-    const func = new SchemaRefreshEmbedding();
-    return LanceSchema({
-      text: func.sourceField(new Utf8()),
-      vector: func.vectorField(),
-    });
-  }
-
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    getRegistry().reset();
-    register("schema-refresh")(SchemaRefreshEmbedding);
-    tmpDir = tmp.dirSync({ unsafeCleanup: true });
-  });
-
-  afterEach(() => {
-    getRegistry().reset();
-    tmpDir.removeCallback();
-  });
-
-  it("uses the schema refreshed from another connection", async () => {
-    const first = await connect(tmpDir.name, { readConsistencyInterval: 0 });
-    const second = await connect(tmpDir.name, { readConsistencyInterval: 0 });
-
-    try {
-      const stale = await first.createTable("docs", [{ text: "before" }], {
-        schema: embeddingSchema(),
-      });
-      const replacement = await second.createTable(
-        "docs",
-        [{ text: "after hello" }],
-        { mode: "overwrite" },
-      );
-      await replacement.createIndex("text", { config: Index.fts() });
-
-      const search = stale.search("hello");
-      expect(search).toBeInstanceOf(AutoQuery);
-      expect(search).not.toBeInstanceOf(Query);
-      expect(search).not.toBeInstanceOf(VectorQuery);
-      expect("nprobes" in search).toBe(false);
-
-      const rows = await search.toArray();
-      expect(rows[0].text).toBe("after hello");
-      expect((await stale.schema()).metadata.has("embedding_functions")).toBe(
-        false,
-      );
-    } finally {
-      first.close();
-      second.close();
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("tracks embedding metadata across checkout and restore", async () => {
-    const first = await connect(tmpDir.name, { readConsistencyInterval: 0 });
-    const second = await connect(tmpDir.name, { readConsistencyInterval: 0 });
-
-    try {
-      await first.createTable("docs", [{ text: "before" }], {
-        schema: embeddingSchema(),
-      });
-      const table = await second.createTable(
-        "docs",
-        [{ text: "after hello" }],
-        { mode: "overwrite" },
-      );
-      await table.createIndex("text", { config: Index.fts() });
-
-      await table.checkout(1);
-      expect((await table.search("before").toArray())[0].text).toBe("before");
-
-      await table.checkoutLatest();
-      expect((await table.search("hello").toArray())[0].text).toBe(
-        "after hello",
-      );
-
-      await table.checkout(1);
-      await table.restore();
-      expect((await table.search("before").toArray())[0].text).toBe("before");
-    } finally {
-      first.close();
-      second.close();
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("pins automatic search while computing an embedding", async () => {
-    let markStarted!: () => void;
-    let releaseEmbedding!: () => void;
-    const started = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-      markStarted = resolve;
-    });
-    const released = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-      releaseEmbedding = resolve;
-    });
-
-    class BlockingEmbedding extends SchemaRefreshEmbedding {
-      async computeQueryEmbeddings(value: string) {
-        markStarted();
-        await released;
-        return [value.length, 1];
-      }
-    }
-
-    register("schema-refresh-blocking")(BlockingEmbedding);
-    const func = new BlockingEmbedding();
-    const schema = LanceSchema({
-      text: func.sourceField(new Utf8()),
-      vector: func.vectorField(),
-    });
-    const first = await connect(tmpDir.name, { readConsistencyInterval: 0 });
-    const second = await connect(tmpDir.name, { readConsistencyInterval: 0 });
-
-    try {
-      const table = await first.createTable(
-        "docs",
-        [{ text: "hello before" }],
-        { schema },
-      );
-      const pending = table.search("hello").toArray();
-      await started;
-
-      const replacement = await second.createTable(
-        "docs",
-        [{ text: "hello after" }],
-        { mode: "overwrite" },
-      );
-      await replacement.createIndex("text", { config: Index.fts() });
-      releaseEmbedding();
-
-      expect((await pending)[0].text).toBe("hello before");
-    } finally {
-      releaseEmbedding();
-      first.close();
-      second.close();
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("refreshes a reused automatic search for every execution", async () => {
-    const first = await connect(tmpDir.name, { readConsistencyInterval: 0 });
-    const second = await connect(tmpDir.name, { readConsistencyInterval: 0 });
-
-    try {
-      const table = await first.createTable("docs", [
-        { text: "hello before", marker: "before" },
-      ]);
-      await table.createIndex("text", { config: Index.fts() });
-      const search = table.search("hello").select(["text"]);
-
-      const before = (await search.toArray())[0];
-      expect(before.text).toBe("hello before");
-      expect(before.marker).toBeUndefined();
-
-      const replacement = await second.createTable(
-        "docs",
-        [{ text: "hello after", marker: "after" }],
-        { mode: "overwrite" },
-      );
-      await replacement.createIndex("text", { config: Index.fts() });
-
-      const after = (await search.toArray())[0];
-      expect(after.text).toBe("hello after");
-      expect(after.marker).toBeUndefined();
-    } finally {
-      first.close();
-      second.close();
-    }
-  });
-});
-
 describe("schema evolution", function () {
  let tmpDir: tmp.DirResult;
  beforeEach(() => {
@@ -2585,24 +2344,7 @@ describe.each([arrow15, arrow16, arrow17, arrow18])(
      );
    });

-    test("full text search if only an unrelated embedding function is registered", async () => {
-      register("unused")(
-        class extends EmbeddingFunction<string> {
-          ndims() {
-            return 3;
-          }
-          embeddingDataType() {
-            return new Float32();
-          }
-          async computeQueryEmbeddings(_data: string) {
-            return [1, 2, 3];
-          }
-          async computeSourceEmbeddings(data: string[]) {
-            return data.map(() => [1, 2, 3]);
-          }
-        },
-      );
-
+    test("full text search if no embedding function provided", async () => {
      const db = await connect(tmpDir.name);
      const data = [
        { text: "hello world", vector: [0.1, 0.2, 0.3] },
@@ -2624,306 +2366,6 @@ describe.each([arrow15, arrow16, arrow17, arrow18])(
      expect(results2[0].text).toBe(data[1].text);
    });

-    test("auto search stays consistent with the active revision", async () => {
-      let initCalls = 0;
-      let queryCalls = 0;
-      let markStarted!: () => void;
-      const started = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-        markStarted = resolve;
-      });
-      let releaseEmbedding!: () => void;
-      const embeddingReleased = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-        releaseEmbedding = resolve;
-      });
-
-      @register("refresh-test")
-      class TestEmbedding extends EmbeddingFunction<string> {
-        async init() {
-          initCalls += 1;
-        }
-        ndims() {
-          return 1;
-        }
-        embeddingDataType() {
-          return new arrow.Float32();
-        }
-        async computeQueryEmbeddings(value: string) {
-          queryCalls += 1;
-          if (value === "blocked") {
-            markStarted();
-            await embeddingReleased;
-          }
-          return value === "greetings" ? [0.1] : [0.2];
-        }
-        async computeSourceEmbeddings(values: string[]) {
-          return values.map((value) =>
-            value === "hello world" ? [0.1] : [0.2],
-          );
-        }
-      }
-
-      const writer = await connect(tmpDir.name);
-      await writer.createTable("test", [{ text: "plain", vector: [0.0] }]);
-      const reader = await connect(tmpDir.name, {
-        readConsistencyInterval: 0,
-      });
-      const tracked = await reader.openTable("test");
-      type SnapshotCountingNative = {
-        querySnapshot: () => Promise<unknown>;
-      };
-      const native = (tracked as unknown as { inner: SnapshotCountingNative })
-        .inner;
-      const querySnapshot = native.querySnapshot.bind(native);
-      let snapshotCalls = 0;
-      native.querySnapshot = async () => {
-        snapshotCalls += 1;
-        return await querySnapshot();
-      };
-      const autoQuery = tracked.search("greetings").select(["text"]).limit(1);
-
-      const func = new TestEmbedding();
-      const schema = LanceSchema({
-        text: func.sourceField(new arrow.Utf8()),
-        vector: func.vectorField(),
-      });
-      const data = [{ text: "hello world" }, { text: "goodbye world" }];
-      await writer.createTable("test", data, { mode: "overwrite", schema });
-      const baselineInitCalls = initCalls;
-
-      expect(
-        (await tracked.schema()).metadata.get("embedding_functions"),
-      ).toBeDefined();
-      const results = await autoQuery.toArray();
-      expect(results[0].text).toBe(data[0].text);
-      expect(initCalls).toBe(baselineInitCalls + 1);
-      expect(queryCalls).toBe(1);
-      expect(snapshotCalls).toBe(1);
-
-      const repeatedResults = await autoQuery.toArray();
-      expect(repeatedResults[0].text).toBe(data[0].text);
-      expect(initCalls).toBe(baselineInitCalls + 1);
-      expect(queryCalls).toBe(1);
-      expect(snapshotCalls).toBe(2);
-
-      const pending = tracked
-        .search("blocked")
-        .select(["text"])
-        .limit(1)
-        .toArray();
-      await started;
-
-      const ftsData = [
-        { text: "greetings from full text", vector: [0.0] },
-        { text: "blocked from full text", vector: [0.0] },
-      ];
-      const ftsTable = await writer.createTable("test", ftsData, {
-        mode: "overwrite",
-      });
-      await ftsTable.createIndex("text", { config: Index.fts() });
-      releaseEmbedding();
-
-      const pendingResults = await pending;
-      expect(pendingResults[0].text).toBe(data[1].text);
-
-      expect(
-        (await tracked.schema()).metadata.get("embedding_functions"),
-      ).toBeUndefined();
-      const ftsResults = await autoQuery.toArray();
-      expect(ftsResults[0].text).toBe(ftsData[0].text);
-    });
-
-    test("auto search keeps newer preparation during a revision race", async () => {
-      let aCalls = 0;
-      let bCalls = 0;
-      let markAStarted!: () => void;
-      const aStarted = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-        markAStarted = resolve;
-      });
-      let releaseA!: () => void;
-      const aReleased = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-        releaseA = resolve;
-      });
-      let markBStarted!: () => void;
-      const bStarted = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-        markBStarted = resolve;
-      });
-      let releaseB!: () => void;
-      const bReleased = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-        releaseB = resolve;
-      });
-
-      @register("race-a")
-      class EmbeddingA extends EmbeddingFunction<string> {
-        ndims() {
-          return 1;
-        }
-        embeddingDataType() {
-          return new arrow.Float32();
-        }
-        async computeQueryEmbeddings() {
-          aCalls += 1;
-          markAStarted();
-          await aReleased;
-          return [0.1];
-        }
-        async computeSourceEmbeddings(values: string[]) {
-          return values.map(() => [0.1]);
-        }
-      }
-
-      @register("race-b")
-      class EmbeddingB extends EmbeddingFunction<string> {
-        ndims() {
-          return 1;
-        }
-        embeddingDataType() {
-          return new arrow.Float32();
-        }
-        async computeQueryEmbeddings() {
-          bCalls += 1;
-          markBStarted();
-          await bReleased;
-          return [0.2];
-        }
-        async computeSourceEmbeddings(values: string[]) {
-          return values.map(() => [0.2]);
-        }
-      }
-
-      const writer = await connect(tmpDir.name);
-      const embeddingA = new EmbeddingA();
-      const schemaA = LanceSchema({
-        text: embeddingA.sourceField(new arrow.Utf8()),
-        vector: embeddingA.vectorField(),
-      });
-      await writer.createTable("race", [{ text: "revision a" }], {
-        schema: schemaA,
-      });
-      const reader = await connect(tmpDir.name, {
-        readConsistencyInterval: 0,
-      });
-      const tracked = await reader.openTable("race");
-      const query = tracked.search("query");
-
-      const first = query.toArray();
-      await aStarted;
-
-      const embeddingB = new EmbeddingB();
-      const schemaB = LanceSchema({
-        text: embeddingB.sourceField(new arrow.Utf8()),
-        vector: embeddingB.vectorField(),
-      });
-      await writer.createTable("race", [{ text: "revision b" }], {
-        mode: "overwrite",
-        schema: schemaB,
-      });
-      const second = query.toArray();
-      await bStarted;
-
-      releaseA();
-      releaseB();
-      await Promise.all([first, second]);
-      expect(aCalls).toBe(1);
-      expect(bCalls).toBe(1);
-    });
-
-    test("stale FTS routing keeps newer vector preparation", async () => {
-      let vectorCalls = 0;
-      let markVectorStarted!: () => void;
-      const vectorStarted = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-        markVectorStarted = resolve;
-      });
-      let releaseVector!: () => void;
-      const vectorReleased = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-        releaseVector = resolve;
-      });
-
-      @register("stale-fts-race")
-      class RaceEmbedding extends EmbeddingFunction<string> {
-        ndims() {
-          return 1;
-        }
-        embeddingDataType() {
-          return new arrow.Float32();
-        }
-        async computeQueryEmbeddings() {
-          vectorCalls += 1;
-          markVectorStarted();
-          await vectorReleased;
-          return [0.1];
-        }
-        async computeSourceEmbeddings(values: string[]) {
-          return values.map(() => [0.1]);
-        }
-      }
-
-      const writer = await connect(tmpDir.name);
-      const ftsTable = await writer.createTable("stale_fts", [
-        { text: "hello", vector: [0.0] },
-      ]);
-      await ftsTable.createIndex("text", { config: Index.fts() });
-
-      const reader = await connect(tmpDir.name, {
-        readConsistencyInterval: 0,
-      });
-      const tracked = await reader.openTable("stale_fts");
-      type Snapshot = {
-        schema: () => Promise<Buffer>;
-      };
-      type NativeWithSnapshot = {
-        querySnapshot: () => Promise<Snapshot>;
-      };
-      const native = (tracked as unknown as { inner: NativeWithSnapshot })
-        .inner;
-      const querySnapshot = native.querySnapshot.bind(native);
-      let snapshotCalls = 0;
-      let markStaleSchemaStarted!: () => void;
-      const staleSchemaStarted = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-        markStaleSchemaStarted = resolve;
-      });
-      let releaseStaleSchema!: () => void;
-      const staleSchemaReleased = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-        releaseStaleSchema = resolve;
-      });
-      native.querySnapshot = async () => {
-        const snapshot = await querySnapshot();
-        snapshotCalls += 1;
-        if (snapshotCalls === 1) {
-          const schema = snapshot.schema.bind(snapshot);
-          snapshot.schema = async () => {
-            markStaleSchemaStarted();
-            await staleSchemaReleased;
-            return await schema();
-          };
-        }
-        return snapshot;
-      };
-
-      const query = tracked.search("hello");
-      const staleFtsExecution = query.toArray();
-      await staleSchemaStarted;
-
-      const embedding = new RaceEmbedding();
-      const vectorSchema = LanceSchema({
-        text: embedding.sourceField(new arrow.Utf8()),
-        vector: embedding.vectorField(),
-      });
-      await writer.createTable("stale_fts", [{ text: "hello" }], {
-        mode: "overwrite",
-        schema: vectorSchema,
-      });
-
-      const vectorExecution = query.toArray();
-      await vectorStarted;
-      releaseStaleSchema();
-      await staleFtsExecution;
-      releaseVector();
-      await vectorExecution;
-
-      await query.toArray();
-      expect(vectorCalls).toBe(1);
-    });
-
    test("tokenizes FTS queries by column or index name", async () => {
      const db = await connect(tmpDir.name);
      const data = [
@@ -3474,30 +2916,6 @@ describe("column name options", () => {
    expect(results[1].query_index).toBe(1);
  });

-  test("observes promised additional vectors while the query is pending", async () => {
-    const initialVector = new Promise<number[]>(() => undefined);
-    const query = table.query().nearestTo(initialVector);
-    const unhandled: unknown[] = [];
-    const onUnhandled = (reason: unknown) => unhandled.push(reason);
-    process.on("unhandledRejection", onUnhandled);
-
-    try {
-      query.addQueryVector(Promise.reject(new Error("extra vector failed")));
-      await new Promise<void>((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
-      expect(unhandled).toEqual([]);
-
-      const rejectedQuery = table
-        .query()
-        .nearestTo([0.1, 0.2])
-        .addQueryVector(Promise.reject(new Error("consumed vector failed")));
-      await expect(rejectedQuery.toArray()).rejects.toThrow(
-        "consumed vector failed",
-      );
-    } finally {
-      process.off("unhandledRejection", onUnhandled);
-    }
-  });
-
  test("index and search multivectors", async () => {
    const db = await connect(tmpDir.name);
    const data = [];
@@ -3561,27 +2979,6 @@ describe("when creating an empty table", () => {
    expect((actualSchema.fields[1].type as Float64).precision).toBe(2);
  });

-  it("can add and query JSON data", async () => {
-    const schema = new Schema([
-      new Field("id", new Int32(), true),
-      new Field(
-        "meta",
-        new Utf8(),
-        true,
-        new Map([["ARROW:extension:name", "arrow.json"]]),
-      ),
-    ]);
-    const table = await con.createEmptyTable("json", schema);
-    const meta = JSON.stringify({ x: 1 });
-
-    await table.add([{ id: 1, meta }]);
-
-    const rows = await table.query().toArray();
-    expect(rows).toHaveLength(1);
-    expect(rows[0].id).toBe(1);
-    expect(rows[0].meta).toBe(meta);
-  });
-
  it("can create an empty table from schema that specifies field types by name", async () => {
    const schemaLike = {
      fields: [
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ test("basic table examples", async () => {
    // --8<-- [end:create_index]

    // --8<-- [start:delete_rows]
-    await tbl.delete("item = 'fizz'");
+    await tbl.delete('item = "fizz"');
    // --8<-- [end:delete_rows]

    // --8<-- [start:drop_table]
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
  Data as ArrowData,
  Table as ArrowTable,
  Binary,
+  Bool,
  BufferType,
  DataType,
  DateUnit,
@@ -17,7 +18,12 @@ import {
  FixedSizeList,
  Float,
  Float32,
+  Float64,
  Int,
+  Int8,
+  Int16,
+  Int32,
+  Int64,
  LargeBinary,
  List,
  Null,
@@ -30,16 +36,17 @@ import {
  Struct,
  Timestamp,
  Type,
+  Uint8,
+  Uint16,
+  Uint32,
  Utf8,
  Vector,
  makeVector as arrowMakeVector,
-  util as arrowUtil,
  vectorFromArray as badVectorFromArray,
  makeBuilder,
  makeData,
 } from "apache-arrow";
 import { Buffers } from "apache-arrow/data";
-import { typedArrayToArrowType } from "./arrow_type";
 import { type EmbeddingFunction } from "./embedding/embedding_function";
 import {
  EmbeddingFunctionConfig,
@@ -52,7 +59,14 @@ import {
  sanitizeTable,
  sanitizeType,
 } from "./sanitize";
-import { inferSchema } from "./schema";
+
+/**
+ * Check if a field name indicates a vector column.
+ */
+function nameSuggestsVectorColumn(fieldName: string): boolean {
+  const nameLower = fieldName.toLowerCase();
+  return nameLower.includes("vector") || nameLower.includes("embedding");
+}

 export * from "apache-arrow";
 export type SchemaLike =
@@ -72,7 +86,8 @@ export type FieldLike =
    };

 export type DataLike =
-  | import("apache-arrow").Data
+  // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: <explanation>
+  | import("apache-arrow").Data<Struct<any>>
  | {
      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: <explanation>
      type: any;
@@ -81,7 +96,6 @@ export type DataLike =
      stride: number;
      nullable: boolean;
      children: DataLike[];
-      dictionary?: { data: readonly DataLike[] };
      get nullCount(): number;
      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: <explanation>
      values: Buffers<any>[BufferType.DATA];
@@ -445,6 +459,110 @@ export function makeArrowTable(
  return new ArrowTable(inferredSchema, finalColumns);
 }

+function inferSchema(
+  data: Array<Record<string, unknown>>,
+  schema: Schema | undefined,
+  opts: MakeArrowTableOptions,
+): Schema {
+  // We will collect all fields we see in the data.
+  const pathTree = new PathTree<DataType>();
+
+  for (const [rowI, row] of data.entries()) {
+    for (const [path, value] of rowPathsAndValues(row)) {
+      if (!pathTree.has(path)) {
+        // First time seeing this field.
+        if (schema !== undefined) {
+          const field = getFieldForPath(schema, path);
+          if (field === undefined) {
+            throw new Error(
+              `Found field not in schema: ${path.join(".")} at row ${rowI}`,
+            );
+          } else {
+            pathTree.set(path, field.type);
+          }
+        } else {
+          const inferredType = inferType(value, path, opts);
+          if (inferredType === undefined) {
+            throw new Error(`Failed to infer data type for field ${path.join(
+              ".",
+            )} at row ${rowI}. \
+                             Consider providing an explicit schema.`);
+          }
+          pathTree.set(path, inferredType);
+        }
+      } else if (schema === undefined) {
+        const currentType = pathTree.get(path);
+        const newType = inferType(value, path, opts);
+        if (currentType !== newType) {
+          new Error(`Failed to infer schema for data. Previously inferred type \
+                     ${currentType} but found ${newType} at row ${rowI}. Consider \
+                     providing an explicit schema.`);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (schema === undefined) {
+    function fieldsFromPathTree(pathTree: PathTree<DataType>): Field[] {
+      const fields = [];
+      for (const [name, value] of pathTree.map.entries()) {
+        if (value instanceof PathTree) {
+          const children = fieldsFromPathTree(value);
+          fields.push(new Field(name, new Struct(children), true));
+        } else {
+          fields.push(new Field(name, value, true));
+        }
+      }
+      return fields;
+    }
+    const fields = fieldsFromPathTree(pathTree);
+    return new Schema(fields);
+  } else {
+    function takeMatchingFields(
+      fields: Field[],
+      pathTree: PathTree<DataType>,
+    ): Field[] {
+      const outFields = [];
+      for (const field of fields) {
+        if (pathTree.map.has(field.name)) {
+          const value = pathTree.get([field.name]);
+          if (value instanceof PathTree) {
+            const struct = field.type as Struct;
+            const children = takeMatchingFields(struct.children, value);
+            outFields.push(
+              new Field(field.name, new Struct(children), field.nullable),
+            );
+          } else {
+            outFields.push(
+              new Field(field.name, value as DataType, field.nullable),
+            );
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return outFields;
+    }
+    const fields = takeMatchingFields(schema.fields, pathTree);
+    return new Schema(fields);
+  }
+}
+
+function* rowPathsAndValues(
+  row: Record<string, unknown>,
+  basePath: string[] = [],
+): Generator<[string[], unknown]> {
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(row)) {
+    if (isObject(value)) {
+      yield* rowPathsAndValues(value, [...basePath, key]);
+    } else {
+      // Skip undefined values - they should be treated the same as missing fields
+      // for embedding function purposes
+      if (value !== undefined) {
+        yield [[...basePath, key], value];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 function isObject(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
  return (
    typeof value === "object" &&
@@ -459,19 +577,146 @@ function isObject(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
  );
 }

-function valueAtPath(datum: Record<string, unknown>, path: string[]): unknown {
-  let current: unknown = datum;
+function getFieldForPath(schema: Schema, path: string[]): Field | undefined {
+  let current: Field | Schema = schema;
  for (const key of path) {
-    if (current == null) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    if (isObject(current) && (Object.hasOwn(current, key) || key in current)) {
-      current = current[key];
+    if (current instanceof Schema) {
+      const field: Field | undefined = current.fields.find(
+        (f) => f.name === key,
+      );
+      if (field === undefined) {
+        return undefined;
+      }
+      current = field;
+    } else if (current instanceof Field && DataType.isStruct(current.type)) {
+      const struct: Struct = current.type;
+      const field = struct.children.find((f) => f.name === key);
+      if (field === undefined) {
+        return undefined;
+      }
+      current = field;
    } else {
      return undefined;
    }
  }
-  return current;
+  if (current instanceof Field) {
+    return current;
+  } else {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Try to infer which Arrow type to use for a given value.
+ *
+ * May return undefined if the type cannot be inferred.
+ */
+function inferType(
+  value: unknown,
+  path: string[],
+  opts: MakeArrowTableOptions,
+): DataType | undefined {
+  if (typeof value === "bigint") {
+    return new Int64();
+  } else if (typeof value === "number") {
+    // Even if it's an integer, it's safer to assume Float64. Users can
+    // always provide an explicit schema or use BigInt if they mean integer.
+    return new Float64();
+  } else if (typeof value === "string") {
+    if (opts.dictionaryEncodeStrings) {
+      return new Dictionary(new Utf8(), new Int32());
+    } else {
+      return new Utf8();
+    }
+  } else if (typeof value === "boolean") {
+    return new Bool();
+  } else if (value instanceof Buffer) {
+    return new Binary();
+  } else if (ArrayBuffer.isView(value) && !(value instanceof DataView)) {
+    const info = typedArrayToArrowType(value);
+    if (info !== undefined) {
+      const child = new Field("item", info.elementType, true);
+      return new FixedSizeList(info.length, child);
+    }
+    return undefined;
+  } else if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    if (value.length === 0) {
+      return undefined; // Without any values we can't infer the type
+    }
+    if (path.length === 1 && Object.hasOwn(opts.vectorColumns, path[0])) {
+      const floatType = sanitizeType(opts.vectorColumns[path[0]].type);
+      return new FixedSizeList(
+        value.length,
+        new Field("item", floatType, true),
+      );
+    }
+    const valueType = inferType(value[0], path, opts);
+    if (valueType === undefined) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    // Try to automatically detect embedding columns.
+    if (nameSuggestsVectorColumn(path[path.length - 1])) {
+      // Check if value is a Uint8Array for integer vector type determination
+      if (value instanceof Uint8Array) {
+        // For integer vectors, we default to Uint8 (matching Python implementation)
+        const child = new Field("item", new Uint8(), true);
+        return new FixedSizeList(value.length, child);
+      } else {
+        // For float vectors, we default to Float32
+        const child = new Field("item", new Float32(), true);
+        return new FixedSizeList(value.length, child);
+      }
+    } else {
+      const child = new Field("item", valueType, true);
+      return new List(child);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // TODO: timestamp
+    return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+class PathTree<V> {
+  map: Map<string, V | PathTree<V>>;
+
+  constructor(entries?: [string[], V][]) {
+    this.map = new Map();
+    if (entries !== undefined) {
+      for (const [path, value] of entries) {
+        this.set(path, value);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  has(path: string[]): boolean {
+    let ref: PathTree<V> = this;
+    for (const part of path) {
+      if (!(ref instanceof PathTree) || !ref.map.has(part)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      ref = ref.map.get(part) as PathTree<V>;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  get(path: string[]): V | undefined {
+    let ref: PathTree<V> = this;
+    for (const part of path) {
+      if (!(ref instanceof PathTree) || !ref.map.has(part)) {
+        return undefined;
+      }
+      ref = ref.map.get(part) as PathTree<V>;
+    }
+    return ref as V;
+  }
+  set(path: string[], value: V): void {
+    let ref: PathTree<V> = this;
+    for (const part of path.slice(0, path.length - 1)) {
+      if (!ref.map.has(part)) {
+        ref.map.set(part, new PathTree<V>());
+      }
+      ref = ref.map.get(part) as PathTree<V>;
+    }
+    ref.map.set(path[path.length - 1], value);
+  }
 }

 function transposeData(
@@ -479,26 +724,37 @@ function transposeData(
  field: Field,
  path: string[] = [],
 ): Vector {
-  const valuesPath = [...path, field.name];
-  const values = data.map((datum) => valueAtPath(datum, valuesPath));
  if (field.type instanceof Struct) {
    const childFields = field.type.children;
+    const fullPath = [...path, field.name];
    const childVectors = childFields.map((child) => {
-      return transposeData(data, child, valuesPath);
+      return transposeData(data, child, fullPath);
    });
-    const nullCount = values.filter((value) => value === null).length;
    const structData = makeData({
      type: field.type,
-      length: values.length,
-      nullCount,
-      nullBitmap:
-        nullCount > 0
-          ? arrowUtil.packBools(values.map((value) => value !== null))
-          : undefined,
      children: childVectors as unknown as ArrowData<DataType>[],
    });
    return arrowMakeVector(structData);
  } else {
+    const valuesPath = [...path, field.name];
+    const values = data.map((datum) => {
+      let current: unknown = datum;
+      for (const key of valuesPath) {
+        if (current == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+
+        if (
+          isObject(current) &&
+          (Object.hasOwn(current, key) || key in current)
+        ) {
+          current = current[key];
+        } else {
+          return null;
+        }
+      }
+      return current;
+    });
    return makeVector(values, field.type, undefined, field.nullable);
  }
 }
@@ -541,6 +797,32 @@ function makeListVector(lists: unknown[][]): Vector<unknown> {
  return listBuilder.finish().toVector();
 }

+/**
+ * Map a JS TypedArray instance to the corresponding Arrow element DataType
+ * and its length. Returns undefined if the value is not a recognized TypedArray.
+ */
+function typedArrayToArrowType(
+  value: ArrayBufferView,
+): { elementType: DataType; length: number } | undefined {
+  if (value instanceof Float32Array)
+    return { elementType: new Float32(), length: value.length };
+  if (value instanceof Float64Array)
+    return { elementType: new Float64(), length: value.length };
+  if (value instanceof Uint8Array)
+    return { elementType: new Uint8(), length: value.length };
+  if (value instanceof Uint16Array)
+    return { elementType: new Uint16(), length: value.length };
+  if (value instanceof Uint32Array)
+    return { elementType: new Uint32(), length: value.length };
+  if (value instanceof Int8Array)
+    return { elementType: new Int8(), length: value.length };
+  if (value instanceof Int16Array)
+    return { elementType: new Int16(), length: value.length };
+  if (value instanceof Int32Array)
+    return { elementType: new Int32(), length: value.length };
+  return undefined;
+}
+
 /** Helper function to convert an Array of JS values to an Arrow Vector */
 function makeVector(
  values: unknown[],
@@ -1180,12 +1462,8 @@ export function ensureNestedFieldsExist(
          completeRow[field.name] = row[field.name];
        }
      } else {
-        // Keep a missing struct valid while filling each of its children with
-        // null. This is distinct from an explicitly null struct value.
-        completeRow[field.name] =
-          field.type.constructor.name === "Struct"
-            ? ensureStructFieldsExist({}, field.type as Struct)
-            : null;
+        // Field is missing from the data - set to null
+        completeRow[field.name] = null;
      }
    }

@@ -1220,12 +1498,8 @@ function ensureStructFieldsExist(
        completeStruct[childField.name] = data[childField.name];
      }
    } else {
-      // Keep a missing struct valid while filling each of its children with
-      // null. This is distinct from an explicitly null struct value.
-      completeStruct[childField.name] =
-        childField.type.constructor.name === "Struct"
-          ? ensureStructFieldsExist({}, childField.type as Struct)
-          : null;
+      // Field is missing - set to null
+      completeStruct[childField.name] = null;
    }
  }

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
-
-import {
-  type DataType,
-  Float32,
-  Float64,
-  Int8,
-  Int16,
-  Int32,
-  Uint8,
-  Uint16,
-  Uint32,
-} from "apache-arrow";
-
-/**
- * Map a JS TypedArray instance to the corresponding Arrow element type and
- * length. Returns undefined when the view is not a supported TypedArray.
- */
-export function typedArrayToArrowType(
-  value: ArrayBufferView,
-): { elementType: DataType; length: number } | undefined {
-  if (value instanceof Float32Array)
-    return { elementType: new Float32(), length: value.length };
-  if (value instanceof Float64Array)
-    return { elementType: new Float64(), length: value.length };
-  if (value instanceof Uint8Array)
-    return { elementType: new Uint8(), length: value.length };
-  if (value instanceof Uint16Array)
-    return { elementType: new Uint16(), length: value.length };
-  if (value instanceof Uint32Array)
-    return { elementType: new Uint32(), length: value.length };
-  if (value instanceof Int8Array)
-    return { elementType: new Int8(), length: value.length };
-  if (value instanceof Int16Array)
-    return { elementType: new Int16(), length: value.length };
-  if (value instanceof Int32Array)
-    return { elementType: new Int32(), length: value.length };
-  return undefined;
-}
@@ -31,14 +31,12 @@ import type {
  JobDescription,
  JobInfo,
  ListNamespacesResponse,
-  ListTablesResponse,
 } from "./native";
 export type {
  CreateNamespaceResponse,
  DescribeNamespaceResponse,
  DropNamespaceResponse,
  ListNamespacesResponse,
-  ListTablesResponse,
 };
 import { sanitizeTable } from "./sanitize";
 import { LocalTable, Table } from "./table";
@@ -136,10 +134,6 @@ export interface OpenTableOptions {
  indexCacheSize?: number;
 }

-/**
- * @deprecated Use {@link ListTablesOptions} with {@link Connection.listTables}
- * instead.
- */
 export interface TableNamesOptions {
  /**
   * If present, only return names that come lexicographically after the
@@ -153,24 +147,6 @@ export interface TableNamesOptions {
  limit?: number;
 }

-export interface ListTablesOptions {
-  /**
-   * Token from a previous response, to resume listing where it left off.
-   *
-   * The token is opaque: it carries whatever the database needs to resume, and
-   * callers should not construct or interpret one.
-   */
-  pageToken?: string;
-  /**
-   * An upper bound on how many tables to return.
-   *
-   * A page may hold fewer than this and still not be the last one, so keep
-   * going while the response carries a page token rather than while pages are
-   * full.
-   */
-  limit?: number;
-}
-
 export interface ListNamespacesOptions {
  /** Token from a previous response for pagination. */
  pageToken?: string;
@@ -255,7 +231,6 @@ export abstract class Connection {
   * @param {Partial<TableNamesOptions>} options - options to control the
   * paging / start point (backwards compatibility)
   *
-   * @deprecated Use {@link Connection.listTables} instead.
   */
  abstract tableNames(options?: Partial<TableNamesOptions>): Promise<string[]>;
  /**
@@ -266,53 +241,12 @@ export abstract class Connection {
   * @param {Partial<TableNamesOptions>} options - options to control the
   * paging / start point
   *
-   * @deprecated Use {@link Connection.listTables} instead.
   */
  abstract tableNames(
    namespacePath?: string[],
    options?: Partial<TableNamesOptions>,
  ): Promise<string[]>;

-  /**
-   * List a page of the tables in this database.
-   *
-   * To retrieve the tables after the page, pass the `pageToken` the response
-   * carries back in. A page can be shorter than `limit` without being the last
-   * one, so walk until a response carries no page token:
-   *
-   * ```ts
-   * const names = [];
-   * let pageToken = undefined;
-   * do {
-   *   const page = await conn.listTables({ pageToken, limit: 100 });
-   *   names.push(...page.tables);
-   *   pageToken = page.pageToken;
-   * } while (pageToken);
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @param {Partial<ListTablesOptions>} options - Pagination options
-   *   (`pageToken`, `limit`).
-   * @returns {Promise<ListTablesResponse>} A page of table names and an
-   *   optional token for the tables after it.
-   */
-  abstract listTables(
-    options?: Partial<ListTablesOptions>,
-  ): Promise<ListTablesResponse>;
-  /**
-   * List a page of the tables in this database.
-   *
-   * @param {string[]} namespacePath - The namespace path to list tables from
-   *   (defaults to root namespace)
-   * @param {Partial<ListTablesOptions>} options - Pagination options
-   *   (`pageToken`, `limit`).
-   * @returns {Promise<ListTablesResponse>} A page of table names and an
-   *   optional token for the tables after it.
-   */
-  abstract listTables(
-    namespacePath?: string[],
-    options?: Partial<ListTablesOptions>,
-  ): Promise<ListTablesResponse>;
-
  /**
   * Open a table in the database.
   * @param {string} name - The name of the table
@@ -667,25 +601,6 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
    return await this.inner.listMaterializedViews();
  }

-  async listTables(
-    namespacePathOrOptions?: string[] | Partial<ListTablesOptions>,
-    options?: Partial<ListTablesOptions>,
-  ): Promise<ListTablesResponse> {
-    // Detect if first argument is namespacePath array or options object
-    const namespacePath = Array.isArray(namespacePathOrOptions)
-      ? namespacePathOrOptions
-      : undefined;
-    const listTablesOptions = Array.isArray(namespacePathOrOptions)
-      ? options
-      : namespacePathOrOptions;
-
-    return this.inner.listTables(
-      namespacePath ?? [],
-      listTablesOptions?.pageToken,
-      listTablesOptions?.limit,
-    );
-  }
-
  async openTable(
    name: string,
    namespacePath?: string[],
@@ -4,15 +4,7 @@
 import { Field, Schema } from "../arrow";
 import { sanitizeType } from "../sanitize";
 import { EmbeddingFunction } from "./embedding_function";
-import {
-  EmbeddingFunctionConfig,
-  EmbeddingFunctionRegistry,
-  getRegistry as getGlobalRegistry,
-  registerBuiltIn,
-} from "./registry";
-
-type OpenAIModule = typeof import("./openai");
-type TransformersModule = typeof import("./transformers");
+import { EmbeddingFunctionConfig, getRegistry } from "./registry";

 export {
  FieldOptions,
@@ -22,39 +14,7 @@ export {
  EmbeddingFunctionConstructor,
 } from "./embedding_function";

-export {
-  EmbeddingFunctionRegistry,
-  parseEmbeddingMetadata,
-  register,
-} from "./registry";
-export type {
-  CreateReturnType,
-  EmbeddingFunctionConfig,
-  EmbeddingFunctionCreate,
-  EmbeddingMetadataEntry,
-  ResolvedEmbeddingFunctionConfig,
-} from "./registry";
-
-function initializeBuiltInProviders() {
-  const { OpenAIEmbeddingFunction } = require("./openai") as OpenAIModule;
-  const { TransformersEmbeddingFunction } =
-    require("./transformers") as TransformersModule;
-
-  registerBuiltIn("openai", OpenAIEmbeddingFunction);
-  registerBuiltIn("huggingface", TransformersEmbeddingFunction);
-}
-
-/**
- * Get the global embedding function registry.
- *
- * LanceDB built-in providers are initialized when this public API is first
- * used, so importing the root package does not change automatic search
- * selection for tables without embedding metadata.
- */
-export function getRegistry(): EmbeddingFunctionRegistry {
-  initializeBuiltInProviders();
-  return getGlobalRegistry();
-}
+export * from "./registry";

 /**
 * Create a schema with embedding functions.
@@ -5,13 +5,14 @@ import type OpenAI from "openai";
 import type { EmbeddingCreateParams } from "openai/resources/index";
 import { Float, Float32 } from "../arrow";
 import { EmbeddingFunction } from "./embedding_function";
-import { registerBuiltIn } from "./registry";
+import { register } from "./registry";

 export type OpenAIOptions = {
  apiKey: string;
  model: EmbeddingCreateParams["model"];
 };

+@register("openai")
 export class OpenAIEmbeddingFunction extends EmbeddingFunction<
  string,
  Partial<OpenAIOptions>
@@ -99,5 +100,3 @@ export class OpenAIEmbeddingFunction extends EmbeddingFunction<
    return response.data[0].embedding;
  }
 }
-
-registerBuiltIn("openai", OpenAIEmbeddingFunction);
@@ -7,10 +7,6 @@ import {
 } from "./embedding_function";
 import "reflect-metadata";

-const builtInFunctionsKey = Symbol.for(
-  "@lancedb/lancedb::embedding-built-in-functions::v1",
-);
-
 export type CreateReturnType<T> = T extends { init: () => Promise<void> }
  ? Promise<T>
  : T;
@@ -63,15 +59,6 @@ export class EmbeddingFunctionRegistry {
    };
  }

-  /** @ignore */
-  setBuiltIn<
-    T extends EmbeddingFunctionConstructor = EmbeddingFunctionConstructor,
-  >(name: string, ctor: T): T {
-    this.#functions.set(name, ctor);
-    Reflect.defineMetadata("lancedb::embedding::name", name, ctor);
-    return ctor;
-  }
-
  get<T extends EmbeddingFunction<unknown>>(
    name: string,
  ): EmbeddingFunctionCreate<T> | undefined;
@@ -109,7 +96,6 @@ export class EmbeddingFunctionRegistry {
   */
  reset(this: EmbeddingFunctionRegistry) {
    this.#functions.clear();
-    getBuiltInFunctions(this).clear();
  }

  /**
@@ -197,56 +183,12 @@ export class EmbeddingFunctionRegistry {
  }
 }

-function getBuiltInFunctions(registry: EmbeddingFunctionRegistry): Set<string> {
-  const registryWithBuiltIns = registry as EmbeddingFunctionRegistry & {
-    [key: symbol]: Set<string> | undefined;
-  };
-  let builtInFunctions = registryWithBuiltIns[builtInFunctionsKey];
-  if (builtInFunctions === undefined) {
-    builtInFunctions = new Set<string>();
-    registryWithBuiltIns[builtInFunctionsKey] = builtInFunctions;
-  }
-  return builtInFunctions;
-}
-
-// Server bundlers can load the side-effect embedding entry points and the public
-// embedding API from separate module graphs. Keep their registry shared.
-const registryKey = Symbol.for(
-  "@lancedb/lancedb::embedding-function-registry::v1",
-);
-const registryGlobal = globalThis as typeof globalThis & {
-  [key: symbol]: EmbeddingFunctionRegistry | undefined;
-};
-
-function getGlobalRegistry(): EmbeddingFunctionRegistry {
-  const existingRegistry = registryGlobal[registryKey];
-  if (existingRegistry !== undefined) {
-    return existingRegistry;
-  }
-  const registry = new EmbeddingFunctionRegistry();
-  registryGlobal[registryKey] = registry;
-  return registry;
-}
-
-const _REGISTRY = getGlobalRegistry();
+const _REGISTRY = new EmbeddingFunctionRegistry();

 export function register(name?: string) {
  return _REGISTRY.register(name);
 }

-/** @ignore */
-export function registerBuiltIn<
-  T extends EmbeddingFunctionConstructor = EmbeddingFunctionConstructor,
->(name: string, ctor: T): T {
-  const builtInFunctions = getBuiltInFunctions(_REGISTRY);
-  if (builtInFunctions.has(name)) {
-    return _REGISTRY.setBuiltIn(name, ctor);
-  }
-  _REGISTRY.register(name)(ctor);
-  builtInFunctions.add(name);
-  return ctor;
-}
-
 /**
 * Utility function to get the global instance of the registry
 * @returns `EmbeddingFunctionRegistry` The global instance of the registry
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@

 import { Float, Float32 } from "../arrow";
 import { EmbeddingFunction } from "./embedding_function";
-import { registerBuiltIn } from "./registry";
+import { register } from "./registry";

 export type XenovaTransformerOptions = {
  /** The wasm compatible model to use */
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ export type XenovaTransformerOptions = {
  };
 };

+@register("huggingface")
 export class TransformersEmbeddingFunction extends EmbeddingFunction<
  string,
  Partial<XenovaTransformerOptions>
@@ -157,8 +158,6 @@ export class TransformersEmbeddingFunction extends EmbeddingFunction<
  }
 }

-registerBuiltIn("huggingface", TransformersEmbeddingFunction);
-
 const tensorDiv = (
  src: import("@huggingface/transformers").Tensor,
  divBy: number,
@@ -81,13 +81,11 @@ export {
  Connection,
  CreateTableOptions,
  TableNamesOptions,
-  ListTablesOptions,
  OpenTableOptions,
  ListNamespacesOptions,
  CreateNamespaceOptions,
  DropNamespaceOptions,
  ListNamespacesResponse,
-  ListTablesResponse,
  CreateNamespaceResponse,
  DropNamespaceResponse,
  DescribeNamespaceResponse,
@@ -103,7 +101,6 @@ export {
 } from "./native.js";

 export {
-  AutoQuery,
  ExecutableQuery,
  Query,
  QueryBase,
@@ -157,8 +154,8 @@ export {
  TokenizeTableOptions,
  LsmWriteSpec,
  LsmStats,
-  TableShardStats,
-  SsTableStats,
+  BucketStats,
+  GenerationStats,
  MemtableStats,
  ColumnAlteration,
  FieldMetadataUpdate,
@@ -100,29 +100,6 @@ export interface FullTextSearchOptions {
  columns?: string | string[];
 }

-function nearestToNative(
-  inner: NativeQuery,
-  vector: Awaited<IntoVector>,
-): NativeVectorQuery {
-  const raw = Array.isArray(vector) ? null : extractVectorBuffer(vector);
-  if (raw) {
-    return inner.nearestToRaw(raw.data, raw.dtype);
-  }
-  return inner.nearestTo(Float32Array.from(vector as number[]));
-}
-
-function addQueryVectorToNative(
-  inner: NativeVectorQuery,
-  vector: Awaited<IntoVector>,
-) {
-  const raw = Array.isArray(vector) ? null : extractVectorBuffer(vector);
-  if (raw) {
-    inner.addQueryVectorRaw(raw.data, raw.dtype);
-  } else {
-    inner.addQueryVector(Float32Array.from(vector as number[]));
-  }
-}
-
 /** Common methods supported by all query types
 *
 * @see {@link Query}
@@ -134,15 +111,13 @@ export class QueryBase<
  NativeQueryType extends NativeQuery | NativeVectorQuery | NativeTakeQuery,
 > implements AsyncIterable<RecordBatch>
 {
-  protected inner!: NativeQueryType | Promise<NativeQueryType>;
-
  /**
   * @hidden
   */
-  protected constructor(inner?: NativeQueryType | Promise<NativeQueryType>) {
-    if (inner !== undefined) {
-      this.inner = inner;
-    }
+  protected constructor(
+    protected inner: NativeQueryType | Promise<NativeQueryType>,
+  ) {
+    // intentionally empty
  }

  // call a function on the inner (either a promise or the actual object)
@@ -160,15 +135,6 @@ export class QueryBase<
    }
  }

-  /**
-   * Return the native query used by the next terminal operation.
-   *
-   * @hidden
-   */
-  protected async getInner(): Promise<NativeQueryType> {
-    return this.inner;
-  }
-
  /**
   * Return only the specified columns.
   *
@@ -241,11 +207,16 @@ export class QueryBase<
  /**
   * @hidden
   */
-  protected async nativeExecute(
+  protected nativeExecute(
    options?: Partial<QueryExecutionOptions>,
  ): Promise<NativeBatchIterator> {
-    const inner = await this.getInner();
-    return inner.execute(options?.maxBatchLength, options?.timeoutMs);
+    if (this.inner instanceof Promise) {
+      return this.inner.then((inner) =>
+        inner.execute(options?.maxBatchLength, options?.timeoutMs),
+      );
+    } else {
+      return this.inner.execute(options?.maxBatchLength, options?.timeoutMs);
+    }
  }

  /**
@@ -274,7 +245,12 @@ export class QueryBase<
  /** Collect the results as an Arrow @see {@link ArrowTable}. */
  async toArrow(options?: Partial<QueryExecutionOptions>): Promise<ArrowTable> {
    const batches = [];
-    const inner = await this.getInner();
+    let inner;
+    if (this.inner instanceof Promise) {
+      inner = await this.inner;
+    } else {
+      inner = this.inner;
+    }
    for await (const batch of new RecordBatchIterable(inner, options)) {
      batches.push(batch);
    }
@@ -303,8 +279,11 @@ export class QueryBase<
   * @returns A Promise that resolves to a string containing the query execution plan explanation.
   */
  async explainPlan(verbose = false): Promise<string> {
-    const inner = await this.getInner();
-    return inner.explainPlan(verbose);
+    if (this.inner instanceof Promise) {
+      return this.inner.then((inner) => inner.explainPlan(verbose));
+    } else {
+      return this.inner.explainPlan(verbose);
+    }
  }

  /**
@@ -342,8 +321,13 @@ export class QueryBase<
    distributedMetrics?: AnalyzePlanDistributedMetrics,
  ): Promise<string> {
    const distributedMetricsMode = distributedMetrics ?? "aggregate";
-    const inner = await this.getInner();
-    return inner.analyzePlan(distributedMetricsMode);
+    if (this.inner instanceof Promise) {
+      return this.inner.then((inner) =>
+        inner.analyzePlan(distributedMetricsMode),
+      );
+    } else {
+      return this.inner.analyzePlan(distributedMetricsMode);
+    }
  }

  /**
@@ -355,8 +339,12 @@ export class QueryBase<
   * @returns An Arrow Schema describing the output columns.
   */
  async outputSchema(): Promise<import("./arrow").Schema> {
-    const inner = await this.getInner();
-    const schemaBuffer = await inner.outputSchema();
+    let schemaBuffer: Buffer;
+    if (this.inner instanceof Promise) {
+      schemaBuffer = await this.inner.then((inner) => inner.outputSchema());
+    } else {
+      schemaBuffer = await this.inner.outputSchema();
+    }
    const schema = tableFromIPC(schemaBuffer).schema;
    return schema;
  }
@@ -368,7 +356,7 @@ export class StandardQueryBase<
  extends QueryBase<NativeQueryType>
  implements ExecutableQuery
 {
-  constructor(inner?: NativeQueryType | Promise<NativeQueryType>) {
+  constructor(inner: NativeQueryType | Promise<NativeQueryType>) {
    super(inner);
  }

@@ -522,13 +510,6 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
    super(inner);
  }

-  /**
-   * @hidden
-   */
-  protected doVectorCall(fn: (inner: NativeVectorQuery) => void) {
-    super.doCall(fn);
-  }
-
  /**
   * Set the number of partitions to search (probe)
   *
@@ -556,7 +537,7 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
   * the minimum and maximum to the same value.
   */
  nprobes(nprobes: number): VectorQuery {
-    this.doVectorCall((inner) => inner.nprobes(nprobes));
+    super.doCall((inner) => inner.nprobes(nprobes));

    return this;
  }
@@ -570,7 +551,7 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
   * but will also increase latency.
   */
  minimumNprobes(minimumNprobes: number): VectorQuery {
-    this.doVectorCall((inner) => inner.minimumNprobes(minimumNprobes));
+    super.doCall((inner) => inner.minimumNprobes(minimumNprobes));
    return this;
  }

@@ -584,7 +565,7 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
   * potential false negatives.
   */
  maximumNprobes(maximumNprobes: number): VectorQuery {
-    this.doVectorCall((inner) => inner.maximumNprobes(maximumNprobes));
+    super.doCall((inner) => inner.maximumNprobes(maximumNprobes));
    return this;
  }

@@ -597,7 +578,7 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
   * `undefined` means no lower or upper bound.
   */
  distanceRange(lowerBound?: number, upperBound?: number): VectorQuery {
-    this.doVectorCall((inner) => inner.distanceRange(lowerBound, upperBound));
+    super.doCall((inner) => inner.distanceRange(lowerBound, upperBound));
    return this;
  }

@@ -611,7 +592,7 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
   * also increase the latency of your query. The default value is 1.5*limit.
   */
  ef(ef: number): VectorQuery {
-    this.doVectorCall((inner) => inner.ef(ef));
+    super.doCall((inner) => inner.ef(ef));
    return this;
  }

@@ -625,7 +606,7 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
   * whose data type is a fixed-size-list of floats.
   */
  column(column: string): VectorQuery {
-    this.doVectorCall((inner) => inner.column(column));
+    super.doCall((inner) => inner.column(column));
    return this;
  }

@@ -646,7 +627,7 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
  distanceType(
    distanceType: Required<IvfPqOptions>["distanceType"],
  ): VectorQuery {
-    this.doVectorCall((inner) => inner.distanceType(distanceType));
+    super.doCall((inner) => inner.distanceType(distanceType));
    return this;
  }

@@ -680,7 +661,7 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
   * distance between the query vector and the actual uncompressed vector.
   */
  refineFactor(refineFactor: number): VectorQuery {
-    this.doVectorCall((inner) => inner.refineFactor(refineFactor));
+    super.doCall((inner) => inner.refineFactor(refineFactor));
    return this;
  }

@@ -705,7 +686,7 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
   * factor can often help restore some of the results lost by post filtering.
   */
  postfilter(): VectorQuery {
-    this.doVectorCall((inner) => inner.postfilter());
+    super.doCall((inner) => inner.postfilter());
    return this;
  }

@@ -719,7 +700,7 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
   * calculate your recall to select an appropriate value for nprobes.
   */
  bypassVectorIndex(): VectorQuery {
-    this.doVectorCall((inner) => inner.bypassVectorIndex());
+    super.doCall((inner) => inner.bypassVectorIndex());
    return this;
  }

@@ -727,39 +708,43 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
   * Add a query vector to the search
   *
   * This method can be called multiple times to add multiple query vectors
-   * to the search. A column called `query_index` will be added to indicate the index
-   * of the query vector that produced the result. Flat searches share one table scan
-   * across the query vectors, avoiding the scan and memory amplification of running
-   * multiple queries concurrently. Indexed searches may still perform per-vector
-   * index work.
+   * to the search. If multiple query vectors are added, then they will be searched
+   * in parallel, and the results will be concatenated. A column called `query_index`
+   * will be added to indicate the index of the query vector that produced the result.
+   *
+   * Performance wise, this is equivalent to running multiple queries concurrently.
   */
  addQueryVector(vector: IntoVector): VectorQuery {
    if (vector instanceof Promise) {
-      // Observe the promise as soon as it is accepted. The existing native
-      // query may still be pending, and delaying observation until it resolves
-      // can otherwise surface a fast rejection as unhandled.
-      const settledVector = vector.then(
-        (value) => ({ status: "fulfilled" as const, value }),
-        (reason) => ({ status: "rejected" as const, reason }),
-      );
      const res = (async () => {
-        const inner = await this.getInner();
-        const outcome = await settledVector;
-        if (outcome.status === "rejected") {
-          throw outcome.reason;
+        try {
+          const v = await vector;
+          // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: we need to get the `inner`, but js has no package scoping
+          const value: any = this.addQueryVector(v);
+          const inner = value.inner as
+            | NativeVectorQuery
+            | Promise<NativeVectorQuery>;
+          return inner;
+        } catch (e) {
+          return Promise.reject(e);
        }
-        addQueryVectorToNative(inner, outcome.value);
-        return inner;
      })();
      return new VectorQuery(res);
    } else {
-      this.doVectorCall((inner) => addQueryVectorToNative(inner, vector));
+      super.doCall((inner) => {
+        const raw = Array.isArray(vector) ? null : extractVectorBuffer(vector);
+        if (raw) {
+          inner.addQueryVectorRaw(raw.data, raw.dtype);
+        } else {
+          inner.addQueryVector(Float32Array.from(vector as number[]));
+        }
+      });
      return this;
    }
  }

  rerank(reranker: Reranker): VectorQuery {
-    this.doVectorCall((inner) =>
+    super.doCall((inner) =>
      inner.rerank(async (args) => {
        const vecResults = await fromBufferToRecordBatch(args.vecResults);
        const ftsResults = await fromBufferToRecordBatch(args.ftsResults);
@@ -778,71 +763,6 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
  }
 }

-/**
- * Create a string query whose vector/FTS routing is resolved against the active
- * table schema when the query executes.
- *
- * @hidden
- */
-export function createAutoQuery(
-  table: NativeTable,
-  query: string,
-  columns: string[] | null,
-  getVector: (metadata: string) => Promise<Awaited<IntoVector>>,
-): AutoQuery {
-  type RouteSnapshot = {
-    table: NativeTable;
-    embeddingMetadata: string | undefined;
-  };
-  type CachedPreparation = {
-    metadata: string;
-    vector: Promise<Awaited<IntoVector>>;
-  };
-
-  let cachedPreparation: CachedPreparation | undefined;
-
-  const snapshotRoute = async (): Promise<RouteSnapshot> => {
-    const snapshot = await table.querySnapshot();
-    const schema = tableFromIPC(await snapshot.schema()).schema;
-    return {
-      table: snapshot,
-      embeddingMetadata: schema.metadata.get("embedding_functions"),
-    };
-  };
-
-  const createInner = async (): Promise<NativeQuery | NativeVectorQuery> => {
-    const route = await snapshotRoute();
-    if (route.embeddingMetadata === undefined) {
-      const inner = route.table.query();
-      inner.fullTextSearch({ query, columns });
-      return inner;
-    }
-
-    const metadata = route.embeddingMetadata;
-    if (cachedPreparation?.metadata !== metadata) {
-      cachedPreparation = {
-        metadata,
-        vector: Promise.resolve().then(() => getVector(metadata)),
-      };
-    }
-
-    const preparation = cachedPreparation;
-    let vector: Awaited<IntoVector>;
-    try {
-      vector = await preparation.vector;
-    } catch (error) {
-      if (cachedPreparation === preparation) {
-        cachedPreparation = undefined;
-      }
-      throw error;
-    }
-
-    return nearestToNative(route.table.query(), vector);
-  };
-
-  return new AutoQuery(createInner);
-}
-
 /**
 * A query that returns a subset of the rows in the table.
 *
@@ -868,51 +788,6 @@ export class TakeQuery extends QueryBase<NativeTakeQuery> {
  }
 }

-/**
- * A builder for automatic string searches.
- *
- * Automatic search determines whether to use full-text or vector search from
- * the table revision selected for each execution. This builder exposes the
- * common operations supported by both query families.
- *
- * @hideconstructor
- */
-export class AutoQuery extends StandardQueryBase<
-  NativeQuery | NativeVectorQuery
-> {
-  private readonly calls: Array<
-    (inner: NativeQuery | NativeVectorQuery) => void
-  > = [];
-
-  /** @hidden */
-  constructor(
-    private readonly createInner: () => Promise<
-      NativeQuery | NativeVectorQuery
-    >,
-  ) {
-    super();
-  }
-
-  /** @hidden */
-  protected override doCall(
-    fn: (inner: NativeQuery | NativeVectorQuery) => void,
-  ) {
-    this.calls.push(fn);
-  }
-
-  /** @hidden */
-  protected override async getInner(): Promise<
-    NativeQuery | NativeVectorQuery
-  > {
-    const calls = [...this.calls];
-    const inner = await this.createInner();
-    for (const call of calls) {
-      call(inner);
-    }
-    return inner;
-  }
-}
-
 /** A builder for LanceDB queries.
 *
 * @see {@link Table#query}, {@link Table#search}
@@ -965,19 +840,45 @@ export class Query extends StandardQueryBase<NativeQuery> {
   * a default `limit` of 10 will be used.  @see {@link Query#limit}
   */
  nearestTo(vector: IntoVector): VectorQuery {
-    const inner = this.inner;
-    if (inner instanceof Promise) {
-      const nativeQuery = inner.then(async (resolvedInner) =>
-        nearestToNative(resolvedInner, await vector),
-      );
+    const callNearestTo = (
+      inner: NativeQuery,
+      resolved: Float32Array | Float64Array | Uint8Array | number[],
+    ): NativeVectorQuery => {
+      const raw = Array.isArray(resolved)
+        ? null
+        : extractVectorBuffer(resolved);
+      if (raw) {
+        return inner.nearestToRaw(raw.data, raw.dtype);
+      }
+      return inner.nearestTo(Float32Array.from(resolved as number[]));
+    };
+
+    if (this.inner instanceof Promise) {
+      const nativeQuery = this.inner.then(async (inner) => {
+        const resolved = vector instanceof Promise ? await vector : vector;
+        return callNearestTo(inner, resolved);
+      });
      return new VectorQuery(nativeQuery);
    }
    if (vector instanceof Promise) {
-      return new VectorQuery(
-        vector.then((resolvedVector) => nearestToNative(inner, resolvedVector)),
-      );
+      const res = (async () => {
+        try {
+          const v = await vector;
+          // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: we need to get the `inner`, but js has no package scoping
+          const value: any = this.nearestTo(v);
+          const inner = value.inner as
+            | NativeVectorQuery
+            | Promise<NativeVectorQuery>;
+          return inner;
+        } catch (e) {
+          return Promise.reject(e);
+        }
+      })();
+      return new VectorQuery(res);
+    } else {
+      const vectorQuery = callNearestTo(this.inner, vector);
+      return new VectorQuery(vectorQuery);
    }
-    return new VectorQuery(nearestToNative(inner, vector));
  }

  nearestToText(query: string | FullTextQuery, columns?: string[]): Query {
@@ -94,24 +94,17 @@ export function sanitizeMetadata(
  if (metadataLike === undefined || metadataLike === null) {
    return undefined;
  }
-
-  let entries: IterableIterator<[unknown, unknown]>;
-  try {
-    entries = Map.prototype.entries.call(metadataLike);
-  } catch {
+  if (!(metadataLike instanceof Map)) {
    throw Error("Expected metadata, if present, to be a Map<string, string>");
  }
-
-  const metadata = new Map<string, string>();
-  for (const [key, value] of entries) {
-    if (typeof key !== "string" || typeof value !== "string") {
+  for (const item of metadataLike) {
+    if (typeof item[0] !== "string" || typeof item[1] !== "string") {
      throw Error(
        "Expected metadata, if present, to be a Map<string, string> but it had non-string keys or values",
      );
    }
-    metadata.set(key, value);
  }
-  return metadata;
+  return metadataLike as Map<string, string>;
 }

 export function sanitizeInt(typeLike: object) {
@@ -1,567 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
-
-import {
-  Binary,
-  Bool,
-  DataType,
-  Dictionary,
-  Field,
-  FixedSizeList,
-  Float32,
-  Float64,
-  Int32,
-  Int64,
-  List,
-  Schema,
-  Struct,
-  Utf8,
-  util as arrowUtil,
-} from "apache-arrow";
-import { typedArrayToArrowType } from "./arrow_type";
-import { sanitizeType } from "./sanitize";
-
-type InferenceOptions = {
-  dictionaryEncodeStrings: boolean;
-  vectorColumns: Record<string, { type: unknown }>;
-};
-
-/**
- * Infer the Arrow schema represented by a set of records.
- *
- * This is the intentionally small interface to schema inference. The stateful
- * details of combining partial type evidence are encapsulated below so callers
- * only need to provide records, an optional schema, and inference options.
- */
-export function inferSchema(
-  data: Array<Record<string, unknown>>,
-  schema: Schema | undefined,
-  options: InferenceOptions,
-): Schema {
-  return new SchemaInferrer(schema, options).infer(data);
-}
-
-class SchemaInferrer {
-  private readonly fields = new FieldTree();
-
-  constructor(
-    private readonly providedSchema: Schema | undefined,
-    private readonly options: InferenceOptions,
-  ) {}
-
-  infer(data: Array<Record<string, unknown>>): Schema {
-    for (const [row, record] of data.entries()) {
-      for (const [path, value] of recordPathsAndValues(record)) {
-        this.observe(path, value, row);
-      }
-    }
-
-    return this.providedSchema === undefined
-      ? new Schema(fieldsFromTree(this.fields))
-      : new Schema(matchingFields(this.providedSchema.fields, this.fields));
-  }
-
-  private observe(path: string[], value: unknown, row: number): void {
-    const current = this.fields.get(path);
-    if (current === undefined) {
-      this.addField(path, value, row);
-    } else if (this.providedSchema === undefined) {
-      this.updateInferredField(path, value, row, current);
-    }
-  }
-
-  private addField(path: string[], value: unknown, row: number): void {
-    if (this.providedSchema !== undefined) {
-      this.addSchemaField(this.providedSchema, path, row);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    const evidence =
-      this.inferType(value, path) ?? DeferredTypeEvidence.from(value, row);
-    if (evidence === undefined) {
-      throw typeInferenceError(path, row);
-    }
-
-    const conflict = this.fields.set(
-      path,
-      evidence,
-      (existing) =>
-        existing instanceof DeferredTypeEvidence && existing.isOnlyNulls(),
-    );
-    if (conflict !== undefined) {
-      throw branchConflictError(conflict, row, "Struct");
-    }
-  }
-
-  private addSchemaField(schema: Schema, path: string[], row: number): void {
-    const field = fieldAtPath(schema, path);
-    if (field === undefined) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `Found field not in schema: ${path.join(".")} at row ${row}`,
-      );
-    }
-
-    const conflict = this.fields.set(path, field.type);
-    if (conflict !== undefined) {
-      throw branchConflictError(conflict, row, "Struct");
-    }
-  }
-
-  private updateInferredField(
-    path: string[],
-    value: unknown,
-    row: number,
-    current: FieldNode,
-  ): void {
-    const newType = this.inferType(value, path);
-    const deferred = DeferredTypeEvidence.from(value, row);
-
-    if (current instanceof FieldTree) {
-      if (deferred?.isOnlyNulls()) {
-        return;
-      }
-      throw schemaInferenceError(
-        path,
-        row,
-        "Struct",
-        describeEvidence(newType ?? deferred),
-      );
-    }
-
-    if (current instanceof DeferredTypeEvidence) {
-      this.resolveDeferredField(path, row, current, newType, deferred);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (newType !== undefined) {
-      if (!inferredTypesEqual(current, newType)) {
-        throw schemaInferenceError(
-          path,
-          row,
-          describeEvidence(current),
-          describeEvidence(newType),
-        );
-      }
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (deferred === undefined || !deferred.matches(current)) {
-      throw schemaInferenceError(
-        path,
-        row,
-        describeEvidence(current),
-        describeEvidence(deferred),
-      );
-    }
-  }
-
-  private resolveDeferredField(
-    path: string[],
-    row: number,
-    current: DeferredTypeEvidence,
-    newType: DataType | undefined,
-    deferred: DeferredTypeEvidence | undefined,
-  ): void {
-    if (newType !== undefined) {
-      if (!current.matches(newType)) {
-        throw schemaInferenceError(
-          path,
-          row,
-          current.describe(),
-          describeEvidence(newType),
-        );
-      }
-      this.fields.set(path, newType);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (deferred !== undefined) {
-      this.fields.set(path, current.merge(deferred));
-      return;
-    }
-
-    throw schemaInferenceError(
-      path,
-      row,
-      current.describe(),
-      describeEvidence(newType),
-    );
-  }
-
-  private inferType(value: unknown, path: string[]): DataType | undefined {
-    if (typeof value === "bigint") {
-      return new Int64();
-    }
-    if (typeof value === "number") {
-      return new Float64();
-    }
-    if (typeof value === "string") {
-      return this.options.dictionaryEncodeStrings
-        ? new Dictionary(new Utf8(), new Int32())
-        : new Utf8();
-    }
-    if (typeof value === "boolean") {
-      return new Bool();
-    }
-    if (value instanceof Buffer) {
-      return new Binary();
-    }
-    if (ArrayBuffer.isView(value) && !(value instanceof DataView)) {
-      const typedArray = typedArrayToArrowType(value);
-      return typedArray === undefined
-        ? undefined
-        : new FixedSizeList(
-            typedArray.length,
-            new Field("item", typedArray.elementType, true),
-          );
-    }
-    if (!Array.isArray(value) || value.length === 0) {
-      return undefined;
-    }
-
-    const configuredVector =
-      path.length === 1 ? this.options.vectorColumns[path[0]] : undefined;
-    if (configuredVector !== undefined) {
-      return new FixedSizeList(
-        value.length,
-        new Field("item", sanitizeType(configuredVector.type), true),
-      );
-    }
-
-    const itemType = this.inferArrayItemType(value, path);
-    if (itemType === undefined) {
-      return undefined;
-    }
-
-    return nameSuggestsVectorColumn(path[path.length - 1])
-      ? new FixedSizeList(value.length, new Field("item", new Float32(), true))
-      : new List(new Field("item", itemType, true));
-  }
-
-  private inferArrayItemType(
-    values: unknown[],
-    path: string[],
-  ): DataType | undefined {
-    let itemType: DataType | undefined;
-    const deferredItems: unknown[] = [];
-
-    for (const value of values) {
-      const candidate = this.inferType(value, path);
-      if (candidate === undefined) {
-        if (!isDeferredValue(value)) {
-          return undefined;
-        }
-        deferredItems.push(value);
-      } else if (itemType === undefined) {
-        itemType = candidate;
-      } else if (!inferredTypesEqual(itemType, candidate)) {
-        return undefined;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (itemType === undefined) {
-      return undefined;
-    }
-    return deferredItems.every((value) =>
-      deferredValueMatchesType(value, itemType),
-    )
-      ? itemType
-      : undefined;
-  }
-}
-
-/** Nulls and empty/all-null lists that do not determine a type by themselves. */
-class DeferredTypeEvidence {
-  private constructor(
-    private readonly values: Array<{ value: unknown; row: number }>,
-  ) {}
-
-  static from(value: unknown, row: number): DeferredTypeEvidence | undefined {
-    return isDeferredValue(value)
-      ? new DeferredTypeEvidence([{ value, row }])
-      : undefined;
-  }
-
-  isOnlyNulls(): boolean {
-    return this.values.every(({ value }) => value == null);
-  }
-
-  matches(type: DataType): boolean {
-    return this.values.every(({ value }) =>
-      deferredValueMatchesType(value, type),
-    );
-  }
-
-  merge(other: DeferredTypeEvidence): DeferredTypeEvidence {
-    return new DeferredTypeEvidence([...this.values, ...other.values]);
-  }
-
-  describe(): string {
-    const list = this.values.find(({ value }) => Array.isArray(value));
-    return list === undefined
-      ? "null"
-      : `List[${(list.value as unknown[]).length}]`;
-  }
-
-  firstRow(): number {
-    return this.values[0].row;
-  }
-}
-
-type FieldNode = DataType | DeferredTypeEvidence | FieldTree;
-type LeafNode = Exclude<FieldNode, FieldTree>;
-type FieldConflict = { path: string[]; value: FieldNode };
-
-/** Nested field state, kept separate from Arrow's eventual Struct types. */
-class FieldTree {
-  private readonly children = new Map<string, FieldNode>();
-
-  get(path: string[]): FieldNode | undefined {
-    let current: FieldNode = this;
-    for (const part of path) {
-      if (!(current instanceof FieldTree)) {
-        return undefined;
-      }
-      const child = current.children.get(part);
-      if (child === undefined) {
-        return undefined;
-      }
-      current = child;
-    }
-    return current;
-  }
-
-  set(
-    path: string[],
-    value: LeafNode,
-    canReplaceLeaf: (value: LeafNode) => boolean = () => false,
-  ): FieldConflict | undefined {
-    let branch: FieldTree = this;
-    for (const [index, part] of path.slice(0, -1).entries()) {
-      const child = branch.children.get(part);
-      if (child === undefined || (isLeaf(child) && canReplaceLeaf(child))) {
-        const nextBranch = new FieldTree();
-        branch.children.set(part, nextBranch);
-        branch = nextBranch;
-      } else if (child instanceof FieldTree) {
-        branch = child;
-      } else {
-        return { path: path.slice(0, index + 1), value: child };
-      }
-    }
-
-    const name = path[path.length - 1];
-    const current = branch.children.get(name);
-    if (current instanceof FieldTree) {
-      return { path, value: current };
-    }
-    branch.children.set(name, value);
-    return undefined;
-  }
-
-  entries(): IterableIterator<[string, FieldNode]> {
-    return this.children.entries();
-  }
-
-  has(name: string): boolean {
-    return this.children.has(name);
-  }
-}
-
-function isLeaf(value: FieldNode): value is LeafNode {
-  return !(value instanceof FieldTree);
-}
-
-function fieldsFromTree(tree: FieldTree, path: string[] = []): Field[] {
-  const fields: Field[] = [];
-  for (const [name, value] of tree.entries()) {
-    if (value instanceof FieldTree) {
-      fields.push(
-        new Field(
-          name,
-          new Struct(fieldsFromTree(value, [...path, name])),
-          true,
-        ),
-      );
-    } else if (value instanceof DeferredTypeEvidence) {
-      throw typeInferenceError([...path, name], value.firstRow());
-    } else {
-      fields.push(new Field(name, value, true));
-    }
-  }
-  return fields;
-}
-
-function matchingFields(fields: Field[], tree: FieldTree): Field[] {
-  const matches: Field[] = [];
-  for (const field of fields) {
-    if (!tree.has(field.name)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    const value = tree.get([field.name]);
-    if (value instanceof FieldTree) {
-      const struct = field.type as Struct;
-      matches.push(
-        new Field(
-          field.name,
-          new Struct(matchingFields(struct.children, value)),
-          field.nullable,
-          field.metadata,
-        ),
-      );
-    } else {
-      matches.push(field);
-    }
-  }
-  return matches;
-}
-
-function* recordPathsAndValues(
-  record: Record<string, unknown>,
-  path: string[] = [],
-): Generator<[string[], unknown]> {
-  for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(record)) {
-    if (isRecord(value)) {
-      yield* recordPathsAndValues(value, [...path, name]);
-    } else if (value !== undefined) {
-      yield [[...path, name], value];
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-function isRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
-  return (
-    typeof value === "object" &&
-    value !== null &&
-    !Array.isArray(value) &&
-    !(value instanceof RegExp) &&
-    !(value instanceof Date) &&
-    !(value instanceof Set) &&
-    !(value instanceof Map) &&
-    !(value instanceof Buffer) &&
-    !ArrayBuffer.isView(value)
-  );
-}
-
-function fieldAtPath(schema: Schema, path: string[]): Field | undefined {
-  let fields = schema.fields;
-  let field: Field | undefined;
-  for (const [index, name] of path.entries()) {
-    field = fields.find((candidate) => candidate.name === name);
-    if (field === undefined || index === path.length - 1) {
-      return field;
-    }
-    if (!DataType.isStruct(field.type)) {
-      return undefined;
-    }
-    fields = field.type.children;
-  }
-  return field;
-}
-
-function isDeferredValue(value: unknown): boolean {
-  return (
-    value == null || (Array.isArray(value) && value.every(isDeferredValue))
-  );
-}
-
-function deferredValueMatchesType(value: unknown, type: DataType): boolean {
-  if (value == null) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (DataType.isList(type)) {
-    return value.every((item) =>
-      deferredValueMatchesType(item, type.valueType),
-    );
-  }
-  if (DataType.isFixedSizeList(type)) {
-    return (
-      value.length === type.listSize &&
-      value.every((item) => deferredValueMatchesType(item, type.valueType))
-    );
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-function inferredTypesEqual(current: DataType, candidate: DataType): boolean {
-  if (DataType.isDictionary(current)) {
-    return (
-      DataType.isDictionary(candidate) &&
-      current.isOrdered === candidate.isOrdered &&
-      inferredTypesEqual(current.indices, candidate.indices) &&
-      inferredTypesEqual(current.dictionary, candidate.dictionary)
-    );
-  }
-  if (DataType.isList(current)) {
-    return (
-      DataType.isList(candidate) &&
-      current.valueField.name === candidate.valueField.name &&
-      current.valueField.nullable === candidate.valueField.nullable &&
-      inferredTypesEqual(current.valueType, candidate.valueType)
-    );
-  }
-  if (DataType.isFixedSizeList(current)) {
-    return (
-      DataType.isFixedSizeList(candidate) &&
-      current.listSize === candidate.listSize &&
-      current.valueField.name === candidate.valueField.name &&
-      current.valueField.nullable === candidate.valueField.nullable &&
-      inferredTypesEqual(current.valueType, candidate.valueType)
-    );
-  }
-  return arrowUtil.compareTypes(current, candidate);
-}
-
-function describeEvidence(
-  evidence: DataType | DeferredTypeEvidence | undefined,
-): string {
-  if (evidence === undefined) {
-    return "an unsupported value";
-  }
-  return evidence instanceof DeferredTypeEvidence
-    ? evidence.describe()
-    : evidence.toString();
-}
-
-function branchConflictError(
-  conflict: FieldConflict,
-  row: number,
-  candidate: string,
-): Error {
-  return schemaInferenceError(
-    conflict.path,
-    row,
-    conflict.value instanceof FieldTree
-      ? "Struct"
-      : describeEvidence(conflict.value),
-    candidate,
-  );
-}
-
-function schemaInferenceError(
-  path: string[],
-  row: number,
-  currentType: string,
-  newType: string,
-): Error {
-  return new Error(
-    `Failed to infer schema for data. Previously inferred type ${currentType} ` +
-      `but found ${newType} for field ${path.join(".")} at row ${row}. ` +
-      "Consider providing an explicit schema.",
-  );
-}
-
-function typeInferenceError(path: string[], row: number): Error {
-  return new Error(
-    `Failed to infer data type for field ${path.join(".")} at row ${row}. ` +
-      "Consider providing an explicit schema.",
-  );
-}
-
-function nameSuggestsVectorColumn(name: string): boolean {
-  const normalized = name.toLowerCase();
-  return normalized.includes("vector") || normalized.includes("embedding");
-}
@@ -43,20 +43,18 @@ import {
  Table as _NativeTable,
 } from "./native";
 import {
-  AutoQuery,
  FullTextQuery,
  Query,
  TakeQuery,
  VectorQuery,
-  createAutoQuery,
  instanceOfFullTextQuery,
 } from "./query";
 import { sanitizeType } from "./sanitize";
 import { IntoSql, toSQL } from "./util";
 export { IndexConfig } from "./native";
 export {
-  TableShardStats,
-  SsTableStats,
+  BucketStats,
+  GenerationStats,
  LsmStats,
  MemtableStats,
 } from "./native";
@@ -525,7 +523,7 @@ export abstract class Table {
    query: string | IntoVector | MultiVector | FullTextQuery,
    queryType?: string,
    ftsColumns?: string | string[],
-  ): VectorQuery | Query | AutoQuery;
+  ): VectorQuery | Query;
  /**
   * Search the table with a given query vector.
   *
@@ -630,18 +628,6 @@ export abstract class Table {

  /**
   * Update per-field (column) metadata.
-   *
-   * The following keys are treated specially, by convention, and should be
-   * used when appropriate:
-   *
-   * - `lancedb:description`: for a human-readable description of a field.
-   * - `lancedb:tag:<name>`: for a user-defined key-value tag, where the suffix
-   *   names the tag category; e.g. `lancedb:tag:model: "clip"`.
-   * - `lancedb:logical-column`: for a column grouping; e.g. `feature_v1` and
-   *   `feature_v2` might be in the same logical column.
-   * - `lancedb:status`: for status options (`production`, `candidate`,
-   *   `deprecated`, `archived`) to designate the current life cycle state of
-   *   this column.
   * @param {FieldMetadataUpdate[]} updates One or more per-field updates. Each
   * update's metadata is merged into the field's existing metadata by default;
   * a value of `null` deletes that key, and `replace: true` swaps the whole map.
@@ -741,7 +727,7 @@ export abstract class Table {
   */
  abstract closeLsmWriters(): Promise<void>;
  /**
-   * Freeze every table shard's active memtable into a new SSTable.
+   * Seal every bucket's active memtable into a new L0 generation.
   *
   * Returns once the seal is committed. Sealing an empty memtable is a no-op,
   * so this is safe to call repeatedly.
@@ -749,7 +735,7 @@ export abstract class Table {
   */
  abstract flushLsm(): Promise<void>;
  /**
-   * Trigger a background SSTable compaction pass per table shard.
+   * Trigger a background L0 → base compaction pass per bucket.
   *
   * Returns once the passes are *dispatched*, not once they finish — watch
   * {@link Table#getLsmStats} for progress, or use
@@ -760,9 +746,9 @@ export abstract class Table {
  /**
   * Converge this table's LSM write path into its base table.
   *
-   * Freezes once, then triggers compaction and polls until the SSTables that existed
+   * Seals once, then triggers compaction and polls until the L0 that existed
   * at the start is gone. The target set is fixed at the start, so
-   * SSTables created *during* the checkpoint are ignored — that is what
+   * generations created *during* the checkpoint are ignored — that is what
   * lets it terminate under write load, and what makes it best-effort: it
   * converges the fresh tier as of some instant. Idempotent, abandonable at
   * any point, and safe to run on a cadence.
@@ -786,12 +772,12 @@ export abstract class Table {
   * "why is my fresh-tier vector search brute-force". Mutates no table state.
   *
   * Resolves to `undefined` only when the LSM write path is not enabled.
-   * @param {boolean} includeSstableRows Also count rows per SSTable.
+   * @param {boolean} includeGenerationRows Also count rows per L0 generation.
   *   Off by default because each count opens an uncached Lance dataset.
   * @returns {Promise<LsmStats | undefined>}
   */
  abstract getLsmStats(
-    includeSstableRows?: boolean,
+    includeGenerationRows?: boolean,
  ): Promise<LsmStats | undefined>;
  /** Retrieve the version of the table */

@@ -989,11 +975,10 @@ export class LocalTable extends Table {
    return this.inner.display();
  }

-  private async getEmbeddingFunctions(
-    inner: _NativeTable = this.inner,
-  ): Promise<Map<string, EmbeddingFunctionConfig>> {
-    const schemaBuf = await inner.schema();
-    const schema = tableFromIPC(schemaBuf).schema;
+  private async getEmbeddingFunctions(): Promise<
+    Map<string, EmbeddingFunctionConfig>
+  > {
+    const schema = await this.schema();
    const registry = getRegistry();
    return registry.parseFunctions(schema.metadata);
  }
@@ -1175,7 +1160,7 @@ export class LocalTable extends Table {
    query: string | IntoVector | MultiVector | FullTextQuery,
    queryType: string = "auto",
    ftsColumns?: string | string[],
-  ): VectorQuery | Query | AutoQuery {
+  ): VectorQuery | Query {
    if (typeof query !== "string" && !instanceOfFullTextQuery(query)) {
      if (queryType === "fts") {
        throw new Error("Cannot perform full text search on a vector query");
@@ -1190,28 +1175,14 @@ export class LocalTable extends Table {
      });
    }

-    if (queryType === "auto") {
-      if (instanceOfFullTextQuery(query)) {
-        return this.query().fullTextSearch(query, {
-          columns: ftsColumns,
-        });
-      }
-
-      const columns =
-        typeof ftsColumns === "string" ? [ftsColumns] : (ftsColumns ?? null);
-      return createAutoQuery(this.inner, query, columns, async (metadata) => {
-        const functions = await getRegistry().parseFunctions(
-          new Map([["embedding_functions", metadata]]),
-        );
-        // TODO: Support multiple embedding functions
-        const embeddingFunc: EmbeddingFunctionConfig | undefined = functions
-          .values()
-          .next().value;
-        // The route only calls this callback when embedding metadata exists.
-        // parseFunctions either yields a provider or reports malformed metadata.
-        if (!embeddingFunc)
-          throw new Error("Invalid embedding function metadata");
-        return await embeddingFunc.function.computeQueryEmbeddings(query);
+    // The query type is auto or vector
+    // fall back to full text search if no embedding functions are defined and the query is a string
+    if (
+      queryType === "auto" &&
+      (getRegistry().length() === 0 || instanceOfFullTextQuery(query))
+    ) {
+      return this.query().fullTextSearch(query, {
+        columns: ftsColumns,
      });
    }

@@ -1388,9 +1359,9 @@ export class LocalTable extends Table {
  }

  async getLsmStats(
-    includeSstableRows: boolean = false,
+    includeGenerationRows: boolean = false,
  ): Promise<LsmStats | undefined> {
-    return (await this.inner.getLsmStats(includeSstableRows)) ?? undefined;
+    return (await this.inner.getLsmStats(includeGenerationRows)) ?? undefined;
  }

  async version(): Promise<number> {
@@ -1567,8 +1538,7 @@ export interface FieldMetadataUpdate {
  path: string;
  /**
   * Metadata key/value pairs. Merged into the field's existing metadata by
-   * default; a value of `null` deletes that key. See
-   * {@link Table.updateFieldMetadata} for the conventional `lancedb:*` keys.
+   * default; a value of `null` deletes that key.
   */
  metadata: Record<string, string | null>;
  /** If true, replace the field's entire metadata map instead of merging. */
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-darwin-arm64",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+	"version": "0.38.0-beta.7",
 	"os": ["darwin"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.darwin-arm64.node",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+	"version": "0.38.0-beta.7",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-gnu.node",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-musl",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+	"version": "0.38.0-beta.7",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-musl.node",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+	"version": "0.38.0-beta.7",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-gnu.node",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-musl",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+	"version": "0.38.0-beta.7",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-musl.node",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-arm64-msvc",
-  "version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+  "version": "0.38.0-beta.7",
  "os": [
    "win32"
  ],
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-x64-msvc",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+	"version": "0.38.0-beta.7",
 	"os": ["win32"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.win32-x64-msvc.node",
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
  "name": "@lancedb/lancedb",
-  "version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+  "version": "0.38.0-beta.6",
  "lockfileVersion": 3,
  "requires": true,
  "packages": {
    "": {
      "name": "@lancedb/lancedb",
-      "version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+      "version": "0.38.0-beta.6",
      "cpu": [
        "x64",
        "arm64"
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
    "ann"
  ],
  "private": false,
-  "version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+  "version": "0.38.0-beta.7",
  "main": "dist/index.js",
  "exports": {
    ".": "./dist/index.js",
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ use lancedb::connection::{ConnectBuilder, Connection as LanceDBConnection, conne

 use lance_namespace::models::{
    CreateNamespaceRequest, DescribeNamespaceRequest, DropNamespaceRequest, ListNamespacesRequest,
-    ListTablesRequest,
 };
 use lancedb::ipc::{ipc_file_to_batches, ipc_file_to_schema};

@@ -37,12 +36,6 @@ pub struct ListNamespacesResponse {
    pub page_token: Option<String>,
 }

-#[napi(object)]
-pub struct ListTablesResponse {
-    pub tables: Vec<String>,
-    pub page_token: Option<String>,
-}
-
 #[napi(object)]
 pub struct CreateNamespaceResponse {
    pub properties: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
@@ -213,33 +206,6 @@ impl Connection {
        op.execute().await.default_error()
    }

-    /// List a page of tables in the database.
-    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
-    pub async fn list_tables(
-        &self,
-        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
-        page_token: Option<String>,
-        limit: Option<u32>,
-    ) -> napi::Result<ListTablesResponse> {
-        let request = ListTablesRequest {
-            // The root namespace is an empty path, not an absent one: a namespace-backed
-            // database rejects a request that names no namespace.
-            id: Some(namespace_path.unwrap_or_default()),
-            page_token,
-            limit: limit.map(|limit| i32::try_from(limit).unwrap_or(i32::MAX)),
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let response = self
-            .get_inner()?
-            .list_tables(request)
-            .await
-            .default_error()?;
-        Ok(ListTablesResponse {
-            tables: response.tables,
-            page_token: response.page_token,
-        })
-    }
-
    /// Create table from a Apache Arrow IPC (file) buffer.
    ///
    /// Parameters:
@@ -278,13 +278,6 @@ impl Table {
        Ok(Query::new(self.inner_ref()?.query()))
    }

-    /// Return a read-only table handle pinned to the current query revision.
-    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
-    pub async fn query_snapshot(&self) -> napi::Result<Self> {
-        let snapshot = self.inner_ref()?.query_snapshot().await.default_error()?;
-        Ok(Self::new(snapshot))
-    }
-
    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
    pub fn take_offsets(&self, offsets: Vec<i64>) -> napi::Result<TakeQuery> {
        Ok(TakeQuery::new(
@@ -542,11 +535,11 @@ impl Table {
    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
    pub async fn get_lsm_stats(
        &self,
-        include_sstable_rows: bool,
+        include_generation_rows: bool,
    ) -> napi::Result<Option<LsmStats>> {
        let stats = self
            .inner_ref()?
-            .get_lsm_stats(include_sstable_rows)
+            .get_lsm_stats(include_generation_rows)
            .await
            .default_error()?;
        Ok(stats.map(LsmStats::from))
@@ -561,12 +554,6 @@ impl Table {
            .default_error()
    }

-    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
-    pub async fn checkout_current(&self) -> napi::Result<Self> {
-        let table = self.inner_ref()?.checkout_current().await.default_error()?;
-        Ok(Self::new(table))
-    }
-
    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
    pub async fn checkout(&self, version: i64) -> napi::Result<()> {
        self.inner_ref()?
@@ -950,21 +937,21 @@ impl From<lancedb::table::LsmWriteSpec> for LsmWriteSpec {
    }
 }

-/// One SSTable.
+/// One flushed L0 generation.
 #[napi(object)]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct SsTableStats {
-    /// The generation number. Increases as memtables are frozen into SSTables.
+pub struct GenerationStats {
+    /// The generation number. Increases as memtables are sealed into L0.
    pub generation: i64,
-    /// On-disk size of the SSTable.
+    /// On-disk size of the generation.
    pub bytes: i64,
-    /// Present only when `includeSstableRows` was requested. Off by default
+    /// Present only when `includeGenerationRows` was requested. Off by default
    /// because each count opens an uncached Lance dataset.
    pub rows: Option<i64>,
 }

-impl From<lancedb::table::SsTableStats> for SsTableStats {
-    fn from(g: lancedb::table::SsTableStats) -> Self {
+impl From<lancedb::table::GenerationStats> for GenerationStats {
+    fn from(g: lancedb::table::GenerationStats) -> Self {
        Self {
            generation: g.generation as i64,
            bytes: g.bytes as i64,
@@ -977,7 +964,7 @@ impl From<lancedb::table::SsTableStats> for SsTableStats {
 #[napi(object)]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct MemtableStats {
-    /// The generation this memtable will become once frozen.
+    /// The generation this memtable will become once sealed.
    pub generation: i64,
    /// Rows currently buffered.
    pub rows: i64,
@@ -1002,13 +989,13 @@ impl From<lancedb::table::MemtableStats> for MemtableStats {
    }
 }

-/// Live state of one table shard. A table is N table shards on one node; flattening to a
-/// single number hides the one hot table shard that is usually why someone opened
+/// Live state of one bucket. A table is N buckets on one node; flattening to a
+/// single number hides the one hot bucket that is usually why someone opened
 /// this endpoint.
 #[napi(object)]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct TableShardStats {
-    /// The shard this table shard writes.
+pub struct BucketStats {
+    /// The shard this bucket writes.
    pub shard_id: String,
    /// `"Active"` or `"Sealed"` (drop-table 2PC in flight).
    pub status: String,
@@ -1023,20 +1010,20 @@ pub struct TableShardStats {
    /// Highest WAL position the writer has seen. The difference against
    /// `replayAfterWalEntryPosition` is the WAL lag.
    pub wal_entry_position_last_seen: i64,
-    /// SSTables not yet merged into the base table.
-    pub sstables: Vec<SsTableStats>,
-    /// Whether a pass owns this table shard's compaction latch right now. Says *a*
+    /// Flushed L0 generations not yet merged into the base table.
+    pub generations: Vec<GenerationStats>,
+    /// Whether a pass owns this bucket's compaction latch right now. Says *a*
    /// driver is running, not *whose*, and the latch is held from dispatch —
    /// including while the pass queues for a pod-wide compactor permit. Read it
    /// as "do not pile on", never as "mine is progressing".
    pub compacting: bool,
-    /// Oldest first, active last. Absent for a `"Sealed"` table shard, whose
+    /// Oldest first, active last. Absent for a `"Sealed"` bucket, whose
    /// in-memory state is torn down.
    pub memtables: Option<Vec<MemtableStats>>,
 }

-impl From<lancedb::table::TableShardStats> for TableShardStats {
-    fn from(b: lancedb::table::TableShardStats) -> Self {
+impl From<lancedb::table::BucketStats> for BucketStats {
+    fn from(b: lancedb::table::BucketStats) -> Self {
        Self {
            shard_id: b.shard_id,
            status: b.status,
@@ -1045,7 +1032,7 @@ impl From<lancedb::table::TableShardStats> for TableShardStats {
            current_generation: b.current_generation as i64,
            replay_after_wal_entry_position: b.replay_after_wal_entry_position as i64,
            wal_entry_position_last_seen: b.wal_entry_position_last_seen as i64,
-            sstables: b.sstables.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
+            generations: b.generations.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
            compacting: b.compacting,
            memtables: b
                .memtables
@@ -1054,21 +1041,21 @@ impl From<lancedb::table::TableShardStats> for TableShardStats {
    }
 }

-/// Live per-table-shard LSM state, as returned by `Table#getLsmStats`.
+/// Live per-bucket LSM state, as returned by `Table#getLsmStats`.
 ///
-/// Nothing here is derived: sums and differences (total SSTable bytes, WAL lag) are
+/// Nothing here is derived: sums and differences (total L0 bytes, WAL lag) are
 /// the caller's to compute.
 #[napi(object)]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct LsmStats {
-    /// One entry per table shard backing this table.
-    pub table_shards: Vec<TableShardStats>,
+    /// One entry per bucket backing this table.
+    pub buckets: Vec<BucketStats>,
 }

 impl From<lancedb::table::LsmStats> for LsmStats {
    fn from(stats: lancedb::table::LsmStats) -> Self {
        Self {
-            table_shards: stats.table_shards.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
+            buckets: stats.buckets.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
        }
    }
 }
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-python"
-version = "0.38.0-beta.11"
+version = "0.38.0-beta.7"
 publish = false
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "Python bindings for LanceDB"
@@ -101,12 +101,9 @@ azure = ["adlfs>=2024.2.0"]
 [tool.maturin]
 python-source = "python"
 module-name = "lancedb._lancedb"
-# uv installs the project as an editable package before `uv run`, so keep that
-# bootstrap build consistent with `maturin develop`.
-editable-profile = "dev"

 [build-system]
-requires = ["maturin>=1.10"]
+requires = ["maturin>=1.9.4"]
 build-backend = "maturin"

 [tool.ruff.lint]
@@ -179,18 +179,6 @@ def connect(
    ...     },
    ... )

-    For Azure Blob Storage, credentials can be passed directly without setting
-    environment variables:
-
-    >>> azure_storage_options = {
-    ...     "account_name": "some-account",
-    ...     "account_key": "some-key",
-    ... }
-    >>> db = lancedb.connect(  # doctest: +SKIP
-    ...     "az://my-container/my-database",
-    ...     storage_options=azure_storage_options,
-    ... )
-
    For tests and temporary data, use an in-memory database:

    >>> db = lancedb.connect("memory://")
@@ -477,10 +465,6 @@ async def connect_async(
    --------

    >>> import lancedb
-    >>> azure_storage_options = {
-    ...     "account_name": "some-account",
-    ...     "account_key": "some-key",
-    ... }
    >>> async def doctest_example():
    ...     # For a local directory, provide a path to the database
    ...     db = await lancedb.connect_async("~/.lancedb")
@@ -488,11 +472,6 @@ async def connect_async(
    ...     db = await lancedb.connect_async("s3://my-bucket/lancedb",
    ...                                      storage_options={
    ...                                          "aws_access_key_id": "***"})
-    ...     # Azure credentials can also be passed directly
-    ...     db = await lancedb.connect_async(
-    ...         "az://my-container/my-database",
-    ...         storage_options=azure_storage_options,
-    ...     )
    ...     # For tests and temporary data, use an in-memory database
    ...     db = await lancedb.connect_async("memory://")
    ...     # Connect to LanceDB cloud
@@ -270,8 +270,7 @@ def _iter_projection_pairs(
            if isinstance(expr, str):
                yield name, expr
            elif isinstance(expr, Expr):
-                source = expr._column_name()
-                yield name, source if source is not None else expr.to_sql()
+                yield name, expr.to_sql()
        return
    for column in projection:
        if isinstance(column, str):
@@ -281,8 +280,7 @@ def _iter_projection_pairs(
            if isinstance(expr, str):
                yield name, expr
            elif isinstance(expr, Expr):
-                source = expr._column_name()
-                yield name, source if source is not None else expr.to_sql()
+                yield name, expr.to_sql()


 def _set_blob_column(tbl: pa.Table, output_name: str, blobs: pa.Array) -> pa.Table:
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ class PyExpr:
    def contains(self, substr: "PyExpr") -> "PyExpr": ...
    def isin(self, values: List["PyExpr"]) -> "PyExpr": ...
    def cast(self, data_type: pa.DataType) -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def column_name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
    def to_sql(self) -> str: ...

 def expr_col(name: str) -> PyExpr: ...
@@ -284,7 +283,6 @@ class Table:
        mode: Literal["append", "overwrite"],
        progress: Optional[Any] = None,
        write_parallelism: Optional[int] = None,
-        allow_external_blob_outside_bases: bool = False,
    ) -> AddResult: ...
    async def update(
        self, updates: Dict[str, str], where: Optional[str]
@@ -385,7 +383,7 @@ class Table:
    async def checkpoint_lsm(self) -> None: ...
    async def flush_lsm(self) -> None: ...
    async def compact_lsm(self) -> None: ...
-    async def get_lsm_stats(self, include_sstable_rows: bool) -> Optional[dict]: ...
+    async def get_lsm_stats(self, include_generation_rows: bool) -> Optional[dict]: ...
    async def close_lsm_writers(self) -> None: ...
    @property
    def tags(self) -> Tags: ...
@@ -609,7 +607,6 @@ class PyQueryRequest:
    filter: Optional[Union[str, bytes]]
    full_text_search: Optional[FullTextQuery]
    select: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]]
-    select_source_columns: Optional[Dict[str, str]]
    fast_search: Optional[bool]
    with_row_id: Optional[bool]
    use_lsm: Optional[bool]
@@ -249,10 +249,6 @@ class Expr:

    # ── utilities ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

-    def _column_name(self) -> str | None:
-        """Return the source name when this is a bare column expression."""
-        return self._inner.column_name()
-
    def to_sql(self) -> str:
        """Render the expression as a SQL string (useful for debugging)."""
        return self._inner.to_sql()
@@ -316,7 +312,7 @@ def func(name: str, *args: ExprLike) -> Expr:
    --------
    >>> from lancedb.expr import col, func
    >>> func("lower", col("name"))
-    Expr(lower(`name`))
+    Expr(lower(name))
    """
    inner_args = [_coerce(a)._inner for a in args]
    return Expr(expr_func(name, inner_args))
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 """Canonical Function values exchanged with LanceDB Enterprise services.

 These immutable models contain client/wire state only. Catalog persistence,
-environment bake, and execution are owned by Sophon.
+environment bake, secret resolution, and execution are owned by Sophon.
 ``RefreshColumnResult`` is also the backend-neutral result of a local
 expression-backed refresh job.
 """
@@ -12,19 +12,17 @@ expression-backed refresh job.
 from __future__ import annotations

 import ast
-import builtins
 import base64
 import functools
 import hashlib
-import importlib
 import inspect
-import symtable
 import json
 import math
 import re
 import sys
 import textwrap
 import types
+import uuid
 from collections.abc import Mapping
 from datetime import date, datetime
 from typing import (
@@ -222,14 +220,13 @@ class PythonEnvironmentSpec(_RemoteValue):

    kind: str
    packages: tuple[str, ...] = ()
-    channels: tuple[str, ...] = ()
    path: Optional[str] = None
    modules: tuple[str, ...] = ()
    image: Optional[str] = None


 class PythonRuntimeSpec(_RemoteValue):
-    """Remote runtime definition with environment values.
+    """Remote runtime definition with non-secret environment values.

    V1 supports ``kind="python"``. Newer runtime kinds remain readable, while
    their unknown payload fields are intentionally not retained by the client.
@@ -268,6 +265,7 @@ class FunctionVersion(_RemoteValue):
    runtime: PythonRuntimeSpec
    runtime_digest: str
    environment_digest: str
+    required_secrets: tuple[str, ...] = ()
    created_at: str

    def __call__(self, **inputs: Any) -> FunctionApplication:
@@ -275,7 +273,7 @@ class FunctionVersion(_RemoteValue):

        Every input must be a direct [lancedb.col][lancedb.expr.col]
        reference. The returned application is immutable and retains a
-        named-struct output as one binding, so every row's sibling values
+        named-struct output as one sibling group, so every row's sibling values
        come from one logical Function evaluation. Map result fields to table
        columns with
        [FunctionApplication.rename][lancedb.functions.FunctionApplication.rename],
@@ -325,16 +323,22 @@ class FunctionVersion(_RemoteValue):
            function=FunctionVersionRef(name=self.name, version=self.version),
            inputs=tuple(bindings),
            output=self.signature.output,
+            group_id=f"fg_{uuid.uuid4().hex}",
        )


 class FunctionRegistrationRequest(_RemoteValue):
-    """Stable remote registration envelope produced by :func:`udf`."""
+    """Stable remote registration envelope produced by :func:`udf`.
+
+    Only secret names are represented. Secret values are resolved inside the
+    remote service and have no client request field.
+    """

    name: str
    artifact: FunctionArtifactRequest
    signature: FunctionSignature
    runtime: PythonRuntimeSpec
+    required_secrets: tuple[str, ...] = ()


 class FunctionVersionRef(_OpenRemoteValue):
@@ -363,7 +367,7 @@ class ApplicationInput(_OpenRemoteValue):
 class FunctionApplication(_OpenRemoteValue):
    """Immutable pre-declaration application of an exact Function version.

-    A named-struct output remains one application through table
+    A named-struct output remains one grouped application through table
    declaration and execution.
    [FunctionApplication.rename][lancedb.functions.FunctionApplication.rename]
    records the result-field to table-column mapping without splitting sibling
@@ -373,6 +377,7 @@ class FunctionApplication(_OpenRemoteValue):
    function: FunctionVersionRef
    inputs: tuple[ApplicationInput, ...]
    output: FunctionOutput
+    group_id: str
    columns: Mapping[str, str] = Field(default_factory=dict)

    def _known_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -444,10 +449,12 @@ class OutputMapping(_RemoteValue):


 class FunctionBinding(_RemoteValue):
-    """Immutable Function binding persisted by the Enterprise table service."""
+    """Immutable grouped binding persisted by the Enterprise table service."""

    binding_id: str
+    revision: _UInt64
    function: FunctionVersionRef
+    group_id: str
    inputs: tuple[InputBinding, ...]
    outputs: tuple[OutputMapping, ...]
    input_schema: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None
@@ -479,60 +486,62 @@ class RefreshColumnResult(_RemoteValue):


 _FUNCTION_NAME = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_.-]*$")
-
-
-_GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES = (
-    (pa.bool_(), "bool"),
-    (pa.int8(), "int8"),
-    (pa.int16(), "int16"),
-    (pa.int32(), "int32"),
-    (pa.int64(), "int64"),
-    (pa.uint8(), "uint8"),
-    (pa.uint16(), "uint16"),
-    (pa.uint32(), "uint32"),
-    (pa.uint64(), "uint64"),
-    (pa.float16(), "float16"),
-    (pa.float32(), "float32"),
-    (pa.float64(), "float64"),
-    (pa.string(), "utf8"),
-    (pa.binary(), "binary"),
-    (pa.date32(), "date32"),
-    (pa.date64(), "date64"),
-)
+_SECRET_NAME = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$")


 def _canonical_arrow_type(data_type: pa.DataType) -> str:
-    """The server's V1 Function type grammar. Anything outside it is rejected
-    here rather than at registration."""
-    for candidate, name in _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES:
+    primitive_types = (
+        (pa.bool_(), "bool"),
+        (pa.int8(), "int8"),
+        (pa.int16(), "int16"),
+        (pa.int32(), "int32"),
+        (pa.int64(), "int64"),
+        (pa.uint8(), "uint8"),
+        (pa.uint16(), "uint16"),
+        (pa.uint32(), "uint32"),
+        (pa.uint64(), "uint64"),
+        (pa.float16(), "float16"),
+        (pa.float32(), "float32"),
+        (pa.float64(), "float64"),
+        (pa.string(), "utf8"),
+        (pa.large_utf8(), "large_utf8"),
+        (pa.binary(), "binary"),
+        (pa.large_binary(), "large_binary"),
+        (pa.date32(), "date32"),
+        (pa.date64(), "date64"),
+    )
+    for candidate, name in primitive_types:
        if data_type == candidate:
            return name
-    if pa.types.is_list(data_type) or pa.types.is_large_list(data_type):
-        prefix = "list" if pa.types.is_list(data_type) else "large_list"
-        return f"{prefix}<{_canonical_list_item(data_type)}>"
-    if pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(data_type) and data_type.list_size > 0:
+    if pa.types.is_fixed_size_binary(data_type):
+        return f"fixed_size_binary[{data_type.byte_width}]"
+    if pa.types.is_list(data_type):
+        return f"list<{_canonical_arrow_type(data_type.value_type)}>"
+    if pa.types.is_large_list(data_type):
+        return f"large_list<{_canonical_arrow_type(data_type.value_type)}>"
+    if pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(data_type):
        return (
-            f"fixed_size_list<{_canonical_list_item(data_type)}, {data_type.list_size}>"
+            f"fixed_size_list<{_canonical_arrow_type(data_type.value_type)}>"
+            f"[{data_type.list_size}]"
        )
+    if pa.types.is_struct(data_type):
+        fields = ",".join(
+            f"{field.name}:{_canonical_arrow_type(field.type)}" for field in data_type
+        )
+        return f"struct<{fields}>"
+    if pa.types.is_timestamp(data_type):
+        timezone = f",tz={data_type.tz}" if data_type.tz is not None else ""
+        return f"timestamp[{data_type.unit}{timezone}]"
+    if pa.types.is_time32(data_type) or pa.types.is_time64(data_type):
+        return f"time[{data_type.unit}]"
+    if pa.types.is_duration(data_type):
+        return f"duration[{data_type.unit}]"
+    if pa.types.is_decimal(data_type):
+        bit_width = data_type.bit_width
+        return f"decimal{bit_width}({data_type.precision},{data_type.scale})"
    raise TypeError(f"unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: {data_type}")


-def _canonical_list_item(data_type: pa.DataType) -> str:
-    """The grammar names only the item type; it always means a non-nullable
-    child called `item`, so any other child metadata cannot be represented."""
-    child = data_type.value_field
-    if child.name != "item" or child.nullable or child.metadata:
-        raise TypeError(
-            "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: list items must be a "
-            f"non-nullable field named 'item', got {child}"
-        )
-    return _canonical_arrow_type(child.type)
-
-
-def _list_of(item: pa.DataType) -> pa.DataType:
-    return pa.list_(pa.field("item", item, nullable=False))
-
-
 def _annotation_type(annotation: Any) -> tuple[pa.DataType, bool]:
    nullable = False
    origin = get_origin(annotation)
@@ -580,7 +589,7 @@ def _annotation_type(annotation: Any) -> tuple[pa.DataType, bool]:
        value_type, value_nullable = _annotation_type(arguments[0])
        if value_nullable:
            raise TypeError("nullable Function list elements are not supported")
-        return _list_of(value_type), nullable
+        return pa.list_(value_type), nullable
    raise TypeError(f"unsupported Function annotation: {annotation!r}")


@@ -727,104 +736,6 @@ def _literal_source(value: Any) -> str:
    )


-_DYNAMIC_NAMESPACE_ACCESS = frozenset(
-    {"globals", "locals", "vars", "eval", "exec", "compile", "__import__"}
-)
-# Modules that hand out namespaces (`sys.modules`, `builtins`, importers,
-# introspection). The artifact's module namespace holds only the names it was
-# packaged with, so reaching around it cannot be represented.
-_NAMESPACE_MODULES = frozenset(
-    {"sys", "builtins", "importlib", "inspect", "gc", "ctypes", "types"}
-)
-
-
-def _namespace_acquisition(
-    definition: ast.FunctionDef, references: set[str]
-) -> list[str]:
-    found = set(references & _DYNAMIC_NAMESPACE_ACCESS)
-    for node in ast.walk(definition):
-        if isinstance(node, ast.Import):
-            found.update(
-                alias.name
-                for alias in node.names
-                if alias.name.split(".")[0] in _NAMESPACE_MODULES
-            )
-        elif isinstance(node, ast.ImportFrom) and node.module:
-            if node.module.split(".")[0] in _NAMESPACE_MODULES:
-                found.add(node.module)
-    return sorted(found)
-
-
-def _module_references(module_source: str) -> set[str]:
-    """Names any scope in `module_source` binds or loads at module scope.
-    Python's own scope analysis on the exact text that ships: free variables
-    belong to an enclosing scope inside the function, and postponed
-    annotations are not runtime loads."""
-
-    def visit(table: symtable.SymbolTable, found: set[str]) -> None:
-        for symbol in table.get_symbols():
-            if symbol.is_global() and (
-                symbol.is_referenced() or symbol.is_declared_global()
-            ):
-                found.add(symbol.get_name())
-        for child in table.get_children():
-            visit(child, found)
-
-    found: set[str] = set()
-    for table in symtable.symtable(module_source, "<udf>", "exec").get_children():
-        visit(table, found)
-    return found
-
-
-def _global_source(name: str, value: Any) -> str:
-    """One module-level line that rebinds `name` to `value` in the artifact:
-    an import for modules and importable classes/functions, a literal otherwise."""
-    if isinstance(value, types.ModuleType):
-        if value.__name__.split(".")[0] in _NAMESPACE_MODULES:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"@udf cannot package dynamic namespace access: {value.__name__!r}"
-            )
-        try:
-            imported = importlib.import_module(value.__name__)
-        except ImportError:
-            imported = None
-        if imported is not value:
-            raise TypeError(
-                f"Function source references module {name!r} that does not import "
-                f"as {value.__name__!r}"
-            )
-        return f"import {value.__name__} as {name}"
-    module_name = getattr(value, "__module__", None)
-    qualname = getattr(value, "__qualname__", None)
-    if (
-        isinstance(module_name, str)
-        and isinstance(qualname, str)
-        and module_name != "__main__"
-        and "." not in qualname
-        and "<" not in qualname
-    ):
-        try:
-            imported = getattr(importlib.import_module(module_name), qualname)
-        except (ImportError, AttributeError):
-            imported = None
-        if imported is value:
-            return f"from {module_name} import {qualname} as {name}"
-    return f"{name} = {_literal_source(value)}"
-
-
-def _is_recursive_reference(function: Callable[..., Any], name: str) -> bool:
-    """`name` inside the body means the function itself unless the module has
-    since bound it to something else."""
-    if name != function.__name__:
-        return False
-    bound = function.__globals__.get(name, function)
-    if bound is function:
-        return True
-    # The decorator's own result is the one wrapper known to call `function`
-    # unchanged; any other binding may behave differently from a self-call.
-    return type(bound) is UdfDefinition and bound._function is function
-
-
 def _package_source(function: Callable[..., Any]) -> bytes:
    if not inspect.isfunction(function) or inspect.iscoroutinefunction(function):
        raise TypeError("@udf requires a synchronous Python function")
@@ -849,46 +760,23 @@ def _package_source(function: Callable[..., Any]) -> bytes:
    closure = inspect.getclosurevars(function)
    if closure.nonlocals:
        raise ValueError("@udf cannot package functions that capture closure values")
-    function_source = ast.unparse(definition)
-    module_header = "from __future__ import annotations"
-    references = _module_references(f"{module_header}\n\n{function_source}\n")
-    dynamic = _namespace_acquisition(definition, references)
-    if dynamic:
-        raise ValueError(f"@udf cannot package dynamic namespace access: {dynamic!r}")
-    # Resolve every module-scope reference the way the interpreter would: the
-    # function's own globals first (a module global may shadow a builtin, and
-    # nested scopes are not visible to getclosurevars), then its builtins.
-    # The artifact runs under the standard builtins; only the exact mapping is
-    # provably equivalent (a subclass or copy can change lookups and hooks).
-    if function.__builtins__ is not vars(builtins):
-        raise ValueError("@udf cannot package a non-standard builtins environment")
-    globals_source = []
-    unresolved = []
-    for name in sorted(references):
-        if name == function.__name__:
-            if not _is_recursive_reference(function, name):
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"@udf cannot package {name!r}: the module binds that name to "
-                    "another value, which the artifact's own definition would shadow"
-                )
-            continue
-        if name in function.__globals__:
-            globals_source.append(_global_source(name, function.__globals__[name]))
-        elif hasattr(builtins, name):
-            pass
-        else:
-            unresolved.append(name)
-    if unresolved:
+    if closure.unbound:
        raise ValueError(
-            f"@udf source contains unresolved global names: {unresolved!r}"
+            f"@udf source contains unresolved global names: {sorted(closure.unbound)!r}"
        )
+    globals_source = []
+    for name, value in sorted(closure.globals.items()):
+        if isinstance(value, types.ModuleType):
+            globals_source.append(f"import {value.__name__} as {name}")
+        else:
+            globals_source.append(f"{name} = {_literal_source(value)}")

-    parts = [module_header]
+    function_source = ast.unparse(definition)
+    parts = ["from __future__ import annotations"]
    if globals_source:
        parts.extend(["", *globals_source])
    parts.extend(["", function_source, ""])
-    packaged = "\n".join(parts)
-    return packaged.encode("utf-8")
+    return "\n".join(parts).encode("utf-8")


 class UdfDefinition:
@@ -909,32 +797,33 @@ class UdfDefinition:
        output_schema: Optional[pa.DataType | pa.Field | pa.Schema],
        pip: tuple[str, ...],
        env: Mapping[str, str],
+        secrets: tuple[str, ...],
        python_version: Optional[str],
-        conda: tuple[str, ...] = (),
-        conda_channels: tuple[str, ...] = (),
    ):
        function_name = name or function.__name__
        if not _FUNCTION_NAME.fullmatch(function_name):
            raise ValueError(f"invalid Function name: {function_name!r}")
-        if pip and conda:
-            raise ValueError("a Function environment is pip or conda, not both")
-        if conda_channels and not conda:
-            raise ValueError("conda_channels requires conda packages")
-        packages = tuple(sorted(set(conda if conda else pip)))
+        packages = tuple(sorted(set(pip)))
        if any(not package or package != package.strip() for package in packages):
-            raise ValueError("package requirements must be non-empty and trimmed")
-        if conda:
-            environment_spec = PythonEnvironmentSpec(
-                kind="conda", packages=packages, channels=tuple(conda_channels)
-            )
-        else:
-            environment_spec = PythonEnvironmentSpec(kind="pip", packages=packages)
+            raise ValueError("pip requirements must be non-empty and trimmed")
        environment = dict(env)
        if any(
            not isinstance(key, str) or not isinstance(value, str)
            for key, value in environment.items()
        ):
            raise TypeError("Function env keys and values must be strings")
+        required_secrets = tuple(sorted(set(secrets)))
+        invalid_secrets = [
+            secret for secret in required_secrets if not _SECRET_NAME.fullmatch(secret)
+        ]
+        if invalid_secrets:
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid Function secret names: {invalid_secrets!r}")
+        overlap = set(environment) & set(required_secrets)
+        if overlap:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Function env and secret names must be disjoint: {sorted(overlap)!r}"
+            )
+
        signature = _infer_signature(function, input_schema, output_schema)
        source = _package_source(function)
        digest = f"sha256:{hashlib.sha256(source).hexdigest()}"
@@ -942,7 +831,7 @@ class UdfDefinition:
            kind="python",
            python_version=python_version
            or f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}",
-            environment=environment_spec,
+            environment=PythonEnvironmentSpec(kind="pip", packages=packages),
            env=environment,
        )
        self._function = function
@@ -963,6 +852,7 @@ class UdfDefinition:
            ),
            signature=signature,
            runtime=runtime,
+            required_secrets=required_secrets,
        )
        functools.update_wrapper(self, function)

@@ -988,9 +878,8 @@ def udf(
    output_schema: Optional[pa.DataType | pa.Field | pa.Schema] = None,
    pip: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
    env: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
+    secrets: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
    python_version: Optional[str] = None,
-    conda: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
-    conda_channels: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
 ) -> Callable[[Callable[..., Any]], UdfDefinition]: ...


@@ -1002,9 +891,8 @@ def udf(
    output_schema: Optional[pa.DataType | pa.Field | pa.Schema] = None,
    pip: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
    env: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
+    secrets: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
    python_version: Optional[str] = None,
-    conda: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
-    conda_channels: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
 ):
    """Prepare a scalar Python callable for remote Function registration.

@@ -1027,22 +915,14 @@ def udf(
        provided together with ``input_schema``.
    pip : sequence of str, optional
        Pip requirements for the remote environment.
-    conda : sequence of str, optional
-        Conda packages for the remote environment, instead of ``pip``.
-    conda_channels : sequence of str, optional
-        Conda channels in priority order; requires ``conda``.
    env : mapping of str to str, optional
-        Environment variables included in the Function definition.
+        Non-secret environment variables. Use ``secrets`` for credentials.
+    secrets : sequence of str, optional
+        Names of secrets resolved by the remote service. Secret values are not
+        accepted by this API or included in the registration request.
    python_version : str, optional
        Remote Python major/minor version. Defaults to the client version.

-    The packaged artifact is a snapshot: the function source plus exactly
-    the module-level names it references (modules as imports, importable
-    classes and functions as imports, literals inline). Code that reaches the
-    module namespace another way -- ``globals()``/``eval``, ``sys.modules``,
-    ``builtins`` -- is rejected where it can be seen and otherwise
-    unsupported; closures and a non-standard ``__builtins__`` are rejected.
-
    Returns
    -------
    UdfDefinition
@@ -1054,7 +934,7 @@ def udf(
    Examples
    --------
    >>> from lancedb import udf
-    >>> @udf(pip=["numpy==2.2.0"])
+    >>> @udf(pip=["numpy==2.2.0"], secrets=["MODEL_TOKEN"])
    ... def score(value: float) -> float:
    ...     return value * 2
    >>> score(1.5)
@@ -1069,9 +949,8 @@ def udf(
            output_schema=output_schema,
            pip=tuple(pip),
            env={} if env is None else env,
+            secrets=tuple(secrets),
            python_version=python_version,
-            conda=tuple(conda),
-            conda_channels=tuple(conda_channels),
        )

    if function is None:
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from typing import List, Literal, Optional
 from ._lancedb import (
    IndexConfig,
 )
-from .query import DocumentGranularity
 from .types import BaseTokenizerType

 lang_mapping = {
@@ -122,11 +121,6 @@ class FTS:

    >>> config = FTS(block_size=256)

-    Create an index that treats each deepest-list element as one document:
-
-    >>> from lancedb.query import DocumentGranularity
-    >>> config = FTS(document_granularity=DocumentGranularity.LIST_ELEMENT)
-
    Attributes
    ----------
    with_position : bool, default False
@@ -178,11 +172,6 @@ class FTS:
        roughly half of the available CPU cores. The effective value is
        limited by the available compute capacity. This build-only setting is
        not persisted with the index and does not apply to remote tables.
-    document_granularity : DocumentGranularity, default ROW
-        ``ROW`` treats the selected text in one table row as one document.
-        ``LIST_ELEMENT`` treats each element of the deepest list on the indexed
-        field path as one document and returns its physical coordinates in
-        ``_doc_index`` for matching queries.

    Notes
    -----
@@ -207,7 +196,6 @@ class FTS:
    custom_stop_words: Optional[List[str]] = None
    memory_limit: Optional[int] = None
    num_workers: Optional[int] = None
-    document_granularity: DocumentGranularity = DocumentGranularity.ROW


@dataclass
@@ -391,15 +391,6 @@ def _table_to_pickle_state(table: Table) -> dict[str, Any]:
    }


-def _drop_base_version(permutation_data: pa.Table) -> pa.Table:
-    """Strip the recorded base version so the reader leaves the base table unpinned."""
-    metadata = dict(permutation_data.schema.metadata or {})
-    if metadata.pop(b"base_version", None) is None:
-        return permutation_data
-    metadata.pop(b"base_branch", None)
-    return permutation_data.replace_schema_metadata(metadata)
-
-
 def _table_from_pickle_state(state: dict[str, Any]) -> Table:
    from . import connect

@@ -688,15 +679,11 @@ class Permutation:
        from . import connect

        connection_factory = state["connection_factory"]
-        rebuilt_base = False
        if connection_factory is not None:
            base_table = connection_factory(state["base_table_name"])
        elif "base_table_state" in state:
-            base_state = state["base_table_state"]
-            rebuilt_base = base_state["kind"] == "memory"
-            base_table = _table_from_pickle_state(base_state)
+            base_table = _table_from_pickle_state(state["base_table_state"])
        elif "base_table_data" in state:
-            rebuilt_base = True
            # In-memory base table inlined into the pickle; rebuild the same
            # way we rebuild the in-memory permutation table.
            mem_db = connect("memory://")
@@ -714,14 +701,11 @@ class Permutation:
            )

        permutation_table: Optional[Table] = None
-        permutation_data = state["permutation_data"]
-        if permutation_data is not None:
-            if rebuilt_base:
-                # The base table was materialized from Arrow, so it is a fresh
-                # single-version dataset and the recorded pin cannot resolve on it.
-                permutation_data = _drop_base_version(permutation_data)
+        if state["permutation_data"] is not None:
            mem_db = connect("memory://")
-            permutation_table = mem_db.create_table("permutation", permutation_data)
+            permutation_table = mem_db.create_table(
+                "permutation", state["permutation_data"]
+            )

        self.base_table = base_table
        self.permutation_table = permutation_table
@@ -167,12 +167,6 @@ def _projection_to_scanner_kwargs(columns: QueryProjection) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    return {"columns": projection}


-def _query_request_projection(req: "PyQueryRequest") -> QueryProjection:
-    if req.select_source_columns is not None:
-        return req.select_source_columns
-    return req.select
-
-
 def _scanner_kwargs_for_query(
    query: Query,
    blob_mode: BlobMode,
@@ -381,13 +375,6 @@ class FullTextOperator(str, Enum):
    OR = "OR"


-class DocumentGranularity(str, Enum):
-    """The unit treated as one full-text-search document."""
-
-    ROW = "row"
-    LIST_ELEMENT = "list_element"
-
-
 class Occur(str, Enum):
    SHOULD = "SHOULD"
    MUST = "MUST"
@@ -491,10 +478,6 @@ class MatchQuery(FullTextQuery):
    prefix_length : int, optional
        The number of beginning characters being unchanged for fuzzy matching.
        This is useful to achieve prefix matching.
-    document_granularity : DocumentGranularity, optional
-        Explicitly select row or deepest-list-element documents. If omitted,
-        the indexed granularity is inferred. When both granularities are indexed
-        for the field, this must be specified. With no index, row granularity is used.
    """

    query: str
@@ -504,9 +487,6 @@ class MatchQuery(FullTextQuery):
    max_expansions: int = pydantic.Field(50, kw_only=True)
    operator: FullTextOperator = pydantic.Field(FullTextOperator.OR, kw_only=True)
    prefix_length: int = pydantic.Field(0, kw_only=True)
-    document_granularity: Optional[DocumentGranularity] = pydantic.Field(
-        None, kw_only=True
-    )

    def query_type(self) -> FullTextQueryType:
        return FullTextQueryType.MATCH
@@ -523,20 +503,11 @@ class PhraseQuery(FullTextQuery):
        The query string to match against.
    column : str
        The name of the column to match against.
-    slop : int, default 0
-        The maximum number of intervening positions permitted in the phrase.
-    document_granularity : DocumentGranularity, optional
-        Explicitly select row or deepest-list-element documents. If omitted,
-        the indexed granularity is inferred. When both granularities are indexed
-        for the field, this must be specified. With no index, row granularity is used.
    """

    query: str
    column: str
    slop: int = pydantic.Field(0, kw_only=True)
-    document_granularity: Optional[DocumentGranularity] = pydantic.Field(
-        None, kw_only=True
-    )

    def query_type(self) -> FullTextQueryType:
        return FullTextQueryType.MATCH_PHRASE
@@ -2805,16 +2776,15 @@ class AsyncQueryBase(object):

        req = self._inner.to_query_request()
        schema = await self._table.schema()
-        projection = _query_request_projection(req)
        self._blob_auto_row_id = blob_auto_row_id_for_scan(
            schema,
-            projection,
+            req.select,
            with_row_id=self._with_row_id,
        )
        if not self._blob_auto_row_id:
            self._blob_paths = ()
            return
-        self._blob_paths = tuple(blob_v2_projection_sources(schema, projection).keys())
+        self._blob_paths = tuple(blob_v2_projection_sources(schema, req.select).keys())
        self._inner.with_row_id()

    def select(self, columns: Union[List[str], dict[str, str]]) -> Self:
@@ -3408,10 +3378,9 @@ class AsyncQuery(AsyncStandardQuery):
        pass in multiple vectors. When multiple vectors are passed in, if the vector
        column is with multivector type, then the vectors will be treated as a single
        query. Or the vectors will be treated as multiple queries, this can be useful
-        if you want to find the nearest vectors to multiple query vectors. Flat
-        searches share one table scan across the query vectors, avoiding the scan
-        and memory amplification of making multiple queries concurrently. If
-        multiple vectors are passed in then
+        if you want to find the nearest vectors to multiple query vectors.
+        This is not expected to be faster than making multiple queries concurrently;
+        it is just a convenience method. If multiple vectors are passed in then
        an additional column `query_index` will be added to the results. This column
        will contain the index of the query vector that the result is nearest to.
        """
@@ -3540,8 +3509,8 @@ class AsyncFTSQuery(AsyncStandardQuery):

        Typically, a single vector is passed in as the query. However, you can also
        pass in multiple vectors.  This can be useful if you want to find the nearest
-        vectors to multiple query vectors. Flat searches share one table scan across
-        the query vectors instead of issuing concurrent full scans.
+        vectors to multiple query vectors. This is not expected to be faster than
+        making multiple queries concurrently; it is just a convenience method.
        If multiple vectors are passed in then an additional column `query_index`
        will be added to the results.  This column will contain the index of the
        query vector that the result is nearest to.
@@ -3901,15 +3870,14 @@ class AsyncHybridQuery(AsyncStandardQuery, AsyncVectorQueryBase):
        blob_paths: tuple[str, ...] = ()
        if self._table is not None:
            schema = await self._table.schema()
-            projection = _query_request_projection(req)
            blob_auto_row_id = blob_auto_row_id_for_scan(
                schema,
-                projection,
+                req.select,
                with_row_id=self._with_row_id,
            )
            if blob_auto_row_id:
                blob_paths = tuple(
-                    blob_v2_projection_sources(schema, projection).keys()
+                    blob_v2_projection_sources(schema, req.select).keys()
                )
        self._blob_auto_row_id = blob_auto_row_id
        self._blob_paths = blob_paths
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ from lancedb._lancedb import (
    UpdateResult,
 )
 from lancedb.embeddings.base import EmbeddingFunctionConfig
-from lancedb.expr import Expr
 from lancedb.index import (
    FTS,
    BTree,
@@ -62,7 +61,6 @@ from lancedb.table import _normalize_progress

 from ..query import (
    AnalyzePlanDistributedMetrics,
-    DocumentGranularity,
    LanceQueryBuilder,
    LanceTakeQueryBuilder,
    LanceVectorQueryBuilder,
@@ -351,7 +349,6 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
        ngram_max_length: int = 3,
        prefix_only: bool = False,
        block_size: int = 128,
-        document_granularity: DocumentGranularity = DocumentGranularity.ROW,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """Create a full-text search index on a column.
@@ -374,7 +371,6 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
            ngram_max_length=ngram_max_length,
            prefix_only=prefix_only,
            block_size=block_size,
-            document_granularity=document_granularity,
        )
        LOOP.run(
            self._table.create_index(
@@ -614,7 +610,6 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
        fill_value: float = 0.0,
        progress: Optional[Union[bool, Callable, Any]] = None,
        write_parallelism: Optional[int] = None,
-        allow_external_blob_outside_bases: bool = False,
    ) -> AddResult:
        """Add more data to the [Table][lancedb.table.Table].

@@ -647,8 +642,6 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
            data in flight. Defaults to an estimate based on the data size,
            capped at the number of CPU cores. Lower this if bulk ingestion is
            using too much memory.
-        allow_external_blob_outside_bases: bool, default False
-            Not supported on LanceDB Cloud. Setting this raises.

        Returns
        -------
@@ -665,7 +658,6 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
                    fill_value=fill_value,
                    progress=progress,
                    write_parallelism=write_parallelism,
-                    allow_external_blob_outside_bases=allow_external_blob_outside_bases,
                )
            )
        finally:
@@ -864,7 +856,7 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):

    def update(
        self,
-        where: Optional[Union[str, Expr]] = None,
+        where: Optional[str] = None,
        values: Optional[dict] = None,
        *,
        values_sql: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
@@ -875,11 +867,9 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):

        Parameters
        ----------
-        where: str or [Expr][lancedb.expr.Expr], optional
-            The filter condition. Can be a SQL string or a type-safe
-            [Expr][lancedb.expr.Expr] built with [col][lancedb.expr.col] and
-            [lit][lancedb.expr.lit]. The filter must not be empty, or it will
-            error.
+        where: str, optional
+            The SQL where clause to use when updating rows. For example, 'x = 2'
+            or 'x IN (1, 2, 3)'. The filter must not be empty, or it will error.
        values: dict, optional
            The values to update. The keys are the column names and the values
            are the values to set.
@@ -1029,11 +1019,11 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
        [`AsyncTable.compact_lsm`][lancedb.AsyncTable.compact_lsm]."""
        return LOOP.run(self._table.compact_lsm())

-    def get_lsm_stats(self, *, include_sstable_rows: bool = False) -> Optional[dict]:
+    def get_lsm_stats(self, *, include_generation_rows: bool = False) -> Optional[dict]:
        """Synchronous version of
        [`AsyncTable.get_lsm_stats`][lancedb.AsyncTable.get_lsm_stats]."""
        return LOOP.run(
-            self._table.get_lsm_stats(include_sstable_rows=include_sstable_rows)
+            self._table.get_lsm_stats(include_generation_rows=include_generation_rows)
        )

    def close_lsm_writers(self) -> None:
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ from .permutation import (
    Permutation,
    Transforms,
    permutation_builder,
-    _drop_base_version,
    _table_from_pickle_state,
    _table_to_pickle_state,
 )
@@ -1328,9 +1327,6 @@ class StreamingDataset(IterableDataset):
            self._table = self._connection_factory(table_name)
        else:
            self._table = _table_from_pickle_state(table_state)
-            if table_state["kind"] == "memory":
-                # Rebuilt from Arrow, so the recorded pin cannot resolve on it.
-                perm_data = _drop_base_version(perm_data)
        self._perm_table = _connect("memory://").create_table(perm_name, perm_data)

    def state_dict(self) -> dict:
@@ -85,7 +85,6 @@ from .query import (
    AsyncQuery,
    AsyncTakeQuery,
    AsyncVectorQuery,
-    DocumentGranularity,
    FullTextQuery,
    LanceEmptyQueryBuilder,
    LanceFtsQueryBuilder,
@@ -1169,7 +1168,6 @@ class Table(ABC):
        ngram_max_length: int = 3,
        prefix_only: bool = False,
        block_size: int = 128,
-        document_granularity: DocumentGranularity = DocumentGranularity.ROW,
        wait_timeout: Optional[timedelta] = None,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
    ):
@@ -1248,11 +1246,6 @@ class Table(ABC):
            The number of documents per compressed posting block. Must be 128
            or 256. A value of 256 uses the experimental FTS V3 format and
            may introduce breaking changes.
-        document_granularity: DocumentGranularity, default ROW
-            ``ROW`` treats the selected text in one table row as one document.
-            ``LIST_ELEMENT`` treats each element of the deepest list on the field
-            path as one document and returns its physical coordinates in
-            ``_doc_index`` for matching queries.
        wait_timeout: timedelta, optional
            The timeout to wait if indexing is asynchronous.
        name: str, optional
@@ -1276,7 +1269,6 @@ class Table(ABC):
        fill_value: float = 0.0,
        progress: Optional[Union[bool, Callable, Any]] = None,
        write_parallelism: Optional[int] = None,
-        allow_external_blob_outside_bases: bool = False,
    ) -> AddResult:
        """Add more data to the [Table][lancedb.table.Table].

@@ -1328,10 +1320,6 @@ class Table(ABC):
            data in flight. Defaults to an estimate based on the data size,
            capped at the number of CPU cores. Lower this if bulk ingestion is
            using too much memory.
-        allow_external_blob_outside_bases: bool, default False
-            Store blob URIs that sit outside registered blob bases. The row
-            keeps a reference, so the object has to stay readable. Local
-            tables only.

        Returns
        -------
@@ -1744,7 +1732,7 @@ class Table(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def update(
        self,
-        where: Optional[Union[str, Expr]] = None,
+        where: Optional[str] = None,
        values: Optional[dict] = None,
        *,
        values_sql: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
@@ -1759,11 +1747,9 @@ class Table(ABC):

        Parameters
        ----------
-        where: str or [Expr][lancedb.expr.Expr], optional
-            The filter condition. Can be a SQL string or a type-safe
-            [Expr][lancedb.expr.Expr] built with [col][lancedb.expr.col] and
-            [lit][lancedb.expr.lit]. The filter must not be empty, or it will
-            error.
+        where: str, optional
+            The SQL where clause to use when updating rows. For example, 'x = 2'
+            or 'x IN (1, 2, 3)'. The filter must not be empty, or it will error.
        values: dict, optional
            The values to update. The keys are the column names and the values
            are the values to set.
@@ -1781,7 +1767,6 @@ class Table(ABC):
        Examples
        --------
        >>> import lancedb
-        >>> from lancedb.expr import col
        >>> import pandas as pd
        >>> data = pd.DataFrame({"x": [1, 2, 3], "vector": [[1.0, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]})
        >>> db = lancedb.connect("./.lancedb")
@@ -1791,7 +1776,7 @@ class Table(ABC):
        0  1  [1.0, 2.0]
        1  2  [3.0, 4.0]
        2  3  [5.0, 6.0]
-        >>> table.update(where=col("x") == 2, values={"vector": [10.0, 10]})
+        >>> table.update(where="x = 2", values={"vector": [10.0, 10]})
        UpdateResult(rows_updated=1, version=2)
        >>> table.to_pandas()
           x        vector
@@ -1987,7 +1972,7 @@ class Table(ABC):
            A mapping with one ``FunctionApplication`` value keeps its scalar
            or named-struct result in the named table column. A bare
            named-struct application expands its ordered result fields as one
-            atomic binding; aliases come from ``rename(columns=...)``.
+            atomic sibling group; aliases come from ``rename(columns=...)``.
            Function columns are supported only on LanceDB Cloud and
            Enterprise.
        computed: Dict[str, str], optional
@@ -2130,25 +2115,12 @@ class Table(ABC):
        ----------
        updates : dict
            One or more dicts, each with:
-
            - "path": str — dot-path to the field (e.g. "embedding" or "a.b.c").
            - "metadata": dict[str, str | None] — keys to set; a value of ``None``
              deletes that key.
            - "replace": bool, optional — replace the field's whole metadata map
              instead of merging (default False).

-            The following keys are treated specially, by convention, and should
-            be used when appropriate:
-
-            - "lancedb:description": for a human-readable description of a field.
-            - ``"lancedb:tag:<name>"`` for a user-defined key-value tag, where the
-                suffix names the tag category; e.g. "lancedb:tag:model": "clip".
-            - "lancedb:logical-column" for a column grouping; e.g. "feature_v1"
-                and "feature_v2" might be in the same logical column.
-            - "lancedb:status" for status options ("production", "candidate",
-                "deprecated", "archived") to designate the current life cycle
-                state of this column.
-
        Returns
        -------
        UpdateFieldMetadataResult
@@ -3296,7 +3268,6 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
        ngram_max_length: int = 3,
        prefix_only: bool = False,
        block_size: int = 128,
-        document_granularity: DocumentGranularity = DocumentGranularity.ROW,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """Create a full-text search index on a column.
@@ -3348,11 +3319,7 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
            tokenizer_configs = self.infer_tokenizer_configs(tokenizer_name)
            tokenizer_configs["custom_stop_words"] = custom_stop_words

-        config = FTS(
-            block_size=block_size,
-            document_granularity=document_granularity,
-            **tokenizer_configs,
-        )
+        config = FTS(block_size=block_size, **tokenizer_configs)

        try:
            LOOP.run(
@@ -3442,7 +3409,6 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
        fill_value: float = 0.0,
        progress: Optional[Union[bool, Callable, Any]] = None,
        write_parallelism: Optional[int] = None,
-        allow_external_blob_outside_bases: bool = False,
    ) -> AddResult:
        """Add data to the table.
        If vector columns are missing and the table
@@ -3470,9 +3436,6 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
            data in flight. Defaults to an estimate based on the data size,
            capped at the number of CPU cores. Lower this if bulk ingestion is
            using too much memory.
-        allow_external_blob_outside_bases: bool, default False
-            Allow blob URIs outside registered bases. See :meth:`Table.add`.
-            Local tables only.

        Returns
        -------
@@ -3489,7 +3452,6 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
                    fill_value=fill_value,
                    progress=progress,
                    write_parallelism=write_parallelism,
-                    allow_external_blob_outside_bases=allow_external_blob_outside_bases,
                )
            )
        finally:
@@ -3844,7 +3806,7 @@ class LanceTable(Table):

    def update(
        self,
-        where: Optional[Union[str, Expr]] = None,
+        where: Optional[str] = None,
        values: Optional[dict] = None,
        *,
        values_sql: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
@@ -3855,11 +3817,9 @@ class LanceTable(Table):

        Parameters
        ----------
-        where: str or [Expr][lancedb.expr.Expr], optional
-            The filter condition. Can be a SQL string or a type-safe
-            [Expr][lancedb.expr.Expr] built with [col][lancedb.expr.col] and
-            [lit][lancedb.expr.lit]. The filter must not be empty, or it will
-            error.
+        where: str, optional
+            The SQL where clause to use when updating rows. For example, 'x = 2'
+            or 'x IN (1, 2, 3)'. The filter must not be empty, or it will error.
        values: dict, optional
            The values to update. The keys are the column names and the values
            are the values to set.
@@ -3877,7 +3837,6 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
        Examples
        --------
        >>> import lancedb
-        >>> from lancedb.expr import col
        >>> import pandas as pd
        >>> data = pd.DataFrame({"x": [1, 2, 3], "vector": [[1.0, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]})
        >>> db = lancedb.connect("./.lancedb")
@@ -3887,7 +3846,7 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
        0  1  [1.0, 2.0]
        1  2  [3.0, 4.0]
        2  3  [5.0, 6.0]
-        >>> table.update(where=col("x") == 2, values={"vector": [10.0, 10]})
+        >>> table.update(where="x = 2", values={"vector": [10.0, 10]})
        UpdateResult(rows_updated=1, version=2)
        >>> table.to_pandas()
           x        vector
@@ -4189,11 +4148,11 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
        [`AsyncTable.compact_lsm`][lancedb.AsyncTable.compact_lsm]."""
        return LOOP.run(self._table.compact_lsm())

-    def get_lsm_stats(self, *, include_sstable_rows: bool = False) -> Optional[dict]:
+    def get_lsm_stats(self, *, include_generation_rows: bool = False) -> Optional[dict]:
        """Synchronous version of
        [`AsyncTable.get_lsm_stats`][lancedb.AsyncTable.get_lsm_stats]."""
        return LOOP.run(
-            self._table.get_lsm_stats(include_sstable_rows=include_sstable_rows)
+            self._table.get_lsm_stats(include_generation_rows=include_generation_rows)
        )

    def close_lsm_writers(self) -> None:
@@ -4916,16 +4875,16 @@ class AsyncTable:
    async def checkpoint_lsm(self) -> None:
        """Converge this table's LSM write path into its base table.

-        One flush, freezing every memtable into an SSTable, then compaction triggers
+        One flush, sealing every memtable into L0, then compaction triggers
        until every generation that existed at that moment has reached base.
        The loop runs client-side, reading progress from ``get_lsm_stats``.

-        Best-effort: SSTables created *while* it runs are deliberately not
+        Best-effort: generations created *while* it runs are deliberately not
        waited on, which is what lets it terminate on a table taking writes.
        Idempotent and safe on a cadence.

        There is no deadline, and the caller owns that. It returns when the
-        target SSTables are gone, raises on a terminal server fault, and
+        target generations are gone, raises on a terminal server fault, and
        otherwise waits however long the server takes. A slow table and a
        stuck one are the same picture from the client: the compactor pool is
        shared across every table on the node, so a checkpoint queued behind
@@ -4936,25 +4895,25 @@ class AsyncTable:
        await self._inner.checkpoint_lsm()

    async def flush_lsm(self) -> None:
-        """Freeze every table shard's active memtable into an SSTable.
+        """Seal every bucket's active memtable into L0.

-        Does not touch the base table — compacting SSTables into base is
+        Does not touch the base table — moving L0 into base is
        `compact_lsm`. On a node that has not claimed this table, this claims
        it and replays its WAL log first.
        """
        await self._inner.flush_lsm()

    async def compact_lsm(self) -> None:
-        """Trigger a background SSTable compaction pass per table shard.
+        """Trigger a background L0 to base compaction pass per bucket.

        Returns once the passes are dispatched, not once they finish: watch
        ``get_lsm_stats`` for progress, or use ``checkpoint_lsm`` to loop
-        until the current SSTables have reached base.
+        until the current L0 has reached base.
        """
        await self._inner.compact_lsm()

    async def get_lsm_stats(
-        self, *, include_sstable_rows: bool = False
+        self, *, include_generation_rows: bool = False
    ) -> Optional[dict]:
        """Read live per-bucket LSM state.

@@ -4967,12 +4926,12 @@ class AsyncTable:

        Parameters
        ----------
-        include_sstable_rows
-            Report a row count per SSTable. Off by default: each count
+        include_generation_rows
+            Report a row count per L0 generation. Off by default: each count
            opens an uncached Lance dataset, and ``checkpoint_lsm`` polls this
            needing only generation numbers.
        """
-        return await self._inner.get_lsm_stats(include_sstable_rows)
+        return await self._inner.get_lsm_stats(include_generation_rows)

    async def close_lsm_writers(self) -> None:
        """Drain and close any cached MemWAL shard writers for this table.
@@ -5406,7 +5365,6 @@ class AsyncTable:
        fill_value: Optional[float] = None,
        progress: Optional[Union[bool, Callable, Any]] = None,
        write_parallelism: Optional[int] = None,
-        allow_external_blob_outside_bases: bool = False,
    ) -> AddResult:
        """Add more data to the [AsyncTable][lancedb.table.AsyncTable].

@@ -5437,9 +5395,6 @@ class AsyncTable:
            data in flight. Defaults to an estimate based on the data size,
            capped at the number of CPU cores. Lower this if bulk ingestion is
            using too much memory.
-        allow_external_blob_outside_bases: bool, default False
-            Allow blob URIs outside registered bases. See :meth:`Table.add`.
-            Local tables only.

        """
        schema = await self.schema()
@@ -5476,7 +5431,6 @@ class AsyncTable:
                mode or "append",
                progress=progress,
                write_parallelism=write_parallelism,
-                allow_external_blob_outside_bases=allow_external_blob_outside_bases,
            )
        except RuntimeError as e:
            if "Cast error" in str(e):
@@ -6001,7 +5955,7 @@ class AsyncTable:
        self,
        updates: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        *,
-        where: Optional[Union[str, Expr]] = None,
+        where: Optional[str] = None,
        updates_sql: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
    ) -> UpdateResult:
        """
@@ -6016,11 +5970,9 @@ class AsyncTable:
            The updates to apply.  The keys should be the name of the column to
            update.  The values should be the new values to assign.  This is
            required unless updates_sql is supplied.
-        where: str or [Expr][lancedb.expr.Expr], optional
-            The filter condition. Can be a SQL string or a type-safe
-            [Expr][lancedb.expr.Expr] built with [col][lancedb.expr.col] and
-            [lit][lancedb.expr.lit]. Only rows that satisfy this filter will
-            be updated.
+        where: str, optional
+            An SQL filter that controls which rows are updated. For example, 'x = 2'
+            or 'x IN (1, 2, 3)'.  Only rows that satisfy this filter will be udpated.
        updates_sql: dict, optional
            The updates to apply, expressed as SQL expression strings.  The keys should
            be column names. The values should be SQL expressions.  These can be SQL
@@ -6038,14 +5990,13 @@ class AsyncTable:
        --------
        >>> import asyncio
        >>> import lancedb
-        >>> from lancedb.expr import col
        >>> import pandas as pd
        >>> async def demo_update():
        ...     data = pd.DataFrame({"x": [1, 2], "vector": [[1, 2], [3, 4]]})
        ...     db = await lancedb.connect_async("./.lancedb")
        ...     table = await db.create_table("my_table", data)
        ...     # x is [1, 2], vector is [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
-        ...     await table.update({"vector": [10, 10]}, where=col("x") == 2)
+        ...     await table.update({"vector": [10, 10]}, where="x = 2")
        ...     # x is [1, 2], vector is [[1, 2], [10, 10]]
        ...     await table.update(updates_sql={"x": "x + 1"})
        ...     # x is [2, 3], vector is [[1, 2], [10, 10]]
@@ -6059,8 +6010,7 @@ class AsyncTable:
        if updates is not None:
            updates_sql = {k: value_to_sql(v) for k, v in updates.items()}

-        predicate = where.to_sql() if isinstance(where, Expr) else where
-        return await self._inner.update(updates_sql, predicate)
+        return await self._inner.update(updates_sql, where)

    async def add_columns(
        self,
@@ -6088,7 +6038,7 @@ class AsyncTable:
            A mapping with one ``FunctionApplication`` value keeps its scalar
            or named-struct result in the named table column. A bare
            named-struct application expands its ordered result fields as one
-            atomic binding; aliases come from ``rename(columns=...)``.
+            atomic sibling group; aliases come from ``rename(columns=...)``.
            Function columns are supported only on LanceDB Cloud and
            Enterprise.
        computed: Dict[str, str], optional
@@ -6125,7 +6075,7 @@ class AsyncTable:
                isinstance(value, FunctionApplication) for value in transforms.values()
            ):
                raise ValueError(
-                    "one add_columns call declares exactly one Function binding"
+                    "one add_columns call declares exactly one Function sibling group"
                )
            function_output_name, function_application = next(iter(transforms.items()))

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def test_quickstart(tmp_path):
    tbl.create_index(num_sub_vectors=1)
    # --8<-- [end:create_index]
    # --8<-- [start:delete_rows]
-    tbl.delete("item = 'fizz'")
+    tbl.delete('item = "fizz"')
    # --8<-- [end:delete_rows]
    # --8<-- [start:drop_table]
    db.drop_table("my_table")
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ async def test_quickstart_async(tmp_path):
    await tbl.create_index("vector")
    # --8<-- [end:create_index_async]
    # --8<-- [start:delete_rows_async]
-    await tbl.delete("item = 'fizz'")
+    await tbl.delete('item = "fizz"')
    # --8<-- [end:delete_rows_async]
    # --8<-- [start:drop_table_async]
    await db.drop_table("my_table_async")
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ def test_table():
    tbl.add(pydantic_model_items)
    # --8<-- [end:add_table_from_pydantic]
    # --8<-- [start:delete_row]
-    tbl.delete("item = 'fizz'")
+    tbl.delete('item = "fizz"')
    # --8<-- [end:delete_row]
    # --8<-- [start:delete_specific_row]
    data = [
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ async def test_table_async():
    await async_tbl.add(pydantic_model_items)
    # --8<-- [end:add_table_async_from_pydantic]
    # --8<-- [start:delete_row_async]
-    await async_tbl.delete("item = 'fizz'")
+    await async_tbl.delete('item = "fizz"')
    # --8<-- [end:delete_row_async]
    # --8<-- [start:delete_specific_row_async]
    data = [
@@ -8,12 +8,7 @@ import pyarrow.compute as pc
 import pytest

 import lancedb
-from lancedb._blob import (
-    blob_v2_projection_sources,
-    read_row_ids_from_hits,
-    stash_auto_row_ids,
-)
-from lancedb.expr import col
+from lancedb._blob import read_row_ids_from_hits, stash_auto_row_ids
 from lancedb.index import FTS
 from lancedb.schema import blob_column_paths, blob_v2_column_paths

@@ -75,14 +70,6 @@ def test_blob_v2_column_paths_include_list_children():
    ]


-def test_blob_v2_projection_sources_use_typed_column_name():
-    schema = pa.schema([lancedb.blob("blob")])
-
-    assert blob_v2_projection_sources(schema, {"blob_alias": col("blob")}) == {
-        "blob_alias": "blob"
-    }
-
-
 def _legacy_v1_table(name):
    db = lancedb.connect("memory:///")
    schema = pa.schema(
@@ -179,20 +166,6 @@ async def test_async_table_to_pandas_descriptions_mode_omits_row_id():
    assert set(descriptor.keys()) == {"kind", "position", "size", "blob_id", "blob_uri"}


-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_async_typed_blob_projection_preserves_source_column():
-    db = await lancedb.connect_async("memory:///typed_blob_projection")
-    schema = pa.schema([pa.field("id", pa.int64()), lancedb.blob("blob")])
-    table = await db.create_table("typed_blob_projection", schema=schema)
-    await table.add([{"id": 1, "blob": b"alpha"}])
-
-    hits = await table.query().select({"blob_alias": col("blob")}).to_arrow()
-
-    assert "_lance_row_id" in hits.schema.field("blob_alias").type.names
-    blobs = await table.fetch_blobs("blob", hits)
-    assert blobs.to_pylist() == [b"alpha"]
-
-
 def test_fetch_blobs_round_trip():
    table = _blob_table(
        "round_trip",
@@ -430,50 +403,6 @@ async def test_blob_v2_hybrid_fetch_blobs_async():
    assert {blobs[i].as_py() for i in range(len(blobs))} == {b"alpha", b"beta"}


-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_async_hybrid_typed_blob_projection_preserves_source_column():
-    db = await lancedb.connect_async("memory:///hybrid_typed_blob")
-    schema = pa.schema(
-        [
-            pa.field("id", pa.int64()),
-            pa.field("text", pa.utf8()),
-            pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), list_size=2)),
-            lancedb.blob("blob"),
-        ]
-    )
-    table = await db.create_table("hybrid_typed_blob", schema=schema)
-    await table.add(
-        [
-            {
-                "id": 1,
-                "text": "hello alpha",
-                "vector": [1.0, 0.0],
-                "blob": b"alpha",
-            },
-            {
-                "id": 2,
-                "text": "hello beta",
-                "vector": [0.9, 0.1],
-                "blob": b"beta",
-            },
-        ]
-    )
-    await table.create_index("text", config=FTS(with_position=False))
-
-    hits = await (
-        table.query()
-        .nearest_to([1.0, 0.0])
-        .nearest_to_text("hello")
-        .select({"blob_alias": col("blob")})
-        .limit(2)
-        .to_arrow()
-    )
-
-    assert "_lance_row_id" in hits.schema.field("blob_alias").type.names
-    blobs = await table.fetch_blobs("blob", hits)
-    assert {blobs[i].as_py() for i in range(len(blobs))} == {b"alpha", b"beta"}
-
-
 def test_blob_file_seek_read_and_read_range():
    payload = _identifiable_payload(1024)
    table = _blob_table("seek_read", [{"id": 1, "image": payload}])
@@ -688,71 +617,3 @@ def test_fetch_blobs_nested_path_survives_sort_after_query():
 def _identifiable_payload(size: int) -> bytes:
    block = 256
    return b"".join(bytes([i % 256]) * block for i in range(size // block))
-
-
-def _external_uri_blob_array(uris):
-    blob_type = lancedb.blob("image").type
-    storage_type = blob_type.storage_type
-    child_names = [field.name for field in storage_type]
-    assert "uri" in child_names, "blob layout no longer has a uri child"
-    children = [
-        pa.array(uris if field.name == "uri" else [None] * len(uris), type=field.type)
-        for field in storage_type
-    ]
-    storage = pa.StructArray.from_arrays(children, fields=list(storage_type))
-    return pa.ExtensionArray.from_storage(blob_type, storage)
-
-
-def _external_uri_table_and_rows(name, uris):
-    db = lancedb.connect("memory:///")
-    schema = pa.schema([pa.field("id", pa.int64()), lancedb.blob("image")])
-    table = db.create_table(name, schema=schema)
-    rows = pa.Table.from_arrays(
-        [
-            pa.array(range(len(uris)), type=pa.int64()),
-            _external_uri_blob_array(uris),
-        ],
-        schema=schema,
-    )
-    return table, rows
-
-
-def test_add_external_uri_struct_round_trips_with_flag(tmp_path):
-    payload = b"external-uri-bytes"
-    blob_path = tmp_path / "payload.bin"
-    blob_path.write_bytes(payload)
-
-    table, rows = _external_uri_table_and_rows("external_struct", [blob_path.as_uri()])
-    table.add(rows, allow_external_blob_outside_bases=True)
-
-    hits = table.search().to_arrow()
-    blobs = table.fetch_blobs("image", hits)
-    assert blobs[0].as_py() == payload
-
-
-def test_add_external_uri_without_flag_raises(tmp_path):
-    blob_path = tmp_path / "payload.bin"
-    blob_path.write_bytes(b"unreachable")
-
-    table, rows = _external_uri_table_and_rows("external_no_flag", [blob_path.as_uri()])
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="allow_external_blob_outside_bases"):
-        table.add(rows)
-    assert table.count_rows() == 0
-
-
-def test_add_external_uri_string_round_trips_with_flag(tmp_path):
-    payload = b"external-uri-bytes"
-    blob_path = tmp_path / "payload.bin"
-    blob_path.write_bytes(payload)
-
-    db = lancedb.connect("memory:///")
-    schema = pa.schema([pa.field("id", pa.int64()), lancedb.blob("image")])
-    table = db.create_table("external_string", schema=schema)
-    table.add(
-        [{"id": 1, "image": blob_path.as_uri()}],
-        allow_external_blob_outside_bases=True,
-    )
-
-    hits = table.search().to_arrow()
-    blobs = table.fetch_blobs("image", hits)
-    assert blobs[0].as_py() == payload
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class TestExprConstruction:
    def test_func(self):
        e = func("lower", col("name"))
        assert isinstance(e, Expr)
-        assert e.to_sql() == "lower(`name`)"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "lower(name)"

    def test_func_unknown_raises(self):
        with pytest.raises(Exception):
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class TestExprOperators:
    def test_and_operator(self):
        e = (col("age") > lit(18)) & (col("status") == lit("active"))
        assert isinstance(e, Expr)
-        assert e.to_sql() == "((age > 18) AND (`status` = 'active'))"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "((age > 18) AND (status = 'active'))"

    def test_or_operator(self):
        e = (col("a") == lit(1)) | (col("b") == lit(2))
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class TestExprOperators:
    def test_coerce_plain_str(self):
        e = col("name") == "alice"
        assert isinstance(e, Expr)
-        assert e.to_sql() == "(`name` = 'alice')"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "(name = 'alice')"

    def test_reflexive_comparisons(self):
        # 10 < col("age") swaps to col("age") > 10
@@ -198,85 +198,85 @@ class TestExprBytesLiteral:

    def test_bytes_equality_expr_sql(self):
        e = col("data") == lit(b"\xca\xfe")
-        assert e.to_sql() == "(`data` = X'CAFE')"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "(data = X'CAFE')"

    def test_bytes_ne_expr_sql(self):
        e = col("data") != lit(b"\xff")
-        assert e.to_sql() == "(`data` <> X'FF')"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "(data <> X'FF')"

    def test_bytes_compound_expr_sql(self):
        e = (col("data") == lit(b"\x01")) & (col("id") > lit(5))
-        assert e.to_sql() == "((`data` = X'01') AND (id > 5))"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "((data = X'01') AND (id > 5))"

    def test_bytes_in_function_call(self):
        # Regression test: binary literals inside scalar function calls
        # used to fail because DataFusion's unparser does not support Binary
        # scalars.  Now handled via a placeholder-substitution rewrite.
        e = func("contains", col("data"), lit(b"\xff"))
-        assert e.to_sql() == "contains(`data`, X'FF')"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "contains(data, X'FF')"

    def test_bytes_in_not(self):
        e = ~(col("data") == lit(b"\xff"))
-        assert e.to_sql() == "NOT (`data` = X'FF')"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "NOT (data = X'FF')"


 class TestExprStringMethods:
    def test_lower(self):
        e = col("name").lower()
        assert isinstance(e, Expr)
-        assert e.to_sql() == "lower(`name`)"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "lower(name)"

    def test_upper(self):
        e = col("name").upper()
        assert isinstance(e, Expr)
-        assert e.to_sql() == "upper(`name`)"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "upper(name)"

    def test_contains(self):
        e = col("text").contains(lit("hello"))
        assert isinstance(e, Expr)
-        assert e.to_sql() == "contains(`text`, 'hello')"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "contains(text, 'hello')"

    def test_contains_with_str_coerce(self):
        e = col("text").contains("hello")
        assert isinstance(e, Expr)
-        assert e.to_sql() == "contains(`text`, 'hello')"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "contains(text, 'hello')"

    def test_chained_lower_eq(self):
        e = col("name").lower() == lit("alice")
        assert isinstance(e, Expr)
-        assert e.to_sql() == "(lower(`name`) = 'alice')"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "(lower(name) = 'alice')"


 class TestExprCast:
    def test_cast_string(self):
        e = col("id").cast("string")
        assert isinstance(e, Expr)
-        assert e.to_sql() == "arrow_cast(id, 'Utf8')"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "CAST(id AS VARCHAR)"

    def test_cast_int32(self):
        e = col("score").cast("int32")
        assert isinstance(e, Expr)
-        assert e.to_sql() == "arrow_cast(score, 'Int32')"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "CAST(score AS INTEGER)"

    def test_cast_float64(self):
        e = col("val").cast("float64")
        assert isinstance(e, Expr)
-        assert e.to_sql() == "arrow_cast(val, 'Float64')"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "CAST(val AS DOUBLE)"

    def test_cast_pyarrow_type(self):
        e = col("score").cast(pa.int32())
        assert isinstance(e, Expr)
-        assert e.to_sql() == "arrow_cast(score, 'Int32')"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "CAST(score AS INTEGER)"

    def test_cast_pyarrow_float64(self):
        e = col("val").cast(pa.float64())
        assert isinstance(e, Expr)
-        assert e.to_sql() == "arrow_cast(val, 'Float64')"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "CAST(val AS DOUBLE)"

    def test_cast_pyarrow_string(self):
        e = col("id").cast(pa.string())
        assert isinstance(e, Expr)
-        assert e.to_sql() == "arrow_cast(id, 'Utf8')"
+        assert e.to_sql() == "CAST(id AS VARCHAR)"

    def test_cast_pyarrow_and_string_equivalent(self):
        # pa.int32() and "int32" should produce equivalent SQL
@@ -597,14 +597,14 @@ class TestExprIsin:
    def test_isin_strs(self):
        assert (
            col("status").isin(["active", "pending"]).to_sql()
-            == "`status` IN ('active', 'pending')"
+            == "status IN ('active', 'pending')"
        )

    def test_isin_coerces_and_mixes(self):
        assert col("id").isin([lit(1), 2]).to_sql() == "id IN (1, 2)"

    def test_isin_empty(self):
-        assert col("id").isin([]).to_sql() == "false"
+        assert col("id").isin([]).to_sql() == "id IN ()"

    def test_isin_filter(self, simple_table):
        result = simple_table.search().where(col("id").isin([1, 3, 5])).to_arrow()
@@ -37,6 +37,21 @@ def job_result(name: str) -> dict:
    return json.loads(fixture(name))["result"]


+def assert_no_secret_values(value):
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        for key, child in value.items():
+            assert key not in {
+                "secret_value",
+                "secret_values",
+                "resolved_secret",
+                "resolved_secrets",
+            }
+            assert_no_secret_values(child)
+    elif isinstance(value, list):
+        for child in value:
+            assert_no_secret_values(child)
+
+
 def test_public_function_values_are_in_api_reference():
    docs = Path(__file__).parents[3] / "docs" / "src" / "python" / "python.md"
    rendered = docs.read_text()
@@ -94,6 +109,7 @@ def test_function_version_identity_is_immutable_and_exact():
    version = FunctionVersion.from_json(json.dumps(value))
    assert version.name == "embed"
    assert version.version == "fv_01K3EXACT"
+    assert version.required_secrets == ("HF_TOKEN",)

    with pytest.raises((TypeError, ValueError)):
        version.version = "fv_changed"
@@ -105,7 +121,7 @@ def test_function_version_identity_is_immutable_and_exact():
    assert FunctionVersion(**changed) != version


-def test_function_version_binds_named_columns_as_one_immutable_application():
+def test_function_version_binds_named_columns_as_one_immutable_group():
    version = FunctionVersion.from_json(
        json.dumps(job_result("remote_function_job.json"))
    )
@@ -115,10 +131,13 @@ def test_function_version_binds_named_columns_as_one_immutable_application():
    assert application.function.name == version.name
    assert application.function.version == version.version
    assert application.output is version.signature.output
+    assert application.group_id.startswith("fg_")
    assert [
        (value.parameter, value.kind, value.value["path"])
        for value in application.inputs
    ] == [("text", "column", "documents.body")]
+    with pytest.raises((TypeError, ValueError)):
+        application.group_id = "fg_changed"


 def test_function_version_binding_validates_names_and_direct_columns():
@@ -137,7 +156,7 @@ def test_function_version_binding_validates_names_and_direct_columns():
 def test_function_version_keeps_named_struct_outputs_in_one_application():
    value = job_result("remote_function_job.json")
    value["name"] = "text_features"
-    value["version"] = "fv_multi_output"
+    value["version"] = "fv_grouped"
    value["signature"] = {
        "inputs": [
            {"name": "title", "arrow_type": "utf8", "nullable": True},
@@ -202,6 +221,7 @@ def test_function_application_uses_rename_columns_only():
    assert application.columns["normalized_text"] == "search_text"
    assert renamed.columns["normalized_text"] == "body_normalized"
    assert renamed.function == application.function
+    assert renamed.group_id == application.group_id
    assert not hasattr(application, "rename_outputs")
    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="immutable"):
        renamed.columns["normalized_text"] = "changed"
@@ -222,6 +242,7 @@ def test_function_application_uses_rename_columns_only():

 def test_binding_and_refresh_result_keep_stable_remote_fields():
    binding = FunctionBinding.from_json(fixture("remote_function_binding.json"))
+    assert binding.revision == 3
    assert binding.function.version == "fv_01K3TEXT"
    assert [output.output_ordinal for output in binding.outputs] == [0, 1]
    assert binding.input_schema is not None
@@ -276,6 +297,15 @@ def test_refresh_result_rejects_non_u64_values(field):
        RefreshColumnResult.from_json(json.dumps(value))


+def test_canonical_client_values_contain_secret_names_only():
+    version = FunctionVersion.from_json(
+        json.dumps(job_result("remote_function_job.json"))
+    )
+    canonical = json.loads(version.to_canonical_json())
+    assert canonical["required_secrets"] == ["HF_TOKEN"]
+    assert_no_secret_values(canonical)
+
+
 class _FunctionDeclarationInner:
    def __init__(self):
        self.calls = []
@@ -292,7 +322,7 @@ def known_application() -> FunctionApplication:


@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_add_columns_routes_struct_as_one_and_multi_output_binding_atomically():
+async def test_add_columns_routes_struct_as_one_and_grouped_expansion_atomically():
    inner = _FunctionDeclarationInner()
    table = AsyncTable(inner)
    application = known_application()
@@ -313,12 +343,12 @@ async def test_add_columns_routes_struct_as_one_and_multi_output_binding_atomica


@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_add_columns_rejects_multiple_bindings_and_unknown_newer_application():
+async def test_add_columns_rejects_mixed_groups_and_unknown_newer_application():
    inner = _FunctionDeclarationInner()
    table = AsyncTable(inner)
    application = known_application()

-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="exactly one Function binding"):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="exactly one Function sibling group"):
        await table.add_columns({"a": application, "b": application})

    future = json.loads(fixture("remote_function_application.json"))
@@ -346,6 +376,7 @@ def test_rename_requires_named_struct_and_keeps_partial_mapping_immutable():
                    "arrow_type": "list<float32>",
                    "nullable": False,
                },
+                "group_id": "fg_scalar",
            }
        )
    )
@@ -3,12 +3,7 @@

 from __future__ import annotations

-import base64
 import contextlib
-import functools
-import importlib.util
-import types
-from datetime import date
 import http.server
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -21,9 +16,6 @@ import pytest
 import lancedb
 from lancedb.functions import UdfDefinition, udf

-THRESHOLD = 20
-_CACHE = None
-

 FIXTURES = (
    Path(__file__).parents[3]
@@ -39,12 +31,28 @@ FIXTURES = (
@udf(
    pip=["numpy>=2"],
    env={"MODE": "test"},
+    secrets=["API_TOKEN"],
    python_version="3.12",
 )
 def normalize_score(value: float) -> float:
    return value / 100.0


+def _assert_no_secret_values(value):
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        for key, child in value.items():
+            assert key not in {
+                "secret_value",
+                "secret_values",
+                "resolved_secret",
+                "resolved_secrets",
+            }
+            _assert_no_secret_values(child)
+    elif isinstance(value, list):
+        for child in value:
+            _assert_no_secret_values(child)
+
+
 def test_scalar_udf_matches_shared_registration_golden_and_remains_callable():
    assert isinstance(normalize_score, UdfDefinition)
    assert normalize_score(25.0) == 0.25
@@ -59,417 +67,13 @@ def test_scalar_udf_matches_shared_registration_golden_and_remains_callable():
        "kind": "scalar_to_arrow_batch",
        "version": 1,
    }
-
-
-def _run_packaged(definition, *args):
-    """Execute the shipped artifact in a fresh namespace, as a worker would."""
-    source = base64.b64decode(definition.registration_request.artifact.content.data)
-    namespace: dict = {}
-    exec(compile(source, "<udf>", "exec"), namespace)
-    return namespace[definition.registration_request.artifact.entrypoint](*args)
-
-
-def test_udf_conda_environment():
-    @udf(conda=["scipy", "numpy"], conda_channels=["conda-forge", "defaults"])
-    def halve(value: float) -> float:
-        return value / 2
-
-    request = json.loads(halve.registration_request.to_canonical_json())
-    assert request["runtime"]["environment"] == {
-        "kind": "conda",
-        "packages": ["numpy", "scipy"],
-        "channels": ["conda-forge", "defaults"],
-    }
-    pip_request = json.loads(normalize_score.registration_request.to_canonical_json())
-    assert "channels" not in pip_request["runtime"]["environment"]
-
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="not both"):
-        udf(name="both", pip=["numpy"], conda=["numpy"])(lambda value: value)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="requires conda"):
-        udf(name="channels", conda_channels=["conda-forge"])(lambda value: value)
-
-
-def test_udf_packages_attribute_access_and_body_imports():
-    @udf
-    def word_norm(body: str) -> float:
-        import numpy as np
-
-        try:
-            words = body.split()
-        except AttributeError as error:
-            raise ValueError(str(error)) from error
-        return float(np.linalg.norm([len(w) for w in words]))
-
-    assert _run_packaged(word_norm, "aa bb") == pytest.approx(8**0.5)
-
-
-def test_udf_packages_module_globals_and_global_caches():
-    @udf
-    def label(value: int) -> str:
-        return "big" if value >= THRESHOLD else "small"
-
-    assert _run_packaged(label, 21) == "big"
-
-    @udf
-    def cached(value: int) -> int:
-        global _CACHE
-        if _CACHE is None:
-            _CACHE = 40
-        return _CACHE + value
-
-    assert _run_packaged(cached, 2) == 42
-
-
-def test_udf_annotations_are_not_runtime_names():
-    @udf
-    def identity(value: date) -> date:
-        return value
-
-    assert _run_packaged(identity, date(2026, 8, 25)) == date(2026, 8, 25)
-
-
-def test_udf_nested_scopes_resolve_lexically():
-    @udf
-    def score(value: int) -> int:
-        offset = 2
-
-        def add_offset() -> int:
-            return value + offset
-
-        return add_offset() + sum(v for v in [0])
-
-    assert _run_packaged(score, 3) == 5
-
-
-def test_udf_resolves_module_globals_before_builtins(tmp_path):
-    module_path = tmp_path / "shadowing_udfs.py"
-    module_path.write_text(
-        "max = 7\n"
-        "len = lambda _: 99\n"
-        "\n"
-        "def uses_literal_shadow(value: int) -> int:\n"
-        "    def nested() -> int:\n"
-        "        return max\n"
-        "    return nested() + value\n"
-        "\n"
-        "def uses_callable_shadow(value: int) -> int:\n"
-        "    def nested() -> int:\n"
-        "        return len([1])\n"
-        "    return nested() + value\n"
-    )
-    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("shadowing_udfs", module_path)
-    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
-
-    # The module's `max = 7` is what the interpreter would use, so it ships.
-    assert _run_packaged(udf(module.uses_literal_shadow), 1) == 8
-    # A callable global cannot ship; it must not be silently swapped for the builtin.
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unsupported global value of type function"):
-        udf(module.uses_callable_shadow)
-
-
-def test_canonical_arrow_type_is_exactly_the_grammar():
-    from lancedb.functions import _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES, _canonical_arrow_type
-
-    golden = json.loads(
-        (
-            Path(__file__).parents[3]
-            / "rust/lancedb/tests/fixtures/first_class_functions/v1/arrow_types.json"
-        ).read_text()
-    )
-    primitives = [
-        case["arrow_type"] for case in golden["valid"] if "<" not in case["arrow_type"]
-    ]
-    assert [name for _, name in _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES] == primitives
-    for outside in [
-        pa.timestamp("us"),
-        pa.decimal128(10, 2),
-        pa.large_string(),
-        pa.large_binary(),
-        pa.binary(4),
-        pa.duration("s"),
-        pa.struct([pa.field("a", pa.int32())]),
-        pa.list_(pa.float32(), 0),
-        pa.list_(pa.timestamp("us")),
-    ]:
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unsupported Arrow type"):
-            _canonical_arrow_type(outside)
-
-
-def test_udf_nested_annotations_are_postponed_in_the_artifact():
-    @udf
-    def score(value: int) -> int:
-        def identity(item: date) -> date:
-            return item
-
-        identity(date(2026, 8, 25))
-        return value
-
-    assert _run_packaged(score, 3) == 3
-
-
-def test_udf_ships_globals_the_body_deletes():
-    @udf
-    def clear(value: int) -> int:
-        global _CACHE
-        del _CACHE
-        return value
-
-    assert _run_packaged(clear, 3) == 3
-
-
-def test_udf_rejects_a_module_global_that_does_not_import_as_itself(tmp_path):
-    module_path = tmp_path / "fake_module_udfs.py"
-    module_path.write_text(
-        "import types\n"
-        "np = types.ModuleType('numpy')\n"
-        "np.sqrt = lambda x: 0\n"
-        "\n"
-        "def score(value: int) -> int:\n"
-        "    return int(np.sqrt(value))\n"
-    )
-    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("fake_module_udfs", module_path)
-    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="does not import as 'numpy'"):
-        udf(module.score)
-
-
-def test_udf_rejects_a_module_level_namespace_alias(tmp_path):
-    module_path = tmp_path / "aliasing_udfs.py"
-    module_path.write_text(
-        "import builtins as b\n"
-        "THRESHOLD = 5\n"
-        "\n"
-        "def score(value: int) -> int:\n"
-        "    return value + b.vars(b.__import__('aliasing_udfs'))['THRESHOLD']\n"
-    )
-    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("aliasing_udfs", module_path)
-    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="dynamic namespace access"):
-        udf(module.score)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "access",
-    [
-        "globals()['THRESHOLD']",
-        "eval('THRESHOLD')",
-        "(lambda g: g()['THRESHOLD'])(globals)",
-        "__import__('sys').modules[__name__].THRESHOLD",
-        "sys.modules[__name__].THRESHOLD",
-    ],
-)
-def test_udf_rejects_dynamic_namespace_access(access):
-    namespace: dict = {}
-    exec(
-        f"def score(value: int) -> int:\n    return value + {access}\n",
-        {"THRESHOLD": 5},
-        namespace,
-    )
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="dynamic namespace access"):
-        _package_from_text(
-            "def score(value: int) -> int:\n"
-            "    import sys\n"
-            f"    return value + {access}\n"
-        )
-
-
-def _package_from_text(source: str, module_globals: dict | None = None):
-    """Load `source` as a real module file so the packager can inspect it."""
-    import tempfile
-
-    directory = tempfile.mkdtemp()
-    path = Path(directory) / "generated_udf_module.py"
-    path.write_text(source)
-    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(f"generated_udf_{id(source)}", path)
-    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-    if module_globals:
-        module.__dict__.update(module_globals)
-    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
-    functions = [
-        value
-        for value in vars(module).values()
-        if callable(value) and getattr(value, "__module__", None) == module.__name__
-    ]
-    return udf(functions[0])
-
-
-def test_udf_rejects_a_non_standard_builtins_environment():
-    def score(value: int) -> int:
-        return len([1]) + value
-
-    score.__globals__  # noqa: B018 -- real function, real globals
-    import builtins
-
-    patched = types.FunctionType(
-        score.__code__,
-        {"__builtins__": {**vars(builtins), "len": lambda _: 99}},
-        "score",
-    )
-    patched.__annotations__ = score.__annotations__
-    assert patched(3) == 102
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-standard builtins environment"):
-        udf(patched)
-
-    class ReportingDict(dict):  # reports standard entries, resolves differently
-        def __missing__(self, key):
-            return vars(builtins)[key]
-
-    disguised = types.FunctionType(
-        score.__code__, {"__builtins__": ReportingDict(len=lambda _: 99)}, "score"
-    )
-    disguised.__annotations__ = score.__annotations__
-    assert disguised(3) == 102
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-standard builtins environment"):
-        udf(disguised)
-
-    hooked = types.FunctionType(
-        score.__code__,
-        {"__builtins__": {**vars(builtins), "__import__": lambda *a, **k: None}},
-        "score",
-    )
-    hooked.__annotations__ = score.__annotations__
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-standard builtins environment"):
-        udf(hooked)
-
-
-def test_udf_recursion_versus_a_rebound_module_name(tmp_path):
-    module_path = tmp_path / "rebound_udfs.py"
-    module_path.write_text(
-        "def fact(value: int) -> int:\n"
-        "    return 1 if value <= 1 else value * fact(value - 1)\n"
-        "\n"
-        "def score(value: int) -> int:\n"
-        "    return score + value\n"
-    )
-    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("rebound_udfs", module_path)
-    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
-    assert _run_packaged(udf(module.fact), 5) == 120
-    raw = module.score
-    module.score = 10
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="binds that name to another value"):
-        udf(raw)
-    # A wrapper that merely exposes __wrapped__ is not the function.
-    module.score = functools.wraps(raw)(lambda value: 41)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="binds that name to another value"):
-        udf(raw)
-    # The decorator's own result is; a subclass of it is not.
-    module.fact = udf(module.fact)
-    assert _run_packaged(module.fact, 4) == 24
-
-    class Twisted(UdfDefinition):
-        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            return 41
-
-    raw_fact = module.fact._function
-    module.fact = Twisted(
-        raw_fact,
-        name=None,
-        input_schema=None,
-        output_schema=None,
-        pip=(),
-        env={},
-        python_version=None,
-    )
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="binds that name to another value"):
-        udf(raw_fact)
-
-
-def test_canonical_arrow_type_rejects_unrepresentable_list_children():
-    from lancedb.functions import _canonical_arrow_type
-
-    for outside in [
-        pa.list_(pa.float32()),  # pyarrow default: nullable child
-        pa.list_(pa.field("custom", pa.float32(), nullable=False)),
-        pa.list_(pa.field("item", pa.float32(), nullable=False, metadata={"k": "v"})),
-        pa.list_(pa.field("item", pa.float32(), nullable=False), 0),
-    ]:
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unsupported Arrow type"):
-            _canonical_arrow_type(outside)
-    assert (
-        _canonical_arrow_type(
-            pa.list_(pa.field("item", pa.float32(), nullable=False), 3)
-        )
-        == "fixed_size_list<float32, 3>"
-    )
-
-
-def _calls_missing(value: int) -> int:
-    return missing(value)  # noqa: F821
-
-
-def _shadows_missing_in_a_comprehension(value: int) -> int:
-    return missing(value) + sum(missing for missing in ())  # noqa: F821
-
-
-def _shadows_missing_in_a_lambda(value: int) -> int:
-    return (lambda missing: missing)(value) + missing  # noqa: F821
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "function",
-    [_calls_missing, _shadows_missing_in_a_comprehension, _shadows_missing_in_a_lambda],
-)
-def test_udf_rejects_a_truly_unresolved_global(function):
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"unresolved global names: \['missing'\]"):
-        udf(function)
-
-
-def _arrow_type_from_golden(spec: dict) -> pa.DataType:
-    kind = spec["type"]
-    if kind in ("list", "large_list", "fixed_size_list"):
-        item = _arrow_type_from_golden(spec["fields"][0]["type"])
-        field = pa.field("item", item, nullable=False)
-        if kind == "list":
-            return pa.list_(field)
-        if kind == "large_list":
-            return pa.large_list(field)
-        return pa.list_(field, spec["length"])
-    return {
-        "null": pa.null(),
-        "bool": pa.bool_(),
-        "utf8": pa.string(),
-        "binary": pa.binary(),
-        "float16": pa.float16(),
-        "float32": pa.float32(),
-        "float64": pa.float64(),
-        "date32": pa.date32(),
-        "date64": pa.date64(),
-    }.get(kind) or getattr(pa, kind)()
-
-
-def test_arrow_type_grammar_matches_the_shared_golden():
-    golden = json.loads(
-        (
-            Path(__file__).parents[3]
-            / "rust/lancedb/tests/fixtures/first_class_functions/v1/arrow_types.json"
-        ).read_text()
-    )
-    from lancedb.functions import _canonical_arrow_type
-
-    emitted = {
-        case["arrow_type"]: _canonical_arrow_type(_arrow_type_from_golden(case["json"]))
-        for case in golden["valid"]
-    }
-    assert emitted == {
-        case["arrow_type"]: case["arrow_type"] for case in golden["valid"]
-    }
-    assert not set(emitted) & set(golden["invalid"])
-    for case in golden["server_only"]:
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unsupported Arrow type"):
-            _canonical_arrow_type(_arrow_type_from_golden(case["json"]))
+    assert request["required_secrets"] == ["API_TOKEN"]
+    _assert_no_secret_values(request)


 def test_explicit_arrow_schema_is_deterministic():
    input_schema = pa.schema([pa.field("value", pa.float32(), nullable=True)])
-    output_schema = pa.field(
-        "embedding",
-        pa.list_(pa.field("item", pa.float32(), nullable=False), 3),
-        nullable=False,
-    )
+    output_schema = pa.field("embedding", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 3), nullable=False)

    @udf(input_schema=input_schema, output_schema=output_schema)
    def explicit(value):
@@ -478,7 +82,7 @@ def test_explicit_arrow_schema_is_deterministic():
    signature = explicit.registration_request.signature
    assert signature.inputs[0].arrow_type == "float32"
    assert signature.inputs[0].nullable is True
-    assert signature.output.arrow_type == "fixed_size_list<float32, 3>"
+    assert signature.output.arrow_type == "fixed_size_list<float32>[3]"
    assert signature.output.nullable is False


@@ -526,6 +130,14 @@ def test_annotation_and_explicit_schema_validation_fail_closed():
            return value


+def test_environment_rejects_secret_value_overlap():
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="must be disjoint"):
+
+        @udf(env={"TOKEN": "plaintext"}, secrets=["TOKEN"])
+        def overlapping(value: int) -> int:
+            return value
+
+
 def test_local_function_catalog_operations_are_not_supported(tmp_path):
    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
    message = "Function catalog operations are not supported by this database"
@@ -562,6 +174,7 @@ def _mock_remote_function_catalog():
                    "runtime": body["runtime"],
                    "runtime_digest": "sha256:runtime",
                    "environment_digest": "sha256:environment",
+                    "required_secrets": body.get("required_secrets", []),
                    "created_at": "2026-08-21T00:00:00Z",
                }
                response = {"job_id": "job-register"}
@@ -620,6 +233,7 @@ def test_remote_registration_job_and_exact_version_reopen_round_trip():
    assert create_request == json.loads(
        normalize_score.registration_request.to_canonical_json()
    )
+    _assert_no_secret_values(create_request)


 def test_blocking_remote_registration_returns_function_version():
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ from lancedb.db import DBConnection
 from lancedb.index import FTS
 from lancedb.query import (
    BoostQuery,
-    DocumentGranularity,
    MatchQuery,
    MultiMatchQuery,
    PhraseQuery,
@@ -246,55 +245,6 @@ def test_create_inverted_index_rejects_invalid_block_size(table):
        table.create_index("text", config=FTS(block_size=129))


-def test_list_element_document_granularity(tmp_path):
-    docs_type = pa.list_(pa.struct([pa.field("content", pa.string())]))
-    docs = pa.array(
-        [
-            [
-                {"content": "alpha beta"},
-                None,
-                {"content": ""},
-                {"content": "the and"},
-                {"content": "alpha beta"},
-            ]
-        ],
-        type=docs_type,
-    )
-    table = ldb.connect(tmp_path).create_table(
-        "list_element_docs", pa.table({"id": [0], "docs": docs})
-    )
-    row_table = ldb.connect(tmp_path).create_table(
-        "row_docs", pa.table({"id": [0], "docs": docs})
-    )
-    row_table.create_index("docs.content", config=FTS())
-    row_result = row_table.search(MatchQuery("alpha", "docs.content")).to_arrow()
-    assert row_result.num_rows == 1
-    assert "_doc_index" not in row_result.column_names
-
-    granularity = DocumentGranularity.LIST_ELEMENT
-    table.create_index(
-        "docs.content",
-        config=FTS(with_position=True, document_granularity=granularity),
-    )
-    assert table.list_indices()[0].columns == ["docs.content"]
-
-    def coordinates(query):
-        result = table.search(query).limit(10).to_arrow()
-        doc_index_type = result.schema.field("_doc_index").type
-        assert pa.types.is_list(doc_index_type)
-        assert doc_index_type.value_type == pa.uint32()
-        return sorted(result["_doc_index"].to_pylist())
-
-    assert coordinates(
-        MatchQuery("alpha", "docs.content", document_granularity=granularity)
-    ) == [[0], [4]]
-    assert coordinates(
-        PhraseQuery("alpha beta", "docs.content", document_granularity=granularity)
-    ) == [[0], [4]]
-    assert coordinates(MatchQuery("alpha", "docs.content")) == [[0], [4]]
-    assert FTS().document_granularity is DocumentGranularity.ROW
-
-
 def test_create_inverted_index_respects_build_memory_limit(table):
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="exceeds worker memory limit"):
        table.create_index(
@@ -1139,20 +1089,6 @@ def test_fts_query_to_json():
    )
    assert json_str == expected

-    # Test MatchQuery with list-element document granularity
-    match_query = MatchQuery(
-        "hello world",
-        "text",
-        document_granularity=DocumentGranularity.LIST_ELEMENT,
-    )
-    json_str = match_query.to_json()
-    expected = (
-        '{"match":{"column":"text","terms":"hello world","boost":1.0,'
-        '"fuzziness":0,"max_expansions":50,"operator":"Or","prefix_length":0,'
-        '"document_granularity":"list_element"}}'
-    )
-    assert json_str == expected
-
    # Test MatchQuery with options
    match_query = MatchQuery("puppy", "text", fuzziness=2, boost=1.5, prefix_length=3)
    json_str = match_query.to_json()
@@ -1162,19 +1098,6 @@ def test_fts_query_to_json():
    )
    assert json_str == expected

-    # Test PhraseQuery with list-element document granularity
-    phrase_query = PhraseQuery(
-        "quick brown fox",
-        "title",
-        document_granularity=DocumentGranularity.LIST_ELEMENT,
-    )
-    json_str = phrase_query.to_json()
-    expected = (
-        '{"phrase":{"column":"title","terms":"quick brown fox","slop":0,'
-        '"document_granularity":"list_element"}}'
-    )
-    assert json_str == expected
-
    # Test PhraseQuery
    phrase_query = PhraseQuery("quick brown fox", "title")
    json_str = phrase_query.to_json()
@@ -56,31 +56,6 @@ def test_execute_does_not_reenter_background_loop(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
    assert permutation_tbl._conn.read_consistency_interval is None


-def test_pickled_permutation_reads_pinned_version(tmp_path):
-    """An unpickled copy must still read the pinned version, which also covers the
-    version surviving the ``to_arrow()`` round trip in ``__getstate__``."""
-    import pickle
-
-    db = connect(tmp_path)
-    tbl = db.create_table("base", pa.table({"idx": range(20)}))
-    permutation_tbl = permutation_builder(tbl).execute()
-    perm = Permutation.from_tables(tbl, permutation_tbl)
-
-    payload = pickle.dumps(perm)
-
-    # Compact so the stored row addresses no longer describe these rows at latest.
-    tbl.delete("true")
-    tbl.optimize()
-    assert tbl.count_rows() == 0
-
-    # Unpickle after the mutation: __setstate__ reopens at latest, so this only
-    # passes if the recorded version is applied on reopen.
-    restored = pickle.loads(payload)
-    assert len(restored) == 20
-    rows = restored.__getitems__(list(range(20)))
-    assert sorted(row["idx"] for row in rows) == list(range(20))
-
-
 def test_split_random_counts(mem_db):
    """Test random splitting with absolute counts."""
    tbl = mem_db.create_table(
@@ -675,21 +675,6 @@ def test_distance_range(table: lancedb.table.Table):
    assert res["_distance"].to_pylist() == [min_dist, max_dist]


-@pytest.mark.parametrize("expression", ["1 - _distance", "1.0 - _distance"])
-def test_select_arithmetic_with_distance(table, expression):
-    result = (
-        table.search([10, 10])
-        .select({"similarity": expression, "_distance": "_distance"})
-        .distance_type("cosine")
-        .to_arrow()
-    )
-
-    assert result.schema.field("similarity").type == pa.float32()
-    assert result["similarity"].to_pylist() == pytest.approx(
-        [1 - distance for distance in result["_distance"].to_pylist()]
-    )
-
-
@pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_distance_range_async(table_async: AsyncTable):
    q = [0, 0]
@@ -912,23 +897,6 @@ def test_query_builder_batches(table):
    assert rs_list["id"][1] == 2


-def test_batch_vector_query_shares_filtered_flat_scan(table):
-    query = (
-        table.search([[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]])
-        .where("id > 0", prefilter=True)
-        .limit(1)
-        .select(["id"])
-    )
-
-    plan = query.explain_plan(verbose=True)
-    assert "KNNVectorDistance: queries=2" in plan
-    assert "UnionExec" not in plan
-
-    results = query.to_arrow()
-    assert len(results) == 2
-    assert results["query_index"].to_pylist() == [0, 1]
-
-
 def test_dynamic_projection(table):
    rs = (
        LanceVectorQueryBuilder(table, [0, 0], "vector")
@@ -1278,9 +1278,9 @@ def test_get_lsm_stats_sync():
    with lsm_test_table(lsm_handler) as table:
        assert table.get_lsm_stats() == {"buckets": [bucket]}
        # Off by default, and forwarded when asked for.
-        assert seen_bodies == [{"include_sstable_rows": False}]
-        table.get_lsm_stats(include_sstable_rows=True)
-        assert seen_bodies[-1] == {"include_sstable_rows": True}
+        assert seen_bodies == [{"include_generation_rows": False}]
+        table.get_lsm_stats(include_generation_rows=True)
+        assert seen_bodies[-1] == {"include_generation_rows": True}


 def test_get_lsm_stats_sync_returns_none_when_lsm_disabled():
@@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@ def test_flush_and_compact_lsm_sync():


 def test_checkpoint_lsm_sync():
-    """Freeze, read the watermark, and return once no SSTables remain.
+    """Seal, read the watermark, and return once L0 holds nothing.

    The convergence loop itself is covered in Rust; this pins the sync
    binding to the endpoints it drives.
@@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ def test_checkpoint_lsm_sync():
    def lsm_handler(request, route):
        called.append(route)
        if route == "get_lsm_stats":
-            # An empty SSTable tier yields no target watermark, so the loop is done
+            # An empty L0 yields no target watermark, so the loop is done
            # after the seal without ever polling compaction.
            send_json(request, {"lsm_stats": {"buckets": []}})
        else:
@@ -1618,49 +1618,6 @@ def test_query_sync_fts():
        )


-def test_query_sync_fts_document_granularity():
-    from lancedb.query import DocumentGranularity, MatchQuery
-
-    def handler(body):
-        assert body == {
-            "full_text_query": {
-                "query": {
-                    "match": {
-                        "column": "docs.content",
-                        "terms": "alpha",
-                        "boost": 1.0,
-                        "fuzziness": 0,
-                        "max_expansions": 50,
-                        "operator": "Or",
-                        "prefix_length": 0,
-                        "document_granularity": "list_element",
-                    }
-                }
-            },
-            "k": 10,
-            "prefilter": True,
-            "vector": [],
-            "version": None,
-        }
-        return pa.table(
-            {
-                "id": [1, 1],
-                "_doc_index": pa.array([[0], [4]], type=pa.list_(pa.uint32())),
-            }
-        )
-
-    with query_test_table(handler, server_version=Version("0.6.0")) as table:
-        result = table.search(
-            MatchQuery(
-                "alpha",
-                "docs.content",
-                document_granularity=DocumentGranularity.LIST_ELEMENT,
-            )
-        ).to_arrow()
-
-    assert result["_doc_index"].to_pylist() == [[0], [4]]
-
-
 def test_query_sync_hybrid():
    def handler(body):
        if "full_text_query" in body:
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@

 import asyncio
 import copy
-from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from datetime import timedelta
 import threading

@@ -87,25 +86,6 @@ def test_s3_lifecycle(s3_bucket: str):
    asyncio.run(test())


-@pytest.mark.s3_test
-def test_concurrent_open_table(s3_bucket: str):
-    uri = f"s3://{s3_bucket}/test_concurrent_open_table"
-    db = lancedb.connect(uri, storage_options=copy.copy(CONFIG))
-    db.create_table("test", pa.table({"x": [1, 2, 3]}))
-
-    num_workers = 32
-    barrier = threading.Barrier(num_workers)
-
-    def open_and_count(_):
-        barrier.wait()
-        return db.open_table("test").count_rows()
-
-    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=num_workers) as pool:
-        row_counts = list(pool.map(open_and_count, range(num_workers)))
-
-    assert row_counts == [3] * num_workers
-
-
@pytest.fixture()
 def kms_key():
    kms = get_boto3_client("kms", endpoint_url=CONFIG["aws_endpoint"])
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import warnings
 import weakref
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta
-from decimal import Decimal
 from time import sleep
 from typing import List
 from unittest.mock import patch
@@ -337,21 +336,6 @@ async def test_update_async(mem_db_async: AsyncConnection):
    assert await table.count_rows("id == 10") == 1


-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_update_expr_filter_literals_async(mem_db_async: AsyncConnection):
-    values = ["5", "4.66e-84", "it's"]
-    table = await mem_db_async.create_table(
-        "update_expr_literals",
-        data=[{"field": value, "result": "original"} for value in values],
-    )
-
-    for value in values:
-        update_res = await table.update({"result": value}, where=col("field") == value)
-        assert update_res.rows_updated == 1
-
-    assert (await table.to_arrow())["result"].to_pylist() == values
-
-
 def test_create_table(mem_db: DBConnection):
    schema = pa.schema(
        {
@@ -2359,148 +2343,6 @@ def test_update(mem_db: DBConnection):
    assert np.allclose(v, np.array([[1.2, 1.9], [1.1, 1.1]]))


-def test_update_expr_filter_literals(mem_db: DBConnection):
-    values = ["5", "4.66e-84", "it's"]
-    table = mem_db.create_table(
-        "update_expr_literals",
-        data=[{"field": value, "result": "original"} for value in values],
-    )
-
-    for value in values:
-        update_res = table.update(where=col("field") == value, values={"result": value})
-        assert update_res.rows_updated == 1
-
-    assert table.to_arrow()["result"].to_pylist() == values
-
-
-def test_update_expr_filter_preserves_typed_semantics(mem_db: DBConnection):
-    low = Decimal("1.234567890123456789")
-    high = Decimal("1.234567890123456790")
-    decimal_schema = pa.schema(
-        [("val", pa.decimal128(19, 18)), ("result", pa.string())]
-    )
-    decimal_table = mem_db.create_table(
-        "update_expr_decimal",
-        pa.table(
-            {"val": [low, high], "result": ["old", "old"]},
-            schema=decimal_schema,
-        ),
-    )
-    predicate = col("val") < lit(high)
-    assert decimal_table.search().where(predicate).to_arrow().num_rows == 1
-    result = decimal_table.update(where=predicate, values={"result": "new"})
-    assert result.rows_updated == 1
-
-    keyword_table = mem_db.create_table(
-        "update_expr_keyword", [{"null": 1, "result": "old"}]
-    )
-    predicate = col("null") == 1
-    assert keyword_table.search().where(predicate).to_arrow().num_rows == 1
-    result = keyword_table.update(where=predicate, values={"result": "new"})
-    assert result.rows_updated == 1
-
-    empty_in_table = mem_db.create_table(
-        "update_expr_empty_in", [{"id": 1, "result": "old"}]
-    )
-    predicate = col("id").isin([])
-    assert empty_in_table.search().where(predicate).to_arrow().num_rows == 0
-    result = empty_in_table.update(where=predicate, values={"result": "new"})
-    assert result.rows_updated == 0
-
-    marker = "__lancedb_binary_placeholder_0__"
-    binary_schema = pa.schema(
-        [("payload", pa.binary()), ("text", pa.string()), ("result", pa.string())]
-    )
-    binary_table = mem_db.create_table(
-        "update_expr_binary",
-        pa.table(
-            {
-                "payload": [b"\x01", b"\x02"],
-                "text": ["other", marker],
-                "result": ["old", "old"],
-            },
-            schema=binary_schema,
-        ),
-    )
-    predicate = (col("payload") == lit(b"\x01")) | (col("text") == marker)
-    assert binary_table.search().where(predicate).to_arrow().num_rows == 2
-    result = binary_table.update(where=predicate, values={"result": "new"})
-    assert result.rows_updated == 2
-
-    nonfinite_table = mem_db.create_table(
-        "update_expr_nonfinite",
-        [{"x": 1.0, "result": "old"}, {"x": 2.0, "result": "old"}],
-    )
-    predicate = col("x") < float("inf")
-    assert nonfinite_table.search().where(predicate).to_arrow().num_rows == 2
-    result = nonfinite_table.update(where=predicate, values={"result": "new"})
-    assert result.rows_updated == 2
-
-    float16_table = mem_db.create_table(
-        "update_expr_float16",
-        [{"x": 1.0, "result": "old"}, {"x": 3.0, "result": "old"}],
-    )
-    predicate = col("x").cast(pa.float16()) < 2.0
-    assert float16_table.search().where(predicate).to_arrow().num_rows == 1
-    result = float16_table.update(where=predicate, values={"result": "new"})
-    assert result.rows_updated == 1
-
-    string_cast_table = mem_db.create_table(
-        "update_expr_string_cast",
-        [{"x": 1, "result": "old"}, {"x": 2, "result": "old"}],
-    )
-    predicate = col("x").cast("string") == "1"
-    assert string_cast_table.search().where(predicate).to_arrow().num_rows == 1
-    result = string_cast_table.update(where=predicate, values={"result": "new"})
-    assert result.rows_updated == 1
-
-    quoted_identifier_schema = pa.schema(
-        [("payload", pa.binary()), ("odd'name", pa.int64()), ("result", pa.string())]
-    )
-    quoted_identifier_table = mem_db.create_table(
-        "update_expr_quoted_identifier",
-        pa.table(
-            {"payload": [b"\x01"], "odd'name": [1], "result": ["old"]},
-            schema=quoted_identifier_schema,
-        ),
-    )
-    predicate = (col("payload") == lit(b"\x01")) & (col("odd'name") == 1)
-    assert quoted_identifier_table.search().where(predicate).to_arrow().num_rows == 1
-    result = quoted_identifier_table.update(where=predicate, values={"result": "new"})
-    assert result.rows_updated == 1
-
-    decimal256_schema = pa.schema(
-        [("val", pa.decimal256(40, 2)), ("result", pa.string())]
-    )
-    decimal256_table = mem_db.create_table(
-        "update_expr_decimal256",
-        pa.table(
-            {
-                "val": [Decimal("1.00"), Decimal("3.00")],
-                "result": ["old", "old"],
-            },
-            schema=decimal256_schema,
-        ),
-    )
-    predicate = col("val") < lit(Decimal("2.00")).cast(pa.decimal256(40, 2))
-    assert decimal256_table.search().where(predicate).to_arrow().num_rows == 1
-    result = decimal256_table.update(where=predicate, values={"result": "new"})
-    assert result.rows_updated == 1
-
-    binary_empty_table = mem_db.create_table(
-        "update_expr_binary_empty",
-        pa.table(
-            {"payload": [b"\x01", b"\x02"], "result": ["old", "old"]},
-            schema=pa.schema([("payload", pa.binary()), ("result", pa.string())]),
-        ),
-    )
-    predicate = (col("payload") == lit(b"\x01")).isin([])
-    assert binary_empty_table.search().where(predicate).to_arrow().num_rows == 0
-    assert predicate.to_sql() == "false"
-    result = binary_empty_table.update(where=predicate, values={"result": "new"})
-    assert result.rows_updated == 0
-
-
 def test_update_with_arrow_scalar(mem_db: DBConnection):
    schema = pa.schema({"id": pa.int64(), "vector": pa.list_(pa.float32(), 4)})
    table = mem_db.create_table("my_table", schema=schema)
@@ -130,14 +130,6 @@ impl PyExpr {

    // ── utilities ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

-    /// Return the referenced column name for a bare column expression.
-    fn column_name(&self) -> Option<String> {
-        match &self.0 {
-            DfExpr::Column(column) if column.relation.is_none() => Some(column.name.clone()),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
    /// Render the expression as a SQL string (useful for debugging).
    fn to_sql(&self) -> PyResult<String> {
        lancedb::expr::expr_to_sql_string(&self.0).map_err(|e| PyValueError::new_err(e.to_string()))
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use lancedb::index::vector::{
 };
 use lancedb::index::{
    Index as LanceDbIndex,
-    scalar::{BTreeIndexBuilder, DocumentGranularity, FmIndexBuilder, FtsIndexBuilder},
+    scalar::{BTreeIndexBuilder, FmIndexBuilder, FtsIndexBuilder},
 };
 use pyo3::IntoPyObject;
 use pyo3::types::PyStringMethods;
@@ -60,11 +60,7 @@ pub fn extract_index_params(source: &Option<Bound<'_, PyAny>>) -> PyResult<Lance
                    .ngram_min_length(params.ngram_min_length)
                    .ngram_max_length(params.ngram_max_length)
                    .ngram_prefix_only(params.prefix_only)
-                    .custom_stop_words(params.custom_stop_words)
-                    .document_granularity(
-                        DocumentGranularity::try_from(params.document_granularity.as_str())
-                            .map_err(|err| PyValueError::new_err(err.to_string()))?,
-                    );
+                    .custom_stop_words(params.custom_stop_words);
                if let Some(memory_limit) = params.memory_limit {
                    inner_opts = inner_opts.memory_limit_mb(memory_limit);
                }
@@ -225,7 +221,6 @@ struct FtsParams {
    block_size: usize,
    memory_limit: Option<u64>,
    num_workers: Option<usize>,
-    document_granularity: String,
 }

 #[derive(FromPyObject)]
@@ -486,7 +481,6 @@ mod tests {
    block_size = 128
    memory_limit = 2048
    num_workers = 7
-    document_granularity = 'row'

 config = FTS()",
                None,
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors

-use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;

@@ -17,8 +16,8 @@ use arrow::pyarrow::FromPyArrow;
 use arrow::pyarrow::IntoPyArrow;
 use arrow::pyarrow::ToPyArrow;
 use lancedb::index::scalar::{
-    BooleanQuery, BoostQuery, DocumentGranularity, FtsQuery, FullTextSearchQuery, MatchQuery,
-    MultiMatchQuery, Occur, Operator, PhraseQuery,
+    BooleanQuery, BoostQuery, FtsQuery, FullTextSearchQuery, MatchQuery, MultiMatchQuery, Occur,
+    Operator, PhraseQuery,
 };
 use lancedb::query::AnalyzePlanDistributedMetrics;
 use lancedb::query::QueryBase;
@@ -77,16 +76,8 @@ impl<'a, 'py> FromPyObject<'a, 'py> for PyLanceDB<FtsQuery> {
                let max_expansions = ob.getattr("max_expansions")?.extract()?;
                let operator = ob.getattr("operator")?.extract::<String>()?;
                let prefix_length = ob.getattr("prefix_length")?.extract()?;
-                let document_granularity = ob
-                    .getattr("document_granularity")?
-                    .extract::<Option<String>>()?
-                    .map(|value| {
-                        DocumentGranularity::try_from(value.as_str())
-                            .map_err(|err| PyValueError::new_err(err.to_string()))
-                    })
-                    .transpose()?;

-                let mut query =
+                Ok(Self(
                    MatchQuery::new(query)
                        .with_column(Some(column))
                        .with_boost(boost)
@@ -95,32 +86,21 @@ impl<'a, 'py> FromPyObject<'a, 'py> for PyLanceDB<FtsQuery> {
                        .with_operator(Operator::try_from(operator.as_str()).map_err(|e| {
                            PyValueError::new_err(format!("Invalid operator: {}", e))
                        })?)
-                        .with_prefix_length(prefix_length);
-                if let Some(document_granularity) = document_granularity {
-                    query = query.with_document_granularity(document_granularity);
-                }
-                Ok(Self(query.into()))
+                        .with_prefix_length(prefix_length)
+                        .into(),
+                ))
            }
            "PhraseQuery" => {
                let query = ob.getattr("query")?.extract()?;
                let column = ob.getattr("column")?.extract()?;
                let slop = ob.getattr("slop")?.extract()?;
-                let document_granularity = ob
-                    .getattr("document_granularity")?
-                    .extract::<Option<String>>()?
-                    .map(|value| {
-                        DocumentGranularity::try_from(value.as_str())
-                            .map_err(|err| PyValueError::new_err(err.to_string()))
-                    })
-                    .transpose()?;

-                let mut query = PhraseQuery::new(query)
-                    .with_column(Some(column))
-                    .with_slop(slop);
-                if let Some(document_granularity) = document_granularity {
-                    query = query.with_document_granularity(document_granularity);
-                }
-                Ok(Self(query.into()))
+                Ok(Self(
+                    PhraseQuery::new(query)
+                        .with_column(Some(column))
+                        .with_slop(slop)
+                        .into(),
+                ))
            }
            "BoostQuery" => {
                let positive: Self = ob.getattr("positive")?.extract()?;
@@ -187,13 +167,6 @@ impl<'py> IntoPyObject<'py> for PyLanceDB<FtsQuery> {
                kwargs.set_item("max_expansions", query.max_expansions)?;
                kwargs.set_item::<_, &str>("operator", query.operator.into())?;
                kwargs.set_item("prefix_length", query.prefix_length)?;
-                if let Some(document_granularity) = query.document_granularity {
-                    let value = match document_granularity {
-                        DocumentGranularity::Row => "row",
-                        DocumentGranularity::ListElement => "list_element",
-                    };
-                    kwargs.set_item("document_granularity", value)?;
-                }
                namespace
                    .getattr(intern!(py, "MatchQuery"))?
                    .call((query.terms, query.column.unwrap()), Some(&kwargs))
@@ -201,13 +174,6 @@ impl<'py> IntoPyObject<'py> for PyLanceDB<FtsQuery> {
            FtsQuery::Phrase(query) => {
                let kwargs = PyDict::new(py);
                kwargs.set_item("slop", query.slop)?;
-                if let Some(document_granularity) = query.document_granularity {
-                    let value = match document_granularity {
-                        DocumentGranularity::Row => "row",
-                        DocumentGranularity::ListElement => "list_element",
-                    };
-                    kwargs.set_item("document_granularity", value)?;
-                }
                namespace
                    .getattr(intern!(py, "PhraseQuery"))?
                    .call((query.terms, query.column.unwrap()), Some(&kwargs))
@@ -326,7 +292,6 @@ pub struct PyQueryRequest {
    pub filter: Option<PyQueryFilter>,
    pub full_text_search: Option<PyLanceDB<FtsQuery>>,
    pub select: PySelect,
-    pub select_source_columns: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
    pub fast_search: Option<bool>,
    pub with_row_id: Option<bool>,
    pub use_lsm: Option<bool>,
@@ -357,7 +322,6 @@ impl From<AnyQuery> for PyQueryRequest {
                full_text_search: query_request
                    .full_text_search
                    .map(|fts| PyLanceDB(fts.query)),
-                select_source_columns: PySelect::source_columns(&query_request.select),
                select: PySelect(query_request.select),
                fast_search: Some(query_request.fast_search),
                with_row_id: Some(query_request.with_row_id),
@@ -383,7 +347,6 @@ impl From<AnyQuery> for PyQueryRequest {
                offset: vector_query.base.offset,
                filter: vector_query.base.filter.map(PyQueryFilter),
                full_text_search: None,
-                select_source_columns: PySelect::source_columns(&vector_query.base.select),
                select: PySelect(vector_query.base.select),
                fast_search: Some(vector_query.base.fast_search),
                with_row_id: Some(vector_query.base.with_row_id),
@@ -416,25 +379,6 @@ impl From<AnyQuery> for PyQueryRequest {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct PySelect(Select);

-impl PySelect {
-    fn source_columns(select: &Select) -> Option<HashMap<String, String>> {
-        match select {
-            Select::Expr(pairs) => Some(
-                pairs
-                    .iter()
-                    .filter_map(|(output, expr)| match expr {
-                        lancedb::expr::DfExpr::Column(column) if column.relation.is_none() => {
-                            Some((output.clone(), column.name.clone()))
-                        }
-                        _ => None,
-                    })
-                    .collect(),
-            ),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl<'py> IntoPyObject<'py> for PySelect {
    type Target = PyAny;
    type Output = Bound<'py, Self::Target>;
@@ -33,16 +33,16 @@ use pyo3::{

 mod scannable;

-/// Convert `LsmStats` to a Python dict, preserving the per-table-shard list.
+/// Convert `LsmStats` to a Python dict, preserving the per-bucket list.
 ///
 /// Deliberately not flattened to a table-level summary: a table is N
-/// table shards on one node, and the per-shard detail is the reason the
-/// endpoint exists — flattening hides the single hot table shard someone opened
+/// buckets on one node, and the per-bucket detail is the reason the
+/// endpoint exists — flattening hides the single hot bucket someone opened
 /// it to find.
 fn lsm_stats_to_py(py: Python<'_>, stats: &lancedb::table::LsmStats) -> PyResult<Py<PyDict>> {
    let out = PyDict::new(py);
-    let table_shards = PyList::empty(py);
-    for b in &stats.table_shards {
+    let buckets = PyList::empty(py);
+    for b in &stats.buckets {
        let e = PyDict::new(py);
        e.set_item("shard_id", &b.shard_id)?;
        e.set_item("status", &b.status)?;
@@ -58,15 +58,15 @@ fn lsm_stats_to_py(py: Python<'_>, stats: &lancedb::table::LsmStats) -> PyResult
            b.wal_entry_position_last_seen,
        )?;

-        let sstables = PyList::empty(py);
-        for g in &b.sstables {
+        let generations = PyList::empty(py);
+        for g in &b.generations {
            let ge = PyDict::new(py);
            ge.set_item("generation", g.generation)?;
            ge.set_item("bytes", g.bytes)?;
            ge.set_item("rows", g.rows)?;
-            sstables.append(ge)?;
+            generations.append(ge)?;
        }
-        e.set_item("sstables", sstables)?;
+        e.set_item("generations", generations)?;
        e.set_item("compacting", b.compacting)?;

        e.set_item(
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ fn lsm_stats_to_py(py: Python<'_>, stats: &lancedb::table::LsmStats) -> PyResult
                })
                .transpose()?,
        )?;
-        table_shards.append(e)?;
+        buckets.append(e)?;
    }
-    out.set_item("table_shards", table_shards)?;
+    out.set_item("buckets", buckets)?;
    Ok(out.unbind())
 }

@@ -780,19 +780,15 @@ impl Table {
        })
    }

-    #[pyo3(signature = (data, mode, progress=None, write_parallelism=None, allow_external_blob_outside_bases=false))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (data, mode, progress=None, write_parallelism=None))]
    pub fn add<'a>(
        self_: PyRef<'a, Self>,
        data: PyScannable,
        mode: String,
        progress: Option<Py<PyAny>>,
        write_parallelism: Option<usize>,
-        allow_external_blob_outside_bases: bool,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'a, PyAny>> {
-        let mut op = self_
-            .inner_ref()?
-            .add(data)
-            .allow_external_blob_outside_bases(allow_external_blob_outside_bases);
+        let mut op = self_.inner_ref()?.add(data);
        if mode == "append" {
            op = op.mode(AddDataMode::Append);
        } else if mode == "overwrite" {
@@ -1492,7 +1488,7 @@ impl Table {
        })
    }

-    /// Freeze every table shard's active memtable into an SSTable.
+    /// Seal every bucket's active memtable into L0.
    pub fn flush_lsm(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
        let inner = self_.inner_ref()?.clone();
        future_into_py(
@@ -1501,7 +1497,7 @@ impl Table {
        )
    }

-    /// Trigger a background SSTable compaction pass per table shard. Returns once the
+    /// Trigger a background L0 → base pass per bucket. Returns once the
    /// passes are dispatched, not once they finish — watch `get_lsm_stats`.
    pub fn compact_lsm(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
        let inner = self_.inner_ref()?.clone();
@@ -1511,15 +1507,15 @@ impl Table {
    }

    /// Live LSM state, or `None` when the LSM write path is not enabled.
-    #[pyo3(signature = (include_sstable_rows=false))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (include_generation_rows=false))]
    pub fn get_lsm_stats(
        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
-        include_sstable_rows: bool,
+        include_generation_rows: bool,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
        let inner = self_.inner_ref()?.clone();
        future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {
            let stats = inner
-                .get_lsm_stats(include_sstable_rows)
+                .get_lsm_stats(include_generation_rows)
                .await
                .infer_error()?;
            Python::attach(|py| stats.map(|s| lsm_stats_to_py(py, &s)).transpose())
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb"
-version = "0.38.0-beta.11"
+version = "0.38.0-beta.7"
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "LanceDB: A serverless, low-latency vector database for AI applications"
 license.workspace = true
@@ -1476,7 +1476,7 @@ mod tests {
    use crate::table::{AnyQuery, WriteOptions};
    use arrow_array::{Int32Array, RecordBatch, StringArray};
    use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field, Schema, SchemaRef};
-    use futures::{TryStreamExt, future::try_join_all, stream::once};
+    use futures::{TryStreamExt, stream::once};
    use std::path::PathBuf;
    use std::sync::Arc;
    use std::time::Duration;
@@ -1614,59 +1614,6 @@ mod tests {
        );
    }

-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_concurrent_open_table_reuses_connection_object_store() {
-        let tempdir = tempdir().unwrap();
-        let uri = tempdir.path().to_str().unwrap();
-        let session = Arc::new(lance::session::Session::default());
-        let request = ConnectRequest {
-            uri: uri.to_string(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "remote")]
-            client_config: Default::default(),
-            options: Default::default(),
-            namespace_client_properties: Default::default(),
-            manifest_enabled: false,
-            read_consistency_interval: None,
-            session: Some(session.clone()),
-        };
-        let db = ListingDatabase::connect_with_options(&request)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let schema = Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, false)]));
-        db.create_table(CreateTableRequest {
-            name: "test".to_string(),
-            namespace_path: vec![],
-            data: Box::new(RecordBatch::new_empty(schema)) as Box<dyn Scannable>,
-            mode: CreateTableMode::Create,
-            write_options: Default::default(),
-            location: None,
-            namespace_client: None,
-        })
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let before = session.store_registry().stats();
-        let opened_tables = try_join_all((0..32).map(|_| {
-            db.open_table(OpenTableRequest {
-                name: "test".to_string(),
-                namespace_path: vec![],
-                index_cache_size: None,
-                lance_read_params: None,
-                location: None,
-                namespace_client: None,
-                managed_versioning: None,
-            })
-        }))
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-        let after = session.store_registry().stats();
-
-        assert_eq!(opened_tables.len(), 32);
-        assert_eq!(after.misses, before.misses);
-        assert_eq!(after.active_stores, before.active_stores);
-        assert!(after.hits >= before.hits + 32);
-    }
-
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_listing_database_root_ops_do_not_create_manifest() {
        let tempdir = tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -27,12 +27,6 @@ pub const SRC_ROW_ID_COL: &str = "row_id";

 pub const SPLIT_NAMES_CONFIG_KEY: &str = "split_names";

-/// Base table version the permutation was built against.
-pub const BASE_VERSION_CONFIG_KEY: &str = "base_version";
-
-/// Base table branch the permutation was built against.  Absent means main.
-pub const BASE_BRANCH_CONFIG_KEY: &str = "base_branch";
-
 pub const DEFAULT_MEMORY_LIMIT: usize = 100 * 1024 * 1024;

 /// Where to store the permutation table
@@ -220,11 +214,21 @@ impl PermutationBuilder {
        Ok(Box::pin(SimpleRecordBatchStream { schema, stream }))
    }

-    fn add_config_metadata(
+    fn add_split_names(
        data: SendableRecordBatchStream,
-        metadata: HashMap<String, String>,
+        split_names: &[String],
    ) -> Result<SendableRecordBatchStream> {
-        let schema = data.schema().as_ref().clone().with_metadata(metadata);
+        let schema = data
+            .schema()
+            .as_ref()
+            .clone()
+            .with_metadata(HashMap::from([(
+                SPLIT_NAMES_CONFIG_KEY.to_string(),
+                serde_json::to_string(split_names).map_err(|e| Error::Other {
+                    message: format!("Failed to serialize split names: {}", e),
+                    source: Some(e.into()),
+                })?,
+            )]));
        let schema = Arc::new(schema);
        let schema_clone = schema.clone();
        let stream = data.map_ok(move |batch| batch.with_schema(schema.clone()).unwrap());
@@ -235,20 +239,7 @@ impl PermutationBuilder {
    }

    /// Builds the permutation table and stores it in the given database.
-    pub async fn build(mut self) -> Result<Table> {
-        // Remote tables resolve latest independently for each request. Use a
-        // separate pinned handle so count, projection, and scan all refer to one
-        // snapshot without changing the caller's table checkout state. Native
-        // tables return `None` here and retain their existing behavior.
-        if let Some(snapshot) = self
-            .base_table
-            .base_table()
-            .snapshot_at_current_version()
-            .await?
-        {
-            self.base_table = Table::from(snapshot);
-        }
-
+    pub async fn build(self) -> Result<Table> {
        // Unflushed rows have no row id, so a permutation cannot address them.
        match self.base_table.base_table().get_lsm_write_spec().await {
            Ok(Some(_)) => {
@@ -265,14 +256,9 @@ impl PermutationBuilder {
            Err(err) => return Err(err),
        }

-        // The handle above is already pinned to one version.  Record which one, so a
-        // reader -- in a DataLoader worker, against a table that has since moved --
-        // resolves these row addresses against the same snapshot.
-        let base_version = self.base_table.version().await?;
-        let base_branch = self.base_table.current_branch();
-
        // First pass, apply filter and load row ids.  `Shuffler` permutes positions, so
        // every rank must scan the rows in the same order to build the same permutation.
+        // TODO: pin the version resolved here; remote does not implement Lazy.
        let mut rows = self.base_table.query().select(Select::columns(&[ROW_ID]));

        if let Some(filter) = &self.config.filter {
@@ -332,24 +318,11 @@ impl PermutationBuilder {
        // Rename _rowid to row_id
        let renamed = rename_column(sorted, ROW_ID, SRC_ROW_ID_COL)?;

-        let mut metadata = HashMap::from([(
-            BASE_VERSION_CONFIG_KEY.to_string(),
-            base_version.to_string(),
-        )]);
-        // Version numbers are per-branch, so the branch is part of the coordinate.
-        if let Some(branch) = &base_branch {
-            metadata.insert(BASE_BRANCH_CONFIG_KEY.to_string(), branch.clone());
-        }
-        if let Some(split_names) = &self.config.split_names {
-            metadata.insert(
-                SPLIT_NAMES_CONFIG_KEY.to_string(),
-                serde_json::to_string(split_names).map_err(|e| Error::Other {
-                    message: format!("Failed to serialize split names: {}", e),
-                    source: Some(e.into()),
-                })?,
-            );
-        }
-        let streaming_data = Self::add_config_metadata(renamed, metadata)?;
+        let streaming_data = if let Some(split_names) = &self.config.split_names {
+            Self::add_split_names(renamed, split_names)?
+        } else {
+            renamed
+        };

        let (name, database) = match &self.config.destination {
            PermutationDestination::Permanent(database, table_name) => {
@@ -436,253 +409,6 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(table.base_table().scan_order_is_deterministic());
    }

-    #[cfg(feature = "remote")]
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_remote_permutation_builder_pins_snapshot() {
-        use std::sync::{
-            Mutex,
-            atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering},
-        };
-
-        use arrow_array::{RecordBatch, UInt64Array};
-        use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field, Schema};
-
-        let row_ids = RecordBatch::try_new(
-            Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![Field::new(
-                ROW_ID,
-                DataType::UInt64,
-                false,
-            )])),
-            vec![Arc::new(UInt64Array::from(vec![100]))],
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        let mut query_body = Vec::new();
-        {
-            let mut writer =
-                arrow_ipc::writer::FileWriter::try_new(&mut query_body, &row_ids.schema()).unwrap();
-            writer.write(&row_ids).unwrap();
-            writer.finish().unwrap();
-        }
-
-        let latest = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(7));
-        let expected_snapshot = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(7));
-        let planning_versions = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
-        let latest_ref = latest.clone();
-        let expected_snapshot_ref = expected_snapshot.clone();
-        let planning_versions_ref = planning_versions.clone();
-        let table = Table::new_with_handler("remote_base", move |request| {
-            let path = request.url().path();
-            let body = request
-                .body()
-                .and_then(|body| body.as_bytes())
-                .map(|body| serde_json::from_slice::<serde_json::Value>(body).unwrap());
-
-            match path {
-                "/v1/table/remote_base/describe/" => {
-                    let requested = body.as_ref().and_then(|body| body["version"].as_u64());
-                    let version = requested.unwrap_or_else(|| latest_ref.load(Ordering::SeqCst));
-                    http::Response::builder()
-                        .status(200)
-                        .body(
-                            format!(r#"{{"version":{version},"schema":{{"fields":[]}}}}"#)
-                                .into_bytes(),
-                        )
-                        .unwrap()
-                }
-                "/v1/table/remote_base/get_lsm_write_spec/" => http::Response::builder()
-                    .status(200)
-                    .body(br#"{"lsm_write_spec":null}"#.to_vec())
-                    .unwrap(),
-                "/v1/table/remote_base/count_rows/" => {
-                    let body = body.unwrap();
-                    let version = body["version"].as_u64().unwrap();
-                    assert_eq!(version, expected_snapshot_ref.load(Ordering::SeqCst));
-                    assert_eq!(body["predicate"], "value > 0");
-                    planning_versions_ref.lock().unwrap().push(version);
-
-                    // Simulate a concurrent append after count_rows. An unpinned
-                    // scan would now resolve version 8 and include different rows.
-                    latest_ref.store(8, Ordering::SeqCst);
-                    http::Response::builder()
-                        .status(200)
-                        .body(b"1".to_vec())
-                        .unwrap()
-                }
-                "/v1/table/remote_base/query/" => {
-                    let body = body.unwrap();
-                    let version = body["version"].as_u64().unwrap();
-                    assert_eq!(version, expected_snapshot_ref.load(Ordering::SeqCst));
-                    assert_eq!(body["filter"], "value > 0");
-                    assert_eq!(body["columns"], serde_json::json!([ROW_ID]));
-                    planning_versions_ref.lock().unwrap().push(version);
-                    http::Response::builder()
-                        .status(200)
-                        .header("content-type", "application/vnd.apache.arrow.file")
-                        .body(query_body.clone())
-                        .unwrap()
-                }
-                _ => panic!("unexpected request: {path}"),
-            }
-        });
-
-        let permutation = PermutationBuilder::new(table.clone())
-            .with_filter("value > 0".to_string())
-            .build()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(permutation.count_rows(None).await.unwrap(), 1);
-
-        // Building uses a separate handle and must not pin the caller's table.
-        assert_eq!(table.version().await.unwrap(), 8);
-
-        // An explicit checkout is copied as-is and remains checked out afterward.
-        expected_snapshot.store(6, Ordering::SeqCst);
-        table.checkout(6).await.unwrap();
-        let permutation = PermutationBuilder::new(table.clone())
-            .with_filter("value > 0".to_string())
-            .build()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(permutation.count_rows(None).await.unwrap(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(table.version().await.unwrap(), 6);
-        assert_eq!(*planning_versions.lock().unwrap(), vec![7, 7, 6, 6]);
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_permutation_records_base_version() {
-        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-
-        let db = connect(temp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap())
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let initial_data = lance_datagen::gen_batch()
-            .col("col_a", lance_datagen::array::step::<Int32Type>())
-            .into_ldb_stream(RowCount::from(100), BatchCount::from(2));
-        let data_table = db
-            .create_table("base_tbl", initial_data)
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let build_version = data_table.version().await.unwrap();
-        let permutation_table = PermutationBuilder::new(data_table.clone())
-            .build()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let recorded = permutation_table
-            .schema()
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .metadata
-            .get(BASE_VERSION_CONFIG_KEY)
-            .expect("permutation should record the base version")
-            .parse::<u64>()
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(recorded, build_version);
-
-        // Advancing the base table must not move the recorded version.
-        let more_data = lance_datagen::gen_batch()
-            .col("col_a", lance_datagen::array::step::<Int32Type>())
-            .into_ldb_stream(RowCount::from(50), BatchCount::from(1));
-        data_table.add(more_data).execute().await.unwrap();
-        assert!(data_table.version().await.unwrap() > recorded);
-        assert_eq!(
-            permutation_table
-                .schema()
-                .await
-                .unwrap()
-                .metadata
-                .get(BASE_VERSION_CONFIG_KEY)
-                .unwrap()
-                .parse::<u64>()
-                .unwrap(),
-            recorded,
-        );
-    }
-
-    /// Version numbers are per-branch, so a permutation built on a branch must record
-    /// it -- a worker reopens by name and lands on main at the same number.
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_permutation_records_base_branch() {
-        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let db = connect(temp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap())
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let initial_data = lance_datagen::gen_batch()
-            .col("col_a", lance_datagen::array::step::<Int32Type>())
-            .into_ldb_stream(RowCount::from(10), BatchCount::from(1));
-        let data_table = db
-            .create_table("base_tbl", initial_data)
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let branch = data_table
-            .create_branch("exp", lance::dataset::refs::Ref::from(("main", 1)))
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let permutation_table = PermutationBuilder::new(branch.clone())
-            .build()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let metadata = permutation_table.schema().await.unwrap().metadata.clone();
-        assert_eq!(
-            metadata.get(BASE_BRANCH_CONFIG_KEY).map(String::as_str),
-            Some("exp")
-        );
-
-        // Main records nothing, so an absent key keeps meaning main.
-        let main_permutation = PermutationBuilder::new(data_table.clone())
-            .build()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert!(
-            !main_permutation
-                .schema()
-                .await
-                .unwrap()
-                .metadata
-                .contains_key(BASE_BRANCH_CONFIG_KEY)
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_build_does_not_pin_the_callers_table() {
-        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-
-        let db = connect(temp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap())
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let initial_data = lance_datagen::gen_batch()
-            .col("col_a", lance_datagen::array::step::<Int32Type>())
-            .into_ldb_stream(RowCount::from(100), BatchCount::from(1));
-        let data_table = db
-            .create_table("base_tbl", initial_data)
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        PermutationBuilder::new(data_table.clone())
-            .build()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        // The builder pins its own handle; the caller's must still track latest.
-        let more_data = lance_datagen::gen_batch()
-            .col("col_a", lance_datagen::array::step::<Int32Type>())
-            .into_ldb_stream(RowCount::from(50), BatchCount::from(1));
-        data_table.add(more_data).execute().await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(data_table.count_rows(None).await.unwrap(), 150);
-    }
-
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_permutation_builder() {
        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -8,9 +8,7 @@
 //! the rows from a source table that correspond to row IDs stored in a separate table.

 use crate::arrow::{SendableRecordBatchStream, SimpleRecordBatchStream};
-use crate::dataloader::permutation::builder::{
-    BASE_BRANCH_CONFIG_KEY, BASE_VERSION_CONFIG_KEY, SRC_ROW_ID_COL,
-};
+use crate::dataloader::permutation::builder::SRC_ROW_ID_COL;
 use crate::dataloader::permutation::split::SPLIT_ID_COLUMN;
 use crate::error::Error;
 use crate::query::{
@@ -25,7 +23,6 @@ use arrow_array::{RecordBatch, UInt64Array};
 use arrow_schema::SchemaRef;
 use datafusion_expr::{Expr, col, lit};
 use futures::{StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
-use lance::dataset::refs::MAIN_BRANCH;
 use lance::dataset::scanner::DatasetRecordBatchStream;
 use lance::io::RecordBatchStream;
 use lance_arrow::RecordBatchExt;
@@ -72,10 +69,6 @@ impl PermutationReader {
        permutation_table: Option<Arc<dyn BaseTable>>,
        split: u64,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
-        let base_table = match &permutation_table {
-            Some(permutation_table) => Self::pin_base_table(base_table, permutation_table).await?,
-            None => base_table,
-        };
        let mut slf = Self {
            base_table,
            permutation_table,
@@ -96,34 +89,6 @@ impl PermutationReader {
        Ok(slf)
    }

-    /// Pins the base table to the version the permutation was built against.
-    /// Permutations written before that was recorded carry no key and stay unpinned.
-    async fn pin_base_table(
-        base_table: Arc<dyn BaseTable>,
-        permutation_table: &Arc<dyn BaseTable>,
-    ) -> Result<Arc<dyn BaseTable>> {
-        let schema = permutation_table.schema().await?;
-        let Some(raw) = schema.metadata.get(BASE_VERSION_CONFIG_KEY) else {
-            return Ok(base_table);
-        };
-        let version = raw.parse::<u64>().map_err(|e| Error::InvalidInput {
-            message: format!(
-                "Permutation table has an unreadable {} of {:?}: {}",
-                BASE_VERSION_CONFIG_KEY, raw, e
-            ),
-        })?;
-        // The recorded branch, not the handle's: a worker reopens by name and lands
-        // on main, and version numbers are per-branch.
-        let branch = schema
-            .metadata
-            .get(BASE_BRANCH_CONFIG_KEY)
-            .map(String::as_str)
-            .unwrap_or(MAIN_BRANCH);
-        base_table
-            .checkout_branch_version(branch, Some(version))
-            .await
-    }
-
    pub async fn try_from_tables(
        base_table: Arc<dyn BaseTable>,
        permutation_table: Arc<dyn BaseTable>,
@@ -546,13 +511,9 @@ mod tests {
    use lance_datagen::{BatchCount, RowCount};
    use rand::seq::SliceRandom;

-    // Aliased: `test_utils::datagen` exports a trait of the same name.
-    use crate::arrow::LanceDbDatagenExt as _;
    use crate::{
        Table,
        arrow::SendableRecordBatchStream,
-        connect,
-        dataloader::permutation::builder::PermutationBuilder,
        query::{ExecutableQuery, QueryBase},
        test_utils::datagen::{LanceDbDatagenExt, virtual_table},
    };
@@ -584,58 +545,6 @@ mod tests {
        .await
    }

-    /// Compaction moves row addresses, so the reader must read the pinned version.
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_reader_pins_base_version() {
-        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let db = connect(temp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap())
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let data = lance_datagen::gen_batch()
-            .col("idx", lance_datagen::array::step::<Int32Type>())
-            .into_ldb_stream(RowCount::from(20), BatchCount::from(1));
-        let base_table = db.create_table("base_tbl", data).execute().await.unwrap();
-
-        let permutation_table = PermutationBuilder::new(base_table.clone())
-            .build()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        base_table.delete("true").await.unwrap();
-        base_table
-            .optimize(crate::table::OptimizeAction::All)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(base_table.count_rows(None).await.unwrap(), 0);
-
-        let reader = PermutationReader::try_from_tables(
-            base_table.base_table().clone(),
-            permutation_table.base_table().clone(),
-            0,
-        )
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let values = collect_from_stream::<Int32Type>(
-            reader
-                .read(
-                    Select::Columns(vec!["idx".to_string()]),
-                    QueryExecutionOptions::default(),
-                )
-                .await
-                .unwrap(),
-            "idx",
-        )
-        .await;
-        assert_eq!(
-            values.len(),
-            20,
-            "reader should still see the pinned version"
-        );
-    }
-
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_permutation_reader() {
        let base_table = lance_datagen::gen_batch()
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@

 mod sql;

-pub(crate) use sql::canonicalize_sql_predicate;
 pub use sql::expr_to_sql_string;

 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -157,7 +156,7 @@ mod tests {
        use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
        let expr = col("data").eq(lit(ScalarValue::Binary(Some(vec![0xca, 0xfe]))));
        let sql = expr_to_sql_string(&expr).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(sql, "(`data` = X'CAFE')");
+        assert_eq!(sql, "(data = X'CAFE')");
    }

    #[test]
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ mod tests {
        let int_expr = col("id").gt(lit(5i64));
        let combined = bin_expr.and(int_expr);
        let sql = expr_to_sql_string(&combined).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(sql, "((`data` = X'01') AND (id > 5))");
+        assert_eq!(sql, "((data = X'01') AND (id > 5))");
    }

    #[test]
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ mod tests {
        // serialized correctly (regression test for placeholder rewrite path).
        let expr = contains(col("data"), lit(ScalarValue::Binary(Some(vec![0xff]))));
        let sql = expr_to_sql_string(&expr).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(sql, "contains(`data`, X'FF')");
+        assert_eq!(sql, "contains(data, X'FF')");
    }

    #[test]
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@ mod tests {
            .eq(lit(ScalarValue::Binary(Some(vec![0xab, 0xcd]))))
            .not();
        let sql = expr_to_sql_string(&expr).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(sql, "NOT (`data` = X'ABCD')");
+        assert_eq!(sql, "NOT (data = X'ABCD')");
    }

    #[test]
@@ -206,122 +205,6 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(sql.contains("IN"), "expected IN in: {}", sql);
    }

-    #[test]
-    fn test_empty_is_in() {
-        let expr = is_in(col("id"), vec![]);
-        assert_eq!(expr_to_sql_string(&expr).unwrap(), "false");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_empty_is_in_discards_binary_children() {
-        use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
-
-        let expr = is_in(
-            col("payload").eq(lit(ScalarValue::Binary(Some(vec![0x01])))),
-            vec![],
-        );
-        assert_eq!(expr_to_sql_string(&expr).unwrap(), "false");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_keyword_identifier() {
-        let expr = col("null").eq(lit(1i64));
-        assert_eq!(expr_to_sql_string(&expr).unwrap(), "(`null` = 1)");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decimal_literal_preserves_type() {
-        use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
-
-        let expr = col("val").lt(lit(ScalarValue::Decimal128(
-            Some(1_234_567_890_123_456_790),
-            19,
-            18,
-        )));
-        let sql = expr_to_sql_string(&expr).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            sql,
-            "(val < arrow_cast('1.234567890123456790', 'Decimal128(19, 18)'))"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_non_finite_float_literal_preserves_type() {
-        let expr = col("x").lt(lit(f64::INFINITY));
-        assert_eq!(
-            expr_to_sql_string(&expr).unwrap(),
-            "(x < arrow_cast('inf', 'Float64'))"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_cast_uses_arrow_type_name() {
-        let string = expr_cast(col("x"), DataType::Utf8);
-        assert_eq!(
-            expr_to_sql_string(&string).unwrap(),
-            "arrow_cast(x, 'Utf8')"
-        );
-
-        let int32 = expr_cast(col("x"), DataType::Int32);
-        assert_eq!(
-            expr_to_sql_string(&int32).unwrap(),
-            "arrow_cast(x, 'Int32')"
-        );
-
-        let expr = expr_cast(col("x"), DataType::Float16).lt(lit(2.0));
-        assert_eq!(
-            expr_to_sql_string(&expr).unwrap(),
-            "(arrow_cast(x, 'Float16') < 2.0)"
-        );
-
-        let decimal = expr_cast(lit("2.00"), DataType::Decimal256(40, 2));
-        assert_eq!(
-            expr_to_sql_string(&decimal).unwrap(),
-            "arrow_cast('2.00', 'Decimal256(40, 2)')"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_binary_placeholder_does_not_rewrite_user_string() {
-        use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
-
-        let marker = "__lancedb_binary_placeholder_0__";
-        let expr = col("payload")
-            .eq(lit(ScalarValue::Binary(Some(vec![0x01]))))
-            .or(col("text").eq(lit(marker)));
-        assert_eq!(
-            expr_to_sql_string(&expr).unwrap(),
-            "((payload = X'01') OR (`text` = '__lancedb_binary_placeholder_0__'))"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_binary_binding_skips_quoted_identifiers() {
-        use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
-
-        let expr = col("payload")
-            .eq(lit(ScalarValue::Binary(Some(vec![0x01]))))
-            .and(col("odd'name").eq(lit(1i64)))
-            .and(col("odd`'name").eq(lit(2i64)));
-        assert_eq!(
-            expr_to_sql_string(&expr).unwrap(),
-            "(((payload = X'01') AND (`odd'name` = 1)) AND (`odd``'name` = 2))"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_binary_placeholder_collision_search_is_linear() {
-        use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
-
-        let collision_shaped = format!("__lancedb_binary_placeholder_0__{}", "_".repeat(64_000));
-        let expr = col("payload")
-            .eq(lit(ScalarValue::Binary(Some(vec![0x01]))))
-            .and(col("text").eq(lit(collision_shaped.clone())));
-        let sql = expr_to_sql_string(&expr).unwrap();
-        assert!(sql.contains("X'01'"));
-        assert!(sql.contains(&format!("'{collision_shaped}'")));
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn test_multiple_binary_literals() {
        use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
@@ -1,27 +1,10 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors

-use std::{
-    any::TypeId,
-    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
-};
-
-use arrow_array::types::{
-    Decimal32Type, Decimal64Type, Decimal128Type, Decimal256Type, DecimalType,
-};
-use arrow_schema::DataType;
 use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
 use datafusion_common::tree_node::{Transformed, TreeNode, TreeNodeRecursion};
 use datafusion_expr::Expr;
-use datafusion_functions::core::expr_fn::{
-    arrow_cast as datafusion_arrow_cast, arrow_try_cast as datafusion_arrow_try_cast,
-};
-use datafusion_sql::sqlparser::{
-    dialect::{Dialect as SqlParserDialect, GenericDialect},
-    keywords::ALL_KEYWORDS,
-    tokenizer::{Token, Tokenizer},
-};
-use datafusion_sql::unparser::{self, dialect::Dialect as UnparserDialect};
+use datafusion_sql::unparser::{self, dialect::Dialect};

 /// Unparser dialect that matches the quoting style expected by the Lance SQL
 /// parser.  Lance uses backtick (`` ` ``) as the only delimited-identifier
@@ -36,74 +19,17 @@ use datafusion_sql::unparser::{self, dialect::Dialect as UnparserDialect};
 ///   lower-case by the SQL parser, which would break case-sensitive schemas).
 struct LanceSqlDialect;

-impl UnparserDialect for LanceSqlDialect {
+impl Dialect for LanceSqlDialect {
    fn identifier_quote_style(&self, identifier: &str) -> Option<char> {
-        let identifier_upper = identifier.to_ascii_uppercase();
-        let needs_quote =
-            (identifier_upper != "ID" && ALL_KEYWORDS.contains(&identifier_upper.as_str()))
-                || identifier.chars().any(|c| c.is_ascii_uppercase())
-                || !identifier.chars().enumerate().all(|(i, c)| {
-                    c == '_' || c.is_ascii_alphabetic() || (i > 0 && c.is_ascii_digit())
-                });
+        let needs_quote = identifier.chars().any(|c| c.is_ascii_uppercase())
+            || !identifier
+                .chars()
+                .enumerate()
+                .all(|(i, c)| c == '_' || c.is_ascii_alphabetic() || (i > 0 && c.is_ascii_digit()));
        if needs_quote { Some('`') } else { None }
    }
 }

-/// Lance's tokenizer dialect with SQL-standard double-quoted identifiers added.
-///
-/// Keep this deliberately small: Lance's parser wraps `GenericDialect` and
-/// delegates only identifier recognition, leaving every other dialect option at
-/// its default. In particular, `/*! ... */` remains an ordinary block comment.
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
-struct PredicateDialect(GenericDialect);
-
-impl SqlParserDialect for PredicateDialect {
-    fn dialect(&self) -> TypeId {
-        self.0.dialect()
-    }
-
-    fn is_identifier_start(&self, ch: char) -> bool {
-        self.0.is_identifier_start(ch)
-    }
-
-    fn is_identifier_part(&self, ch: char) -> bool {
-        self.0.is_identifier_part(ch)
-    }
-
-    fn is_delimited_identifier_start(&self, ch: char) -> bool {
-        ch == '"' || ch == '`'
-    }
-}
-
-/// Canonicalize a raw SQL predicate for Lance's parser.
-///
-/// Lance wraps [`GenericDialect`] for identifier recognition while retaining the
-/// default dialect behavior for every other lexical option. [`PredicateDialect`]
-/// mirrors that contract and additionally recognizes `"` as an identifier
-/// delimiter, allowing this function to rewrite only those identifier tokens.
-pub fn canonicalize_sql_predicate(predicate: &str) -> crate::Result<String> {
-    let dialect = PredicateDialect::default();
-    let tokens = Tokenizer::new(&dialect, predicate)
-        .with_unescape(false)
-        .tokenize()
-        .map_err(|err| crate::Error::InvalidInput {
-            message: format!("invalid SQL predicate: {err}"),
-        })?;
-
-    Ok(tokens
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|token| match token {
-            Token::Word(word) if word.quote_style == Some('"') => {
-                // with_unescape(false) retains doubled double quotes. Decode
-                // those before escaping any backticks for Lance's delimiter.
-                let identifier = word.value.replace("\"\"", "\"").replace('`', "``");
-                format!("`{identifier}`")
-            }
-            other => other.to_string(),
-        })
-        .collect())
-}
-
 /// Prefix for placeholder strings inserted in place of binary literals.  Chosen
 /// to be extremely unlikely to occur in user data.
 const BINARY_PLACEHOLDER_PREFIX: &str = "__lancedb_binary_placeholder_";
@@ -113,128 +39,24 @@ fn bytes_to_hex_sql(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
    format!("X'{hex}'")
 }

-fn string_literals(expr: &Expr) -> HashSet<String> {
-    let mut literals = HashSet::new();
+/// Returns true if *expr* contains a `Binary` or `LargeBinary` scalar literal
+/// anywhere in its subtree.  DataFusion's SQL unparser cannot serialize those
+/// variants, so we route such expressions through a placeholder-substitution
+/// path that emits SQL `X'...'` byte-string literals.
+fn has_binary_literal(expr: &Expr) -> bool {
+    let mut found = false;
    let _ = expr.apply(&mut |e: &Expr| {
-        if let Expr::Literal(
-            ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(value))
-            | ScalarValue::LargeUtf8(Some(value))
-            | ScalarValue::Utf8View(Some(value)),
-            _,
-        ) = e
-        {
-            literals.insert(value.clone());
-        }
-        Ok(TreeNodeRecursion::Continue)
-    });
-    literals
-}
-
-fn typed_string_literal(value: String, data_type: DataType) -> Expr {
-    datafusion_arrow_cast(
-        Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(value)), None),
-        Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(data_type.to_string())), None),
-    )
-}
-
-fn next_binary_placeholder(user_strings: &HashSet<String>, next_id: &mut usize) -> String {
-    loop {
-        let placeholder = format!("{BINARY_PLACEHOLDER_PREFIX}{}__", *next_id);
-        *next_id += 1;
-        if !user_strings.contains(&placeholder) {
-            return placeholder;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn bind_binary_literals(
-    sql: &str,
-    mut bindings: HashMap<String, Vec<u8>>,
-) -> crate::Result<String> {
-    let bytes = sql.as_bytes();
-    let mut output = Vec::with_capacity(bytes.len());
-    let mut index = 0;
-
-    // Walk SQL string tokens once. Placeholders are plain, unescaped string
-    // literals, so this remains linear even when user strings are large or
-    // deliberately resemble the placeholder prefix.
-    while index < bytes.len() {
-        if bytes[index] == b'`' {
-            let identifier_start = index;
-            index += 1;
-            let mut identifier_end = None;
-            while index < bytes.len() {
-                if bytes[index] == b'`' {
-                    if index + 1 < bytes.len() && bytes[index + 1] == b'`' {
-                        index += 2;
-                    } else {
-                        index += 1;
-                        identifier_end = Some(index);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    index += 1;
-                }
-            }
-
-            let Some(identifier_end) = identifier_end else {
-                return Err(crate::Error::InvalidInput {
-                    message: "unterminated identifier while binding binary literal".to_string(),
-                });
-            };
-            output.extend_from_slice(&bytes[identifier_start..identifier_end]);
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if bytes[index] != b'\'' {
-            output.push(bytes[index]);
-            index += 1;
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        let literal_start = index;
-        index += 1;
-        let content_start = index;
-        let mut escaped = false;
-        let mut content_end = None;
-        while index < bytes.len() {
-            if bytes[index] == b'\'' {
-                if index + 1 < bytes.len() && bytes[index + 1] == b'\'' {
-                    escaped = true;
-                    index += 2;
-                } else {
-                    content_end = Some(index);
-                    index += 1;
-                    break;
-                }
-            } else {
-                index += 1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        let Some(content_end) = content_end else {
-            return Err(crate::Error::InvalidInput {
-                message: "unterminated string while binding binary literal".to_string(),
-            });
-        };
-
-        let placeholder = &sql[content_start..content_end];
-        if !escaped && let Some(value) = bindings.remove(placeholder) {
-            output.extend_from_slice(bytes_to_hex_sql(&value).as_bytes());
+        if matches!(
+            e,
+            Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::Binary(_) | ScalarValue::LargeBinary(_), _)
+        ) {
+            found = true;
+            Ok(TreeNodeRecursion::Stop)
        } else {
-            output.extend_from_slice(&bytes[literal_start..index]);
+            Ok(TreeNodeRecursion::Continue)
        }
-    }
-
-    if !bindings.is_empty() {
-        return Err(crate::Error::InvalidInput {
-            message: "failed to bind binary literal while serializing expression".to_string(),
-        });
-    }
-
-    String::from_utf8(output).map_err(|e| crate::Error::InvalidInput {
-        message: format!("failed to bind binary literal: {e}"),
-    })
+    });
+    found
 }

 fn run_unparser(expr: &Expr) -> crate::Result<String> {
@@ -247,37 +69,25 @@ fn run_unparser(expr: &Expr) -> crate::Result<String> {
 }

 pub fn expr_to_sql_string(expr: &Expr) -> crate::Result<String> {
-    // DataFusion's unparser needs a few adaptations before its SQL can be
-    // reparsed by Lance without changing the typed expression's semantics:
-    //
-    // * decimal literals need an explicit cast to preserve precision and scale;
-    // * casts need exact Arrow type names rather than SQL type aliases;
-    // * an empty IN list is valid in DataFusion but invalid SQL;
-    // * binary literals are unsupported by the unparser and need placeholders.
-    // Eliminate empty membership expressions before visiting their children.
-    // Otherwise a discarded binary child could leave behind a stale binding.
+    // Fast path: no binary literals — DataFusion's unparser handles everything.
+    if !has_binary_literal(expr) {
+        return run_unparser(expr);
+    }
+
+    // Slow path: DataFusion's unparser cannot serialize `Binary`/`LargeBinary`
+    // scalars, so we rewrite each one to a unique string-literal placeholder,
+    // let the unparser do the rest of the work, then substitute the SQL
+    // `X'...'` byte-string literal back in.  This keeps the operator/function
+    // serialization logic centralized in DataFusion and works for every
+    // expression node type the unparser supports.
+    let mut bindings: Vec<Vec<u8>> = Vec::new();
    let rewritten = expr
        .clone()
-        .transform(|e: Expr| match e {
-            Expr::InList(in_list) if in_list.list.is_empty() => Ok(Transformed::yes(
-                Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::Boolean(Some(in_list.negated)), None),
-            )),
-            other => Ok(Transformed::no(other)),
-        })
-        .map_err(|e| crate::Error::InvalidInput {
-            message: format!("failed to rewrite expression: {e}"),
-        })?
-        .data;
-
-    let user_strings = string_literals(&rewritten);
-    let mut next_placeholder_id = 0;
-    let mut binary_bindings = HashMap::new();
-    let rewritten = rewritten
        .transform(|e: Expr| match e {
            Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes)), m)
            | Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::LargeBinary(Some(bytes)), m) => {
-                let placeholder = next_binary_placeholder(&user_strings, &mut next_placeholder_id);
-                binary_bindings.insert(placeholder.clone(), bytes);
+                let placeholder = format!("{}{}__", BINARY_PLACEHOLDER_PREFIX, bindings.len());
+                bindings.push(bytes);
                Ok(Transformed::yes(Expr::Literal(
                    ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(placeholder)),
                    m,
@@ -287,57 +97,6 @@ pub fn expr_to_sql_string(expr: &Expr) -> crate::Result<String> {
            | Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::LargeBinary(None), m) => {
                Ok(Transformed::yes(Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::Null, m)))
            }
-            Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::Decimal32(Some(value), precision, scale), _m) => {
-                let value = Decimal32Type::format_decimal(value, precision, scale);
-                Ok(Transformed::yes(typed_string_literal(
-                    value,
-                    DataType::Decimal32(precision, scale),
-                )))
-            }
-            Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::Decimal64(Some(value), precision, scale), _m) => {
-                let value = Decimal64Type::format_decimal(value, precision, scale);
-                Ok(Transformed::yes(typed_string_literal(
-                    value,
-                    DataType::Decimal64(precision, scale),
-                )))
-            }
-            Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::Decimal128(Some(value), precision, scale), _m) => {
-                let value = Decimal128Type::format_decimal(value, precision, scale);
-                Ok(Transformed::yes(typed_string_literal(
-                    value,
-                    DataType::Decimal128(precision, scale),
-                )))
-            }
-            Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::Decimal256(Some(value), precision, scale), _m) => {
-                let value = Decimal256Type::format_decimal(value, precision, scale);
-                Ok(Transformed::yes(typed_string_literal(
-                    value,
-                    DataType::Decimal256(precision, scale),
-                )))
-            }
-            Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::Float16(Some(value)), _m) if !value.is_finite() => Ok(
-                Transformed::yes(typed_string_literal(value.to_string(), DataType::Float16)),
-            ),
-            Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::Float32(Some(value)), _m) if !value.is_finite() => Ok(
-                Transformed::yes(typed_string_literal(value.to_string(), DataType::Float32)),
-            ),
-            Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::Float64(Some(value)), _m) if !value.is_finite() => Ok(
-                Transformed::yes(typed_string_literal(value.to_string(), DataType::Float64)),
-            ),
-            Expr::Cast(cast) => Ok(Transformed::yes(datafusion_arrow_cast(
-                *cast.expr,
-                Expr::Literal(
-                    ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(cast.field.data_type().to_string())),
-                    None,
-                ),
-            ))),
-            Expr::TryCast(cast) => Ok(Transformed::yes(datafusion_arrow_try_cast(
-                *cast.expr,
-                Expr::Literal(
-                    ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(cast.field.data_type().to_string())),
-                    None,
-                ),
-            ))),
            other => Ok(Transformed::no(other)),
        })
        .map_err(|e| crate::Error::InvalidInput {
@@ -345,58 +104,12 @@ pub fn expr_to_sql_string(expr: &Expr) -> crate::Result<String> {
        })?
        .data;

-    let sql = run_unparser(&rewritten)?;
-    if binary_bindings.is_empty() {
-        Ok(sql)
-    } else {
-        bind_binary_literals(&sql, binary_bindings)
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::canonicalize_sql_predicate;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn normalizes_double_quoted_identifiers() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            canonicalize_sql_predicate(r#""PartyAbbrev" = 'D'"#).unwrap(),
-            "`PartyAbbrev` = 'D'"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            canonicalize_sql_predicate(r#""MetaData"."userId" = 5"#).unwrap(),
-            "`MetaData`.`userId` = 5"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            canonicalize_sql_predicate(r#""a""b" = 1"#).unwrap(),
-            "`a\"b` = 1"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn preserves_quotes_inside_literals_and_backticks() {
-        let filter = r#"name = 'Alice "Ace"' AND `quoted"field` = 1"#;
-        assert_eq!(canonicalize_sql_predicate(filter).unwrap(), filter);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn preserves_literals_and_comments_using_lance_dialect_rules() {
-        let predicate = r#"path = '\' AND "PartyAbbrev" = 'D' -- unmatched " in comment"#;
-        assert_eq!(
-            canonicalize_sql_predicate(predicate).unwrap(),
-            r#"path = '\' AND `PartyAbbrev` = 'D' -- unmatched " in comment"#
-        );
-
-        let predicate = r#"id = 1 /* unmatched " in block comment */"#;
-        assert_eq!(canonicalize_sql_predicate(predicate).unwrap(), predicate);
-
-        let predicate = r#"id = 1 /*! OR "PartyAbbrev" = 'D' */"#;
-        assert_eq!(canonicalize_sql_predicate(predicate).unwrap(), predicate);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn rejects_unterminated_double_quoted_identifier() {
-        let error = canonicalize_sql_predicate(r#""PartyAbbrev = 'D'"#).unwrap_err();
-        assert!(matches!(error, crate::Error::InvalidInput { .. }));
+    let mut sql = run_unparser(&rewritten)?;
+    for (i, bytes) in bindings.iter().enumerate() {
+        // The unparser quotes string literals with single quotes, so the
+        // placeholder appears as `'__lancedb_binary_placeholder_<i>__'`.
+        let quoted = format!("'{}{}__'", BINARY_PLACEHOLDER_PREFIX, i);
+        sql = sql.replace(&quoted, &bytes_to_hex_sql(bytes));
    }
+    Ok(sql)
 }
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 //! backend-neutral terminal result of a computed-column refresh.
 //!
 //! This module contains client/wire values only. Catalog persistence,
-//! environment bake, and execution are owned by Sophon.
+//! environment bake, secret resolution, and execution are owned by Sophon.

 use std::collections::BTreeMap;

@@ -186,9 +186,6 @@ pub struct PythonEnvironmentSpec {
    pub kind: String,
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
    pub packages: Vec<String>,
-    /// Conda channels in priority order; conda environments only.
-    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
-    pub channels: Vec<String>,
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub path: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
@@ -198,6 +195,9 @@ pub struct PythonEnvironmentSpec {
 }

 /// Reproducible Python runtime definition understood by Sophon.
+///
+/// `env` contains non-secret values. Secret values have no client model;
+/// [`FunctionVersion::required_secrets`] contains names only.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum PythonRuntimeSpec {
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ impl PythonRuntimeSpec {
        }
    }

-    /// Environment variables, or `None` for an unknown kind.
+    /// Non-secret environment variables, or `None` for an unknown kind.
    pub fn env(&self) -> Option<&BTreeMap<String, String>> {
        match self {
            Self::Python { env, .. } => Some(env),
@@ -324,6 +324,8 @@ pub struct FunctionVersion {
    runtime: PythonRuntimeSpec,
    runtime_digest: String,
    environment_digest: String,
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
+    required_secrets: Vec<String>,
    created_at: String,
 }

@@ -356,6 +358,11 @@ impl FunctionVersion {
        &self.environment_digest
    }

+    /// Required secret names. Resolved values exist only inside Sophon.
+    pub fn required_secrets(&self) -> &[String] {
+        &self.required_secrets
+    }
+
    pub fn created_at(&self) -> &str {
        &self.created_at
    }
@@ -397,12 +404,18 @@ pub struct FunctionArtifactRequest {
 }

 /// Stable request envelope for remote immutable Function registration.
+///
+/// Secret values deliberately have no field in this model. The only secret
+/// material the client may send is the ordered set of names Sophon resolves
+/// inside the remote runtime.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct FunctionRegistrationRequest {
    pub name: String,
    pub artifact: FunctionArtifactRequest,
    pub signature: FunctionSignature,
    pub runtime: PythonRuntimeSpec,
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
+    pub required_secrets: Vec<String>,
 }

 impl_json!(FunctionRegistrationRequest);
@@ -433,6 +446,7 @@ pub struct FunctionApplication {
    function: FunctionVersionRef,
    inputs: Vec<ApplicationInput>,
    output: FunctionOutput,
+    group_id: String,
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "BTreeMap::is_empty")]
    columns: BTreeMap<String, String>,
    #[serde(default, flatten, skip_serializing)]
@@ -454,6 +468,10 @@ impl FunctionApplication {
        &self.output
    }

+    pub fn group_id(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.group_id
+    }
+
    pub fn columns(&self) -> &BTreeMap<String, String> {
        &self.columns
    }
@@ -495,7 +513,7 @@ pub struct InputBinding {
    pub nullable: bool,
 }

-/// Ordered result-field to table-field mapping for a Function binding.
+/// Ordered result-field to table-field mapping for a grouped binding.
 ///
 /// Assignment state is not part of the Slice 1 client contract. During the
 /// NULL transition there is no public Lance cell-flag identifier to persist.
@@ -509,18 +527,20 @@ pub struct OutputMapping {
    pub nullable: bool,
 }

-/// Immutable Function binding persisted by the Enterprise table service.
+/// Immutable grouped binding persisted by the Enterprise table service.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct FunctionBinding {
    binding_id: String,
+    revision: u64,
    function: FunctionVersionRef,
+    group_id: String,
    inputs: Vec<InputBinding>,
    outputs: Vec<OutputMapping>,
    /// Exact Arrow schema presented to the Function, encoded with the Lance
    /// Namespace Arrow JSON representation.
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    input_schema: Option<Value>,
-    /// Exact physical Arrow schema of the binding's table outputs.
+    /// Exact physical Arrow schema of the grouped table outputs.
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    output_schema: Option<Value>,
 }
@@ -530,10 +550,18 @@ impl FunctionBinding {
        &self.binding_id
    }

+    pub fn revision(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.revision
+    }
+
    pub fn function(&self) -> &FunctionVersionRef {
        &self.function
    }

+    pub fn group_id(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.group_id
+    }
+
    pub fn inputs(&self) -> &[InputBinding] {
        &self.inputs
    }
@@ -586,26 +614,3 @@ impl RefreshColumnResult {
 }

 impl_json!(RefreshColumnResult);
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod conda_environment_tests {
-    use super::PythonEnvironmentSpec;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn conda_channels_round_trip_and_pip_stays_bare() {
-        let conda: PythonEnvironmentSpec = serde_json::from_str(
-            r#"{"kind":"conda","packages":["numpy"],"channels":["conda-forge"]}"#,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(conda.channels, ["conda-forge"]);
-        assert!(
-            serde_json::to_string(&conda)
-                .unwrap()
-                .contains(r#""channels":["conda-forge"]"#)
-        );
-
-        let pip: PythonEnvironmentSpec =
-            serde_json::from_str(r#"{"kind":"pip","packages":["numpy"]}"#).unwrap();
-        assert!(!serde_json::to_string(&pip).unwrap().contains("channels"));
-    }
-}
@@ -63,5 +63,4 @@ pub struct FmIndexBuilder {}
 pub use lance_index::scalar::FullTextSearchQuery;
 pub use lance_index::scalar::InvertedIndexParams as FtsIndexBuilder;
 pub use lance_index::scalar::InvertedIndexParams;
-pub use lance_index::scalar::inverted::DocumentGranularity;
 pub use lance_index::scalar::inverted::query::*;
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use lance::io::WrappingObjectStore;
 use object_store::{
    CopyOptions, Error, GetOptions, GetResult, ListResult, MultipartUpload, ObjectMeta,
    ObjectStore, ObjectStoreExt, PutMultipartOptions, PutOptions, PutPayload, PutResult, Result,
-    UploadPart, list::PaginatedListStore, path::Path,
+    UploadPart, path::Path,
 };

 use async_trait::async_trait;
@@ -187,14 +187,6 @@ impl WrappingObjectStore for MirroringObjectStoreWrapper {
            secondary: self.secondary.clone(),
        })
    }
-
-    fn wrap_paginated(
-        &self,
-        _store_prefix: &str,
-        original: Arc<dyn PaginatedListStore>,
-    ) -> Option<Arc<dyn PaginatedListStore>> {
-        Some(original)
-    }
 }

 // windows pathing can't be simply concatenated
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use lance::io::WrappingObjectStore;
 use object_store::{
    CopyOptions, GetOptions, GetResult, ListResult, MultipartUpload, ObjectMeta, ObjectStore,
    PutMultipartOptions, PutOptions, PutPayload, PutResult, RenameOptions, Result as OSResult,
-    UploadPart, list::PaginatedListStore, path::Path,
+    UploadPart, path::Path,
 };

 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
@@ -57,14 +57,6 @@ impl WrappingObjectStore for IoStatsHolder {
            stats: self.0.clone(),
        })
    }
-
-    fn wrap_paginated(
-        &self,
-        _store_prefix: &str,
-        original: Arc<dyn PaginatedListStore>,
-    ) -> Option<Arc<dyn PaginatedListStore>> {
-        Some(original)
-    }
 }

 impl IoTrackingStore {
@@ -47,10 +47,6 @@ impl TerminalResult {
        }
    }

-    pub(crate) fn value(&self) -> Option<&Value> {
-        self.value.as_ref()
-    }
-
    fn decode<T: DeserializeOwned>(self) -> Result<T> {
        let value = self.value.ok_or_else(|| match &self.request_id {
            Some(request_id) => Error::Http {
@@ -170,15 +170,6 @@ pub(crate) fn plan(
    filter: Option<&str>,
    limit: Option<u64>,
 ) -> Result<(MaterializedViewDefinition, Vec<ArrowField>, Lineage)> {
-    let filter = filter
-        .map(crate::expr::canonicalize_sql_predicate)
-        .transpose()
-        .map_err(|err| match err {
-            Error::InvalidInput { message } => Error::InvalidInput {
-                message: format!("invalid view filter: {message}"),
-            },
-            err => err,
-        })?;
    let projections: Vec<(String, String)> = if projections.is_empty() {
        source_schema
            .fields()
@@ -283,7 +274,7 @@ pub(crate) fn plan(
        declared.push(output);
    }

-    if let Some(filter) = filter.as_deref() {
+    if let Some(filter) = filter {
        let expr = planner
            .parse_filter(filter)
            .map_err(|e| Error::InvalidInput {
@@ -323,7 +314,7 @@ pub(crate) fn plan(
            .into_iter()
            .map(|(output, expression)| ViewProjection { output, expression })
            .collect(),
-        filter,
+        filter: filter.map(String::from),
        limit,
        inputs,
    };
@@ -46,9 +46,8 @@ use lance_table::format::Fragment;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

 use super::{
-    DEFINITION_META_KEY, INCARNATION_META_KEY, MaterializedViewDefinition,
-    REFRESHED_AT_MS_META_KEY, SOURCE_ROW_ID_COLUMN, SOURCE_VERSION_META_KEY,
-    definition_to_metadata,
+    INCARNATION_META_KEY, MaterializedViewDefinition, REFRESHED_AT_MS_META_KEY,
+    SOURCE_ROW_ID_COLUMN, SOURCE_VERSION_META_KEY,
 };
 use crate::database::OpenTableRequest;
 use crate::table::{NativeTable, NativeTableExt, Table};
@@ -198,28 +197,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn execute_refresh(
            ),
        });
    }
-    let definition_changed =
-        definition.filter != replanned.filter || definition.inputs != replanned.inputs;
    let definition = &replanned;

-    // A watermark written for a legacy raw filter certifies the rows that
-    // filter produced, not the canonical predicate above. Rebuild instead of
-    // accepting or advancing it, and persist the migrated definition in the
-    // same metadata commit that certifies the replacement rows.
-    if definition_changed {
-        return rebuild(
-            view_native,
-            &view_ds,
-            &source_ds,
-            source_version,
-            source_ts,
-            definition,
-            true,
-            expected_incarnation,
-        )
-        .await;
-    }
-
    let metadata = &view_ds.schema().metadata;
    let watermark: Option<u64> = metadata
        .get(SOURCE_VERSION_META_KEY)
@@ -278,7 +257,6 @@ pub(crate) async fn execute_refresh(
                        source_version,
                        source_ts,
                        definition,
-                        false,
                        expected_incarnation,
                    )
                    .await
@@ -293,7 +271,6 @@ pub(crate) async fn execute_refresh(
                source_version,
                source_ts,
                definition,
-                false,
                expected_incarnation,
            )
            .await
@@ -706,7 +683,6 @@ async fn incremental(
            view_ds.clone(),
            source_version,
            source_ts,
-            None,
            expected_incarnation,
        )
        .await?;
@@ -728,7 +704,6 @@ async fn incremental(
            published,
            source_version,
            source_ts,
-            None,
            expected_incarnation,
        )
        .await?;
@@ -800,7 +775,6 @@ async fn incremental(
            published,
            source_version,
            source_ts,
-            None,
            expected_incarnation,
        )
        .await?;
@@ -850,14 +824,12 @@ async fn incremental(
        appended,
        source_version,
        source_ts,
-        None,
        expected_incarnation,
    )
    .await?;
    Ok(Some(result))
 }

-#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 async fn rebuild(
    view_native: &NativeTable,
    view_ds: &Dataset,
@@ -865,7 +837,6 @@ async fn rebuild(
    source_version: u64,
    source_ts: u128,
    definition: &MaterializedViewDefinition,
-    persist_definition: bool,
    expected_incarnation: Option<&str>,
 ) -> Result<RefreshMaterializedViewResult> {
    let rows_written = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0));
@@ -896,7 +867,6 @@ async fn rebuild(
        replaced,
        source_version,
        source_ts,
-        persist_definition.then_some(definition),
        expected_incarnation,
    )
    .await?;
@@ -1011,7 +981,6 @@ async fn stamp_watermark(
    mut dataset: Dataset,
    source_version: u64,
    source_ts: u128,
-    definition: Option<&MaterializedViewDefinition>,
    expected_incarnation: Option<&str>,
 ) -> Result<u64> {
    ensure_incarnation(&dataset, expected_incarnation, dataset.uri()).await?;
@@ -1024,32 +993,27 @@ async fn stamp_watermark(
        .get(INCARNATION_META_KEY)
        .cloned()
        .unwrap_or_else(|| uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string());
-    let mut metadata = vec![(INCARNATION_META_KEY.to_string(), Some(incarnation))];
-    if let Some(definition) = definition {
-        metadata.push((
-            DEFINITION_META_KEY.to_string(),
-            Some(definition_to_metadata(definition)?),
-        ));
-    }
-    metadata.extend([
-        (
-            SOURCE_VERSION_META_KEY.to_string(),
-            Some(source_version.to_string()),
-        ),
-        (
-            SOURCE_VERSION_TS_META_KEY.to_string(),
-            Some(source_ts.to_string()),
-        ),
-        (
-            REFRESHED_AT_MS_META_KEY.to_string(),
-            Some(now_ms().to_string()),
-        ),
-        (
-            VIEW_VERSION_META_KEY.to_string(),
-            Some(predicted.to_string()),
-        ),
-    ]);
-    dataset.update_schema_metadata(metadata).await?;
+    dataset
+        .update_schema_metadata([
+            (INCARNATION_META_KEY.to_string(), Some(incarnation)),
+            (
+                SOURCE_VERSION_META_KEY.to_string(),
+                Some(source_version.to_string()),
+            ),
+            (
+                SOURCE_VERSION_TS_META_KEY.to_string(),
+                Some(source_ts.to_string()),
+            ),
+            (
+                REFRESHED_AT_MS_META_KEY.to_string(),
+                Some(now_ms().to_string()),
+            ),
+            (
+                VIEW_VERSION_META_KEY.to_string(),
+                Some(predicted.to_string()),
+            ),
+        ])
+        .await?;
    let actual = dataset.version().version;
    if actual != predicted {
        return Err(Error::Runtime {
@@ -1621,106 +1585,6 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(read(view.table(), "x").await, vec![20, 40]);
    }

-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_mixed_case_filter_is_canonicalized_for_lineage_and_refresh() {
-        let conn = connect("memory://").execute().await.unwrap();
-        let batch = record_batch!(
-            ("id", Int32, [1, 2, 3]),
-            ("PartyAbbrev", Utf8, ["D", "R", "D"])
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        conn.create_table("src", batch)
-            .write_options(crate::materialized_view::tests::stable_row_ids())
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        conn.create_materialized_view("democrats", "src")
-            .select([("id", "id")])
-            .only_if(r#""PartyAbbrev" = 'D'"#)
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        // Reopen from schema metadata so these assertions cover the stored
-        // predicate and lineage, not only the declaration-time handle.
-        let view = conn.open_materialized_view("democrats").await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            view.definition().filter.as_deref(),
-            Some("`PartyAbbrev` = 'D'")
-        );
-        assert_eq!(view.definition().inputs, ["PartyAbbrev", "id"]);
-
-        let result = view.refresh().execute().await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(result.rows_written, 2);
-        assert_eq!(read(view.table(), "id").await, vec![1, 3]);
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_legacy_raw_filter_rebuilds_and_persists_canonical_definition() {
-        let conn = connect("memory://").execute().await.unwrap();
-        let batch = record_batch!(
-            ("id", Int32, [1, 2, 3]),
-            ("PartyAbbrev", Utf8, ["D", "R", "D"])
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        conn.create_table("legacy_src", batch)
-            .write_options(crate::materialized_view::tests::stable_row_ids())
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let view = conn
-            .create_materialized_view("legacy_view", "legacy_src")
-            .select([("id", "id")])
-            .only_if(r#""PartyAbbrev" = 'X'"#)
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(view.refresh().execute().await.unwrap().rows_written, 0);
-
-        // Model a definition and up-to-date watermark written before filter
-        // canonicalization was applied to materialized views.
-        let mut legacy = view.definition().clone();
-        legacy.filter = Some(r#""PartyAbbrev" = 'D'"#.into());
-        legacy.inputs = vec!["id".into()];
-        let native = view.table().as_native().unwrap();
-        let mut dataset = native.dataset.get().await.unwrap().as_ref().clone();
-        let predicted = dataset.version().version + 1;
-        dataset
-            .update_schema_metadata([
-                (
-                    DEFINITION_META_KEY.to_string(),
-                    Some(definition_to_metadata(&legacy).unwrap()),
-                ),
-                (
-                    VIEW_VERSION_META_KEY.to_string(),
-                    Some(predicted.to_string()),
-                ),
-            ])
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        native.dataset.update(dataset);
-
-        let reopened = conn.open_materialized_view("legacy_view").await.unwrap();
-        let result = reopened.refresh().execute().await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(result.mode, RefreshMode::Rebuild);
-        assert_eq!(result.rows_written, 2);
-        assert_eq!(read(reopened.table(), "id").await, vec![1, 3]);
-
-        // A fresh handle proves the migration was stored alongside the new
-        // watermark and therefore happens only once.
-        let migrated = conn.open_materialized_view("legacy_view").await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            migrated.definition().filter.as_deref(),
-            Some("`PartyAbbrev` = 'D'")
-        );
-        assert_eq!(migrated.definition().inputs, ["PartyAbbrev", "id"]);
-        assert_eq!(
-            migrated.refresh().execute().await.unwrap().mode,
-            RefreshMode::NoOp
-        );
-        assert_eq!(read(migrated.table(), "id").await, vec![1, 3]);
-    }
-
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_append_refreshes_incrementally() {
        let (_conn, source, view) = refreshed_doubled(vec![1, 2]).await;
@@ -2903,7 +2767,7 @@ mod tests {
        let stale = view_native.dataset.get().await.unwrap().as_ref().clone();
        view.table().delete("x = 1").await.unwrap();

-        let err = stamp_watermark(view_native, stale, 99, 99, None, None).await;
+        let err = stamp_watermark(view_native, stale, 99, 99, None).await;
        assert!(err.is_err());

        let result = view.refresh().execute().await.unwrap();
@@ -399,9 +399,6 @@ pub trait QueryBase {
    /// x > 5 OR y = 'test'
    /// ```
    ///
-    /// Identifiers may be delimited with SQL-standard double quotes or
-    /// backticks. String literals must use single quotes.
-    ///
    /// Filtering performance can often be improved by creating a scalar index
    /// on the filter column(s).
    ///
@@ -878,7 +875,7 @@ pub struct QueryRequest {
    /// [`crate::Table::set_lsm_write_spec`]) is routed through the LSM scanner so
    /// it also sees data written via the `merge_insert` LSM path that has not yet
    /// been compacted into the base table — the active and frozen in-memory
-    /// memtables and the SSTables, deduplicated by primary key
+    /// memtables and the flushed (L0) generations, deduplicated by primary key
    /// against the base table (newest generation wins); a table without a spec
    /// reads the base table.
    ///
@@ -916,17 +913,6 @@ impl QueryRequest {
    /// use different representations) the error is recorded and surfaced later
    /// by [`Self::check_filter`].
    pub(crate) fn add_filter(&mut self, new: QueryFilter) {
-        let new = match new {
-            QueryFilter::Sql(filter) => match crate::expr::canonicalize_sql_predicate(&filter) {
-                Ok(filter) => QueryFilter::Sql(filter),
-                Err(err) => {
-                    self.filter_error = Some(err.to_string());
-                    return;
-                }
-            },
-            other => other,
-        };
-
        self.filter = Some(match self.filter.take() {
            None => new,
            Some(existing) => match and_filters(existing, new) {
@@ -1188,12 +1174,12 @@ impl VectorQuery {

    /// Add another query vector to the search.
    ///
-    /// Multiple searches will be dispatched as a batch. Flat searches share
-    /// one table scan across the query vectors, avoiding the scan and memory
-    /// amplification of issuing the searches concurrently. Indexed searches
-    /// may still perform per-vector index work.
+    /// Multiple searches will be dispatched as part of the query.
+    /// This is a convenience method for adding multiple query vectors
+    /// to the search. It is not expected to be faster than issuing
+    /// multiple queries concurrently.
    ///
-    /// The output data will contain an additional column `query_index` which
+    /// The output data will contain an additional columns `query_index` which
    /// will contain the index of the query vector that was used to generate the
    /// result.
    pub fn add_query_vector(mut self, vector: impl IntoQueryVector) -> Result<Self> {
@@ -1660,14 +1646,10 @@ mod tests {
    use std::{collections::HashSet, sync::Arc};

    use super::*;
-    use arrow::{
-        array::downcast_array,
-        compute::concat_batches,
-        datatypes::{Int32Type, UInt8Type},
-    };
+    use arrow::{array::downcast_array, compute::concat_batches, datatypes::Int32Type};
    use arrow_array::{
-        FixedSizeListArray, Float32Array, Int32Array, RecordBatch, RecordBatchIterator,
-        StringArray, cast::AsArray, types::Float32Type,
+        FixedSizeListArray, Float32Array, Int32Array, RecordBatch, StringArray, cast::AsArray,
+        types::Float32Type,
    };
    use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field as ArrowField, Schema as ArrowSchema};
    use futures::{StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
@@ -1792,14 +1774,11 @@ mod tests {
            .postfilter();
        let result = query.execute().await;
        let mut stream = result.expect("should have result");
-        let mut num_rows = 0;
+        // should only have one batch
        while let Some(batch) = stream.next().await {
-            let batch = batch.expect("should be Ok");
-            let ids: &Int32Array = batch["id"].as_primitive();
-            assert!(ids.iter().all(|id| id.unwrap() % 2 == 0));
-            num_rows += batch.num_rows();
+            // post filter should have removed some rows
+            assert!(batch.expect("should be Ok").num_rows() < 10);
        }
-        assert!(num_rows <= 10);

        let query = table
            .query()
@@ -1896,157 +1875,6 @@ mod tests {
        query.execute().await.unwrap();
    }

-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_double_quoted_predicates_across_table_operations() {
-        let tmp_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
-        let dataset_path = tmp_dir.path().join("test.lance");
-        let uri = dataset_path.to_str().unwrap();
-        let schema = Arc::new(ArrowSchema::new(vec![
-            ArrowField::new("id", DataType::Int32, false),
-            ArrowField::new("PartyAbbrev", DataType::Utf8, false),
-            ArrowField::new("path", DataType::Utf8, false),
-        ]));
-        let batch = RecordBatch::try_new(
-            schema.clone(),
-            vec![
-                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3, 4])),
-                Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec!["D", "R", "R", "D"])),
-                Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec!["\\", "\\", "x", "x"])),
-            ],
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let conn = connect(uri).execute().await.unwrap();
-        let table = conn.create_table("parties", batch).execute().await.unwrap();
-        let batches = table
-            .query()
-            .only_if(r#""PartyAbbrev" = 'D'"#)
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(batches.iter().map(RecordBatch::num_rows).sum::<usize>(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(
-            table
-                .count_rows(Some(r#""PartyAbbrev" = 'D'"#.to_string()))
-                .await
-                .unwrap(),
-            2
-        );
-
-        // Public BaseTable dispatch cannot bypass canonicalization.
-        let query = AnyQuery::Query(QueryRequest {
-            filter: Some(QueryFilter::Sql(r#""PartyAbbrev" = 'D'"#.to_string())),
-            ..Default::default()
-        });
-        let batches = table
-            .base_table()
-            .query(&query, Default::default())
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(batches.iter().map(RecordBatch::num_rows).sum::<usize>(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(
-            table
-                .base_table()
-                .count_rows(Some(crate::table::Filter::Sql(
-                    r#""PartyAbbrev" = 'D'"#.to_string(),
-                )))
-                .await
-                .unwrap(),
-            2
-        );
-
-        for predicate in [
-            r#"id = 1 -- unmatched " in a valid SQL comment"#,
-            r#"id = 1 /* unmatched " in a valid SQL comment */"#,
-            r#"id = 1 /*! OR "PartyAbbrev" = 'D' */"#,
-            r#"path = '\' AND "PartyAbbrev" = 'D'"#,
-        ] {
-            let batches = table
-                .query()
-                .only_if(predicate)
-                .execute()
-                .await
-                .unwrap()
-                .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                .await
-                .unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(batches.iter().map(RecordBatch::num_rows).sum::<usize>(), 1);
-        }
-
-        // The same canonical predicate contract applies to both merge filters.
-        let source = RecordBatch::try_new(
-            schema.clone(),
-            vec![
-                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3])),
-                Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec!["D", "R", "R"])),
-                Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec!["\\", "\\", "x"])),
-            ],
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        let mut merge = table.merge_insert(&["id"]);
-        merge.when_not_matched_by_source_delete(Some(r#""PartyAbbrev" = 'D'"#.to_string()));
-        let result = table
-            .base_table()
-            .merge_insert(
-                merge,
-                Box::new(RecordBatchIterator::new(vec![Ok(source)], schema.clone())),
-            )
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(result.num_deleted_rows, 1);
-
-        let source = RecordBatch::try_new(
-            schema.clone(),
-            vec![
-                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3])),
-                Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec!["U", "U", "U"])),
-                Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec!["\\", "\\", "x"])),
-            ],
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        let mut merge = table.merge_insert(&["id"]);
-        merge.when_matched_update_all(Some(r#"target."PartyAbbrev" = 'D'"#.to_string()));
-        merge
-            .execute(Box::new(RecordBatchIterator::new(vec![Ok(source)], schema)))
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            table
-                .count_rows(Some(r#""PartyAbbrev" = 'U'"#.to_string()))
-                .await
-                .unwrap(),
-            1
-        );
-
-        let update = table
-            .update()
-            .only_if(r#""PartyAbbrev" = 'R'"#)
-            .column("PartyAbbrev", "'X'");
-        table.base_table().update(update).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            table
-                .count_rows(Some(r#""PartyAbbrev" = 'X'"#.to_string()))
-                .await
-                .unwrap(),
-            2
-        );
-
-        let result = table
-            .base_table()
-            .delete(crate::table::Predicate::String(r#""PartyAbbrev" = 'X'"#))
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(result.num_deleted_rows, 2);
-        assert_eq!(table.count_rows(None).await.unwrap(), 1);
-    }
-
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_select_with_transform() {
        let batches = make_non_empty_batches();
@@ -2503,8 +2331,7 @@ mod tests {
            .limit(1);

        let plan = query.explain_plan(true).await.unwrap();
-        assert!(plan.contains("KNNVectorDistance: queries=2"));
-        assert!(!plan.contains("UnionExec"));
+        assert!(plan.contains("UnionExec"));

        let results = query
            .execute()
@@ -2519,100 +2346,6 @@ mod tests {
        // We don't guarantee order.
        assert!(query_index.values().contains(&0));
        assert!(query_index.values().contains(&1));
-
-        // Batch KNN does not support a per-query offset, so offset queries keep
-        // the legacy per-vector plan to preserve their result semantics.
-        let offset_query = table
-            .query()
-            .nearest_to(&[0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4])
-            .unwrap()
-            .add_query_vector(&[0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8])
-            .unwrap()
-            .limit(1)
-            .offset(1);
-        assert!(
-            offset_query
-                .explain_plan(true)
-                .await
-                .unwrap()
-                .contains("UnionExec")
-        );
-        let offset_results = offset_query
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            offset_results
-                .iter()
-                .map(RecordBatch::num_rows)
-                .sum::<usize>(),
-            2
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_multiple_binary_query_vectors() {
-        let vectors = FixedSizeListArray::from_iter_primitive::<UInt8Type, _, _>(
-            vec![
-                Some(vec![Some(0), Some(0)]),
-                Some(vec![Some(255), Some(255)]),
-            ],
-            2,
-        );
-        let schema = Arc::new(ArrowSchema::new(vec![
-            ArrowField::new("id", DataType::Int32, false),
-            ArrowField::new("vector", vectors.data_type().clone(), false),
-        ]));
-        let batch = RecordBatch::try_new(
-            schema,
-            vec![Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![0, 1])), Arc::new(vectors)],
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let conn = connect("memory://").execute().await.unwrap();
-        let table = conn
-            .create_table("binary_batch", batch)
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let query = table
-            .query()
-            .nearest_to(&[0.0, 0.0])
-            .unwrap()
-            .add_query_vector(&[255.0, 255.0])
-            .unwrap()
-            .distance_type(DistanceType::Hamming)
-            .limit(1);
-
-        // Binary queries retain the per-vector plan because Lance's binary
-        // nearest path requires primitive UInt8 query arrays.
-        assert!(
-            query
-                .explain_plan(true)
-                .await
-                .unwrap()
-                .contains("UnionExec")
-        );
-
-        let results = query
-            .execute()
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let results = concat_batches(&results[0].schema(), &results).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(results.num_rows(), 2);
-
-        let ids = results["id"].as_primitive::<Int32Type>();
-        assert!(ids.values().contains(&0));
-        assert!(ids.values().contains(&1));
-        let query_index = results["query_index"].as_primitive::<Int32Type>();
-        assert!(query_index.values().contains(&0));
-        assert!(query_index.values().contains(&1));
    }

    #[tokio::test]
@@ -87,10 +87,6 @@ impl ServerVersion {
    pub fn support_blobs(&self) -> bool {
        self.0 >= semver::Version::new(0, 5, 0)
    }
-
-    pub fn support_fts_document_granularity(&self) -> bool {
-        self.0 >= semver::Version::new(0, 6, 0)
-    }
 }

 pub const OPT_REMOTE_PREFIX: &str = "remote_database_";
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More