Bump version: 0.27.0-beta.4 → 0.27.0-beta.5

2026-05-12 17:40:41 +00:00 · 2026-03-09 19:56:38 +00:00
142 changed files with 8254 additions and 12962 deletions
--- a/.bumpversion.toml
+++ b/.bumpversion.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tool.bumpversion]
-current_version = "0.28.0-beta.10"
+current_version = "0.27.0-beta.5"
 parse = """(?x)
    (?P<major>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
    (?P<minor>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/documentation.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/documentation.yml
@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ body:
      label: Link
      description: >
        Provide a link to the existing documentation, if applicable.
-      placeholder: ex. https://docs.lancedb.com/tables/...
+      placeholder: ex. https://lancedb.com/docs/tables/...
    validations:
      required: false
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-version: 2
-
-# Scope: the root Cargo workspace, which produces the Rust binaries we
-# ship to users (the Node.js and Python native extensions). The
-# `rust/lancedb` library crate shares the same lockfile; its consumers
-# pick their own dependency versions, but bumping transitive deps here
-# keeps the binaries we ship current.
-updates:
-  - package-ecosystem: cargo
-    directory: /
-    schedule:
-      interval: weekly
-    open-pull-requests-limit: 10
-    groups:
-      rust-minor-patch:
-        update-types:
-          - minor
-          - patch
--- a/.github/workflows/build_linux_wheel/action.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_linux_wheel/action.yml
@@ -23,10 +23,8 @@ runs:
  steps:
    - name: CONFIRM ARM BUILD
      shell: bash
-      env:
-        ARM_BUILD: ${{ inputs.arm-build }}
      run: |
-        echo "ARM BUILD: $ARM_BUILD"
+        echo "ARM BUILD: ${{ inputs.arm-build }}"
    - name: Build x86_64 Manylinux wheel
      if: ${{ inputs.arm-build == 'false' }}
      uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
--- a/.github/workflows/dev.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/dev.yml
@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@ concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
  labeler:
    permissions:
@@ -18,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Label PR
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: srvaroa/labeler@v1
+      - uses: srvaroa/labeler@master
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
  commitlint:
@@ -27,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Verify PR title / description conforms to semantic-release
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: "18"
      # These rules are disabled because Github will always ensure there
@@ -50,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:

            ${{ github.event.pull_request.body }}
      - if: failure()
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        uses: actions/github-script@v6
        with:
          script: |
            const message = `**ACTION NEEDED**
--- a/.github/workflows/docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docs.yml
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
          python -m pip install --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lance-format/ --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lancedb/ -e .
          python -m pip install --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lance-format/ --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lancedb/ -r ../docs/requirements.txt
      - name: Set up node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: 20
          cache: 'npm'
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          PYTHONPATH=. mkdocs build
      - name: Setup Pages
-        uses: actions/configure-pages@v5
+        uses: actions/configure-pages@v2
      - name: Upload artifact
        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3
        with:
--- a/.github/workflows/java-publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/java-publish.yml
@@ -19,9 +19,6 @@ on:
    paths:
      - .github/workflows/java-publish.yml

-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
  publish:
    name: Build and Publish
--- a/.github/workflows/java.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/java.yml
@@ -24,9 +24,6 @@ on:
      - java/**
      - .github/workflows/java.yml

-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
  build-java:
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
--- a/.github/workflows/license-header-check.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/license-header-check.yml
@@ -10,10 +10,6 @@ on:
      - nodejs/**
      - java/**
      - .github/workflows/license-header-check.yml
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
  check-licenses:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
--- a/.github/workflows/nodejs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nodejs.yml
@@ -7,17 +7,12 @@ on:
  pull_request:
    paths:
      - Cargo.toml
-      - Cargo.lock
-      - rust-toolchain.toml
      - nodejs/**
      - rust/**
      - docs/src/js/**
      - .github/workflows/nodejs.yml
      - docker-compose.yml

-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -42,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
      with:
        fetch-depth: 0
        lfs: true
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
      with:
        node-version: 20
        cache: 'npm'
@@ -82,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
      with:
        fetch-depth: 0
        lfs: true
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
      name: Setup Node.js 20 for build
      with:
        # @napi-rs/cli v3 requires Node >= 20.12 (via @inquirer/prompts@8).
@@ -99,7 +94,7 @@ jobs:
      run: |
        npm ci --include=optional
        npm run build:debug -- --profile ci
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
      name: Setup Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }} for test
      with:
        node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
@@ -148,7 +143,7 @@ jobs:
      with:
        fetch-depth: 0
        lfs: true
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
      with:
        node-version: 20
        cache: 'npm'
--- a/.github/workflows/npm-publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/npm-publish.yml
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ on:
    paths:
      - .github/workflows/npm-publish.yml
      - Cargo.toml # Change in dependency frequently breaks builds
-      - Cargo.lock

 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
@@ -125,12 +124,7 @@ jobs:
            pre_build: |-
              set -e &&
              apt-get update &&
-              apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler pkg-config &&
-              # The base image (manylinux2014-cross) sets TARGET_CC to the old
-              # GCC 4.8 cross-compiler. aws-lc-sys checks TARGET_CC before CC,
-              # so it picks up GCC even though the napi-rs image sets CC=clang.
-              # Override to use the image's clang-18 which supports -fuse-ld=lld.
-              export TARGET_CC=clang TARGET_CXX=clang++
+              apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler pkg-config
          - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
            # This one seems to need some extra memory
            host: ubuntu-2404-8x-x64
@@ -150,10 +144,9 @@ jobs:
              set -e &&
              apt-get update &&
              apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler pkg-config &&
-              export TARGET_CC=clang TARGET_CXX=clang++ &&
-              # The manylinux2014 sysroot has glibc 2.17 headers which lack
-              # AT_HWCAP2 (added in Linux 3.17). Define it for aws-lc-sys.
-              export CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -DAT_HWCAP2=26" &&
+              # https://github.com/aws/aws-lc-rs/issues/737#issuecomment-2725918627
+              ln -s /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.8.5/crtbeginS.o /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/crtbeginS.o &&
+              ln -s /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/gcc /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/gcc &&
              rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
          - target: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
            host: ubuntu-2404-8x-x64
@@ -273,7 +266,7 @@ jobs:
          - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
            host: ubuntu-latest
          - target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
-            host: ubuntu-2404-8x-arm64
+            host: buildjet-16vcpu-ubuntu-2204-arm
        node:
          - '20'
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.settings.host }}
--- a/.github/workflows/pypi-publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pypi-publish.yml
@@ -9,21 +9,14 @@ on:
    paths:
      - .github/workflows/pypi-publish.yml
      - Cargo.toml # Change in dependency frequently breaks builds
-      - Cargo.lock

 env:
  PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL: "https://pypi.fury.io/lance-format/ https://pypi.fury.io/lancedb/"

-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
  linux:
    name: Python ${{ matrix.config.platform }} manylinux${{ matrix.config.manylinux }}
    timeout-minutes: 60
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
-      contents: read
    strategy:
      matrix:
        config:
@@ -63,12 +56,10 @@ jobs:
      - uses: ./.github/workflows/upload_wheel
        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/python-v')
        with:
+          pypi_token: ${{ secrets.LANCEDB_PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
          fury_token: ${{ secrets.FURY_TOKEN }}
  mac:
    timeout-minutes: 90
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
-      contents: read
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.runner }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
@@ -93,12 +84,10 @@ jobs:
      - uses: ./.github/workflows/upload_wheel
        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/python-v')
        with:
+          pypi_token: ${{ secrets.LANCEDB_PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
          fury_token: ${{ secrets.FURY_TOKEN }}
  windows:
    timeout-minutes: 60
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
-      contents: read
    runs-on: windows-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -117,6 +106,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: ./.github/workflows/upload_wheel
        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/python-v')
        with:
+          pypi_token: ${{ secrets.LANCEDB_PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
          fury_token: ${{ secrets.FURY_TOKEN }}
  gh-release:
    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/python-v')
--- a/.github/workflows/python.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/python.yml
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ on:
  pull_request:
    paths:
      - Cargo.toml
-      - Cargo.lock
-      - rust-toolchain.toml
      - python/**
      - rust/**
      - .github/workflows/python.yml
@@ -17,9 +15,6 @@ on:
      - .github/workflows/build_windows_wheel/**
      - .github/workflows/run_tests/**

-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -111,6 +106,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install
        run: |
          pip install --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lance-format/ --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lancedb/ -e .[tests,dev,embeddings]
+          pip install tantivy
          pip install mlx
      - name: Doctest
        run: pytest --doctest-modules python/lancedb
@@ -229,5 +225,6 @@ jobs:
          pip install "pydantic<2"
          pip install pyarrow==16
          pip install --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lance-format/ --extra-index-url https://pypi.fury.io/lancedb/ -e .[tests]
+          pip install tantivy
      - name: Run tests
        run: pytest -m "not slow and not s3_test" -x -v --durations=30 python/tests
--- a/.github/workflows/rust.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/rust.yml
@@ -7,17 +7,9 @@ on:
  pull_request:
    paths:
      - Cargo.toml
-      - Cargo.lock
-      - rust-toolchain.toml
-      - deny.toml
      - rust/**
-      - nodejs/Cargo.toml
-      - python/Cargo.toml
      - .github/workflows/rust.yml

-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -59,17 +51,6 @@ jobs:
      - name: Run clippy (without remote feature)
        run: cargo clippy --profile ci --workspace --tests -- -D warnings

-  deny:
-    # Supply-chain checks: advisories, licenses, banned crates, and source
-    # restrictions. Configuration lives in `deny.toml` at the workspace root.
-    timeout-minutes: 10
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@v2
-        with:
-          command: check advisories bans licenses sources
-
  build-no-lock:
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    timeout-minutes: 30
@@ -225,14 +206,14 @@ jobs:
      - name: Downgrade  dependencies
        # These packages have newer requirements for MSRV
        run: |
-          cargo update -p aws-sdk-bedrockruntime --precise 1.77.0
-          cargo update -p aws-sdk-dynamodb --precise 1.68.0
-          cargo update -p aws-config --precise 1.6.0
-          cargo update -p aws-sdk-kms --precise 1.63.0
-          cargo update -p aws-sdk-s3 --precise 1.79.0
-          cargo update -p aws-sdk-sso --precise 1.62.0
-          cargo update -p aws-sdk-ssooidc --precise 1.63.0
-          cargo update -p aws-sdk-sts --precise 1.63.0
+          cargo update -p aws-sdk-bedrockruntime --precise 1.64.0
+          cargo update -p aws-sdk-dynamodb --precise 1.55.0
+          cargo update -p aws-config --precise 1.5.10
+          cargo update -p aws-sdk-kms --precise 1.51.0
+          cargo update -p aws-sdk-s3 --precise 1.65.0
+          cargo update -p aws-sdk-sso --precise 1.50.0
+          cargo update -p aws-sdk-ssooidc --precise 1.51.0
+          cargo update -p aws-sdk-sts --precise 1.51.0
          cargo update -p home --precise 0.5.9
      - name: cargo +${{ matrix.msrv }} check
        env:
--- a/.github/workflows/update_package_lock_run.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/update_package_lock_run.yml
@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@ name: Update package-lock.json
 on:
  workflow_dispatch:

-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
  publish:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
--- a/.github/workflows/update_package_lock_run_nodejs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/update_package_lock_run_nodejs.yml
@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@ name: Update NodeJs package-lock.json
 on:
  workflow_dispatch:

-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
  publish:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
--- a/.github/workflows/upload_wheel/action.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/upload_wheel/action.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ name: upload-wheel

 description: "Upload wheels to Pypi"
 inputs:
+  pypi_token:
+    required: true
+    description: "release token for the repo"
  fury_token:
    required: true
    description: "release token for the fury repo"
@@ -9,6 +12,12 @@ inputs:
 runs:
  using: "composite"
  steps:
+  - name: Install dependencies
+    shell: bash
+    run: |
+      python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+      pip install twine
+      python3 -m pip install --upgrade pkginfo
  - name: Choose repo
    shell: bash
    id: choose_repo
@@ -18,17 +27,19 @@ runs:
      else
        echo "repo=pypi" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
      fi
-  - name: Publish to Fury
-    if: steps.choose_repo.outputs.repo == 'fury'
+  - name: Publish to PyPI
    shell: bash
    env:
      FURY_TOKEN: ${{ inputs.fury_token }}
+      PYPI_TOKEN: ${{ inputs.pypi_token }}
    run: |
-      WHEEL=$(ls target/wheels/lancedb-*.whl 2> /dev/null | head -n 1)
-      echo "Uploading $WHEEL to Fury"
-      curl -f -F package=@$WHEEL https://$FURY_TOKEN@push.fury.io/lancedb/
-  - name: Publish to PyPI
-    if: steps.choose_repo.outputs.repo == 'pypi'
-    uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
-    with:
-      packages-dir: target/wheels/
+      if [[ ${{ steps.choose_repo.outputs.repo }} == fury ]]; then
+        WHEEL=$(ls target/wheels/lancedb-*.whl 2> /dev/null | head -n 1)
+        echo "Uploading $WHEEL to Fury"
+        curl -f -F package=@$WHEEL https://$FURY_TOKEN@push.fury.io/lancedb/
+      else
+        twine upload --repository ${{ steps.choose_repo.outputs.repo }} \
+          --username __token__ \
+          --password $PYPI_TOKEN \
+          target/wheels/lancedb-*.whl
+      fi
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 [workspace]
 members = ["rust/lancedb", "nodejs", "python"]
+# Python package needs to be built by maturin.
+exclude = ["python"]
 resolver = "2"

 [workspace.package]
@@ -13,20 +15,20 @@ categories = ["database-implementations"]
 rust-version = "1.91.0"

 [workspace.dependencies]
-lance = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", default-features = false, "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-core = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-datagen = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-file = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-io = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", default-features = false, "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-index = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-linalg = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-namespace = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-namespace-impls = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", default-features = false, "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-table = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-testing = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-encoding = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-arrow = { "version" = "=6.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v6.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", default-features = false, "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-core = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-datagen = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-file = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-io = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", default-features = false, "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-index = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-linalg = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace-impls = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", default-features = false, "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-table = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-testing = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-encoding = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-arrow = { "version" = "=3.0.0-rc.3", "tag" = "v3.0.0-rc.3", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
 ahash = "0.8"
 # Note that this one does not include pyarrow
 arrow = { version = "57.2", optional = false }
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@

 # **The Multimodal AI Lakehouse**

-[**How to Install** ](#how-to-install) ✦ [**Detailed Documentation**](https://docs.lancedb.com) ✦ [**Tutorials and Recipes**](https://github.com/lancedb/vectordb-recipes/tree/main) ✦  [**Contributors**](#contributors) 
+[**How to Install** ](#how-to-install) ✦ [**Detailed Documentation**](https://lancedb.com/docs) ✦ [**Tutorials and Recipes**](https://github.com/lancedb/vectordb-recipes/tree/main) ✦  [**Contributors**](#contributors) 

 **The ultimate multimodal data platform for AI/ML applications.** 

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ LanceDB is a central location where developers can build, train and analyze thei

 ## **How to Install**:

-Follow the [Quickstart](https://docs.lancedb.com/quickstart) doc to set up LanceDB locally. 
+Follow the [Quickstart](https://lancedb.com/docs/quickstart/) doc to set up LanceDB locally. 

 **API & SDK:** We also support Python, Typescript and Rust SDKs

--- a/ci/check_lance_release.py
+++ b/ci/check_lance_release.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations

 import argparse
-import functools
 import json
 import os
 import re
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@ SEMVER_RE = re.compile(
 )


-@functools.total_ordering
@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class SemVer:
    major: int
@@ -158,9 +156,7 @@ def read_current_version(repo_root: Path) -> str:


 def determine_latest_tag(tags: Iterable[TagInfo]) -> TagInfo:
-    # Stable releases (no prerelease) are always preferred over pre-releases.
-    # Within each group, standard semver ordering applies.
-    return max(tags, key=lambda tag: (not tag.semver.prerelease, tag.semver))
+    return max(tags, key=lambda tag: tag.semver)


 def write_outputs(args: argparse.Namespace, payload: dict) -> None:
--- a/deny.toml
+++ b/deny.toml
@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-# cargo-deny configuration for LanceDB.
-#
-# Run locally with `cargo deny check`. See
-# https://embarkstudios.github.io/cargo-deny/ for the full reference.
-
-# The set of target triples we care about. cargo-deny will only consider
-# dependencies that are used on at least one of these targets. Keeping this
-# explicit avoids noise from platform-specific crates (e.g. wasm, android,
-# ios) that we never actually ship.
-[graph]
-targets = [
-    "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
-    "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
-    "x86_64-apple-darwin",
-    "aarch64-apple-darwin",
-    "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
-    "aarch64-pc-windows-msvc",
-]
-all-features = true
-
-[output]
-feature-depth = 1
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Advisories: security vulnerabilities and yanked crates.
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-[advisories]
-version = 2
-# Fail the check if any crate in the lockfile has been yanked from crates.io.
-# Yanked crates are a signal the author retracted the release (often due to
-# bugs or security issues) and should not be depended on.
-yanked = "deny"
-# Advisory IDs we have explicitly reviewed and chosen to accept. Every
-# entry must include a rationale and, where possible, an upstream issue
-# pointing to a fix. Revisit this list whenever dependencies are updated.
-ignore = [
-    # rsa: Marvin Attack timing side-channel in PKCS#1 v1.5 decryption.
-    # Reached only through opendal → reqsign → rsa. We do not use RSA
-    # decryption in LanceDB ourselves; this is dormant in the signing path.
-    # No fixed release exists upstream as of this writing.
-    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2023-0071
-    { id = "RUSTSEC-2023-0071", reason = "rsa crate via opendal/reqsign; no fixed upstream release" },
-
-    # instant: unmaintained. Pulled in via backoff → instant. Upstream
-    # recommends switching to `web-time`; fix has to come from backoff.
-    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2024-0384
-    { id = "RUSTSEC-2024-0384", reason = "transitive via backoff; waiting on backoff replacement" },
-
-    # paste: unmaintained (author archived the repo). Used transitively by
-    # datafusion and the arrow ecosystem; widespread, no drop-in replacement.
-    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2024-0436
-    { id = "RUSTSEC-2024-0436", reason = "transitive via datafusion; awaiting ecosystem migration" },
-
-    # tantivy: segfault on malformed input due to missing bounds check.
-    # Pulled in via lance for full-text search. We only feed tantivy
-    # documents we construct ourselves, not attacker-controlled bytes.
-    # Tracked for a lance dependency bump.
-    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2025-0003
-    { id = "RUSTSEC-2025-0003", reason = "tantivy via lance; inputs are internally produced, not user-supplied bytes" },
-
-    # backoff: unmaintained. Reached only via async-openai. Replacement
-    # requires async-openai to migrate (or us to drop async-openai).
-    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2025-0012
-    { id = "RUSTSEC-2025-0012", reason = "transitive via async-openai; waiting on upstream migration" },
-
-    # number_prefix: unmaintained. Transitive via indicatif → hf-hub.
-    # No security impact, just maintenance status.
-    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2025-0119
-    { id = "RUSTSEC-2025-0119", reason = "transitive via hf-hub/indicatif; cosmetic formatting crate" },
-
-    # rustls-pemfile: unmaintained. Reached from two separate chains:
-    # rustls-native-certs 0.6 (via hyper-rustls 0.24) and object_store 0.12.
-    # Both upstream dependencies need to move before we can drop it.
-    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2025-0134
-    { id = "RUSTSEC-2025-0134", reason = "transitive via rustls-native-certs/object_store; waiting on upstream migration" },
-
-    # rustls-webpki 0.101.7 (old major line): name-constraint checks for
-    # URI / wildcard names. Pulled in only via the legacy rustls 0.21 chain
-    # from aws-smithy-http-client. The 0.103 line we actively use is patched.
-    # Clearing the 0.101 copy requires the aws-sdk chain to migrate off
-    # rustls 0.21.
-    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2026-0098
-    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2026-0099
-    { id = "RUSTSEC-2026-0098", reason = "only affects rustls-webpki 0.101 from legacy aws-smithy/rustls 0.21 chain" },
-    { id = "RUSTSEC-2026-0099", reason = "only affects rustls-webpki 0.101 from legacy aws-smithy/rustls 0.21 chain" },
-
-    # rustls-webpki 0.101.7: reachable panic in CRL parsing. Same legacy
-    # rustls 0.21 chain from aws-smithy-http-client as above. The 0.103 line
-    # we actively use is upgraded to 0.103.13 which contains the fix.
-    # https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2026-0104
-    { id = "RUSTSEC-2026-0104", reason = "only affects rustls-webpki 0.101 from legacy aws-smithy/rustls 0.21 chain" },
-]
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Licenses: only allow licenses we've reviewed as compatible with Apache-2.0.
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-[licenses]
-version = 2
-# SPDX identifiers for licenses that are compatible with our Apache-2.0
-# distribution. Additions require legal review.
-allow = [
-    "Apache-2.0",
-    "Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception",
-    "MIT",
-    "BSD-2-Clause",
-    "BSD-3-Clause",
-    "ISC",
-    "Unicode-3.0",
-    "Unicode-DFS-2016",
-    "Zlib",
-    "CC0-1.0",
-    "MPL-2.0",
-    "BSL-1.0",
-    "OpenSSL",
-    # 0BSD ("BSD Zero Clause") is effectively public domain — no attribution
-    # required. Pulled in by `mock_instant`.
-    "0BSD",
-    # bzip2-1.0.6 is the permissive upstream bzip2 license (BSD-like). Pulled
-    # in by `libbz2-rs-sys`, the pure-Rust bzip2 implementation.
-    "bzip2-1.0.6",
-    # CDLA-Permissive-2.0 is a permissive data license used by `webpki-roots`
-    # for the Mozilla CA root bundle. Data-only, distribution-compatible.
-    "CDLA-Permissive-2.0",
-]
-confidence-threshold = 0.8
-# Crates whose license cannot be determined from Cargo metadata but whose
-# license we've manually confirmed from upstream. Keep this list minimal.
-[[licenses.clarify]]
-# polars-arrow-format omits the `license` field in its Cargo.toml, but the
-# upstream repo (pola-rs/polars-arrow-format) is dual-licensed Apache-2.0 OR
-# MIT. See https://github.com/pola-rs/polars-arrow-format/blob/main/LICENSE
-crate = "polars-arrow-format"
-expression = "Apache-2.0 OR MIT"
-license-files = []
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Bans: disallow specific crates and flag dependency hygiene issues.
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-[bans]
-# Warn (not deny) on duplicate versions of the same crate. In a large
-# workspace like this one, duplicates are common and often unavoidable
-# transitively. We surface them to discourage growth, but don't fail CI.
-multiple-versions = "warn"
-# Wildcard version requirements (`foo = "*"`) are a footgun — they let any
-# future release in without review. Ban them outright.
-wildcards = "deny"
-# Internal workspace crates reference each other via `path = "..."`, which
-# cargo-deny sees as a wildcard version. That's fine for private workspace
-# members (not published to crates.io), so allow it specifically for paths.
-allow-wildcard-paths = true
-# Features that, if enabled, should cause the check to fail.
-deny = []
-# Crates to skip when checking for duplicate versions.
-skip = []
-# Similar to `skip`, but also skips the entire transitive subtree.
-skip-tree = []
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Sources: restrict where crates can come from.
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-[sources]
-# Deny any registry other than the ones explicitly listed below.
-unknown-registry = "deny"
-# Deny any git dependency whose host isn't in the allow-list below. This
-# prevents accidental pulls from arbitrary forks.
-unknown-git = "deny"
-allow-registry = ["https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"]
-# Lance is developed in a sibling repo and pulled as a git dependency until
-# releases are cut to crates.io. Allow that specific host.
-allow-git = [
-    "https://github.com/lance-format/lance",
-]
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 version: "3.9"
 services:
  localstack:
-    image: localstack/localstack:4.0
+    image: localstack/localstack:3.3
    ports:
      - 4566:4566
    environment:
--- a/dockerfiles/Dockerfile
+++ b/dockerfiles/Dockerfile
@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
-# Simple base dockerfile that supports basic dependencies required to run lance with FTS and Hybrid Search
-# Usage: docker build -t lancedb:latest -f Dockerfile .
-FROM python:3.12-slim-bookworm
+#Simple base dockerfile that supports basic dependencies required to run lance with FTS and Hybrid Search
+#Usage docker build -t lancedb:latest -f Dockerfile .
+FROM python:3.10-slim-buster

-# Install build dependencies in a single layer
-RUN apt-get update && \
-  apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-    curl \
-    build-essential \
-    protobuf-compiler \
-    git \
-    ca-certificates && \
-  apt-get clean && \
-  rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-
-# Install Rust (pinned installer, non-interactive)
-RUN curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain stable --profile minimal
+# Install Rust
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl build-essential && \
+  curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh -s -- -y

 # Set the environment variable for Rust
 ENV PATH="/root/.cargo/bin:${PATH}"

+# Install protobuf compiler
+RUN apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler && \
+  apt-get clean && \
+  rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+RUN apt-get -y update &&\
+  apt-get -y upgrade && \
+  apt-get -y install git
+
+
 # Verify installations
 RUN python --version && \
  rustc --version && \
  protoc --version

-RUN pip install --no-cache-dir lancedb
+RUN pip install tantivy lancedb
--- a/docs/README.md
+++ b/docs/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # LanceDB Documentation

-LanceDB docs are available at [docs.lancedb.com](https://docs.lancedb.com).
+LanceDB docs are available at [lancedb.com/docs](https://lancedb.com/docs).

 The SDK docs are built and deployed automatically by [Github Actions](../.github/workflows/docs.yml)
 whenever a commit is pushed to the `main` branch. So it is possible for the docs to show
--- a/docs/requirements.txt
+++ b/docs/requirements.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-mkdocs==1.6.1
+mkdocs==1.5.3
 mkdocs-jupyter==0.24.1
-mkdocs-material==9.6.23
-mkdocs-autorefs>=0.5,<=1.0
-mkdocstrings[python]>=0.24,<1.0
-griffe>=0.40,<1.0
-mkdocs-render-swagger-plugin>=0.1.0
-pydantic>=2.0,<3.0
-mkdocs-redirects>=1.2.0
+mkdocs-material==9.5.3
+mkdocs-autorefs<=1.0
+mkdocstrings[python]==0.25.2
+griffe
+mkdocs-render-swagger-plugin
+pydantic
+mkdocs-redirects
--- a/docs/src/java/java.md
+++ b/docs/src/java/java.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Add the following dependency to your `pom.xml`:
 <dependency>
    <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
    <artifactId>lancedb-core</artifactId>
-    <version>0.28.0-beta.10</version>
+    <version>0.27.0-beta.5</version>
 </dependency>
 ```

@@ -57,32 +57,32 @@ LanceNamespace namespaceClient = LanceDbNamespaceClientBuilder.newBuilder()

 ## Metadata Operations

-### Creating a Namespace Path
+### Creating a Namespace

-Namespace paths organize tables hierarchically. Create the desired namespace path before creating tables within it:
+Namespaces organize tables hierarchically. Create a namespace before creating tables within it:

 ```java
 import org.lance.namespace.model.CreateNamespaceRequest;
 import org.lance.namespace.model.CreateNamespaceResponse;

-// Create a child namespace path
+// Create a child namespace
 CreateNamespaceRequest request = new CreateNamespaceRequest();
 request.setId(Arrays.asList("my_namespace"));

 CreateNamespaceResponse response = namespaceClient.createNamespace(request);
 ```

-You can also create nested namespace paths:
+You can also create nested namespaces:

 ```java
-// Create a nested namespace path: parent/child
+// Create a nested namespace: parent/child
 CreateNamespaceRequest request = new CreateNamespaceRequest();
 request.setId(Arrays.asList("parent_namespace", "child_namespace"));

 CreateNamespaceResponse response = namespaceClient.createNamespace(request);
 ```

-### Describing a Namespace Path
+### Describing a Namespace

 ```java
 import org.lance.namespace.model.DescribeNamespaceRequest;
@@ -95,22 +95,22 @@ DescribeNamespaceResponse response = namespaceClient.describeNamespace(request);
 System.out.println("Namespace properties: " + response.getProperties());
 ```

-### Listing Namespace Paths
+### Listing Namespaces

 ```java
 import org.lance.namespace.model.ListNamespacesRequest;
 import org.lance.namespace.model.ListNamespacesResponse;

-// List all namespace paths at the root level
+// List all namespaces at root level
 ListNamespacesRequest request = new ListNamespacesRequest();
 request.setId(Arrays.asList());  // Empty for root

 ListNamespacesResponse response = namespaceClient.listNamespaces(request);
 for (String ns : response.getNamespaces()) {
-    System.out.println("Namespace path: " + ns);
+    System.out.println("Namespace: " + ns);
 }

-// List child namespace paths under a parent path
+// List child namespaces under a parent
 ListNamespacesRequest childRequest = new ListNamespacesRequest();
 childRequest.setId(Arrays.asList("parent_namespace"));

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ ListNamespacesResponse childResponse = namespaceClient.listNamespaces(childReque
 import org.lance.namespace.model.ListTablesRequest;
 import org.lance.namespace.model.ListTablesResponse;

-// List tables in a namespace path
+// List tables in a namespace
 ListTablesRequest request = new ListTablesRequest();
 request.setId(Arrays.asList("my_namespace"));

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ for (String table : response.getTables()) {
 }
 ```

-### Dropping a Namespace Path
+### Dropping a Namespace

 ```java
 import org.lance.namespace.model.DropNamespaceRequest;
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ DropTableResponse response = namespaceClient.dropTable(request);

 ### Creating a Table

-Tables are created within a namespace path by providing data in Apache Arrow IPC format:
+Tables are created within a namespace by providing data in Apache Arrow IPC format:

 ```java
 import org.lance.namespace.LanceNamespace;
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ try (BufferAllocator allocator = new RootAllocator();
    }
    byte[] tableData = out.toByteArray();

-    // Create a table in a namespace path
+    // Create table in a namespace
    CreateTableRequest request = new CreateTableRequest();
    request.setId(Arrays.asList("my_namespace", "my_table"));
    CreateTableResponse response = namespaceClient.createTable(request, tableData);
--- a/docs/src/js/README.md
+++ b/docs/src/js/README.md
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const results = await table.vectorSearch([0.1, 0.3]).limit(20).toArray();
 console.log(results);
 ```

-The [quickstart](https://docs.lancedb.com/quickstart/) contains more complete examples.
+The [quickstart](https://lancedb.com/docs/quickstart/basic-usage/) contains more complete examples.

 ## Development

--- a/docs/src/js/classes/Connection.md
+++ b/docs/src/js/classes/Connection.md
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ sharing the same data, deletion, and index files.
 * **options.sourceVersion?**: `number`
    The version of the source table to clone.

-* **options.targetNamespacePath?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace path for the target table (defaults to root namespace).
+* **options.targetNamespace?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace for the target table (defaults to root namespace).

 #### Returns

@@ -116,13 +116,13 @@ Creates a new empty Table

 `Promise`&lt;[`Table`](Table.md)&gt;

-#### createEmptyTable(name, schema, namespacePath, options)
+#### createEmptyTable(name, schema, namespace, options)

 ```ts
 abstract createEmptyTable(
   name,
   schema,
-   namespacePath?,
+   namespace?,
   options?): Promise<Table>
 ```

@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ Creates a new empty Table
 * **schema**: [`SchemaLike`](../type-aliases/SchemaLike.md)
    The schema of the table

-* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace path to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
+* **namespace?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)

 * **options?**: `Partial`&lt;[`CreateTableOptions`](../interfaces/CreateTableOptions.md)&gt;
    Additional options
@@ -150,10 +150,10 @@ Creates a new empty Table

 ### createTable()

-#### createTable(options, namespacePath)
+#### createTable(options, namespace)

 ```ts
-abstract createTable(options, namespacePath?): Promise<Table>
+abstract createTable(options, namespace?): Promise<Table>
 ```

 Creates a new Table and initialize it with new data.
@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ Creates a new Table and initialize it with new data.
 * **options**: `object` & `Partial`&lt;[`CreateTableOptions`](../interfaces/CreateTableOptions.md)&gt;
    The options object.

-* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace path to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
+* **namespace?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)

 ##### Returns

@@ -197,13 +197,13 @@ Creates a new Table and initialize it with new data.

 `Promise`&lt;[`Table`](Table.md)&gt;

-#### createTable(name, data, namespacePath, options)
+#### createTable(name, data, namespace, options)

 ```ts
 abstract createTable(
   name,
   data,
-   namespacePath?,
+   namespace?,
   options?): Promise<Table>
 ```

@@ -218,8 +218,8 @@ Creates a new Table and initialize it with new data.
    Non-empty Array of Records
    to be inserted into the table

-* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace path to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
+* **namespace?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)

 * **options?**: `Partial`&lt;[`CreateTableOptions`](../interfaces/CreateTableOptions.md)&gt;
    Additional options
@@ -247,15 +247,15 @@ Return a brief description of the connection
 ### dropAllTables()

 ```ts
-abstract dropAllTables(namespacePath?): Promise<void>
+abstract dropAllTables(namespace?): Promise<void>
 ```

 Drop all tables in the database.

 #### Parameters

-* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace path to drop tables from (defaults to root namespace).
+* **namespace?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace to drop tables from (defaults to root namespace).

 #### Returns

@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ Drop all tables in the database.
 ### dropTable()

 ```ts
-abstract dropTable(name, namespacePath?): Promise<void>
+abstract dropTable(name, namespace?): Promise<void>
 ```

 Drop an existing table.
@@ -276,8 +276,8 @@ Drop an existing table.
 * **name**: `string`
    The name of the table to drop.

-* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace path of the table (defaults to root namespace).
+* **namespace?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace of the table (defaults to root namespace).

 #### Returns

@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ Return true if the connection has not been closed
 ```ts
 abstract openTable(
   name,
-   namespacePath?,
+   namespace?,
   options?): Promise<Table>
 ```

@@ -315,8 +315,8 @@ Open a table in the database.
 * **name**: `string`
    The name of the table

-* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace path of the table (defaults to root namespace)
+* **namespace?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace of the table (defaults to root namespace)

 * **options?**: `Partial`&lt;[`OpenTableOptions`](../interfaces/OpenTableOptions.md)&gt;
    Additional options
@@ -349,10 +349,10 @@ Tables will be returned in lexicographical order.

 `Promise`&lt;`string`[]&gt;

-#### tableNames(namespacePath, options)
+#### tableNames(namespace, options)

 ```ts
-abstract tableNames(namespacePath?, options?): Promise<string[]>
+abstract tableNames(namespace?, options?): Promise<string[]>
 ```

 List all the table names in this database.
@@ -361,8 +361,8 @@ Tables will be returned in lexicographical order.

 ##### Parameters

-* **namespacePath?**: `string`[]
-    The namespace path to list tables from (defaults to root namespace)
+* **namespace?**: `string`[]
+    The namespace to list tables from (defaults to root namespace)

 * **options?**: `Partial`&lt;[`TableNamesOptions`](../interfaces/TableNamesOptions.md)&gt;
    options to control the
--- a/docs/src/js/classes/Table.md
+++ b/docs/src/js/classes/Table.md
@@ -71,12 +71,11 @@ Add new columns with defined values.

 #### Parameters

-* **newColumnTransforms**: `Field`&lt;`any`&gt; \| `Field`&lt;`any`&gt;[] \| `Schema`&lt;`any`&gt; \| [`AddColumnsSql`](../interfaces/AddColumnsSql.md)[]
-    Either:
-    - An array of objects with column names and SQL expressions to calculate values
-    - A single Arrow Field defining one column with its data type (column will be initialized with null values)
-    - An array of Arrow Fields defining columns with their data types (columns will be initialized with null values)
-    - An Arrow Schema defining columns with their data types (columns will be initialized with null values)
+* **newColumnTransforms**: [`AddColumnsSql`](../interfaces/AddColumnsSql.md)[]
+    pairs of column names and
+    the SQL expression to use to calculate the value of the new column. These
+    expressions will be evaluated for each row in the table, and can
+    reference existing columns in the table.

 #### Returns

@@ -485,7 +484,19 @@ Modeled after ``VACUUM`` in PostgreSQL.
 - Prune: Removes old versions of the dataset
 - Index: Optimizes the indices, adding new data to existing indices

- The frequency an application should call optimize is based on the frequency of
+ Experimental API
+ ----------------
+
+ The optimization process is undergoing active development and may change.
+ Our goal with these changes is to improve the performance of optimization and
+ reduce the complexity.
+
+ That being said, it is essential today to run optimize if you want the best
+ performance.  It should be stable and safe to use in production, but it our
+ hope that the API may be simplified (or not even need to be called) in the
+ future.
+
+ The frequency an application shoudl call optimize is based on the frequency of
 data modifications.  If data is frequently added, deleted, or updated then
 optimize should be run frequently.  A good rule of thumb is to run optimize if
 you have added or modified 100,000 or more records or run more than 20 data
--- a/docs/src/js/interfaces/ClientConfig.md
+++ b/docs/src/js/interfaces/ClientConfig.md
@@ -53,18 +53,3 @@ optional tlsConfig: TlsConfig;
 ```ts
 optional userAgent: string;
 ```
-
-***
-
-### userId?
-
-```ts
-optional userId: string;
-```
-
-User identifier for tracking purposes.
-
-This is sent as the `x-lancedb-user-id` header in requests to LanceDB Cloud/Enterprise.
-It can be set directly, or via the `LANCEDB_USER_ID` environment variable.
-Alternatively, set `LANCEDB_USER_ID_ENV_KEY` to specify another environment
-variable that contains the user ID value.
--- a/docs/src/js/interfaces/ConnectionOptions.md
+++ b/docs/src/js/interfaces/ConnectionOptions.md
@@ -41,29 +41,6 @@ for testing purposes.

 ***

-### manifestEnabled?
-
-```ts
-optional manifestEnabled: boolean;
-```
-
-(For LanceDB OSS only): use directory namespace manifests as the source
-of truth for table metadata. Existing directory-listed root tables are
-migrated into the manifest on access.
-
-***
-
-### namespaceClientProperties?
-
-```ts
-optional namespaceClientProperties: Record<string, string>;
-```
-
-(For LanceDB OSS only): extra properties for the backing namespace
-client used by manifest-enabled native connections.
-
-***
-
 ### readConsistencyInterval?

 ```ts
@@ -112,4 +89,4 @@ optional storageOptions: Record<string, string>;

 (For LanceDB OSS only): configuration for object storage.

-The available options are described at https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/
+The available options are described at https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/
--- a/docs/src/js/interfaces/CreateTableOptions.md
+++ b/docs/src/js/interfaces/CreateTableOptions.md
@@ -97,4 +97,4 @@ Configuration for object storage.
 Options already set on the connection will be inherited by the table,
 but can be overridden here.

-The available options are described at https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/
+The available options are described at https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/
--- a/docs/src/js/interfaces/OpenTableOptions.md
+++ b/docs/src/js/interfaces/OpenTableOptions.md
@@ -42,4 +42,4 @@ Configuration for object storage.
 Options already set on the connection will be inherited by the table,
 but can be overridden here.

-The available options are described at https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/
+The available options are described at https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/
--- a/docs/src/js/interfaces/OptimizeOptions.md
+++ b/docs/src/js/interfaces/OptimizeOptions.md
@@ -37,12 +37,3 @@ tbl.optimize({cleanupOlderThan: new Date()});
 ```ts
 deleteUnverified: boolean;
 ```
-
-Because they may be part of an in-progress transaction, files newer than
-7 days old are not deleted by default. If you are sure that there are no
-in-progress transactions, then you can set this to true to delete all
-files older than `cleanupOlderThan`.
-
-**WARNING**: This should only be set to true if you can guarantee that
-no other process is currently working on this dataset. Otherwise the
-dataset could be put into a corrupted state.
--- a/docs/src/js/namespaces/embedding/classes/EmbeddingFunction.md
+++ b/docs/src/js/namespaces/embedding/classes/EmbeddingFunction.md
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ new EmbeddingFunction<T, M>(): EmbeddingFunction<T, M>
 ### computeQueryEmbeddings()

 ```ts
-computeQueryEmbeddings(data): Promise<number[] | Uint8Array | Float32Array | Float64Array>
+computeQueryEmbeddings(data): Promise<number[] | Float32Array | Float64Array>
 ```

 Compute the embeddings for a single query
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Compute the embeddings for a single query

 #### Returns

-`Promise`&lt;`number`[] \| `Uint8Array` \| `Float32Array` \| `Float64Array`&gt;
+`Promise`&lt;`number`[] \| `Float32Array` \| `Float64Array`&gt;

 ***

--- a/docs/src/js/namespaces/embedding/classes/TextEmbeddingFunction.md
+++ b/docs/src/js/namespaces/embedding/classes/TextEmbeddingFunction.md
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ new TextEmbeddingFunction<M>(): TextEmbeddingFunction<M>
 ### computeQueryEmbeddings()

 ```ts
-computeQueryEmbeddings(data): Promise<number[] | Uint8Array | Float32Array | Float64Array>
+computeQueryEmbeddings(data): Promise<number[] | Float32Array | Float64Array>
 ```

 Compute the embeddings for a single query
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Compute the embeddings for a single query

 #### Returns

-`Promise`&lt;`number`[] \| `Uint8Array` \| `Float32Array` \| `Float64Array`&gt;
+`Promise`&lt;`number`[] \| `Float32Array` \| `Float64Array`&gt;

 #### Overrides

--- a/docs/src/js/type-aliases/IntoVector.md
+++ b/docs/src/js/type-aliases/IntoVector.md
@@ -7,10 +7,5 @@
 # Type Alias: IntoVector

 ```ts
-type IntoVector:
-  | Float32Array
-  | Float64Array
-  | Uint8Array
-  | number[]
-  | Promise<Float32Array | Float64Array | Uint8Array | number[]>;
+type IntoVector: Float32Array | Float64Array | number[] | Promise<Float32Array | Float64Array | number[]>;
 ```
--- a/docs/src/python/python.md
+++ b/docs/src/python/python.md
@@ -36,20 +36,6 @@ is also an [asynchronous API client](#connections-asynchronous).

 ::: lancedb.table.Tags

-## Expressions
-
-Type-safe expression builder for filters and projections. Use these instead
-of raw SQL strings with [where][lancedb.query.LanceQueryBuilder.where] and
-[select][lancedb.query.LanceQueryBuilder.select].
-
-::: lancedb.expr.Expr
-
-::: lancedb.expr.col
-
-::: lancedb.expr.lit
-
-::: lancedb.expr.func
-
 ## Querying (Synchronous)

 ::: lancedb.query.Query
--- a/java/lancedb-core/pom.xml
+++ b/java/lancedb-core/pom.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
    <parent>
      <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
      <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-      <version>0.28.0-beta.10</version>
+      <version>0.27.0-beta.5</version>
      <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

@@ -56,21 +56,21 @@
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-slf4j2-impl</artifactId>
-            <version>2.25.3</version>
+            <version>2.24.3</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
-            <version>2.25.3</version>
+            <version>2.24.3</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
-            <version>2.25.3</version>
+            <version>2.24.3</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
--- a/java/pom.xml
+++ b/java/pom.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@

    <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
    <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-    <version>0.28.0-beta.10</version>
+    <version>0.27.0-beta.5</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <name>${project.artifactId}</name>
    <description>LanceDB Java SDK Parent POM</description>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <arrow.version>15.0.0</arrow.version>
-        <lance-core.version>6.0.0-beta.4</lance-core.version>
+        <lance-core.version>3.1.0-beta.2</lance-core.version>
        <spotless.skip>false</spotless.skip>
        <spotless.version>2.30.0</spotless.version>
        <spotless.java.googlejavaformat.version>1.7</spotless.java.googlejavaformat.version>
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.1</version>
+                <version>2.2.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>attach-sources</id>
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.11.2</version>
+                <version>2.9.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>attach-javadocs</id>
@@ -178,15 +178,15 @@
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.4.1</version>
+                    <version>3.1.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.3.1</version>
+                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.14.0</version>
+                    <version>3.8.1</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <compilerArgs>
                            <arg>-h</arg>
@@ -205,11 +205,11 @@
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.4.2</version>
+                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.1.3</version>
+                    <version>2.5.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>com.diffplug.spotless</groupId>
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-gpg-plugin</artifactId>
-                        <version>3.2.7</version>
+                        <version>1.5</version>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <id>sign-artifacts</id>
--- a/nodejs/Cargo.toml
+++ b/nodejs/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-nodejs"
 edition.workspace = true
-version = "0.28.0-beta.10"
-publish = false
+version = "0.27.0-beta.5"
 license.workspace = true
 description.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
@@ -16,8 +15,6 @@ crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 async-trait.workspace = true
 arrow-ipc.workspace = true
 arrow-array.workspace = true
-arrow-buffer = "57.2"
-half.workspace = true
 arrow-schema.workspace = true
 env_logger.workspace = true
 futures.workspace = true
@@ -28,12 +25,12 @@ napi = { version = "3.8.3", default-features = false, features = [
 ] }
 napi-derive = "3.5.2"
 # Prevent dynamic linking of lzma, which comes from datafusion
-lzma-sys = { version = "0.1", features = ["static"] }
+lzma-sys = { version = "*", features = ["static"] }
 log.workspace = true

-# Pin to resolve build failures; update periodically for security patches.
-aws-lc-sys = "=0.40.0"
-aws-lc-rs = "=1.16.3"
+# Workaround for build failure until we can fix it.
+aws-lc-sys = "=0.28.0"
+aws-lc-rs = "=1.13.0"

 [build-dependencies]
 napi-build = "2.3.1"
--- a/nodejs/README.md
+++ b/nodejs/README.md
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const results = await table.vectorSearch([0.1, 0.3]).limit(20).toArray();
 console.log(results);
 ```

-The [quickstart](https://docs.lancedb.com/quickstart/) contains more complete examples.
+The [quickstart](https://lancedb.com/docs/quickstart/basic-usage/) contains more complete examples.

 ## Development

--- a/nodejs/test/rerankers.test.ts
+++ b/nodejs/test/rerankers.test.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors

-import { spawn } from "node:child_process";
-import * as path from "node:path";
 import { RecordBatch } from "apache-arrow";
 import * as tmp from "tmp";
 import { Connection, Index, Table, connect, makeArrowTable } from "../lancedb";
@@ -78,91 +76,4 @@ describe("rerankers", function () {

    expect(result).toHaveLength(2);
  });
-
-  it("does not keep process alive after rerank query", async function () {
-    const script = `
-import * as lancedb from "./dist/index.js";
-import * as os from "node:os";
-import * as path from "node:path";
-import * as fs from "node:fs/promises";
-
-const dir = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "lancedb-rerank-exit-"));
-const db = await lancedb.connect(dir);
-const table = await db.createTable("test", [{ text: "hello", vector: [1, 2, 3] }], {
-  mode: "overwrite",
-});
-await table.createIndex("text", { config: lancedb.Index.fts() });
-await table.waitForIndex(["text_idx"], 30);
-
-const reranker = await lancedb.rerankers.RRFReranker.create();
-await table
-  .query()
-  .nearestTo([1, 2, 3])
-  .fullTextSearch("hello")
-  .rerank(reranker)
-  .toArray();
-
-table.close();
-db.close();
-`;
-
-    await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
-      const child = spawn(
-        process.execPath,
-        ["--input-type=module", "-e", script],
-        {
-          cwd: path.resolve(__dirname, ".."),
-          stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"],
-        },
-      );
-
-      let stdout = "";
-      let stderr = "";
-
-      child.stdout.on("data", (chunk) => {
-        stdout += chunk.toString();
-      });
-
-      child.stderr.on("data", (chunk) => {
-        stderr += chunk.toString();
-      });
-
-      const timeout = setTimeout(() => {
-        child.kill();
-        reject(
-          new Error(
-            `child process did not exit in time\nstdout:\n${stdout}\nstderr:\n${stderr}`,
-          ),
-        );
-      }, 20_000);
-
-      child.on("error", (err) => {
-        clearTimeout(timeout);
-        reject(err);
-      });
-
-      child.on("exit", (code, signal) => {
-        clearTimeout(timeout);
-        if (signal !== null) {
-          reject(
-            new Error(
-              `child process exited with signal ${signal}\nstdout:\n${stdout}\nstderr:\n${stderr}`,
-            ),
-          );
-          return;
-        }
-
-        if (code !== 0) {
-          reject(
-            new Error(
-              `child process exited with code ${code}\nstdout:\n${stdout}\nstderr:\n${stderr}`,
-            ),
-          );
-          return;
-        }
-
-        resolve();
-      });
-    });
-  });
 });
--- a/nodejs/test/table.test.ts
+++ b/nodejs/test/table.test.ts
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ describe.each([arrow15, arrow16, arrow17, arrow18])(
        },
        numIndices: 0,
        numRows: 3,
-        totalBytes: 44,
+        totalBytes: 24,
      });
    });

@@ -1259,98 +1259,6 @@ describe("schema evolution", function () {
    expect(await table.schema()).toEqual(expectedSchema);
  });

-  it("can add columns with schema for explicit data types", async function () {
-    const con = await connect(tmpDir.name);
-    const table = await con.createTable("vectors", [
-      { id: 1n, vector: [0.1, 0.2] },
-    ]);
-
-    // Define schema for new columns with explicit data types
-    // Note: All columns must be nullable when using addColumns with Schema
-    // because they are initially populated with null values
-    const newColumnsSchema = new Schema([
-      new Field("price", new Float64(), true),
-      new Field("category", new Utf8(), true),
-      new Field("rating", new Int32(), true),
-    ]);
-
-    const result = await table.addColumns(newColumnsSchema);
-    expect(result).toHaveProperty("version");
-    expect(result.version).toBe(2);
-
-    const expectedSchema = new Schema([
-      new Field("id", new Int64(), true),
-      new Field(
-        "vector",
-        new FixedSizeList(2, new Field("item", new Float32(), true)),
-        true,
-      ),
-      new Field("price", new Float64(), true),
-      new Field("category", new Utf8(), true),
-      new Field("rating", new Int32(), true),
-    ]);
-    expect(await table.schema()).toEqual(expectedSchema);
-
-    // Verify that new columns are populated with null values
-    const results = await table.query().toArray();
-    expect(results).toHaveLength(1);
-    expect(results[0].price).toBeNull();
-    expect(results[0].category).toBeNull();
-    expect(results[0].rating).toBeNull();
-  });
-
-  it("can add a single column using Field", async function () {
-    const con = await connect(tmpDir.name);
-    const table = await con.createTable("vectors", [
-      { id: 1n, vector: [0.1, 0.2] },
-    ]);
-
-    // Add a single field
-    const priceField = new Field("price", new Float64(), true);
-    const result = await table.addColumns(priceField);
-    expect(result).toHaveProperty("version");
-    expect(result.version).toBe(2);
-
-    const expectedSchema = new Schema([
-      new Field("id", new Int64(), true),
-      new Field(
-        "vector",
-        new FixedSizeList(2, new Field("item", new Float32(), true)),
-        true,
-      ),
-      new Field("price", new Float64(), true),
-    ]);
-    expect(await table.schema()).toEqual(expectedSchema);
-  });
-
-  it("can add multiple columns using array of Fields", async function () {
-    const con = await connect(tmpDir.name);
-    const table = await con.createTable("vectors", [
-      { id: 1n, vector: [0.1, 0.2] },
-    ]);
-
-    // Add multiple fields as array
-    const fields = [
-      new Field("price", new Float64(), true),
-      new Field("category", new Utf8(), true),
-    ];
-    const result = await table.addColumns(fields);
-    expect(result).toHaveProperty("version");
-    expect(result.version).toBe(2);
-
-    const expectedSchema = new Schema([
-      new Field("id", new Int64(), true),
-      new Field(
-        "vector",
-        new FixedSizeList(2, new Field("item", new Float32(), true)),
-        true,
-      ),
-      new Field("price", new Float64(), true),
-      new Field("category", new Utf8(), true),
-    ]);
-    expect(await table.schema()).toEqual(expectedSchema);
-  });
-
  it("can alter the columns in the schema", async function () {
    const con = await connect(tmpDir.name);
    const schema = new Schema([
--- a/nodejs/test/vector_types.test.ts
+++ b/nodejs/test/vector_types.test.ts
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
-
-import * as tmp from "tmp";
-
-import { type Table, connect } from "../lancedb";
-import {
-  Field,
-  FixedSizeList,
-  Float32,
-  Int64,
-  Schema,
-  makeArrowTable,
-} from "../lancedb/arrow";
-
-describe("Vector query with different typed arrays", () => {
-  let tmpDir: tmp.DirResult;
-
-  afterEach(() => {
-    tmpDir?.removeCallback();
-  });
-
-  async function createFloat32Table(): Promise<Table> {
-    tmpDir = tmp.dirSync({ unsafeCleanup: true });
-    const db = await connect(tmpDir.name);
-    const schema = new Schema([
-      new Field("id", new Int64(), true),
-      new Field(
-        "vec",
-        new FixedSizeList(2, new Field("item", new Float32())),
-        true,
-      ),
-    ]);
-    const data = makeArrowTable(
-      [
-        { id: 1n, vec: [1.0, 0.0] },
-        { id: 2n, vec: [0.0, 1.0] },
-        { id: 3n, vec: [1.0, 1.0] },
-      ],
-      { schema },
-    );
-    return db.createTable("test_f32", data);
-  }
-
-  it("should search with Float32Array (baseline)", async () => {
-    const table = await createFloat32Table();
-    const results = await table
-      .query()
-      .nearestTo(new Float32Array([1.0, 0.0]))
-      .limit(1)
-      .toArray();
-
-    expect(results.length).toBe(1);
-    expect(Number(results[0].id)).toBe(1);
-  });
-
-  it("should search with number[] (backward compat)", async () => {
-    const table = await createFloat32Table();
-    const results = await table
-      .query()
-      .nearestTo([1.0, 0.0])
-      .limit(1)
-      .toArray();
-
-    expect(results.length).toBe(1);
-    expect(Number(results[0].id)).toBe(1);
-  });
-
-  it("should search with Float64Array via raw path", async () => {
-    const table = await createFloat32Table();
-    const results = await table
-      .query()
-      .nearestTo(new Float64Array([1.0, 0.0]))
-      .limit(1)
-      .toArray();
-
-    expect(results.length).toBe(1);
-    expect(Number(results[0].id)).toBe(1);
-  });
-
-  it("should add multiple query vectors with Float64Array", async () => {
-    const table = await createFloat32Table();
-    const results = await table
-      .query()
-      .nearestTo(new Float64Array([1.0, 0.0]))
-      .addQueryVector(new Float64Array([0.0, 1.0]))
-      .limit(2)
-      .toArray();
-
-    expect(results.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2);
-  });
-
-  // Float16Array is only available in Node 22+; not in TypeScript's standard lib yet
-  const float16ArrayCtor = (globalThis as unknown as Record<string, unknown>)
-    .Float16Array as (new (values: number[]) => unknown) | undefined;
-  const hasFloat16 = float16ArrayCtor !== undefined;
-  const f16it = hasFloat16 ? it : it.skip;
-
-  f16it("should search with Float16Array via raw path", async () => {
-    const table = await createFloat32Table();
-    const results = await table
-      .query()
-      .nearestTo(new float16ArrayCtor!([1.0, 0.0]) as Float32Array)
-      .limit(1)
-      .toArray();
-
-    expect(results.length).toBe(1);
-    expect(Number(results[0].id)).toBe(1);
-  });
-});
--- a/nodejs/examples/package-lock.json
+++ b/nodejs/examples/package-lock.json
@@ -30,15 +30,12 @@
        "x64",
        "arm64"
      ],
-      "dev": true,
      "license": "Apache-2.0",
-      "optional": true,
      "os": [
        "darwin",
        "linux",
        "win32"
      ],
-      "peer": true,
      "dependencies": {
        "reflect-metadata": "^0.2.2"
      },
@@ -94,15 +91,14 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@babel/code-frame": {
-      "version": "7.29.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.29.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-9NhCeYjq9+3uxgdtp20LSiJXJvN0FeCtNGpJxuMFZ1Kv3cWUNb6DOhJwUvcVCzKGR66cw4njwM6hrJLqgOwbcw==",
+      "version": "7.26.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.26.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-RJlIHRueQgwWitWgF8OdFYGZX328Ax5BCemNGlqHfplnRT9ESi8JkFlvaVYbS+UubVY6dpv87Fs2u5M29iNFVQ==",
      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.28.5",
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.25.9",
        "js-tokens": "^4.0.0",
-        "picocolors": "^1.1.1"
+        "picocolors": "^1.0.0"
      },
      "engines": {
        "node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -237,21 +233,19 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@babel/helper-string-parser": {
-      "version": "7.27.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.27.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-qMlSxKbpRlAridDExk92nSobyDdpPijUq2DW6oDnUqd0iOGxmQjyqhMIihI9+zv4LPyZdRje2cavWPbCbWm3eA==",
+      "version": "7.25.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.25.9.tgz",
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+      "name": "string-width",
+      "version": "4.2.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string-width/-/string-width-4.2.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-wKyQRQpjJ0sIp62ErSZdGsjMJWsap5oRNihHhu6G7JVO/9jIB6UyevL+tXuOqrng8j/cxKTWyWUwvSTriiZz/g==",
      "dependencies": {
        "emoji-regex": "^8.0.0",
        "is-fullwidth-code-point": "^3.0.0",
@@ -4413,7 +4479,18 @@
      "version": "6.0.1",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-6.0.1.tgz",
      "integrity": "sha512-Y38VPSHcqkFrCpFnQ9vuSXmquuv5oXOKpGeT6aGrr3o3Gc9AlVa6JBfUSOCnbxGGZF+/0ooI7KrPuUSztUdU5A==",
-      "dev": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "ansi-regex": "^5.0.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/strip-ansi-cjs": {
+      "name": "strip-ansi",
+      "version": "6.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-6.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Y38VPSHcqkFrCpFnQ9vuSXmquuv5oXOKpGeT6aGrr3o3Gc9AlVa6JBfUSOCnbxGGZF+/0ooI7KrPuUSztUdU5A==",
      "dependencies": {
        "ansi-regex": "^5.0.1"
      },
@@ -4464,15 +4541,15 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/tar": {
-      "version": "7.5.10",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tar/-/tar-7.5.10.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-8mOPs1//5q/rlkNSPcCegA6hiHJYDmSLEI8aMH/CdSQJNWztHC9WHNam5zdQlfpTwB9Xp7IBEsHfV5LKMJGVAw==",
-      "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
+      "version": "7.4.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tar/-/tar-7.4.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5S7Va8hKfV7W5U6g3aYxXmlPoZVAwUMy9AOKyF2fVuZa2UD3qZjg578OrLRt8PcNN1PleVaL/5/yYATNL0ICUw==",
      "dependencies": {
        "@isaacs/fs-minipass": "^4.0.0",
        "chownr": "^3.0.0",
        "minipass": "^7.1.2",
-        "minizlib": "^3.1.0",
+        "minizlib": "^3.0.1",
+        "mkdirp": "^3.0.1",
        "yallist": "^5.0.0"
      },
      "engines": {
@@ -4705,7 +4782,6 @@
      "version": "2.0.2",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/which/-/which-2.0.2.tgz",
      "integrity": "sha512-BLI3Tl1TW3Pvl70l3yq3Y64i+awpwXqsGBYWkkqMtnbXgrMD+yj7rhW0kuEDxzJaYXGjEW5ogapKNMEKNMjibA==",
-      "dev": true,
      "dependencies": {
        "isexe": "^2.0.0"
      },
@@ -4733,6 +4809,23 @@
        "url": "https://github.com/chalk/wrap-ansi?sponsor=1"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/wrap-ansi-cjs": {
+      "name": "wrap-ansi",
+      "version": "7.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wrap-ansi/-/wrap-ansi-7.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-YVGIj2kamLSTxw6NsZjoBxfSwsn0ycdesmc4p+Q21c5zPuZ1pl+NfxVdxPtdHvmNVOQ6XSYG4AUtyt/Fi7D16Q==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "ansi-styles": "^4.0.0",
+        "string-width": "^4.1.0",
+        "strip-ansi": "^6.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/chalk/wrap-ansi?sponsor=1"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/wrappy": {
      "version": "1.0.2",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wrappy/-/wrappy-1.0.2.tgz",
--- a/nodejs/lancedb/arrow.ts
+++ b/nodejs/lancedb/arrow.ts
@@ -117,9 +117,8 @@ export type TableLike =
 export type IntoVector =
  | Float32Array
  | Float64Array
-  | Uint8Array
  | number[]
-  | Promise<Float32Array | Float64Array | Uint8Array | number[]>;
+  | Promise<Float32Array | Float64Array | number[]>;

 export type MultiVector = IntoVector[];

@@ -127,48 +126,14 @@ export function isMultiVector(value: unknown): value is MultiVector {
  return Array.isArray(value) && isIntoVector(value[0]);
 }

-// Float16Array is not in TypeScript's standard lib yet; access dynamically
-type Float16ArrayCtor = new (
-  ...args: unknown[]
-) => { buffer: ArrayBuffer; byteOffset: number; byteLength: number };
-const float16ArrayCtor = (globalThis as unknown as Record<string, unknown>)
-  .Float16Array as Float16ArrayCtor | undefined;
-
 export function isIntoVector(value: unknown): value is IntoVector {
  return (
    value instanceof Float32Array ||
    value instanceof Float64Array ||
-    value instanceof Uint8Array ||
-    (float16ArrayCtor !== undefined && value instanceof float16ArrayCtor) ||
    (Array.isArray(value) && !Array.isArray(value[0]))
  );
 }

-/**
- * Extract the underlying byte buffer and data type from a typed array
- * for passing to the Rust NAPI layer without precision loss.
- */
-export function extractVectorBuffer(
-  vector: Float32Array | Float64Array | Uint8Array,
-): { data: Uint8Array; dtype: string } | null {
-  if (float16ArrayCtor !== undefined && vector instanceof float16ArrayCtor) {
-    return {
-      data: new Uint8Array(vector.buffer, vector.byteOffset, vector.byteLength),
-      dtype: "float16",
-    };
-  }
-  if (vector instanceof Float64Array) {
-    return {
-      data: new Uint8Array(vector.buffer, vector.byteOffset, vector.byteLength),
-      dtype: "float64",
-    };
-  }
-  if (vector instanceof Uint8Array && !(vector instanceof Float32Array)) {
-    return { data: vector, dtype: "uint8" };
-  }
-  return null;
-}
-
 export function isArrowTable(value: object): value is TableLike {
  if (value instanceof ArrowTable) return true;
  return "schema" in value && "batches" in value;
--- a/nodejs/lancedb/connection.ts
+++ b/nodejs/lancedb/connection.ts
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ export interface CreateTableOptions {
   * Options already set on the connection will be inherited by the table,
   * but can be overridden here.
   *
-   * The available options are described at https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/
+   * The available options are described at https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/
   */
  storageOptions?: Record<string, string>;

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export interface OpenTableOptions {
   * Options already set on the connection will be inherited by the table,
   * but can be overridden here.
   *
-   * The available options are described at https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/
+   * The available options are described at https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/
   */
  storageOptions?: Record<string, string>;
  /**
@@ -166,25 +166,25 @@ export abstract class Connection {
   * List all the table names in this database.
   *
   * Tables will be returned in lexicographical order.
-   * @param {string[]} namespacePath - The namespace path to list tables from (defaults to root namespace)
+   * @param {string[]} namespace - The namespace to list tables from (defaults to root namespace)
   * @param {Partial<TableNamesOptions>} options - options to control the
   * paging / start point
   *
   */
  abstract tableNames(
-    namespacePath?: string[],
+    namespace?: string[],
    options?: Partial<TableNamesOptions>,
  ): Promise<string[]>;

  /**
   * Open a table in the database.
   * @param {string} name - The name of the table
-   * @param {string[]} namespacePath - The namespace path of the table (defaults to root namespace)
+   * @param {string[]} namespace - The namespace of the table (defaults to root namespace)
   * @param {Partial<OpenTableOptions>} options - Additional options
   */
  abstract openTable(
    name: string,
-    namespacePath?: string[],
+    namespace?: string[],
    options?: Partial<OpenTableOptions>,
  ): Promise<Table>;

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ export abstract class Connection {
   * @param {object} options - The options object.
   * @param {string} options.name - The name of the table.
   * @param {Data} options.data - Non-empty Array of Records to be inserted into the table
-   * @param {string[]} namespacePath - The namespace path to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
+   * @param {string[]} namespace - The namespace to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
   *
   */
  abstract createTable(
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ export abstract class Connection {
      name: string;
      data: Data;
    } & Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
-    namespacePath?: string[],
+    namespace?: string[],
  ): Promise<Table>;
  /**
   * Creates a new Table and initialize it with new data.
@@ -220,13 +220,13 @@ export abstract class Connection {
   * @param {string} name - The name of the table.
   * @param {Record<string, unknown>[] | TableLike} data - Non-empty Array of Records
   * to be inserted into the table
-   * @param {string[]} namespacePath - The namespace path to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
+   * @param {string[]} namespace - The namespace to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
   * @param {Partial<CreateTableOptions>} options - Additional options
   */
  abstract createTable(
    name: string,
    data: Record<string, unknown>[] | TableLike,
-    namespacePath?: string[],
+    namespace?: string[],
    options?: Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
  ): Promise<Table>;

@@ -245,28 +245,28 @@ export abstract class Connection {
   * Creates a new empty Table
   * @param {string} name - The name of the table.
   * @param {Schema} schema - The schema of the table
-   * @param {string[]} namespacePath - The namespace path to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
+   * @param {string[]} namespace - The namespace to create the table in (defaults to root namespace)
   * @param {Partial<CreateTableOptions>} options - Additional options
   */
  abstract createEmptyTable(
    name: string,
    schema: import("./arrow").SchemaLike,
-    namespacePath?: string[],
+    namespace?: string[],
    options?: Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
  ): Promise<Table>;

  /**
   * Drop an existing table.
   * @param {string} name The name of the table to drop.
-   * @param {string[]} namespacePath The namespace path of the table (defaults to root namespace).
+   * @param {string[]} namespace The namespace of the table (defaults to root namespace).
   */
-  abstract dropTable(name: string, namespacePath?: string[]): Promise<void>;
+  abstract dropTable(name: string, namespace?: string[]): Promise<void>;

  /**
   * Drop all tables in the database.
-   * @param {string[]} namespacePath The namespace path to drop tables from (defaults to root namespace).
+   * @param {string[]} namespace The namespace to drop tables from (defaults to root namespace).
   */
-  abstract dropAllTables(namespacePath?: string[]): Promise<void>;
+  abstract dropAllTables(namespace?: string[]): Promise<void>;

  /**
   * Clone a table from a source table.
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ export abstract class Connection {
   * @param {string} targetTableName - The name of the target table to create.
   * @param {string} sourceUri - The URI of the source table to clone from.
   * @param {object} options - Clone options.
-   * @param {string[]} options.targetNamespacePath - The namespace path for the target table (defaults to root namespace).
+   * @param {string[]} options.targetNamespace - The namespace for the target table (defaults to root namespace).
   * @param {number} options.sourceVersion - The version of the source table to clone.
   * @param {string} options.sourceTag - The tag of the source table to clone.
   * @param {boolean} options.isShallow - Whether to perform a shallow clone (defaults to true).
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ export abstract class Connection {
    targetTableName: string,
    sourceUri: string,
    options?: {
-      targetNamespacePath?: string[];
+      targetNamespace?: string[];
      sourceVersion?: number;
      sourceTag?: string;
      isShallow?: boolean;
@@ -319,25 +319,25 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
  }

  async tableNames(
-    namespacePathOrOptions?: string[] | Partial<TableNamesOptions>,
+    namespaceOrOptions?: string[] | Partial<TableNamesOptions>,
    options?: Partial<TableNamesOptions>,
  ): Promise<string[]> {
-    // Detect if first argument is namespacePath array or options object
-    let namespacePath: string[] | undefined;
+    // Detect if first argument is namespace array or options object
+    let namespace: string[] | undefined;
    let tableNamesOptions: Partial<TableNamesOptions> | undefined;

-    if (Array.isArray(namespacePathOrOptions)) {
-      // First argument is namespacePath array
-      namespacePath = namespacePathOrOptions;
+    if (Array.isArray(namespaceOrOptions)) {
+      // First argument is namespace array
+      namespace = namespaceOrOptions;
      tableNamesOptions = options;
    } else {
      // First argument is options object (backwards compatibility)
-      namespacePath = undefined;
-      tableNamesOptions = namespacePathOrOptions;
+      namespace = undefined;
+      tableNamesOptions = namespaceOrOptions;
    }

    return this.inner.tableNames(
-      namespacePath ?? [],
+      namespace ?? [],
      tableNamesOptions?.startAfter,
      tableNamesOptions?.limit,
    );
@@ -345,12 +345,12 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {

  async openTable(
    name: string,
-    namespacePath?: string[],
+    namespace?: string[],
    options?: Partial<OpenTableOptions>,
  ): Promise<Table> {
    const innerTable = await this.inner.openTable(
      name,
-      namespacePath ?? [],
+      namespace ?? [],
      cleanseStorageOptions(options?.storageOptions),
      options?.indexCacheSize,
    );
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
    targetTableName: string,
    sourceUri: string,
    options?: {
-      targetNamespacePath?: string[];
+      targetNamespace?: string[];
      sourceVersion?: number;
      sourceTag?: string;
      isShallow?: boolean;
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
    const innerTable = await this.inner.cloneTable(
      targetTableName,
      sourceUri,
-      options?.targetNamespacePath ?? [],
+      options?.targetNamespace ?? [],
      options?.sourceVersion ?? null,
      options?.sourceTag ?? null,
      options?.isShallow ?? true,
@@ -406,42 +406,42 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
    nameOrOptions:
      | string
      | ({ name: string; data: Data } & Partial<CreateTableOptions>),
-    dataOrNamespacePath?: Record<string, unknown>[] | TableLike | string[],
-    namespacePathOrOptions?: string[] | Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
+    dataOrNamespace?: Record<string, unknown>[] | TableLike | string[],
+    namespaceOrOptions?: string[] | Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
    options?: Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
  ): Promise<Table> {
    if (typeof nameOrOptions !== "string" && "name" in nameOrOptions) {
-      // First overload: createTable(options, namespacePath?)
+      // First overload: createTable(options, namespace?)
      const { name, data, ...createOptions } = nameOrOptions;
-      const namespacePath = dataOrNamespacePath as string[] | undefined;
-      return this._createTableImpl(name, data, namespacePath, createOptions);
+      const namespace = dataOrNamespace as string[] | undefined;
+      return this._createTableImpl(name, data, namespace, createOptions);
    }

-    // Second overload: createTable(name, data, namespacePath?, options?)
+    // Second overload: createTable(name, data, namespace?, options?)
    const name = nameOrOptions;
-    const data = dataOrNamespacePath as Record<string, unknown>[] | TableLike;
+    const data = dataOrNamespace as Record<string, unknown>[] | TableLike;

-    // Detect if third argument is namespacePath array or options object
-    let namespacePath: string[] | undefined;
+    // Detect if third argument is namespace array or options object
+    let namespace: string[] | undefined;
    let createOptions: Partial<CreateTableOptions> | undefined;

-    if (Array.isArray(namespacePathOrOptions)) {
-      // Third argument is namespacePath array
-      namespacePath = namespacePathOrOptions;
+    if (Array.isArray(namespaceOrOptions)) {
+      // Third argument is namespace array
+      namespace = namespaceOrOptions;
      createOptions = options;
    } else {
      // Third argument is options object (backwards compatibility)
-      namespacePath = undefined;
-      createOptions = namespacePathOrOptions;
+      namespace = undefined;
+      createOptions = namespaceOrOptions;
    }

-    return this._createTableImpl(name, data, namespacePath, createOptions);
+    return this._createTableImpl(name, data, namespace, createOptions);
  }

  private async _createTableImpl(
    name: string,
    data: Data,
-    namespacePath?: string[],
+    namespace?: string[],
    options?: Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
  ): Promise<Table> {
    if (data === undefined) {
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
      name,
      buf,
      mode,
-      namespacePath ?? [],
+      namespace ?? [],
      storageOptions,
    );

@@ -465,21 +465,21 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
  async createEmptyTable(
    name: string,
    schema: import("./arrow").SchemaLike,
-    namespacePathOrOptions?: string[] | Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
+    namespaceOrOptions?: string[] | Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
    options?: Partial<CreateTableOptions>,
  ): Promise<Table> {
-    // Detect if third argument is namespacePath array or options object
-    let namespacePath: string[] | undefined;
+    // Detect if third argument is namespace array or options object
+    let namespace: string[] | undefined;
    let createOptions: Partial<CreateTableOptions> | undefined;

-    if (Array.isArray(namespacePathOrOptions)) {
-      // Third argument is namespacePath array
-      namespacePath = namespacePathOrOptions;
+    if (Array.isArray(namespaceOrOptions)) {
+      // Third argument is namespace array
+      namespace = namespaceOrOptions;
      createOptions = options;
    } else {
      // Third argument is options object (backwards compatibility)
-      namespacePath = undefined;
-      createOptions = namespacePathOrOptions;
+      namespace = undefined;
+      createOptions = namespaceOrOptions;
    }

    let mode: string = createOptions?.mode ?? "create";
@@ -502,18 +502,18 @@ export class LocalConnection extends Connection {
      name,
      buf,
      mode,
-      namespacePath ?? [],
+      namespace ?? [],
      storageOptions,
    );
    return new LocalTable(innerTable);
  }

-  async dropTable(name: string, namespacePath?: string[]): Promise<void> {
-    return this.inner.dropTable(name, namespacePath ?? []);
+  async dropTable(name: string, namespace?: string[]): Promise<void> {
+    return this.inner.dropTable(name, namespace ?? []);
  }

-  async dropAllTables(namespacePath?: string[]): Promise<void> {
-    return this.inner.dropAllTables(namespacePath ?? []);
+  async dropAllTables(namespace?: string[]): Promise<void> {
+    return this.inner.dropAllTables(namespace ?? []);
  }
 }

--- a/nodejs/lancedb/query.ts
+++ b/nodejs/lancedb/query.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import {
  Table as ArrowTable,
  type IntoVector,
  RecordBatch,
-  extractVectorBuffer,
  fromBufferToRecordBatch,
  fromRecordBatchToBuffer,
  tableFromIPC,
@@ -662,8 +661,10 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
      const res = (async () => {
        try {
          const v = await vector;
+          const arr = Float32Array.from(v);
+          //
          // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: we need to get the `inner`, but js has no package scoping
-          const value: any = this.addQueryVector(v);
+          const value: any = this.addQueryVector(arr);
          const inner = value.inner as
            | NativeVectorQuery
            | Promise<NativeVectorQuery>;
@@ -675,12 +676,7 @@ export class VectorQuery extends StandardQueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
      return new VectorQuery(res);
    } else {
      super.doCall((inner) => {
-        const raw = Array.isArray(vector) ? null : extractVectorBuffer(vector);
-        if (raw) {
-          inner.addQueryVectorRaw(raw.data, raw.dtype);
-        } else {
-          inner.addQueryVector(Float32Array.from(vector as number[]));
-        }
+        inner.addQueryVector(Float32Array.from(vector));
      });
      return this;
    }
@@ -769,23 +765,14 @@ export class Query extends StandardQueryBase<NativeQuery> {
   * a default `limit` of 10 will be used.  @see {@link Query#limit}
   */
  nearestTo(vector: IntoVector): VectorQuery {
-    const callNearestTo = (
-      inner: NativeQuery,
-      resolved: Float32Array | Float64Array | Uint8Array | number[],
-    ): NativeVectorQuery => {
-      const raw = Array.isArray(resolved)
-        ? null
-        : extractVectorBuffer(resolved);
-      if (raw) {
-        return inner.nearestToRaw(raw.data, raw.dtype);
-      }
-      return inner.nearestTo(Float32Array.from(resolved as number[]));
-    };
-
    if (this.inner instanceof Promise) {
      const nativeQuery = this.inner.then(async (inner) => {
-        const resolved = vector instanceof Promise ? await vector : vector;
-        return callNearestTo(inner, resolved);
+        if (vector instanceof Promise) {
+          const arr = await vector.then((v) => Float32Array.from(v));
+          return inner.nearestTo(arr);
+        } else {
+          return inner.nearestTo(Float32Array.from(vector));
+        }
      });
      return new VectorQuery(nativeQuery);
    }
@@ -793,8 +780,10 @@ export class Query extends StandardQueryBase<NativeQuery> {
      const res = (async () => {
        try {
          const v = await vector;
+          const arr = Float32Array.from(v);
+          //
          // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: we need to get the `inner`, but js has no package scoping
-          const value: any = this.nearestTo(v);
+          const value: any = this.nearestTo(arr);
          const inner = value.inner as
            | NativeVectorQuery
            | Promise<NativeVectorQuery>;
@@ -805,7 +794,7 @@ export class Query extends StandardQueryBase<NativeQuery> {
      })();
      return new VectorQuery(res);
    } else {
-      const vectorQuery = callNearestTo(this.inner, vector);
+      const vectorQuery = this.inner.nearestTo(Float32Array.from(vector));
      return new VectorQuery(vectorQuery);
    }
  }
--- a/nodejs/lancedb/table.ts
+++ b/nodejs/lancedb/table.ts
@@ -5,15 +5,12 @@ import {
  Table as ArrowTable,
  Data,
  DataType,
-  Field,
  IntoVector,
  MultiVector,
  Schema,
  dataTypeToJson,
  fromDataToBuffer,
-  fromTableToBuffer,
  isMultiVector,
-  makeEmptyTable,
  tableFromIPC,
 } from "./arrow";

@@ -87,16 +84,6 @@ export interface OptimizeOptions {
   * tbl.optimize({cleanupOlderThan: new Date()});
   */
  cleanupOlderThan: Date;
-  /**
-   * Because they may be part of an in-progress transaction, files newer than
-   * 7 days old are not deleted by default. If you are sure that there are no
-   * in-progress transactions, then you can set this to true to delete all
-   * files older than `cleanupOlderThan`.
-   *
-   * **WARNING**: This should only be set to true if you can guarantee that
-   * no other process is currently working on this dataset. Otherwise the
-   * dataset could be put into a corrupted state.
-   */
  deleteUnverified: boolean;
 }

@@ -394,16 +381,15 @@ export abstract class Table {
  abstract vectorSearch(vector: IntoVector | MultiVector): VectorQuery;
  /**
   * Add new columns with defined values.
-   * @param {AddColumnsSql[] | Field | Field[] | Schema} newColumnTransforms Either:
-   *   - An array of objects with column names and SQL expressions to calculate values
-   *   - A single Arrow Field defining one column with its data type (column will be initialized with null values)
-   *   - An array of Arrow Fields defining columns with their data types (columns will be initialized with null values)
-   *   - An Arrow Schema defining columns with their data types (columns will be initialized with null values)
+   * @param {AddColumnsSql[]} newColumnTransforms pairs of column names and
+   * the SQL expression to use to calculate the value of the new column. These
+   * expressions will be evaluated for each row in the table, and can
+   * reference existing columns in the table.
   * @returns {Promise<AddColumnsResult>} A promise that resolves to an object
   * containing the new version number of the table after adding the columns.
   */
  abstract addColumns(
-    newColumnTransforms: AddColumnsSql[] | Field | Field[] | Schema,
+    newColumnTransforms: AddColumnsSql[],
  ): Promise<AddColumnsResult>;

  /**
@@ -515,7 +501,19 @@ export abstract class Table {
   *  - Index: Optimizes the indices, adding new data to existing indices
   *
   *
-   *  The frequency an application should call optimize is based on the frequency of
+   *  Experimental API
+   *  ----------------
+   *
+   *  The optimization process is undergoing active development and may change.
+   *  Our goal with these changes is to improve the performance of optimization and
+   *  reduce the complexity.
+   *
+   *  That being said, it is essential today to run optimize if you want the best
+   *  performance.  It should be stable and safe to use in production, but it our
+   *  hope that the API may be simplified (or not even need to be called) in the
+   *  future.
+   *
+   *  The frequency an application shoudl call optimize is based on the frequency of
   *  data modifications.  If data is frequently added, deleted, or updated then
   *  optimize should be run frequently.  A good rule of thumb is to run optimize if
   *  you have added or modified 100,000 or more records or run more than 20 data
@@ -808,40 +806,9 @@ export class LocalTable extends Table {
  // TODO: Support BatchUDF

  async addColumns(
-    newColumnTransforms: AddColumnsSql[] | Field | Field[] | Schema,
+    newColumnTransforms: AddColumnsSql[],
  ): Promise<AddColumnsResult> {
-    // Handle single Field -> convert to array of Fields
-    if (newColumnTransforms instanceof Field) {
-      newColumnTransforms = [newColumnTransforms];
-    }
-
-    // Handle array of Fields -> convert to Schema
-    if (
-      Array.isArray(newColumnTransforms) &&
-      newColumnTransforms.length > 0 &&
-      newColumnTransforms[0] instanceof Field
-    ) {
-      const fields = newColumnTransforms as Field[];
-      newColumnTransforms = new Schema(fields);
-    }
-
-    // Handle Schema -> use schema-based approach
-    if (newColumnTransforms instanceof Schema) {
-      const schema = newColumnTransforms;
-      // Convert schema to buffer using Arrow IPC format
-      const emptyTable = makeEmptyTable(schema);
-      const schemaBuf = await fromTableToBuffer(emptyTable);
-      return await this.inner.addColumnsWithSchema(schemaBuf);
-    }
-
-    // Handle SQL expressions (existing functionality)
-    if (Array.isArray(newColumnTransforms)) {
-      return await this.inner.addColumns(
-        newColumnTransforms as AddColumnsSql[],
-      );
-    }
-
-    throw new Error("Invalid input type for addColumns");
+    return await this.inner.addColumns(newColumnTransforms);
  }

  async alterColumns(
--- a/nodejs/npm/darwin-arm64/package.json
+++ b/nodejs/npm/darwin-arm64/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-darwin-arm64",
-	"version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
+	"version": "0.27.0-beta.5",
 	"os": ["darwin"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.darwin-arm64.node",
--- a/nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-gnu/package.json
+++ b/nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-gnu/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
+	"version": "0.27.0-beta.5",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-gnu.node",
--- a/nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-musl/package.json
+++ b/nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-musl/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-musl",
-	"version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
+	"version": "0.27.0-beta.5",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-musl.node",
--- a/nodejs/npm/linux-x64-gnu/package.json
+++ b/nodejs/npm/linux-x64-gnu/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
+	"version": "0.27.0-beta.5",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-gnu.node",
--- a/nodejs/npm/linux-x64-musl/package.json
+++ b/nodejs/npm/linux-x64-musl/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-musl",
-	"version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
+	"version": "0.27.0-beta.5",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-musl.node",
--- a/nodejs/npm/win32-arm64-msvc/package.json
+++ b/nodejs/npm/win32-arm64-msvc/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-arm64-msvc",
-  "version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
+  "version": "0.27.0-beta.5",
  "os": [
    "win32"
  ],
--- a/nodejs/npm/win32-x64-msvc/package.json
+++ b/nodejs/npm/win32-x64-msvc/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-x64-msvc",
-	"version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
+	"version": "0.27.0-beta.5",
 	"os": ["win32"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.win32-x64-msvc.node",
--- a/nodejs/package-lock.json
+++ b/nodejs/package-lock.json
--- a/nodejs/package.json
+++ b/nodejs/package.json
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
    "ann"
  ],
  "private": false,
-  "version": "0.28.0-beta.10",
+  "version": "0.27.0-beta.5",
  "main": "dist/index.js",
  "exports": {
    ".": "./dist/index.js",
--- a/nodejs/src/connection.rs
+++ b/nodejs/src/connection.rs
@@ -67,12 +67,6 @@ impl Connection {
                builder = builder.storage_option(key, value);
            }
        }
-        if let Some(manifest_enabled) = options.manifest_enabled {
-            builder = builder.manifest_enabled(manifest_enabled);
-        }
-        if let Some(namespace_client_properties) = options.namespace_client_properties {
-            builder = builder.namespace_client_properties(namespace_client_properties);
-        }

        // Create client config, optionally with header provider
        let client_config = options.client_config.unwrap_or_default();
@@ -125,12 +119,12 @@ impl Connection {
    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
    pub async fn table_names(
        &self,
-        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
+        namespace: Vec<String>,
        start_after: Option<String>,
        limit: Option<u32>,
    ) -> napi::Result<Vec<String>> {
        let mut op = self.get_inner()?.table_names();
-        op = op.namespace(namespace_path.unwrap_or_default());
+        op = op.namespace(namespace);
        if let Some(start_after) = start_after {
            op = op.start_after(start_after);
        }
@@ -152,7 +146,7 @@ impl Connection {
        name: String,
        buf: Buffer,
        mode: String,
-        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
+        namespace: Vec<String>,
        storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
    ) -> napi::Result<Table> {
        let batches = ipc_file_to_batches(buf.to_vec())
@@ -160,7 +154,7 @@ impl Connection {
        let mode = Self::parse_create_mode_str(&mode)?;
        let mut builder = self.get_inner()?.create_table(&name, batches).mode(mode);

-        builder = builder.namespace(namespace_path.unwrap_or_default());
+        builder = builder.namespace(namespace);

        if let Some(storage_options) = storage_options {
            for (key, value) in storage_options {
@@ -177,7 +171,7 @@ impl Connection {
        name: String,
        schema_buf: Buffer,
        mode: String,
-        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
+        namespace: Vec<String>,
        storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
    ) -> napi::Result<Table> {
        let schema = ipc_file_to_schema(schema_buf.to_vec()).map_err(|e| {
@@ -189,7 +183,7 @@ impl Connection {
            .create_empty_table(&name, schema)
            .mode(mode);

-        builder = builder.namespace(namespace_path.unwrap_or_default());
+        builder = builder.namespace(namespace);

        if let Some(storage_options) = storage_options {
            for (key, value) in storage_options {
@@ -204,13 +198,13 @@ impl Connection {
    pub async fn open_table(
        &self,
        name: String,
-        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
+        namespace: Vec<String>,
        storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
        index_cache_size: Option<u32>,
    ) -> napi::Result<Table> {
        let mut builder = self.get_inner()?.open_table(&name);

-        builder = builder.namespace(namespace_path.unwrap_or_default());
+        builder = builder.namespace(namespace);

        if let Some(storage_options) = storage_options {
            for (key, value) in storage_options {
@@ -229,7 +223,7 @@ impl Connection {
        &self,
        target_table_name: String,
        source_uri: String,
-        target_namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
+        target_namespace: Vec<String>,
        source_version: Option<i64>,
        source_tag: Option<String>,
        is_shallow: bool,
@@ -238,7 +232,7 @@ impl Connection {
            .get_inner()?
            .clone_table(&target_table_name, &source_uri);

-        builder = builder.target_namespace(target_namespace_path.unwrap_or_default());
+        builder = builder.target_namespace(target_namespace);

        if let Some(version) = source_version {
            builder = builder.source_version(version as u64);
@@ -256,21 +250,18 @@ impl Connection {

    /// Drop table with the name. Or raise an error if the table does not exist.
    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
-    pub async fn drop_table(
-        &self,
-        name: String,
-        namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>,
-    ) -> napi::Result<()> {
-        let ns = namespace_path.unwrap_or_default();
+    pub async fn drop_table(&self, name: String, namespace: Vec<String>) -> napi::Result<()> {
        self.get_inner()?
-            .drop_table(&name, &ns)
+            .drop_table(&name, &namespace)
            .await
            .default_error()
    }

    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
-    pub async fn drop_all_tables(&self, namespace_path: Option<Vec<String>>) -> napi::Result<()> {
-        let ns = namespace_path.unwrap_or_default();
-        self.get_inner()?.drop_all_tables(&ns).await.default_error()
+    pub async fn drop_all_tables(&self, namespace: Vec<String>) -> napi::Result<()> {
+        self.get_inner()?
+            .drop_all_tables(&namespace)
+            .await
+            .default_error()
    }
 }
--- a/nodejs/src/lib.rs
+++ b/nodejs/src/lib.rs
@@ -35,15 +35,8 @@ pub struct ConnectionOptions {
    pub read_consistency_interval: Option<f64>,
    /// (For LanceDB OSS only): configuration for object storage.
    ///
-    /// The available options are described at https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/
+    /// The available options are described at https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/
    pub storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
-    /// (For LanceDB OSS only): use directory namespace manifests as the source
-    /// of truth for table metadata. Existing directory-listed root tables are
-    /// migrated into the manifest on access.
-    pub manifest_enabled: Option<bool>,
-    /// (For LanceDB OSS only): extra properties for the backing namespace
-    /// client used by manifest-enabled native connections.
-    pub namespace_client_properties: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
    /// (For LanceDB OSS only): the session to use for this connection. Holds
    /// shared caches and other session-specific state.
    pub session: Option<session::Session>,
--- a/nodejs/src/query.rs
+++ b/nodejs/src/query.rs
@@ -3,12 +3,6 @@

 use std::sync::Arc;

-use arrow_array::{
-    Array, Float16Array as ArrowFloat16Array, Float32Array as ArrowFloat32Array,
-    Float64Array as ArrowFloat64Array, UInt8Array as ArrowUInt8Array,
-};
-use arrow_buffer::ScalarBuffer;
-use half::f16;
 use lancedb::index::scalar::{
    BooleanQuery, BoostQuery, FtsQuery, FullTextSearchQuery, MatchQuery, MultiMatchQuery, Occur,
    Operator, PhraseQuery,
@@ -30,33 +24,6 @@ use crate::rerankers::RerankHybridCallbackArgs;
 use crate::rerankers::Reranker;
 use crate::util::{parse_distance_type, schema_to_buffer};

-fn bytes_to_arrow_array(data: Uint8Array, dtype: String) -> napi::Result<Arc<dyn Array>> {
-    let buf = arrow_buffer::Buffer::from(data.to_vec());
-    let num_bytes = buf.len();
-    match dtype.as_str() {
-        "float16" => {
-            let scalar_buf = ScalarBuffer::<f16>::new(buf, 0, num_bytes / 2);
-            Ok(Arc::new(ArrowFloat16Array::new(scalar_buf, None)))
-        }
-        "float32" => {
-            let scalar_buf = ScalarBuffer::<f32>::new(buf, 0, num_bytes / 4);
-            Ok(Arc::new(ArrowFloat32Array::new(scalar_buf, None)))
-        }
-        "float64" => {
-            let scalar_buf = ScalarBuffer::<f64>::new(buf, 0, num_bytes / 8);
-            Ok(Arc::new(ArrowFloat64Array::new(scalar_buf, None)))
-        }
-        "uint8" => {
-            let scalar_buf = ScalarBuffer::<u8>::new(buf, 0, num_bytes);
-            Ok(Arc::new(ArrowUInt8Array::new(scalar_buf, None)))
-        }
-        _ => Err(napi::Error::from_reason(format!(
-            "Unsupported vector dtype: {}. Expected one of: float16, float32, float64, uint8",
-            dtype
-        ))),
-    }
-}
-
 #[napi]
 pub struct Query {
    inner: LanceDbQuery,
@@ -111,13 +78,6 @@ impl Query {
        Ok(VectorQuery { inner })
    }

-    #[napi]
-    pub fn nearest_to_raw(&mut self, data: Uint8Array, dtype: String) -> Result<VectorQuery> {
-        let array = bytes_to_arrow_array(data, dtype)?;
-        let inner = self.inner.clone().nearest_to(array).default_error()?;
-        Ok(VectorQuery { inner })
-    }
-
    #[napi]
    pub fn fast_search(&mut self) {
        self.inner = self.inner.clone().fast_search();
@@ -203,13 +163,6 @@ impl VectorQuery {
        Ok(())
    }

-    #[napi]
-    pub fn add_query_vector_raw(&mut self, data: Uint8Array, dtype: String) -> Result<()> {
-        let array = bytes_to_arrow_array(data, dtype)?;
-        self.inner = self.inner.clone().add_query_vector(array).default_error()?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
    #[napi]
    pub fn distance_type(&mut self, distance_type: String) -> napi::Result<()> {
        let distance_type = parse_distance_type(distance_type)?;
--- a/nodejs/src/remote.rs
+++ b/nodejs/src/remote.rs
@@ -92,13 +92,6 @@ pub struct ClientConfig {
    pub extra_headers: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
    pub id_delimiter: Option<String>,
    pub tls_config: Option<TlsConfig>,
-    /// User identifier for tracking purposes.
-    ///
-    /// This is sent as the `x-lancedb-user-id` header in requests to LanceDB Cloud/Enterprise.
-    /// It can be set directly, or via the `LANCEDB_USER_ID` environment variable.
-    /// Alternatively, set `LANCEDB_USER_ID_ENV_KEY` to specify another environment
-    /// variable that contains the user ID value.
-    pub user_id: Option<String>,
 }

 impl From<TimeoutConfig> for lancedb::remote::TimeoutConfig {
@@ -152,7 +145,6 @@ impl From<ClientConfig> for lancedb::remote::ClientConfig {
            id_delimiter: config.id_delimiter,
            tls_config: config.tls_config.map(Into::into),
            header_provider: None, // the header provider is set separately later
-            user_id: config.user_id,
        }
    }
 }
--- a/nodejs/src/rerankers.rs
+++ b/nodejs/src/rerankers.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ type RerankHybridFn = ThreadsafeFunction<
    RerankHybridCallbackArgs,
    Status,
    false,
-    true,
 >;

 /// Reranker implementation that "wraps" a NodeJS Reranker implementation.
@@ -33,10 +32,7 @@ impl Reranker {
    pub fn new(
        rerank_hybrid: Function<RerankHybridCallbackArgs, Promise<Buffer>>,
    ) -> napi::Result<Self> {
-        let rerank_hybrid = rerank_hybrid
-            .build_threadsafe_function()
-            .weak::<true>()
-            .build()?;
+        let rerank_hybrid = rerank_hybrid.build_threadsafe_function().build()?;
        Ok(Self { rerank_hybrid })
    }
 }
--- a/nodejs/src/table.rs
+++ b/nodejs/src/table.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@

 use std::collections::HashMap;

-use lancedb::ipc::{ipc_file_to_batches, ipc_file_to_schema};
+use lancedb::ipc::ipc_file_to_batches;
 use lancedb::table::{
    AddDataMode, ColumnAlteration as LanceColumnAlteration, Duration, NewColumnTransform,
    OptimizeAction, OptimizeOptions, Table as LanceDbTable,
@@ -279,23 +279,6 @@ impl Table {
        Ok(res.into())
    }

-    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
-    pub async fn add_columns_with_schema(
-        &self,
-        schema_buf: Buffer,
-    ) -> napi::Result<AddColumnsResult> {
-        let schema = ipc_file_to_schema(schema_buf.to_vec())
-            .map_err(|e| napi::Error::from_reason(format!("Failed to read IPC schema: {}", e)))?;
-
-        let transforms = NewColumnTransform::AllNulls(schema);
-        let res = self
-            .inner_ref()?
-            .add_columns(transforms, None)
-            .await
-            .default_error()?;
-        Ok(res.into())
-    }
-
    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
    pub async fn alter_columns(
        &self,
--- a/python/.bumpversion.toml
+++ b/python/.bumpversion.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tool.bumpversion]
-current_version = "0.31.0-beta.10"
+current_version = "0.30.0-beta.5"
 parse = """(?x)
    (?P<major>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
    (?P<minor>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
--- a/python/.gitignore
+++ b/python/.gitignore
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
 # Test data created by some example tests
 data/
 _lancedb.pyd
-# macOS debug symbols bundle generated during build
-*.dSYM/
--- a/python/Cargo.toml
+++ b/python/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-python"
-version = "0.31.0-beta.10"
-publish = false
+version = "0.30.0-beta.5"
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "Python bindings for LanceDB"
 license.workspace = true
@@ -24,7 +23,6 @@ lance-namespace.workspace = true
 lance-namespace-impls.workspace = true
 lance-io.workspace = true
 env_logger.workspace = true
-log.workspace = true
 pyo3 = { version = "0.26", features = ["extension-module", "abi3-py39"] }
 pyo3-async-runtimes = { version = "0.26", features = [
    "attributes",
--- a/python/PYTHON_THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.md
+++ b/python/PYTHON_THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.md
@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@
 | stack-data                     | 0.6.3           | MIT License                                                                                      | http://github.com/alexmojaki/stack_data                                                           |
 | sympy                          | 1.14.0          | BSD License                                                                                      | https://sympy.org                                                                                 |
 | tabulate                       | 0.9.0           | MIT License                                                                                      | https://github.com/astanin/python-tabulate                                                        |
+| tantivy                        | 0.25.1          | UNKNOWN                                                                                          | UNKNOWN                                                                                           |
 | threadpoolctl                  | 3.6.0           | BSD License                                                                                      | https://github.com/joblib/threadpoolctl                                                           |
 | timm                           | 1.0.24          | Apache Software License                                                                          | https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-image-models                                               |
 | tinycss2                       | 1.4.0           | BSD License                                                                                      | https://www.courtbouillon.org/tinycss2                                                            |
--- a/python/pyproject.toml
+++ b/python/pyproject.toml
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ name = "lancedb"
 # version in Cargo.toml
 dynamic = ["version"]
 dependencies = [
-    "deprecation>=2.1.0",
-    "numpy>=1.24.0",
+    "deprecation",
+    "numpy",
    "overrides>=0.7; python_version<'3.12'",
-    "packaging>=23.0",
+    "packaging",
    "pyarrow>=16",
    "pydantic>=1.10",
    "tqdm>=4.27.0",
@@ -45,50 +45,51 @@ repository = "https://github.com/lancedb/lancedb"

 [project.optional-dependencies]
 pylance = [
-    "pylance>=5.0.0b5",
+    "pylance>=4.0.0b7",
 ]
 tests = [
-    "aiohttp>=3.9.0",
-    "boto3>=1.28.57",
+    "aiohttp",
+    "boto3",
    "pandas>=1.4",
-    "pytest>=7.0",
-    "pytest-mock>=3.10",
-    "pytest-asyncio>=0.21",
-    "duckdb>=0.9.0",
-    "pytz>=2023.3",
+    "pytest",
+    "pytest-mock",
+    "pytest-asyncio",
+    "duckdb",
+    "pytz",
    "polars>=0.19, <=1.3.0",
-    "pyarrow-stubs>=16.0",
-    "pylance>=5.0.0b5",
-    "requests>=2.31.0",
+    "tantivy",
+    "pyarrow-stubs",
+    "pylance>=4.0.0b7",
+    "requests",
    "datafusion>=52,<53",
 ]
 dev = [
-    "ruff>=0.3.0",
-    "pre-commit>=3.5.0",
-    "pyright>=1.1.350",
+    "ruff",
+    "pre-commit",
+    "pyright",
    'typing-extensions>=4.0.0; python_version < "3.11"',
 ]
 docs = ["mkdocs", "mkdocs-jupyter", "mkdocs-material", "mkdocstrings-python"]
-clip = ["torch", "pillow>=12.1.1", "open-clip-torch"]
-siglip = ["torch", "pillow>=12.1.1", "transformers>=4.41.0","sentencepiece"]
+clip = ["torch", "pillow", "open-clip-torch"]
+siglip = ["torch", "pillow", "transformers>=4.41.0","sentencepiece"]
 embeddings = [
    "requests>=2.31.0",
    "openai>=1.6.1",
-    "sentence-transformers>=2.2.0",
-    "torch>=2.0.0",
-    "pillow>=12.1.1",
-    "open-clip-torch>=2.20.0",
-    "cohere>=4.0",
+    "sentence-transformers",
+    "torch",
+    "pillow",
+    "open-clip-torch",
+    "cohere",
    "colpali-engine>=0.3.10",
-    "huggingface_hub>=0.19.0",
-    "InstructorEmbedding>=1.0.1",
-    "google-genai>=1.0.0",
+    "huggingface_hub",
+    "InstructorEmbedding",
+    "google.generativeai",
    "boto3>=1.28.57",
-    "awscli>=1.44.38",
+    "awscli>=1.29.57",
    "botocore>=1.31.57",
    'ibm-watsonx-ai>=1.1.2; python_version >= "3.10"',
    "ollama>=0.3.0",
-    "sentencepiece>=0.1.99"
+    "sentencepiece"
 ]
 azure = ["adlfs>=2024.2.0"]

--- a/python/python/lancedb/init.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/init.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import importlib.metadata
 import os
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from datetime import timedelta
-from typing import Dict, Optional, Union, Any, List
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Union, Any
 import warnings

 __version__ = importlib.metadata.version("lancedb")
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ from ._lancedb import connect as lancedb_connect
 from .common import URI, sanitize_uri
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 from .db import AsyncConnection, DBConnection, LanceDBConnection
+from .io import StorageOptionsProvider
 from .remote import ClientConfig
 from .remote.db import RemoteDBConnection
-from .expr import Expr, col, lit, func
 from .schema import vector
 from .table import AsyncTable, Table
 from ._lancedb import Session
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def _check_s3_bucket_with_dots(


 def connect(
-    uri: Optional[URI] = None,
+    uri: URI,
    *,
    api_key: Optional[str] = None,
    region: str = "us-east-1",
@@ -73,19 +73,14 @@ def connect(
    client_config: Union[ClientConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
    storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
    session: Optional[Session] = None,
-    manifest_enabled: bool = False,
-    namespace_client_impl: Optional[str] = None,
-    namespace_client_properties: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-    namespace_client_pushdown_operations: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    **kwargs: Any,
 ) -> DBConnection:
    """Connect to a LanceDB database.

    Parameters
    ----------
-    uri: str or Path, optional
-        The uri of the database. When ``namespace_client_impl`` is provided you may
-        omit ``uri`` and connect through a namespace client instead.
+    uri: str or Path
+        The uri of the database.
    api_key: str, optional
        If presented, connect to LanceDB cloud.
        Otherwise, connect to a database on file system or cloud storage.
@@ -111,29 +106,13 @@ def connect(
        default configuration is used.
    storage_options: dict, optional
        Additional options for the storage backend. See available options at
-        <https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/>
-    manifest_enabled : bool, default False
-        When true for local/native connections, use directory namespace
-        manifests as the source of truth for table metadata. Existing
-        directory-listed root tables are migrated into the manifest on access.
+        <https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/>
    session: Session, optional
        (For LanceDB OSS only)
        A session to use for this connection. Sessions allow you to configure
        cache sizes for index and metadata caches, which can significantly
        impact memory use and performance. They can also be re-used across
        multiple connections to share the same cache state.
-    namespace_client_impl : str, optional
-        When provided along with ``namespace_client_properties``, ``connect``
-        returns a namespace-backed connection by delegating to
-        :func:`connect_namespace`. The value identifies which namespace
-        implementation to load (e.g., ``"dir"`` or ``"rest"``).
-    namespace_client_properties : dict, optional
-        Configuration to pass to the namespace client implementation. Required
-        when ``namespace_client_impl`` is set.
-    namespace_client_pushdown_operations : list[str], optional
-        Only used when ``namespace_client_properties`` is provided. Forwards to
-        :func:`connect_namespace` to control which operations are executed on the
-        namespace service (e.g., ``["QueryTable", "CreateTable"]``).

    Examples
    --------
@@ -153,48 +132,11 @@ def connect(
    >>> db = lancedb.connect("db://my_database", api_key="ldb_...",
    ...                      client_config={"retry_config": {"retries": 5}})

-    Connect to a namespace-backed database:
-
-    >>> db = lancedb.connect(namespace_client_impl="dir",
-    ...                      namespace_client_properties={"root": "/tmp/ns"})
-
    Returns
    -------
    conn : DBConnection
        A connection to a LanceDB database.
    """
-    if namespace_client_impl is not None:
-        if namespace_client_properties is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "namespace_client_properties must be provided when "
-                "namespace_client_impl is set"
-            )
-        if kwargs:
-            raise ValueError(f"Unknown keyword arguments: {kwargs}")
-        return connect_namespace(
-            namespace_client_impl,
-            namespace_client_properties,
-            read_consistency_interval=read_consistency_interval,
-            storage_options=storage_options,
-            session=session,
-            namespace_client_pushdown_operations=namespace_client_pushdown_operations,
-        )
-
-    if namespace_client_properties is not None and not manifest_enabled:
-        raise ValueError(
-            "namespace_client_impl must be provided when using "
-            "namespace_client_properties unless manifest_enabled=True"
-        )
-
-    if namespace_client_pushdown_operations is not None:
-        raise ValueError(
-            "namespace_client_pushdown_operations is only valid when "
-            "connecting through a namespace"
-        )
-    if uri is None:
-        raise ValueError(
-            "uri is required when not connecting through a namespace client"
-        )
    if isinstance(uri, str) and uri.startswith("db://"):
        if api_key is None:
            api_key = os.environ.get("LANCEDB_API_KEY")
@@ -223,92 +165,9 @@ def connect(
        read_consistency_interval=read_consistency_interval,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        session=session,
-        manifest_enabled=manifest_enabled,
-        namespace_client_properties=namespace_client_properties,
    )


-WORKER_PROPERTY_PREFIX = "_lancedb_worker_"
-
-
-def _apply_worker_overrides(props: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
-    """Apply worker property overrides.
-
-    Any key starting with ``_lancedb_worker_`` is extracted, the prefix
-    is stripped, and the resulting key-value pair is put back into the
-    map (overriding the existing value if present).  The original
-    prefixed key is removed.
-    """
-    worker_keys = [k for k in props if k.startswith(WORKER_PROPERTY_PREFIX)]
-    if not worker_keys:
-        return props
-    result = dict(props)
-    for key in worker_keys:
-        value = result.pop(key)
-        real_key = key[len(WORKER_PROPERTY_PREFIX) :]
-        result[real_key] = value
-    return result
-
-
-def deserialize_conn(
-    data: str,
-    *,
-    for_worker: bool = False,
-) -> DBConnection:
-    """Reconstruct a DBConnection from a serialized string.
-
-    The string must have been produced by
-    :meth:`DBConnection.serialize`.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    data : str
-        String produced by ``serialize()``.
-    for_worker : bool, default False
-        When ``True``, any namespace client property whose key starts
-        with ``_lancedb_worker_`` has that prefix stripped and the
-        value overrides the corresponding property.  For example,
-        ``_lancedb_worker_uri`` replaces ``uri``.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    DBConnection
-        A new connection matching the serialized state.
-    """
-    import json
-
-    parsed = json.loads(data)
-    connection_type = parsed.get("connection_type")
-
-    rci_secs = parsed.get("read_consistency_interval_seconds")
-    rci = timedelta(seconds=rci_secs) if rci_secs is not None else None
-    storage_options = parsed.get("storage_options")
-
-    if connection_type == "namespace":
-        props = dict(parsed.get("namespace_client_properties") or {})
-        if for_worker:
-            props = _apply_worker_overrides(props)
-        return connect_namespace(
-            namespace_client_impl=parsed["namespace_client_impl"],
-            namespace_client_properties=props,
-            read_consistency_interval=rci,
-            storage_options=storage_options,
-            namespace_client_pushdown_operations=parsed.get(
-                "namespace_client_pushdown_operations"
-            ),
-        )
-    elif connection_type == "local":
-        return LanceDBConnection(
-            parsed["uri"],
-            read_consistency_interval=rci,
-            storage_options=storage_options,
-            manifest_enabled=parsed.get("manifest_enabled", False),
-            namespace_client_properties=parsed.get("namespace_client_properties"),
-        )
-    else:
-        raise ValueError(f"Unknown connection_type: {connection_type}")
-
-
 async def connect_async(
    uri: URI,
    *,
@@ -319,8 +178,6 @@ async def connect_async(
    client_config: Optional[Union[ClientConfig, Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
    storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
    session: Optional[Session] = None,
-    manifest_enabled: bool = False,
-    namespace_client_properties: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
 ) -> AsyncConnection:
    """Connect to a LanceDB database.

@@ -353,20 +210,13 @@ async def connect_async(
        default configuration is used.
    storage_options: dict, optional
        Additional options for the storage backend. See available options at
-        <https://docs.lancedb.com/storage/>
+        <https://lancedb.com/docs/storage/>
    session: Session, optional
        (For LanceDB OSS only)
        A session to use for this connection. Sessions allow you to configure
        cache sizes for index and metadata caches, which can significantly
        impact memory use and performance. They can also be re-used across
        multiple connections to share the same cache state.
-    manifest_enabled : bool, default False
-        When true for local/native connections, use directory namespace
-        manifests as the source of truth for table metadata. Existing
-        directory-listed root tables are migrated into the manifest on access.
-    namespace_client_properties : dict, optional
-        Additional directory namespace client properties to use with
-        ``manifest_enabled=True``.

    Examples
    --------
@@ -409,8 +259,6 @@ async def connect_async(
            client_config,
            storage_options,
            session,
-            manifest_enabled,
-            namespace_client_properties,
        )
    )

@@ -423,10 +271,6 @@ __all__ = [
    "AsyncConnection",
    "AsyncLanceNamespaceDBConnection",
    "AsyncTable",
-    "col",
-    "Expr",
-    "func",
-    "lit",
    "URI",
    "sanitize_uri",
    "vector",
@@ -435,6 +279,7 @@ __all__ = [
    "LanceNamespaceDBConnection",
    "RemoteDBConnection",
    "Session",
+    "StorageOptionsProvider",
    "Table",
    "__version__",
 ]
--- a/python/python/lancedb/_lancedb.pyi
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/_lancedb.pyi
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from .index import (
    HnswSq,
    FTS,
 )
+from .io import StorageOptionsProvider
 from lance_namespace import (
    ListNamespacesResponse,
    CreateNamespaceResponse,
@@ -26,32 +27,6 @@ from .remote import ClientConfig
 IvfHnswPq: type[HnswPq] = HnswPq
 IvfHnswSq: type[HnswSq] = HnswSq

-class PyExpr:
-    """A type-safe DataFusion expression node (Rust-side handle)."""
-
-    def eq(self, other: "PyExpr") -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def ne(self, other: "PyExpr") -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def lt(self, other: "PyExpr") -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def lte(self, other: "PyExpr") -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def gt(self, other: "PyExpr") -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def gte(self, other: "PyExpr") -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def and_(self, other: "PyExpr") -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def or_(self, other: "PyExpr") -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def not_(self) -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def add(self, other: "PyExpr") -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def sub(self, other: "PyExpr") -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def mul(self, other: "PyExpr") -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def div(self, other: "PyExpr") -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def lower(self) -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def upper(self) -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def contains(self, substr: "PyExpr") -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def cast(self, data_type: pa.DataType) -> "PyExpr": ...
-    def to_sql(self) -> str: ...
-
-def expr_col(name: str) -> PyExpr: ...
-def expr_lit(value: Union[bool, int, float, str]) -> PyExpr: ...
-def expr_func(name: str, args: List[PyExpr]) -> PyExpr: ...
-
 class Session:
    def __init__(
        self,
@@ -71,35 +46,35 @@ class Connection(object):
    async def close(self): ...
    async def list_namespaces(
        self,
-        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        page_token: Optional[str] = None,
        limit: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> ListNamespacesResponse: ...
    async def create_namespace(
        self,
-        namespace_path: List[str],
+        namespace: List[str],
        mode: Optional[str] = None,
        properties: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
    ) -> CreateNamespaceResponse: ...
    async def drop_namespace(
        self,
-        namespace_path: List[str],
+        namespace: List[str],
        mode: Optional[str] = None,
        behavior: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> DropNamespaceResponse: ...
    async def describe_namespace(
        self,
-        namespace_path: List[str],
+        namespace: List[str],
    ) -> DescribeNamespaceResponse: ...
    async def list_tables(
        self,
-        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        page_token: Optional[str] = None,
        limit: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> ListTablesResponse: ...
    async def table_names(
        self,
-        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]],
+        namespace: Optional[List[str]],
        start_after: Optional[str],
        limit: Optional[int],
    ) -> list[str]: ...  # Deprecated: Use list_tables instead
@@ -108,8 +83,9 @@ class Connection(object):
        name: str,
        mode: str,
        data: pa.RecordBatchReader,
-        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+        storage_options_provider: Optional[StorageOptionsProvider] = None,
        location: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Table: ...
    async def create_empty_table(
@@ -117,15 +93,17 @@ class Connection(object):
        name: str,
        mode: str,
        schema: pa.Schema,
-        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+        storage_options_provider: Optional[StorageOptionsProvider] = None,
        location: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Table: ...
    async def open_table(
        self,
        name: str,
-        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+        storage_options_provider: Optional[StorageOptionsProvider] = None,
        index_cache_size: Optional[int] = None,
        location: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Table: ...
@@ -133,7 +111,7 @@ class Connection(object):
        self,
        target_table_name: str,
        source_uri: str,
-        target_namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        target_namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        source_version: Optional[int] = None,
        source_tag: Optional[str] = None,
        is_shallow: bool = True,
@@ -142,18 +120,13 @@ class Connection(object):
        self,
        cur_name: str,
        new_name: str,
-        cur_namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-        new_namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        cur_namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        new_namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    ) -> None: ...
    async def drop_table(
-        self, name: str, namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None
+        self, name: str, namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None
    ) -> None: ...
-    async def drop_all_tables(
-        self, namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None
-    ) -> None: ...
-    async def namespace_client_config(
-        self,
-    ) -> Dict[str, Any]: ...
+    async def drop_all_tables(self, namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> None: ...

 class Table:
    def name(self) -> str: ...
@@ -162,10 +135,7 @@ class Table:
    def close(self) -> None: ...
    async def schema(self) -> pa.Schema: ...
    async def add(
-        self,
-        data: pa.RecordBatchReader,
-        mode: Literal["append", "overwrite"],
-        progress: Optional[Any] = None,
+        self, data: pa.RecordBatchReader, mode: Literal["append", "overwrite"]
    ) -> AddResult: ...
    async def update(
        self, updates: Dict[str, str], where: Optional[str]
@@ -196,8 +166,6 @@ class Table:
    async def checkout(self, version: Union[int, str]): ...
    async def checkout_latest(self): ...
    async def restore(self, version: Optional[Union[int, str]] = None): ...
-    async def prewarm_index(self, index_name: str) -> None: ...
-    async def prewarm_data(self, columns: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> None: ...
    async def list_indices(self) -> list[IndexConfig]: ...
    async def delete(self, filter: str) -> DeleteResult: ...
    async def add_columns(self, columns: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> AddColumnsResult: ...
@@ -242,8 +210,6 @@ async def connect(
    client_config: Optional[Union[ClientConfig, Dict[str, Any]]],
    storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]],
    session: Optional[Session],
-    manifest_enabled: bool = False,
-    namespace_client_properties: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
 ) -> Connection: ...

 class RecordBatchStream:
@@ -254,9 +220,7 @@ class RecordBatchStream:

 class Query:
    def where(self, filter: str): ...
-    def where_expr(self, expr: PyExpr): ...
-    def select(self, columns: List[Tuple[str, str]]): ...
-    def select_expr(self, columns: List[Tuple[str, PyExpr]]): ...
+    def select(self, columns: Tuple[str, str]): ...
    def select_columns(self, columns: List[str]): ...
    def limit(self, limit: int): ...
    def offset(self, offset: int): ...
@@ -282,9 +246,7 @@ class TakeQuery:

 class FTSQuery:
    def where(self, filter: str): ...
-    def where_expr(self, expr: PyExpr): ...
-    def select(self, columns: List[Tuple[str, str]]): ...
-    def select_expr(self, columns: List[Tuple[str, PyExpr]]): ...
+    def select(self, columns: List[str]): ...
    def limit(self, limit: int): ...
    def offset(self, offset: int): ...
    def fast_search(self): ...
@@ -303,9 +265,7 @@ class VectorQuery:
    async def output_schema(self) -> pa.Schema: ...
    async def execute(self) -> RecordBatchStream: ...
    def where(self, filter: str): ...
-    def where_expr(self, expr: PyExpr): ...
-    def select(self, columns: List[Tuple[str, str]]): ...
-    def select_expr(self, columns: List[Tuple[str, PyExpr]]): ...
+    def select(self, columns: List[str]): ...
    def select_with_projection(self, columns: Tuple[str, str]): ...
    def limit(self, limit: int): ...
    def offset(self, offset: int): ...
@@ -322,9 +282,7 @@ class VectorQuery:

 class HybridQuery:
    def where(self, filter: str): ...
-    def where_expr(self, expr: PyExpr): ...
-    def select(self, columns: List[Tuple[str, str]]): ...
-    def select_expr(self, columns: List[Tuple[str, PyExpr]]): ...
+    def select(self, columns: List[str]): ...
    def limit(self, limit: int): ...
    def offset(self, offset: int): ...
    def fast_search(self): ...
--- a/python/python/lancedb/common.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/common.py
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def data_to_reader(
            f"Unknown data type {type(data)}. "
            "Supported types: list of dicts, pandas DataFrame, polars DataFrame, "
            "pyarrow Table/RecordBatch, or Pydantic models. "
-            "See https://docs.lancedb.com/tables/ for examples."
+            "See https://lancedb.com/docs/tables/ for examples."
        )


--- a/python/python/lancedb/db.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/db.py
--- a/python/python/lancedb/embeddings/gemini_text.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/embeddings/gemini_text.py
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ from .utils import TEXT, api_key_not_found_help
@register("gemini-text")
 class GeminiText(TextEmbeddingFunction):
    """
-    An embedding function that uses Google's Gemini API. Requires GOOGLE_API_KEY to
+    An embedding function that uses the Google's Gemini API. Requires GOOGLE_API_KEY to
    be set.

-    https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/embeddings
+    https://ai.google.dev/docs/embeddings_guide

    Supports various tasks types:
    | Task Type               | Description                                            |
@@ -46,12 +46,9 @@ class GeminiText(TextEmbeddingFunction):

    Parameters
    ----------
-    name: str, default "gemini-embedding-001"
-        The name of the model to use. Supported models include:
-        - "gemini-embedding-001" (768 dimensions)
-
-        Note: The legacy "models/embedding-001" format is also supported but
-        "gemini-embedding-001" is recommended.
+    name: str, default "models/embedding-001"
+        The name of the model to use. See the Gemini documentation for a list of
+        available models.

    query_task_type: str, default "retrieval_query"
        Sets the task type for the queries.
@@ -80,7 +77,7 @@ class GeminiText(TextEmbeddingFunction):

    """

-    name: str = "gemini-embedding-001"
+    name: str = "models/embedding-001"
    query_task_type: str = "retrieval_query"
    source_task_type: str = "retrieval_document"

@@ -117,48 +114,23 @@ class GeminiText(TextEmbeddingFunction):
        texts: list[str] or np.ndarray (of str)
            The texts to embed
        """
-        from google.genai import types
+        if (
+            kwargs.get("task_type") == "retrieval_document"
+        ):  # Provide a title to use existing API design
+            title = "Embedding of a document"
+            kwargs["title"] = title

-        task_type = kwargs.get("task_type")
-
-        # Build content objects for embed_content
-        contents = []
-        for text in texts:
-            if task_type == "retrieval_document":
-                # Provide a title for retrieval_document task
-                contents.append(
-                    {"parts": [{"text": "Embedding of a document"}, {"text": text}]}
-                )
-            else:
-                contents.append({"parts": [{"text": text}]})
-
-        # Build config
-        config_kwargs = {}
-        if task_type:
-            config_kwargs["task_type"] = task_type.upper()  # API expects uppercase
-
-        # Call embed_content for each content
-        embeddings = []
-        for content in contents:
-            config = (
-                types.EmbedContentConfig(**config_kwargs) if config_kwargs else None
-            )
-            response = self.client.models.embed_content(
-                model=self.name,
-                contents=content,
-                config=config,
-            )
-            embeddings.append(response.embeddings[0].values)
-
-        return embeddings
+        return [
+            self.client.embed_content(model=self.name, content=text, **kwargs)[
+                "embedding"
+            ]
+            for text in texts
+        ]

    @cached_property
    def client(self):
-        attempt_import_or_raise("google.genai", "google-genai")
+        genai = attempt_import_or_raise("google.generativeai", "google.generativeai")

        if not os.environ.get("GOOGLE_API_KEY"):
            api_key_not_found_help("google")
-
-        from google import genai as genai_module
-
-        return genai_module.Client(api_key=os.environ.get("GOOGLE_API_KEY"))
+        return genai
--- a/python/python/lancedb/embeddings/utils.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/embeddings/utils.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import sys
 import threading
 import time
 import urllib.error
-import urllib.request
 import weakref
 import logging
 from functools import wraps
--- a/python/python/lancedb/expr.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/expr.py
@@ -1,298 +0,0 @@
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
-
-"""Type-safe expression builder for filters and projections.
-
-Instead of writing raw SQL strings you can build expressions with Python
-operators::
-
-    from lancedb.expr import col, lit
-
-    # filter: age > 18 AND status = 'active'
-    filt = (col("age") > lit(18)) & (col("status") == lit("active"))
-
-    # projection: compute a derived column
-    proj = {"score": col("raw_score") * lit(1.5)}
-
-    table.search().where(filt).select(proj).to_list()
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from typing import Union
-
-import pyarrow as pa
-
-from lancedb._lancedb import PyExpr, expr_col, expr_lit, expr_func
-
-__all__ = ["Expr", "col", "lit", "func"]
-
-_STR_TO_PA_TYPE: dict = {
-    "bool": pa.bool_(),
-    "boolean": pa.bool_(),
-    "int8": pa.int8(),
-    "int16": pa.int16(),
-    "int32": pa.int32(),
-    "int64": pa.int64(),
-    "uint8": pa.uint8(),
-    "uint16": pa.uint16(),
-    "uint32": pa.uint32(),
-    "uint64": pa.uint64(),
-    "float16": pa.float16(),
-    "float32": pa.float32(),
-    "float": pa.float32(),
-    "float64": pa.float64(),
-    "double": pa.float64(),
-    "string": pa.string(),
-    "utf8": pa.string(),
-    "str": pa.string(),
-    "large_string": pa.large_utf8(),
-    "large_utf8": pa.large_utf8(),
-    "date32": pa.date32(),
-    "date": pa.date32(),
-    "date64": pa.date64(),
-}
-
-
-def _coerce(value: "ExprLike") -> "Expr":
-    """Return *value* as an :class:`Expr`, wrapping plain Python values via
-    :func:`lit` if needed."""
-    if isinstance(value, Expr):
-        return value
-    return lit(value)
-
-
-# Type alias used in annotations.
-ExprLike = Union["Expr", bool, int, float, str]
-
-
-class Expr:
-    """A type-safe expression node.
-
-    Construct instances with :func:`col` and :func:`lit`, then combine them
-    using Python operators or the named methods below.
-
-    Examples
-    --------
-    >>> from lancedb.expr import col, lit
-    >>> filt = (col("age") > lit(18)) & (col("name").lower() == lit("alice"))
-    >>> proj = {"double": col("x") * lit(2)}
-    """
-
-    # Make Expr unhashable so that == returns an Expr rather than being used
-    # for dict keys / set membership.
-    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
-
-    def __init__(self, inner: PyExpr) -> None:
-        self._inner = inner
-
-    # ── comparisons ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    def __eq__(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":  # type: ignore[override]
-        """Equal to (``col("x") == 1``)."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.eq(_coerce(other)._inner))
-
-    def __ne__(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":  # type: ignore[override]
-        """Not equal to (``col("x") != 1``)."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.ne(_coerce(other)._inner))
-
-    def __lt__(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Less than (``col("x") < 1``)."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.lt(_coerce(other)._inner))
-
-    def __le__(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Less than or equal to (``col("x") <= 1``)."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.lte(_coerce(other)._inner))
-
-    def __gt__(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Greater than (``col("x") > 1``)."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.gt(_coerce(other)._inner))
-
-    def __ge__(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Greater than or equal to (``col("x") >= 1``)."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.gte(_coerce(other)._inner))
-
-    # ── logical ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    def __and__(self, other: "Expr") -> "Expr":
-        """Logical AND (``expr_a & expr_b``)."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.and_(_coerce(other)._inner))
-
-    def __or__(self, other: "Expr") -> "Expr":
-        """Logical OR (``expr_a | expr_b``)."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.or_(_coerce(other)._inner))
-
-    def __invert__(self) -> "Expr":
-        """Logical NOT (``~expr``)."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.not_())
-
-    # ── arithmetic ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    def __add__(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Add (``col("x") + 1``)."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.add(_coerce(other)._inner))
-
-    def __radd__(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Right-hand add (``1 + col("x")``)."""
-        return Expr(_coerce(other)._inner.add(self._inner))
-
-    def __sub__(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Subtract (``col("x") - 1``)."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.sub(_coerce(other)._inner))
-
-    def __rsub__(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Right-hand subtract (``1 - col("x")``)."""
-        return Expr(_coerce(other)._inner.sub(self._inner))
-
-    def __mul__(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Multiply (``col("x") * 2``)."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.mul(_coerce(other)._inner))
-
-    def __rmul__(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Right-hand multiply (``2 * col("x")``)."""
-        return Expr(_coerce(other)._inner.mul(self._inner))
-
-    def __truediv__(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Divide (``col("x") / 2``)."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.div(_coerce(other)._inner))
-
-    def __rtruediv__(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Right-hand divide (``1 / col("x")``)."""
-        return Expr(_coerce(other)._inner.div(self._inner))
-
-    # ── string methods ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    def lower(self) -> "Expr":
-        """Convert string column values to lowercase."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.lower())
-
-    def upper(self) -> "Expr":
-        """Convert string column values to uppercase."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.upper())
-
-    def contains(self, substr: "ExprLike") -> "Expr":
-        """Return True where the string contains *substr*."""
-        return Expr(self._inner.contains(_coerce(substr)._inner))
-
-    # ── type cast ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    def cast(self, data_type: Union[str, "pa.DataType"]) -> "Expr":
-        """Cast values to *data_type*.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        data_type:
-            A PyArrow ``DataType`` (e.g. ``pa.int32()``) or one of the type
-            name strings: ``"bool"``, ``"int8"``, ``"int16"``, ``"int32"``,
-            ``"int64"``, ``"uint8"``–``"uint64"``, ``"float32"``,
-            ``"float64"``, ``"string"``, ``"date32"``, ``"date64"``.
-        """
-        if isinstance(data_type, str):
-            try:
-                data_type = _STR_TO_PA_TYPE[data_type]
-            except KeyError:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"unsupported data type: '{data_type}'. Supported: "
-                    f"{', '.join(_STR_TO_PA_TYPE)}"
-                )
-        return Expr(self._inner.cast(data_type))
-
-    # ── named comparison helpers (alternative to operators) ──────────────────
-
-    def eq(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Equal to."""
-        return self.__eq__(other)
-
-    def ne(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Not equal to."""
-        return self.__ne__(other)
-
-    def lt(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Less than."""
-        return self.__lt__(other)
-
-    def lte(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Less than or equal to."""
-        return self.__le__(other)
-
-    def gt(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Greater than."""
-        return self.__gt__(other)
-
-    def gte(self, other: ExprLike) -> "Expr":
-        """Greater than or equal to."""
-        return self.__ge__(other)
-
-    def and_(self, other: "Expr") -> "Expr":
-        """Logical AND."""
-        return self.__and__(other)
-
-    def or_(self, other: "Expr") -> "Expr":
-        """Logical OR."""
-        return self.__or__(other)
-
-    # ── utilities ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    def to_sql(self) -> str:
-        """Render the expression as a SQL string (useful for debugging)."""
-        return self._inner.to_sql()
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f"Expr({self._inner.to_sql()})"
-
-
-# ── free functions ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-
-def col(name: str) -> Expr:
-    """Reference a table column by name.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    name:
-        The column name.
-
-    Examples
-    --------
-    >>> from lancedb.expr import col, lit
-    >>> col("age") > lit(18)
-    Expr((age > 18))
-    """
-    return Expr(expr_col(name))
-
-
-def lit(value: Union[bool, int, float, str]) -> Expr:
-    """Create a literal (constant) value expression.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    value:
-        A Python ``bool``, ``int``, ``float``, or ``str``.
-
-    Examples
-    --------
-    >>> from lancedb.expr import col, lit
-    >>> col("price") * lit(1.1)
-    Expr((price * 1.1))
-    """
-    return Expr(expr_lit(value))
-
-
-def func(name: str, *args: ExprLike) -> Expr:
-    """Call an arbitrary SQL function by name.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    name:
-        The SQL function name (e.g. ``"lower"``, ``"upper"``).
-    *args:
-        The function arguments as :class:`Expr` or plain Python literals.
-
-    Examples
-    --------
-    >>> from lancedb.expr import col, func
-    >>> func("lower", col("name"))
-    Expr(lower(name))
-    """
-    inner_args = [_coerce(a)._inner for a in args]
-    return Expr(expr_func(name, inner_args))
--- a/python/python/lancedb/fts.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/fts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
+
+"""Full text search index using tantivy-py"""
+
+import os
+from typing import List, Tuple, Optional
+
+import pyarrow as pa
+
+try:
+    import tantivy
+except ImportError:
+    raise ImportError(
+        "Please install tantivy-py `pip install tantivy` to use the full text search feature."  # noqa: E501
+    )
+
+from .table import LanceTable
+
+
+def create_index(
+    index_path: str,
+    text_fields: List[str],
+    ordering_fields: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    tokenizer_name: str = "default",
+) -> tantivy.Index:
+    """
+    Create a new Index (not populated)
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    index_path : str
+        Path to the index directory
+    text_fields : List[str]
+        List of text fields to index
+    ordering_fields: List[str]
+        List of unsigned type fields to order by at search time
+    tokenizer_name : str, default "default"
+        The tokenizer to use
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    index : tantivy.Index
+        The index object (not yet populated)
+    """
+    if ordering_fields is None:
+        ordering_fields = []
+    # Declaring our schema.
+    schema_builder = tantivy.SchemaBuilder()
+    # special field that we'll populate with row_id
+    schema_builder.add_integer_field("doc_id", stored=True)
+    # data fields
+    for name in text_fields:
+        schema_builder.add_text_field(name, stored=True, tokenizer_name=tokenizer_name)
+    if ordering_fields:
+        for name in ordering_fields:
+            schema_builder.add_unsigned_field(name, fast=True)
+    schema = schema_builder.build()
+    os.makedirs(index_path, exist_ok=True)
+    index = tantivy.Index(schema, path=index_path)
+    return index
+
+
+def populate_index(
+    index: tantivy.Index,
+    table: LanceTable,
+    fields: List[str],
+    writer_heap_size: Optional[int] = None,
+    ordering_fields: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+) -> int:
+    """
+    Populate an index with data from a LanceTable
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    index : tantivy.Index
+        The index object
+    table : LanceTable
+        The table to index
+    fields : List[str]
+        List of fields to index
+    writer_heap_size : int
+        The writer heap size in bytes, defaults to 1GB
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    int
+        The number of rows indexed
+    """
+    if ordering_fields is None:
+        ordering_fields = []
+    writer_heap_size = writer_heap_size or 1024 * 1024 * 1024
+    # first check the fields exist and are string or large string type
+    nested = []
+
+    for name in fields:
+        try:
+            f = table.schema.field(name)  # raises KeyError if not found
+        except KeyError:
+            f = resolve_path(table.schema, name)
+            nested.append(name)
+
+        if not pa.types.is_string(f.type) and not pa.types.is_large_string(f.type):
+            raise TypeError(f"Field {name} is not a string type")
+
+    # create a tantivy writer
+    writer = index.writer(heap_size=writer_heap_size)
+    # write data into index
+    dataset = table.to_lance()
+    row_id = 0
+
+    max_nested_level = 0
+    if len(nested) > 0:
+        max_nested_level = max([len(name.split(".")) for name in nested])
+
+    for b in dataset.to_batches(columns=fields + ordering_fields):
+        if max_nested_level > 0:
+            b = pa.Table.from_batches([b])
+            for _ in range(max_nested_level - 1):
+                b = b.flatten()
+        for i in range(b.num_rows):
+            doc = tantivy.Document()
+            for name in fields:
+                value = b[name][i].as_py()
+                if value is not None:
+                    doc.add_text(name, value)
+            for name in ordering_fields:
+                value = b[name][i].as_py()
+                if value is not None:
+                    doc.add_unsigned(name, value)
+            if not doc.is_empty:
+                doc.add_integer("doc_id", row_id)
+                writer.add_document(doc)
+            row_id += 1
+    # commit changes
+    writer.commit()
+    return row_id
+
+
+def resolve_path(schema, field_name: str) -> pa.Field:
+    """
+    Resolve a nested field path to a list of field names
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    field_name : str
+        The field name to resolve
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    List[str]
+        The resolved path
+    """
+    path = field_name.split(".")
+    field = schema.field(path.pop(0))
+    for segment in path:
+        if pa.types.is_struct(field.type):
+            field = field.type.field(segment)
+        else:
+            raise KeyError(f"field {field_name} not found in schema {schema}")
+    return field
+
+
+def search_index(
+    index: tantivy.Index, query: str, limit: int = 10, ordering_field=None
+) -> Tuple[Tuple[int], Tuple[float]]:
+    """
+    Search an index for a query
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    index : tantivy.Index
+        The index object
+    query : str
+        The query string
+    limit : int
+        The maximum number of results to return
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ids_and_score: list[tuple[int], tuple[float]]
+        A tuple of two tuples, the first containing the document ids
+        and the second containing the scores
+    """
+    searcher = index.searcher()
+    query = index.parse_query(query)
+    # get top results
+    if ordering_field:
+        results = searcher.search(query, limit, order_by_field=ordering_field)
+    else:
+        results = searcher.search(query, limit)
+    if results.count == 0:
+        return tuple(), tuple()
+    return tuple(
+        zip(
+            *[
+                (searcher.doc(doc_address)["doc_id"][0], score)
+                for score, doc_address in results.hits
+            ]
+        )
+    )
--- a/python/python/lancedb/io.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/io.py
@@ -2,3 +2,70 @@
 # SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors

 """I/O utilities and interfaces for LanceDB."""
+
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import Dict
+
+
+class StorageOptionsProvider(ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for providing storage options to LanceDB tables.
+
+    Storage options providers enable automatic credential refresh for cloud
+    storage backends (e.g., AWS S3, Azure Blob Storage, GCS). When credentials
+    have an expiration time, the provider's fetch_storage_options() method will
+    be called periodically to get fresh credentials before they expire.
+
+    Example
+    -------
+    >>> class MyProvider(StorageOptionsProvider):
+    ...     def fetch_storage_options(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    ...         # Fetch fresh credentials from your credential manager
+    ...         return {
+    ...             "aws_access_key_id": "...",
+    ...             "aws_secret_access_key": "...",
+    ...             "expires_at_millis": "1234567890000"  # Optional
+    ...         }
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def fetch_storage_options(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """Fetch fresh storage credentials.
+
+        This method is called by LanceDB when credentials need to be refreshed.
+        If the returned dictionary contains an "expires_at_millis" key with a
+        Unix timestamp in milliseconds, LanceDB will automatically refresh the
+        credentials before that time. If the key is not present, credentials
+        are assumed to not expire.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Dict[str, str]
+            Dictionary containing cloud storage credentials and optionally an
+            expiration time:
+            - "expires_at_millis" (optional): Unix timestamp in milliseconds when
+              credentials expire
+            - Provider-specific credential keys (e.g., aws_access_key_id,
+              aws_secret_access_key, etc.)
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        RuntimeError
+            If credentials cannot be fetched or are invalid
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def provider_id(self) -> str:
+        """Return a human-readable unique identifier for this provider instance.
+
+        This identifier is used for caching and equality comparison. Two providers
+        with the same ID will share the same cached object store connection.
+
+        The default implementation uses the class name and string representation.
+        Override this method if you need custom identification logic.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        str
+            A unique identifier for this provider instance
+        """
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__} {{ repr: {str(self)!r} }}"
--- a/python/python/lancedb/namespace.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/namespace.py
--- a/python/python/lancedb/permutation.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/permutation.py
@@ -284,8 +284,9 @@ class Permutations:
        self.permutation_table = permutation_table

        if permutation_table.schema.metadata is not None:
-            raw = permutation_table.schema.metadata.get(b"split_names")
-            split_names = raw.decode("utf-8") if raw is not None else None
+            split_names = permutation_table.schema.metadata.get(
+                b"split_names", None
+            ).decode("utf-8")
            if split_names is not None:
                self.split_names = json.loads(split_names)
                self.split_dict = {
@@ -425,35 +426,6 @@ class Permutation:
        """
        return Permutation.from_tables(table, None, None)

-    @classmethod
-    def from_table(cls, table: LanceTable) -> "_PermutationFromTable":
-        """
-        Create a permutation directly from a base table, with HuggingFace /
-        PyTorch-style chaining for ``shuffle``, ``filter``, and ``split_*``.
-
-        This is a convenience wrapper that hides the two-step
-        ``permutation_builder(table).shuffle().execute()`` /
-        ``Permutation.from_tables(table, perm_tbl)`` dance. The returned object
-        accumulates builder operations and only materializes the underlying
-        permutation table on first read (any access of an attribute that is
-        not a builder operation), so chained calls do not pay an extra
-        ``execute()`` for each step.
-
-        After the first read all ``Permutation`` methods (``select_columns``,
-        ``with_format``, ``map``, ``__iter__``, ``fetch``, ``num_rows``, ...)
-        are forwarded transparently.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> import lancedb
-        >>> db = lancedb.connect("memory:///")
-        >>> tbl = db.create_table("tbl", data=[{"x": x} for x in range(100)])
-        >>> perm = Permutation.from_table(tbl).shuffle(seed=42)
-        >>> perm.num_rows
-        100
-        """
-        return _PermutationFromTable(table)
-
    @classmethod
    def from_tables(
        cls,
@@ -488,8 +460,9 @@ class Permutation:
                        f"Cannot create a permutation on split `{split}`"
                        " because no split names are defined in the permutation table"
                    )
-                raw = permutation_table.schema.metadata.get(b"split_names")
-                split_names = raw.decode("utf-8") if raw is not None else None
+                split_names = permutation_table.schema.metadata.get(
+                    b"split_names", None
+                ).decode("utf-8")
                if split_names is None:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"Cannot create a permutation on split `{split}`"
@@ -871,85 +844,3 @@ class Permutation:
        Repeat the permutation `times` times
        """
        raise Exception("with_repeat is not yet implemented")
-
-
-class _PermutationFromTable:
-    """
-    Result of [Permutation.from_table](#from_table).
-
-    Records pending builder operations (``shuffle``, ``filter``, ``split_*``)
-    and lazily executes them on first read. After materialization all
-    Permutation reads / transforms (``select_columns``, ``with_format``,
-    ``map``, ``__iter__``, ``fetch``, ``num_rows``, ...) are forwarded to the
-    underlying [Permutation].
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = ("_base_table", "_pending_ops", "_materialized")
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        base_table: LanceTable,
-        _pending_ops: Optional[list[tuple[str, tuple, dict]]] = None,
-    ):
-        self._base_table = base_table
-        self._pending_ops: list[tuple[str, tuple, dict]] = (
-            list(_pending_ops) if _pending_ops is not None else []
-        )
-        self._materialized: Optional[Permutation] = None
-
-    def _with_op(
-        self, name: str, args: tuple, kwargs: dict
-    ) -> "_PermutationFromTable":
-        return _PermutationFromTable(
-            self._base_table, _pending_ops=self._pending_ops + [(name, args, kwargs)]
-        )
-
-    def shuffle(self, *args, **kwargs) -> "_PermutationFromTable":
-        return self._with_op("shuffle", args, kwargs)
-
-    def filter(self, *args, **kwargs) -> "_PermutationFromTable":
-        return self._with_op("filter", args, kwargs)
-
-    def split_random(self, *args, **kwargs) -> "_PermutationFromTable":
-        return self._with_op("split_random", args, kwargs)
-
-    def split_sequential(self, *args, **kwargs) -> "_PermutationFromTable":
-        return self._with_op("split_sequential", args, kwargs)
-
-    def split_hash(self, *args, **kwargs) -> "_PermutationFromTable":
-        return self._with_op("split_hash", args, kwargs)
-
-    def split_calculated(self, *args, **kwargs) -> "_PermutationFromTable":
-        return self._with_op("split_calculated", args, kwargs)
-
-    def _materialize(self) -> Permutation:
-        if self._materialized is None:
-            if self._pending_ops:
-                builder = permutation_builder(self._base_table)
-                for name, args, kwargs in self._pending_ops:
-                    builder = getattr(builder, name)(*args, **kwargs)
-                perm_tbl = builder.execute()
-                self._materialized = Permutation.from_tables(
-                    self._base_table, perm_tbl
-                )
-            else:
-                self._materialized = Permutation.identity(self._base_table)
-        return self._materialized
-
-    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
-        # Avoid recursion on dunder/private state.
-        if name.startswith("_"):
-            raise AttributeError(name)
-        return getattr(self._materialize(), name)
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        return iter(self._materialize())
-
-    def __len__(self) -> int:
-        return len(self._materialize())
-
-    def __getitem__(self, index):
-        return self._materialize()[index]
-
-    def __getitems__(self, indices):
-        return self._materialize().__getitems__(indices)
--- a/python/python/lancedb/pydantic.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/pydantic.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import sys
 import types
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from datetime import date, datetime
-from enum import Enum
 from typing import (
    TYPE_CHECKING,
    Any,
@@ -315,19 +314,6 @@ def _pydantic_type_to_arrow_type(tp: Any, field: FieldInfo) -> pa.DataType:
                return pa.list_(pa.list_(tp.value_arrow_type(), tp.dim()))
            # For regular Vector
            return pa.list_(tp.value_arrow_type(), tp.dim())
-        if _safe_issubclass(tp, Enum):
-            # Map Enum to the Arrow type of its value.
-            # For string-valued enums, use dictionary encoding for efficiency.
-            # For integer enums, use the native type.
-            # Fall back to utf8 for mixed-type or empty enums.
-            value_types = {type(m.value) for m in tp}
-            if len(value_types) == 1:
-                value_type = value_types.pop()
-                if value_type is str:
-                    # Use dictionary encoding for string enums
-                    return pa.dictionary(pa.int32(), pa.utf8())
-                return _py_type_to_arrow_type(value_type, field)
-            return pa.utf8()
    return _py_type_to_arrow_type(tp, field)


--- a/python/python/lancedb/query.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/query.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import deprecation
 import numpy as np
 import pyarrow as pa
 import pyarrow.compute as pc
+import pyarrow.fs as pa_fs
 import pydantic

 from lancedb.pydantic import PYDANTIC_VERSION
@@ -37,7 +38,6 @@ from .rerankers.base import Reranker
 from .rerankers.rrf import RRFReranker
 from .rerankers.util import check_reranker_result
 from .util import flatten_columns
-from .expr import Expr
 from lancedb._lancedb import fts_query_to_json
 from typing_extensions import Annotated

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def ensure_vector_query(
 ) -> Union[List[float], List[List[float]], pa.Array, List[pa.Array]]:
    if isinstance(val, list):
        if len(val) == 0:
-            raise ValueError("Vector query must be a non-empty list")
+            return ValueError("Vector query must be a non-empty list")
        sample = val[0]
    else:
        if isinstance(val, float):
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def ensure_vector_query(
        return val
    if isinstance(sample, list):
        if len(sample) == 0:
-            raise ValueError("Vector query must be a non-empty list")
+            return ValueError("Vector query must be a non-empty list")
        if isinstance(sample[0], float):
            # val is list of list of floats
            return val
@@ -449,8 +449,8 @@ class Query(pydantic.BaseModel):
        ensure_vector_query,
    ] = None

-    # sql filter or type-safe Expr to refine the query with
-    filter: Optional[Union[str, Expr]] = None
+    # sql filter to refine the query with
+    filter: Optional[str] = None

    # if True then apply the filter after vector search
    postfilter: Optional[bool] = None
@@ -464,8 +464,8 @@ class Query(pydantic.BaseModel):
    # distance type to use for vector search
    distance_type: Optional[str] = None

-    # which columns to return in the results (dict values may be str or Expr)
-    columns: Optional[Union[List[str], Dict[str, Union[str, Expr]]]] = None
+    # which columns to return in the results
+    columns: Optional[Union[List[str], Dict[str, str]]] = None

    # minimum number of IVF partitions to search
    #
@@ -856,15 +856,14 @@ class LanceQueryBuilder(ABC):
            self._offset = offset
        return self

-    def select(self, columns: Union[list[str], dict[str, Union[str, Expr]]]) -> Self:
+    def select(self, columns: Union[list[str], dict[str, str]]) -> Self:
        """Set the columns to return.

        Parameters
        ----------
-        columns: list of str, or dict of str to str or Expr
+        columns: list of str, or dict of str to str default None
            List of column names to be fetched.
-            Or a dictionary of column names to SQL expressions or
-            :class:`~lancedb.expr.Expr` objects.
+            Or a dictionary of column names to SQL expressions.
            All columns are fetched if None or unspecified.

        Returns
@@ -878,15 +877,15 @@ class LanceQueryBuilder(ABC):
            raise ValueError("columns must be a list or a dictionary")
        return self

-    def where(self, where: Union[str, Expr], prefilter: bool = True) -> Self:
+    def where(self, where: str, prefilter: bool = True) -> Self:
        """Set the where clause.

        Parameters
        ----------
-        where: str or :class:`~lancedb.expr.Expr`
-            The filter condition.  Can be a SQL string or a type-safe
-            :class:`~lancedb.expr.Expr` built with :func:`~lancedb.expr.col`
-            and :func:`~lancedb.expr.lit`.
+        where: str
+            The where clause which is a valid SQL where clause. See
+            `Lance filter pushdown <https://lance.org/guide/read_and_write#filter-push-down>`_
+            for valid SQL expressions.
        prefilter: bool, default True
            If True, apply the filter before vector search, otherwise the
            filter is applied on the result of vector search.
@@ -1356,17 +1355,15 @@ class LanceVectorQueryBuilder(LanceQueryBuilder):

        return result_set

-    def where(
-        self, where: Union[str, Expr], prefilter: bool = None
-    ) -> LanceVectorQueryBuilder:
+    def where(self, where: str, prefilter: bool = None) -> LanceVectorQueryBuilder:
        """Set the where clause.

        Parameters
        ----------
-        where: str or :class:`~lancedb.expr.Expr`
-            The filter condition.  Can be a SQL string or a type-safe
-            :class:`~lancedb.expr.Expr` built with :func:`~lancedb.expr.col`
-            and :func:`~lancedb.expr.lit`.
+        where: str
+            The where clause which is a valid SQL where clause. See
+            `Lance filter pushdown <https://lance.org/guide/read_and_write#filter-push-down>`_
+            for valid SQL expressions.
        prefilter: bool, default True
            If True, apply the filter before vector search, otherwise the
            filter is applied on the result of vector search.
@@ -1525,7 +1522,9 @@ class LanceFtsQueryBuilder(LanceQueryBuilder):
        return self._table._output_schema(self.to_query_object())

    def to_arrow(self, *, timeout: Optional[timedelta] = None) -> pa.Table:
-        self._table._ensure_no_legacy_fts_index()
+        path, fs, exist = self._table._get_fts_index_path()
+        if exist:
+            return self.tantivy_to_arrow()

        query = self._query
        if self._phrase_query:
@@ -1549,6 +1548,90 @@ class LanceFtsQueryBuilder(LanceQueryBuilder):
    ):
        raise NotImplementedError("to_batches on an FTS query")

+    def tantivy_to_arrow(self) -> pa.Table:
+        try:
+            import tantivy
+        except ImportError:
+            raise ImportError(
+                "Please install tantivy-py `pip install tantivy` to use the full text search feature."  # noqa: E501
+            )
+
+        from .fts import search_index
+
+        # get the index path
+        path, fs, exist = self._table._get_fts_index_path()
+
+        # check if the index exist
+        if not exist:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(
+                "Fts index does not exist. "
+                "Please first call table.create_fts_index(['<field_names>']) to "
+                "create the fts index."
+            )
+
+        # Check that we are on local filesystem
+        if not isinstance(fs, pa_fs.LocalFileSystem):
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "Tantivy-based full text search "
+                "is only supported on the local filesystem"
+            )
+        # open the index
+        index = tantivy.Index.open(path)
+        # get the scores and doc ids
+        query = self._query
+        if self._phrase_query:
+            query = query.replace('"', "'")
+            query = f'"{query}"'
+        limit = self._limit if self._limit is not None else 10
+        row_ids, scores = search_index(
+            index, query, limit, ordering_field=self.ordering_field_name
+        )
+        if len(row_ids) == 0:
+            empty_schema = pa.schema([pa.field("_score", pa.float32())])
+            return pa.Table.from_batches([], schema=empty_schema)
+        scores = pa.array(scores)
+        output_tbl = self._table.to_lance().take(row_ids, columns=self._columns)
+        output_tbl = output_tbl.append_column("_score", scores)
+        # this needs to match vector search results which are uint64
+        row_ids = pa.array(row_ids, type=pa.uint64())
+
+        if self._where is not None:
+            tmp_name = "__lancedb__duckdb__indexer__"
+            output_tbl = output_tbl.append_column(
+                tmp_name, pa.array(range(len(output_tbl)))
+            )
+            try:
+                # TODO would be great to have Substrait generate pyarrow compute
+                # expressions or conversely have pyarrow support SQL expressions
+                # using Substrait
+                import duckdb
+
+                indexer = duckdb.sql(
+                    f"SELECT {tmp_name} FROM output_tbl WHERE {self._where}"
+                ).to_arrow_table()[tmp_name]
+                output_tbl = output_tbl.take(indexer).drop([tmp_name])
+                row_ids = row_ids.take(indexer)
+
+            except ImportError:
+                import tempfile
+
+                import lance
+
+                # TODO Use "memory://" instead once that's supported
+                with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
+                    ds = lance.write_dataset(output_tbl, tmp)
+                    output_tbl = ds.to_table(filter=self._where)
+                    indexer = output_tbl[tmp_name]
+                    row_ids = row_ids.take(indexer)
+                    output_tbl = output_tbl.drop([tmp_name])
+
+        if self._with_row_id:
+            output_tbl = output_tbl.append_column("_rowid", row_ids)
+
+        if self._reranker is not None:
+            output_tbl = self._reranker.rerank_fts(self._query, output_tbl)
+        return output_tbl
+
    def rerank(self, reranker: Reranker) -> LanceFtsQueryBuilder:
        """Rerank the results using the specified reranker.

@@ -2122,8 +2205,8 @@ class LanceHybridQueryBuilder(LanceQueryBuilder):
            self._vector_query.select(self._columns)
            self._fts_query.select(self._columns)
        if self._where:
-            self._vector_query.where(self._where, not self._postfilter)
-            self._fts_query.where(self._where, not self._postfilter)
+            self._vector_query.where(self._where, self._postfilter)
+            self._fts_query.where(self._where, self._postfilter)
        if self._with_row_id:
            self._vector_query.with_row_id(True)
            self._fts_query.with_row_id(True)
@@ -2203,20 +2286,10 @@ class AsyncQueryBase(object):
        """
        if isinstance(columns, list) and all(isinstance(c, str) for c in columns):
            self._inner.select_columns(columns)
-        elif isinstance(columns, dict) and all(isinstance(k, str) for k in columns):
-            if any(isinstance(v, Expr) for v in columns.values()):
-                # At least one value is an Expr — use the type-safe path.
-                from .expr import _coerce
-
-                pairs = [(k, _coerce(v)._inner) for k, v in columns.items()]
-                self._inner.select_expr(pairs)
-            elif all(isinstance(v, str) for v in columns.values()):
-                self._inner.select(list(columns.items()))
-            else:
-                raise TypeError(
-                    "dict values must be str or Expr, got "
-                    + str({k: type(v) for k, v in columns.items()})
-                )
+        elif isinstance(columns, dict) and all(
+            isinstance(k, str) and isinstance(v, str) for k, v in columns.items()
+        ):
+            self._inner.select(list(columns.items()))
        else:
            raise TypeError("columns must be a list of column names or a dict")
        return self
@@ -2456,13 +2529,11 @@ class AsyncStandardQuery(AsyncQueryBase):
        """
        super().__init__(inner)

-    def where(self, predicate: Union[str, Expr]) -> Self:
+    def where(self, predicate: str) -> Self:
        """
        Only return rows matching the given predicate

-        The predicate can be a SQL string or a type-safe
-        :class:`~lancedb.expr.Expr` built with :func:`~lancedb.expr.col`
-        and :func:`~lancedb.expr.lit`.
+        The predicate should be supplied as an SQL query string.

        Examples
        --------
@@ -2474,10 +2545,7 @@ class AsyncStandardQuery(AsyncQueryBase):
        Filtering performance can often be improved by creating a scalar index
        on the filter column(s).
        """
-        if isinstance(predicate, Expr):
-            self._inner.where_expr(predicate._inner)
-        else:
-            self._inner.where(predicate)
+        self._inner.where(predicate)
        return self

    def limit(self, limit: int) -> Self:
--- a/python/python/lancedb/remote/init.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/remote/init.py
@@ -145,33 +145,6 @@ class TlsConfig:

@dataclass
 class ClientConfig:
-    """Configuration for the LanceDB Cloud HTTP client.
-
-    Attributes
-    ----------
-    user_agent: str
-        User agent string sent with requests.
-    retry_config: RetryConfig
-        Configuration for retrying failed requests.
-    timeout_config: Optional[TimeoutConfig]
-        Configuration for request timeouts.
-    extra_headers: Optional[dict]
-        Additional headers to include in requests.
-    id_delimiter: Optional[str]
-        The delimiter to use when constructing object identifiers.
-    tls_config: Optional[TlsConfig]
-        TLS/mTLS configuration for secure connections.
-    header_provider: Optional[HeaderProvider]
-        Provider for dynamic headers to be added to each request.
-    user_id: Optional[str]
-        User identifier for tracking purposes. This is sent as the
-        `x-lancedb-user-id` header in requests to LanceDB Cloud/Enterprise.
-
-        This can also be set via the `LANCEDB_USER_ID` environment variable.
-        Alternatively, set `LANCEDB_USER_ID_ENV_KEY` to specify another
-        environment variable that contains the user ID value.
-    """
-
    user_agent: str = f"LanceDB-Python-Client/{__version__}"
    retry_config: RetryConfig = field(default_factory=RetryConfig)
    timeout_config: Optional[TimeoutConfig] = field(default_factory=TimeoutConfig)
@@ -179,7 +152,6 @@ class ClientConfig:
    id_delimiter: Optional[str] = None
    tls_config: Optional[TlsConfig] = None
    header_provider: Optional["HeaderProvider"] = None
-    user_id: Optional[str] = None

    def __post_init__(self):
        if isinstance(self.retry_config, dict):
--- a/python/python/lancedb/remote/db.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/remote/db.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ from ..common import DATA
 from ..db import DBConnection, LOOP
 from ..embeddings import EmbeddingFunctionConfig
 from lance_namespace import (
-    LanceNamespace,
    CreateNamespaceResponse,
    DescribeNamespaceResponse,
    DropNamespaceResponse,
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
    @override
    def list_namespaces(
        self,
-        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        page_token: Optional[str] = None,
        limit: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> ListNamespacesResponse:
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):

        Parameters
        ----------
-        namespace_path: List[str], optional
+        namespace: List[str], optional
            The parent namespace to list namespaces in.
            None or empty list represents root namespace.
        page_token: str, optional
@@ -134,18 +133,18 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        ListNamespacesResponse
            Response containing namespace names and optional page_token for pagination.
        """
-        if namespace_path is None:
-            namespace_path = []
+        if namespace is None:
+            namespace = []
        return LOOP.run(
            self._conn.list_namespaces(
-                namespace_path=namespace_path, page_token=page_token, limit=limit
+                namespace=namespace, page_token=page_token, limit=limit
            )
        )

    @override
    def create_namespace(
        self,
-        namespace_path: List[str],
+        namespace: List[str],
        mode: Optional[str] = None,
        properties: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
    ) -> CreateNamespaceResponse:
@@ -153,7 +152,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):

        Parameters
        ----------
-        namespace_path: List[str]
+        namespace: List[str]
            The namespace identifier to create.
        mode: str, optional
            Creation mode - "create" (fail if exists), "exist_ok" (skip if exists),
@@ -168,14 +167,14 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        """
        return LOOP.run(
            self._conn.create_namespace(
-                namespace_path=namespace_path, mode=mode, properties=properties
+                namespace=namespace, mode=mode, properties=properties
            )
        )

    @override
    def drop_namespace(
        self,
-        namespace_path: List[str],
+        namespace: List[str],
        mode: Optional[str] = None,
        behavior: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> DropNamespaceResponse:
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):

        Parameters
        ----------
-        namespace_path: List[str]
+        namespace: List[str]
            The namespace identifier to drop.
        mode: str, optional
            Whether to skip if not exists ("SKIP") or fail ("FAIL"). Case insensitive.
@@ -197,20 +196,16 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
            Response containing properties and transaction_id if applicable.
        """
        return LOOP.run(
-            self._conn.drop_namespace(
-                namespace_path=namespace_path, mode=mode, behavior=behavior
-            )
+            self._conn.drop_namespace(namespace=namespace, mode=mode, behavior=behavior)
        )

    @override
-    def describe_namespace(
-        self, namespace_path: List[str]
-    ) -> DescribeNamespaceResponse:
+    def describe_namespace(self, namespace: List[str]) -> DescribeNamespaceResponse:
        """Describe a namespace.

        Parameters
        ----------
-        namespace_path: List[str]
+        namespace: List[str]
            The namespace identifier to describe.

        Returns
@@ -218,12 +213,12 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        DescribeNamespaceResponse
            Response containing the namespace properties.
        """
-        return LOOP.run(self._conn.describe_namespace(namespace_path=namespace_path))
+        return LOOP.run(self._conn.describe_namespace(namespace=namespace))

    @override
    def list_tables(
        self,
-        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        page_token: Optional[str] = None,
        limit: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> ListTablesResponse:
@@ -231,7 +226,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):

        Parameters
        ----------
-        namespace_path: List[str], optional
+        namespace: List[str], optional
            The namespace to list tables in.
            None or empty list represents root namespace.
        page_token: str, optional
@@ -245,11 +240,11 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        ListTablesResponse
            Response containing table names and optional page_token for pagination.
        """
-        if namespace_path is None:
-            namespace_path = []
+        if namespace is None:
+            namespace = []
        return LOOP.run(
            self._conn.list_tables(
-                namespace_path=namespace_path, page_token=page_token, limit=limit
+                namespace=namespace, page_token=page_token, limit=limit
            )
        )

@@ -259,7 +254,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        page_token: Optional[str] = None,
        limit: int = 10,
        *,
-        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    ) -> Iterable[str]:
        """List the names of all tables in the database.

@@ -268,7 +263,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):

        Parameters
        ----------
-        namespace_path: List[str], default []
+        namespace: List[str], default []
            The namespace to list tables in.
            Empty list represents root namespace.
        page_token: str
@@ -287,11 +282,11 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
            DeprecationWarning,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
-        if namespace_path is None:
-            namespace_path = []
+        if namespace is None:
+            namespace = []
        return LOOP.run(
            self._conn.table_names(
-                namespace_path=namespace_path, start_after=page_token, limit=limit
+                namespace=namespace, start_after=page_token, limit=limit
            )
        )

@@ -300,7 +295,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        self,
        name: str,
        *,
-        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        storage_options: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
        index_cache_size: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> Table:
@@ -310,7 +305,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        ----------
        name: str
            The name of the table.
-        namespace_path: List[str], optional
+        namespace: List[str], optional
            The namespace to open the table from.
            None or empty list represents root namespace.

@@ -320,15 +315,15 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        """
        from .table import RemoteTable

-        if namespace_path is None:
-            namespace_path = []
+        if namespace is None:
+            namespace = []
        if index_cache_size is not None:
            logging.info(
                "index_cache_size is ignored in LanceDb Cloud"
                " (there is no local cache to configure)"
            )

-        table = LOOP.run(self._conn.open_table(name, namespace_path=namespace_path))
+        table = LOOP.run(self._conn.open_table(name, namespace=namespace))
        return RemoteTable(table, self.db_name)

    def clone_table(
@@ -336,7 +331,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        target_table_name: str,
        source_uri: str,
        *,
-        target_namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        target_namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        source_version: Optional[int] = None,
        source_tag: Optional[str] = None,
        is_shallow: bool = True,
@@ -349,7 +344,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
            The name of the target table to create.
        source_uri: str
            The URI of the source table to clone from.
-        target_namespace_path: List[str], optional
+        target_namespace: List[str], optional
            The namespace for the target table.
            None or empty list represents root namespace.
        source_version: int, optional
@@ -366,13 +361,13 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        """
        from .table import RemoteTable

-        if target_namespace_path is None:
-            target_namespace_path = []
+        if target_namespace is None:
+            target_namespace = []
        table = LOOP.run(
            self._conn.clone_table(
                target_table_name,
                source_uri,
-                target_namespace_path=target_namespace_path,
+                target_namespace=target_namespace,
                source_version=source_version,
                source_tag=source_tag,
                is_shallow=is_shallow,
@@ -392,7 +387,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        exist_ok: bool = False,
        embedding_functions: Optional[List[EmbeddingFunctionConfig]] = None,
        *,
-        namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    ) -> Table:
        """Create a [Table][lancedb.table.Table] in the database.

@@ -400,7 +395,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        ----------
        name: str
            The name of the table.
-        namespace_path: List[str], optional
+        namespace: List[str], optional
            The namespace to create the table in.
            None or empty list represents root namespace.
        data: The data to initialize the table, *optional*
@@ -500,8 +495,8 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
                mode = "exist_ok"
            elif not mode:
                mode = "exist_ok"
-        if namespace_path is None:
-            namespace_path = []
+        if namespace is None:
+            namespace = []
        validate_table_name(name)
        if embedding_functions is not None:
            logging.warning(
@@ -516,7 +511,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
            self._conn.create_table(
                name,
                data,
-                namespace_path=namespace_path,
+                namespace=namespace,
                mode=mode,
                schema=schema,
                on_bad_vectors=on_bad_vectors,
@@ -526,28 +521,28 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        return RemoteTable(table, self.db_name)

    @override
-    def drop_table(self, name: str, namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None):
+    def drop_table(self, name: str, namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None):
        """Drop a table from the database.

        Parameters
        ----------
        name: str
            The name of the table.
-        namespace_path: List[str], optional
+        namespace: List[str], optional
            The namespace to drop the table from.
            None or empty list represents root namespace.
        """
-        if namespace_path is None:
-            namespace_path = []
-        LOOP.run(self._conn.drop_table(name, namespace_path=namespace_path))
+        if namespace is None:
+            namespace = []
+        LOOP.run(self._conn.drop_table(name, namespace=namespace))

    @override
    def rename_table(
        self,
        cur_name: str,
        new_name: str,
-        cur_namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-        new_namespace_path: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        cur_namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        new_namespace: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    ):
        """Rename a table in the database.

@@ -558,32 +553,19 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
        new_name: str
            The new name of the table.
        """
-        if cur_namespace_path is None:
-            cur_namespace_path = []
-        if new_namespace_path is None:
-            new_namespace_path = []
+        if cur_namespace is None:
+            cur_namespace = []
+        if new_namespace is None:
+            new_namespace = []
        LOOP.run(
            self._conn.rename_table(
                cur_name,
                new_name,
-                cur_namespace_path=cur_namespace_path,
-                new_namespace_path=new_namespace_path,
+                cur_namespace=cur_namespace,
+                new_namespace=new_namespace,
            )
        )

-    @override
-    def namespace_client(self) -> LanceNamespace:
-        """Get the equivalent namespace client for this connection.
-
-        Returns a RestNamespace with the same URI and authentication headers.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        LanceNamespace
-            The namespace client for this connection.
-        """
-        return LOOP.run(self._conn.namespace_client())
-
    async def close(self):
        """Close the connection to the database."""
-        self._conn.close()
+        self._client.close()
--- a/python/python/lancedb/remote/table.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/remote/table.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 from datetime import timedelta
 import logging
 from functools import cached_property
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Union, Literal
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Union, Literal
 import warnings

 from lancedb._lancedb import (
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ import pyarrow as pa
 from lancedb.common import DATA, VEC, VECTOR_COLUMN_NAME
 from lancedb.merge import LanceMergeInsertBuilder
 from lancedb.embeddings import EmbeddingFunctionRegistry
-from lancedb.table import _normalize_progress

 from ..query import LanceVectorQueryBuilder, LanceQueryBuilder, LanceTakeQueryBuilder
 from ..table import AsyncTable, IndexStatistics, Query, Table, Tags
@@ -309,7 +308,6 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
        mode: str = "append",
        on_bad_vectors: str = "error",
        fill_value: float = 0.0,
-        progress: Optional[Union[bool, Callable, Any]] = None,
    ) -> AddResult:
        """Add more data to the [Table](Table). It has the same API signature as
        the OSS version.
@@ -332,29 +330,17 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
            One of "error", "drop", "fill".
        fill_value: float, default 0.
            The value to use when filling vectors. Only used if on_bad_vectors="fill".
-        progress: bool, callable, or tqdm-like, optional
-            A callback or tqdm-compatible progress bar. See
-            :meth:`Table.add` for details.

        Returns
        -------
        AddResult
            An object containing the new version number of the table after adding data.
        """
-        progress, owns = _normalize_progress(progress)
-        try:
-            return LOOP.run(
-                self._table.add(
-                    data,
-                    mode=mode,
-                    on_bad_vectors=on_bad_vectors,
-                    fill_value=fill_value,
-                    progress=progress,
-                )
+        return LOOP.run(
+            self._table.add(
+                data, mode=mode, on_bad_vectors=on_bad_vectors, fill_value=fill_value
            )
-        finally:
-            if owns:
-                progress.close()
+        )

    def search(
        self,
@@ -654,45 +640,6 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
    def drop_index(self, index_name: str):
        return LOOP.run(self._table.drop_index(index_name))

-    def prewarm_index(self, name: str) -> None:
-        """Prewarm an index in the table.
-
-        This is a hint to the database that the index will be accessed in the
-        future and should be loaded into memory if possible.  This can reduce
-        cold-start latency for subsequent queries.
-
-        This call initiates prewarming and returns once the request is accepted.
-        It is idempotent and safe to call from multiple clients concurrently.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        name: str
-            The name of the index to prewarm
-        """
-        return LOOP.run(self._table.prewarm_index(name))
-
-    def prewarm_data(self, columns: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> None:
-        """Prewarm data for the table.
-
-        This is a hint to the database that the given columns will be accessed
-        in the future and the database should prefetch the data if possible.
-        Currently only supported on remote tables.
-
-        This call initiates prewarming and returns once the request is accepted.
-        It is idempotent and safe to call from multiple clients concurrently.
-
-        This operation has a large upfront cost but can speed up future queries
-        that need to fetch the given columns.  Large columns such as embeddings
-        or binary data may not be practical to prewarm.  This feature is intended
-        for workloads that issue many queries against the same columns.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        columns: list of str, optional
-            The columns to prewarm. If None, all columns are prewarmed.
-        """
-        return LOOP.run(self._table.prewarm_data(columns))
-
    def wait_for_index(
        self, index_names: Iterable[str], timeout: timedelta = timedelta(seconds=300)
    ):
--- a/python/python/lancedb/table.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/table.py
--- a/python/python/tests/docs/test_search.py
+++ b/python/python/tests/docs/test_search.py
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ def test_fts_fuzzy_query():
        ),
        mode="overwrite",
    )
-    table.create_fts_index("text", replace=True)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, replace=True)

    results = table.search(MatchQuery("foo", "text", fuzziness=1)).to_pandas()
    assert len(results) == 4
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ def test_fts_boost_query():
        ),
        mode="overwrite",
    )
-    table.create_fts_index("desc", replace=True)
+    table.create_fts_index("desc", use_tantivy=False, replace=True)

    results = table.search(
        BoostQuery(
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ def test_fts_boolean_query(tmp_path):
        ],
        mode="overwrite",
    )
-    table.create_fts_index("text", replace=True)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, replace=True)

    # SHOULD
    results = table.search(
@@ -319,7 +319,9 @@ def test_fts_native():
        ],
    )

-    table.create_fts_index("text")
+    # passing `use_tantivy=False` to use lance FTS index
+    # `use_tantivy=True` by default
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False)
    table.search("puppy").limit(10).select(["text"]).to_list()
    # [{'text': 'Frodo was a happy puppy', '_score': 0.6931471824645996}]
    # ...
@@ -330,6 +332,7 @@ def test_fts_native():
    # --8<-- [start:fts_config_folding]
    table.create_fts_index(
        "text",
+        use_tantivy=False,
        language="French",
        stem=True,
        ascii_folding=True,
@@ -343,7 +346,7 @@ def test_fts_native():
    table.search("puppy").limit(10).where("text='foo'", prefilter=False).to_list()
    # --8<-- [end:fts_postfiltering]
    # --8<-- [start:fts_with_position]
-    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=True, replace=True)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, with_position=True, replace=True)
    # --8<-- [end:fts_with_position]
    # --8<-- [start:fts_incremental_index]
    table.add([{"vector": [3.1, 4.1], "text": "Frodo was a happy puppy"}])
--- a/python/python/tests/test_db.py
+++ b/python/python/tests/test_db.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@


 import re
-import sys
 from datetime import timedelta
 import os

@@ -15,7 +14,8 @@ import pytest
 from lancedb.pydantic import LanceModel, Vector


-def test_basic(tmp_path):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
+def test_basic(tmp_path, use_tantivy):
    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)

    assert db.uri == str(tmp_path)
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def test_basic(tmp_path):
    assert len(rs) == 1
    assert rs["item"].iloc[0] == "foo"

-    table.create_fts_index("item")
+    table.create_fts_index("item", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
    rs = table.search("bar", query_type="fts").to_pandas()
    assert len(rs) == 1
    assert rs["item"].iloc[0] == "bar"
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ def test_table_names(tmp_db: lancedb.DBConnection):
    result = list(tmp_db.table_names("test2", limit=2))
    assert result == ["test3"], f"Expected ['test3'], got {result}"

-    # Test that namespace_path parameter can be passed as keyword
-    result = list(tmp_db.table_names(namespace_path=[]))
+    # Test that namespace parameter can be passed as keyword
+    result = list(tmp_db.table_names(namespace=[]))
    assert len(result) == 3


@@ -896,22 +896,42 @@ def test_bypass_vector_index_sync(tmp_db: lancedb.DBConnection):


 def test_local_namespace_operations(tmp_path):
-    """Test that local mode namespace operations work via directory namespace."""
+    """Test that local mode namespace operations behave as expected."""
+    # Create a local database connection
    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)

-    # Root namespace starts empty
-    assert db.list_namespaces().namespaces == []
+    # Test list_namespaces returns empty list for root namespace
+    namespaces = db.list_namespaces().namespaces
+    assert namespaces == []

-    # Create and list child namespace
-    db.create_namespace(["child"])
-    assert "child" in db.list_namespaces().namespaces
+    # Test list_namespaces with non-empty namespace raises NotImplementedError
+    with pytest.raises(
+        NotImplementedError,
+        match="Namespace operations are not supported for listing database",
+    ):
+        db.list_namespaces(namespace=["test"])

-    # List namespaces under child
-    assert db.list_namespaces(namespace_path=["child"]).namespaces == []

-    # Drop namespace
-    db.drop_namespace(["child"])
-    assert db.list_namespaces().namespaces == []
+def test_local_create_namespace_not_supported(tmp_path):
+    """Test that create_namespace is not supported in local mode."""
+    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        NotImplementedError,
+        match="Namespace operations are not supported for listing database",
+    ):
+        db.create_namespace(["test_namespace"])
+
+
+def test_local_drop_namespace_not_supported(tmp_path):
+    """Test that drop_namespace is not supported in local mode."""
+    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        NotImplementedError,
+        match="Namespace operations are not supported for listing database",
+    ):
+        db.drop_namespace(["test_namespace"])


 def test_clone_table_latest_version(tmp_path):
@@ -1028,59 +1048,3 @@ def test_clone_table_deep_clone_fails(tmp_path):
    source_uri = os.path.join(tmp_path, "source.lance")
    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="Deep clone is not yet implemented"):
        db.clone_table("cloned", source_uri, is_shallow=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Namespace client issues")
-def test_namespace_client_native_storage(tmp_path):
-    """Test namespace_client() returns DirectoryNamespace for native storage."""
-    from lance.namespace import DirectoryNamespace
-
-    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
-    ns_client = db.namespace_client()
-
-    assert isinstance(ns_client, DirectoryNamespace)
-    assert str(tmp_path) in ns_client.namespace_id()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Namespace client issues")
-def test_namespace_client_with_storage_options(tmp_path):
-    """Test namespace_client() preserves storage options."""
-    from lance.namespace import DirectoryNamespace
-
-    storage_options = {"timeout": "10s"}
-    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path, storage_options=storage_options)
-    ns_client = db.namespace_client()
-
-    assert isinstance(ns_client, DirectoryNamespace)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Namespace client issues")
-def test_namespace_client_operations(tmp_path):
-    """Test that namespace_client() returns a functional namespace client."""
-    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
-    ns_client = db.namespace_client()
-
-    # Create a table through the main db connection
-    data = [{"id": 1, "text": "hello", "vector": [1.0, 2.0]}]
-    db.create_table("test_table", data=data)
-
-    # Verify the namespace client can see the table
-    from lance_namespace import ListTablesRequest
-
-    # id=[] means root namespace
-    response = ns_client.list_tables(ListTablesRequest(id=[]))
-    # Tables can be strings or objects with name attribute
-    table_names = [t.name if hasattr(t, "name") else t for t in response.tables]
-    assert "test_table" in table_names
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Namespace client issues")
-def test_namespace_client_namespace_connection(tmp_path):
-    """Test namespace_client() returns the backing client for namespace connections."""
-    from lance.namespace import DirectoryNamespace
-
-    db = lancedb.connect_namespace("dir", {"root": str(tmp_path)})
-    ns_client = db.namespace_client()
-
-    assert isinstance(ns_client, DirectoryNamespace)
-    assert str(tmp_path) in ns_client.namespace_id()
--- a/python/python/tests/test_embeddings.py
+++ b/python/python/tests/test_embeddings.py
@@ -546,24 +546,3 @@ def test_openai_no_retry_on_401(mock_sleep):
    assert mock_func.call_count == 1
    # Verify that sleep was never called (no retries)
    assert mock_sleep.call_count == 0
-
-
-def test_url_retrieve_downloads_image():
-    """
-    Embedding functions like open-clip, siglip, and jinaai use url_retrieve()
-    to download images from HTTP URLs. For example, open_clip._to_pil() calls:
-
-        PIL_Image.open(io.BytesIO(url_retrieve(image)))
-
-    Verify that url_retrieve() can download an image and open it as PIL Image,
-    matching the real usage pattern in embedding functions.
-    """
-    import io
-
-    Image = pytest.importorskip("PIL.Image")
-    from lancedb.embeddings.utils import url_retrieve
-
-    image_url = "http://farm1.staticflickr.com/53/167798175_7c7845bbbd_z.jpg"
-    image_bytes = url_retrieve(image_url)
-    img = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_bytes))
-    assert img.size[0] > 0 and img.size[1] > 0
--- a/python/python/tests/test_fts.py
+++ b/python/python/tests/test_fts.py
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ import pytest
 import pytest_asyncio
 from utils import exception_output

+pytest.importorskip("lancedb.fts")
+tantivy = pytest.importorskip("tantivy")
+

@pytest.fixture
 def table(tmp_path) -> ldb.table.LanceTable:
@@ -141,53 +144,58 @@ async def async_table(tmp_path) -> ldb.table.AsyncTable:
    return table


-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("kwargs", "match"),
-    [
-        (
-            {"use_tantivy": True},
-            "Tantivy-based FTS has been removed",
-        ),
-        (
-            {"ordering_field_names": ["count"]},
-            "ordering_field_names was only supported",
-        ),
-        (
-            {"writer_heap_size": 128},
-            "writer_heap_size was only supported",
-        ),
-    ],
-)
-def test_reject_removed_tantivy_parameters(table, kwargs, match):
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=match):
-        table.create_fts_index("text", **kwargs)
+def test_create_index(tmp_path):
+    index = ldb.fts.create_index(str(tmp_path / "index"), ["text"])
+    assert isinstance(index, tantivy.Index)
+    assert os.path.exists(str(tmp_path / "index"))


-def test_reject_legacy_tantivy_index(table):
-    path, _, _ = table._get_fts_index_path()
-    os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)
+def test_create_index_with_stemming(tmp_path, table):
+    index = ldb.fts.create_index(
+        str(tmp_path / "index"), ["text"], tokenizer_name="en_stem"
+    )
+    assert isinstance(index, tantivy.Index)
+    assert os.path.exists(str(tmp_path / "index"))

-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Legacy Tantivy FTS index detected"):
-        table.search("puppy").limit(5).to_list()
-
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Legacy Tantivy FTS index detected"):
-        table.create_fts_index("text")
+    # Check stemming by running tokenizer on non empty table
+    table.create_fts_index("text", tokenizer_name="en_stem", use_tantivy=True)


+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("with_position", [True, False])
-def test_create_inverted_index(table, with_position):
+def test_create_inverted_index(table, use_tantivy, with_position):
+    if use_tantivy and not with_position:
+        pytest.skip("we don't support building a tantivy index without position")
    table.create_fts_index(
        "text",
+        use_tantivy=use_tantivy,
        with_position=with_position,
        name="custom_fts_index",
    )
-    indices = table.list_indices()
-    fts_indices = [i for i in indices if i.index_type == "FTS"]
-    assert any(i.name == "custom_fts_index" for i in fts_indices)
+    if not use_tantivy:
+        indices = table.list_indices()
+        fts_indices = [i for i in indices if i.index_type == "FTS"]
+        assert any(i.name == "custom_fts_index" for i in fts_indices)


-def test_search_fts(table):
-    table.create_fts_index("text")
+def test_populate_index(tmp_path, table):
+    index = ldb.fts.create_index(str(tmp_path / "index"), ["text"])
+    assert ldb.fts.populate_index(index, table, ["text"]) == len(table)
+
+
+def test_search_index(tmp_path, table):
+    index = ldb.fts.create_index(str(tmp_path / "index"), ["text"])
+    ldb.fts.populate_index(index, table, ["text"])
+    index.reload()
+    results = ldb.fts.search_index(index, query="puppy", limit=5)
+    assert len(results) == 2
+    assert len(results[0]) == 5  # row_ids
+    assert len(results[1]) == 5  # _score
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
+def test_search_fts(table, use_tantivy):
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
    results = table.search("puppy").select(["id", "text"]).limit(5).to_list()
    assert len(results) == 5
    assert len(results[0]) == 3  # id, text, _score
@@ -196,52 +204,53 @@ def test_search_fts(table):
    results = table.search("puppy").select(["id", "text"]).to_list()
    assert len(results) == 10

-    # Test with a query
-    results = (
-        table.search(MatchQuery("puppy", "text"))
-        .select(["id", "text"])
-        .limit(5)
-        .to_list()
-    )
-    assert len(results) == 5
-
-    # Test boost query
-    results = (
-        table.search(
-            BoostQuery(
-                MatchQuery("puppy", "text"),
-                MatchQuery("runs", "text"),
-            )
+    if not use_tantivy:
+        # Test with a query
+        results = (
+            table.search(MatchQuery("puppy", "text"))
+            .select(["id", "text"])
+            .limit(5)
+            .to_list()
        )
-        .select(["id", "text"])
-        .limit(5)
-        .to_list()
-    )
-    assert len(results) == 5
+        assert len(results) == 5

-    # Test multi match query
-    table.create_fts_index("text2")
-    results = (
-        table.search(MultiMatchQuery("puppy", ["text", "text2"]))
-        .select(["id", "text"])
-        .limit(5)
-        .to_list()
-    )
-    assert len(results) == 5
-    assert len(results[0]) == 3  # id, text, _score
+        # Test boost query
+        results = (
+            table.search(
+                BoostQuery(
+                    MatchQuery("puppy", "text"),
+                    MatchQuery("runs", "text"),
+                )
+            )
+            .select(["id", "text"])
+            .limit(5)
+            .to_list()
+        )
+        assert len(results) == 5

-    # Test boolean query
-    results = (
-        table.search(MatchQuery("puppy", "text") & MatchQuery("runs", "text"))
-        .select(["id", "text"])
-        .limit(5)
-        .to_list()
-    )
-    assert len(results) == 5
-    assert len(results[0]) == 3  # id, text, _score
-    for r in results:
-        assert "puppy" in r["text"]
-        assert "runs" in r["text"]
+        # Test multi match query
+        table.create_fts_index("text2", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
+        results = (
+            table.search(MultiMatchQuery("puppy", ["text", "text2"]))
+            .select(["id", "text"])
+            .limit(5)
+            .to_list()
+        )
+        assert len(results) == 5
+        assert len(results[0]) == 3  # id, text, _score
+
+        # Test boolean query
+        results = (
+            table.search(MatchQuery("puppy", "text") & MatchQuery("runs", "text"))
+            .select(["id", "text"])
+            .limit(5)
+            .to_list()
+        )
+        assert len(results) == 5
+        assert len(results[0]) == 3  # id, text, _score
+        for r in results:
+            assert "puppy" in r["text"]
+            assert "runs" in r["text"]


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -309,13 +318,13 @@ async def test_fts_select_async(async_table):


 def test_search_fts_phrase_query(table):
-    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=False)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, with_position=False)
    try:
        phrase_results = table.search('"puppy runs"').limit(100).to_list()
        assert False
    except Exception:
        pass
-    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=True, replace=True)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, with_position=True, replace=True)
    results = table.search("puppy").limit(100).to_list()

    # Test with quotation marks
@@ -366,8 +375,8 @@ async def test_search_fts_phrase_query_async(async_table):


 def test_search_fts_specify_column(table):
-    table.create_fts_index("text")
-    table.create_fts_index("text2")
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False)
+    table.create_fts_index("text2", use_tantivy=False)

    results = table.search("puppy", fts_columns="text").limit(5).to_list()
    assert len(results) == 5
@@ -461,8 +470,42 @@ async def test_search_fts_specify_column_async(async_table):
        pass


-def test_create_index_from_table(tmp_path, table):
-    table.create_fts_index("text")
+def test_search_ordering_field_index_table(tmp_path, table):
+    table.create_fts_index("text", ordering_field_names=["count"], use_tantivy=True)
+    rows = (
+        table.search("puppy", ordering_field_name="count")
+        .limit(20)
+        .select(["text", "count"])
+        .to_list()
+    )
+    for r in rows:
+        assert "puppy" in r["text"]
+    assert sorted(rows, key=lambda x: x["count"], reverse=True) == rows
+
+
+def test_search_ordering_field_index(tmp_path, table):
+    index = ldb.fts.create_index(
+        str(tmp_path / "index"), ["text"], ordering_fields=["count"]
+    )
+
+    ldb.fts.populate_index(index, table, ["text"], ordering_fields=["count"])
+    index.reload()
+    results = ldb.fts.search_index(
+        index, query="puppy", limit=5, ordering_field="count"
+    )
+    assert len(results) == 2
+    assert len(results[0]) == 5  # row_ids
+    assert len(results[1]) == 5  # _distance
+    rows = table.to_lance().take(results[0]).to_pylist()
+
+    for r in rows:
+        assert "puppy" in r["text"]
+    assert sorted(rows, key=lambda x: x["count"], reverse=True) == rows
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
+def test_create_index_from_table(tmp_path, table, use_tantivy):
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
    df = table.search("puppy").limit(5).select(["text"]).to_pandas()
    assert len(df) <= 5
    assert "text" in df.columns
@@ -482,24 +525,36 @@ def test_create_index_from_table(tmp_path, table):
    )

    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="already exists"):
-        table.create_fts_index("text")
+        table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)

-    table.create_fts_index("text", replace=True)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", replace=True, use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
    assert len(table.search("gorilla").limit(1).to_pandas()) == 1


 def test_create_index_multiple_columns(tmp_path, table):
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Native FTS indexes can only be created"):
-        table.create_fts_index(["text", "text2"])
+    table.create_fts_index(["text", "text2"], use_tantivy=True)
+    df = table.search("puppy").limit(5).to_pandas()
+    assert len(df) == 5
+    assert "text" in df.columns
+    assert "text2" in df.columns
+
+
+def test_empty_rs(tmp_path, table, mocker):
+    table.create_fts_index(["text", "text2"], use_tantivy=True)
+    mocker.patch("lancedb.fts.search_index", return_value=([], []))
+    df = table.search("puppy").limit(5).to_pandas()
+    assert len(df) == 0


 def test_nested_schema(tmp_path, table):
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="top-level fields"):
-        table.create_fts_index("nested.text")
+    table.create_fts_index("nested.text", use_tantivy=True)
+    rs = table.search("puppy").limit(5).to_list()
+    assert len(rs) == 5


-def test_search_index_with_filter(table):
-    table.create_fts_index("text")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
+def test_search_index_with_filter(table, use_tantivy):
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)
    orig_import = __import__

    def import_mock(name, *args):
@@ -529,7 +584,8 @@ def test_search_index_with_filter(table):
        assert r["_rowid"] is not None


-def test_null_input(table):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_tantivy", [True, False])
+def test_null_input(table, use_tantivy):
    table.add(
        [
            {
@@ -542,13 +598,14 @@ def test_null_input(table):
            }
        ]
    )
-    table.create_fts_index("text")
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=use_tantivy)


 def test_syntax(table):
    # https://github.com/lancedb/lancedb/issues/769
-    table.create_fts_index("text")
-    table.search("they could have been dogs OR").limit(10).to_list()
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=True)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Syntax Error"):
+        table.search("they could have been dogs OR").limit(10).to_list()

    # these should work

@@ -559,7 +616,6 @@ def test_syntax(table):
    ).to_list()

    # phrase queries
-    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=True, replace=True)
    table.search("they could have been dogs OR cats").phrase_query().limit(10).to_list()
    table.search('"they could have been dogs OR cats"').limit(10).to_list()
    table.search('''"the cats OR dogs were not really 'pets' at all"''').limit(
@@ -583,7 +639,7 @@ def test_language(mem_db: DBConnection):
    table = mem_db.create_table("test", data=data)

    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:
-        table.create_fts_index("text", language="klingon")
+        table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, language="klingon")

    assert exception_output(e) == (
        "ValueError: LanceDB does not support the requested language: 'klingon'\n"
@@ -594,6 +650,7 @@ def test_language(mem_db: DBConnection):

    table.create_fts_index(
        "text",
+        use_tantivy=False,
        language="French",
        stem=True,
        ascii_folding=True,
@@ -633,7 +690,7 @@ def test_fts_on_list(mem_db: DBConnection):
        }
    )
    table = mem_db.create_table("test", data=data)
-    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=True)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, with_position=True)

    res = table.search("lance").limit(5).to_list()
    assert len(res) == 3
@@ -645,7 +702,7 @@ def test_fts_on_list(mem_db: DBConnection):
 def test_fts_ngram(mem_db: DBConnection):
    data = pa.table({"text": ["hello world", "lance database", "lance is cool"]})
    table = mem_db.create_table("test", data=data)
-    table.create_fts_index("text", base_tokenizer="ngram")
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, base_tokenizer="ngram")

    results = table.search("lan", query_type="fts").limit(10).to_list()
    assert len(results) == 2
@@ -664,6 +721,7 @@ def test_fts_ngram(mem_db: DBConnection):
    # test setting min_ngram_length and prefix_only
    table.create_fts_index(
        "text",
+        use_tantivy=False,
        base_tokenizer="ngram",
        replace=True,
        ngram_min_length=2,
@@ -828,7 +886,7 @@ def test_fts_query_to_json():


 def test_fts_fast_search(table):
-    table.create_fts_index("text")
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False)

    # Insert some unindexed data
    table.add(
--- a/python/python/tests/test_hybrid_query.py
+++ b/python/python/tests/test_hybrid_query.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def sync_table(tmpdir_factory) -> Table:
        }
    )
    table = db.create_table("test", data)
-    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=False)
+    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=False, use_tantivy=False)
    return table


@@ -177,60 +177,6 @@ async def test_analyze_plan(table: AsyncTable):
    assert "metrics=" in res


-@pytest.fixture
-def table_with_id(tmpdir_factory) -> Table:
-    tmp_path = str(tmpdir_factory.mktemp("data"))
-    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
-    data = pa.table(
-        {
-            "id": pa.array([1, 2, 3, 4], type=pa.int64()),
-            "text": pa.array(["a", "b", "cat", "dog"]),
-            "vector": pa.array(
-                [[0.1, 0.1], [2, 2], [-0.1, -0.1], [0.5, -0.5]],
-                type=pa.list_(pa.float32(), list_size=2),
-            ),
-        }
-    )
-    table = db.create_table("test_with_id", data)
-    table.create_fts_index("text", with_position=False)
-    return table
-
-
-def test_hybrid_prefilter_explain_plan(table_with_id: Table):
-    """
-    Verify that the prefilter logic is not inverted in LanceHybridQueryBuilder.
-    """
-    plan_prefilter = (
-        table_with_id.search(query_type="hybrid")
-        .vector([0.0, 0.0])
-        .text("dog")
-        .where("id = 1", prefilter=True)
-        .limit(2)
-        .explain_plan(verbose=True)
-    )
-
-    plan_postfilter = (
-        table_with_id.search(query_type="hybrid")
-        .vector([0.0, 0.0])
-        .text("dog")
-        .where("id = 1", prefilter=False)
-        .limit(2)
-        .explain_plan(verbose=True)
-    )
-
-    # prefilter=True: filter is pushed into the LanceRead scan.
-    # The FTS sub-plan exposes this as "full_filter=id = Int64(1)" inside LanceRead.
-    assert "full_filter=id = Int64(1)" in plan_prefilter, (
-        f"Should push the filter into the scan.\nPlan:\n{plan_prefilter}"
-    )
-
-    # prefilter=False: filter is applied as a separate FilterExec after the search.
-    # The filter must NOT be embedded in the scan.
-    assert "full_filter=id = Int64(1)" not in plan_postfilter, (
-        f"Should NOT push the filter into the scan.\nPlan:\n{plan_postfilter}"
-    )
-
-
 def test_normalize_scores():
    cases = [
        (pa.array([0.1, 0.4]), pa.array([0.0, 1.0])),
--- a/python/python/tests/test_index.py
+++ b/python/python/tests/test_index.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@

 from datetime import timedelta
 import random
-from typing import get_args, get_type_hints

 import pyarrow as pa
 import pytest
@@ -23,7 +22,6 @@ from lancedb.index import (
    HnswSq,
    FTS,
 )
-from lancedb.table import IndexStatistics


@pytest_asyncio.fixture
@@ -285,23 +283,3 @@ async def test_create_index_with_binary_vectors(binary_table: AsyncTable):
    for v in range(256):
        res = await binary_table.query().nearest_to([v] * 128).to_arrow()
        assert res["id"][0].as_py() == v
-
-
-def test_index_statistics_index_type_lists_all_supported_values():
-    expected_index_types = {
-        "IVF_FLAT",
-        "IVF_SQ",
-        "IVF_PQ",
-        "IVF_RQ",
-        "IVF_HNSW_SQ",
-        "IVF_HNSW_PQ",
-        "FTS",
-        "BTREE",
-        "BITMAP",
-        "LABEL_LIST",
-    }
-
-    assert (
-        set(get_args(get_type_hints(IndexStatistics)["index_type"]))
-        == expected_index_types
-    )
--- a/python/python/tests/test_namespace.py
+++ b/python/python/tests/test_namespace.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import shutil
 import pytest
 import pyarrow as pa
 import lancedb
-from lance_namespace.errors import NamespaceNotEmptyError, TableNotFoundError


 class TestNamespaceConnection:
@@ -33,16 +32,6 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
        # Initially no tables in root
        assert len(list(db.table_names())) == 0

-    def test_connect_via_connect_helper(self):
-        """Connecting via lancedb.connect should delegate to namespace connection."""
-        db = lancedb.connect(
-            namespace_client_impl="dir",
-            namespace_client_properties={"root": self.temp_dir},
-        )
-
-        assert isinstance(db, lancedb.LanceNamespaceDBConnection)
-        assert len(list(db.table_names())) == 0
-
    def test_create_table_through_namespace(self):
        """Test creating a table through namespace."""
        db = lancedb.connect_namespace("dir", {"root": self.temp_dir})
@@ -60,14 +49,14 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
        )

        # Create empty table in child namespace
-        table = db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        table = db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
        assert table is not None
        assert table.name == "test_table"
        assert table.namespace == ["test_ns"]
        assert table.id == "test_ns$test_table"

        # Table should appear in child namespace
-        table_names = list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))
+        table_names = list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))
        assert "test_table" in table_names
        assert len(table_names) == 1

@@ -90,10 +79,10 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
                pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2)),
            ]
        )
-        db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])

        # Open the table
-        table = db.open_table("test_table", namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        table = db.open_table("test_table", namespace=["test_ns"])
        assert table is not None
        assert table.name == "test_table"
        assert table.namespace == ["test_ns"]
@@ -118,31 +107,31 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
                pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2)),
            ]
        )
-        db.create_table("table1", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
-        db.create_table("table2", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        db.create_table("table1", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
+        db.create_table("table2", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])

        # Verify both tables exist in child namespace
-        table_names = list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))
+        table_names = list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))
        assert "table1" in table_names
        assert "table2" in table_names
        assert len(table_names) == 2

        # Drop one table
-        db.drop_table("table1", namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        db.drop_table("table1", namespace=["test_ns"])

        # Verify only table2 remains
-        table_names = list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))
+        table_names = list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))
        assert "table1" not in table_names
        assert "table2" in table_names
        assert len(table_names) == 1

        # Drop the second table
-        db.drop_table("table2", namespace_path=["test_ns"])
-        assert len(list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))) == 0
+        db.drop_table("table2", namespace=["test_ns"])
+        assert len(list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))) == 0

        # Should not be able to open dropped table
-        with pytest.raises(TableNotFoundError):
-            db.open_table("table1", namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+            db.open_table("table1", namespace=["test_ns"])

    def test_create_table_with_schema(self):
        """Test creating a table with explicit schema through namespace."""
@@ -161,7 +150,7 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
        )

        # Create table with schema in child namespace
-        table = db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        table = db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
        assert table is not None
        assert table.namespace == ["test_ns"]

@@ -185,7 +174,7 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
                pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2)),
            ]
        )
-        db.create_table("old_name", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        db.create_table("old_name", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])

        # Rename should raise NotImplementedError
        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match="rename_table is not supported"):
@@ -206,20 +195,20 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
            ]
        )
        for i in range(3):
-            db.create_table(f"table{i}", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+            db.create_table(f"table{i}", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])

        # Verify tables exist in child namespace
-        assert len(list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))) == 3
+        assert len(list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))) == 3

        # Drop all tables in child namespace
-        db.drop_all_tables(namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        db.drop_all_tables(namespace=["test_ns"])

        # Verify all tables are gone from child namespace
-        assert len(list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))) == 0
+        assert len(list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))) == 0

        # Test that table_names works with keyword-only namespace parameter
-        db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
-        result = list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))
+        db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
+        result = list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))
        assert "test_table" in result

    def test_table_operations(self):
@@ -237,7 +226,7 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
                pa.field("text", pa.string()),
            ]
        )
-        table = db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        table = db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])

        # Verify empty table was created
        result = table.to_pandas()
@@ -308,25 +297,25 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
            ]
        )
        table = db.create_table(
-            "test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_namespace"]
+            "test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_namespace"]
        )
        assert table is not None

        # Verify table exists in namespace
-        tables_in_namespace = list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_namespace"]))
+        tables_in_namespace = list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_namespace"]))
        assert "test_table" in tables_in_namespace
        assert len(tables_in_namespace) == 1

        # Open table from namespace
-        table = db.open_table("test_table", namespace_path=["test_namespace"])
+        table = db.open_table("test_table", namespace=["test_namespace"])
        assert table is not None
        assert table.name == "test_table"

        # Drop table from namespace
-        db.drop_table("test_table", namespace_path=["test_namespace"])
+        db.drop_table("test_table", namespace=["test_namespace"])

        # Verify table no longer exists in namespace
-        tables_in_namespace = list(db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_namespace"]))
+        tables_in_namespace = list(db.table_names(namespace=["test_namespace"]))
        assert len(tables_in_namespace) == 0

        # Drop namespace
@@ -348,14 +337,14 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
                pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2)),
            ]
        )
-        db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_namespace"])
+        db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_namespace"])

        # Try to drop namespace with tables - should fail
-        with pytest.raises(NamespaceNotEmptyError):
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="is not empty"):
            db.drop_namespace(["test_namespace"])

        # Drop table first
-        db.drop_table("test_table", namespace_path=["test_namespace"])
+        db.drop_table("test_table", namespace=["test_namespace"])

        # Now dropping namespace should work
        db.drop_namespace(["test_namespace"])
@@ -378,10 +367,10 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:

        # Create table with same name in both namespaces
        table_a = db.create_table(
-            "same_name_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["namespace_a"]
+            "same_name_table", schema=schema, namespace=["namespace_a"]
        )
        table_b = db.create_table(
-            "same_name_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["namespace_b"]
+            "same_name_table", schema=schema, namespace=["namespace_b"]
        )

        # Add different data to each table
@@ -399,9 +388,7 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
        table_b.add(data_b)

        # Verify data in namespace_a table
-        opened_table_a = db.open_table(
-            "same_name_table", namespace_path=["namespace_a"]
-        )
+        opened_table_a = db.open_table("same_name_table", namespace=["namespace_a"])
        result_a = opened_table_a.to_pandas().sort_values("id").reset_index(drop=True)
        assert len(result_a) == 2
        assert result_a["id"].tolist() == [1, 2]
@@ -412,9 +399,7 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
        assert [v.tolist() for v in result_a["vector"]] == [[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]]

        # Verify data in namespace_b table
-        opened_table_b = db.open_table(
-            "same_name_table", namespace_path=["namespace_b"]
-        )
+        opened_table_b = db.open_table("same_name_table", namespace=["namespace_b"])
        result_b = opened_table_b.to_pandas().sort_values("id").reset_index(drop=True)
        assert len(result_b) == 3
        assert result_b["id"].tolist() == [10, 20, 30]
@@ -434,8 +419,8 @@ class TestNamespaceConnection:
        assert "same_name_table" not in root_tables

        # Clean up
-        db.drop_table("same_name_table", namespace_path=["namespace_a"])
-        db.drop_table("same_name_table", namespace_path=["namespace_b"])
+        db.drop_table("same_name_table", namespace=["namespace_a"])
+        db.drop_table("same_name_table", namespace=["namespace_b"])
        db.drop_namespace(["namespace_a"])
        db.drop_namespace(["namespace_b"])

@@ -463,8 +448,6 @@ class TestAsyncNamespaceConnection:
        table_names = await db.table_names()
        assert len(list(table_names)) == 0

-    # Async connect via namespace helper is not enabled yet.
-
    async def test_create_table_async(self):
        """Test creating a table asynchronously through namespace."""
        db = lancedb.connect_namespace_async("dir", {"root": self.temp_dir})
@@ -483,13 +466,13 @@ class TestAsyncNamespaceConnection:

        # Create empty table in child namespace
        table = await db.create_table(
-            "test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"]
+            "test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"]
        )
        assert table is not None
        assert isinstance(table, lancedb.AsyncTable)

        # Table should appear in child namespace
-        table_names = await db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        table_names = await db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"])
        assert "test_table" in list(table_names)

    async def test_open_table_async(self):
@@ -506,10 +489,10 @@ class TestAsyncNamespaceConnection:
                pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2)),
            ]
        )
-        await db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        await db.create_table("test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])

        # Open the table
-        table = await db.open_table("test_table", namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        table = await db.open_table("test_table", namespace=["test_ns"])
        assert table is not None
        assert isinstance(table, lancedb.AsyncTable)

@@ -563,20 +546,20 @@ class TestAsyncNamespaceConnection:
                pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2)),
            ]
        )
-        await db.create_table("table1", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
-        await db.create_table("table2", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        await db.create_table("table1", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])
+        await db.create_table("table2", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])

        # Verify both tables exist in child namespace
-        table_names = list(await db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))
+        table_names = list(await db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))
        assert "table1" in table_names
        assert "table2" in table_names
        assert len(table_names) == 2

        # Drop one table
-        await db.drop_table("table1", namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        await db.drop_table("table1", namespace=["test_ns"])

        # Verify only table2 remains
-        table_names = list(await db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"]))
+        table_names = list(await db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"]))
        assert "table1" not in table_names
        assert "table2" in table_names
        assert len(table_names) == 1
@@ -605,24 +588,20 @@ class TestAsyncNamespaceConnection:
            ]
        )
        table = await db.create_table(
-            "test_table", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_namespace"]
+            "test_table", schema=schema, namespace=["test_namespace"]
        )
        assert table is not None

        # Verify table exists in namespace
-        tables_in_namespace = list(
-            await db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_namespace"])
-        )
+        tables_in_namespace = list(await db.table_names(namespace=["test_namespace"]))
        assert "test_table" in tables_in_namespace
        assert len(tables_in_namespace) == 1

        # Drop table from namespace
-        await db.drop_table("test_table", namespace_path=["test_namespace"])
+        await db.drop_table("test_table", namespace=["test_namespace"])

        # Verify table no longer exists in namespace
-        tables_in_namespace = list(
-            await db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_namespace"])
-        )
+        tables_in_namespace = list(await db.table_names(namespace=["test_namespace"]))
        assert len(tables_in_namespace) == 0

        # Drop namespace
@@ -647,98 +626,15 @@ class TestAsyncNamespaceConnection:
            ]
        )
        for i in range(3):
-            await db.create_table(
-                f"table{i}", schema=schema, namespace_path=["test_ns"]
-            )
+            await db.create_table(f"table{i}", schema=schema, namespace=["test_ns"])

        # Verify tables exist in child namespace
-        table_names = await db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        table_names = await db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"])
        assert len(list(table_names)) == 3

        # Drop all tables in child namespace
-        await db.drop_all_tables(namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        await db.drop_all_tables(namespace=["test_ns"])

        # Verify all tables are gone from child namespace
-        table_names = await db.table_names(namespace_path=["test_ns"])
+        table_names = await db.table_names(namespace=["test_ns"])
        assert len(list(table_names)) == 0
-
-
-class TestPushdownOperations:
-    """Test pushdown operations on namespace connections."""
-
-    def setup_method(self):
-        """Set up test fixtures."""
-        self.temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
-
-    def teardown_method(self):
-        """Clean up test fixtures."""
-        shutil.rmtree(self.temp_dir, ignore_errors=True)
-
-    def test_query_table_pushdown_stored(self):
-        """Test that QueryTable pushdown is stored on sync connection."""
-        db = lancedb.connect_namespace(
-            "dir",
-            {"root": self.temp_dir},
-            namespace_client_pushdown_operations=["QueryTable"],
-        )
-        assert "QueryTable" in db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations
-
-    def test_create_table_pushdown_stored(self):
-        """Test that CreateTable pushdown is stored on sync connection."""
-        db = lancedb.connect_namespace(
-            "dir",
-            {"root": self.temp_dir},
-            namespace_client_pushdown_operations=["CreateTable"],
-        )
-        assert "CreateTable" in db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations
-
-    def test_both_pushdowns_stored(self):
-        """Test that both pushdown operations can be set together."""
-        db = lancedb.connect_namespace(
-            "dir",
-            {"root": self.temp_dir},
-            namespace_client_pushdown_operations=["QueryTable", "CreateTable"],
-        )
-        assert "QueryTable" in db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations
-        assert "CreateTable" in db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations
-
-    def test_pushdown_defaults_to_empty(self):
-        """Test that pushdown operations default to empty."""
-        db = lancedb.connect_namespace("dir", {"root": self.temp_dir})
-        assert len(db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations) == 0
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-class TestAsyncPushdownOperations:
-    """Test pushdown operations on async namespace connections."""
-
-    def setup_method(self):
-        """Set up test fixtures."""
-        self.temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
-
-    def teardown_method(self):
-        """Clean up test fixtures."""
-        shutil.rmtree(self.temp_dir, ignore_errors=True)
-
-    async def test_async_query_table_pushdown_stored(self):
-        """Test that QueryTable pushdown is stored on async connection."""
-        db = lancedb.connect_namespace_async(
-            "dir",
-            {"root": self.temp_dir},
-            namespace_client_pushdown_operations=["QueryTable"],
-        )
-        assert "QueryTable" in db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations
-
-    async def test_async_create_table_pushdown_stored(self):
-        """Test that CreateTable pushdown is stored on async connection."""
-        db = lancedb.connect_namespace_async(
-            "dir",
-            {"root": self.temp_dir},
-            namespace_client_pushdown_operations=["CreateTable"],
-        )
-        assert "CreateTable" in db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations
-
-    async def test_async_pushdown_defaults_to_empty(self):
-        """Test that pushdown operations default to empty on async connection."""
-        db = lancedb.connect_namespace_async("dir", {"root": self.temp_dir})
-        assert len(db._namespace_client_pushdown_operations) == 0
--- a/python/python/tests/test_namespace_integration.py
+++ b/python/python/tests/test_namespace_integration.py
@@ -4,11 +4,9 @@
 """
 Integration tests for LanceDB Namespace with S3 and credential refresh.

-This test uses DirectoryNamespace with native ops_metrics and vend_input_storage_options
-features to track API calls and test credential refresh mechanisms.
-
-Tests are parameterized to run with both DirectoryNamespace and a CustomNamespace
-wrapper to verify Python-Rust binding works correctly for custom implementations.
+This test simulates a namespace server that returns incrementing credentials
+and verifies that the credential refresh mechanism works correctly for both
+create_table and open_table operations.

 Tests verify:
 - Storage options provider is auto-created and used
@@ -18,141 +16,24 @@ Tests verify:
 """

 import copy
-import shutil
-import sys
-import tempfile
 import time
 import uuid
-from typing import Dict, Optional
+from threading import Lock
+from typing import Dict

 import pyarrow as pa
 import pytest
-from lance.namespace import (
+from lance_namespace import (
+    CreateEmptyTableRequest,
+    CreateEmptyTableResponse,
    DeclareTableRequest,
    DeclareTableResponse,
    DescribeTableRequest,
    DescribeTableResponse,
-    DirectoryNamespace,
    LanceNamespace,
 )
-from lance_namespace import (
-    CreateNamespaceRequest,
-    CreateNamespaceResponse,
-    CreateTableRequest,
-    CreateTableResponse,
-    CreateTableVersionRequest,
-    CreateTableVersionResponse,
-    DeregisterTableRequest,
-    DeregisterTableResponse,
-    DescribeNamespaceRequest,
-    DescribeNamespaceResponse,
-    DescribeTableVersionRequest,
-    DescribeTableVersionResponse,
-    DropNamespaceRequest,
-    DropNamespaceResponse,
-    DropTableRequest,
-    DropTableResponse,
-    ListNamespacesRequest,
-    ListNamespacesResponse,
-    ListTablesRequest,
-    ListTablesResponse,
-    ListTableVersionsRequest,
-    ListTableVersionsResponse,
-    NamespaceExistsRequest,
-    RegisterTableRequest,
-    RegisterTableResponse,
-    TableExistsRequest,
-)
 from lancedb.namespace import LanceNamespaceDBConnection

-
-class CustomNamespace(LanceNamespace):
-    """A custom namespace wrapper that delegates to DirectoryNamespace.
-
-    This class verifies that the Python-Rust binding works correctly for
-    custom namespace implementations that wrap the native DirectoryNamespace.
-    All methods simply delegate to the underlying DirectoryNamespace instance.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, inner: DirectoryNamespace):
-        self._inner = inner
-
-    def namespace_id(self) -> str:
-        return f"CustomNamespace[{self._inner.namespace_id()}]"
-
-    def create_namespace(
-        self, request: CreateNamespaceRequest
-    ) -> CreateNamespaceResponse:
-        return self._inner.create_namespace(request)
-
-    def describe_namespace(
-        self, request: DescribeNamespaceRequest
-    ) -> DescribeNamespaceResponse:
-        return self._inner.describe_namespace(request)
-
-    def namespace_exists(self, request: NamespaceExistsRequest) -> None:
-        return self._inner.namespace_exists(request)
-
-    def drop_namespace(self, request: DropNamespaceRequest) -> DropNamespaceResponse:
-        return self._inner.drop_namespace(request)
-
-    def list_namespaces(self, request: ListNamespacesRequest) -> ListNamespacesResponse:
-        return self._inner.list_namespaces(request)
-
-    def create_table(
-        self, request: CreateTableRequest, data: bytes
-    ) -> CreateTableResponse:
-        return self._inner.create_table(request, data)
-
-    def declare_table(self, request: DeclareTableRequest) -> DeclareTableResponse:
-        return self._inner.declare_table(request)
-
-    def describe_table(self, request: DescribeTableRequest) -> DescribeTableResponse:
-        return self._inner.describe_table(request)
-
-    def table_exists(self, request: TableExistsRequest) -> None:
-        return self._inner.table_exists(request)
-
-    def drop_table(self, request: DropTableRequest) -> DropTableResponse:
-        return self._inner.drop_table(request)
-
-    def list_tables(self, request: ListTablesRequest) -> ListTablesResponse:
-        return self._inner.list_tables(request)
-
-    def register_table(self, request: RegisterTableRequest) -> RegisterTableResponse:
-        return self._inner.register_table(request)
-
-    def deregister_table(
-        self, request: DeregisterTableRequest
-    ) -> DeregisterTableResponse:
-        return self._inner.deregister_table(request)
-
-    def list_table_versions(
-        self, request: ListTableVersionsRequest
-    ) -> ListTableVersionsResponse:
-        return self._inner.list_table_versions(request)
-
-    def describe_table_version(
-        self, request: DescribeTableVersionRequest
-    ) -> DescribeTableVersionResponse:
-        return self._inner.describe_table_version(request)
-
-    def create_table_version(
-        self, request: CreateTableVersionRequest
-    ) -> CreateTableVersionResponse:
-        return self._inner.create_table_version(request)
-
-    def retrieve_ops_metrics(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, int]]:
-        return self._inner.retrieve_ops_metrics()
-
-
-def _wrap_if_custom(ns_client: DirectoryNamespace, use_custom: bool):
-    """Wrap namespace client in CustomNamespace if use_custom is True."""
-    if use_custom:
-        return CustomNamespace(ns_client)
-    return ns_client
-
-
 # LocalStack S3 configuration
 CONFIG = {
    "allow_http": "true",
@@ -208,88 +89,157 @@ def delete_bucket(s3, bucket_name):
        pass


-def create_tracking_namespace(
-    bucket_name: str,
-    storage_options: dict,
-    credential_expires_in_seconds: int = 60,
-    use_custom: bool = False,
-):
-    """Create a DirectoryNamespace with ops metrics and credential vending enabled.
-
-    Uses native DirectoryNamespace features:
-    - ops_metrics_enabled=true: Tracks API call counts via retrieve_ops_metrics()
-    - vend_input_storage_options=true: Returns input storage options in responses
-    - vend_input_storage_options_refresh_interval_millis: Adds expires_at_millis
-
-    Args:
-        bucket_name: S3 bucket name or local path
-        storage_options: Storage options to pass through (credentials, endpoint, etc.)
-        credential_expires_in_seconds: Interval in seconds for credential expiration
-        use_custom: If True, wrap in CustomNamespace for testing custom implementations
-
-    Returns:
-        Tuple of (namespace_client, inner_namespace_client) where inner is always
-        the DirectoryNamespace (used for metrics retrieval)
+class TrackingNamespace(LanceNamespace):
    """
-    # Add refresh_offset_millis to storage options so that credentials are not
-    # considered expired immediately. Set to 1 second (1000ms) so that refresh
-    # checks work correctly with short-lived credentials in tests.
-    storage_options_with_refresh = dict(storage_options)
-    storage_options_with_refresh["refresh_offset_millis"] = "1000"
+    Mock namespace that wraps DirectoryNamespace and tracks API calls.

-    dir_props = {f"storage.{k}": v for k, v in storage_options_with_refresh.items()}
+    This namespace returns incrementing credentials with each API call to simulate
+    credential rotation. It also tracks the number of times each API is called
+    to verify caching behavior.
+    """

-    if bucket_name.startswith("/") or bucket_name.startswith("file://"):
-        dir_props["root"] = f"{bucket_name}/namespace_root"
-    else:
-        dir_props["root"] = f"s3://{bucket_name}/namespace_root"
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        bucket_name: str,
+        storage_options: Dict[str, str],
+        credential_expires_in_seconds: int = 60,
+    ):
+        from lance.namespace import DirectoryNamespace

-    # Enable ops metrics tracking
-    dir_props["ops_metrics_enabled"] = "true"
-    # Enable storage options vending
-    dir_props["vend_input_storage_options"] = "true"
-    # Set refresh interval in milliseconds
-    dir_props["vend_input_storage_options_refresh_interval_millis"] = str(
-        credential_expires_in_seconds * 1000
-    )
+        self.bucket_name = bucket_name
+        self.base_storage_options = storage_options
+        self.credential_expires_in_seconds = credential_expires_in_seconds
+        self.describe_call_count = 0
+        self.create_call_count = 0
+        self.lock = Lock()

-    inner_ns_client = DirectoryNamespace(**dir_props)
-    ns_client = _wrap_if_custom(inner_ns_client, use_custom)
-    return ns_client, inner_ns_client
+        # Create underlying DirectoryNamespace with storage options
+        dir_props = {f"storage.{k}": v for k, v in storage_options.items()}

+        # Use S3 path for bucket name, local path for file paths
+        if bucket_name.startswith("/") or bucket_name.startswith("file://"):
+            dir_props["root"] = f"{bucket_name}/namespace_root"
+        else:
+            dir_props["root"] = f"s3://{bucket_name}/namespace_root"

-def get_describe_call_count(namespace_client) -> int:
-    """Get the number of describe_table calls made to the namespace client."""
-    return namespace_client.retrieve_ops_metrics().get("describe_table", 0)
+        self.inner = DirectoryNamespace(**dir_props)

+    def get_describe_call_count(self) -> int:
+        """Thread-safe getter for describe call count."""
+        with self.lock:
+            return self.describe_call_count

-def get_declare_call_count(namespace_client) -> int:
-    """Get the number of declare_table calls made to the namespace client."""
-    return namespace_client.retrieve_ops_metrics().get("declare_table", 0)
+    def get_create_call_count(self) -> int:
+        """Thread-safe getter for create call count."""
+        with self.lock:
+            return self.create_call_count
+
+    def namespace_id(self) -> str:
+        """Return namespace identifier."""
+        return f"TrackingNamespace {{ inner: {self.inner.namespace_id()} }}"
+
+    def _modify_storage_options(
+        self, storage_options: Dict[str, str], count: int
+    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Add incrementing credentials with expiration timestamp.
+
+        This simulates a credential rotation system where each call returns
+        new credentials that expire after credential_expires_in_seconds.
+        """
+        modified = copy.deepcopy(storage_options) if storage_options else {}
+
+        # Increment credentials to simulate rotation
+        modified["aws_access_key_id"] = f"AKID_{count}"
+        modified["aws_secret_access_key"] = f"SECRET_{count}"
+        modified["aws_session_token"] = f"TOKEN_{count}"
+
+        # Set expiration time
+        expires_at_millis = int(
+            (time.time() + self.credential_expires_in_seconds) * 1000
+        )
+        modified["expires_at_millis"] = str(expires_at_millis)
+
+        return modified
+
+    def declare_table(self, request: DeclareTableRequest) -> DeclareTableResponse:
+        """Track declare_table calls and inject rotating credentials."""
+        with self.lock:
+            self.create_call_count += 1
+            count = self.create_call_count
+
+        response = self.inner.declare_table(request)
+        response.storage_options = self._modify_storage_options(
+            response.storage_options, count
+        )
+
+        return response
+
+    def create_empty_table(
+        self, request: CreateEmptyTableRequest
+    ) -> CreateEmptyTableResponse:
+        """Track create_empty_table calls and inject rotating credentials."""
+        with self.lock:
+            self.create_call_count += 1
+            count = self.create_call_count
+
+        response = self.inner.create_empty_table(request)
+        response.storage_options = self._modify_storage_options(
+            response.storage_options, count
+        )
+
+        return response
+
+    def describe_table(self, request: DescribeTableRequest) -> DescribeTableResponse:
+        """Track describe_table calls and inject rotating credentials."""
+        with self.lock:
+            self.describe_call_count += 1
+            count = self.describe_call_count
+
+        response = self.inner.describe_table(request)
+        response.storage_options = self._modify_storage_options(
+            response.storage_options, count
+        )
+
+        return response
+
+    # Pass through other methods to inner namespace
+    def list_tables(self, request):
+        return self.inner.list_tables(request)
+
+    def drop_table(self, request):
+        return self.inner.drop_table(request)
+
+    def list_namespaces(self, request):
+        return self.inner.list_namespaces(request)
+
+    def create_namespace(self, request):
+        return self.inner.create_namespace(request)
+
+    def drop_namespace(self, request):
+        return self.inner.drop_namespace(request)


@pytest.mark.s3_test
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
-def test_namespace_create_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
+def test_namespace_create_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str):
    """
    Test creating a table through namespace with storage options provider.

    Verifies:
-    - declare_table is called once to reserve location
+    - create_empty_table is called once to reserve location
    - Storage options provider is auto-created
    - Table can be written successfully
    - Credentials are cached during write operations
    """
    storage_options = copy.deepcopy(CONFIG)

-    ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
+    namespace = TrackingNamespace(
        bucket_name=s3_bucket,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        credential_expires_in_seconds=3600,  # 1 hour
-        use_custom=use_custom,
    )

-    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)
+    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(namespace)

    # Create unique namespace for this test
    namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
@@ -299,8 +249,8 @@ def test_namespace_create_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    namespace_path = [namespace_name]

    # Verify initial state
-    assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0
-    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0
+    assert namespace.get_create_call_count() == 0
+    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == 0

    # Create table with data
    data = pa.table(
@@ -311,12 +261,12 @@ def test_namespace_create_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
        }
    )

-    table = db.create_table(table_name, data, namespace_path=namespace_path)
+    table = db.create_table(table_name, data, namespace=namespace_path)

-    # Verify declare_table was called exactly once
-    assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
+    # Verify create_empty_table was called exactly once
+    assert namespace.get_create_call_count() == 1
    # describe_table should NOT be called during create in create mode
-    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0
+    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == 0

    # Verify table was created successfully
    assert table.name == table_name
@@ -326,8 +276,7 @@ def test_namespace_create_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):


@pytest.mark.s3_test
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
-def test_namespace_open_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
+def test_namespace_open_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str):
    """
    Test opening a table through namespace with storage options provider.

@@ -339,14 +288,13 @@ def test_namespace_open_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    """
    storage_options = copy.deepcopy(CONFIG)

-    ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
+    namespace = TrackingNamespace(
        bucket_name=s3_bucket,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        credential_expires_in_seconds=3600,
-        use_custom=use_custom,
    )

-    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)
+    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(namespace)

    # Create unique namespace for this test
    namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
@@ -364,21 +312,21 @@ def test_namespace_open_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
        }
    )

-    db.create_table(table_name, data, namespace_path=namespace_path)
+    db.create_table(table_name, data, namespace=namespace_path)

-    initial_declare_count = get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client)
-    assert initial_declare_count == 1
+    initial_create_count = namespace.get_create_call_count()
+    assert initial_create_count == 1

    # Open the table
-    opened_table = db.open_table(table_name, namespace_path=namespace_path)
+    opened_table = db.open_table(table_name, namespace=namespace_path)

    # Verify describe_table was called exactly once
-    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
-    # declare_table should not be called again
-    assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == initial_declare_count
+    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == 1
+    # create_empty_table should not be called again
+    assert namespace.get_create_call_count() == initial_create_count

    # Perform multiple read operations
-    describe_count_after_open = get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client)
+    describe_count_after_open = namespace.get_describe_call_count()

    for _ in range(3):
        result = opened_table.to_pandas()
@@ -387,72 +335,11 @@ def test_namespace_open_table_with_provider(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
        assert count == 5

    # Verify credentials were cached (no additional describe_table calls)
-    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == describe_count_after_open
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(
-    sys.platform == "win32",
-    reason="TODO: fix schema-only namespace metrics test on Windows",
-)
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
-def test_namespace_create_schema_only_with_provider(use_custom: bool):
-    """
-    Test creating a schema-only table through namespace with storage options provider.
-
-    Verifies:
-    - declare_table is called once to reserve the location
-    - describe_table is not needed during create in create mode
-    - the table can be reopened successfully afterward
-    - opening the table triggers exactly one describe_table call
-    """
-    temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
-    try:
-        ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
-            bucket_name=temp_dir,
-            storage_options={},
-            credential_expires_in_seconds=3600,
-            use_custom=use_custom,
-        )
-
-        db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)
-
-        namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
-        db.create_namespace([namespace_name])
-
-        table_name = f"test_table_{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
-        namespace_path = [namespace_name]
-        schema = pa.schema(
-            [
-                pa.field("id", pa.int64()),
-                pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2)),
-                pa.field("text", pa.string()),
-            ]
-        )
-
-        assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0
-        assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0
-
-        table = db.create_table(
-            table_name, schema=schema, namespace_path=namespace_path
-        )
-
-        assert table.name == table_name
-        assert table.namespace == namespace_path
-        assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
-        assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0
-
-        reopened_table = db.open_table(table_name, namespace_path=namespace_path)
-
-        assert reopened_table.schema == schema
-        assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
-        assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
-    finally:
-        shutil.rmtree(temp_dir, ignore_errors=True)
+    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == describe_count_after_open


@pytest.mark.s3_test
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
-def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_read(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
+def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_read(s3_bucket: str):
    """
    Test credential refresh when credentials expire during read operations.

@@ -463,14 +350,13 @@ def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_read(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    """
    storage_options = copy.deepcopy(CONFIG)

-    ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
+    namespace = TrackingNamespace(
        bucket_name=s3_bucket,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        credential_expires_in_seconds=3,  # Short expiration for testing
-        use_custom=use_custom,
    )

-    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)
+    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(namespace)

    # Create unique namespace for this test
    namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
@@ -487,16 +373,16 @@ def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_read(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
        }
    )

-    db.create_table(table_name, data, namespace_path=namespace_path)
+    db.create_table(table_name, data, namespace=namespace_path)

    # Open table (triggers describe_table)
-    opened_table = db.open_table(table_name, namespace_path=namespace_path)
+    opened_table = db.open_table(table_name, namespace=namespace_path)

    # Perform an immediate read (should use credentials from open)
    result = opened_table.to_pandas()
    assert len(result) == 3

-    describe_count_after_first_read = get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client)
+    describe_count_after_first_read = namespace.get_describe_call_count()

    # Wait for credentials to expire (3 seconds + buffer)
    time.sleep(5)
@@ -505,7 +391,7 @@ def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_read(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    result = opened_table.to_pandas()
    assert len(result) == 3

-    describe_count_after_refresh = get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client)
+    describe_count_after_refresh = namespace.get_describe_call_count()
    # Verify describe_table was called again (credential refresh)
    refresh_delta = describe_count_after_refresh - describe_count_after_first_read

@@ -518,8 +404,7 @@ def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_read(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):


@pytest.mark.s3_test
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
-def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_write(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
+def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_write(s3_bucket: str):
    """
    Test credential refresh when credentials expire during write operations.

@@ -530,14 +415,13 @@ def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_write(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool)
    """
    storage_options = copy.deepcopy(CONFIG)

-    ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
+    namespace = TrackingNamespace(
        bucket_name=s3_bucket,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        credential_expires_in_seconds=3,  # Short expiration
-        use_custom=use_custom,
    )

-    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)
+    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(namespace)

    # Create unique namespace for this test
    namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
@@ -554,7 +438,7 @@ def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_write(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool)
        }
    )

-    table = db.create_table(table_name, initial_data, namespace_path=namespace_path)
+    table = db.create_table(table_name, initial_data, namespace=namespace_path)

    # Add more data (should use cached credentials)
    new_data = pa.table(
@@ -582,26 +466,24 @@ def test_namespace_credential_refresh_on_write(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool)


@pytest.mark.s3_test
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
-def test_namespace_overwrite_mode(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
+def test_namespace_overwrite_mode(s3_bucket: str):
    """
    Test creating table in overwrite mode with credential tracking.

    Verifies:
-    - First create calls declare_table exactly once
+    - First create calls create_empty_table exactly once
    - Overwrite mode calls describe_table exactly once to check existence
    - Storage options provider works in overwrite mode
    """
    storage_options = copy.deepcopy(CONFIG)

-    ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
+    namespace = TrackingNamespace(
        bucket_name=s3_bucket,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        credential_expires_in_seconds=3600,
-        use_custom=use_custom,
    )

-    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)
+    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(namespace)

    # Create unique namespace for this test
    namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
@@ -618,11 +500,11 @@ def test_namespace_overwrite_mode(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
        }
    )

-    table = db.create_table(table_name, data1, namespace_path=namespace_path)
-    # Exactly one declare_table call for initial create
-    assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
+    table = db.create_table(table_name, data1, namespace=namespace_path)
+    # Exactly one create_empty_table call for initial create
+    assert namespace.get_create_call_count() == 1
    # No describe_table calls in create mode
-    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0
+    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == 0
    assert table.count_rows() == 2

    # Overwrite the table
@@ -634,14 +516,14 @@ def test_namespace_overwrite_mode(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    )

    table2 = db.create_table(
-        table_name, data2, namespace_path=namespace_path, mode="overwrite"
+        table_name, data2, namespace=namespace_path, mode="overwrite"
    )

-    # Should still have only 1 declare_table call
+    # Should still have only 1 create_empty_table call
    # (overwrite reuses location from describe_table)
-    assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
+    assert namespace.get_create_call_count() == 1
    # Should have called describe_table exactly once to get existing table location
-    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
+    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == 1

    # Verify new data
    assert table2.count_rows() == 3
@@ -650,8 +532,7 @@ def test_namespace_overwrite_mode(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):


@pytest.mark.s3_test
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
-def test_namespace_multiple_tables(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
+def test_namespace_multiple_tables(s3_bucket: str):
    """
    Test creating and opening multiple tables in the same namespace.

@@ -662,14 +543,13 @@ def test_namespace_multiple_tables(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    """
    storage_options = copy.deepcopy(CONFIG)

-    ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
+    namespace = TrackingNamespace(
        bucket_name=s3_bucket,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        credential_expires_in_seconds=3600,
-        use_custom=use_custom,
    )

-    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)
+    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(namespace)

    # Create unique namespace for this test
    namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
@@ -679,22 +559,22 @@ def test_namespace_multiple_tables(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    # Create first table
    table1_name = f"table1_{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
    data1 = pa.table({"id": [1, 2], "value": [10, 20]})
-    db.create_table(table1_name, data1, namespace_path=namespace_path)
+    db.create_table(table1_name, data1, namespace=namespace_path)

    # Create second table
    table2_name = f"table2_{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
    data2 = pa.table({"id": [3, 4], "value": [30, 40]})
-    db.create_table(table2_name, data2, namespace_path=namespace_path)
+    db.create_table(table2_name, data2, namespace=namespace_path)

-    # Should have 2 declare calls (one per table)
-    assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 2
+    # Should have 2 create calls (one per table)
+    assert namespace.get_create_call_count() == 2

    # Open both tables
-    opened1 = db.open_table(table1_name, namespace_path=namespace_path)
-    opened2 = db.open_table(table2_name, namespace_path=namespace_path)
+    opened1 = db.open_table(table1_name, namespace=namespace_path)
+    opened2 = db.open_table(table2_name, namespace=namespace_path)

    # Should have 2 describe calls (one per open)
-    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 2
+    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == 2

    # Verify both tables work independently
    assert opened1.count_rows() == 2
@@ -708,8 +588,7 @@ def test_namespace_multiple_tables(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):


@pytest.mark.s3_test
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_custom", [False, True], ids=["DirectoryNS", "CustomNS"])
-def test_namespace_with_schema_only(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
+def test_namespace_with_schema_only(s3_bucket: str):
    """
    Test creating empty table with schema only (no data).

@@ -720,14 +599,13 @@ def test_namespace_with_schema_only(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
    """
    storage_options = copy.deepcopy(CONFIG)

-    ns_client, inner_ns_client = create_tracking_namespace(
+    namespace = TrackingNamespace(
        bucket_name=s3_bucket,
        storage_options=storage_options,
        credential_expires_in_seconds=3600,
-        use_custom=use_custom,
    )

-    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(ns_client)
+    db = LanceNamespaceDBConnection(namespace)

    # Create unique namespace for this test
    namespace_name = f"test_ns_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
@@ -745,12 +623,12 @@ def test_namespace_with_schema_only(s3_bucket: str, use_custom: bool):
        ]
    )

-    table = db.create_table(table_name, schema=schema, namespace_path=namespace_path)
+    table = db.create_table(table_name, schema=schema, namespace=namespace_path)

-    # Should have called declare_table once
-    assert get_declare_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 1
+    # Should have called create_empty_table once
+    assert namespace.get_create_call_count() == 1
    # Should NOT have called describe_table in create mode
-    assert get_describe_call_count(inner_ns_client) == 0
+    assert namespace.get_describe_call_count() == 0

    # Verify empty table
    assert table.count_rows() == 0
--- a/python/python/tests/test_permutation.py
+++ b/python/python/tests/test_permutation.py
@@ -522,50 +522,6 @@ def test_no_split_names(some_table: Table):
    assert permutations[1].num_rows == 500


-def test_permutations_metadata_without_split_names_key(mem_db: DBConnection):
-    """Regression: schema metadata present but missing split_names key must not crash.
-
-    Previously, `.get(b"split_names", None).decode()` was called unconditionally,
-    so any permutation table whose metadata dict had other keys but no split_names
-    raised AttributeError: 'NoneType' has no attribute 'decode'.
-    """
-    base = mem_db.create_table("base_nosplit", pa.table({"x": range(10)}))
-
-    # Build a permutation-like table that carries some metadata but NOT split_names.
-    raw = pa.table(
-        {
-            "row_id": pa.array(range(10), type=pa.uint64()),
-            "split_id": pa.array([0] * 10, type=pa.uint32()),
-        }
-    ).replace_schema_metadata({b"other_key": b"other_value"})
-    perm_tbl = mem_db.create_table("perm_nosplit", raw)
-
-    permutations = Permutations(base, perm_tbl)
-    assert permutations.split_names == []
-    assert permutations.split_dict == {}
-
-
-def test_from_tables_string_split_missing_names_key(mem_db: DBConnection):
-    """Regression: from_tables() with a string split must raise ValueError, not
-    AttributeError.
-
-    Previously, `.get(b"split_names", None).decode()` crashed with AttributeError
-    when the metadata dict existed but had no split_names key.
-    """
-    base = mem_db.create_table("base_strsplit", pa.table({"x": range(10)}))
-
-    raw = pa.table(
-        {
-            "row_id": pa.array(range(10), type=pa.uint64()),
-            "split_id": pa.array([0] * 10, type=pa.uint32()),
-        }
-    ).replace_schema_metadata({b"other_key": b"other_value"})
-    perm_tbl = mem_db.create_table("perm_strsplit", raw)
-
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="no split names are defined"):
-        Permutation.from_tables(base, perm_tbl, split="train")
-
-
@pytest.fixture
 def some_perm_table(some_table: Table) -> Table:
    return (
@@ -1095,60 +1051,3 @@ def test_getitems_invalid_offset(some_permutation: Permutation):
    """Test __getitems__ with an out-of-range offset raises an error."""
    with pytest.raises(Exception):
        some_permutation.__getitems__([999999])
-
-
-def test_from_table_identity(mem_db):
-    """Permutation.from_table without ops behaves like identity."""
-    tbl = mem_db.create_table("tbl", pa.table({"x": range(10)}))
-    perm = Permutation.from_table(tbl)
-    assert perm.num_rows == 10
-    assert perm.column_names == ["x"]
-
-
-def test_from_table_shuffle_seeded(mem_db):
-    """from_table().shuffle(seed=...) is reproducible and reorders rows."""
-    tbl = mem_db.create_table("tbl", pa.table({"x": range(100)}))
-    perm = Permutation.from_table(tbl).shuffle(seed=42)
-    rows = [r["x"] for r in perm.__getitems__(list(range(100)))]
-    assert sorted(rows) == list(range(100))
-    assert rows != list(range(100))
-
-    # Same seed → same order
-    rows2 = [
-        r["x"]
-        for r in Permutation.from_table(tbl)
-        .shuffle(seed=42)
-        .__getitems__(list(range(100)))
-    ]
-    assert rows == rows2
-
-
-def test_from_table_filter(mem_db):
-    """from_table().filter(...) limits the rows."""
-    tbl = mem_db.create_table("tbl", pa.table({"x": range(100)}))
-    perm = Permutation.from_table(tbl).filter("x < 25")
-    assert perm.num_rows == 25
-
-
-def test_from_table_chained_ops(mem_db):
-    """Chained shuffle + filter materializes once."""
-    tbl = mem_db.create_table("tbl", pa.table({"x": range(100)}))
-    perm = Permutation.from_table(tbl).filter("x >= 50").shuffle(seed=7)
-    assert perm.num_rows == 50
-    rows = [r["x"] for r in perm.__getitems__(list(range(50)))]
-    assert sorted(rows) == list(range(50, 100))
-
-
-def test_from_table_forwards_read_methods(mem_db):
-    """from_table() result transparently forwards Permutation read methods."""
-    tbl = mem_db.create_table("tbl", pa.table({"x": range(10), "y": range(10)}))
-    perm = Permutation.from_table(tbl).select_columns(["x"])
-    assert perm.column_names == ["x"]
-
-
-def test_from_table_split_random(mem_db):
-    """from_table().split_random(...) returns rows from the first split."""
-    tbl = mem_db.create_table("tbl", pa.table({"x": range(100)}))
-    perm = Permutation.from_table(tbl).split_random(ratios=[0.3, 0.7], seed=1)
-    # Default split is 0 — ratio 0.3 → ~30 rows
-    assert 25 <= perm.num_rows <= 35
--- a/python/python/tests/test_pydantic.py
+++ b/python/python/tests/test_pydantic.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@

 import json
 from datetime import date, datetime
-from enum import Enum
 from typing import List, Optional, Tuple

 import pyarrow as pa
@@ -674,29 +673,3 @@ async def test_aliases_in_lance_model_async(mem_db_async):
    assert hasattr(model, "name")
    assert hasattr(model, "distance")
    assert model.distance < 0.01
-
-
-def test_enum_types():
-    """Enum fields should map to the Arrow type of their value (issue #1846)."""
-
-    class StrStatus(str, Enum):
-        PENDING = "pending"
-        RUNNING = "running"
-        DONE = "done"
-
-    class IntPriority(int, Enum):
-        LOW = 1
-        MEDIUM = 2
-        HIGH = 3
-
-    class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
-        status: StrStatus
-        priority: IntPriority
-        opt_status: Optional[StrStatus] = None
-
-    schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
-
-    assert schema.field("status").type == pa.dictionary(pa.int32(), pa.utf8())
-    assert schema.field("priority").type == pa.int64()
-    assert schema.field("opt_status").type == pa.dictionary(pa.int32(), pa.utf8())
-    assert schema.field("opt_status").nullable
--- a/python/python/tests/test_query.py
+++ b/python/python/tests/test_query.py
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ from lancedb.query import (
    PhraseQuery,
    Query,
    FullTextSearchQuery,
-    ensure_vector_query,
 )
 from lancedb.rerankers.cross_encoder import CrossEncoderReranker
 from lancedb.table import AsyncTable, LanceTable
@@ -1385,7 +1384,7 @@ def test_query_timeout(tmp_path):
        }
    )
    table = db.create_table("test", data)
-    table.create_fts_index("text")
+    table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False)

    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="Query timeout"):
        table.search().where("text = 'a'").to_list(timeout=timedelta(0))
@@ -1502,18 +1501,6 @@ def test_search_empty_table(mem_db):
    assert results == []


-def test_ensure_vector_query_empty_list():
-    """Regression: ensure_vector_query used to return instead of raise ValueError."""
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-empty"):
-        ensure_vector_query([])
-
-
-def test_ensure_vector_query_nested_empty_list():
-    """Regression: ensure_vector_query used to return instead of raise ValueError."""
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-empty"):
-        ensure_vector_query([[]])
-
-
 def test_fast_search(tmp_path):
    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)

--- a/python/python/tests/test_remote_db.py
+++ b/python/python/tests/test_remote_db.py
@@ -1201,18 +1201,6 @@ async def test_header_provider_overrides_static_headers():
        await db.table_names()


-def test_close():
-    """Test that close() works without AttributeError."""
-    import asyncio
-
-    def handler(req):
-        req.send_response(200)
-        req.end_headers()
-
-    with mock_lancedb_connection(handler) as db:
-        asyncio.run(db.close())
-
-
@pytest.mark.parametrize("exception", [KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, GeneratorExit])
 def test_background_loop_cancellation(exception):
    """Test that BackgroundEventLoop.run() cancels the future on interrupt."""
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More