refactor(functions): use a GPU capability marker

.bumpversion.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tool.bumpversion]
-current_version = "0.38.0-beta.13"
+current_version = "0.38.0-beta.12"
 parse = """(?x)
     (?P<major>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
     (?P<minor>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.

Cargo.lock

@@ -3455,8 +3455,8 @@ checksum = "42703706b716c37f96a77aea830392ad231f44c9e9a67872fa5548707e11b11c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fsst"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "rand 0.9.5",
@@ -4815,8 +4815,8 @@ checksum = "e037a2e1d8d5fdbd49b16a4ea09d5d6401c1f29eca5ff29d03d3824dba16256a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arc-swap",
  "arrow",
@@ -4888,8 +4888,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-arrow"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -4911,7 +4911,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-arrow-scalar"
 version = "58.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -4925,7 +4925,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-arrow-stats"
 version = "58.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-schema",
@@ -4934,8 +4934,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-bitpacking"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrayref",
  "crunchy",
@@ -4945,8 +4945,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-core"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -4983,8 +4983,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-datafusion"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "arrow-array",
@@ -5013,8 +5013,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-datagen"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "arrow-array",
@@ -5031,8 +5031,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-derive"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -5041,8 +5041,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-encoding"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-arith",
  "arrow-array",
@@ -5075,8 +5075,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-file"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-arith",
  "arrow-array",
@@ -5107,8 +5107,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-index"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arc-swap",
  "arrow",
@@ -5172,8 +5172,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-index-core"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-schema",
@@ -5195,8 +5195,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-io"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "arrow-array",
@@ -5236,8 +5236,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-linalg"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-schema",
@@ -5251,8 +5251,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-namespace"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "async-trait",
@@ -5264,8 +5264,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-namespace-impls"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "arrow-ipc",
@@ -5318,8 +5318,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-select"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -5333,8 +5333,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-table"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "arrow-array",
@@ -5374,8 +5374,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-testing"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-schema",
@@ -5388,8 +5388,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-tokenizer"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.4"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.4#474ae88dd75c437d5d506859b627510978e502e9"
 dependencies = [
  "frostem",
  "icu_segmenter",

Cargo.toml

@@ -13,20 +13,20 @@ categories = ["database-implementations"]
 rust-version = "1.91.0"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-lance = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-core = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-datagen = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-file = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-io = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-index = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-linalg = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-namespace = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-namespace-impls = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-table = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-testing = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-encoding = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-arrow = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.4", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-core = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-datagen = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-file = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-io = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.4", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-index = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-linalg = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace-impls = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.4", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-table = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-testing = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-encoding = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-arrow = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.4", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.4", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
 lancedb = { path = "rust/lancedb", default-features = false }
 ahash = "0.8"
 # Note that this one does not include pyarrow

docs/src/java/java.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Add the following dependency to your `pom.xml`:
 <dependency>
     <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
     <artifactId>lancedb-core</artifactId>
-    <version>0.38.0-beta.13</version>
+    <version>0.38.0-beta.12</version>
 </dependency>
 ```
 

java/lancedb-core/pom.xml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     <parent>
       <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
       <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-      <version>0.38.0-beta.13</version>
+      <version>0.38.0-beta.12</version>
       <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
 

java/pom.xml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
     <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
     <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-    <version>0.38.0-beta.13</version>
+    <version>0.38.0-beta.12</version>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
     <name>${project.artifactId}</name>
     <description>LanceDB Java SDK Parent POM</description>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     <properties>
         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
         <arrow.version>15.0.0</arrow.version>
-        <lance-core.version>12.0.0-beta.5</lance-core.version>
+        <lance-core.version>12.0.0-beta.4</lance-core.version>
         <spotless.skip>false</spotless.skip>
         <spotless.version>2.30.0</spotless.version>
         <spotless.java.googlejavaformat.version>1.7</spotless.java.googlejavaformat.version>

nodejs/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-nodejs"
 edition.workspace = true
-version = "0.38.0-beta.13"
+version = "0.38.0-beta.12"
 publish = false
 license.workspace = true
 description.workspace = true

nodejs/npm/darwin-arm64/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-darwin-arm64",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.13",
+	"version": "0.38.0-beta.12",
 	"os": ["darwin"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.darwin-arm64.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-gnu/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.13",
+	"version": "0.38.0-beta.12",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-gnu.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-musl/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-musl",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.13",
+	"version": "0.38.0-beta.12",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-musl.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-x64-gnu/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.13",
+	"version": "0.38.0-beta.12",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-gnu.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-x64-musl/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-musl",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.13",
+	"version": "0.38.0-beta.12",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-musl.node",

nodejs/npm/win32-arm64-msvc/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-arm64-msvc",
-  "version": "0.38.0-beta.13",
+  "version": "0.38.0-beta.12",
   "os": [
     "win32"
   ],

nodejs/npm/win32-x64-msvc/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-x64-msvc",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.13",
+	"version": "0.38.0-beta.12",
 	"os": ["win32"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.win32-x64-msvc.node",

nodejs/package.json

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     "ann"
   ],
   "private": false,
-  "version": "0.38.0-beta.13",
+  "version": "0.38.0-beta.12",
   "main": "dist/index.js",
   "exports": {
     ".": "./dist/index.js",

python/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-python"
-version = "0.38.0-beta.13"
+version = "0.38.0-beta.12"
 publish = false
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "Python bindings for LanceDB"

python/python/lancedb/functions.py

@@ -54,6 +54,18 @@ _UInt32 = conint(strict=True, ge=0, le=2**32 - 1)
 _UInt64 = conint(strict=True, ge=0, le=2**64 - 1)
 
 
+def _validate_gpu_wire_marker(value: Any) -> bool:
+    if value is not True:
+        raise ValueError("runtime.gpu must be true")
+    return True
+
+
+def _normalize_gpu_marker(value: bool) -> Optional[bool]:
+    if not isinstance(value, bool):
+        raise ValueError("gpu must be a boolean")
+    return True if value else None
+
+
 class _FrozenDict(dict):
     def _immutable(self, *args, **kwargs):
         raise TypeError("remote canonical values are immutable")
@@ -239,6 +251,23 @@ class PythonRuntimeSpec(_RemoteValue):
     python_version: Optional[str] = None
     environment: Optional[PythonEnvironmentSpec] = None
     env: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None
+    gpu: Optional[bool] = None
+
+    @model_validator(mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _discard_unknown_runtime_payload(cls, value):
+        if isinstance(value, Mapping):
+            kind = value.get("kind")
+            if isinstance(kind, str) and kind not in {"python", "python_v2"}:
+                return {"kind": kind}
+        return value
+
+    @field_validator("gpu", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _validate_gpu_marker(cls, value):
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        return _validate_gpu_wire_marker(value)
 
     @model_validator(mode="after")
     def _validate_runtime_kind(self):
@@ -247,18 +276,28 @@ class PythonRuntimeSpec(_RemoteValue):
                 raise ValueError("python runtime requires python_version")
             if self.environment is None:
                 raise ValueError("python runtime requires environment")
+            if self.gpu is not None:
+                raise ValueError("python runtime with gpu requires kind='python_v2'")
+        elif self.kind == "python_v2":
+            if self.python_version is None:
+                raise ValueError("python_v2 runtime requires python_version")
+            if self.environment is None:
+                raise ValueError("python_v2 runtime requires environment")
+            if self.gpu is None:
+                raise ValueError("python_v2 runtime requires gpu")
         else:
             object.__setattr__(self, "python_version", None)
             object.__setattr__(self, "environment", None)
             object.__setattr__(self, "env", None)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "gpu", None)
         return self
 
 
 class FunctionVersion(_RemoteValue):
     """An exact immutable Function version returned by Enterprise.
 
-    Scheduling resources, priority, concurrency, and retry policy belong to
-    the submitting Job and are not part of this identity.
+    The GPU execution requirement is part of this identity. CPU and memory sizing,
+    priority, concurrency, and retry policy belong to the execution platform.
     """
 
     name: str
@@ -502,107 +541,31 @@ _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES = (
 
 
 def _canonical_arrow_type(data_type: pa.DataType) -> str:
-    """The compact Function grammar, or canonical exact JSON for nested types."""
-    grammar = _grammar_arrow_type(data_type)
-    if grammar is not None:
-        return grammar
-    exact = _exact_arrow_type(data_type)
-    return json.dumps(exact, ensure_ascii=False, sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"))
-
-
-def _grammar_arrow_type(data_type: pa.DataType) -> Optional[str]:
+    """The server's V1 Function type grammar. Anything outside it is rejected
+    here rather than at registration."""
     for candidate, name in _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES:
         if data_type == candidate:
             return name
     if pa.types.is_list(data_type) or pa.types.is_large_list(data_type):
-        item = _grammar_list_item(data_type)
-        if item is None:
-            return None
         prefix = "list" if pa.types.is_list(data_type) else "large_list"
-        return f"{prefix}<{item}>"
+        return f"{prefix}<{_canonical_list_item(data_type)}>"
     if pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(data_type) and data_type.list_size > 0:
-        item = _grammar_list_item(data_type)
-        if item is not None:
-            return f"fixed_size_list<{item}, {data_type.list_size}>"
-    return None
+        return (
+            f"fixed_size_list<{_canonical_list_item(data_type)}, {data_type.list_size}>"
+        )
+    raise TypeError(f"unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: {data_type}")
 
 
-def _grammar_list_item(data_type: pa.DataType) -> Optional[str]:
+def _canonical_list_item(data_type: pa.DataType) -> str:
     """The grammar names only the item type; it always means a non-nullable
-    child called `item`, so other child properties require exact JSON."""
+    child called `item`, so any other child metadata cannot be represented."""
     child = data_type.value_field
     if child.name != "item" or child.nullable or child.metadata:
-        return None
-    return _grammar_arrow_type(child.type)
-
-
-def _validate_exact_arrow_field(field: pa.Field) -> None:
-    if not field.name:
         raise TypeError(
-            "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: field names "
-            "must not be empty"
+            "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: list items must be a "
+            f"non-nullable field named 'item', got {child}"
         )
-    if field.metadata:
-        raise TypeError(
-            "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: field metadata "
-            f"is not supported, got {field}"
-        )
-
-
-def _exact_arrow_field(field: pa.Field) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    _validate_exact_arrow_field(field)
-    return {
-        "name": field.name,
-        "nullable": field.nullable,
-        "type": _exact_arrow_type(field.type),
-    }
-
-
-def _exact_arrow_type(data_type: pa.DataType) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    for candidate, name in _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES:
-        if data_type == candidate:
-            return {"type": name}
-    if pa.types.is_struct(data_type):
-        fields = list(data_type)
-        names = [field.name for field in fields]
-        if not fields or len(set(names)) != len(names):
-            raise TypeError(
-                "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: structs must have "
-                "non-empty, uniquely named fields"
-            )
-        return {
-            "type": "struct",
-            "fields": [_exact_arrow_field(field) for field in fields],
-        }
-    if (
-        pa.types.is_list(data_type)
-        or pa.types.is_large_list(data_type)
-        or pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(data_type)
-    ):
-        if pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(data_type):
-            if data_type.value_field.name != "item":
-                raise TypeError(
-                    "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: fixed-size list "
-                    "items must be named 'item'"
-                )
-            if data_type.list_size <= 0:
-                raise TypeError(
-                    f"unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: {data_type}"
-                )
-        value: dict[str, Any] = {
-            "type": (
-                "list"
-                if pa.types.is_list(data_type)
-                else "large_list"
-                if pa.types.is_large_list(data_type)
-                else "fixed_size_list"
-            ),
-            "fields": [_exact_arrow_field(data_type.value_field)],
-        }
-        if pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(data_type):
-            value["length"] = data_type.list_size
-        return value
-    raise TypeError(f"unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: {data_type}")
+    return _canonical_arrow_type(child.type)
 
 
 def _list_of(item: pa.DataType) -> pa.DataType:
@@ -676,11 +639,8 @@ def _callable_parameters(function: Callable[..., Any]) -> tuple[inspect.Paramete
 
 def _function_output(output: pa.DataType | pa.Field | pa.Schema) -> FunctionOutput:
     if isinstance(output, pa.Schema):
-        if output.metadata:
-            raise TypeError("Function output schema metadata is not supported")
         fields = tuple(output)
     elif isinstance(output, pa.Field) and pa.types.is_struct(output.type):
-        _validate_exact_arrow_field(output)
         if output.nullable:
             raise ValueError("Function output must be non-nullable")
         fields = tuple(output.type)
@@ -696,7 +656,6 @@ def _function_output(output: pa.DataType | pa.Field | pa.Schema) -> FunctionOutp
             raise TypeError(
                 "output_schema must be a PyArrow DataType, Field, or Schema"
             )
-        _validate_exact_arrow_field(field)
         if field.nullable:
             raise ValueError("Function output must be non-nullable")
         return FunctionOutput(
@@ -709,8 +668,6 @@ def _function_output(output: pa.DataType | pa.Field | pa.Schema) -> FunctionOutp
         raise ValueError("named-struct Function output must contain at least one field")
     if any(field.nullable for field in fields):
         raise ValueError("Function output fields must be non-nullable")
-    for field in fields:
-        _validate_exact_arrow_field(field)
     names = [field.name for field in fields]
     if len(set(names)) != len(names):
         raise ValueError("Function output field names must be unique")
@@ -739,10 +696,6 @@ def _infer_signature(
     if input_schema is not None:
         if not isinstance(input_schema, pa.Schema):
             raise TypeError("input_schema must be a PyArrow Schema")
-        if input_schema.metadata:
-            raise TypeError("Function input schema metadata is not supported")
-        for field in input_schema:
-            _validate_exact_arrow_field(field)
         expected = tuple(parameter.name for parameter in parameters)
         actual = tuple(input_schema.names)
         if actual != expected:
@@ -996,6 +949,7 @@ class UdfDefinition:
         pip: tuple[str, ...],
         env: Mapping[str, str],
         python_version: Optional[str],
+        gpu: bool = False,
         conda: tuple[str, ...] = (),
         conda_channels: tuple[str, ...] = (),
     ):
@@ -1024,12 +978,14 @@ class UdfDefinition:
         signature = _infer_signature(function, input_schema, output_schema)
         source = _package_source(function)
         digest = f"sha256:{hashlib.sha256(source).hexdigest()}"
+        gpu_marker = _normalize_gpu_marker(gpu)
         runtime = PythonRuntimeSpec(
-            kind="python",
+            kind="python_v2" if gpu_marker is not None else "python",
             python_version=python_version
             or f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}",
             environment=environment_spec,
             env=environment,
+            gpu=gpu_marker,
         )
         self._function = function
         self._request = FunctionRegistrationRequest(
@@ -1075,6 +1031,7 @@ def udf(
     pip: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
     env: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
     python_version: Optional[str] = None,
+    gpu: bool = False,
     conda: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
     conda_channels: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
 ) -> Callable[[Callable[..., Any]], UdfDefinition]: ...
@@ -1089,6 +1046,7 @@ def udf(
     pip: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
     env: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
     python_version: Optional[str] = None,
+    gpu: bool = False,
     conda: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
     conda_channels: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
 ):
@@ -1121,6 +1079,10 @@ def udf(
         Environment variables included in the Function definition.
     python_version : str, optional
         Remote Python major/minor version. Defaults to the client version.
+    gpu : bool, default False
+        Whether every remote execution requires a GPU. The execution platform
+        selects one compatible GPU for each worker. The requirement is part of
+        the immutable Function version.
 
     The packaged artifact is a snapshot: the function source plus exactly
     the module-level names it references (modules as imports, importable
@@ -1145,6 +1107,11 @@ def udf(
     ...     return value * 2
     >>> score(1.5)
     3.0
+    >>> @udf(pip=["cupy-cuda12x"], gpu=True)
+    ... def gpu_score(value: int) -> int:
+    ...     return value * 2
+    >>> gpu_score.registration_request.runtime.gpu
+    True
     """
 
     def decorate(target: Callable[..., Any]) -> UdfDefinition:
@@ -1156,6 +1123,7 @@ def udf(
             pip=tuple(pip),
             env={} if env is None else env,
             python_version=python_version,
+            gpu=gpu,
             conda=tuple(conda),
             conda_channels=tuple(conda_channels),
         )

python/python/tests/test_first_class_function_slice2.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import pyarrow as pa
 import pytest
 
 import lancedb
-from lancedb.functions import UdfDefinition, udf
+from lancedb.functions import PythonRuntimeSpec, UdfDefinition, udf
 
 THRESHOLD = 20
 _CACHE = None
@@ -89,6 +89,58 @@ def test_udf_conda_environment():
         udf(name="channels", conda_channels=["conda-forge"])(lambda value: value)
 
 
+def test_udf_gpu_marker_uses_gpu_runtime():
+    @udf(pip=["cupy-cuda12x"], gpu=True)
+    def double_on_gpu(value: int) -> int:
+        return value * 2
+
+    request = json.loads(double_on_gpu.registration_request.to_canonical_json())
+    assert request["runtime"]["kind"] == "python_v2"
+    assert request["runtime"]["gpu"] is True
+
+    @udf(pip=["pyarrow"])
+    def cpu_function(value: int) -> int:
+        return value
+
+    cpu_runtime = json.loads(cpu_function.registration_request.to_canonical_json())[
+        "runtime"
+    ]
+    assert cpu_runtime["kind"] == "python"
+    assert "gpu" not in cpu_runtime
+
+    def identity(value: int) -> int:
+        return value
+
+    for invalid in [None, 0, 1, -1, 1.5, "", "true", "1", "H100"]:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="gpu must be a boolean"):
+            udf(name="invalid_gpu", gpu=invalid)(identity)
+
+    base_runtime = {
+        "kind": "python_v2",
+        "python_version": "3.12",
+        "environment": {"kind": "pip"},
+    }
+    runtime = PythonRuntimeSpec.model_validate({**base_runtime, "gpu": True})
+    assert runtime.gpu is True
+    for invalid in [False, 1, 0, "", "true", "1", "H100"]:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="runtime.gpu must be true"):
+            PythonRuntimeSpec.model_validate({**base_runtime, "gpu": invalid})
+
+
+def test_unknown_runtime_discards_payload_before_known_field_validation():
+    for payload in [
+        {"kind": "python_v3", "gpu": {"model": "H100"}},
+        {"kind": "python_v3", "resources": []},
+        {
+            "kind": "python_v3",
+            "environment": {"kind": []},
+            "python_version": 3.15,
+        },
+    ]:
+        runtime = PythonRuntimeSpec.model_validate(payload)
+        assert runtime.to_canonical_json() == '{"kind":"python_v3"}'
+
+
 def test_udf_packages_attribute_access_and_body_imports():
     @udf
     def word_norm(body: str) -> float:
@@ -168,7 +220,7 @@ def test_udf_resolves_module_globals_before_builtins(tmp_path):
         udf(module.uses_callable_shadow)
 
 
-def test_canonical_arrow_type_prefers_the_compact_grammar():
+def test_canonical_arrow_type_is_exactly_the_grammar():
     from lancedb.functions import _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES, _canonical_arrow_type
 
     golden = json.loads(
@@ -181,13 +233,6 @@ def test_canonical_arrow_type_prefers_the_compact_grammar():
         case["arrow_type"] for case in golden["valid"] if "<" not in case["arrow_type"]
     ]
     assert [name for _, name in _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES] == primitives
-    assert _canonical_arrow_type(pa.list_(pa.field("item", pa.float32(), False))) == (
-        "list<float32>"
-    )
-    assert (
-        _canonical_arrow_type(pa.large_list(pa.field("item", pa.float32(), False)))
-        == "large_list<float32>"
-    )
     for outside in [
         pa.timestamp("us"),
         pa.decimal128(10, 2),
@@ -195,6 +240,7 @@ def test_canonical_arrow_type_prefers_the_compact_grammar():
         pa.large_binary(),
         pa.binary(4),
         pa.duration("s"),
+        pa.struct([pa.field("a", pa.int32())]),
         pa.list_(pa.float32(), 0),
         pa.list_(pa.timestamp("us")),
     ]:
@@ -384,29 +430,14 @@ def test_udf_recursion_versus_a_rebound_module_name(tmp_path):
         udf(raw_fact)
 
 
-def test_canonical_arrow_type_uses_exact_json_for_list_child_properties():
+def test_canonical_arrow_type_rejects_unrepresentable_list_children():
     from lancedb.functions import _canonical_arrow_type
 
-    nullable = pa.list_(pa.float32())
-    assert json.loads(_canonical_arrow_type(nullable)) == {
-        "type": "list",
-        "fields": [
-            {
-                "name": "item",
-                "nullable": True,
-                "type": {"type": "float32"},
-            }
-        ],
-    }
-    named = pa.list_(pa.field("custom", pa.float32(), nullable=False))
-    assert json.loads(_canonical_arrow_type(named))["fields"][0]["name"] == "custom"
     for outside in [
+        pa.list_(pa.float32()),  # pyarrow default: nullable child
+        pa.list_(pa.field("custom", pa.float32(), nullable=False)),
         pa.list_(pa.field("item", pa.float32(), nullable=False, metadata={"k": "v"})),
         pa.list_(pa.field("item", pa.float32(), nullable=False), 0),
-        pa.list_(
-            pa.field("item", pa.float32(), nullable=False, metadata={"k": "v"}), 3
-        ),
-        pa.list_(pa.field("custom", pa.float32(), nullable=False), 3),
     ]:
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unsupported Arrow type"):
             _canonical_arrow_type(outside)
@@ -416,29 +447,6 @@ def test_canonical_arrow_type_uses_exact_json_for_list_child_properties():
         )
         == "fixed_size_list<float32, 3>"
     )
-    fixed = json.loads(_canonical_arrow_type(pa.list_(pa.float32(), 3)))
-    assert fixed == {
-        "type": "fixed_size_list",
-        "fields": [
-            {
-                "name": "item",
-                "nullable": True,
-                "type": {"type": "float32"},
-            }
-        ],
-        "length": 3,
-    }
-    large = json.loads(_canonical_arrow_type(pa.large_list(pa.float32())))
-    assert large["type"] == "large_list"
-    assert large["fields"][0]["nullable"] is True
-
-    for invalid_struct in [
-        pa.struct([]),
-        pa.struct([pa.field("a", pa.int32()), pa.field("a", pa.int64())]),
-        pa.struct([pa.field("", pa.int32())]),
-    ]:
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unsupported Arrow type"):
-            _canonical_arrow_type(invalid_struct)
 
 
 def _calls_missing(value: int) -> int:
@@ -526,105 +534,6 @@ def test_explicit_arrow_schema_is_deterministic():
     assert signature.output.nullable is False
 
 
-def test_nested_struct_output_uses_canonical_exact_json():
-    token = pa.struct(
-        [
-            pa.field("position", pa.int32(), nullable=False),
-            pa.field("value", pa.string(), nullable=False),
-            pa.field("length", pa.int32(), nullable=False),
-        ]
-    )
-    analysis = pa.struct(
-        [
-            pa.field("normalized_text", pa.string(), nullable=False),
-            pa.field("has_content", pa.bool_(), nullable=False),
-            pa.field(
-                "metrics",
-                pa.struct(
-                    [
-                        pa.field("character_count", pa.int64(), nullable=False),
-                        pa.field("word_count", pa.int32(), nullable=False),
-                        pa.field("average_word_length", pa.float64(), nullable=False),
-                    ]
-                ),
-                nullable=False,
-            ),
-            pa.field(
-                "diagnostics",
-                pa.struct(
-                    [
-                        pa.field("status", pa.string(), nullable=False),
-                        pa.field(
-                            "normalization",
-                            pa.struct(
-                                [
-                                    pa.field("changed", pa.bool_(), nullable=False),
-                                    pa.field(
-                                        "original_length", pa.int64(), nullable=False
-                                    ),
-                                ]
-                            ),
-                            nullable=False,
-                        ),
-                    ]
-                ),
-                nullable=False,
-            ),
-            pa.field(
-                "token_preview",
-                pa.list_(pa.field("item", token, nullable=False)),
-                nullable=False,
-            ),
-        ]
-    )
-
-    @udf(
-        input_schema=pa.schema([pa.field("text", pa.string(), nullable=False)]),
-        output_schema=pa.field("analysis", analysis, nullable=False),
-    )
-    def analyze(text):
-        return {"normalized_text": text}
-
-    output = analyze.registration_request.signature.output
-    assert output.kind == "named_struct"
-    assert [field.name for field in output.fields] == [
-        "normalized_text",
-        "has_content",
-        "metrics",
-        "diagnostics",
-        "token_preview",
-    ]
-    metrics = json.loads(output.fields[2].arrow_type)
-    assert metrics == {
-        "type": "struct",
-        "fields": [
-            {
-                "name": "character_count",
-                "nullable": False,
-                "type": {"type": "int64"},
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "word_count",
-                "nullable": False,
-                "type": {"type": "int32"},
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "average_word_length",
-                "nullable": False,
-                "type": {"type": "float64"},
-            },
-        ],
-    }
-    preview = json.loads(output.fields[4].arrow_type)
-    assert preview["type"] == "list"
-    assert preview["fields"][0]["type"]["type"] == "struct"
-    assert [field["name"] for field in preview["fields"][0]["type"]["fields"]] == [
-        "position",
-        "value",
-        "length",
-    ]
-
-
 def test_annotation_and_explicit_schema_validation_fail_closed():
     with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="missing Function annotations"):
 
@@ -668,72 +577,6 @@ def test_annotation_and_explicit_schema_validation_fail_closed():
         def nullable_explicit(value):
             return value
 
-    for invalid_field in [
-        pa.field("", pa.int32(), nullable=False),
-        pa.field("result", pa.int32(), nullable=False, metadata={"k": "v"}),
-    ]:
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unsupported Arrow type"):
-
-            @udf(
-                input_schema=pa.schema([pa.field("value", pa.int64())]),
-                output_schema=pa.schema([invalid_field]),
-            )
-            def invalid_explicit_field(value):
-                return value
-
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unsupported Arrow type"):
-
-        @udf(
-            input_schema=pa.schema(
-                [pa.field("value", pa.int64(), metadata={"k": "v"})]
-            ),
-            output_schema=pa.int64(),
-        )
-        def input_field_metadata(value):
-            return value
-
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unsupported Arrow type"):
-
-        @udf(
-            input_schema=pa.schema([pa.field("value", pa.int64())]),
-            output_schema=pa.field(
-                "result", pa.int64(), nullable=False, metadata={"k": "v"}
-            ),
-        )
-        def scalar_output_field_metadata(value):
-            return value
-
-    struct_type = pa.struct([pa.field("value", pa.int64(), nullable=False)])
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unsupported Arrow type"):
-
-        @udf(
-            input_schema=pa.schema([pa.field("value", pa.int64())]),
-            output_schema=pa.field(
-                "result", struct_type, nullable=False, metadata={"k": "v"}
-            ),
-        )
-        def struct_output_field_metadata(value):
-            return {"value": value}
-
-    for input_schema, output_schema in [
-        (
-            pa.schema([pa.field("value", pa.int64())], metadata={"k": "v"}),
-            pa.int64(),
-        ),
-        (
-            pa.schema([pa.field("value", pa.int64())]),
-            pa.schema(
-                [pa.field("result", pa.int64(), nullable=False)],
-                metadata={"k": "v"},
-            ),
-        ),
-    ]:
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="schema metadata"):
-
-            @udf(input_schema=input_schema, output_schema=output_schema)
-            def schema_metadata(value):
-                return value
-
 
 def test_local_function_catalog_operations_are_not_supported(tmp_path):
     db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)

rust/lancedb/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb"
-version = "0.38.0-beta.13"
+version = "0.38.0-beta.12"
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "LanceDB: A serverless, low-latency vector database for AI applications"
 license.workspace = true

rust/lancedb/src/function.rs

@@ -207,6 +207,33 @@ pub enum PythonRuntimeSpec {
         environment: PythonEnvironmentSpec,
         env: BTreeMap<String, String>,
     },
+    /// The GPU-enabled Sophon-managed Python runtime.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+    /// use lancedb::function::{PythonEnvironmentSpec, PythonRuntimeSpec};
+    ///
+    /// let runtime = PythonRuntimeSpec::PythonV2 {
+    ///     python_version: "3.12".to_string(),
+    ///     environment: PythonEnvironmentSpec {
+    ///         kind: "pip".to_string(),
+    ///         packages: vec!["cupy-cuda12x".to_string()],
+    ///         channels: Vec::new(),
+    ///         path: None,
+    ///         modules: Vec::new(),
+    ///         image: None,
+    ///     },
+    ///     env: BTreeMap::new(),
+    /// };
+    /// assert!(runtime.requires_gpu());
+    /// ```
+    PythonV2 {
+        python_version: String,
+        environment: PythonEnvironmentSpec,
+        env: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    },
     /// A runtime kind introduced by a newer server.
     ///
     /// Unknown payload fields are intentionally not retained because the
@@ -219,22 +246,27 @@ impl PythonRuntimeSpec {
     pub fn kind(&self) -> &str {
         match self {
             Self::Python { .. } => "python",
+            Self::PythonV2 { .. } => "python_v2",
             Self::Unrecognized { kind } => kind,
         }
     }
 
-    /// The Python version for the V1 runtime, or `None` for an unknown kind.
+    /// The Python version for a known Python runtime, or `None` for an unknown kind.
     pub fn python_version(&self) -> Option<&str> {
         match self {
-            Self::Python { python_version, .. } => Some(python_version),
+            Self::Python { python_version, .. } | Self::PythonV2 { python_version, .. } => {
+                Some(python_version)
+            }
             Self::Unrecognized { .. } => None,
         }
     }
 
-    /// The Python environment for the V1 runtime, or `None` for an unknown kind.
+    /// The Python environment for a known Python runtime, or `None` for an unknown kind.
     pub fn environment(&self) -> Option<&PythonEnvironmentSpec> {
         match self {
-            Self::Python { environment, .. } => Some(environment),
+            Self::Python { environment, .. } | Self::PythonV2 { environment, .. } => {
+                Some(environment)
+            }
             Self::Unrecognized { .. } => None,
         }
     }
@@ -242,38 +274,73 @@ impl PythonRuntimeSpec {
     /// Environment variables, or `None` for an unknown kind.
     pub fn env(&self) -> Option<&BTreeMap<String, String>> {
         match self {
-            Self::Python { env, .. } => Some(env),
+            Self::Python { env, .. } | Self::PythonV2 { env, .. } => Some(env),
             Self::Unrecognized { .. } => None,
         }
     }
+
+    /// Whether the runtime requires a GPU selected by the execution platform.
+    pub fn requires_gpu(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::PythonV2 { .. })
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Deserialize)]
-struct PythonRuntimeWire {
-    kind: String,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    python_version: Option<String>,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    environment: Option<PythonEnvironmentSpec>,
+struct PythonRuntimeV1Wire {
+    python_version: String,
+    environment: PythonEnvironmentSpec,
     #[serde(default)]
     env: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    gpu: Option<Value>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct PythonRuntimeV2Wire {
+    python_version: String,
+    environment: PythonEnvironmentSpec,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    env: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    gpu: bool,
 }
 
 impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for PythonRuntimeSpec {
     fn deserialize<D: Deserializer<'de>>(deserializer: D) -> std::result::Result<Self, D::Error> {
-        let wire = PythonRuntimeWire::deserialize(deserializer)?;
-        if wire.kind == "python" {
-            Ok(Self::Python {
-                python_version: wire
-                    .python_version
-                    .ok_or_else(|| de::Error::missing_field("python_version"))?,
-                environment: wire
-                    .environment
-                    .ok_or_else(|| de::Error::missing_field("environment"))?,
-                env: wire.env,
-            })
-        } else {
-            Ok(Self::Unrecognized { kind: wire.kind })
+        let value = Value::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+        let kind = value
+            .get("kind")
+            .ok_or_else(|| de::Error::missing_field("kind"))?
+            .as_str()
+            .ok_or_else(|| de::Error::custom("runtime.kind must be a string"))?
+            .to_string();
+        match kind.as_str() {
+            "python" => {
+                let wire: PythonRuntimeV1Wire =
+                    serde_json::from_value(value).map_err(de::Error::custom)?;
+                if wire.gpu.is_some() {
+                    return Err(de::Error::custom(
+                        "python runtime with gpu requires kind='python_v2'",
+                    ));
+                }
+                Ok(Self::Python {
+                    python_version: wire.python_version,
+                    environment: wire.environment,
+                    env: wire.env,
+                })
+            }
+            "python_v2" => {
+                let wire: PythonRuntimeV2Wire =
+                    serde_json::from_value(value).map_err(de::Error::custom)?;
+                if !wire.gpu {
+                    return Err(de::Error::custom("runtime.gpu must be true"));
+                }
+                Ok(Self::PythonV2 {
+                    python_version: wire.python_version,
+                    environment: wire.environment,
+                    env: wire.env,
+                })
+            }
+            _ => Ok(Self::Unrecognized { kind }),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -287,6 +354,8 @@ impl Serialize for PythonRuntimeSpec {
             environment: &'a PythonEnvironmentSpec,
             #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "BTreeMap::is_empty")]
             env: &'a BTreeMap<String, String>,
+            #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+            gpu: Option<bool>,
         }
 
         #[derive(Serialize)]
@@ -304,6 +373,19 @@ impl Serialize for PythonRuntimeSpec {
                 python_version,
                 environment,
                 env,
+                gpu: None,
+            }
+            .serialize(serializer),
+            Self::PythonV2 {
+                python_version,
+                environment,
+                env,
+            } => PythonRuntimeRef {
+                kind: "python_v2",
+                python_version,
+                environment,
+                env,
+                gpu: Some(true),
             }
             .serialize(serializer),
             Self::Unrecognized { kind } => UnrecognizedRuntimeRef { kind }.serialize(serializer),
@@ -313,8 +395,8 @@ impl Serialize for PythonRuntimeSpec {
 
 /// Immutable Function version returned by the Enterprise catalog.
 ///
-/// Scheduling resources, priority, concurrency, and retry policy belong to
-/// the submitting Job and are not part of this identity.
+/// The GPU execution requirement is part of this identity. CPU and memory sizing,
+/// priority, concurrency, and retry policy belong to the execution platform.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct FunctionVersion {
     name: String,
@@ -589,7 +671,7 @@ impl_json!(RefreshColumnResult);
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod conda_environment_tests {
-    use super::PythonEnvironmentSpec;
+    use super::{PythonEnvironmentSpec, PythonRuntimeSpec};
 
     #[test]
     fn conda_channels_round_trip_and_pip_stays_bare() {
@@ -608,4 +690,45 @@ mod conda_environment_tests {
             serde_json::from_str(r#"{"kind":"pip","packages":["numpy"]}"#).unwrap();
         assert!(!serde_json::to_string(&pip).unwrap().contains("channels"));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn gpu_python_runtime_marker_round_trips_and_validates() {
+        let runtime: PythonRuntimeSpec = serde_json::from_str(
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v2","python_version":"3.12","environment":{"kind":"pip"},"gpu":true}"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(runtime.kind(), "python_v2");
+        assert!(runtime.requires_gpu());
+        assert_eq!(
+            super::canonical_json(&runtime).unwrap(),
+            r#"{"environment":{"kind":"pip"},"gpu":true,"kind":"python_v2","python_version":"3.12"}"#
+        );
+
+        for invalid in [
+            r#"{"kind":"python","python_version":"3.12","environment":{"kind":"pip"},"gpu":true}"#,
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v2","python_version":"3.12","environment":{"kind":"pip"}}"#,
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v2","python_version":"3.12","environment":{"kind":"pip"},"gpu":1}"#,
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v2","python_version":"3.12","environment":{"kind":"pip"},"gpu":false}"#,
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v2","python_version":"3.12","environment":{"kind":"pip"},"gpu":"true"}"#,
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v2","python_version":"3.12","environment":{"kind":"pip"},"gpu":"H100"}"#,
+        ] {
+            assert!(serde_json::from_str::<PythonRuntimeSpec>(invalid).is_err());
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unknown_runtime_discards_payload_before_known_field_validation() {
+        for encoded in [
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v3","gpu":{"model":"H100"}}"#,
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v3","resources":[]}"#,
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v3","python_version":3.15,"environment":{"kind":[]}}"#,
+        ] {
+            let runtime: PythonRuntimeSpec = serde_json::from_str(encoded).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(runtime.kind(), "python_v3");
+            assert_eq!(
+                super::canonical_json(&runtime).unwrap(),
+                r#"{"kind":"python_v3"}"#
+            );
+        }
+    }
 }

rust/lancedb/src/table.rs

@@ -5763,13 +5763,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(index_bytes > 0);
         assert_eq!(with_index, data_only + index_bytes);
 
-        // Release builds reject unstable overlay datasets unless explicitly opted in.
-        if !lance_table::feature_flags::can_read_dataset(
-            lance_table::feature_flags::FLAG_UNSTABLE_DATA_OVERLAY_FILES,
-        ) {
-            return;
-        }
-
         // Commit an overlay file supplying new `foo` values for the first three
         // rows of fragment 0. There is no high-level API that writes overlays
         // yet, so write the overlay's data file and commit the `DataOverlay`

rust/lancedb/src/table/computed_columns.rs

@@ -1462,7 +1462,9 @@ fn plan_declarations(schema: SchemaRef, columns: &[(String, String)]) -> Result<
 
     for (name, expression) in columns {
         if schema.field_with_name(name).is_ok() {
-            return Err(Error::ColumnAlreadyExists { name: name.clone() });
+            return Err(Error::ColumnAlreadyExists {
+                name: name.to_string(),
+            });
         }
 
         let bound = bind(schema.clone(), name, expression)?;