handle missing timeline for what=tenant_id

learnings from today
more fixes, better logs
2026-01-21 20:32:56 +00:00 · 2023-04-24 14:58:21 +02:00 · 2023-03-13 19:05:02 +00:00 · 2023-02-13 18:05:55 +00:00 · 2023-02-13 18:01:43 +00:00 · 2023-02-13 17:57:46 +00:00
24 changed files with 3278 additions and 1378 deletions
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -152,6 +152,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "syn",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "atomic-polyfill"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d299f547288d6db8d5c3a2916f7b2f66134b15b8c1ac1c4357dd3b8752af7bb2"
+dependencies = [
+ "critical-section",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "atty"
 version = "0.2.14"
@@ -997,6 +1006,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "itertools",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "critical-section"
+version = "1.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6548a0ad5d2549e111e1f6a11a6c2e2d00ce6a3dafe22948d67c2b443f775e52"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-channel"
 version = "0.5.6"
@@ -1234,6 +1249,47 @@ dependencies = [
 "cfg-if",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "enum-map"
+version = "2.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "50c25992259941eb7e57b936157961b217a4fc8597829ddef0596d6c3cd86e1a"
+dependencies = [
+ "enum-map-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "enum-map-derive"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2a4da76b3b6116d758c7ba93f7ec6a35d2e2cf24feda76c6e38a375f4d5c59f2"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "enumset"
+version = "1.0.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "19be8061a06ab6f3a6cf21106c873578bf01bd42ad15e0311a9c76161cb1c753"
+dependencies = [
+ "enumset_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "enumset_derive"
+version = "0.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "03e7b551eba279bf0fa88b83a46330168c1560a52a94f5126f892f0b364ab3e0"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "env_logger"
 version = "0.10.0"
@@ -1521,6 +1577,15 @@ version = "1.8.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "eabb4a44450da02c90444cf74558da904edde8fb4e9035a9a6a4e15445af0bd7"

+[[package]]
+name = "hash32"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "47d60b12902ba28e2730cd37e95b8c9223af2808df9e902d4df49588d1470606"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.12.3"
@@ -1548,6 +1613,18 @@ dependencies = [
 "hashbrown 0.12.3",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "heapless"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/japaric/heapless.git?rev=644653bf3b831c6bb4963be2de24804acf5e5001#644653bf3b831c6bb4963be2de24804acf5e5001"
+dependencies = [
+ "atomic-polyfill",
+ "hash32",
+ "rustc_version",
+ "spin 0.9.4",
+ "stable_deref_trait",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "heck"
 version = "0.4.1"
@@ -2344,6 +2421,8 @@ dependencies = [
 "crc32c",
 "criterion",
 "crossbeam-utils",
+ "enum-map",
+ "enumset",
 "fail",
 "futures",
 "git-version",
@@ -2376,6 +2455,8 @@ dependencies = [
 "serde_with",
 "signal-hook",
 "storage_broker",
+ "strum",
+ "strum_macros",
 "svg_fmt",
 "tempfile",
 "tenant_size_model",
@@ -2400,6 +2481,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "byteorder",
 "bytes",
 "const_format",
+ "enum-map",
 "postgres_ffi",
 "serde",
 "serde_with",
@@ -3021,7 +3103,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "cc",
 "libc",
 "once_cell",
- "spin",
+ "spin 0.5.2",
 "untrusted",
 "web-sys",
 "winapi",
@@ -3568,6 +3650,21 @@ version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6e63cff320ae2c57904679ba7cb63280a3dc4613885beafb148ee7bf9aa9042d"

+[[package]]
+name = "spin"
+version = "0.9.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7f6002a767bff9e83f8eeecf883ecb8011875a21ae8da43bffb817a57e78cc09"
+dependencies = [
+ "lock_api",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "stable_deref_trait"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a8f112729512f8e442d81f95a8a7ddf2b7c6b8a1a6f509a95864142b30cab2d3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "static_assertions"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -4347,6 +4444,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "bytes",
 "criterion",
 "git-version",
+ "heapless",
 "hex",
 "hex-literal",
 "hyper",
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ comfy-table = "6.1"
 const_format = "0.2"
 crc32c = "0.6"
 crossbeam-utils = "0.8.5"
+enum-map = "2.4.2"
+enumset = "1.0.12"
 fail = "0.5.0"
 fs2 = "0.4.3"
 futures = "0.3"
@@ -120,6 +122,9 @@ postgres-types = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", re
 tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="43e6db254a97fdecbce33d8bc0890accfd74495e" }
 tokio-tar = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/tokio-tar.git", rev="404df61437de0feef49ba2ccdbdd94eb8ad6e142" }

+## Other git libraries
+heapless = { default-features=false, features=[], git = "https://github.com/japaric/heapless.git", rev = "644653bf3b831c6bb4963be2de24804acf5e5001" } # upstream release pending
+
 ## Local libraries
 consumption_metrics = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/consumption_metrics/" }
 metrics = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/metrics/" }
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,5 +13,6 @@ bytes.workspace = true
 byteorder.workspace = true
 utils.workspace = true
 postgres_ffi.workspace = true
+enum-map.workspace = true

 workspace_hack.workspace = true
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/models.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/models.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
-use std::num::{NonZeroU64, NonZeroUsize};
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    num::{NonZeroU64, NonZeroUsize},
+    time::SystemTime,
+};

 use byteorder::{BigEndian, ReadBytesExt};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 use utils::{
+    history_buffer::HistoryBufferWithDropCounter,
    id::{NodeId, TenantId, TimelineId},
    lsn::Lsn,
 };
@@ -233,6 +238,82 @@ pub struct LayerMapInfo {
    pub historic_layers: Vec<HistoricLayerInfo>,
 }

+#[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, enum_map::Enum)]
+#[repr(usize)]
+pub enum LayerAccessKind {
+    GetValueReconstructData,
+    Iter,
+    KeyIter,
+    Dump,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
+    pub when_millis_since_epoch: u64,
+    pub task_kind: &'static str,
+    pub access_kind: LayerAccessKind,
+}
+
+/// An event that impacts the layer's residence status.
+#[serde_as]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct LayerResidenceEvent {
+    /// The time when the event occurred.
+    /// NB: this timestamp is captured while the residence status changes.
+    /// So, it might be behind/ahead of the actual residence change by a short amount of time.
+    ///
+    #[serde(rename = "timestamp_millis_since_epoch")]
+    #[serde_as(as = "serde_with::TimestampMilliSeconds")]
+    timestamp: SystemTime,
+    /// The new residence status of the layer.
+    status: LayerResidenceStatus,
+    /// The reason why we had to record this event.
+    reason: LayerResidenceEventReason,
+}
+
+/// The reason for recording a given [`ResidenceEvent`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum LayerResidenceEventReason {
+    /// The layer map is being populated, e.g. during timeline load or attach.
+    /// This includes [`RemoteLayer`] objects created in [`reconcile_with_remote`].
+    /// We need to record such events because there is no persistent storage for the events.
+    LayerLoad,
+    /// We just created the layer (e.g., freeze_and_flush or compaction).
+    /// Such layers are always [`LayerResidenceStatus::Resident`].
+    LayerCreate,
+    /// We on-demand downloaded or evicted the given layer.
+    ResidenceChange,
+}
+
+/// The residence status of the layer, after the given [`LayerResidenceEvent`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum LayerResidenceStatus {
+    /// Residence status for a layer file that exists locally.
+    /// It may also exist on the remote, we don't care here.
+    Resident,
+    /// Residence status for a layer file that only exists on the remote.
+    Evicted,
+}
+
+impl LayerResidenceEvent {
+    pub fn new(status: LayerResidenceStatus, reason: LayerResidenceEventReason) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            status,
+            reason,
+            timestamp: SystemTime::now(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+pub struct LayerAccessStats {
+    pub access_count_by_access_kind: HashMap<LayerAccessKind, u64>,
+    pub task_kind_access_flag: Vec<&'static str>,
+    pub first: Option<LayerAccessStatFullDetails>,
+    pub accesses_history: HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<LayerAccessStatFullDetails, 16>,
+    pub residence_events_history: HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<LayerResidenceEvent, 16>,
+}
+
 #[serde_as]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
 #[serde(tag = "kind")]
@@ -262,6 +343,7 @@ pub enum HistoricLayerInfo {
        #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
        lsn_end: Lsn,
        remote: bool,
+        access_stats: LayerAccessStats,
    },
    Image {
        layer_file_name: String,
@@ -270,6 +352,7 @@ pub enum HistoricLayerInfo {
        #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
        lsn_start: Lsn,
        remote: bool,
+        access_stats: LayerAccessStats,
    },
 }

--- a/libs/utils/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libs/utils/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ async-trait.workspace = true
 anyhow.workspace = true
 bincode.workspace = true
 bytes.workspace = true
+heapless.workspace = true
 hyper = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
 routerify.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
--- a/libs/utils/src/history_buffer.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/history_buffer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+//! A heapless buffer for events of sorts.
+
+use std::ops;
+
+use heapless::HistoryBuffer;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<T, const L: usize> {
+    buffer: HistoryBuffer<T, L>,
+    drop_count: u64,
+}
+
+impl<T, const L: usize> HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<T, L> {
+    pub fn write(&mut self, data: T) {
+        let len_before = self.buffer.len();
+        self.buffer.write(data);
+        let len_after = self.buffer.len();
+        self.drop_count += u64::from(len_before == len_after);
+    }
+    pub fn drop_count(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.drop_count
+    }
+    pub fn map<U, F: Fn(&T) -> U>(&self, f: F) -> HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<U, L> {
+        let mut buffer = HistoryBuffer::new();
+        buffer.extend(self.buffer.oldest_ordered().map(f));
+        HistoryBufferWithDropCounter::<U, L> {
+            buffer,
+            drop_count: self.drop_count,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, const L: usize> Default for HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<T, L> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            buffer: HistoryBuffer::default(),
+            drop_count: 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, const L: usize> ops::Deref for HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<T, L> {
+    type Target = HistoryBuffer<T, L>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.buffer
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(serde::Serialize)]
+struct SerdeRepr<T> {
+    buffer: Vec<T>,
+    drop_count: u64,
+}
+
+impl<'a, T, const L: usize> From<&'a HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<T, L>> for SerdeRepr<T>
+where
+    T: Clone + serde::Serialize,
+{
+    fn from(value: &'a HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<T, L>) -> Self {
+        let HistoryBufferWithDropCounter { buffer, drop_count } = value;
+        SerdeRepr {
+            buffer: buffer.iter().cloned().collect(),
+            drop_count: *drop_count,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, const L: usize> serde::Serialize for HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<T, L>
+where
+    T: Clone + serde::Serialize,
+{
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: serde::Serializer,
+    {
+        SerdeRepr::from(self).serialize(serializer)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::HistoryBufferWithDropCounter;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basics() {
+        let mut b = HistoryBufferWithDropCounter::<_, 2>::default();
+        b.write(1);
+        b.write(2);
+        b.write(3);
+        assert!(b.iter().any(|e| *e == 2));
+        assert!(b.iter().any(|e| *e == 3));
+        assert!(!b.iter().any(|e| *e == 1));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_drop_count_works() {
+        let mut b = HistoryBufferWithDropCounter::<_, 2>::default();
+        b.write(1);
+        assert_eq!(b.drop_count(), 0);
+        b.write(2);
+        assert_eq!(b.drop_count(), 0);
+        b.write(3);
+        assert_eq!(b.drop_count(), 1);
+        b.write(4);
+        assert_eq!(b.drop_count(), 2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_clone_works() {
+        let mut b = HistoryBufferWithDropCounter::<_, 2>::default();
+        b.write(1);
+        b.write(2);
+        b.write(3);
+        assert_eq!(b.drop_count(), 1);
+        let mut c = b.clone();
+        assert_eq!(c.drop_count(), 1);
+        assert!(c.iter().any(|e| *e == 2));
+        assert!(c.iter().any(|e| *e == 3));
+        assert!(!c.iter().any(|e| *e == 1));
+
+        c.write(4);
+        assert!(c.iter().any(|e| *e == 4));
+        assert!(!b.iter().any(|e| *e == 4));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_map() {
+        let mut b = HistoryBufferWithDropCounter::<_, 2>::default();
+
+        b.write(1);
+        assert_eq!(b.drop_count(), 0);
+        {
+            let c = b.map(|i| i + 10);
+            assert_eq!(c.oldest_ordered().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec![11]);
+            assert_eq!(c.drop_count(), 0);
+        }
+
+        b.write(2);
+        assert_eq!(b.drop_count(), 0);
+        {
+            let c = b.map(|i| i + 10);
+            assert_eq!(
+                c.oldest_ordered().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+                vec![11, 12]
+            );
+            assert_eq!(c.drop_count(), 0);
+        }
+
+        b.write(3);
+        assert_eq!(b.drop_count(), 1);
+        {
+            let c = b.map(|i| i + 10);
+            assert_eq!(
+                c.oldest_ordered().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+                vec![12, 13]
+            );
+            assert_eq!(c.drop_count(), 1);
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/libs/utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ pub mod signals;

 pub mod fs_ext;

+pub mod history_buffer;
+
 /// use with fail::cfg("$name", "return(2000)")
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! failpoint_sleep_millis_async {
--- a/pageserver/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pageserver/Cargo.toml
@@ -67,6 +67,10 @@ utils.workspace = true
 workspace_hack.workspace = true
 reqwest.workspace = true
 rpds.workspace = true
+enum-map.workspace = true
+enumset.workspace = true
+strum.workspace = true
+strum_macros.workspace = true

 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion.workspace = true
--- a/pageserver/src/http/routes.rs
+++ b/pageserver/src/http/routes.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use crate::pgdatadir_mapping::LsnForTimestamp;
 use crate::task_mgr::TaskKind;
 use crate::tenant::config::TenantConfOpt;
 use crate::tenant::mgr::TenantMapInsertError;
+use crate::tenant::storage_layer::LayerAccessStatsReset;
 use crate::tenant::{PageReconstructError, Timeline};
 use crate::{config::PageServerConf, tenant::mgr};
 use utils::{
@@ -529,10 +530,13 @@ async fn tenant_size_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, A
 async fn layer_map_info_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
    let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
    let timeline_id: TimelineId = parse_request_param(&request, "timeline_id")?;
+    let reset: LayerAccessStatsReset =
+        parse_query_param(&request, "reset")?.unwrap_or(LayerAccessStatsReset::NoReset);
+
    check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;

    let timeline = active_timeline_of_active_tenant(tenant_id, timeline_id).await?;
-    let layer_map_info = timeline.layer_map_info();
+    let layer_map_info = timeline.layer_map_info(reset);

    json_response(StatusCode::OK, layer_map_info)
 }
--- a/pageserver/src/task_mgr.rs
+++ b/pageserver/src/task_mgr.rs
@@ -169,7 +169,14 @@ task_local! {
 /// Note that we don't try to limit how many task of a certain kind can be running
 /// at the same time.
 ///
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(
+    Debug,
+    // NB: enumset::EnumSetType derives PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy
+    enumset::EnumSetType,
+    serde::Serialize,
+    serde::Deserialize,
+    strum_macros::IntoStaticStr,
+)]
 pub enum TaskKind {
    // Pageserver startup, i.e., `main`
    Startup,
--- a/pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer.rs
+++ b/pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer.rs
@@ -9,13 +9,21 @@ mod remote_layer;
 use crate::config::PageServerConf;
 use crate::context::RequestContext;
 use crate::repository::{Key, Value};
+use crate::task_mgr::TaskKind;
 use crate::walrecord::NeonWalRecord;
 use anyhow::Result;
 use bytes::Bytes;
-use pageserver_api::models::HistoricLayerInfo;
+use enum_map::EnumMap;
+use enumset::EnumSet;
+use pageserver_api::models::LayerAccessKind;
+use pageserver_api::models::{
+    HistoricLayerInfo, LayerResidenceEvent, LayerResidenceEventReason, LayerResidenceStatus,
+};
 use std::ops::Range;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+use utils::history_buffer::HistoryBufferWithDropCounter;

 use utils::{
    id::{TenantId, TimelineId},
@@ -83,6 +91,149 @@ pub enum ValueReconstructResult {
    Missing,
 }

+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct LayerAccessStats(Mutex<LayerAccessStatsInner>);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+struct LayerAccessStatsInner {
+    first_access: Option<LayerAccessStatFullDetails>,
+    count_by_access_kind: EnumMap<LayerAccessKind, u64>,
+    task_kind_flag: EnumSet<TaskKind>,
+    last_accesses: HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<LayerAccessStatFullDetails, 16>,
+    last_residence_changes: HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<LayerResidenceEvent, 16>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
+    when: SystemTime,
+    task_kind: TaskKind,
+    access_kind: LayerAccessKind,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, strum_macros::EnumString)]
+pub enum LayerAccessStatsReset {
+    NoReset,
+    JustTaskKindFlags,
+    AllStats,
+}
+
+fn system_time_to_millis_since_epoch(ts: &SystemTime) -> u64 {
+    ts.duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .expect("better to die in this unlikely case than report false stats")
+        .as_millis()
+        .try_into()
+        .expect("64 bits is enough for few more years")
+}
+
+impl LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
+    fn to_api_model(&self) -> pageserver_api::models::LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
+        let Self {
+            when,
+            task_kind,
+            access_kind,
+        } = self;
+        pageserver_api::models::LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
+            when_millis_since_epoch: system_time_to_millis_since_epoch(when),
+            task_kind: task_kind.into(), // into static str, powered by strum_macros
+            access_kind: *access_kind,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl LayerAccessStats {
+    pub(crate) fn for_loading_layer(status: LayerResidenceStatus) -> Self {
+        let new = LayerAccessStats(Mutex::new(LayerAccessStatsInner::default()));
+        new.record_residence_event(status, LayerResidenceEventReason::LayerLoad);
+        new
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn for_new_layer_file() -> Self {
+        let new = LayerAccessStats(Mutex::new(LayerAccessStatsInner::default()));
+        new.record_residence_event(
+            LayerResidenceStatus::Resident,
+            LayerResidenceEventReason::LayerCreate,
+        );
+        new
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a clone of `self` and records `new_status` in the clone.
+    /// The `new_status` is not recorded in `self`
+    pub(crate) fn clone_for_residence_change(
+        &self,
+        new_status: LayerResidenceStatus,
+    ) -> LayerAccessStats {
+        let clone = {
+            let inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+            inner.clone()
+        };
+        let new = LayerAccessStats(Mutex::new(clone));
+        new.record_residence_event(new_status, LayerResidenceEventReason::ResidenceChange);
+        new
+    }
+
+    fn record_residence_event(
+        &self,
+        status: LayerResidenceStatus,
+        reason: LayerResidenceEventReason,
+    ) {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        inner
+            .last_residence_changes
+            .write(LayerResidenceEvent::new(status, reason));
+    }
+
+    fn record_access(&self, access_kind: LayerAccessKind, task_kind: TaskKind) {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        let this_access = LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
+            when: SystemTime::now(),
+            task_kind,
+            access_kind,
+        };
+        inner
+            .first_access
+            .get_or_insert_with(|| this_access.clone());
+        inner.count_by_access_kind[access_kind] += 1;
+        inner.task_kind_flag |= task_kind;
+        inner.last_accesses.write(this_access);
+    }
+    fn to_api_model(
+        &self,
+        reset: LayerAccessStatsReset,
+    ) -> pageserver_api::models::LayerAccessStats {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        let LayerAccessStatsInner {
+            first_access,
+            count_by_access_kind,
+            task_kind_flag,
+            last_accesses,
+            last_residence_changes,
+        } = &*inner;
+        let ret = pageserver_api::models::LayerAccessStats {
+            access_count_by_access_kind: count_by_access_kind
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(kind, count)| (kind, *count))
+                .collect(),
+            task_kind_access_flag: task_kind_flag
+                .iter()
+                .map(|task_kind| task_kind.into()) // into static str, powered by strum_macros
+                .collect(),
+            first: first_access.as_ref().map(|a| a.to_api_model()),
+            accesses_history: last_accesses.map(|m| m.to_api_model()),
+            residence_events_history: last_residence_changes.clone(),
+        };
+        match reset {
+            LayerAccessStatsReset::NoReset => (),
+            LayerAccessStatsReset::JustTaskKindFlags => {
+                inner.task_kind_flag.clear();
+            }
+            LayerAccessStatsReset::AllStats => {
+                *inner = LayerAccessStatsInner::default();
+            }
+        }
+        ret
+    }
+}
+
 /// Supertrait of the [`Layer`] trait that captures the bare minimum interface
 /// required by [`LayerMap`].
 pub trait Layer: Send + Sync {
@@ -190,7 +341,9 @@ pub trait PersistentLayer: Layer {
    /// current_physical_size is computed as the som of this value.
    fn file_size(&self) -> Option<u64>;

-    fn info(&self) -> HistoricLayerInfo;
+    fn info(&self, reset: LayerAccessStatsReset) -> HistoricLayerInfo;
+
+    fn access_stats(&self) -> &LayerAccessStats;
 }

 pub fn downcast_remote_layer(
--- a/pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/delta_layer.rs
+++ b/pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/delta_layer.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ use crate::virtual_file::VirtualFile;
 use crate::{walrecord, TEMP_FILE_SUFFIX};
 use crate::{DELTA_FILE_MAGIC, STORAGE_FORMAT_VERSION};
 use anyhow::{bail, ensure, Context, Result};
-use pageserver_api::models::HistoricLayerInfo;
+use pageserver_api::models::{HistoricLayerInfo, LayerAccessKind};
 use rand::{distributions::Alphanumeric, Rng};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::fs::{self, File};
@@ -55,7 +55,10 @@ use utils::{
    lsn::Lsn,
 };

-use super::{DeltaFileName, Layer, LayerFileName, LayerIter, LayerKeyIter, PathOrConf};
+use super::{
+    DeltaFileName, Layer, LayerAccessStats, LayerAccessStatsReset, LayerFileName, LayerIter,
+    LayerKeyIter, LayerResidenceStatus, PathOrConf,
+};

 ///
 /// Header stored in the beginning of the file
@@ -185,6 +188,8 @@ pub struct DeltaLayer {

    pub file_size: u64,

+    access_stats: LayerAccessStats,
+
    inner: RwLock<DeltaLayerInner>,
 }

@@ -231,7 +236,7 @@ impl Layer for DeltaLayer {
            return Ok(());
        }

-        let inner = self.load(ctx)?;
+        let inner = self.load(LayerAccessKind::Dump, ctx)?;

        println!(
            "index_start_blk: {}, root {}",
@@ -304,7 +309,7 @@ impl Layer for DeltaLayer {

        {
            // Open the file and lock the metadata in memory
-            let inner = self.load(ctx)?;
+            let inner = self.load(LayerAccessKind::GetValueReconstructData, ctx)?;

            // Scan the page versions backwards, starting from `lsn`.
            let file = inner.file.as_ref().unwrap();
@@ -395,7 +400,9 @@ impl PersistentLayer for DeltaLayer {
    }

    fn iter(&self, ctx: &RequestContext) -> Result<LayerIter<'_>> {
-        let inner = self.load(ctx).context("load delta layer")?;
+        let inner = self
+            .load(LayerAccessKind::KeyIter, ctx)
+            .context("load delta layer")?;
        Ok(match DeltaValueIter::new(inner) {
            Ok(iter) => Box::new(iter),
            Err(err) => Box::new(std::iter::once(Err(err))),
@@ -403,7 +410,7 @@ impl PersistentLayer for DeltaLayer {
    }

    fn key_iter(&self, ctx: &RequestContext) -> Result<LayerKeyIter<'_>> {
-        let inner = self.load(ctx)?;
+        let inner = self.load(LayerAccessKind::KeyIter, ctx)?;
        Ok(Box::new(
            DeltaKeyIter::new(inner).context("Layer index is corrupted")?,
        ))
@@ -419,18 +426,25 @@ impl PersistentLayer for DeltaLayer {
        Some(self.file_size)
    }

-    fn info(&self) -> HistoricLayerInfo {
+    fn info(&self, reset: LayerAccessStatsReset) -> HistoricLayerInfo {
        let layer_file_name = self.filename().file_name();
        let lsn_range = self.get_lsn_range();

+        let access_stats = self.access_stats.to_api_model(reset);
+
        HistoricLayerInfo::Delta {
            layer_file_name,
            layer_file_size: Some(self.file_size),
            lsn_start: lsn_range.start,
            lsn_end: lsn_range.end,
            remote: false,
+            access_stats,
        }
    }
+
+    fn access_stats(&self) -> &LayerAccessStats {
+        &self.access_stats
+    }
 }

 impl DeltaLayer {
@@ -475,7 +489,13 @@ impl DeltaLayer {
    /// Open the underlying file and read the metadata into memory, if it's
    /// not loaded already.
    ///
-    fn load(&self, _ctx: &RequestContext) -> Result<RwLockReadGuard<DeltaLayerInner>> {
+    fn load(
+        &self,
+        access_kind: LayerAccessKind,
+        ctx: &RequestContext,
+    ) -> Result<RwLockReadGuard<DeltaLayerInner>> {
+        self.access_stats
+            .record_access(access_kind, ctx.task_kind());
        loop {
            // Quick exit if already loaded
            let inner = self.inner.read().unwrap();
@@ -556,6 +576,7 @@ impl DeltaLayer {
        tenant_id: TenantId,
        filename: &DeltaFileName,
        file_size: u64,
+        access_stats: LayerAccessStats,
    ) -> DeltaLayer {
        DeltaLayer {
            path_or_conf: PathOrConf::Conf(conf),
@@ -564,6 +585,7 @@ impl DeltaLayer {
            key_range: filename.key_range.clone(),
            lsn_range: filename.lsn_range.clone(),
            file_size,
+            access_stats,
            inner: RwLock::new(DeltaLayerInner {
                loaded: false,
                file: None,
@@ -593,6 +615,7 @@ impl DeltaLayer {
            key_range: summary.key_range,
            lsn_range: summary.lsn_range,
            file_size: metadata.len(),
+            access_stats: LayerAccessStats::for_loading_layer(LayerResidenceStatus::Resident),
            inner: RwLock::new(DeltaLayerInner {
                loaded: false,
                file: None,
@@ -763,6 +786,7 @@ impl DeltaLayerWriterInner {
            key_range: self.key_start..key_end,
            lsn_range: self.lsn_range.clone(),
            file_size: metadata.len(),
+            access_stats: LayerAccessStats::for_new_layer_file(),
            inner: RwLock::new(DeltaLayerInner {
                loaded: false,
                file: None,
--- a/pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/image_layer.rs
+++ b/pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/image_layer.rs
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ use crate::tenant::blob_io::{BlobCursor, BlobWriter, WriteBlobWriter};
 use crate::tenant::block_io::{BlockBuf, BlockReader, FileBlockReader};
 use crate::tenant::disk_btree::{DiskBtreeBuilder, DiskBtreeReader, VisitDirection};
 use crate::tenant::storage_layer::{
-    PersistentLayer, ValueReconstructResult, ValueReconstructState,
+    LayerAccessStats, PersistentLayer, ValueReconstructResult, ValueReconstructState,
 };
 use crate::virtual_file::VirtualFile;
 use crate::{IMAGE_FILE_MAGIC, STORAGE_FORMAT_VERSION, TEMP_FILE_SUFFIX};
 use anyhow::{bail, ensure, Context, Result};
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use hex;
-use pageserver_api::models::HistoricLayerInfo;
+use pageserver_api::models::{HistoricLayerInfo, LayerAccessKind};
 use rand::{distributions::Alphanumeric, Rng};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::fs::{self, File};
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ use utils::{
 };

 use super::filename::{ImageFileName, LayerFileName};
-use super::{Layer, LayerIter, PathOrConf};
+use super::{Layer, LayerAccessStatsReset, LayerIter, LayerResidenceStatus, PathOrConf};

 ///
 /// Header stored in the beginning of the file
@@ -112,6 +112,8 @@ pub struct ImageLayer {
    // This entry contains an image of all pages as of this LSN
    pub lsn: Lsn,

+    access_stats: LayerAccessStats,
+
    inner: RwLock<ImageLayerInner>,
 }

@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ impl Layer for ImageLayer {
            return Ok(());
        }

-        let inner = self.load(ctx)?;
+        let inner = self.load(LayerAccessKind::Dump, ctx)?;
        let file = inner.file.as_ref().unwrap();
        let tree_reader =
            DiskBtreeReader::<_, KEY_SIZE>::new(inner.index_start_blk, inner.index_root_blk, file);
@@ -182,7 +184,7 @@ impl Layer for ImageLayer {
        assert!(lsn_range.start >= self.lsn);
        assert!(lsn_range.end >= self.lsn);

-        let inner = self.load(ctx)?;
+        let inner = self.load(LayerAccessKind::GetValueReconstructData, ctx)?;

        let file = inner.file.as_ref().unwrap();
        let tree_reader = DiskBtreeReader::new(inner.index_start_blk, inner.index_root_blk, file);
@@ -237,7 +239,7 @@ impl PersistentLayer for ImageLayer {
        Some(self.file_size)
    }

-    fn info(&self) -> HistoricLayerInfo {
+    fn info(&self, reset: LayerAccessStatsReset) -> HistoricLayerInfo {
        let layer_file_name = self.filename().file_name();
        let lsn_range = self.get_lsn_range();

@@ -246,8 +248,13 @@ impl PersistentLayer for ImageLayer {
            layer_file_size: Some(self.file_size),
            lsn_start: lsn_range.start,
            remote: false,
+            access_stats: self.access_stats.to_api_model(reset),
        }
    }
+
+    fn access_stats(&self) -> &LayerAccessStats {
+        &self.access_stats
+    }
 }

 impl ImageLayer {
@@ -285,7 +292,13 @@ impl ImageLayer {
    /// Open the underlying file and read the metadata into memory, if it's
    /// not loaded already.
    ///
-    fn load(&self, _ctx: &RequestContext) -> Result<RwLockReadGuard<ImageLayerInner>> {
+    fn load(
+        &self,
+        access_kind: LayerAccessKind,
+        ctx: &RequestContext,
+    ) -> Result<RwLockReadGuard<ImageLayerInner>> {
+        self.access_stats
+            .record_access(access_kind, ctx.task_kind());
        loop {
            // Quick exit if already loaded
            let inner = self.inner.read().unwrap();
@@ -365,6 +378,7 @@ impl ImageLayer {
        tenant_id: TenantId,
        filename: &ImageFileName,
        file_size: u64,
+        access_stats: LayerAccessStats,
    ) -> ImageLayer {
        ImageLayer {
            path_or_conf: PathOrConf::Conf(conf),
@@ -373,6 +387,7 @@ impl ImageLayer {
            key_range: filename.key_range.clone(),
            lsn: filename.lsn,
            file_size,
+            access_stats,
            inner: RwLock::new(ImageLayerInner {
                loaded: false,
                file: None,
@@ -400,6 +415,7 @@ impl ImageLayer {
            key_range: summary.key_range,
            lsn: summary.lsn,
            file_size: metadata.len(),
+            access_stats: LayerAccessStats::for_loading_layer(LayerResidenceStatus::Resident),
            inner: RwLock::new(ImageLayerInner {
                file: None,
                loaded: false,
@@ -559,6 +575,7 @@ impl ImageLayerWriterInner {
            key_range: self.key_range.clone(),
            lsn: self.lsn,
            file_size: metadata.len(),
+            access_stats: LayerAccessStats::for_new_layer_file(),
            inner: RwLock::new(ImageLayerInner {
                loaded: false,
                file: None,
--- a/pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/remote_layer.rs
+++ b/pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/remote_layer.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@ use utils::{

 use super::filename::{DeltaFileName, ImageFileName, LayerFileName};
 use super::image_layer::ImageLayer;
-use super::{DeltaLayer, LayerIter, LayerKeyIter, PersistentLayer};
+use super::{
+    DeltaLayer, LayerAccessStats, LayerAccessStatsReset, LayerIter, LayerKeyIter,
+    LayerResidenceStatus, PersistentLayer,
+};

 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RemoteLayer {
@@ -36,6 +39,8 @@ pub struct RemoteLayer {

    is_incremental: bool,

+    access_stats: LayerAccessStats,
+
    pub(crate) ongoing_download: Arc<tokio::sync::Semaphore>,
 }

@@ -138,7 +143,7 @@ impl PersistentLayer for RemoteLayer {
        self.layer_metadata.file_size()
    }

-    fn info(&self) -> HistoricLayerInfo {
+    fn info(&self, reset: LayerAccessStatsReset) -> HistoricLayerInfo {
        let layer_file_name = self.filename().file_name();
        let lsn_range = self.get_lsn_range();

@@ -149,6 +154,7 @@ impl PersistentLayer for RemoteLayer {
                lsn_start: lsn_range.start,
                lsn_end: lsn_range.end,
                remote: true,
+                access_stats: self.access_stats.to_api_model(reset),
            }
        } else {
            HistoricLayerInfo::Image {
@@ -156,9 +162,14 @@ impl PersistentLayer for RemoteLayer {
                layer_file_size: self.layer_metadata.file_size(),
                lsn_start: lsn_range.start,
                remote: true,
+                access_stats: self.access_stats.to_api_model(reset),
            }
        }
    }
+
+    fn access_stats(&self) -> &LayerAccessStats {
+        &self.access_stats
+    }
 }

 impl RemoteLayer {
@@ -167,6 +178,7 @@ impl RemoteLayer {
        timelineid: TimelineId,
        fname: &ImageFileName,
        layer_metadata: &LayerFileMetadata,
+        access_stats: LayerAccessStats,
    ) -> RemoteLayer {
        RemoteLayer {
            tenantid,
@@ -178,6 +190,7 @@ impl RemoteLayer {
            file_name: fname.to_owned().into(),
            layer_metadata: layer_metadata.clone(),
            ongoing_download: Arc::new(tokio::sync::Semaphore::new(1)),
+            access_stats,
        }
    }

@@ -186,6 +199,7 @@ impl RemoteLayer {
        timelineid: TimelineId,
        fname: &DeltaFileName,
        layer_metadata: &LayerFileMetadata,
+        access_stats: LayerAccessStats,
    ) -> RemoteLayer {
        RemoteLayer {
            tenantid,
@@ -197,6 +211,7 @@ impl RemoteLayer {
            file_name: fname.to_owned().into(),
            layer_metadata: layer_metadata.clone(),
            ongoing_download: Arc::new(tokio::sync::Semaphore::new(1)),
+            access_stats,
        }
    }

@@ -217,6 +232,8 @@ impl RemoteLayer {
                self.tenantid,
                &fname,
                file_size,
+                self.access_stats
+                    .clone_for_residence_change(LayerResidenceStatus::Resident),
            ))
        } else {
            let fname = ImageFileName {
@@ -229,6 +246,8 @@ impl RemoteLayer {
                self.tenantid,
                &fname,
                file_size,
+                self.access_stats
+                    .clone_for_residence_change(LayerResidenceStatus::Resident),
            ))
        }
    }
--- a/pageserver/src/tenant/timeline.rs
+++ b/pageserver/src/tenant/timeline.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
 use pageserver_api::models::{
    DownloadRemoteLayersTaskInfo, DownloadRemoteLayersTaskSpawnRequest,
-    DownloadRemoteLayersTaskState, LayerMapInfo, TimelineState,
+    DownloadRemoteLayersTaskState, LayerMapInfo, LayerResidenceStatus, TimelineState,
 };
 use tokio::sync::{oneshot, watch, Semaphore, TryAcquireError};
 use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ use crate::broker_client::is_broker_client_initialized;
 use crate::context::{DownloadBehavior, RequestContext};
 use crate::tenant::remote_timeline_client::{self, index::LayerFileMetadata};
 use crate::tenant::storage_layer::{
-    DeltaFileName, DeltaLayerWriter, ImageFileName, ImageLayerWriter, InMemoryLayer, LayerFileName,
-    RemoteLayer,
+    DeltaFileName, DeltaLayerWriter, ImageFileName, ImageLayerWriter, InMemoryLayer,
+    LayerAccessStats, LayerFileName, RemoteLayer,
 };
 use crate::tenant::{
    ephemeral_file::is_ephemeral_file,
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ use walreceiver::spawn_connection_manager_task;
 use super::layer_map::BatchedUpdates;
 use super::remote_timeline_client::index::IndexPart;
 use super::remote_timeline_client::RemoteTimelineClient;
-use super::storage_layer::{DeltaLayer, ImageLayer, Layer};
+use super::storage_layer::{DeltaLayer, ImageLayer, Layer, LayerAccessStatsReset};

 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 enum FlushLoopState {
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ impl Timeline {
        self.state.subscribe()
    }

-    pub fn layer_map_info(&self) -> LayerMapInfo {
+    pub fn layer_map_info(&self, reset: LayerAccessStatsReset) -> LayerMapInfo {
        let layer_map = self.layers.read().unwrap();
        let mut in_memory_layers = Vec::with_capacity(layer_map.frozen_layers.len() + 1);
        if let Some(open_layer) = &layer_map.open_layer {
@@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ impl Timeline {

        let mut historic_layers = Vec::new();
        for historic_layer in layer_map.iter_historic_layers() {
-            historic_layers.push(historic_layer.info());
+            historic_layers.push(historic_layer.info(reset));
        }

        LayerMapInfo {
@@ -891,12 +891,18 @@ impl Timeline {
                self.timeline_id,
                &image_name,
                &layer_metadata,
+                local_layer
+                    .access_stats()
+                    .clone_for_residence_change(LayerResidenceStatus::Evicted),
            ),
            LayerFileName::Delta(delta_name) => RemoteLayer::new_delta(
                self.tenant_id,
                self.timeline_id,
                &delta_name,
                &layer_metadata,
+                local_layer
+                    .access_stats()
+                    .clone_for_residence_change(LayerResidenceStatus::Evicted),
            ),
        });

@@ -1172,6 +1178,7 @@ impl Timeline {
                    self.tenant_id,
                    &imgfilename,
                    file_size,
+                    LayerAccessStats::for_loading_layer(LayerResidenceStatus::Resident),
                );

                trace!("found layer {}", layer.path().display());
@@ -1203,6 +1210,7 @@ impl Timeline {
                    self.tenant_id,
                    &deltafilename,
                    file_size,
+                    LayerAccessStats::for_loading_layer(LayerResidenceStatus::Resident),
                );

                trace!("found layer {}", layer.path().display());
@@ -1340,6 +1348,7 @@ impl Timeline {
                        self.timeline_id,
                        imgfilename,
                        &remote_layer_metadata,
+                        LayerAccessStats::for_loading_layer(LayerResidenceStatus::Evicted),
                    );
                    let remote_layer = Arc::new(remote_layer);

@@ -1364,6 +1373,7 @@ impl Timeline {
                        self.timeline_id,
                        deltafilename,
                        &remote_layer_metadata,
+                        LayerAccessStats::for_loading_layer(LayerResidenceStatus::Evicted),
                    );
                    let remote_layer = Arc::new(remote_layer);
                    updates.insert_historic(remote_layer);
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ types-psutil = "^5.9.5.4"
 types-toml = "^0.10.8"
 pytest-httpserver = "^1.0.6"
 aiohttp = "3.7.4"
+python-dateutil = "^2.8.2"
+types-python-dateutil = "^2.8.19.6"

 [tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
 flake8 = "^5.0.4"
--- a/scripts/layer_map_scraper/poetry.lock
+++ b/scripts/layer_map_scraper/poetry.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,845 @@
+[[package]]
+name = "aiohttp"
+version = "3.8.3"
+description = "Async http client/server framework (asyncio)"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+aiosignal = ">=1.1.2"
+async-timeout = ">=4.0.0a3,<5.0"
+attrs = ">=17.3.0"
+charset-normalizer = ">=2.0,<3.0"
+frozenlist = ">=1.1.1"
+multidict = ">=4.5,<7.0"
+yarl = ">=1.0,<2.0"
+
+[package.extras]
+speedups = ["Brotli", "aiodns", "cchardet"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "aiosignal"
+version = "1.3.1"
+description = "aiosignal: a list of registered asynchronous callbacks"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+frozenlist = ">=1.1.0"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-timeout"
+version = "4.0.2"
+description = "Timeout context manager for asyncio programs"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "asyncpg"
+version = "0.27.0"
+description = "An asyncio PostgreSQL driver"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7.0"
+
+[package.extras]
+dev = ["Cython (>=0.29.24,<0.30.0)", "Sphinx (>=4.1.2,<4.2.0)", "flake8 (>=5.0.4,<5.1.0)", "pytest (>=6.0)", "sphinx-rtd-theme (>=0.5.2,<0.6.0)", "sphinxcontrib-asyncio (>=0.3.0,<0.4.0)", "uvloop (>=0.15.3)"]
+docs = ["Sphinx (>=4.1.2,<4.2.0)", "sphinx-rtd-theme (>=0.5.2,<0.6.0)", "sphinxcontrib-asyncio (>=0.3.0,<0.4.0)"]
+test = ["flake8 (>=5.0.4,<5.1.0)", "uvloop (>=0.15.3)"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "asyncpg-opentracing"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "Opentracing instrumentation for asyncpg"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+asyncpg = ">=0.17"
+opentracing = ">2,<3"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "asyncpg-stubs"
+version = "0.27.0"
+description = "asyncpg stubs"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7,<4.0"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+asyncpg = ">=0.27,<0.28"
+typing-extensions = ">=4.2.0,<5.0.0"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "attrs"
+version = "22.2.0"
+description = "Classes Without Boilerplate"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+
+[package.extras]
+cov = ["attrs[tests]", "coverage-enable-subprocess", "coverage[toml] (>=5.3)"]
+dev = ["attrs[docs,tests]"]
+docs = ["furo", "myst-parser", "sphinx", "sphinx-notfound-page", "sphinxcontrib-towncrier", "towncrier", "zope.interface"]
+tests = ["attrs[tests-no-zope]", "zope.interface"]
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+    {file = "yarl-1.8.2-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:da65c3f263729e47351261351b8679c6429151ef9649bba08ef2528ff2c423b2"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.2-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:0ef8fb25e52663a1c85d608f6dd72e19bd390e2ecaf29c17fb08f730226e3a08"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.2-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:bcd7bb1e5c45274af9a1dd7494d3c52b2be5e6bd8d7e49c612705fd45420b12d"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.2-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:44ceac0450e648de86da8e42674f9b7077d763ea80c8ceb9d1c3e41f0f0a9951"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.2-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:97209cc91189b48e7cfe777237c04af8e7cc51eb369004e061809bcdf4e55220"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.2-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:48dd18adcf98ea9cd721a25313aef49d70d413a999d7d89df44f469edfb38a06"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.2-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:e59399dda559688461762800d7fb34d9e8a6a7444fd76ec33220a926c8be1516"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.2-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:d617c241c8c3ad5c4e78a08429fa49e4b04bedfc507b34b4d8dceb83b4af3588"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.2-cp39-cp39-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:cb6d48d80a41f68de41212f3dfd1a9d9898d7841c8f7ce6696cf2fd9cb57ef83"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.2-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:6604711362f2dbf7160df21c416f81fac0de6dbcf0b5445a2ef25478ecc4c778"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:49d43402c6e3013ad0978602bf6bf5328535c48d192304b91b97a3c6790b1562"},
+]
--- a/scripts/layer_map_scraper/pyproject.toml
+++ b/scripts/layer_map_scraper/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[tool.poetry]
+name = "layer-map-scraper"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = ""
+authors = ["None"]
+readme = "README.md"
+packages = []
+
+[tool.poetry.dependencies]
+python = "^3.9"
+aiohttp = "^3.8.3"
+asyncpg-opentracing = "^0.1.0"
+python-dateutil = "^2.8.2"
+mypy = "^1.0.0"
+asyncpg-stubs = "^0.27.0"
+black = "^23.1.0"
+toml = "^0.10.2"
+
+[tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
+mypy1989 = "^0.0.2"
+flake8 = "^6.0.0"
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["poetry-core"]
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
--- a/scripts/layer_map_scraper/run.bash
+++ b/scripts/layer_map_scraper/run.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# usage: poetry run -- ./run.bash scraper.env ARGS...
+set -euo pipefail
+set -x
+
+source "$1"
+shift
+
+self="${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"
+dir="$(dirname "$self")"
+scraper="$dir/scraper.py"
+exec python "$scraper" "$@" 1>run.log 2>&1
--- a/scripts/layer_map_scraper/scraper.db.schema.sql
+++ b/scripts/layer_map_scraper/scraper.db.schema.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+CREATE TABLE scrapes (
+    scrape_ts timestamp with time zone,
+    pageserver_id text,
+    pageserver_launch_timestamp timestamp with time zone,
+    tenant_id text,
+    timeline_id text,
+    layer_map_dump jsonb
+);
+
+create index scrapes_tenant_id_idx on scrapes (tenant_id);
+create index scrapes_timeline_id_idx on scrapes (timeline_id);
+create index scrapes_scrape_ts_idx on scrapes (scrape_ts);
+create index scrapes_tenant_timeline_id_idx on scrapes (tenant_id, timeline_id); -- this can probably go
+create index timeline_scrape_ts_idx on scrapes (timeline_id, scrape_ts);
+create index tenant_timeline_scrape_ts_idx on scrapes (tenant_id, timeline_id, scrape_ts);
+create index pageserver_id_idx on scrapes (pageserver_id);
+
+-- add statistics so that query planner selects the tenant_timeline_scrape_ts idx
+create statistics scrapes_tenant_timeline_stats on tenant_id, timeline_id from scrapes;
+
+--- what follows are example queries ---
+
+--- how many layer accesses did we have per layers/timeline/tenant in the last 30 seconds
+with flattened_to_access_count as (
+    select *
+    from scrapes as scrapes
+             cross join jsonb_to_recordset(scrapes.layer_map_dump -> 'historic_layers') historic_layer(layer_file_name text, access_stats jsonb)
+             cross join jsonb_to_record(historic_layer.access_stats) access_stats(access_count_by_access_kind jsonb)
+             cross join LATERAL (select key as access_kind, value::numeric as access_count from jsonb_each(access_count_by_access_kind)) access_count
+)
+select tenant_id, timeline_id, layer_file_name, access_kind, SUM(access_count) access_count_sum
+from flattened_to_access_count
+where scrape_ts > (clock_timestamp() - '30 second'::interval)
+group by rollup(tenant_id, timeline_id, layer_file_name, access_kind)
+having SUM(access_count) > 0
+order by access_count_sum desc, tenant_id desc, timeline_id desc, layer_file_name, access_kind;
+
+--- residence change events in the last 30 minutes
+-- (precise, unless more residence changes happen between scrapes than layer access stats buffer)
+with flattened_to_residence_changes as (select *
+    from scrapes as scrapes
+             cross join jsonb_to_recordset(scrapes.layer_map_dump -> 'historic_layers') historic_layer(layer_file_name text, access_stats jsonb)
+             cross join jsonb_to_record(historic_layer.access_stats) access_stats(residence_events_history jsonb)
+            cross join jsonb_to_record(access_stats.residence_events_history) residence_events_history(buffer jsonb, drop_count numeric)
+            cross join jsonb_to_recordset(residence_events_history.buffer) residence_events_buffer(status text, reason text, timestamp_millis_since_epoch numeric)
+        )
+, renamed as (
+    select
+        scrape_ts,
+        pageserver_launch_timestamp,
+        layer_file_name,
+        tenant_id,
+        timeline_id,
+        to_timestamp(timestamp_millis_since_epoch/1000) as residence_change_ts,
+        status,
+        reason
+    from flattened_to_residence_changes
+)
+select distinct residence_change_ts, status, reason, tenant_id, timeline_id, layer_file_name
+from renamed
+where residence_change_ts > (clock_timestamp() - '30 min'::interval)
+order by residence_change_ts desc, layer_file_name;
--- a/scripts/layer_map_scraper/scraper.env.example
+++ b/scripts/layer_map_scraper/scraper.env.example
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+export PGUSER=scraper-staging
+export PGPASSWORD=...
+export PGHOST=ep-....eu-central-1.aws.neon.tech
+export PGDATABASE=scraper-staging
+export SCRAPE_ENDPOINT=http://localhost:9898
+export SCRAPE_ENVIRONMENT=staging
+export SCRAPE_INTERVAL_SECS=99
--- a/scripts/layer_map_scraper/scraper.py
+++ b/scripts/layer_map_scraper/scraper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+#
+# Periodically scrape the layer maps of one or more timelines
+# and store the results in an SQL database.
+#
+
+import argparse
+import asyncio
+from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
+import datetime
+import json
+import logging
+import multiprocessing
+import sys
+from os import getenv
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+import aiohttp
+import asyncpg
+import dateutil.parser
+import toml
+
+
+class ClientException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class Client:
+    def __init__(self, pageserver_api_endpoint: str):
+        self.endpoint = pageserver_api_endpoint
+        self.sess = aiohttp.ClientSession()
+
+    async def close(self):
+        await self.sess.close()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, exc_t, exc_v, exc_tb):
+        await self.close()
+
+    async def get_pageserver_id(self):
+        resp = await self.sess.get(f"{self.endpoint}/v1/status")
+        body = await resp.json()
+        if not resp.ok:
+            raise ClientException(f"{resp}")
+        if not isinstance(body, dict):
+            raise ClientException("expecting dict")
+        return body["id"]
+
+    async def get_tenant_ids(self):
+        resp = await self.sess.get(f"{self.endpoint}/v1/tenant")
+        body = await resp.json()
+        if not resp.ok:
+            raise ClientException(f"{resp}")
+        if not isinstance(body, list):
+            raise ClientException("expecting list")
+        return [t["id"] for t in body]
+
+    async def get_tenant(self, tenant_id):
+        resp = await self.sess.get(f"{self.endpoint}/v1/tenant/{tenant_id}")
+        body = await resp.json()
+        if resp.status == 404:
+            return None
+        if not resp.ok:
+            raise ClientException(f"{resp}")
+        return body
+
+    async def get_timeline_ids(self, tenant_id):
+        resp = await self.sess.get(f"{self.endpoint}/v1/tenant/{tenant_id}/timeline")
+        body = await resp.json()
+        if resp.status == 404:
+            return None
+        if not resp.ok:
+            raise ClientException(f"{resp}")
+        if not isinstance(body, list):
+            raise ClientException("expecting list")
+        return [t["timeline_id"] for t in body]
+
+    async def get_layer_map(
+        self, tenant_id, timeline_id, reset
+    ) -> Tuple[Optional[datetime.datetime], Any]:
+        resp = await self.sess.get(
+            f"{self.endpoint}/v1/tenant/{tenant_id}/timeline/{timeline_id}/layer",
+            params={"reset": reset},
+        )
+        if not resp.ok:
+            raise ClientException(f"{resp}")
+        launch_ts_str = resp.headers["PAGESERVER_LAUNCH_TIMESTAMP"]
+        launch_ts = dateutil.parser.parse(launch_ts_str)
+        body = await resp.json()
+        return (launch_ts, body)
+
+
+async def scrape_timeline(
+    ps_id: str, ps_client: Client, db: asyncpg.Pool, tenant_id, timeline_id
+):
+    now = datetime.datetime.now()
+    launch_ts, layer_map_dump = await ps_client.get_layer_map(
+        tenant_id,
+        timeline_id,
+        # Reset the stats on every access to get max resolution on the task kind bitmap.
+        # Also, under the "every scrape does a full reset" model, it's not as urgent to
+        # detect pageserver restarts in post-processing, because, to answer the question
+        # "How often has the layer been accessed since its existence, across ps restarts?"
+        # we can simply sum up all scrape points that we have for this layer.
+        reset="AllStats",
+    )
+    await db.execute(
+        """
+            insert into scrapes (scrape_ts, pageserver_id, pageserver_launch_timestamp, tenant_id, timeline_id, layer_map_dump)
+            values ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6::jsonb);""",
+        now,
+        ps_id,
+        launch_ts,
+        tenant_id,
+        timeline_id,
+        json.dumps(layer_map_dump),
+    )
+
+
+async def timeline_task(
+    interval,
+    ps_id,
+    tenant_id,
+    timeline_id,
+    client: Client,
+    db: asyncpg.Pool,
+    stop_var: asyncio.Event,
+):
+    """
+    Task loop that is responsible for scraping one timeline
+    """
+
+    last_scrape_at = await db.fetchval("select max(scrape_ts) from scrapes where tenant_id = $1 and timeline_id = $2", tenant_id, timeline_id)
+    if last_scrape_at is not None:
+        logging.info(f"{tenant_id}/{timeline_id}: last scrape at: {last_scrape_at}")
+        next_scrape_at = last_scrape_at + datetime.timedelta(seconds=interval)
+        logging.info(f"{tenant_id}/{timeline_id}: next scrape at: {next_scrape_at}")
+        now = datetime.datetime.now(tz=last_scrape_at.tzinfo)
+        logging.info(f"{tenant_id}/{timeline_id}: now is: {now}")
+        sleep_secs = (next_scrape_at - now).total_seconds()
+        if sleep_secs < 0:
+            logging.warning(f"{tenant_id}/{timeline_id}: timeline was overdue for scraping (last_scrape_at={last_scrape_at})")
+        else:
+            logging.info(f"{tenant_id}/{timeline_id}: sleeping remaining {sleep_secs} seconds since last scrape")
+            await asyncio.sleep(sleep_secs)
+
+    while not stop_var.is_set():
+        try:
+            logging.info(f"begin scraping timeline {tenant_id}/{timeline_id}")
+            await scrape_timeline(ps_id, client, db, tenant_id, timeline_id)
+            logging.info(f"finished scraping timeline {tenant_id}/{timeline_id}")
+        except Exception:
+            logging.exception(f"{tenant_id}/{timeline_id} failed, stopping scraping")
+            return
+        # TODO: use ticker-like construct instead of sleep()
+        # TODO: bail out early if stop_var is set. That needs a select()-like statement for Python. Is there any?
+        await asyncio.sleep(interval)
+
+
+async def resolve_what(what: List[str], client: Client):
+    """
+    Resolve the list of "what" arguments on the command line to (tenant,timeline) tuples.
+    Format of a `what` argument: PageserverEndpoint:TimelineSpecififer
+      where
+        PageserverEndpoint = http://
+        TimelineSpecifier = "ALL" | TenantId | TenantId:TimelineId
+    Examples:
+    - `ALL`: all timelines present on the pageserver
+    - `3ff96c2a04c3490285cba2019e69fb51`: all timelines of tenant `3ff96c2a04c3490285cba2019e69fb51` on the pageserver
+    - `3ff96c2a04c3490285cba2019e69fb51:604094d9de4bda14dfc8da3c1a73e0e4`: timeline `604094d9de4bda14dfc8da3c1a73e0e4` of tenant `3ff96c2a04c3490285cba2019e69fb51` on the pageserver
+    """
+    tenant_and_timline_ids: Set[Tuple[str, str]] = set()
+    # fill  tenant_and_timline_ids based on spec
+    for spec in what:
+        comps = spec.split(":")
+        if comps == ["ALL"]:
+            tenant_ids = await client.get_tenant_ids()
+            tenant_infos = await asyncio.gather(
+                *[client.get_tenant(tenant_id) for tenant_id in tenant_ids]
+            )
+            id_and_info = [
+                (tid, info)
+                for tid, info in zip(tenant_ids, tenant_infos)
+                if info is not None and info["state"] == "Active"
+            ]
+
+            async def wrapper(tid):
+                return (tid, await client.get_timeline_ids(tid))
+
+            gathered = await asyncio.gather(*[wrapper(tid) for tid, _ in id_and_info])
+            for tid, tlids in gathered:
+                if tlids is None:
+                    continue
+                for tlid in tlids:
+                    tenant_and_timline_ids.add((tid, tlid))
+        elif len(comps) == 1:
+            tid = comps[0]
+            tlids = await client.get_timeline_ids(tid)
+            if tlids is None:
+                continue
+            for tlid in tlids:
+                tenant_and_timline_ids.add((tid, tlid))
+        elif len(comps) == 2:
+            tenant_and_timline_ids.add((comps[0], comps[1]))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid what-spec: {spec}")
+
+    return tenant_and_timline_ids
+
+
+async def pageserver_loop(ps_config, db: asyncpg.Pool, client: Client):
+    """
+    Controller loop that manages the per-timeline scrape tasks.
+    """
+
+    psid = await client.get_pageserver_id()
+    scrapedb_ps_id = f"{ps_config['environment']}-{psid}"
+
+    logging.info(f"storing results for scrapedb_ps_id={scrapedb_ps_id}")
+
+    active_tasks_lock = asyncio.Lock()
+    active_tasks: Dict[Tuple[str, str], asyncio.Event] = {}
+    while True:
+        try:
+            desired_tasks = await resolve_what(ps_config["what"], client)
+        except Exception:
+            logging.exception("failed to resolve --what, sleeping then retrying")
+            await asyncio.sleep(10)
+            continue
+
+        async with active_tasks_lock:
+            active_task_keys = set(active_tasks.keys())
+
+            # launch new tasks
+            new_tasks = desired_tasks - active_task_keys
+            logging.info(f"launching new tasks: {len(new_tasks)}")
+            for tenant_id, timeline_id in new_tasks:
+                logging.info(
+                    f"launching scrape task for timeline {tenant_id}/{timeline_id}"
+                )
+                stop_var = asyncio.Event()
+
+                assert active_tasks.get((tenant_id, timeline_id)) is None
+                active_tasks[(tenant_id, timeline_id)] = stop_var
+
+                async def task_wrapper(tenant_id, timeline_id, stop_var):
+                    try:
+                        await timeline_task(
+                            ps_config["interval_secs"],
+                            scrapedb_ps_id,
+                            tenant_id,
+                            timeline_id,
+                            client,
+                            db,
+                            stop_var,
+                        )
+                    finally:
+                        async with active_tasks_lock:
+                            del active_tasks[(tenant_id, timeline_id)]
+
+                asyncio.create_task(task_wrapper(tenant_id, timeline_id, stop_var))
+
+            # signal tasks that aren't needed anymore to stop
+            tasks_to_stop = active_task_keys - desired_tasks
+            for tenant_id, timeline_id in tasks_to_stop:
+                logging.info(
+                    f"stopping scrape task for timeline {tenant_id}/{timeline_id}"
+                )
+                stop_var = active_tasks[(tenant_id, timeline_id)]
+                stop_var.set()
+                # the task will remove itself
+
+        # sleep without holding the lock
+        await asyncio.sleep(10)
+
+
+async def pageserver_process_async(ps_config, dsn):
+    async with asyncpg.create_pool(dsn, min_size=2, max_size=5) as db:
+        async with Client(ps_config["endpoint"]) as client:
+            return await pageserver_loop(ps_config, db, client)
+
+
+def pageserver_process(ps_config, dsn):
+    asyncio.run(pageserver_process_async(ps_config, dsn))
+
+
+def main(args):
+    scrape_config = toml.load(args.config)
+    ps_configs: List[Dict[Any, Any]] = scrape_config["pageservers"]
+    # global attributes inherit one level downard
+    for i, ps_conf in enumerate(ps_configs):
+        ps_configs[i] = scrape_config | ps_conf
+
+    # postgres connection pool is global
+    dsn = f"postgres://{args.pg_user}:{args.pg_password}@{args.pg_host}/{args.pg_database}?sslmode=require"
+
+    pageserver_processes = []
+    for ps_config in ps_configs:
+        p = multiprocessing.Process(target=pageserver_process, args=(ps_config, dsn))
+        p.start()
+        pageserver_processes.append(p)
+
+    for p in pageserver_processes:
+        p.join()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+
+    def envarg(flag, envvar, **kwargs):
+        parser.add_argument(
+            flag, default=getenv(envvar), required=not getenv(envvar), **kwargs
+        )
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--verbose",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="enable verbose logging",
+    )
+    envarg("--pg-host", "PGHOST")
+    envarg("--pg-user", "PGUSER")
+    envarg("--pg-password", "PGPASSWORD")
+    envarg("--pg-database", "PGDATABASE")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "config",
+        type=argparse.FileType(),
+        help="the toml config that defines what to scrape",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    level = logging.INFO
+    if args.verbose:
+        level = logging.DEBUG
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        format="%(asctime)s,%(msecs)03d %(levelname)-8s [%(filename)s:%(lineno)d] %(message)s",
+        datefmt="%Y-%m-%d:%H:%M:%S",
+        level=level,
+    )
+
+    sys.exit(main(args))
--- a/scripts/layer_map_scraper/scraper.toml
+++ b/scripts/layer_map_scraper/scraper.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+interval_secs = 60
+environment = "prod"
+
+[[pageservers]]
+endpoint = "http://localhost:9898"
+what = [ "ALL" ]
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Christian Schwarz	9083f59fe8	handle missing timeline for what=tenant_id	2023-04-24 14:58:21 +02:00
Christian Schwarz	0c0b5dcb95	learnings from today	2023-03-13 19:05:02 +00:00
Christian Schwarz	76cc7d108e	more fixes, better logs	2023-02-13 18:05:55 +00:00
Christian Schwarz	04d1ee93df	fix	2023-02-13 18:01:43 +00:00
Christian Schwarz	cf2e356982	better warn message	2023-02-13 17:57:46 +00:00
Christian Schwarz	a4a38f1ebf	more indices	2023-02-13 18:54:49 +01:00
Christian Schwarz	cc1f4a691b	handle situation correctly if no previous scrape exists for a given timeline	2023-02-13 17:53:57 +00:00
Christian Schwarz	66220f7a6d	log when launching new tasks	2023-02-13 17:49:51 +00:00
Christian Schwarz	549ae82c8d	respect last scrape date in DB (XXX: need to make this work if DB is empty)	2023-02-13 17:48:47 +00:00
Christian Schwarz	f170aad625	limit connection pool size	2023-02-09 22:18:14 +00:00
Christian Schwarz	c129079b69	multiprocessing: one event loop per pageserver	2023-02-09 17:49:40 +01:00
Christian Schwarz	3098e5e314	prod fixups	2023-02-09 16:14:00 +00:00
Christian Schwarz	336127590e	deployment	2023-02-09 16:22:21 +01:00
Christian Schwarz	e0e86fc64f	support multiple pageservers	2023-02-09 16:15:12 +01:00
Christian Schwarz	9817efd225	schema: add some basic indices	2023-02-08 12:10:51 +01:00
Christian Schwarz	935c5208ec	pattern for downsampling	2023-02-08 11:34:56 +01:00
Christian Schwarz	a3369087d6	bugfixes	2023-02-08 11:01:12 +01:00
Christian Schwarz	0f85fc2e12	query for layer map changes over time	2023-02-08 10:53:41 +01:00
Christian Schwarz	183e97efb1	address minor review comments	2023-02-06 16:27:23 +01:00
Christian Schwarz	2d835f059d	new schema, remove old views, add new example queries, parse pageserver startup timestamp	2023-02-06 16:27:23 +01:00
Christian Schwarz	aa803c5720	script to scrape layer access stats How to use it on a pageserver, or, a machine that is running pageserver through `neon_local` 1. Create a postgres database from somewhere (not the pageserver you want to scrape). E.g., neon.tech. 2. Prepare a `scraper.env`, based on `scraper.env.example` 3. Perform the following steps ``` $ source scraper.env # load schema into your db $ ./pg_install/v14/bin/psql < scraper.db.schema.sql # start the scraper and watch log output $ poetry run python scraper.py ALL ``` Then watch the data pile up in the database, and do something useful with it in the future (TM).	2023-02-06 16:27:23 +01:00
Christian Schwarz	b6a4623a4b	maintain access stats for historic layers This patch adds basic access statistics for historic layers and exposes them in the management API's `LayerMapInfo`. We record the accesses in the `{Delta,Image}Layer::load()` function because it's the common path of * page_service (`Timline::get_reconstruct_data()`) * Compaction (`PersistentLayer::iter()` and `PersistentLayer::key_iter()`) The stats survive residence status changes, and record these as well. When scraping the layer map endpoint to record its evolution over time, one must account for stat resets because they are in-memory only and will reset on pageserver restart. Use the launch timestamp header added by (#3527) to identify pageserver restarts. This is PR https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/3496	2023-02-06 16:19:28 +01:00