Proxy release 2025-05-12 14:35 UTC

Proxy release 2025-05-06 09:47 UTC
Proxy release 2025/04/29 06:01 UTC
2026-05-27 01:50:38 +00:00 · 2025-05-12 14:35:27 +00:00 · 2025-05-06 09:47:48 +00:00 · 2025-04-29 06:01:28 +00:00 · 2025-04-22 06:02:06 +00:00 · 2025-04-15 06:01:10 +00:00
280 changed files with 5381 additions and 16224 deletions
--- a/.github/actions/neon-project-create/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/neon-project-create/action.yml
@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@ inputs:
    description: 'A JSON object with project settings'
    required: false
    default: '{}'
+  default_endpoint_settings:
+    description: 'A JSON object with the default endpoint settings'
+    required: false
+    default: '{}'

 outputs:
  dsn:
@@ -135,6 +139,21 @@ runs:
            -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer ${ADMIN_API_KEY}" \
            -d "{\"scheduling\": \"Essential\"}"
        fi
+        # XXX
+        # This is a workaround for the default endpoint settings, which currently do not allow some settings in the public API.
+        # https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/27108
+        if [[ -n ${DEFAULT_ENDPOINT_SETTINGS} && ${DEFAULT_ENDPOINT_SETTINGS} != "{}" ]] ; then
+          PROJECT_DATA=$(curl -X GET \
+              "https://${API_HOST}/regions/${REGION_ID}/api/v1/admin/projects/${project_id}" \
+              -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer ${ADMIN_API_KEY}" \
+              -d "{\"scheduling\": \"Essential\"}"
+          )
+          NEW_DEFAULT_ENDPOINT_SETTINGS=$(echo ${PROJECT_DATA} | jq -rc ".project.default_endpoint_settings + ${DEFAULT_ENDPOINT_SETTINGS}")
+          curl -X POST --fail \
+                "https://${API_HOST}/regions/${REGION_ID}/api/v1/admin/projects/${project_id}/default_endpoint_settings" \
+                -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer ${ADMIN_API_KEY}" \
+                --data "${NEW_DEFAULT_ENDPOINT_SETTINGS}"
+        fi
        

      env:
@@ -152,3 +171,4 @@ runs:
        PSQL: ${{ inputs.psql_path }}
        LD_LIBRARY_PATH: ${{ inputs.libpq_lib_path }}
        PROJECT_SETTINGS: ${{ inputs.project_settings }}
+        DEFAULT_ENDPOINT_SETTINGS: ${{ inputs.default_endpoint_settings }}
--- a/.github/workflows/_build-and-test-locally.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/_build-and-test-locally.yml
@@ -279,14 +279,18 @@ jobs:
          # run all non-pageserver tests
          ${cov_prefix} cargo nextest run $CARGO_FLAGS $CARGO_FEATURES -E '!package(pageserver)'

-          # run pageserver tests
-          # (When developing new pageserver features gated by config fields, we commonly make the rust
-          # unit tests sensitive to an environment variable NEON_PAGESERVER_UNIT_TEST_FEATURENAME.
-          # Then run the nextest invocation below for all relevant combinations. Singling out the
-          # pageserver tests from non-pageserver tests cuts down the time it takes for this CI step.)
-          NEON_PAGESERVER_UNIT_TEST_VIRTUAL_FILE_IOENGINE=tokio-epoll-uring  \
-          ${cov_prefix} \
-          cargo nextest run $CARGO_FLAGS $CARGO_FEATURES  -E 'package(pageserver)'
+          # run pageserver tests with different settings
+          for get_vectored_concurrent_io in sequential sidecar-task; do
+            for io_engine in std-fs tokio-epoll-uring ; do
+                for io_mode in buffered direct direct-rw ; do
+                  NEON_PAGESERVER_UNIT_TEST_GET_VECTORED_CONCURRENT_IO=$get_vectored_concurrent_io \
+                  NEON_PAGESERVER_UNIT_TEST_VIRTUAL_FILE_IOENGINE=$io_engine \
+                  NEON_PAGESERVER_UNIT_TEST_VIRTUAL_FILE_IO_MODE=$io_mode \
+                  ${cov_prefix} \
+                  cargo nextest run $CARGO_FLAGS $CARGO_FEATURES  -E 'package(pageserver)'
+              done
+            done
+          done

          # Run separate tests for real S3
          export ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE=nonempty
@@ -401,6 +405,8 @@ jobs:
          CHECK_ONDISK_DATA_COMPATIBILITY: nonempty
          BUILD_TAG: ${{ inputs.build-tag }}
          PAGESERVER_VIRTUAL_FILE_IO_ENGINE: tokio-epoll-uring
+          PAGESERVER_GET_VECTORED_CONCURRENT_IO: sidecar-task
+          PAGESERVER_VIRTUAL_FILE_IO_MODE: direct-rw
          USE_LFC: ${{ matrix.lfc_state == 'with-lfc' && 'true' || 'false' }}

      # Temporary disable this step until we figure out why it's so flaky
--- a/.github/workflows/build_and_test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_and_test.yml
@@ -314,8 +314,7 @@ jobs:
          test_selection: performance
          run_in_parallel: false
          save_perf_report: ${{ github.ref_name == 'main' }}
-          # test_pageserver_max_throughput_getpage_at_latest_lsn is run in separate workflow periodic_pagebench.yml because it needs snapshots
-          extra_params: --splits 5 --group ${{ matrix.pytest_split_group }} --ignore=test_runner/performance/pageserver/pagebench/test_pageserver_max_throughput_getpage_at_latest_lsn.py
+          extra_params: --splits 5 --group ${{ matrix.pytest_split_group }}
          benchmark_durations: ${{ needs.get-benchmarks-durations.outputs.json }}
          pg_version: v16
          aws-oidc-role-arn: ${{ vars.DEV_AWS_OIDC_ROLE_ARN }}
@@ -324,6 +323,8 @@ jobs:
          PERF_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: "${{ secrets.PERF_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR }}"
          TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: "${{ secrets.REGRESS_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR_NEW }}"
          PAGESERVER_VIRTUAL_FILE_IO_ENGINE: tokio-epoll-uring
+          PAGESERVER_GET_VECTORED_CONCURRENT_IO: sidecar-task
+          PAGESERVER_VIRTUAL_FILE_IO_MODE: direct-rw
          SYNC_BETWEEN_TESTS: true
      # XXX: no coverage data handling here, since benchmarks are run on release builds,
      # while coverage is currently collected for the debug ones
@@ -964,7 +965,7 @@ jobs:
          fi

      - name: Verify docker-compose example and test extensions
-        timeout-minutes: 60
+        timeout-minutes: 20
        env:
          TAG: >-
            ${{
--- a/.github/workflows/cloud-extensions.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cloud-extensions.yml
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
      matrix:
        pg-version: [16, 17]

-    runs-on: us-east-2
+    runs-on: [ self-hosted, small ]
    container:
      # We use the neon-test-extensions image here as it contains the source code for the extensions.
      image: ghcr.io/neondatabase/neon-test-extensions-v${{ matrix.pg-version }}:latest
@@ -71,7 +71,20 @@ jobs:
          region_id: ${{ inputs.region_id || 'aws-us-east-2' }}
          postgres_version: ${{ matrix.pg-version }}
          project_settings: ${{ steps.project-settings.outputs.settings }}
+          # We need these settings to get the expected output results.
+          # We cannot use the environment variables e.g. PGTZ due to
+          # https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/1287
+          default_endpoint_settings: >
+            {
+              "pg_settings": {
+                "DateStyle": "Postgres,MDY",
+                "TimeZone": "America/Los_Angeles",
+                "compute_query_id": "off",
+                "neon.allow_unstable_extensions": "on"
+              }
+            }
          api_key: ${{ secrets.NEON_STAGING_API_KEY }}
+          admin_api_key: ${{ secrets.NEON_STAGING_ADMIN_API_KEY }}

      - name: Run the regression tests
        run: /run-tests.sh -r /ext-src
--- a/.github/workflows/neon_extra_builds.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/neon_extra_builds.yml
@@ -63,10 +63,8 @@ jobs:

      - name: Filter out only v-string for build matrix
        id: postgres_changes
-        env:
-          CHANGES: ${{ steps.files_changed.outputs.changes }}
        run: |
-          v_strings_only_as_json_array=$(echo ${CHANGES} | jq '.[]|select(test("v\\d+"))' | jq --slurp -c)
+          v_strings_only_as_json_array=$(echo ${{ steps.files_changed.outputs.chnages }} | jq '.[]|select(test("v\\d+"))' | jq --slurp -c)
          echo "changes=${v_strings_only_as_json_array}" | tee -a "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"

  check-macos-build:
--- a/.github/workflows/periodic_pagebench.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/periodic_pagebench.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Periodic pagebench performance test on unit-perf hetzner runner
+name: Periodic pagebench performance test on dedicated EC2 machine in eu-central-1 region

 on:
  schedule:
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ on:
    #        │   │ ┌───────────── day of the month (1 - 31)
    #        │   │ │ ┌───────────── month (1 - 12 or JAN-DEC)
    #        │   │ │ │ ┌───────────── day of the week (0 - 6 or SUN-SAT)
-    - cron: '0 */4 * * *' # Runs every 4 hours
+    - cron: '0 */3 * * *' # Runs every 3 hours
  workflow_dispatch: # Allows manual triggering of the workflow
    inputs:
      commit_hash:
@@ -16,11 +16,6 @@ on:
        description: 'The long neon repo commit hash for the system under test (pageserver) to be tested.'
        required: false
        default: ''
-      recreate_snapshots:
-        type: boolean
-        description: 'Recreate snapshots - !!!WARNING!!! We should only recreate snapshots if the previous ones are no longer compatible. Otherwise benchmarking results are not comparable across runs.'
-        required: false
-        default: false

 defaults:
  run:
@@ -34,13 +29,13 @@ permissions:
  contents: read

 jobs:
-  run_periodic_pagebench_test:
+  trigger_bench_on_ec2_machine_in_eu_central_1:
    permissions:
      id-token: write # aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials
      statuses: write
      contents: write
      pull-requests: write
-    runs-on: [ self-hosted, unit-perf ]
+    runs-on: [ self-hosted, small ]
    container:
      image: ghcr.io/neondatabase/build-tools:pinned-bookworm
      credentials:
@@ -49,13 +44,10 @@ jobs:
      options: --init
    timeout-minutes: 360  # Set the timeout to 6 hours
    env:
+      API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PERIODIC_PAGEBENCH_EC2_RUNNER_API_KEY }}
      RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-      DEFAULT_PG_VERSION: 16
-      BUILD_TYPE: release
-      RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
-      # NEON_ENV_BUILDER_USE_OVERLAYFS_FOR_SNAPSHOTS: 1 - doesn't work without root in container
-      S3_BUCKET: neon-github-public-dev
-      PERF_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: "${{ secrets.PERF_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR }}"
+      AWS_DEFAULT_REGION : "eu-central-1"
+      AWS_INSTANCE_ID : "i-02a59a3bf86bc7e74"
    steps:
    # we don't need the neon source code because we run everything remotely
    # however we still need the local github actions to run the allure step below
@@ -64,194 +56,99 @@ jobs:
      with:
        egress-policy: audit

-    - name: Set up the environment which depends on $RUNNER_TEMP on nvme drive
-      id: set-env
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      run: |
-        {
-          echo "NEON_DIR=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon"
-          echo "NEON_BIN=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/bin"
-          echo "POSTGRES_DISTRIB_DIR=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/pg_install"
-          echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/pg_install/v${DEFAULT_PG_VERSION}/lib"
-          echo "BACKUP_DIR=${RUNNER_TEMP}/instance_store/saved_snapshots"
-          echo "TEST_OUTPUT=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/test_output"
-          echo "PERF_REPORT_DIR=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/test_output/perf-report-local"
-          echo "ALLURE_DIR=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/test_output/allure-results"
-          echo "ALLURE_RESULTS_DIR=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/test_output/allure-results/results"
-        } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+    - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2

-        echo "allure_results_dir=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/test_output/allure-results/results" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+    - name: Show my own (github runner) external IP address - usefull for IP allowlisting
+      run: curl https://ifconfig.me

-    - uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@e3dd6a429d7300a6a4c196c26e071d42e0343502 # v4.0.2
+    - name: Assume AWS OIDC role that allows to manage (start/stop/describe... EC machine)
+      uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@e3dd6a429d7300a6a4c196c26e071d42e0343502 # v4.0.2
      with:
        aws-region: eu-central-1
-        role-to-assume: ${{ vars.DEV_AWS_OIDC_ROLE_ARN }}
-        role-duration-seconds: 18000 # max 5 hours (needed in case commit hash is still being built)
+        role-to-assume: ${{ vars.DEV_AWS_OIDC_ROLE_MANAGE_BENCHMARK_EC2_VMS_ARN }}
+        role-duration-seconds: 3600
+
+    - name: Start EC2 instance and wait for the instance to boot up
+      run: |
+        aws ec2 start-instances --instance-ids $AWS_INSTANCE_ID
+        aws ec2 wait instance-running --instance-ids $AWS_INSTANCE_ID
+        sleep 60 # sleep some time to allow cloudinit and our API server to start up
+
+    - name: Determine public IP of the EC2 instance and set env variable EC2_MACHINE_URL_US
+      run: |
+        public_ip=$(aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids $AWS_INSTANCE_ID --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].PublicIpAddress' --output text)
+        echo "Public IP of the EC2 instance: $public_ip"
+        echo "EC2_MACHINE_URL_US=https://${public_ip}:8443" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
    - name: Determine commit hash
-      id: commit_hash
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
      env:
        INPUT_COMMIT_HASH: ${{ github.event.inputs.commit_hash }}
      run: |
-        if [[ -z "${INPUT_COMMIT_HASH}" ]]; then
-          COMMIT_HASH=$(curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/neondatabase/neon/commits/main | jq -r '.sha')
-          echo "COMMIT_HASH=$COMMIT_HASH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "commit_hash=$COMMIT_HASH" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        if [ -z "$INPUT_COMMIT_HASH" ]; then
+          echo "COMMIT_HASH=$(curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/neondatabase/neon/commits/main | jq -r '.sha')" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          echo "COMMIT_HASH_TYPE=latest" >> $GITHUB_ENV
        else
-          COMMIT_HASH="${INPUT_COMMIT_HASH}"
-          echo "COMMIT_HASH=$COMMIT_HASH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "commit_hash=$COMMIT_HASH" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "COMMIT_HASH=$INPUT_COMMIT_HASH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          echo "COMMIT_HASH_TYPE=manual" >> $GITHUB_ENV
        fi
-    - name: Checkout the neon repository at given commit hash
-      uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-      with:
-        ref: ${{ steps.commit_hash.outputs.commit_hash }}

-    # does not reuse ./.github/actions/download because we need to download the artifact for the given commit hash
-    # example artifact
-    # s3://neon-github-public-dev/artifacts/48b870bc078bd2c450eb7b468e743b9c118549bf/15036827400/1/neon-Linux-X64-release-artifact.tar.zst /instance_store/artifacts/neon-Linux-release-artifact.tar.zst
-    - name: Determine artifact S3_KEY for given commit hash and download and extract artifact
-      id: artifact_prefix
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      env:
-        ARCHIVE: ${{ runner.temp }}/downloads/neon-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-release-artifact.tar.zst
-        COMMIT_HASH: ${{ env.COMMIT_HASH }}
-        COMMIT_HASH_TYPE: ${{ env.COMMIT_HASH_TYPE }}
+    - name: Start Bench with run_id
      run: |
-        attempt=0
-        max_attempts=24 # 5 minutes * 24 = 2 hours
+        curl -k -X 'POST' \
+        "${EC2_MACHINE_URL_US}/start_test/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" \
+        -H 'accept: application/json' \
+        -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
+        -H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY" \
+        -d "{\"neonRepoCommitHash\": \"${COMMIT_HASH}\", \"neonRepoCommitHashType\": \"${COMMIT_HASH_TYPE}\"}"

-        while [[ $attempt -lt $max_attempts ]]; do
-          # the following command will fail until the artifacts are available ...
-          S3_KEY=$(aws s3api list-objects-v2 --bucket "$S3_BUCKET" --prefix "artifacts/$COMMIT_HASH/" \
-            | jq -r '.Contents[]?.Key' \
-            | grep "neon-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-release-artifact.tar.zst" \
-            | sort --version-sort \
-            | tail -1) || true # ... thus ignore errors from the command
-          if [[ -n "${S3_KEY}" ]]; then
-            echo "Artifact found: $S3_KEY"
-            echo "S3_KEY=$S3_KEY" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+    - name: Poll Test Status
+      id: poll_step
+      run: |
+        status=""
+        while [[ "$status" != "failure" && "$status" != "success" ]]; do
+          response=$(curl -k -X 'GET' \
+          "${EC2_MACHINE_URL_US}/test_status/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" \
+          -H 'accept: application/json' \
+          -H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY")
+          echo "Response: $response"
+          set +x
+          status=$(echo $response | jq -r '.status')
+          echo "Test status: $status"
+          if [[ "$status" == "failure" ]]; then
+            echo "Test failed"
+            exit 1 # Fail the job step if status is failure
+          elif [[ "$status" == "success" || "$status" == "null" ]]; then
            break
+          elif [[ "$status" == "too_many_runs" ]]; then
+            echo "Too many runs already running"
+            echo "too_many_runs=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            exit 1
          fi
-          
-          # Increment attempt counter and sleep for 5 minutes
-          attempt=$((attempt + 1))
-          echo "Attempt $attempt of $max_attempts to find artifacts in S3 bucket s3://$S3_BUCKET/artifacts/$COMMIT_HASH failed. Retrying in 5 minutes..."
-          sleep 300 # Sleep for 5 minutes
+
+          sleep 60 # Poll every 60 seconds
        done

-        if [[ -z "${S3_KEY}" ]]; then
-          echo "Error: artifact not found in S3 bucket s3://$S3_BUCKET/artifacts/$COMMIT_HASH" after 2 hours
-        else
-          mkdir -p $(dirname $ARCHIVE)
-          time aws s3 cp --only-show-errors s3://$S3_BUCKET/${S3_KEY} ${ARCHIVE}
-          mkdir -p ${NEON_DIR}
-          time tar -xf ${ARCHIVE} -C ${NEON_DIR}
-          rm -f ${ARCHIVE}
-        fi
-
-    - name: Download snapshots from S3
-      if: ${{ github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event.inputs.recreate_snapshots == 'false' || github.event.inputs.recreate_snapshots == '' }}
-      id: download_snapshots
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+    - name: Retrieve Test Logs
+      if: always() && steps.poll_step.outputs.too_many_runs != 'true'
      run: |
-        # Download the snapshots from S3
-        mkdir -p ${TEST_OUTPUT}
-        mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
-        cd $BACKUP_DIR
-        mkdir parts
-        cd parts
-        PART=$(aws s3api list-objects-v2 --bucket $S3_BUCKET --prefix performance/pagebench/ \
-          | jq -r '.Contents[]?.Key' \
-          | grep -E 'shared-snapshots-[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}' \
-          | sort \
-          | tail -1)
-        echo "Latest PART: $PART"
-        if [[ -z "$PART" ]]; then
-          echo "ERROR: No matching S3 key found" >&2
-          exit 1
-        fi
-        S3_KEY=$(dirname $PART)
-        time aws s3 cp --only-show-errors --recursive s3://${S3_BUCKET}/$S3_KEY/ .
-        cd $TEST_OUTPUT
-        time cat $BACKUP_DIR/parts/* | zstdcat | tar --extract --preserve-permissions
-        rm -rf ${BACKUP_DIR}
+        curl -k -X 'GET' \
+        "${EC2_MACHINE_URL_US}/test_log/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" \
+        -H 'accept: application/gzip' \
+        -H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY" \
+        --output "test_log_${GITHUB_RUN_ID}.gz"

-    - name: Cache poetry deps
-      uses: actions/cache@v4
-      with:
-        path: ~/.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs
-        key: v2-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-python-deps-bookworm-${{ hashFiles('poetry.lock') }}
-
-    - name: Install Python deps
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      run: ./scripts/pysync
-
-    # we need high number of open files for pagebench
-    - name: show ulimits
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+    - name: Unzip Test Log and Print it into this job's log
+      if: always() && steps.poll_step.outputs.too_many_runs != 'true'
      run: |
-        ulimit -a
-
-    - name: Run pagebench testcase
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      env:
-        CI: false  # need to override this env variable set by github to enforce using snapshots
-      run: |
-        export PLATFORM=hetzner-unit-perf-${COMMIT_HASH_TYPE}
-        # report the commit hash of the neon repository in the revision of the test results
-        export GITHUB_SHA=${COMMIT_HASH}
-        rm -rf ${PERF_REPORT_DIR}
-        rm -rf ${ALLURE_RESULTS_DIR}
-        mkdir -p ${PERF_REPORT_DIR}
-        mkdir -p ${ALLURE_RESULTS_DIR}
-        PARAMS="--alluredir=${ALLURE_RESULTS_DIR} --tb=short --verbose -rA"
-        EXTRA_PARAMS="--out-dir ${PERF_REPORT_DIR} --durations-path $TEST_OUTPUT/benchmark_durations.json"
-        # run only two selected tests
-        # environment set by parent:
-        # RUST_BACKTRACE=1 DEFAULT_PG_VERSION=16 BUILD_TYPE=release
-        ./scripts/pytest ${PARAMS} test_runner/performance/pageserver/pagebench/test_pageserver_max_throughput_getpage_at_latest_lsn.py::test_pageserver_characterize_throughput_with_n_tenants ${EXTRA_PARAMS}
-        ./scripts/pytest ${PARAMS} test_runner/performance/pageserver/pagebench/test_pageserver_max_throughput_getpage_at_latest_lsn.py::test_pageserver_characterize_latencies_with_1_client_and_throughput_with_many_clients_one_tenant ${EXTRA_PARAMS}
-
-    - name: upload the performance metrics to the Neon performance database which is used by grafana dashboards to display the results
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      run: |
-        export REPORT_FROM="$PERF_REPORT_DIR"
-        export GITHUB_SHA=${COMMIT_HASH}
-        time ./scripts/generate_and_push_perf_report.sh
-
-    - name: Upload test results
-      if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
-      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report-store
-      with:
-        report-dir:  ${{ steps.set-env.outputs.allure_results_dir }}
-        unique-key: ${{ env.BUILD_TYPE }}-${{ env.DEFAULT_PG_VERSION }}-${{ runner.arch }}
-        aws-oidc-role-arn:  ${{ vars.DEV_AWS_OIDC_ROLE_ARN }}
+        gzip -d "test_log_${GITHUB_RUN_ID}.gz"
+        cat "test_log_${GITHUB_RUN_ID}"

    - name: Create Allure report
-      id: create-allure-report
      if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report-generate
      with:
        aws-oidc-role-arn: ${{ vars.DEV_AWS_OIDC_ROLE_ARN }}

-    - name: Upload snapshots
-      if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.recreate_snapshots != 'false' && github.event.inputs.recreate_snapshots != '' }}
-      id: upload_snapshots
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      run: |
-        mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
-        cd $TEST_OUTPUT
-        tar --create --preserve-permissions --file - shared-snapshots | zstd -o $BACKUP_DIR/shared_snapshots.tar.zst
-        cd $BACKUP_DIR
-        mkdir parts
-        split -b 1G shared_snapshots.tar.zst ./parts/shared_snapshots.tar.zst.part.
-        SNAPSHOT_DATE=$(date +%F)  # YYYY-MM-DD
-        cd parts
-        time aws s3 cp --recursive . s3://${S3_BUCKET}/performance/pagebench/shared-snapshots-${SNAPSHOT_DATE}/
-
    - name: Post to a Slack channel
      if: ${{ github.event.schedule && failure() }}
      uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@fcfb566f8b0aab22203f066d80ca1d7e4b5d05b3 # v1.27.1
@@ -260,22 +157,26 @@ jobs:
        slack-message: "Periodic pagebench testing on dedicated hardware: ${{ job.status }}\n${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"
      env:
        SLACK_BOT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BOT_TOKEN }}
-        
+
    - name: Cleanup Test Resources
      if: always()
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      env:
-        ARCHIVE: ${{ runner.temp }}/downloads/neon-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-release-artifact.tar.zst
      run: |
-        # Cleanup the test resources
-        if [[ -d "${BACKUP_DIR}" ]]; then
-          rm -rf ${BACKUP_DIR}
-        fi
-        if [[ -d "${TEST_OUTPUT}" ]]; then
-          rm -rf ${TEST_OUTPUT}
-        fi
-        if [[ -d "${NEON_DIR}" ]]; then
-          rm -rf ${NEON_DIR}
-        fi
-        rm -rf $(dirname $ARCHIVE)
+        curl -k -X 'POST' \
+        "${EC2_MACHINE_URL_US}/cleanup_test/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" \
+        -H 'accept: application/json' \
+        -H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY" \
+        -d ''

+    - name: Assume AWS OIDC role that allows to manage (start/stop/describe... EC machine)
+      if: always() && steps.poll_step.outputs.too_many_runs != 'true'
+      uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@e3dd6a429d7300a6a4c196c26e071d42e0343502 # v4.0.2
+      with:
+        aws-region: eu-central-1
+        role-to-assume: ${{ vars.DEV_AWS_OIDC_ROLE_MANAGE_BENCHMARK_EC2_VMS_ARN }}
+        role-duration-seconds: 3600
+
+    - name: Stop EC2 instance and wait for the instance to be stopped
+      if: always() && steps.poll_step.outputs.too_many_runs != 'true'
+      run: |
+        aws ec2 stop-instances --instance-ids $AWS_INSTANCE_ID
+        aws ec2 wait instance-stopped --instance-ids $AWS_INSTANCE_ID
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1112,12 +1112,6 @@ version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"

-[[package]]
-name = "cfg_aliases"
-version = "0.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "613afe47fcd5fac7ccf1db93babcb082c5994d996f20b8b159f2ad1658eb5724"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "cgroups-rs"
 version = "0.3.3"
@@ -1276,7 +1270,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "chrono",
- "indexmap 2.9.0",
+ "indexmap 2.0.1",
 "jsonwebtoken",
 "regex",
 "remote_storage",
@@ -1308,11 +1302,11 @@ dependencies = [
 "flate2",
 "futures",
 "http 1.1.0",
- "indexmap 2.9.0",
+ "indexmap 2.0.1",
 "itertools 0.10.5",
 "jsonwebtoken",
 "metrics",
- "nix 0.30.1",
+ "nix 0.27.1",
 "notify",
 "num_cpus",
 "once_cell",
@@ -1435,7 +1429,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "humantime-serde",
 "hyper 0.14.30",
 "jsonwebtoken",
- "nix 0.30.1",
+ "nix 0.27.1",
 "once_cell",
 "pageserver_api",
 "pageserver_client",
@@ -2597,7 +2591,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "futures-sink",
 "futures-util",
 "http 0.2.9",
- "indexmap 2.9.0",
+ "indexmap 2.0.1",
 "slab",
 "tokio",
 "tokio-util",
@@ -2616,7 +2610,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "futures-sink",
 "futures-util",
 "http 1.1.0",
- "indexmap 2.9.0",
+ "indexmap 2.0.1",
 "slab",
 "tokio",
 "tokio-util",
@@ -2863,14 +2857,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "pprof",
 "regex",
 "routerify",
- "rustls 0.23.27",
+ "rustls 0.23.18",
 "rustls-pemfile 2.1.1",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
 "serde_path_to_error",
 "thiserror 1.0.69",
 "tokio",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
 "tokio-stream",
 "tokio-util",
 "tracing",
@@ -3200,12 +3194,12 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
-version = "2.9.0"
+version = "2.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cea70ddb795996207ad57735b50c5982d8844f38ba9ee5f1aedcfb708a2aa11e"
+checksum = "ad227c3af19d4914570ad36d30409928b75967c298feb9ea1969db3a610bb14e"
 dependencies = [
 "equivalent",
- "hashbrown 0.15.2",
+ "hashbrown 0.14.5",
 "serde",
 ]

@@ -3228,7 +3222,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "232929e1d75fe899576a3d5c7416ad0d88dbfbb3c3d6aa00873a7408a50ddb88"
 dependencies = [
 "ahash",
- "indexmap 2.9.0",
+ "indexmap 2.0.1",
 "is-terminal",
 "itoa",
 "log",
@@ -3251,7 +3245,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "crossbeam-utils",
 "dashmap 6.1.0",
 "env_logger",
- "indexmap 2.9.0",
+ "indexmap 2.0.1",
 "itoa",
 "log",
 "num-format",
@@ -3518,9 +3512,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.172"
+version = "0.2.169"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d750af042f7ef4f724306de029d18836c26c1765a54a6a3f094cbd23a7267ffa"
+checksum = "b5aba8db14291edd000dfcc4d620c7ebfb122c613afb886ca8803fa4e128a20a"

 [[package]]
 name = "libloading"
@@ -3794,16 +3788,6 @@ version = "0.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e5ce46fe64a9d73be07dcbe690a38ce1b293be448fd8ce1e6c1b8062c9f72c6a"

-[[package]]
-name = "neon-shmem"
-version = "0.1.0"
-dependencies = [
- "nix 0.30.1",
- "tempfile",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
- "workspace_hack",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "never-say-never"
 version = "6.6.666"
@@ -3837,13 +3821,12 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "nix"
-version = "0.30.1"
+version = "0.27.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "74523f3a35e05aba87a1d978330aef40f67b0304ac79c1c00b294c9830543db6"
+checksum = "2eb04e9c688eff1c89d72b407f168cf79bb9e867a9d3323ed6c01519eb9cc053"
 dependencies = [
 "bitflags 2.8.0",
 "cfg-if",
- "cfg_aliases",
 "libc",
 "memoffset 0.9.0",
 ]
@@ -3898,16 +3881,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "winapi",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "nu-ansi-term"
-version = "0.46.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77a8165726e8236064dbb45459242600304b42a5ea24ee2948e18e023bf7ba84"
-dependencies = [
- "overload",
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "num"
 version = "0.4.1"
@@ -4112,7 +4085,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "opentelemetry-http",
 "opentelemetry-proto",
 "opentelemetry_sdk",
- "prost 0.13.5",
+ "prost 0.13.3",
 "reqwest",
 "thiserror 1.0.69",
 ]
@@ -4125,8 +4098,8 @@ checksum = "a6e05acbfada5ec79023c85368af14abd0b307c015e9064d249b2a950ef459a6"
 dependencies = [
 "opentelemetry",
 "opentelemetry_sdk",
- "prost 0.13.5",
- "tonic 0.12.3",
+ "prost 0.13.3",
+ "tonic",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -4192,12 +4165,6 @@ version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4030760ffd992bef45b0ae3f10ce1aba99e33464c90d14dd7c039884963ddc7a"

-[[package]]
-name = "overload"
-version = "0.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b15813163c1d831bf4a13c3610c05c0d03b39feb07f7e09fa234dac9b15aaf39"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "p256"
 version = "0.11.1"
@@ -4236,7 +4203,6 @@ name = "pagebench"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
- "async-trait",
 "camino",
 "clap",
 "futures",
@@ -4245,15 +4211,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "humantime-serde",
 "pageserver_api",
 "pageserver_client",
- "pageserver_page_api",
 "rand 0.8.5",
 "reqwest",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
 "tokio",
- "tokio-stream",
 "tokio-util",
- "tonic 0.13.1",
 "tracing",
 "utils",
 "workspace_hack",
@@ -4306,10 +4269,8 @@ dependencies = [
 "enumset",
 "fail",
 "futures",
- "hashlink",
 "hex",
 "hex-literal",
- "http 1.1.0",
 "http-utils",
 "humantime",
 "humantime-serde",
@@ -4319,14 +4280,13 @@ dependencies = [
 "jsonwebtoken",
 "md5",
 "metrics",
- "nix 0.30.1",
+ "nix 0.27.1",
 "num-traits",
 "num_cpus",
 "once_cell",
 "pageserver_api",
 "pageserver_client",
 "pageserver_compaction",
- "pageserver_page_api",
 "pem",
 "pin-project-lite",
 "postgres-protocol",
@@ -4335,7 +4295,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "postgres_connection",
 "postgres_ffi",
 "postgres_initdb",
- "posthog_client_lite",
 "pprof",
 "pq_proto",
 "procfs",
@@ -4346,7 +4305,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "reqwest",
 "rpds",
 "rstest",
- "rustls 0.23.27",
+ "rustls 0.23.18",
 "scopeguard",
 "send-future",
 "serde",
@@ -4365,17 +4324,13 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio-epoll-uring",
 "tokio-io-timeout",
 "tokio-postgres",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
 "tokio-stream",
 "tokio-tar",
 "tokio-util",
 "toml_edit",
- "tonic 0.13.1",
- "tonic-reflection",
- "tower 0.5.2",
 "tracing",
 "tracing-utils",
- "twox-hash",
 "url",
 "utils",
 "uuid",
@@ -4400,7 +4355,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "humantime",
 "humantime-serde",
 "itertools 0.10.5",
- "nix 0.30.1",
+ "nix 0.27.1",
 "once_cell",
 "postgres_backend",
 "postgres_ffi",
@@ -4461,21 +4416,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "workspace_hack",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "pageserver_page_api"
-version = "0.1.0"
-dependencies = [
- "bytes",
- "pageserver_api",
- "postgres_ffi",
- "prost 0.13.5",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
- "tonic 0.13.1",
- "tonic-build",
- "utils",
- "workspace_hack",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "papaya"
 version = "0.2.1"
@@ -4852,14 +4792,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "bytes",
 "once_cell",
 "pq_proto",
- "rustls 0.23.27",
+ "rustls 0.23.18",
 "rustls-pemfile 2.1.1",
 "serde",
 "thiserror 1.0.69",
 "tokio",
 "tokio-postgres",
 "tokio-postgres-rustls",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
 "tokio-util",
 "tracing",
 ]
@@ -4908,24 +4848,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "workspace_hack",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "posthog_client_lite"
-version = "0.1.0"
-dependencies = [
- "anyhow",
- "arc-swap",
- "reqwest",
- "serde",
- "serde_json",
- "sha2",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
- "tokio",
- "tokio-util",
- "tracing",
- "tracing-utils",
- "workspace_hack",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "powerfmt"
 version = "0.2.0"
@@ -4971,7 +4893,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "inferno 0.12.0",
 "num",
 "paste",
- "prost 0.13.5",
+ "prost 0.13.3",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -5076,12 +4998,12 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "prost"
-version = "0.13.5"
+version = "0.13.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2796faa41db3ec313a31f7624d9286acf277b52de526150b7e69f3debf891ee5"
+checksum = "7b0487d90e047de87f984913713b85c601c05609aad5b0df4b4573fbf69aa13f"
 dependencies = [
 "bytes",
- "prost-derive 0.13.5",
+ "prost-derive 0.13.3",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -5119,7 +5041,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "once_cell",
 "petgraph",
 "prettyplease",
- "prost 0.13.5",
+ "prost 0.13.3",
 "prost-types 0.13.3",
 "regex",
 "syn 2.0.100",
@@ -5141,9 +5063,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "prost-derive"
-version = "0.13.5"
+version = "0.13.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8a56d757972c98b346a9b766e3f02746cde6dd1cd1d1d563472929fdd74bec4d"
+checksum = "e9552f850d5f0964a4e4d0bf306459ac29323ddfbae05e35a7c0d35cb0803cc5"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "itertools 0.12.1",
@@ -5167,7 +5089,7 @@ version = "0.13.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4759aa0d3a6232fb8dbdb97b61de2c20047c68aca932c7ed76da9d788508d670"
 dependencies = [
- "prost 0.13.5",
+ "prost 0.13.3",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -5215,7 +5137,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "hyper 0.14.30",
 "hyper 1.4.1",
 "hyper-util",
- "indexmap 2.9.0",
+ "indexmap 2.0.1",
 "ipnet",
 "itertools 0.10.5",
 "itoa",
@@ -5249,7 +5171,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "rsa",
 "rstest",
 "rustc-hash 1.1.0",
- "rustls 0.23.27",
+ "rustls 0.23.18",
 "rustls-native-certs 0.8.0",
 "rustls-pemfile 2.1.1",
 "scopeguard",
@@ -5268,14 +5190,13 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio",
 "tokio-postgres",
 "tokio-postgres2",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
 "tokio-tungstenite 0.21.0",
 "tokio-util",
 "tracing",
 "tracing-log",
 "tracing-opentelemetry",
 "tracing-subscriber",
- "tracing-test",
 "tracing-utils",
 "try-lock",
 "typed-json",
@@ -5492,13 +5413,13 @@ dependencies = [
 "num-bigint",
 "percent-encoding",
 "pin-project-lite",
- "rustls 0.23.27",
+ "rustls 0.23.18",
 "rustls-native-certs 0.8.0",
 "ryu",
 "sha1_smol",
 "socket2",
 "tokio",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
 "tokio-util",
 "url",
 ]
@@ -5946,15 +5867,15 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "rustls"
-version = "0.23.27"
+version = "0.23.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "730944ca083c1c233a75c09f199e973ca499344a2b7ba9e755c457e86fb4a321"
+checksum = "9c9cc1d47e243d655ace55ed38201c19ae02c148ae56412ab8750e8f0166ab7f"
 dependencies = [
 "log",
 "once_cell",
 "ring",
 "rustls-pki-types",
- "rustls-webpki 0.103.3",
+ "rustls-webpki 0.102.8",
 "subtle",
 "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -6043,17 +5964,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "untrusted",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "rustls-webpki"
-version = "0.103.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e4a72fe2bcf7a6ac6fd7d0b9e5cb68aeb7d4c0a0271730218b3e92d43b4eb435"
-dependencies = [
- "ring",
- "rustls-pki-types",
- "untrusted",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rustversion"
 version = "1.0.12"
@@ -6105,7 +6015,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "regex",
 "remote_storage",
 "reqwest",
- "rustls 0.23.27",
+ "rustls 0.23.18",
 "safekeeper_api",
 "safekeeper_client",
 "scopeguard",
@@ -6122,7 +6032,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio",
 "tokio-io-timeout",
 "tokio-postgres",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
 "tokio-stream",
 "tokio-tar",
 "tokio-util",
@@ -6294,7 +6204,7 @@ checksum = "255914a8e53822abd946e2ce8baa41d4cded6b8e938913b7f7b9da5b7ab44335"
 dependencies = [
 "httpdate",
 "reqwest",
- "rustls 0.23.27",
+ "rustls 0.23.18",
 "sentry-backtrace",
 "sentry-contexts",
 "sentry-core",
@@ -6723,11 +6633,11 @@ dependencies = [
 "metrics",
 "once_cell",
 "parking_lot 0.12.1",
- "prost 0.13.5",
- "rustls 0.23.27",
+ "prost 0.13.3",
+ "rustls 0.23.18",
 "tokio",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
- "tonic 0.13.1",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
+ "tonic",
 "tonic-build",
 "tracing",
 "utils",
@@ -6769,7 +6679,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "regex",
 "reqwest",
 "routerify",
- "rustls 0.23.27",
+ "rustls 0.23.18",
 "rustls-native-certs 0.8.0",
 "safekeeper_api",
 "safekeeper_client",
@@ -6784,7 +6694,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio",
 "tokio-postgres",
 "tokio-postgres-rustls",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
 "tokio-util",
 "tracing",
 "utils",
@@ -6822,7 +6732,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "postgres_ffi",
 "remote_storage",
 "reqwest",
- "rustls 0.23.27",
+ "rustls 0.23.18",
 "rustls-native-certs 0.8.0",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
@@ -7356,10 +7266,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "04fb792ccd6bbcd4bba408eb8a292f70fc4a3589e5d793626f45190e6454b6ab"
 dependencies = [
 "ring",
- "rustls 0.23.27",
+ "rustls 0.23.18",
 "tokio",
 "tokio-postgres",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
 "x509-certificate",
 ]

@@ -7403,11 +7313,12 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-rustls"
-version = "0.26.2"
+version = "0.26.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8e727b36a1a0e8b74c376ac2211e40c2c8af09fb4013c60d910495810f008e9b"
+checksum = "0c7bc40d0e5a97695bb96e27995cd3a08538541b0a846f65bba7a359f36700d4"
 dependencies = [
- "rustls 0.23.27",
+ "rustls 0.23.18",
+ "rustls-pki-types",
 "tokio",
 ]

@@ -7505,7 +7416,7 @@ version = "0.22.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f21c7aaf97f1bd9ca9d4f9e73b0a6c74bd5afef56f2bc931943a6e1c37e04e38"
 dependencies = [
- "indexmap 2.9.0",
+ "indexmap 2.0.1",
 "serde",
 "serde_spanned",
 "toml_datetime",
@@ -7524,41 +7435,18 @@ dependencies = [
 "http 1.1.0",
 "http-body 1.0.0",
 "http-body-util",
- "percent-encoding",
- "pin-project",
- "prost 0.13.5",
- "tokio-stream",
- "tower-layer",
- "tower-service",
- "tracing",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "tonic"
-version = "0.13.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7e581ba15a835f4d9ea06c55ab1bd4dce26fc53752c69a04aac00703bfb49ba9"
-dependencies = [
- "async-trait",
- "axum",
- "base64 0.22.1",
- "bytes",
- "h2 0.4.4",
- "http 1.1.0",
- "http-body 1.0.0",
- "http-body-util",
 "hyper 1.4.1",
 "hyper-timeout",
 "hyper-util",
 "percent-encoding",
 "pin-project",
- "prost 0.13.5",
+ "prost 0.13.3",
 "rustls-native-certs 0.8.0",
- "socket2",
+ "rustls-pemfile 2.1.1",
 "tokio",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
 "tokio-stream",
- "tower 0.5.2",
+ "tower 0.4.13",
 "tower-layer",
 "tower-service",
 "tracing",
@@ -7566,9 +7454,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tonic-build"
-version = "0.13.1"
+version = "0.12.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eac6f67be712d12f0b41328db3137e0d0757645d8904b4cb7d51cd9c2279e847"
+checksum = "9557ce109ea773b399c9b9e5dca39294110b74f1f342cb347a80d1fce8c26a11"
 dependencies = [
 "prettyplease",
 "proc-macro2",
@@ -7578,19 +7466,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "syn 2.0.100",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "tonic-reflection"
-version = "0.13.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f9687bd5bfeafebdded2356950f278bba8226f0b32109537c4253406e09aafe1"
-dependencies = [
- "prost 0.13.5",
- "prost-types 0.13.3",
- "tokio",
- "tokio-stream",
- "tonic 0.13.1",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "tower"
 version = "0.4.13"
@@ -7599,11 +7474,16 @@ checksum = "b8fa9be0de6cf49e536ce1851f987bd21a43b771b09473c3549a6c853db37c1c"
 dependencies = [
 "futures-core",
 "futures-util",
+ "indexmap 1.9.3",
 "pin-project",
 "pin-project-lite",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
+ "slab",
 "tokio",
+ "tokio-util",
 "tower-layer",
 "tower-service",
+ "tracing",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -7614,12 +7494,9 @@ checksum = "d039ad9159c98b70ecfd540b2573b97f7f52c3e8d9f8ad57a24b916a536975f9"
 dependencies = [
 "futures-core",
 "futures-util",
- "indexmap 2.9.0",
 "pin-project-lite",
- "slab",
 "sync_wrapper 1.0.1",
 "tokio",
- "tokio-util",
 "tower-layer",
 "tower-service",
 "tracing",
@@ -7770,7 +7647,6 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e8189decb5ac0fa7bc8b96b7cb9b2701d60d48805aca84a238004d665fcc4008"
 dependencies = [
 "matchers",
- "nu-ansi-term",
 "once_cell",
 "regex",
 "serde",
@@ -7784,27 +7660,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "tracing-serde",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "tracing-test"
-version = "0.2.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "557b891436fe0d5e0e363427fc7f217abf9ccd510d5136549847bdcbcd011d68"
-dependencies = [
- "tracing-core",
- "tracing-subscriber",
- "tracing-test-macro",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "tracing-test-macro"
-version = "0.2.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "04659ddb06c87d233c566112c1c9c5b9e98256d9af50ec3bc9c8327f873a7568"
-dependencies = [
- "quote",
- "syn 2.0.100",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-utils"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -7947,7 +7802,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "base64 0.22.1",
 "log",
 "once_cell",
- "rustls 0.23.27",
+ "rustls 0.23.18",
 "rustls-pki-types",
 "url",
 "webpki-roots",
@@ -8030,7 +7885,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "humantime",
 "jsonwebtoken",
 "metrics",
- "nix 0.30.1",
+ "nix 0.27.1",
 "once_cell",
 "pem",
 "pin-project-lite",
@@ -8142,7 +7997,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "pageserver_api",
 "postgres_ffi",
 "pprof",
- "prost 0.13.5",
+ "prost 0.13.3",
 "remote_storage",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
@@ -8562,8 +8417,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "ahash",
 "anstream",
 "anyhow",
- "axum",
- "axum-core",
 "base64 0.13.1",
 "base64 0.21.7",
 "base64ct",
@@ -8598,14 +8451,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "hyper 0.14.30",
 "hyper 1.4.1",
 "hyper-util",
- "indexmap 2.9.0",
+ "indexmap 1.9.3",
+ "indexmap 2.0.1",
 "itertools 0.12.1",
 "lazy_static",
 "libc",
 "log",
 "memchr",
 "nix 0.26.4",
- "nix 0.30.1",
 "nom",
 "num",
 "num-bigint",
@@ -8619,16 +8472,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "parquet",
 "prettyplease",
 "proc-macro2",
- "prost 0.13.5",
+ "prost 0.13.3",
 "quote",
 "rand 0.8.5",
 "regex",
 "regex-automata 0.4.3",
 "regex-syntax 0.8.2",
 "reqwest",
- "rustls 0.23.27",
+ "rustls 0.23.18",
 "rustls-pki-types",
- "rustls-webpki 0.103.3",
+ "rustls-webpki 0.102.8",
 "scopeguard",
 "sec1 0.7.3",
 "serde",
@@ -8646,15 +8499,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "time",
 "time-macros",
 "tokio",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
 "tokio-stream",
 "tokio-util",
 "toml_edit",
- "tower 0.5.2",
+ "tonic",
+ "tower 0.4.13",
 "tracing",
 "tracing-core",
 "tracing-log",
- "tracing-subscriber",
 "url",
 "uuid",
 "zeroize",
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ members = [
    "pageserver/ctl",
    "pageserver/client",
    "pageserver/pagebench",
-    "pageserver/page_api",
    "proxy",
    "safekeeper",
    "safekeeper/client",
@@ -24,11 +23,9 @@ members = [
    "libs/postgres_ffi",
    "libs/safekeeper_api",
    "libs/desim",
-    "libs/neon-shmem",
    "libs/utils",
    "libs/consumption_metrics",
    "libs/postgres_backend",
-    "libs/posthog_client_lite",
    "libs/pq_proto",
    "libs/tenant_size_model",
    "libs/metrics",
@@ -129,7 +126,7 @@ md5 = "0.7.0"
 measured = { version = "0.0.22", features=["lasso"] }
 measured-process = { version = "0.0.22" }
 memoffset = "0.9"
-nix = { version = "0.30.1", features = ["dir", "fs", "mman", "process", "socket", "signal", "poll"] }
+nix = { version = "0.27", features = ["dir", "fs", "process", "socket", "signal", "poll"] }
 # Do not update to >= 7.0.0, at least. The update will have a significant impact
 # on compute startup metrics (start_postgres_ms), >= 25% degradation.
 notify = "6.0.0"
@@ -149,7 +146,7 @@ pin-project-lite = "0.2"
 pprof = { version = "0.14", features = ["criterion", "flamegraph", "frame-pointer", "prost-codec"] }
 procfs = "0.16"
 prometheus = {version = "0.13", default-features=false, features = ["process"]} # removes protobuf dependency
-prost = "0.13.5"
+prost = "0.13"
 rand = "0.8"
 redis = { version = "0.29.2", features = ["tokio-rustls-comp", "keep-alive"] }
 regex = "1.10.2"
@@ -199,8 +196,7 @@ tokio-tar = "0.3"
 tokio-util = { version = "0.7.10", features = ["io", "rt"] }
 toml = "0.8"
 toml_edit = "0.22"
-tonic = { version = "0.13.1", default-features = false, features = ["channel", "codegen", "prost", "router", "server", "tls-ring", "tls-native-roots"] }
-tonic-reflection = { version = "0.13.1", features = ["server"] }
+tonic = {version = "0.12.3", default-features = false, features = ["channel", "tls", "tls-roots"]}
 tower = { version = "0.5.2", default-features = false }
 tower-http = { version = "0.6.2", features = ["auth", "request-id", "trace"] }

@@ -247,7 +243,6 @@ azure_storage_blobs = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/azure-sdk-for-rus
 ## Local libraries
 compute_api = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/compute_api/" }
 consumption_metrics = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/consumption_metrics/" }
-desim = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/desim" }
 endpoint_storage = { version = "0.0.1", path = "./endpoint_storage/" }
 http-utils = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/http-utils/" }
 metrics = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/metrics/" }
@@ -255,24 +250,23 @@ pageserver = { path = "./pageserver" }
 pageserver_api = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/pageserver_api/" }
 pageserver_client = { path = "./pageserver/client" }
 pageserver_compaction = { version = "0.1", path = "./pageserver/compaction/" }
-pageserver_page_api = { path = "./pageserver/page_api" }
 postgres_backend = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/postgres_backend/" }
 postgres_connection = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/postgres_connection/" }
 postgres_ffi = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/postgres_ffi/" }
 postgres_initdb = { path = "./libs/postgres_initdb" }
-posthog_client_lite = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/posthog_client_lite" }
 pq_proto = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/pq_proto/" }
 remote_storage = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/remote_storage/" }
 safekeeper_api = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/safekeeper_api" }
 safekeeper_client = { path = "./safekeeper/client" }
+desim = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/desim" }
 storage_broker = { version = "0.1", path = "./storage_broker/" } # Note: main broker code is inside the binary crate, so linking with the library shouldn't be heavy.
 storage_controller_client = { path = "./storage_controller/client" }
 tenant_size_model = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/tenant_size_model/" }
 tracing-utils = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/tracing-utils/" }
 utils = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/utils/" }
 vm_monitor = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/vm_monitor/" }
-wal_decoder = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/wal_decoder" }
 walproposer = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/walproposer/" }
+wal_decoder = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/wal_decoder" }

 ## Common library dependency
 workspace_hack = { version = "0.1", path = "./workspace_hack/" }
@@ -282,7 +276,7 @@ criterion = "0.5.1"
 rcgen = "0.13"
 rstest = "0.18"
 camino-tempfile = "1.0.2"
-tonic-build = "0.13.1"
+tonic-build = "0.12"

 [patch.crates-io]

--- a/build-tools.Dockerfile
+++ b/build-tools.Dockerfile
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ RUN set -e \

 # Keep the version the same as in compute/compute-node.Dockerfile and
 # test_runner/regress/test_compute_metrics.py.
-ENV SQL_EXPORTER_VERSION=0.17.3
+ENV SQL_EXPORTER_VERSION=0.17.0
 RUN curl -fsSL \
    "https://github.com/burningalchemist/sql_exporter/releases/download/${SQL_EXPORTER_VERSION}/sql_exporter-${SQL_EXPORTER_VERSION}.linux-$(case "$(uname -m)" in x86_64) echo amd64;; aarch64) echo arm64;; esac).tar.gz" \
    --output sql_exporter.tar.gz \
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ WORKDIR /home/nonroot

 # Rust
 # Please keep the version of llvm (installed above) in sync with rust llvm (`rustc --version --verbose | grep LLVM`)
-ENV RUSTC_VERSION=1.87.0
+ENV RUSTC_VERSION=1.86.0
 ENV RUSTUP_HOME="/home/nonroot/.rustup"
 ENV PATH="/home/nonroot/.cargo/bin:${PATH}"
 ARG RUSTFILT_VERSION=0.2.1
@@ -310,13 +310,13 @@ RUN curl -sSO https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup/dist/$(uname -m)-unknown-linux
    . "$HOME/.cargo/env" && \
    cargo --version && rustup --version && \
    rustup component add llvm-tools rustfmt clippy && \
-    cargo install rustfilt            --version ${RUSTFILT_VERSION} --locked && \
-    cargo install cargo-hakari        --version ${CARGO_HAKARI_VERSION} --locked && \
-    cargo install cargo-deny          --version ${CARGO_DENY_VERSION} --locked && \
-    cargo install cargo-hack          --version ${CARGO_HACK_VERSION} --locked && \
-    cargo install cargo-nextest       --version ${CARGO_NEXTEST_VERSION} --locked && \
-    cargo install cargo-chef          --version ${CARGO_CHEF_VERSION} --locked && \
-    cargo install diesel_cli          --version ${CARGO_DIESEL_CLI_VERSION} --locked \
+    cargo install rustfilt            --version ${RUSTFILT_VERSION} && \
+    cargo install cargo-hakari        --version ${CARGO_HAKARI_VERSION} && \
+    cargo install cargo-deny --locked --version ${CARGO_DENY_VERSION} && \
+    cargo install cargo-hack          --version ${CARGO_HACK_VERSION} && \
+    cargo install cargo-nextest       --version ${CARGO_NEXTEST_VERSION} && \
+    cargo install cargo-chef --locked --version ${CARGO_CHEF_VERSION} && \
+    cargo install diesel_cli          --version ${CARGO_DIESEL_CLI_VERSION} \
                                      --features postgres-bundled --no-default-features && \
    rm -rf /home/nonroot/.cargo/registry && \
    rm -rf /home/nonroot/.cargo/git
--- a/compute/compute-node.Dockerfile
+++ b/compute/compute-node.Dockerfile
@@ -297,7 +297,6 @@ RUN ./autogen.sh && \
    ./configure --with-sfcgal=/usr/local/bin/sfcgal-config && \
    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) install && \
-    make staged-install && \
    cd extensions/postgis && \
    make clean && \
    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) install && \
@@ -583,38 +582,6 @@ RUN make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) install && \
    echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/hypopg.control

-#########################################################################################
-#
-# Layer "online_advisor-build"
-# compile online_advisor extension
-#
-#########################################################################################
-FROM build-deps AS online_advisor-src
-ARG PG_VERSION
-
-# online_advisor supports all Postgres version starting from PG14, but prior to PG17 has to be included in preload_shared_libraries
-# last release 1.0 - May 15, 2025
-WORKDIR /ext-src
-RUN case "${PG_VERSION:?}" in \
-    "v17") \
-        ;; \
-    *) \
-        echo "skipping the version of online_advistor for $PG_VERSION" && exit 0 \
-        ;; \
-    esac && \
-	wget https://github.com/knizhnik/online_advisor/archive/refs/tags/1.0.tar.gz -O online_advisor.tar.gz && \
-    echo "059b7d9e5a90013a58bdd22e9505b88406ce05790675eb2d8434e5b215652d54 online_advisor.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check && \
-    mkdir online_advisor-src && cd online_advisor-src && tar xzf ../online_advisor.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C .
-
-FROM pg-build AS online_advisor-build
-COPY --from=online_advisor-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
-WORKDIR /ext-src/
-RUN if [ -d online_advisor-src ]; then \
-	    cd online_advisor-src && \
-        make -j install && \
-        echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/online_advisor.control; \
-    fi
-
 #########################################################################################
 #
 # Layer "pg_hashids-build"
@@ -1150,8 +1117,8 @@ RUN wget https://github.com/microsoft/onnxruntime/archive/refs/tags/v1.18.1.tar.
    mkdir onnxruntime-src && cd onnxruntime-src && tar xzf ../onnxruntime.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C . && \
    echo "#nothing to test here" > neon-test.sh

-RUN wget https://github.com/neondatabase-labs/pgrag/archive/refs/tags/v0.1.2.tar.gz -O pgrag.tar.gz &&  \
-    echo "7361654ea24f08cbb9db13c2ee1c0fe008f6114076401bb871619690dafc5225 pgrag.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check && \
+RUN wget https://github.com/neondatabase-labs/pgrag/archive/refs/tags/v0.1.1.tar.gz -O pgrag.tar.gz &&  \
+    echo "087b2ecd11ba307dc968042ef2e9e43dc04d9ba60e8306e882c407bbe1350a50 pgrag.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check && \
    mkdir pgrag-src && cd pgrag-src && tar xzf ../pgrag.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C .

 FROM rust-extensions-build-pgrx14 AS pgrag-build
@@ -1181,14 +1148,14 @@ RUN cd exts/rag && \
 RUN cd exts/rag_bge_small_en_v15 && \
    sed -i 's/pgrx = "0.14.1"/pgrx = { version = "0.14.1", features = [ "unsafe-postgres" ] }/g' Cargo.toml && \
    ORT_LIB_LOCATION=/ext-src/onnxruntime-src/build/Linux \
-        REMOTE_ONNX_URL=http://pg-ext-s3-gateway.pg-ext-s3-gateway.svc.cluster.local/pgrag-data/bge_small_en_v15.onnx \
+        REMOTE_ONNX_URL=http://pg-ext-s3-gateway/pgrag-data/bge_small_en_v15.onnx \
        cargo pgrx install --release --features remote_onnx && \
    echo "trusted = true" >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/rag_bge_small_en_v15.control

 RUN cd exts/rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en && \
    sed -i 's/pgrx = "0.14.1"/pgrx = { version = "0.14.1", features = [ "unsafe-postgres" ] }/g' Cargo.toml && \
    ORT_LIB_LOCATION=/ext-src/onnxruntime-src/build/Linux \
-        REMOTE_ONNX_URL=http://pg-ext-s3-gateway.pg-ext-s3-gateway.svc.cluster.local/pgrag-data/jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en.onnx \
+        REMOTE_ONNX_URL=http://pg-ext-s3-gateway/pgrag-data/jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en.onnx \
        cargo pgrx install --release --features remote_onnx && \
    echo "trusted = true" >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en.control

@@ -1681,7 +1648,6 @@ COPY --from=pg_jsonschema-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=pg_graphql-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=pg_tiktoken-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=hypopg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
-COPY --from=online_advisor-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=pg_hashids-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=rum-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=pgtap-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
@@ -1785,17 +1751,17 @@ ARG TARGETARCH
 RUN if [ "$TARGETARCH" = "amd64" ]; then\
        postgres_exporter_sha256='59aa4a7bb0f7d361f5e05732f5ed8c03cc08f78449cef5856eadec33a627694b';\
        pgbouncer_exporter_sha256='c9f7cf8dcff44f0472057e9bf52613d93f3ffbc381ad7547a959daa63c5e84ac';\
-        sql_exporter_sha256='9a41127a493e8bfebfe692bf78c7ed2872a58a3f961ee534d1b0da9ae584aaab';\
+        sql_exporter_sha256='38e439732bbf6e28ca4a94d7bc3686d3fa1abdb0050773d5617a9efdb9e64d08';\
    else\
        postgres_exporter_sha256='d1dedea97f56c6d965837bfd1fbb3e35a3b4a4556f8cccee8bd513d8ee086124';\
        pgbouncer_exporter_sha256='217c4afd7e6492ae904055bc14fe603552cf9bac458c063407e991d68c519da3';\
-        sql_exporter_sha256='530e6afc77c043497ed965532c4c9dfa873bc2a4f0b3047fad367715c0081d6a';\
+        sql_exporter_sha256='11918b00be6e2c3a67564adfdb2414fdcbb15a5db76ea17d1d1a944237a893c6';\
    fi\
    && curl -sL https://github.com/prometheus-community/postgres_exporter/releases/download/v0.17.1/postgres_exporter-0.17.1.linux-${TARGETARCH}.tar.gz\
     | tar xzf - --strip-components=1 -C.\
    && curl -sL https://github.com/prometheus-community/pgbouncer_exporter/releases/download/v0.10.2/pgbouncer_exporter-0.10.2.linux-${TARGETARCH}.tar.gz\
     | tar xzf - --strip-components=1 -C.\
-    && curl -sL https://github.com/burningalchemist/sql_exporter/releases/download/0.17.3/sql_exporter-0.17.3.linux-${TARGETARCH}.tar.gz\
+    && curl -sL https://github.com/burningalchemist/sql_exporter/releases/download/0.17.0/sql_exporter-0.17.0.linux-${TARGETARCH}.tar.gz\
     | tar xzf - --strip-components=1 -C.\
    && echo "${postgres_exporter_sha256} postgres_exporter" | sha256sum -c -\
    && echo "${pgbouncer_exporter_sha256} pgbouncer_exporter" | sha256sum -c -\
@@ -1843,27 +1809,12 @@ RUN make PG_VERSION="${PG_VERSION:?}" -C compute

 FROM pg-build AS extension-tests
 ARG PG_VERSION
-# This is required for the PostGIS test
-RUN apt-get update && case $DEBIAN_VERSION in \
-      bullseye) \
-        apt-get install -y libproj19 libgdal28 time; \
-      ;; \
-      bookworm) \
-        apt-get install -y libgdal32 libproj25 time; \
-      ;; \
-      *) \
-        echo "Unknown Debian version ${DEBIAN_VERSION}" && exit 1 \
-      ;; \
-    esac
-
 COPY docker-compose/ext-src/ /ext-src/

 COPY --from=pg-build /postgres /postgres
-COPY --from=postgis-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
-COPY --from=postgis-build /ext-src/postgis-src /ext-src/postgis-src
-COPY --from=postgis-build /sfcgal/* /usr
+#COPY --from=postgis-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=plv8-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
-COPY --from=h3-pg-src /ext-src/h3-pg-src /ext-src/h3-pg-src
+#COPY --from=h3-pg-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=postgresql-unit-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=pgvector-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=pgjwt-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
@@ -1872,7 +1823,6 @@ COPY --from=pgjwt-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=pg_graphql-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 #COPY --from=pg_tiktoken-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=hypopg-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
-COPY --from=online_advisor-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=pg_hashids-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=rum-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=pgtap-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
@@ -2021,8 +1971,7 @@ COPY --from=sql_exporter_preprocessor --chmod=0644 /home/nonroot/compute/etc/sql
 COPY --from=sql_exporter_preprocessor --chmod=0644 /home/nonroot/compute/etc/neon_collector_autoscaling.yml /etc/neon_collector_autoscaling.yml

 # Make the libraries we built available
-COPY --chmod=0666 compute/etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-neon.conf /etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-neon.conf
-RUN /sbin/ldconfig
+RUN echo '/usr/local/lib' >> /etc/ld.so.conf && /sbin/ldconfig

 # rsyslog config permissions
 # directory for rsyslogd pid file
--- a/compute/etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-neon.conf
+++ b/compute/etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-neon.conf
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-/usr/local/lib
--- a/compute/patches/rum.patch
+++ b/compute/patches/rum.patch
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ index 255e616..1c6edb7 100644
 			 RelationGetRelationName(index));
 
 +#ifdef NEON_SMGR
-+	smgr_start_unlogged_build(RelationGetSmgr(index));
+	smgr_start_unlogged_build(index->rd_smgr);
 +#endif
 +
 	initRumState(&buildstate.rumstate, index);
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ index 255e616..1c6edb7 100644
 	rumUpdateStats(index, &buildstate.buildStats, buildstate.rumstate.isBuild);
 
 +#ifdef NEON_SMGR
-+	smgr_finish_unlogged_build_phase_1(RelationGetSmgr(index));
+	smgr_finish_unlogged_build_phase_1(index->rd_smgr);
 +#endif
 +
 	/*
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ index 255e616..1c6edb7 100644
 	}
 
 +#ifdef NEON_SMGR
-+	smgr_end_unlogged_build(RelationGetSmgr(index));
+	smgr_end_unlogged_build(index->rd_smgr);
 +#endif
 +
 	/*
--- a/compute_tools/src/bin/compute_ctl.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/bin/compute_ctl.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ use std::sync::mpsc;
 use std::thread;
 use std::time::Duration;

-use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};
+use anyhow::{Context, Result};
 use clap::Parser;
 use compute_api::responses::ComputeConfig;
 use compute_tools::compute::{
@@ -57,15 +57,31 @@ use tracing::{error, info};
 use url::Url;
 use utils::failpoint_support;

-#[derive(Debug, Parser)]
+// Compatibility hack: if the control plane specified any remote-ext-config
+// use the default value for extension storage proxy gateway.
+// Remove this once the control plane is updated to pass the gateway URL
+fn parse_remote_ext_base_url(arg: &str) -> Result<String> {
+    const FALLBACK_PG_EXT_GATEWAY_BASE_URL: &str =
+        "http://pg-ext-s3-gateway.pg-ext-s3-gateway.svc.cluster.local";
+
+    Ok(if arg.starts_with("http") {
+        arg
+    } else {
+        FALLBACK_PG_EXT_GATEWAY_BASE_URL
+    }
+    .to_owned())
+}
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
 #[command(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
 struct Cli {
    #[arg(short = 'b', long, default_value = "postgres", env = "POSTGRES_PATH")]
    pub pgbin: String,

    /// The base URL for the remote extension storage proxy gateway.
-    #[arg(short = 'r', long, value_parser = Self::parse_remote_ext_base_url)]
-    pub remote_ext_base_url: Option<Url>,
+    /// Should be in the form of `http(s)://<gateway-hostname>[:<port>]`.
+    #[arg(short = 'r', long, value_parser = parse_remote_ext_base_url, alias = "remote-ext-config")]
+    pub remote_ext_base_url: Option<String>,

    /// The port to bind the external listening HTTP server to. Clients running
    /// outside the compute will talk to the compute through this port. Keep
@@ -120,29 +136,6 @@ struct Cli {
        requires = "compute-id"
    )]
    pub control_plane_uri: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Interval in seconds for collecting installed extensions statistics
-    #[arg(long, default_value = "3600")]
-    pub installed_extensions_collection_interval: u64,
-}
-
-impl Cli {
-    /// Parse a URL from an argument. By default, this isn't necessary, but we
-    /// want to do some sanity checking.
-    fn parse_remote_ext_base_url(value: &str) -> Result<Url> {
-        // Remove extra trailing slashes, and add one. We use Url::join() later
-        // when downloading remote extensions. If the base URL is something like
-        // http://example.com/pg-ext-s3-gateway, and join() is called with
-        // something like "xyz", the resulting URL is http://example.com/xyz.
-        let value = value.trim_end_matches('/').to_owned() + "/";
-        let url = Url::parse(&value)?;
-
-        if url.query_pairs().count() != 0 {
-            bail!("parameters detected in remote extensions base URL")
-        }
-
-        Ok(url)
-    }
 }

 fn main() -> Result<()> {
@@ -186,7 +179,6 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
            cgroup: cli.cgroup,
            #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
            vm_monitor_addr: cli.vm_monitor_addr,
-            installed_extensions_collection_interval: cli.installed_extensions_collection_interval,
        },
        config,
    )?;
@@ -271,8 +263,7 @@ fn handle_exit_signal(sig: i32) {

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-    use clap::{CommandFactory, Parser};
-    use url::Url;
+    use clap::CommandFactory;

    use super::Cli;

@@ -282,41 +273,16 @@ mod test {
    }

    #[test]
-    fn verify_remote_ext_base_url() {
-        let cli = Cli::parse_from([
-            "compute_ctl",
-            "--pgdata=test",
-            "--connstr=test",
-            "--compute-id=test",
-            "--remote-ext-base-url",
-            "https://example.com/subpath",
-        ]);
-        assert_eq!(
-            cli.remote_ext_base_url.unwrap(),
-            Url::parse("https://example.com/subpath/").unwrap()
-        );
+    fn parse_pg_ext_gateway_base_url() {
+        let arg = "http://pg-ext-s3-gateway2";
+        let result = super::parse_remote_ext_base_url(arg).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(result, arg);

-        let cli = Cli::parse_from([
-            "compute_ctl",
-            "--pgdata=test",
-            "--connstr=test",
-            "--compute-id=test",
-            "--remote-ext-base-url",
-            "https://example.com//",
-        ]);
+        let arg = "pg-ext-s3-gateway";
+        let result = super::parse_remote_ext_base_url(arg).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
-            cli.remote_ext_base_url.unwrap(),
-            Url::parse("https://example.com").unwrap()
+            result,
+            "http://pg-ext-s3-gateway.pg-ext-s3-gateway.svc.cluster.local"
        );
-
-        Cli::try_parse_from([
-            "compute_ctl",
-            "--pgdata=test",
-            "--connstr=test",
-            "--compute-id=test",
-            "--remote-ext-base-url",
-            "https://example.com?hello=world",
-        ])
-        .expect_err("URL parameters are not allowed");
    }
 }
--- a/compute_tools/src/bin/fast_import.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/bin/fast_import.rs
@@ -339,8 +339,6 @@ async fn run_dump_restore(
    destination_connstring: String,
 ) -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
    let dumpdir = workdir.join("dumpdir");
-    let num_jobs = num_cpus::get().to_string();
-    info!("using {num_jobs} jobs for dump/restore");

    let common_args = [
        // schema mapping (prob suffices to specify them on one side)
@@ -356,7 +354,7 @@ async fn run_dump_restore(
        "directory".to_string(),
        // concurrency
        "--jobs".to_string(),
-        num_jobs,
+        num_cpus::get().to_string(),
        // progress updates
        "--verbose".to_string(),
    ];
--- a/compute_tools/src/compute.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/compute.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 use std::{env, fs};
 use tokio::spawn;
 use tracing::{Instrument, debug, error, info, instrument, warn};
-use url::Url;
 use utils::id::{TenantId, TimelineId};
 use utils::lsn::Lsn;
 use utils::measured_stream::MeasuredReader;
@@ -97,10 +96,7 @@ pub struct ComputeNodeParams {
    pub internal_http_port: u16,

    /// the address of extension storage proxy gateway
-    pub remote_ext_base_url: Option<Url>,
-
-    /// Interval for installed extensions collection
-    pub installed_extensions_collection_interval: u64,
+    pub remote_ext_base_url: Option<String>,
 }

 /// Compute node info shared across several `compute_ctl` threads.
@@ -396,7 +392,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
        // because QEMU will already have its memory allocated from the host, and
        // the necessary binaries will already be cached.
        if cli_spec.is_none() {
-            this.prewarm_postgres_vm_memory()?;
+            this.prewarm_postgres()?;
        }

        // Set the up metric with Empty status before starting the HTTP server.
@@ -699,18 +695,25 @@ impl ComputeNode {
                let log_directory_path = Path::new(&self.params.pgdata).join("log");
                let log_directory_path = log_directory_path.to_string_lossy().to_string();

-                // Add project_id,endpoint_id to identify the logs.
+                // Add project_id,endpoint_id tag to identify the logs.
                //
                // These ids are passed from cplane,
-                let endpoint_id = pspec.spec.endpoint_id.as_deref().unwrap_or("");
-                let project_id = pspec.spec.project_id.as_deref().unwrap_or("");
+                // for backwards compatibility (old computes that don't have them),
+                // we set them to None.
+                // TODO: Clean up this code when all computes have them.
+                let tag: Option<String> = match (
+                    pspec.spec.project_id.as_deref(),
+                    pspec.spec.endpoint_id.as_deref(),
+                ) {
+                    (Some(project_id), Some(endpoint_id)) => {
+                        Some(format!("{project_id}/{endpoint_id}"))
+                    }
+                    (Some(project_id), None) => Some(format!("{project_id}/None")),
+                    (None, Some(endpoint_id)) => Some(format!("None,{endpoint_id}")),
+                    (None, None) => None,
+                };

-                configure_audit_rsyslog(
-                    log_directory_path.clone(),
-                    endpoint_id,
-                    project_id,
-                    &remote_endpoint,
-                )?;
+                configure_audit_rsyslog(log_directory_path.clone(), tag, &remote_endpoint)?;

                // Launch a background task to clean up the audit logs
                launch_pgaudit_gc(log_directory_path);
@@ -746,7 +749,17 @@ impl ComputeNode {

            let conf = self.get_tokio_conn_conf(None);
            tokio::task::spawn(async {
-                let _ = installed_extensions(conf).await;
+                let res = get_installed_extensions(conf).await;
+                match res {
+                    Ok(extensions) => {
+                        info!(
+                            "[NEON_EXT_STAT] {}",
+                            serde_json::to_string(&extensions)
+                                .expect("failed to serialize extensions list")
+                        );
+                    }
+                    Err(err) => error!("could not get installed extensions: {err:?}"),
+                }
            });
        }

@@ -776,10 +789,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
        // Log metrics so that we can search for slow operations in logs
        info!(?metrics, postmaster_pid = %postmaster_pid, "compute start finished");

-        // Spawn the extension stats background task
-        self.spawn_extension_stats_task();
-
-        if pspec.spec.autoprewarm {
+        if pspec.spec.prewarm_lfc_on_startup {
            self.prewarm_lfc();
        }
        Ok(())
@@ -1307,8 +1317,8 @@ impl ComputeNode {
    }

    /// Start and stop a postgres process to warm up the VM for startup.
-    pub fn prewarm_postgres_vm_memory(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        info!("prewarming VM memory");
+    pub fn prewarm_postgres(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        info!("prewarming");

        // Create pgdata
        let pgdata = &format!("{}.warmup", self.params.pgdata);
@@ -1350,7 +1360,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
        kill(pm_pid, Signal::SIGQUIT)?;
        info!("sent SIGQUIT signal");
        pg.wait()?;
-        info!("done prewarming vm memory");
+        info!("done prewarming");

        // clean up
        let _ok = fs::remove_dir_all(pgdata);
@@ -2189,41 +2199,6 @@ LIMIT 100",
            info!("Pageserver config changed");
        }
    }
-
-    pub fn spawn_extension_stats_task(&self) {
-        let conf = self.tokio_conn_conf.clone();
-        let installed_extensions_collection_interval =
-            self.params.installed_extensions_collection_interval;
-        tokio::spawn(async move {
-            // An initial sleep is added to ensure that two collections don't happen at the same time.
-            // The first collection happens during compute startup.
-            tokio::time::sleep(tokio::time::Duration::from_secs(
-                installed_extensions_collection_interval,
-            ))
-            .await;
-            let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(tokio::time::Duration::from_secs(
-                installed_extensions_collection_interval,
-            ));
-            loop {
-                interval.tick().await;
-                let _ = installed_extensions(conf.clone()).await;
-            }
-        });
-    }
-}
-
-pub async fn installed_extensions(conf: tokio_postgres::Config) -> Result<()> {
-    let res = get_installed_extensions(conf).await;
-    match res {
-        Ok(extensions) => {
-            info!(
-                "[NEON_EXT_STAT] {}",
-                serde_json::to_string(&extensions).expect("failed to serialize extensions list")
-            );
-        }
-        Err(err) => error!("could not get installed extensions: {err:?}"),
-    }
-    Ok(())
 }

 pub fn forward_termination_signal() {
--- a/compute_tools/src/config_template/compute_audit_rsyslog_template.conf
+++ b/compute_tools/src/config_template/compute_audit_rsyslog_template.conf
@@ -2,24 +2,10 @@
 module(load="imfile")

 # Input configuration for log files in the specified directory
-# The messages can be multiline. The start of the message is a timestamp
-# in "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%3N GMT" (so timezone hardcoded).
-# Replace log_directory with the directory containing the log files
-input(type="imfile" File="{log_directory}/*.log"
-  Tag="pgaudit_log" Severity="info" Facility="local5"
-  startmsg.regex="^[[:digit:]]{{4}}-[[:digit:]]{{2}}-[[:digit:]]{{2}} [[:digit:]]{{2}}:[[:digit:]]{{2}}:[[:digit:]]{{2}}.[[:digit:]]{{3}} GMT,")
-
+# Replace {log_directory} with the directory containing the log files
+input(type="imfile" File="{log_directory}/*.log" Tag="{tag}" Severity="info" Facility="local0")
 # the directory to store rsyslog state files
 global(workDirectory="/var/log/rsyslog")

-# Construct json, endpoint_id and project_id as additional metadata
-set $.json_log!endpoint_id = "{endpoint_id}";
-set $.json_log!project_id = "{project_id}";
-set $.json_log!msg = $msg;
-
-# Template suitable for rfc5424 syslog format
-template(name="PgAuditLog" type="string"
-    string="<%PRI%>1 %TIMESTAMP:::date-rfc3339% %HOSTNAME% - - - - %$.json_log%")
-
-# Forward to remote syslog receiver (@@<hostname>:<port>;format
-local5.info @@{remote_endpoint};PgAuditLog
+# Forward logs to remote syslog server
+*.* @@{remote_endpoint}
--- a/compute_tools/src/extension_server.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/extension_server.rs
@@ -83,7 +83,6 @@ use reqwest::StatusCode;
 use tar::Archive;
 use tracing::info;
 use tracing::log::warn;
-use url::Url;
 use zstd::stream::read::Decoder;

 use crate::metrics::{REMOTE_EXT_REQUESTS_TOTAL, UNKNOWN_HTTP_STATUS};
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ fn parse_pg_version(human_version: &str) -> PostgresMajorVersion {
 pub async fn download_extension(
    ext_name: &str,
    ext_path: &RemotePath,
-    remote_ext_base_url: &Url,
+    remote_ext_base_url: &str,
    pgbin: &str,
 ) -> Result<u64> {
    info!("Download extension {:?} from {:?}", ext_name, ext_path);
@@ -271,14 +270,10 @@ pub fn create_control_files(remote_extensions: &RemoteExtSpec, pgbin: &str) {
 }

 // Do request to extension storage proxy, e.g.,
-// curl http://pg-ext-s3-gateway.pg-ext-s3-gateway.svc.cluster.local/latest/v15/extensions/anon.tar.zst
+// curl http://pg-ext-s3-gateway/latest/v15/extensions/anon.tar.zst
 // using HTTP GET and return the response body as bytes.
-async fn download_extension_tar(remote_ext_base_url: &Url, ext_path: &str) -> Result<Bytes> {
-    let uri = remote_ext_base_url.join(ext_path).with_context(|| {
-        format!(
-            "failed to create the remote extension URI for {ext_path} using {remote_ext_base_url}"
-        )
-    })?;
+async fn download_extension_tar(remote_ext_base_url: &str, ext_path: &str) -> Result<Bytes> {
+    let uri = format!("{}/{}", remote_ext_base_url, ext_path);
    let filename = Path::new(ext_path)
        .file_name()
        .unwrap_or_else(|| std::ffi::OsStr::new("unknown"))
@@ -288,7 +283,7 @@ async fn download_extension_tar(remote_ext_base_url: &Url, ext_path: &str) -> Re

    info!("Downloading extension file '{}' from uri {}", filename, uri);

-    match do_extension_server_request(uri).await {
+    match do_extension_server_request(&uri).await {
        Ok(resp) => {
            info!("Successfully downloaded remote extension data {}", ext_path);
            REMOTE_EXT_REQUESTS_TOTAL
@@ -307,7 +302,7 @@ async fn download_extension_tar(remote_ext_base_url: &Url, ext_path: &str) -> Re

 // Do a single remote extensions server request.
 // Return result or (error message + stringified status code) in case of any failures.
-async fn do_extension_server_request(uri: Url) -> Result<Bytes, (String, String)> {
+async fn do_extension_server_request(uri: &str) -> Result<Bytes, (String, String)> {
    let resp = reqwest::get(uri).await.map_err(|e| {
        (
            format!(
--- a/compute_tools/src/http/mod.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/http/mod.rs
@@ -48,9 +48,11 @@ impl JsonResponse {

    /// Create an error response related to the compute being in an invalid state
    pub(self) fn invalid_status(status: ComputeStatus) -> Response {
-        Self::error(
+        Self::create_response(
            StatusCode::PRECONDITION_FAILED,
-            format!("invalid compute status: {status}"),
+            &GenericAPIError {
+                error: format!("invalid compute status: {status}"),
+            },
        )
    }
 }
--- a/compute_tools/src/pg_helpers.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/pg_helpers.rs
@@ -213,10 +213,8 @@ impl Escaping for PgIdent {

        // Find the first suitable tag that is not present in the string.
        // Postgres' max role/DB name length is 63 bytes, so even in the
-        // worst case it won't take long. Outer tag is always `tag + "x"`,
-        // so if `tag` is not present in the string, `outer_tag` is not
-        // present in the string either.
-        while self.contains(&tag.to_string()) {
+        // worst case it won't take long.
+        while self.contains(&format!("${tag}$")) || self.contains(&format!("${outer_tag}$")) {
            tag += "x";
            outer_tag = tag.clone() + "x";
        }
--- a/compute_tools/src/rsyslog.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/rsyslog.rs
@@ -27,40 +27,6 @@ fn get_rsyslog_pid() -> Option<String> {
    }
 }

-fn wait_for_rsyslog_pid() -> Result<String, anyhow::Error> {
-    const MAX_WAIT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
-    const INITIAL_SLEEP: Duration = Duration::from_millis(2);
-
-    let mut sleep_duration = INITIAL_SLEEP;
-    let start = std::time::Instant::now();
-    let mut attempts = 1;
-
-    for attempt in 1.. {
-        attempts = attempt;
-        match get_rsyslog_pid() {
-            Some(pid) => return Ok(pid),
-            None => {
-                if start.elapsed() >= MAX_WAIT {
-                    break;
-                }
-                info!(
-                    "rsyslogd is not running, attempt {}. Sleeping for {} ms",
-                    attempt,
-                    sleep_duration.as_millis()
-                );
-                std::thread::sleep(sleep_duration);
-                sleep_duration *= 2;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
-        "rsyslogd is not running after waiting for {} seconds and {} attempts",
-        attempts,
-        start.elapsed().as_secs()
-    ))
-}
-
 // Restart rsyslogd to apply the new configuration.
 // This is necessary, because there is no other way to reload the rsyslog configuration.
 //
@@ -70,29 +36,27 @@ fn wait_for_rsyslog_pid() -> Result<String, anyhow::Error> {
 // TODO: test it properly
 //
 fn restart_rsyslog() -> Result<()> {
+    let old_pid = get_rsyslog_pid().context("rsyslogd is not running")?;
+    info!("rsyslogd is running with pid: {}, restart it", old_pid);
+
    // kill it to restart
    let _ = Command::new("pkill")
        .arg("rsyslogd")
        .output()
-        .context("Failed to restart rsyslogd")?;
-
-    // ensure rsyslogd is running
-    wait_for_rsyslog_pid()?;
+        .context("Failed to stop rsyslogd")?;

    Ok(())
 }

 pub fn configure_audit_rsyslog(
    log_directory: String,
-    endpoint_id: &str,
-    project_id: &str,
+    tag: Option<String>,
    remote_endpoint: &str,
 ) -> Result<()> {
    let config_content: String = format!(
        include_str!("config_template/compute_audit_rsyslog_template.conf"),
        log_directory = log_directory,
-        endpoint_id = endpoint_id,
-        project_id = project_id,
+        tag = tag.unwrap_or("".to_string()),
        remote_endpoint = remote_endpoint
    );

@@ -167,11 +131,15 @@ pub fn configure_postgres_logs_export(conf: PostgresLogsRsyslogConfig) -> Result
        return Ok(());
    }

-    // Nothing to configure
+    // When new config is empty we can simply remove the configuration file.
    if new_config.is_empty() {
-        // When the configuration is removed, PostgreSQL will stop sending data
-        // to the files watched by rsyslog, so restarting rsyslog is more effort
-        // than just ignoring this change.
+        info!("removing rsyslog config file: {}", POSTGRES_LOGS_CONF_PATH);
+        match std::fs::remove_file(POSTGRES_LOGS_CONF_PATH) {
+            Ok(_) => {}
+            Err(err) if err.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound => {}
+            Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),
+        }
+        restart_rsyslog()?;
        return Ok(());
    }

--- a/compute_tools/tests/pg_helpers_tests.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/tests/pg_helpers_tests.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ mod pg_helpers_tests {
            r#"fsync = off
 wal_level = logical
 hot_standby = on
-autoprewarm = off
+prewarm_lfc_on_startup = off
 neon.safekeepers = '127.0.0.1:6502,127.0.0.1:6503,127.0.0.1:6501'
 wal_log_hints = on
 log_connections = on
@@ -71,14 +71,6 @@ test.escaping = 'here''s a backslash \\ and a quote '' and a double-quote " hoor
            ("name$$$", ("$x$name$$$$x$", "xx")),
            ("name$$$$", ("$x$name$$$$$x$", "xx")),
            ("name$x$", ("$xx$name$x$$xx$", "xxx")),
-            ("x", ("$xx$x$xx$", "xxx")),
-            ("xx", ("$xxx$xx$xxx$", "xxxx")),
-            ("$x", ("$xx$$x$xx$", "xxx")),
-            ("x$", ("$xx$x$$xx$", "xxx")),
-            ("$x$", ("$xx$$x$$xx$", "xxx")),
-            ("xx$", ("$xxx$xx$$xxx$", "xxxx")),
-            ("$xx", ("$xxx$$xx$xxx$", "xxxx")),
-            ("$xx$", ("$xxx$$xx$$xxx$", "xxxx")),
        ];

        for (input, expected) in test_cases {
--- a/control_plane/safekeepers.conf
+++ b/control_plane/safekeepers.conf
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@
 [pageserver]
 listen_pg_addr = '127.0.0.1:64000'
 listen_http_addr = '127.0.0.1:9898'
-listen_grpc_addr = '127.0.0.1:51051'
 pg_auth_type = 'Trust'
 http_auth_type = 'Trust'
-grpc_auth_type = 'Trust'

 [[safekeepers]]
 id = 1
--- a/control_plane/simple.conf
+++ b/control_plane/simple.conf
@@ -4,10 +4,8 @@
 id=1
 listen_pg_addr = '127.0.0.1:64000'
 listen_http_addr = '127.0.0.1:9898'
-listen_grpc_addr = '127.0.0.1:51051'
 pg_auth_type = 'Trust'
 http_auth_type = 'Trust'
-grpc_auth_type = 'Trust'

 [[safekeepers]]
 id = 1
--- a/control_plane/src/background_process.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/background_process.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@

 use std::ffi::OsStr;
 use std::io::Write;
-use std::os::fd::AsFd;
+use std::os::unix::prelude::AsRawFd;
 use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::process::Command;
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ where
            let file = pid_file::claim_for_current_process(&path).expect("claim pid file");
            // Remove the FD_CLOEXEC flag on the pidfile descriptor so that the pidfile
            // remains locked after exec.
-            nix::fcntl::fcntl(file.as_fd(), FcntlArg::F_SETFD(FdFlag::empty()))
+            nix::fcntl::fcntl(file.as_raw_fd(), FcntlArg::F_SETFD(FdFlag::empty()))
                .expect("remove FD_CLOEXEC");
            // Don't run drop(file), it would close the file before we actually exec.
            std::mem::forget(file);
--- a/control_plane/src/bin/neon_local.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/bin/neon_local.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap};
 use std::fs::File;
+use std::os::fd::AsRawFd;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::process::exit;
 use std::str::FromStr;
@@ -30,9 +31,8 @@ use control_plane::safekeeper::SafekeeperNode;
 use control_plane::storage_controller::{
    NeonStorageControllerStartArgs, NeonStorageControllerStopArgs, StorageController,
 };
-use nix::fcntl::{Flock, FlockArg};
+use nix::fcntl::{FlockArg, flock};
 use pageserver_api::config::{
-    DEFAULT_GRPC_LISTEN_PORT as DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_GRPC_PORT,
    DEFAULT_HTTP_LISTEN_PORT as DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_HTTP_PORT,
    DEFAULT_PG_LISTEN_PORT as DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_PG_PORT,
 };
@@ -749,16 +749,16 @@ struct TimelineTreeEl {

 /// A flock-based guard over the neon_local repository directory
 struct RepoLock {
-    _file: Flock<File>,
+    _file: File,
 }

 impl RepoLock {
    fn new() -> Result<Self> {
        let repo_dir = File::open(local_env::base_path())?;
-        match Flock::lock(repo_dir, FlockArg::LockExclusive) {
-            Ok(f) => Ok(Self { _file: f }),
-            Err((_, e)) => Err(e).context("flock error"),
-        }
+        let repo_dir_fd = repo_dir.as_raw_fd();
+        flock(repo_dir_fd, FlockArg::LockExclusive)?;
+
+        Ok(Self { _file: repo_dir })
    }
 }

@@ -1008,16 +1008,13 @@ fn handle_init(args: &InitCmdArgs) -> anyhow::Result<LocalEnv> {
                    let pageserver_id = NodeId(DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_ID.0 + i as u64);
                    let pg_port = DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_PG_PORT + i;
                    let http_port = DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_HTTP_PORT + i;
-                    let grpc_port = DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_GRPC_PORT + i;
                    NeonLocalInitPageserverConf {
                        id: pageserver_id,
                        listen_pg_addr: format!("127.0.0.1:{pg_port}"),
                        listen_http_addr: format!("127.0.0.1:{http_port}"),
                        listen_https_addr: None,
-                        listen_grpc_addr: Some(format!("127.0.0.1:{grpc_port}")),
                        pg_auth_type: AuthType::Trust,
                        http_auth_type: AuthType::Trust,
-                        grpc_auth_type: AuthType::Trust,
                        other: Default::default(),
                        // Typical developer machines use disks with slow fsync, and we don't care
                        // about data integrity: disable disk syncs.
@@ -1279,7 +1276,6 @@ async fn handle_timeline(cmd: &TimelineCmd, env: &mut local_env::LocalEnv) -> Re
                mode: pageserver_api::models::TimelineCreateRequestMode::Branch {
                    ancestor_timeline_id,
                    ancestor_start_lsn: start_lsn,
-                    read_only: false,
                    pg_version: None,
                },
            };
--- a/control_plane/src/endpoint.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/endpoint.rs
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ impl Endpoint {
                logs_export_host: None::<String>,
                endpoint_storage_addr: Some(endpoint_storage_addr),
                endpoint_storage_token: Some(endpoint_storage_token),
-                autoprewarm: false,
+                prewarm_lfc_on_startup: false,
            };

            // this strange code is needed to support respec() in tests
--- a/control_plane/src/local_env.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/local_env.rs
@@ -278,10 +278,8 @@ pub struct PageServerConf {
    pub listen_pg_addr: String,
    pub listen_http_addr: String,
    pub listen_https_addr: Option<String>,
-    pub listen_grpc_addr: Option<String>,
    pub pg_auth_type: AuthType,
    pub http_auth_type: AuthType,
-    pub grpc_auth_type: AuthType,
    pub no_sync: bool,
 }

@@ -292,10 +290,8 @@ impl Default for PageServerConf {
            listen_pg_addr: String::new(),
            listen_http_addr: String::new(),
            listen_https_addr: None,
-            listen_grpc_addr: None,
            pg_auth_type: AuthType::Trust,
            http_auth_type: AuthType::Trust,
-            grpc_auth_type: AuthType::Trust,
            no_sync: false,
        }
    }
@@ -310,10 +306,8 @@ pub struct NeonLocalInitPageserverConf {
    pub listen_pg_addr: String,
    pub listen_http_addr: String,
    pub listen_https_addr: Option<String>,
-    pub listen_grpc_addr: Option<String>,
    pub pg_auth_type: AuthType,
    pub http_auth_type: AuthType,
-    pub grpc_auth_type: AuthType,
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "std::ops::Not::not")]
    pub no_sync: bool,
    #[serde(flatten)]
@@ -327,10 +321,8 @@ impl From<&NeonLocalInitPageserverConf> for PageServerConf {
            listen_pg_addr,
            listen_http_addr,
            listen_https_addr,
-            listen_grpc_addr,
            pg_auth_type,
            http_auth_type,
-            grpc_auth_type,
            no_sync,
            other: _,
        } = conf;
@@ -339,9 +331,7 @@ impl From<&NeonLocalInitPageserverConf> for PageServerConf {
            listen_pg_addr: listen_pg_addr.clone(),
            listen_http_addr: listen_http_addr.clone(),
            listen_https_addr: listen_https_addr.clone(),
-            listen_grpc_addr: listen_grpc_addr.clone(),
            pg_auth_type: *pg_auth_type,
-            grpc_auth_type: *grpc_auth_type,
            http_auth_type: *http_auth_type,
            no_sync: *no_sync,
        }
@@ -717,10 +707,8 @@ impl LocalEnv {
                    listen_pg_addr: String,
                    listen_http_addr: String,
                    listen_https_addr: Option<String>,
-                    listen_grpc_addr: Option<String>,
                    pg_auth_type: AuthType,
                    http_auth_type: AuthType,
-                    grpc_auth_type: AuthType,
                    #[serde(default)]
                    no_sync: bool,
                }
@@ -744,10 +732,8 @@ impl LocalEnv {
                    listen_pg_addr,
                    listen_http_addr,
                    listen_https_addr,
-                    listen_grpc_addr,
                    pg_auth_type,
                    http_auth_type,
-                    grpc_auth_type,
                    no_sync,
                } = config_toml;
                let IdentityTomlSubset {
@@ -764,10 +750,8 @@ impl LocalEnv {
                    listen_pg_addr,
                    listen_http_addr,
                    listen_https_addr,
-                    listen_grpc_addr,
                    pg_auth_type,
                    http_auth_type,
-                    grpc_auth_type,
                    no_sync,
                };
                pageservers.push(conf);
--- a/control_plane/src/pageserver.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/pageserver.rs
@@ -129,9 +129,7 @@ impl PageServerNode {
            ));
        }

-        if [conf.http_auth_type, conf.pg_auth_type, conf.grpc_auth_type]
-            .contains(&AuthType::NeonJWT)
-        {
+        if conf.http_auth_type != AuthType::Trust || conf.pg_auth_type != AuthType::Trust {
            // Keys are generated in the toplevel repo dir, pageservers' workdirs
            // are one level below that, so refer to keys with ../
            overrides.push("auth_validation_public_key_path='../auth_public_key.pem'".to_owned());
@@ -548,16 +546,6 @@ impl PageServerNode {
                .map(serde_json::from_str)
                .transpose()
                .context("Falied to parse 'sampling_ratio'")?,
-            relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity: settings
-                .remove("relsize snapshot cache capacity")
-                .map(|x| x.parse::<usize>())
-                .transpose()
-                .context("Falied to parse 'relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity' as integer")?,
-            basebackup_cache_enabled: settings
-                .remove("basebackup_cache_enabled")
-                .map(|x| x.parse::<bool>())
-                .transpose()
-                .context("Failed to parse 'basebackup_cache_enabled' as bool")?,
        };
        if !settings.is_empty() {
            bail!("Unrecognized tenant settings: {settings:?}")
--- a/docker-compose/compute_wrapper/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker-compose/compute_wrapper/Dockerfile
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ RUN echo 'Acquire::Retries "5";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80-retries && \
                       jq   \
                       netcat-openbsd
 #This is required for the pg_hintplan test
-RUN mkdir -p /ext-src/pg_hint_plan-src /postgres/contrib/file_fdw /ext-src/postgis-src/ && chown postgres /ext-src/pg_hint_plan-src /postgres/contrib/file_fdw /ext-src/postgis-src
+RUN mkdir -p /ext-src/pg_hint_plan-src /postgres/contrib/file_fdw && chown postgres /ext-src/pg_hint_plan-src /postgres/contrib/file_fdw

 USER postgres
--- a/docker-compose/compute_wrapper/shell/compute.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/compute_wrapper/shell/compute.sh
@@ -1,36 +1,28 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#!/bin/bash
 set -eux

 # Generate a random tenant or timeline ID
 #
 # Takes a variable name as argument. The result is stored in that variable.
 generate_id() {
-    local -n resvar=${1}
-    printf -v resvar '%08x%08x%08x%08x' ${SRANDOM} ${SRANDOM} ${SRANDOM} ${SRANDOM}
+    local -n resvar=$1
+    printf -v resvar '%08x%08x%08x%08x' $SRANDOM $SRANDOM $SRANDOM $SRANDOM
 }

 PG_VERSION=${PG_VERSION:-14}

-readonly CONFIG_FILE_ORG=/var/db/postgres/configs/config.json
-readonly CONFIG_FILE=/tmp/config.json
-
-# Test that the first library path that the dynamic loader looks in is the path
-# that we use for custom compiled software
-first_path="$(ldconfig --verbose 2>/dev/null \
-    | grep --invert-match ^$'\t' \
-    | cut --delimiter=: --fields=1 \
-    | head --lines=1)"
-test "${first_path}" = '/usr/local/lib'
+CONFIG_FILE_ORG=/var/db/postgres/configs/config.json
+CONFIG_FILE=/tmp/config.json

 echo "Waiting pageserver become ready."
 while ! nc -z pageserver 6400; do
-     sleep 1
+     sleep 1;
 done
 echo "Page server is ready."

-cp "${CONFIG_FILE_ORG}" "${CONFIG_FILE}"
+cp ${CONFIG_FILE_ORG} ${CONFIG_FILE}

- if [[ -n "${TENANT_ID:-}" && -n "${TIMELINE_ID:-}" ]]; then
+ if [ -n "${TENANT_ID:-}" ] && [ -n "${TIMELINE_ID:-}" ]; then
   tenant_id=${TENANT_ID}
   timeline_id=${TIMELINE_ID}
 else
@@ -41,7 +33,7 @@ else
       "http://pageserver:9898/v1/tenant"
  )
  tenant_id=$(curl "${PARAMS[@]}" | jq -r .[0].id)
-  if [[ -z "${tenant_id}" || "${tenant_id}" = null ]]; then
+  if [ -z "${tenant_id}" ] || [ "${tenant_id}" = null ]; then
    echo "Create a tenant"
    generate_id tenant_id
    PARAMS=(
@@ -51,7 +43,7 @@ else
        "http://pageserver:9898/v1/tenant/${tenant_id}/location_config"
    )
    result=$(curl "${PARAMS[@]}")
-    printf '%s\n' "${result}" | jq .
+    echo $result | jq .
  fi

  echo "Check if a timeline present"
@@ -61,7 +53,7 @@ else
       "http://pageserver:9898/v1/tenant/${tenant_id}/timeline"
  )
  timeline_id=$(curl "${PARAMS[@]}" | jq -r .[0].timeline_id)
-  if [[ -z "${timeline_id}" || "${timeline_id}" = null ]]; then
+  if [ -z "${timeline_id}" ] || [ "${timeline_id}" = null ]; then
    generate_id timeline_id
    PARAMS=(
        -sbf
@@ -71,7 +63,7 @@ else
        "http://pageserver:9898/v1/tenant/${tenant_id}/timeline/"
    )
    result=$(curl "${PARAMS[@]}")
-    printf '%s\n' "${result}" | jq .
+    echo $result | jq .
  fi
 fi

@@ -82,10 +74,10 @@ else
 fi
 echo "Adding pgx_ulid"
 shared_libraries=$(jq -r '.spec.cluster.settings[] | select(.name=="shared_preload_libraries").value' ${CONFIG_FILE})
-sed -i "s|${shared_libraries}|${shared_libraries},${ulid_extension}|" ${CONFIG_FILE}
+sed -i "s/${shared_libraries}/${shared_libraries},${ulid_extension}/" ${CONFIG_FILE}
 echo "Overwrite tenant id and timeline id in spec file"
-sed -i "s|TENANT_ID|${tenant_id}|" ${CONFIG_FILE}
-sed -i "s|TIMELINE_ID|${timeline_id}|" ${CONFIG_FILE}
+sed -i "s/TENANT_ID/${tenant_id}/" ${CONFIG_FILE}
+sed -i "s/TIMELINE_ID/${timeline_id}/" ${CONFIG_FILE}

 cat ${CONFIG_FILE}

@@ -93,5 +85,5 @@ echo "Start compute node"
 /usr/local/bin/compute_ctl --pgdata /var/db/postgres/compute \
     -C "postgresql://cloud_admin@localhost:55433/postgres"  \
     -b /usr/local/bin/postgres                              \
-     --compute-id "compute-${RANDOM}"                          \
-     --config "${CONFIG_FILE}"
+     --compute-id "compute-$RANDOM"                          \
+     --config "$CONFIG_FILE"
--- a/docker-compose/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose/docker-compose.yml
@@ -186,14 +186,13 @@ services:

  neon-test-extensions:
    profiles: ["test-extensions"]
-    image: ${REPOSITORY:-ghcr.io/neondatabase}/neon-test-extensions-v${PG_TEST_VERSION:-${PG_VERSION:-16}}:${TEST_EXTENSIONS_TAG:-${TAG:-latest}}
+    image: ${REPOSITORY:-ghcr.io/neondatabase}/neon-test-extensions-v${PG_TEST_VERSION:-16}:${TEST_EXTENSIONS_TAG:-${TAG:-latest}}
    environment:
-      - PGUSER=${PGUSER:-cloud_admin}
-      - PGPASSWORD=${PGPASSWORD:-cloud_admin}
+      - PGPASSWORD=cloud_admin
    entrypoint:
      - "/bin/bash"
      - "-c"
    command:
-      - sleep 3600
+      - sleep 1800
    depends_on:
      - compute
--- a/docker-compose/docker_compose_test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/docker_compose_test.sh
@@ -54,15 +54,6 @@ for pg_version in ${TEST_VERSION_ONLY-14 15 16 17}; do
        # It cannot be moved to Dockerfile now because the database directory is created after the start of the container
        echo Adding dummy config
        docker compose exec compute touch /var/db/postgres/compute/compute_ctl_temp_override.conf
-        # Prepare for the PostGIS test
-        docker compose exec compute mkdir -p /tmp/pgis_reg/pgis_reg_tmp
-        TMPDIR=$(mktemp -d)
-        docker compose cp neon-test-extensions:/ext-src/postgis-src/raster/test "${TMPDIR}"
-        docker compose cp neon-test-extensions:/ext-src/postgis-src/regress/00-regress-install "${TMPDIR}"
-        docker compose exec compute mkdir -p /ext-src/postgis-src/raster /ext-src/postgis-src/regress /ext-src/postgis-src/regress/00-regress-install
-        docker compose cp "${TMPDIR}/test" compute:/ext-src/postgis-src/raster/test
-        docker compose cp "${TMPDIR}/00-regress-install" compute:/ext-src/postgis-src/regress
-        rm -rf "${TMPDIR}"
        # The following block copies the files for the pg_hintplan test to the compute node for the extension test in an isolated docker-compose environment
        TMPDIR=$(mktemp -d)
        docker compose cp neon-test-extensions:/ext-src/pg_hint_plan-src/data "${TMPDIR}/data"
@@ -77,7 +68,7 @@ for pg_version in ${TEST_VERSION_ONLY-14 15 16 17}; do
        docker compose exec -T neon-test-extensions bash -c "(cd /postgres && patch -p1)" <"../compute/patches/contrib_pg${pg_version}.patch"
        # We are running tests now
        rm -f testout.txt testout_contrib.txt
-        docker compose exec -e USE_PGXS=1 -e SKIP=timescaledb-src,rdkit-src,pg_jsonschema-src,kq_imcx-src,wal2json_2_5-src,rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en-src,rag_bge_small_en_v15-src \
+        docker compose exec -e USE_PGXS=1 -e SKIP=timescaledb-src,rdkit-src,postgis-src,pg_jsonschema-src,kq_imcx-src,wal2json_2_5-src,rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en-src,rag_bge_small_en_v15-src \
        neon-test-extensions /run-tests.sh /ext-src | tee testout.txt && EXT_SUCCESS=1 || EXT_SUCCESS=0
        docker compose exec -e SKIP=start-scripts,postgres_fdw,ltree_plpython,jsonb_plpython,jsonb_plperl,hstore_plpython,hstore_plperl,dblink,bool_plperl \
        neon-test-extensions /run-tests.sh /postgres/contrib | tee testout_contrib.txt && CONTRIB_SUCCESS=1 || CONTRIB_SUCCESS=0
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/alter_db.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/alter_db.sh
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-# We need these settings to get the expected output results.
-# We cannot use the environment variables e.g. PGTZ due to
-# https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/1287
-export DATABASE=${1:-contrib_regression}
-psql -c "ALTER DATABASE ${DATABASE} SET neon.allow_unstable_extensions='on'" \
-     -c "ALTER DATABASE ${DATABASE} SET DateStyle='Postgres,MDY'" \
-     -c "ALTER DATABASE ${DATABASE} SET TimeZone='America/Los_Angeles'" \
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/h3-pg-src/neon-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/h3-pg-src/neon-test.sh
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -ex
-cd "$(dirname "${0}")"
-PG_REGRESS=$(dirname "$(pg_config --pgxs)")/../test/regress/pg_regress
-dropdb --if-exists contrib_regression
-createdb contrib_regression
-cd h3_postgis/test
-psql -d contrib_regression -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis" -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis_raster" -c "CREATE EXTENSION h3" -c "CREATE EXTENSION h3_postgis"
-TESTS=$(echo sql/* | sed 's|sql/||g; s|\.sql||g')
-${PG_REGRESS} --use-existing --dbname contrib_regression ${TESTS}
-cd ../../h3/test
-TESTS=$(echo sql/* | sed 's|sql/||g; s|\.sql||g')
-dropdb --if-exists contrib_regression
-createdb contrib_regression
-psql -d contrib_regression -c "CREATE EXTENSION h3"
-${PG_REGRESS} --use-existing --dbname contrib_regression ${TESTS}
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/h3-pg-src/test-upgrade.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/h3-pg-src/test-upgrade.sh
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-set -ex
-cd "$(dirname ${0})"
-PG_REGRESS=$(dirname "$(pg_config --pgxs)")/../test/regress/pg_regress
-cd h3/test
-TESTS=$(echo sql/* | sed 's|sql/||g; s|\.sql||g')
-${PG_REGRESS} --use-existing --inputdir=./ --bindir='/usr/local/pgsql/bin'  --dbname=contrib_regression  ${TESTS}
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/online_advisor-src/neon-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/online_advisor-src/neon-test.sh
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-set -ex
-cd "$(dirname "${0}")"
-if [ -f Makefile ]; then
-  make installcheck
-fi
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/online_advisor-src/regular-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/online_advisor-src/regular-test.sh
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-set -ex
-cd "$(dirname ${0})"
-[ -f Makefile ] || exit 0
-dropdb --if-exist contrib_regression
-createdb contrib_regression
-PG_REGRESS=$(dirname "$(pg_config --pgxs)")/../test/regress/pg_regress
-TESTS=$(echo sql/* | sed 's|sql/||g; s|\.sql||g')
-${PG_REGRESS} --use-existing --inputdir=./ --bindir='/usr/local/pgsql/bin' --dbname=contrib_regression ${TESTS}
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/pg_graphql-src/regular-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/pg_graphql-src/regular-test.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ TESTS=${TESTS/row_level_security/}
 TESTS=${TESTS/sqli_connection/}
 dropdb --if-exist contrib_regression
 createdb contrib_regression
-. ../alter_db.sh
 psql -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 -f test/fixtures.sql -d contrib_regression
 ${REGRESS} --use-existing --dbname=contrib_regression --inputdir=${TESTDIR} ${TESTS}

--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/pgrag-src/regular-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/pgrag-src/regular-test.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ set -ex
 cd "$(dirname "${0}")"
 dropdb --if-exist contrib_regression
 createdb contrib_regression
-. ../alter_db.sh
 psql -d contrib_regression -c "CREATE EXTENSION vector" -c "CREATE EXTENSION rag"
 PG_REGRESS=$(dirname "$(pg_config --pgxs)")/../test/regress/pg_regress
 ${PG_REGRESS} --inputdir=./ --bindir='/usr/local/pgsql/bin'    --use-existing --load-extension=vector --load-extension=rag --dbname=contrib_regression basic_functions text_processing api_keys chunking_functions document_processing embedding_api_functions voyageai_functions
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/pgx_ulid-src/Makefile
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/pgx_ulid-src/Makefile
@@ -20,6 +20,5 @@ installcheck: regression-test
 regression-test:
 	dropdb --if-exists contrib_regression
 	createdb contrib_regression
-	../alter_db.sh
 	psql -d contrib_regression -c "CREATE EXTENSION $(EXTNAME)"
 	$(PG_REGRESS) --inputdir=. --outputdir=. --use-existing --dbname=contrib_regression $(REGRESS)
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/plv8-src/regular-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/plv8-src/regular-test.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ set -ex
 cd "$(dirname ${0})"
 dropdb --if-exist contrib_regression
 createdb contrib_regression
-. ../alter_db.sh
 PG_REGRESS=$(dirname "$(pg_config --pgxs)")/../test/regress/pg_regress
 REGRESS="$(make -n installcheck | awk '{print substr($0,index($0,"init-extension"));}')"
 REGRESS="${REGRESS/startup_perms/}"
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/README-Neon.md
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/README-Neon.md
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-# PostGIS Testing in Neon
-
-This directory contains configuration files and patches for running PostGIS tests in the Neon database environment.
-
-## Overview
-
-PostGIS is a spatial database extension for PostgreSQL that adds support for geographic objects. Testing PostGIS compatibility ensures that Neon's modifications to PostgreSQL don't break compatibility with this critical extension.
-
-## PostGIS Versions
-
- PostgreSQL v17: PostGIS 3.5.0
- PostgreSQL v14/v15/v16: PostGIS 3.3.3
-
-## Test Configuration
-
-The test setup includes:
-
- `postgis-no-upgrade-test.patch`: Disables upgrade tests by removing the upgrade test section from regress/runtest.mk
- `postgis-regular-v16.patch`: Version-specific patch for PostgreSQL v16
- `postgis-regular-v17.patch`: Version-specific patch for PostgreSQL v17
- `regular-test.sh`: Script to run PostGIS tests as a regular user
- `neon-test.sh`: Script to handle version-specific test configurations
- `raster_outdb_template.sql`: Template for raster tests with explicit file paths
-
-## Excluded Tests
-
-**Important Note:** The test exclusions listed below are specifically for regular-user tests against staging instances. These exclusions are necessary because staging instances run with limited privileges and cannot perform operations requiring superuser access. Docker-compose based tests are not affected by these exclusions.
-
-### Tests Requiring Superuser Permissions
-
-These tests cannot be run as a regular user:
- `estimatedextent`
- `regress/core/legacy`
- `regress/core/typmod`
- `regress/loader/TestSkipANALYZE`
- `regress/loader/TestANALYZE`
-
-### Tests Requiring Filesystem Access
-
-These tests need direct filesystem access that is only possible for superusers:
- `loader/load_outdb`
-
-### Tests with Flaky Results
-
-These tests have assumptions that don't always hold true:
- `regress/core/computed_columns` - Assumes computed columns always outperform alternatives, which is not consistently true
-
-### Tests Requiring Tunable Parameter Modifications
-
-These tests attempt to modify the `postgis.gdal_enabled_drivers` parameter, which is only accessible to superusers:
- `raster/test/regress/rt_wkb`
- `raster/test/regress/rt_addband`
- `raster/test/regress/rt_setbandpath`
- `raster/test/regress/rt_fromgdalraster`
- `raster/test/regress/rt_asgdalraster`
- `raster/test/regress/rt_astiff`
- `raster/test/regress/rt_asjpeg`
- `raster/test/regress/rt_aspng`
- `raster/test/regress/permitted_gdal_drivers`
- Loader tests: `BasicOutDB`, `Tiled10x10`, `Tiled10x10Copy`, `Tiled8x8`, `TiledAuto`, `TiledAutoSkipNoData`, `TiledAutoCopyn`
-
-### Topology Tests (v17 only)
- `populate_topology_layer`
- `renametopogeometrycolumn`
-
-## Other Modifications
-
- Binary.sql tests are modified to use explicit file paths
- Server-side SQL COPY commands (which require superuser privileges) are converted to client-side `\copy` commands
- Upgrade tests are disabled
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/neon-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/neon-test.sh
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-set -ex
-cd "$(dirname "$0")"
-if [[ ${PG_VERSION} = v17 ]]; then
-  sed -i '/computed_columns/d' regress/core/tests.mk
-fi
-patch -p1 <postgis-no-upgrade-test.patch
-trap 'echo Cleaning up; patch -R -p1 <postgis-no-upgrade-test.patch' EXIT
-make installcheck-base
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/postgis-no-upgrade-test.patch
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/postgis-no-upgrade-test.patch
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-diff --git a/regress/runtest.mk b/regress/runtest.mk
-index c051f03..010e493 100644
--- a/regress/runtest.mk
-+++ b/regress/runtest.mk
-@@ -24,16 +24,6 @@ check-regress:
- 
- 	POSTGIS_TOP_BUILD_DIR=$(abs_top_builddir) $(PERL) $(top_srcdir)/regress/run_test.pl $(RUNTESTFLAGS) $(RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL) $(TESTS)
- 
-	@if echo "$(RUNTESTFLAGS)" | grep -vq -- --upgrade; then \
-		echo "Running upgrade test as RUNTESTFLAGS did not contain that"; \
-		POSTGIS_TOP_BUILD_DIR=$(abs_top_builddir) $(PERL) $(top_srcdir)/regress/run_test.pl \
-      --upgrade \
-      $(RUNTESTFLAGS) \
-      $(RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL) \
-      $(TESTS); \
-	else \
-		echo "Skipping upgrade test as RUNTESTFLAGS already requested upgrades"; \
-	fi
- 
- check-long:
- 	$(PERL) $(top_srcdir)/regress/run_test.pl $(RUNTESTFLAGS) $(TESTS) $(TESTS_SLOW)
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/postgis-regular-v16.patch
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/postgis-regular-v16.patch
@@ -1,198 +0,0 @@
-diff --git a/raster/test/regress/tests.mk b/raster/test/regress/tests.mk
-index 00918e1..7e2b6cd 100644
--- a/raster/test/regress/tests.mk
-+++ b/raster/test/regress/tests.mk
-@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@ override RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL := \
-   $(RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL) \
-   --after-upgrade-script $(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/hooks/hook-after-upgrade-raster.sql
- 
-RASTER_TEST_FIRST = \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/check_gdal \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/load_outdb
-+RASTER_TEST_FIRST =
- 
- RASTER_TEST_LAST = \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/clean
-@@ -33,9 +31,7 @@ RASTER_TEST_IO = \
- 
- RASTER_TEST_BASIC_FUNC = \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_bytea \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_wkb \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/box3d \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_addband \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_band \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_tile
- 
-@@ -73,16 +69,10 @@ RASTER_TEST_BANDPROPS = \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_neighborhood \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_nearestvalue \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_pixelofvalue \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_polygon \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_setbandpath
-+	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_polygon
- 
- RASTER_TEST_UTILITY = \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_utility \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_fromgdalraster \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_asgdalraster \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_astiff \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_asjpeg \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_aspng \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_reclass \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_gdalwarp \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_gdalcontour \
-@@ -120,21 +110,13 @@ RASTER_TEST_SREL = \
- 
- RASTER_TEST_BUGS = \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/bug_test_car5 \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/permitted_gdal_drivers \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/tickets
- 
- RASTER_TEST_LOADER = \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Basic \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Projected \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicCopy \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicFilename \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicOutDB \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Tiled10x10 \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Tiled10x10Copy \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Tiled8x8 \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/TiledAuto \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/TiledAutoSkipNoData \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/TiledAutoCopyn
-+	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicFilename
- 
- RASTER_TESTS := $(RASTER_TEST_FIRST) \
- 	$(RASTER_TEST_METADATA) $(RASTER_TEST_IO) $(RASTER_TEST_BASIC_FUNC) \
-diff --git a/regress/core/binary.sql b/regress/core/binary.sql
-index 7a36b65..ad78fc7 100644
--- a/regress/core/binary.sql
-+++ b/regress/core/binary.sql
-@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
- SET client_min_messages TO warning;
-+
- CREATE SCHEMA tm;
- 
- CREATE TABLE tm.geoms (id serial, g geometry);
-@@ -31,24 +32,39 @@ SELECT st_force4d(g) FROM tm.geoms WHERE id < 15 ORDER BY id;
- INSERT INTO tm.geoms(g)
- SELECT st_setsrid(g,4326) FROM tm.geoms ORDER BY id;
- 
-COPY tm.geoms TO :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
-+-- define temp file path
-+\set tmpfile '/tmp/postgis_binary_test.dat'
-+
-+-- export
-+\set command '\\copy tm.geoms TO ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
-+:command
-+
-+-- import
- CREATE TABLE tm.geoms_in AS SELECT * FROM tm.geoms LIMIT 0;
-COPY tm.geoms_in FROM :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
-SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geoms_in i, tm.geoms o WHERE i.id = o.id
- AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g, o.g);
-+\set command '\\copy tm.geoms_in FROM ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
-+:command
-+
-+SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geoms_in i, tm.geoms o
-+WHERE i.id = o.id AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g, o.g);
- 
- CREATE TABLE tm.geogs AS SELECT id,g::geography FROM tm.geoms
- WHERE geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE '%CURVE%'
-   AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE '%CIRCULAR%'
-   AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE '%SURFACE%'
-   AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE 'TRIANGLE%'
-  AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE 'TIN%'
-;
-+  AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE 'TIN%';
- 
-COPY tm.geogs TO :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
-+-- export
-+\set command '\\copy tm.geogs TO ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
-+:command
-+
-+-- import
- CREATE TABLE tm.geogs_in AS SELECT * FROM tm.geogs LIMIT 0;
-COPY tm.geogs_in FROM :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
-SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geogs_in i, tm.geogs o WHERE i.id = o.id
- AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g::geometry, o.g::geometry);
-+\set command '\\copy tm.geogs_in FROM ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
-+:command
-+
-+SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geogs_in i, tm.geogs o
-+WHERE i.id = o.id AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g::geometry, o.g::geometry);
- 
- DROP SCHEMA tm CASCADE;
-+
-diff --git a/regress/core/tests.mk b/regress/core/tests.mk
-index 3abd7bc..94903c3 100644
--- a/regress/core/tests.mk
-+++ b/regress/core/tests.mk
-@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ current_dir := $(dir $(abspath $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))))
- RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL += \
-   --before-upgrade-script $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-before-upgrade.sql \
-   --after-upgrade-script  $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-after-upgrade.sql \
-  --after-create-script   $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-after-create.sql \
-   --before-uninstall-script $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-before-uninstall.sql
- 
- TESTS += \
-@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ TESTS += \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/dumppoints \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/dumpsegments \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/empty \
-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/estimatedextent \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/forcecurve \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/flatgeobuf \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/geography \
-@@ -55,7 +53,6 @@ TESTS += \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/out_marc21 \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/in_encodedpolyline \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/iscollection \
-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/legacy \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/letters \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/long_xact \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/lwgeom_regress \
-@@ -112,7 +109,6 @@ TESTS += \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/temporal_knn \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/tickets \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/twkb \
-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/typmod \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wkb \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wkt \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wmsservers \
-@@ -144,11 +140,6 @@ TESTS_SLOW = \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/concave_hull_hard \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/knn_recheck
- 
-ifeq ($(shell expr "$(POSTGIS_PGSQL_VERSION)" ">=" 120),1)
-	TESTS += \
-		$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/computed_columns
-endif
-
- ifeq ($(shell expr "$(POSTGIS_GEOS_VERSION)" ">=" 30700),1)
- 	# GEOS-3.7 adds:
- 	# ST_FrechetDistance
-diff --git a/regress/loader/tests.mk b/regress/loader/tests.mk
-index 1fc77ac..c3cb9de 100644
--- a/regress/loader/tests.mk
-+++ b/regress/loader/tests.mk
-@@ -38,7 +38,5 @@ TESTS += \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/Latin1 \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/Latin1-implicit \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/mfile \
-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/TestSkipANALYZE \
-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/TestANALYZE \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/CharNoWidth
- 
-diff --git a/regress/run_test.pl b/regress/run_test.pl
-index 0ec5b2d..1c331f4 100755
--- a/regress/run_test.pl
-+++ b/regress/run_test.pl
-@@ -147,7 +147,6 @@ $ENV{"LANG"} = "C";
- # Add locale info to the psql options
- # Add pg12 precision suppression
- my $PGOPTIONS = $ENV{"PGOPTIONS"};
-$PGOPTIONS .= " -c lc_messages=C";
- $PGOPTIONS .= " -c client_min_messages=NOTICE";
- $PGOPTIONS .= " -c extra_float_digits=0";
- $ENV{"PGOPTIONS"} = $PGOPTIONS;
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/postgis-regular-v17.patch
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/postgis-regular-v17.patch
@@ -1,218 +0,0 @@
-diff --git a/raster/test/regress/tests.mk b/raster/test/regress/tests.mk
-index 00918e1..7e2b6cd 100644
--- a/raster/test/regress/tests.mk
-+++ b/raster/test/regress/tests.mk
-@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@ override RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL := \
-   $(RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL) \
-   --after-upgrade-script $(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/hooks/hook-after-upgrade-raster.sql
- 
-RASTER_TEST_FIRST = \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/check_gdal \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/load_outdb
-+RASTER_TEST_FIRST =
- 
- RASTER_TEST_LAST = \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/clean
-@@ -33,9 +31,7 @@ RASTER_TEST_IO = \
- 
- RASTER_TEST_BASIC_FUNC = \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_bytea \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_wkb \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/box3d \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_addband \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_band \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_tile
- 
-@@ -73,16 +69,10 @@ RASTER_TEST_BANDPROPS = \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_neighborhood \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_nearestvalue \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_pixelofvalue \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_polygon \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_setbandpath
-+	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_polygon
- 
- RASTER_TEST_UTILITY = \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_utility \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_fromgdalraster \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_asgdalraster \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_astiff \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_asjpeg \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_aspng \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_reclass \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_gdalwarp \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_gdalcontour \
-@@ -120,21 +110,13 @@ RASTER_TEST_SREL = \
- 
- RASTER_TEST_BUGS = \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/bug_test_car5 \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/permitted_gdal_drivers \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/tickets
- 
- RASTER_TEST_LOADER = \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Basic \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Projected \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicCopy \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicFilename \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicOutDB \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Tiled10x10 \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Tiled10x10Copy \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Tiled8x8 \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/TiledAuto \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/TiledAutoSkipNoData \
-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/TiledAutoCopyn
-+	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicFilename
- 
- RASTER_TESTS := $(RASTER_TEST_FIRST) \
- 	$(RASTER_TEST_METADATA) $(RASTER_TEST_IO) $(RASTER_TEST_BASIC_FUNC) \
-diff --git a/regress/core/binary.sql b/regress/core/binary.sql
-index 7a36b65..ad78fc7 100644
--- a/regress/core/binary.sql
-+++ b/regress/core/binary.sql
-@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
- SET client_min_messages TO warning;
-+
- CREATE SCHEMA tm;
- 
- CREATE TABLE tm.geoms (id serial, g geometry);
-@@ -31,24 +32,39 @@ SELECT st_force4d(g) FROM tm.geoms WHERE id < 15 ORDER BY id;
- INSERT INTO tm.geoms(g)
- SELECT st_setsrid(g,4326) FROM tm.geoms ORDER BY id;
- 
-COPY tm.geoms TO :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
-+-- define temp file path
-+\set tmpfile '/tmp/postgis_binary_test.dat'
-+
-+-- export
-+\set command '\\copy tm.geoms TO ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
-+:command
-+
-+-- import
- CREATE TABLE tm.geoms_in AS SELECT * FROM tm.geoms LIMIT 0;
-COPY tm.geoms_in FROM :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
-SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geoms_in i, tm.geoms o WHERE i.id = o.id
- AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g, o.g);
-+\set command '\\copy tm.geoms_in FROM ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
-+:command
-+
-+SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geoms_in i, tm.geoms o
-+WHERE i.id = o.id AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g, o.g);
- 
- CREATE TABLE tm.geogs AS SELECT id,g::geography FROM tm.geoms
- WHERE geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE '%CURVE%'
-   AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE '%CIRCULAR%'
-   AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE '%SURFACE%'
-   AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE 'TRIANGLE%'
-  AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE 'TIN%'
-;
-+  AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE 'TIN%';
- 
-COPY tm.geogs TO :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
-+-- export
-+\set command '\\copy tm.geogs TO ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
-+:command
-+
-+-- import
- CREATE TABLE tm.geogs_in AS SELECT * FROM tm.geogs LIMIT 0;
-COPY tm.geogs_in FROM :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
-SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geogs_in i, tm.geogs o WHERE i.id = o.id
- AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g::geometry, o.g::geometry);
-+\set command '\\copy tm.geogs_in FROM ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
-+:command
-+
-+SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geogs_in i, tm.geogs o
-+WHERE i.id = o.id AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g::geometry, o.g::geometry);
- 
- DROP SCHEMA tm CASCADE;
-+
-diff --git a/regress/core/tests.mk b/regress/core/tests.mk
-index 9e05244..a63a3e1 100644
--- a/regress/core/tests.mk
-+++ b/regress/core/tests.mk
-@@ -16,14 +16,13 @@ POSTGIS_PGSQL_VERSION=170
- POSTGIS_GEOS_VERSION=31101
- HAVE_JSON=yes
- HAVE_SPGIST=yes
-INTERRUPTTESTS=yes
-+INTERRUPTTESTS=no
- 
- current_dir := $(dir $(abspath $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))))
- 
- RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL += \
-   --before-upgrade-script $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-before-upgrade.sql \
-   --after-upgrade-script  $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-after-upgrade.sql \
-  --after-create-script   $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-after-create.sql \
-   --before-uninstall-script $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-before-uninstall.sql
- 
- TESTS += \
-@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ TESTS += \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/dumppoints \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/dumpsegments \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/empty \
-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/estimatedextent \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/forcecurve \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/flatgeobuf \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/frechet \
-@@ -60,7 +58,6 @@ TESTS += \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/out_marc21 \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/in_encodedpolyline \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/iscollection \
-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/legacy \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/letters \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/lwgeom_regress \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/measures \
-@@ -119,7 +116,6 @@ TESTS += \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/temporal_knn \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/tickets \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/twkb \
-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/typmod \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wkb \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wkt \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wmsservers \
-@@ -143,8 +139,7 @@ TESTS += \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/oriented_envelope \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/point_coordinates \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/out_geojson \
-  $(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wrapx \
-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/computed_columns
-+  $(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wrapx 
- 
- # Slow slow tests
- TESTS_SLOW = \
-diff --git a/regress/loader/tests.mk b/regress/loader/tests.mk
-index ac4f8ad..4bad4fc 100644
--- a/regress/loader/tests.mk
-+++ b/regress/loader/tests.mk
-@@ -38,7 +38,5 @@ TESTS += \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/Latin1 \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/Latin1-implicit \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/mfile \
-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/TestSkipANALYZE \
-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/TestANALYZE \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/CharNoWidth \
- 
-diff --git a/regress/run_test.pl b/regress/run_test.pl
-index cac4b2e..4c7c82b 100755
--- a/regress/run_test.pl
-+++ b/regress/run_test.pl
-@@ -238,7 +238,6 @@ $ENV{"LANG"} = "C";
- # Add locale info to the psql options
- # Add pg12 precision suppression
- my $PGOPTIONS = $ENV{"PGOPTIONS"};
-$PGOPTIONS .= " -c lc_messages=C";
- $PGOPTIONS .= " -c client_min_messages=NOTICE";
- $PGOPTIONS .= " -c extra_float_digits=0";
- $ENV{"PGOPTIONS"} = $PGOPTIONS;
-diff --git a/topology/test/tests.mk b/topology/test/tests.mk
-index cbe2633..2c7c18f 100644
--- a/topology/test/tests.mk
-+++ b/topology/test/tests.mk
-@@ -46,9 +46,7 @@ TESTS += \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/legacy_query.sql \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/legacy_validate.sql \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/polygonize.sql \
-	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/populate_topology_layer.sql \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/removeunusedprimitives.sql \
-	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/renametopogeometrycolumn.sql \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/renametopology.sql \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/share_sequences.sql \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/sqlmm.sql \
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/raster_outdb_template.sql
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/raster_outdb_template.sql
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/regular-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/regular-test.sh
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-set -ex
-cd "$(dirname "${0}")"
-dropdb --if-exist contrib_regression
-createdb contrib_regression
-psql -d contrib_regression -c "ALTER DATABASE contrib_regression SET TimeZone='UTC'" \
-     -c "ALTER DATABASE contrib_regression SET DateStyle='ISO, MDY'" \
-     -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis SCHEMA public" \
-     -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology" \
-     -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis_tiger_geocoder CASCADE" \
-     -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis_raster SCHEMA public" \
-     -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis_sfcgal SCHEMA public"
-patch -p1 <postgis-no-upgrade-test.patch
-patch -p1 <"postgis-regular-${PG_VERSION}.patch"
-psql -d contrib_regression -f raster_outdb_template.sql
-trap 'patch -R -p1 <postgis-no-upgrade-test.patch && patch -R -p1 <"postgis-regular-${PG_VERSION}.patch"' EXIT
-POSTGIS_REGRESS_DB=contrib_regression RUNTESTFLAGS=--nocreate make installcheck-base
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/rag_bge_small_en_v15-src/Makefile
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/rag_bge_small_en_v15-src/Makefile
@@ -11,6 +11,5 @@ PG_REGRESS := $(dir $(PGXS))../../src/test/regress/pg_regress
 installcheck:
 	dropdb --if-exists contrib_regression
 	createdb contrib_regression
-	../alter_db.sh
 	psql -d contrib_regression -c "CREATE EXTENSION vector" -c "CREATE EXTENSION rag_bge_small_en_v15"
 	$(PG_REGRESS) --use-existing --dbname=contrib_regression $(REGRESS)
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en-src/Makefile
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en-src/Makefile
@@ -11,6 +11,5 @@ PG_REGRESS := $(dir $(PGXS))../../src/test/regress/pg_regress
 installcheck:
 	dropdb --if-exists contrib_regression
 	createdb contrib_regression
-	../alter_db.sh
 	psql -d contrib_regression -c "CREATE EXTENSION vector" -c "CREATE EXTENSION rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en"
 	$(PG_REGRESS) --use-existing --dbname=contrib_regression $(REGRESS)
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/rum-src/regular-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/rum-src/regular-test.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,5 @@ set -ex
 cd "$(dirname ${0})"
 dropdb --if-exist contrib_regression
 createdb contrib_regression
-. ../alter_db.sh
 PG_REGRESS=$(dirname "$(pg_config --pgxs)")/../test/regress/pg_regress
 ${PG_REGRESS} --inputdir=./ --bindir='/usr/local/pgsql/bin' --use-existing --dbname=contrib_regression rum rum_hash ruminv timestamp orderby orderby_hash altorder altorder_hash limits int2 int4 int8 float4 float8 money oid time timetz date interval macaddr inet cidr text varchar char bytea bit varbit numeric rum_weight expr array
--- a/docker-compose/run-tests.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/run-tests.sh
@@ -63,9 +63,5 @@ done
 for d in ${FAILED}; do
  cat "$(find $d -name regression.diffs)"
 done
-for postgis_diff in /tmp/pgis_reg/*_diff; do
-  echo "${postgis_diff}:"
-  cat "${postgis_diff}"
-done
 echo "${FAILED}"
 exit 1
--- a/docker-compose/test_extensions_upgrade.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/test_extensions_upgrade.sh
@@ -82,8 +82,7 @@ EXTENSIONS='[
 {"extname": "pg_ivm", "extdir": "pg_ivm-src"},
 {"extname": "pgjwt", "extdir": "pgjwt-src"},
 {"extname": "pgtap", "extdir": "pgtap-src"},
-{"extname": "pg_repack", "extdir": "pg_repack-src"},
-{"extname": "h3", "extdir": "h3-pg-src"}
+{"extname": "pg_repack", "extdir": "pg_repack-src"}
 ]'
 EXTNAMES=$(echo ${EXTENSIONS} | jq -r '.[].extname' | paste -sd ' ' -)
 COMPUTE_TAG=${NEW_COMPUTE_TAG} docker compose --profile test-extensions up --quiet-pull --build -d
--- a/docs/rfcs/043-bottom-most-gc-compaction.md
+++ b/docs/rfcs/043-bottom-most-gc-compaction.md
@@ -1,194 +0,0 @@
-# Bottommost Garbage-Collection Compaction
-
-## Summary
-
-The goal of this doc is to propose a way to reliably collect garbages below the GC horizon. This process is called bottom-most garbage-collect-compaction, and is part of the broader legacy-enhanced compaction that we plan to implement in the future.
-
-## Motivation
-
-The current GC algorithm will wait until the covering via image layers before collecting the garbages of a key region. Relying on image layer generation to generate covering images is not reliable. There are prior arts to generate feedbacks from the GC algorithm to the image generation process to accelerate garbage collection, but it slows down the system and creates write amplification.
-
-# Basic Idea
-
-![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/01-basic-idea.svg)
-
-The idea of bottom-most compaction is simple: we rewrite all layers that are below or intersect with the GC horizon to produce a flat level of image layers at the GC horizon and deltas above the GC horizon. In this process,
-
- All images and deltas ≤ GC horizon LSN will be dropped. This process collects garbages.
- We produce images for all keys involved in the compaction process at the GC horizon.
-
-Therefore, it can precisely collect all garbages below the horizon, and reduce the space amplification, i.e., in the staircase pattern (test_gc_feedback).
-
-![The staircase pattern in test_gc_feedback in the original compaction algorithm. The goal is to collect garbage below the red horizontal line.](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/12-staircase-test-gc-feedback.png)
-
-The staircase pattern in test_gc_feedback in the original compaction algorithm. The goal is to collect garbage below the red horizontal line.
-
-# Branches
-
-With branches, the bottom-most compaction should retain a snapshot of the keyspace at the `retain_lsn` so that the child branch can access data at the branch point. This requires some modifications to the basic bottom-most compaction algorithm that we sketched above. 
-
-![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/03-retain-lsn.svg)
-
-## Single Timeline w/ Snapshots: handle `retain_lsn`
-
-First let’s look into the case where we create branches over the main branch but don’t write any data to them (aka “snapshots”).
-
-The bottom-most compaction algorithm collects all deltas and images of a key and can make decisions on what data to retain. Given that we have a single key’s history as below:
-
-```
-LSN 0x10 -> A
-LSN 0x20 -> append B
-retain_lsn: 0x20
-LSN 0x30 -> append C
-LSN 0x40 -> append D
-retain_lsn: 0x40
-LSN 0x50 -> append E
-GC horizon: 0x50
-LSN 0x60 -> append F
-```
-
-The algorithm will produce:
-
-```
-LSN 0x20 -> AB
-(drop all history below the earliest retain_lsn)
-LSN 0x40 -> ABCD
-(assume the cost of replaying 2 deltas is higher than storing the full image, we generate an image here)
-LSN 0x50 -> append E
-(replay one delta is cheap)
-LSN 0x60 -> append F
-(keep everything as-is above the GC horizon)
-```
-
-![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/05-btmgc-parent.svg)
-
-What happens is that we balance the space taken by each retain_lsn and the cost of replaying deltas during the bottom-most compaction process. This is controlled by a threshold. If `count(deltas) < $threshold`, the deltas will be retained. Otherwise, an image will be generated and the deltas will be dropped.
-
-In the example above, the `$threshold` is 2.
-
-## Child Branches with data: pull + partial images
-
-In the previous section we have shown how bottom-most compaction respects `retain_lsn` so that all data that was readable at branch creation remains readable. But branches can have data on their own, and that data can fall out of the branch’s PITR window. So, this section explains how we deal with that.
-
-We will run the same bottom-most compaction for these branches, to ensure the space amplification on the child branch is reasonable. 
-
-```
-branch_lsn: 0x20
-LSN 0x30 -> append P
-LSN 0x40 -> append Q
-LSN 0x50 -> append R
-GC horizon: 0x50
-LSN 0x60 -> append S
-```
-
-Note that bottom-most compaction happens on a per-timeline basis. When it processes this key, it only reads the history from LSN 0x30 without a base image. Therefore, on child branches, the bottom-most compaction process will make image creation decisions based on the same `count(deltas) < $threshold` criteria, and if it decides to create an image, the base image will be retrieved from the ancestor branch.
-
-```
-branch_lsn: 0x20
-LSN 0x50 -> ABPQR
-(we pull the image at LSN 0x20 from the ancestor branch to get AB, and then apply append PQ to the page; we replace the record at 0x40 with an image and drop the delta)
-GC horizon: 0x50
-LSN 0x60 -> append S
-```
-
-![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/06-btmgc-child.svg)
-
-Note that for child branches, we do not create image layers for the images when bottom-most compaction runs. Instead, we drop the 0x30/0x40/0x50 delta records and directly place the image ABPQR@0x50 into the delta layer, which serves as a sparse image layer. For child branches, if we create image layers, we will need to put all keys in the range into the image layer. This causes space bloat and slow compactions. In this proposal, the compaction process will only compact and process keys modified inside the child branch.
-
-# Result
-
-Bottom-most compaction ensures all garbage under the GC horizon gets collected right away (compared with “eventually” in the current algorithm). Meanwhile, it generates images at each of the retain_lsn to ensure branch reads are fast. As we make per-key decisions on whether to generate an image or not, the theoretical lower bound of the storage space we need to retain for a branch is lower than before.
-
-Before: min(sum(logs for each key), sum(image for each key)), for each partition — we always generate image layers on a key range
-
-After: sum(min(logs for each key, image for each key))
-
-# Compaction Trigger
-
-The bottom-most compaction can be automatically triggered. The goal of the trigger is that it should ensure a constant factor for write amplification. Say that the user write 1GB of WAL into the system, we should write 1GB x C data to S3. The legacy compaction algorithm does not have such a constant factor C. The data we write to S3 is quadratic to the logical size of the database (see [A Theoretical View of Neon Storage](https://www.notion.so/A-Theoretical-View-of-Neon-Storage-8d7ad7555b0c41b2a3597fa780911194?pvs=21)).
-
-We propose the following compaction trigger that generates a constant write amplification factor. Write amplification >= total writes to S3 / total user writes. We only analyze the write amplification caused by the bottom-most GC-compaction process, ignoring the legacy create image layers amplification.
-
-Given that we have ***X*** bytes of the delta layers above the GC horizon, ***A*** bytes of the delta layers intersecting with the GC horizon, ***B*** bytes of the delta layers below the GC horizon, and ***C*** bytes of the image layers below the GC horizon.
-
-The legacy GC + compaction loop will always keep ***A*** unchanged, reduce ***B and C*** when there are image layers covering the key range. This yields 0 write amplification (only file deletions) and extra ***B*** bytes of space.
-
-![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/09-btmgc-analysis-2.svg)
-
-The bottom-most compaction proposed here will split ***A*** into deltas above the GC horizon and below the GC horizon. Everything below the GC horizon will be image layers after the compaction (not considering branches). Therefore, this yields ***A+C*** extra write traffic each iteration, plus 0 extra space.
-
-![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/07-btmgc-analysis-1.svg)
-
-Also considering read amplification (below the GC horizon). When a read request reaches the GC horizon, the read amplification will be (A+B+C)/C=1+(A+B)/C. Reducing ***A*** and ***B*** can help reduce the read amplification below the GC horizon.
-
-The metrics-based trigger will wait until a point that space amplification is not that large and write amplification is not that large before the compaction gets triggered. The trigger is defined as **(A+B)/C ≥ 1 (or some other ratio)**.
-
-To reason about this trigger, consider the two cases:
-
-**Data Ingestion**
-
-User keeps ingesting data into the database, which indicates that WAL size roughly equals to the database logical size. The compaction gets triggered only when the newly-written WAL roughly equals to the current bottom-most image size (=X). Therefore, it’s triggered when the database size gets doubled. This is a reasonable amount of work. Write amplification is 2X/X=1 for the X amount of data written.
-
-![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/10-btmgc-analysis-3.svg)
-
-**Updates/Deletion**
-
-In this case, WAL size will be larger than the database logical size ***D***. The compaction gets triggered for every ***D*** bytes of WAL written. Therefore, for every ***D*** bytes of WAL, we rewrite the bottom-most layer, which produces an extra ***D*** bytes of write amplification. This incurs exactly 2x write amplification (by the write of D), 1.5x write amplification (if we count from the start of the process) and no space amplification. 
-
-![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/11-btmgc-analysis-4.svg)
-
-Note that here I try to reason that write amplification is a constant (i.e., the data we write to S3 is proportional to the data the user write). The main problem with the current legacy compaction algorithm is that write amplification is proportional to the database size.
-
-The next step is to optimize the write amplification above the GC horizon (i.e., change the image creation criteria, top-most compaction, or introduce tiered compaction), to ensure the write amplification of the whole system is a constant factor.
-
-20GB layers → +20GB layers → delete 20GB, need 40GB temporary space
-
-# Sub-Compactions
-
-The gc-compaction algorithm may take a long time and we need to split the job into multiple sub-compaction jobs.
-
-![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/13-job-split.svg)
-
-As in the figure, the auto-trigger schedules a compaction job covering the full keyspace below a specific LSN. In such case that we cannot finish compacting it in one run in a reasonable amount of time, the algorithm will vertically split it into multiple jobs (in this case, 5).
-
-Each gc-compaction job will create one level of delta layers and one flat level of image layers for each LSN. Those layers will be automatically split based on size, which means that if the sub-compaction job produces 1GB of deltas, it will produce 4 * 256MB delta layers. For those layers that is not fully contained within the sub-compaction job rectangles, it will be rewritten to only contain the keys outside of the key range.
-
-# Implementation
-
-The main implementation of gc-compaction is in `compaction.rs`.
-
-* `compact_with_gc`: The main loop of gc-compaction. It takes a rectangle range of the layer map and compact that specific range. It selects layers intersecting with the rectangle, downloads the layers, creates the k-merge iterator to read those layers in the key-lsn order, and decide which keys to keep or insert a reconstructed page. The process is the basic unit of a gc-compaction and is not interruptable. If the process gets preempted by L0 compaction, it has to be restarted from scratch. For layers overlaps with the rectangle but not fully inside, the main loop will also rewrite them so that the new layer (or two layers if both left and right ends are outside of the rectangle) has the same LSN range as the original one but only contain the keys outside of the compaction range.
-* `gc_compaction_split_jobs`: Splits a big gc-compaction job into sub-compactions based on heuristics in the layer map. The function looks at the layer map and splits the compaction job based on the size of the layers so that each compaction job only pulls ~4GB of layer files.
-* `generate_key_retention` and `KeyHistoryRetention`: Implements the algorithm described in the "basic idea" and "branch" chapter of this RFC. It takes a vector of history of a key (key-lsn-value) and decides which LSNs of the key to retain. If there are too many deltas between two retain_lsns, it will reconstruct the page and insert an image into the compaction result. Also, we implement `KeyHistoryRetention::verify` to ensure the generated result is not corrupted -- all retain_lsns and all LSNs above the gc-horizon should be accessible.
-* `GcCompactionQueue`: the automatic trigger implementation for gc-compaction. `GcCompactionQueue::iteration` is called at the end of the tenant compaction loop. It will then call `trigger_auto_compaction` to decide whether to trigger a gc-compaction job for this tenant. If yes, the compaction-job will be added to the compaction queue, and the queue will be slowly drained once there are no other compaction jobs running. gc-compaction has the lowest priority. If a sub-compaction job is not successful or gets preempted by L0 compaction (see limitations for reasons why a compaction job would fail), it will _not_ be retried.
-* Changes to `index_part.json`: we added a `last_completed_lsn` field to the index part for the auto-trigger to decide when to trigger a compaction.
-* Changes to the read path: when gc-compaction updates the layer map, all reads need to wait. See `gc_compaction_layer_update_lock` and comments in the code path for more information.
-
-Gc-compaction can also be scheduled over the HTTP API. Example:
-
-```
-curl 'localhost:9898/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id/compact?enhanced_gc_bottom_most_compaction=true&dry_run=true' -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"scheduled": true, "compact_key_range": { "start": "000000067F0000A0000002A1CF0100000000", "end": "000000067F0000A0000002A1D70100000000" } }'
-```
-
-The `dry_run` mode can be specified in the query string so that the compaction will go through all layers to estimate how much space can be saved without writing the compaction result into the layer map.
-
-The auto-trigger is controlled by tenant-level flag `gc_compaction_enabled`. If this is set to false, no gc-compaction will be automatically scheduled on this tenant (but manual trigger still works).
-
-# Next Steps
-
-There are still some limitations of gc-compaction itself that needs to be resolved and tested,
-
- gc-compaction is currently only automatically triggered on root branches. We have not tested gc-compaction on child branches in staging.
- gc-compaction will skip aux key regions because of the possible conflict with the assumption of aux file tombstones.
- gc-compaction does not consider keyspaces at retain_lsns and only look at keys in the layers. This also causes us giving up some sub-compaction jobs because a key might have part of its history available due to traditional GC removing part of the history.
- We limit gc-compaction to run over shards <= 150GB to avoid gc-compaction taking too much time blocking other compaction jobs. The sub-compaction split algorithm needs to be improved to be able to split vertically and horizontally. Also, we need to move the download layer process out of the compaction loop so that we don't block other compaction jobs for too long.
- The compaction trigger always schedules gc-compaction from the lowest LSN to the gc-horizon. Currently we do not schedule compaction jobs that only selects layers in the middle. Allowing this could potentially reduce the number of layers read/write throughout the process.
- gc-compaction will give up if there are too many layers to rewrite or if there are not enough disk space for the compaction.
- gc-compaction sometimes fails with "no key produced during compaction", which means that all existing keys within the compaction range can be collected; but we don't have a way to write this information back to the layer map -- we cannot generate an empty image layer.
- We limit the maximum size of deltas for a single key to 512MB. If above this size, gc-compaction will give up. This can be resolved by changing `generate_key_retention` to be a stream instead of requiring to collect all the key history.
-
-In the future,
-
- Top-most compaction: ensure we always have an image coverage for the latest data (or near the latest data), so that reads will be fast at the latest LSN.
- Tiered compaction on deltas: ensure read from any LSN is fast.
- Per-timeline compaction → tenant-wide compaction?
--- a/docs/rfcs/images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/01-basic-idea.svg
+++ b/docs/rfcs/images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/01-basic-idea.svg
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
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--- a/docs/rfcs/images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/12-staircase-test-gc-feedback.png
+++ b/docs/rfcs/images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/12-staircase-test-gc-feedback.png
--- a/docs/rfcs/images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/13-job-split.svg
+++ b/docs/rfcs/images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/13-job-split.svg
@@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
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--- a/endpoint_storage/src/app.rs
+++ b/endpoint_storage/src/app.rs
@@ -462,8 +462,6 @@ MC4CAQAwBQYDK2VwBCIEID/Drmc1AA6U/znNRWpF3zEGegOATQxfkdWxitcOMsIH
        if var(REAL_S3_ENV).is_ok() {
            assert!(body.contains("remote_storage_s3_deleted_objects_total"));
        }
-
-        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
        assert!(body.contains("process_threads"));
    }

--- a/libs/compute_api/src/spec.rs
+++ b/libs/compute_api/src/spec.rs
@@ -178,9 +178,9 @@ pub struct ComputeSpec {
    /// JWT for authorizing requests to endpoint storage service
    pub endpoint_storage_token: Option<String>,

-    /// Download LFC state from endpoint_storage and pass it to Postgres on startup
+    /// If true, download LFC state from endpoint_storage and pass it to Postgres on startup
    #[serde(default)]
-    pub autoprewarm: bool,
+    pub prewarm_lfc_on_startup: bool,
 }

 /// Feature flag to signal `compute_ctl` to enable certain experimental functionality.
@@ -250,44 +250,34 @@ impl RemoteExtSpec {
        }

        match self.extension_data.get(real_ext_name) {
-            Some(_ext_data) => Ok((
-                real_ext_name.to_string(),
-                Self::build_remote_path(build_tag, pg_major_version, real_ext_name)?,
-            )),
+            Some(_ext_data) => {
+                // We have decided to use the Go naming convention due to Kubernetes.
+
+                let arch = match std::env::consts::ARCH {
+                    "x86_64" => "amd64",
+                    "aarch64" => "arm64",
+                    arch => arch,
+                };
+
+                // Construct the path to the extension archive
+                // BUILD_TAG/PG_MAJOR_VERSION/extensions/EXTENSION_NAME.tar.zst
+                //
+                // Keep it in sync with path generation in
+                // https://github.com/neondatabase/build-custom-extensions/tree/main
+                let archive_path_str = format!(
+                    "{build_tag}/{arch}/{pg_major_version}/extensions/{real_ext_name}.tar.zst"
+                );
+                Ok((
+                    real_ext_name.to_string(),
+                    RemotePath::from_string(&archive_path_str)?,
+                ))
+            }
            None => Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
                "real_ext_name {} is not found",
                real_ext_name
            )),
        }
    }
-
-    /// Get the architecture-specific portion of the remote extension path. We
-    /// use the Go naming convention due to Kubernetes.
-    fn get_arch() -> &'static str {
-        match std::env::consts::ARCH {
-            "x86_64" => "amd64",
-            "aarch64" => "arm64",
-            arch => arch,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Build a [`RemotePath`] for an extension.
-    fn build_remote_path(
-        build_tag: &str,
-        pg_major_version: &str,
-        ext_name: &str,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<RemotePath> {
-        let arch = Self::get_arch();
-
-        // Construct the path to the extension archive
-        // BUILD_TAG/PG_MAJOR_VERSION/extensions/EXTENSION_NAME.tar.zst
-        //
-        // Keep it in sync with path generation in
-        // https://github.com/neondatabase/build-custom-extensions/tree/main
-        RemotePath::from_string(&format!(
-            "{build_tag}/{arch}/{pg_major_version}/extensions/{ext_name}.tar.zst"
-        ))
-    }
 }

 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
@@ -528,37 +518,6 @@ mod tests {
            .expect("Library should be found");
    }

-    #[test]
-    fn remote_extension_path() {
-        let rspec: RemoteExtSpec = serde_json::from_value(serde_json::json!({
-            "public_extensions": ["ext"],
-            "custom_extensions": [],
-            "library_index": {
-                "extlib": "ext",
-            },
-            "extension_data": {
-                "ext": {
-                    "control_data": {
-                        "ext.control": ""
-                    },
-                    "archive_path": ""
-                }
-            },
-        }))
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let (_ext_name, ext_path) = rspec
-            .get_ext("ext", false, "latest", "v17")
-            .expect("Extension should be found");
-        // Starting with a forward slash would have consequences for the
-        // Url::join() that occurs when downloading a remote extension.
-        assert!(!ext_path.to_string().starts_with("/"));
-        assert_eq!(
-            ext_path,
-            RemoteExtSpec::build_remote_path("latest", "v17", "ext").unwrap()
-        );
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn parse_spec_file() {
        let file = File::open("tests/cluster_spec.json").unwrap();
--- a/libs/compute_api/tests/cluster_spec.json
+++ b/libs/compute_api/tests/cluster_spec.json
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
                "vartype": "bool"
            },
            {
-                "name": "autoprewarm",
+                "name": "prewarm_lfc_on_startup",
                "value": "off",
                "vartype": "bool"
            },
--- a/libs/metrics/src/hll.rs
+++ b/libs/metrics/src/hll.rs
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl<const N: usize> MetricType for HyperLogLogState<N> {
 }

 impl<const N: usize> HyperLogLogState<N> {
-    pub fn measure(&self, item: &(impl Hash + ?Sized)) {
+    pub fn measure(&self, item: &impl Hash) {
        // changing the hasher will break compatibility with previous measurements.
        self.record(BuildHasherDefault::<xxh3::Hash64>::default().hash_one(item));
    }
--- a/libs/metrics/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/metrics/src/lib.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ pub use prometheus::{

 pub mod launch_timestamp;
 mod wrappers;
-pub use prometheus;
 pub use wrappers::{CountedReader, CountedWriter};
 mod hll;
 pub use hll::{HyperLogLog, HyperLogLogState, HyperLogLogVec};
--- a/libs/neon-shmem/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libs/neon-shmem/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "neon-shmem"
-version = "0.1.0"
-edition.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-thiserror.workspace = true
-nix.workspace=true
-workspace_hack = { version = "0.1", path = "../../workspace_hack" }
-
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
-tempfile = "3.14.0"
--- a/libs/neon-shmem/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/neon-shmem/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,418 +0,0 @@
-//! Shared memory utilities for neon communicator
-
-use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
-use std::os::fd::{AsFd, BorrowedFd, OwnedFd};
-use std::ptr::NonNull;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
-
-use nix::errno::Errno;
-use nix::sys::mman::MapFlags;
-use nix::sys::mman::ProtFlags;
-use nix::sys::mman::mmap as nix_mmap;
-use nix::sys::mman::munmap as nix_munmap;
-use nix::unistd::ftruncate as nix_ftruncate;
-
-/// ShmemHandle represents a shared memory area that can be shared by processes over fork().
-/// Unlike shared memory allocated by Postgres, this area is resizable, up to 'max_size' that's
-/// specified at creation.
-///
-/// The area is backed by an anonymous file created with memfd_create(). The full address space for
-/// 'max_size' is reserved up-front with mmap(), but whenever you call [`ShmemHandle::set_size`],
-/// the underlying file is resized. Do not access the area beyond the current size. Currently, that
-/// will cause the file to be expanded, but we might use mprotect() etc. to enforce that in the
-/// future.
-pub struct ShmemHandle {
-    /// memfd file descriptor
-    fd: OwnedFd,
-
-    max_size: usize,
-
-    // Pointer to the beginning of the shared memory area. The header is stored there.
-    shared_ptr: NonNull<SharedStruct>,
-
-    // Pointer to the beginning of the user data
-    pub data_ptr: NonNull<u8>,
-}
-
-/// This is stored at the beginning in the shared memory area.
-struct SharedStruct {
-    max_size: usize,
-
-    /// Current size of the backing file. The high-order bit is used for the RESIZE_IN_PROGRESS flag
-    current_size: AtomicUsize,
-}
-
-const RESIZE_IN_PROGRESS: usize = 1 << 63;
-
-const HEADER_SIZE: usize = std::mem::size_of::<SharedStruct>();
-
-/// Error type returned by the ShmemHandle functions.
-#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
-#[error("{msg}: {errno}")]
-pub struct Error {
-    pub msg: String,
-    pub errno: Errno,
-}
-
-impl Error {
-    fn new(msg: &str, errno: Errno) -> Error {
-        Error {
-            msg: msg.to_string(),
-            errno,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ShmemHandle {
-    /// Create a new shared memory area. To communicate between processes, the processes need to be
-    /// fork()'d after calling this, so that the ShmemHandle is inherited by all processes.
-    ///
-    /// If the ShmemHandle is dropped, the memory is unmapped from the current process. Other
-    /// processes can continue using it, however.
-    pub fn new(name: &str, initial_size: usize, max_size: usize) -> Result<ShmemHandle, Error> {
-        // create the backing anonymous file.
-        let fd = create_backing_file(name)?;
-
-        Self::new_with_fd(fd, initial_size, max_size)
-    }
-
-    fn new_with_fd(
-        fd: OwnedFd,
-        initial_size: usize,
-        max_size: usize,
-    ) -> Result<ShmemHandle, Error> {
-        // We reserve the high-order bit for the RESIZE_IN_PROGRESS flag, and the actual size
-        // is a little larger than this because of the SharedStruct header. Make the upper limit
-        // somewhat smaller than that, because with anything close to that, you'll run out of
-        // memory anyway.
-        if max_size >= 1 << 48 {
-            panic!("max size {} too large", max_size);
-        }
-        if initial_size > max_size {
-            panic!("initial size {initial_size} larger than max size {max_size}");
-        }
-
-        // The actual initial / max size is the one given by the caller, plus the size of
-        // 'SharedStruct'.
-        let initial_size = HEADER_SIZE + initial_size;
-        let max_size = NonZeroUsize::new(HEADER_SIZE + max_size).unwrap();
-
-        // Reserve address space for it with mmap
-        //
-        // TODO: Use MAP_HUGETLB if possible
-        let start_ptr = unsafe {
-            nix_mmap(
-                None,
-                max_size,
-                ProtFlags::PROT_READ | ProtFlags::PROT_WRITE,
-                MapFlags::MAP_SHARED,
-                &fd,
-                0,
-            )
-        }
-        .map_err(|e| Error::new("mmap failed: {e}", e))?;
-
-        // Reserve space for the initial size
-        enlarge_file(fd.as_fd(), initial_size as u64)?;
-
-        // Initialize the header
-        let shared: NonNull<SharedStruct> = start_ptr.cast();
-        unsafe {
-            shared.write(SharedStruct {
-                max_size: max_size.into(),
-                current_size: AtomicUsize::new(initial_size),
-            })
-        };
-
-        // The user data begins after the header
-        let data_ptr = unsafe { start_ptr.cast().add(HEADER_SIZE) };
-
-        Ok(ShmemHandle {
-            fd,
-            max_size: max_size.into(),
-            shared_ptr: shared,
-            data_ptr,
-        })
-    }
-
-    // return reference to the header
-    fn shared(&self) -> &SharedStruct {
-        unsafe { self.shared_ptr.as_ref() }
-    }
-
-    /// Resize the shared memory area. 'new_size' must not be larger than the 'max_size' specified
-    /// when creating the area.
-    ///
-    /// This may only be called from one process/thread concurrently. We detect that case
-    /// and return an Error.
-    pub fn set_size(&self, new_size: usize) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let new_size = new_size + HEADER_SIZE;
-        let shared = self.shared();
-
-        if new_size > self.max_size {
-            panic!(
-                "new size ({} is greater than max size ({})",
-                new_size, self.max_size
-            );
-        }
-        assert_eq!(self.max_size, shared.max_size);
-
-        // Lock the area by setting the bit in 'current_size'
-        //
-        // Ordering::Relaxed would probably be sufficient here, as we don't access any other memory
-        // and the posix_fallocate/ftruncate call is surely a synchronization point anyway. But
-        // since this is not performance-critical, better safe than sorry .
-        let mut old_size = shared.current_size.load(Ordering::Acquire);
-        loop {
-            if (old_size & RESIZE_IN_PROGRESS) != 0 {
-                return Err(Error::new(
-                    "concurrent resize detected",
-                    Errno::UnknownErrno,
-                ));
-            }
-            match shared.current_size.compare_exchange(
-                old_size,
-                new_size,
-                Ordering::Acquire,
-                Ordering::Relaxed,
-            ) {
-                Ok(_) => break,
-                Err(x) => old_size = x,
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Ok, we got the lock.
-        //
-        // NB: If anything goes wrong, we *must* clear the bit!
-        let result = {
-            use std::cmp::Ordering::{Equal, Greater, Less};
-            match new_size.cmp(&old_size) {
-                Less => nix_ftruncate(&self.fd, new_size as i64).map_err(|e| {
-                    Error::new("could not shrink shmem segment, ftruncate failed: {e}", e)
-                }),
-                Equal => Ok(()),
-                Greater => enlarge_file(self.fd.as_fd(), new_size as u64),
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Unlock
-        shared.current_size.store(
-            if result.is_ok() { new_size } else { old_size },
-            Ordering::Release,
-        );
-
-        result
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the current user-visible size of the shared memory segment.
-    ///
-    /// NOTE: a concurrent set_size() call can change the size at any time. It is the caller's
-    /// responsibility not to access the area beyond the current size.
-    pub fn current_size(&self) -> usize {
-        let total_current_size =
-            self.shared().current_size.load(Ordering::Relaxed) & !RESIZE_IN_PROGRESS;
-        total_current_size - HEADER_SIZE
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for ShmemHandle {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        // SAFETY: The pointer was obtained from mmap() with the given size.
-        // We unmap the entire region.
-        let _ = unsafe { nix_munmap(self.shared_ptr.cast(), self.max_size) };
-        // The fd is dropped automatically by OwnedFd.
-    }
-}
-
-/// Create a "backing file" for the shared memory area. On Linux, use memfd_create(), to create an
-/// anonymous in-memory file. One macos, fall back to a regular file. That's good enough for
-/// development and testing, but in production we want the file to stay in memory.
-///
-/// disable 'unused_variables' warnings, because in the macos path, 'name' is unused.
-#[allow(unused_variables)]
-fn create_backing_file(name: &str) -> Result<OwnedFd, Error> {
-    #[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
-    {
-        nix::sys::memfd::memfd_create(name, nix::sys::memfd::MFdFlags::empty())
-            .map_err(|e| Error::new("memfd_create failed: {e}", e))
-    }
-    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-    {
-        let file = tempfile::tempfile().map_err(|e| {
-            Error::new(
-                "could not create temporary file to back shmem area: {e}",
-                nix::errno::Errno::from_raw(e.raw_os_error().unwrap_or(0)),
-            )
-        })?;
-        Ok(OwnedFd::from(file))
-    }
-}
-
-fn enlarge_file(fd: BorrowedFd, size: u64) -> Result<(), Error> {
-    // Use posix_fallocate() to enlarge the file. It reserves the space correctly, so that
-    // we don't get a segfault later when trying to actually use it.
-    #[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
-    {
-        nix::fcntl::posix_fallocate(fd, 0, size as i64).map_err(|e| {
-            Error::new(
-                "could not grow shmem segment, posix_fallocate failed: {e}",
-                e,
-            )
-        })
-    }
-    // As a fallback on macos, which doesn't have posix_fallocate, use plain 'fallocate'
-    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-    {
-        nix::unistd::ftruncate(fd, size as i64)
-            .map_err(|e| Error::new("could not grow shmem segment, ftruncate failed: {e}", e))
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    use nix::unistd::ForkResult;
-    use std::ops::Range;
-
-    /// check that all bytes in given range have the expected value.
-    fn assert_range(ptr: *const u8, expected: u8, range: Range<usize>) {
-        for i in range {
-            let b = unsafe { *(ptr.add(i)) };
-            assert_eq!(expected, b, "unexpected byte at offset {}", i);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Write 'b' to all bytes in the given range
-    fn write_range(ptr: *mut u8, b: u8, range: Range<usize>) {
-        unsafe { std::ptr::write_bytes(ptr.add(range.start), b, range.end - range.start) };
-    }
-
-    // simple single-process test of growing and shrinking
-    #[test]
-    fn test_shmem_resize() -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let max_size = 1024 * 1024;
-        let init_struct = ShmemHandle::new("test_shmem_resize", 0, max_size)?;
-
-        assert_eq!(init_struct.current_size(), 0);
-
-        // Initial grow
-        let size1 = 10000;
-        init_struct.set_size(size1).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(init_struct.current_size(), size1);
-
-        // Write some data
-        let data_ptr = init_struct.data_ptr.as_ptr();
-        write_range(data_ptr, 0xAA, 0..size1);
-        assert_range(data_ptr, 0xAA, 0..size1);
-
-        // Shrink
-        let size2 = 5000;
-        init_struct.set_size(size2).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(init_struct.current_size(), size2);
-
-        // Grow again
-        let size3 = 20000;
-        init_struct.set_size(size3).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(init_struct.current_size(), size3);
-
-        // Try to read it. The area that was shrunk and grown again should read as all zeros now
-        assert_range(data_ptr, 0xAA, 0..5000);
-        assert_range(data_ptr, 0, 5000..size1);
-
-        // Try to grow beyond max_size
-        //let size4 = max_size + 1;
-        //assert!(init_struct.set_size(size4).is_err());
-
-        // Dropping init_struct should unmap the memory
-        drop(init_struct);
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// This is used in tests to coordinate between test processes. It's like std::sync::Barrier,
-    /// but is stored in the shared memory area and works across processes. It's implemented by
-    /// polling, because e.g. standard rust mutexes are not guaranteed to work across processes.
-    struct SimpleBarrier {
-        num_procs: usize,
-        count: AtomicUsize,
-    }
-
-    impl SimpleBarrier {
-        unsafe fn init(ptr: *mut SimpleBarrier, num_procs: usize) {
-            unsafe {
-                *ptr = SimpleBarrier {
-                    num_procs,
-                    count: AtomicUsize::new(0),
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        pub fn wait(&self) {
-            let old = self.count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
-
-            let generation = old / self.num_procs;
-
-            let mut current = old + 1;
-            while current < (generation + 1) * self.num_procs {
-                std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(10));
-                current = self.count.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_multi_process() {
-        // Initialize
-        let max_size = 1_000_000_000_000;
-        let init_struct = ShmemHandle::new("test_multi_process", 0, max_size).unwrap();
-        let ptr = init_struct.data_ptr.as_ptr();
-
-        // Store the SimpleBarrier in the first 1k of the area.
-        init_struct.set_size(10000).unwrap();
-        let barrier_ptr: *mut SimpleBarrier = unsafe {
-            ptr.add(ptr.align_offset(std::mem::align_of::<SimpleBarrier>()))
-                .cast()
-        };
-        unsafe { SimpleBarrier::init(barrier_ptr, 2) };
-        let barrier = unsafe { barrier_ptr.as_ref().unwrap() };
-
-        // Fork another test process. The code after this runs in both processes concurrently.
-        let fork_result = unsafe { nix::unistd::fork().unwrap() };
-
-        // In the parent, fill bytes between 1000..2000. In the child, between 2000..3000
-        if fork_result.is_parent() {
-            write_range(ptr, 0xAA, 1000..2000);
-        } else {
-            write_range(ptr, 0xBB, 2000..3000);
-        }
-        barrier.wait();
-        // Verify the contents. (in both processes)
-        assert_range(ptr, 0xAA, 1000..2000);
-        assert_range(ptr, 0xBB, 2000..3000);
-
-        // Grow, from the child this time
-        let size = 10_000_000;
-        if !fork_result.is_parent() {
-            init_struct.set_size(size).unwrap();
-        }
-        barrier.wait();
-
-        // make some writes at the end
-        if fork_result.is_parent() {
-            write_range(ptr, 0xAA, (size - 10)..size);
-        } else {
-            write_range(ptr, 0xBB, (size - 20)..(size - 10));
-        }
-        barrier.wait();
-
-        // Verify the contents. (This runs in both processes)
-        assert_range(ptr, 0, (size - 1000)..(size - 20));
-        assert_range(ptr, 0xBB, (size - 20)..(size - 10));
-        assert_range(ptr, 0xAA, (size - 10)..size);
-
-        if let ForkResult::Parent { child } = fork_result {
-            nix::sys::wait::waitpid(child, None).unwrap();
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/config.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/config.rs
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ pub const DEFAULT_PG_LISTEN_PORT: u16 = 64000;
 pub const DEFAULT_PG_LISTEN_ADDR: &str = formatcp!("127.0.0.1:{DEFAULT_PG_LISTEN_PORT}");
 pub const DEFAULT_HTTP_LISTEN_PORT: u16 = 9898;
 pub const DEFAULT_HTTP_LISTEN_ADDR: &str = formatcp!("127.0.0.1:{DEFAULT_HTTP_LISTEN_PORT}");
-// TODO: gRPC is disabled by default for now, but the port is used in neon_local.
-pub const DEFAULT_GRPC_LISTEN_PORT: u16 = 51051; // storage-broker already uses 50051

 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::num::{NonZeroU64, NonZeroUsize};
@@ -45,21 +43,6 @@ pub struct NodeMetadata {
    pub other: HashMap<String, serde_json::Value>,
 }

-/// PostHog integration config.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub struct PostHogConfig {
-    /// PostHog project ID
-    pub project_id: String,
-    /// Server-side (private) API key
-    pub server_api_key: String,
-    /// Client-side (public) API key
-    pub client_api_key: String,
-    /// Private API URL
-    pub private_api_url: String,
-    /// Public API URL
-    pub public_api_url: String,
-}
-
 /// `pageserver.toml`
 ///
 /// We use serde derive with `#[serde(default)]` to generate a deserializer
@@ -121,7 +104,6 @@ pub struct ConfigToml {
    pub listen_pg_addr: String,
    pub listen_http_addr: String,
    pub listen_https_addr: Option<String>,
-    pub listen_grpc_addr: Option<String>,
    pub ssl_key_file: Utf8PathBuf,
    pub ssl_cert_file: Utf8PathBuf,
    #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
@@ -141,7 +123,6 @@ pub struct ConfigToml {
    pub http_auth_type: AuthType,
    #[serde_as(as = "serde_with::DisplayFromStr")]
    pub pg_auth_type: AuthType,
-    pub grpc_auth_type: AuthType,
    pub auth_validation_public_key_path: Option<Utf8PathBuf>,
    pub remote_storage: Option<RemoteStorageConfig>,
    pub tenant_config: TenantConfigToml,
@@ -181,7 +162,6 @@ pub struct ConfigToml {
    pub virtual_file_io_engine: Option<crate::models::virtual_file::IoEngineKind>,
    pub ingest_batch_size: u64,
    pub max_vectored_read_bytes: MaxVectoredReadBytes,
-    pub max_get_vectored_keys: MaxGetVectoredKeys,
    pub image_compression: ImageCompressionAlgorithm,
    pub timeline_offloading: bool,
    pub ephemeral_bytes_per_memory_kb: usize,
@@ -202,11 +182,7 @@ pub struct ConfigToml {
    pub tracing: Option<Tracing>,
    pub enable_tls_page_service_api: bool,
    pub dev_mode: bool,
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub posthog_config: Option<PostHogConfig>,
    pub timeline_import_config: TimelineImportConfig,
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub basebackup_cache_config: Option<BasebackupCacheConfig>,
 }

 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
@@ -230,7 +206,7 @@ pub enum PageServicePipeliningConfig {
 }
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct PageServicePipeliningConfigPipelined {
-    /// Failed config parsing and validation if larger than `max_get_vectored_keys`.
+    /// Causes runtime errors if larger than max get_vectored batch size.
    pub max_batch_size: NonZeroUsize,
    pub execution: PageServiceProtocolPipelinedExecutionStrategy,
    // The default below is such that new versions of the software can start
@@ -259,7 +235,7 @@ pub enum PageServiceProtocolPipelinedBatchingStrategy {
    ScatteredLsn,
 }

-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 #[serde(tag = "mode", rename_all = "kebab-case")]
 pub enum GetVectoredConcurrentIo {
    /// The read path is fully sequential: layers are visited
@@ -329,29 +305,6 @@ impl From<OtelExporterProtocol> for tracing_utils::Protocol {
 pub struct TimelineImportConfig {
    pub import_job_concurrency: NonZeroUsize,
    pub import_job_soft_size_limit: NonZeroUsize,
-    pub import_job_checkpoint_threshold: NonZeroUsize,
-    /// Max size of the remote storage partial read done by any job
-    pub import_job_max_byte_range_size: NonZeroUsize,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-#[serde(default)]
-pub struct BasebackupCacheConfig {
-    #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
-    pub cleanup_period: Duration,
-    // FIXME: Support max_size_bytes.
-    // pub max_size_bytes: usize,
-    pub max_size_entries: i64,
-}
-
-impl Default for BasebackupCacheConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            cleanup_period: Duration::from_secs(60),
-            // max_size_bytes: 1024 * 1024 * 1024, // 1 GiB
-            max_size_entries: 1000,
-        }
-    }
 }

 pub mod statvfs {
@@ -406,16 +359,6 @@ impl Default for EvictionOrder {
 #[serde(transparent)]
 pub struct MaxVectoredReadBytes(pub NonZeroUsize);

-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-#[serde(transparent)]
-pub struct MaxGetVectoredKeys(NonZeroUsize);
-
-impl MaxGetVectoredKeys {
-    pub fn get(&self) -> usize {
-        self.0.get()
-    }
-}
-
 /// Tenant-level configuration values, used for various purposes.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 #[serde(default)]
@@ -547,14 +490,6 @@ pub struct TenantConfigToml {
    /// Tenant level performance sampling ratio override. Controls the ratio of get page requests
    /// that will get perf sampling for the tenant.
    pub sampling_ratio: Option<Ratio>,
-
-    /// Capacity of relsize snapshot cache (used by replicas).
-    pub relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity: usize,
-
-    /// Enable preparing basebackup on XLOG_CHECKPOINT_SHUTDOWN and using it in basebackup requests.
-    // FIXME: Remove skip_serializing_if when the feature is stable.
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "std::ops::Not::not")]
-    pub basebackup_cache_enabled: bool,
 }

 pub mod defaults {
@@ -600,8 +535,6 @@ pub mod defaults {
    /// That is, slightly above 128 kB.
    pub const DEFAULT_MAX_VECTORED_READ_BYTES: usize = 130 * 1024; // 130 KiB

-    pub const DEFAULT_MAX_GET_VECTORED_KEYS: usize = 32;
-
    pub const DEFAULT_IMAGE_COMPRESSION: ImageCompressionAlgorithm =
        ImageCompressionAlgorithm::Zstd { level: Some(1) };

@@ -610,10 +543,7 @@ pub mod defaults {
    pub const DEFAULT_IO_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT: usize = 512;

    pub const DEFAULT_WAL_RECEIVER_PROTOCOL: utils::postgres_client::PostgresClientProtocol =
-        utils::postgres_client::PostgresClientProtocol::Interpreted {
-            format: utils::postgres_client::InterpretedFormat::Protobuf,
-            compression: Some(utils::postgres_client::Compression::Zstd { level: 1 }),
-        };
+        utils::postgres_client::PostgresClientProtocol::Vanilla;

    pub const DEFAULT_SSL_KEY_FILE: &str = "server.key";
    pub const DEFAULT_SSL_CERT_FILE: &str = "server.crt";
@@ -627,7 +557,6 @@ impl Default for ConfigToml {
            listen_pg_addr: (DEFAULT_PG_LISTEN_ADDR.to_string()),
            listen_http_addr: (DEFAULT_HTTP_LISTEN_ADDR.to_string()),
            listen_https_addr: (None),
-            listen_grpc_addr: None, // TODO: default to 127.0.0.1:51051
            ssl_key_file: Utf8PathBuf::from(DEFAULT_SSL_KEY_FILE),
            ssl_cert_file: Utf8PathBuf::from(DEFAULT_SSL_CERT_FILE),
            ssl_cert_reload_period: Duration::from_secs(60),
@@ -644,7 +573,6 @@ impl Default for ConfigToml {
            pg_distrib_dir: None, // Utf8PathBuf::from("./pg_install"), // TODO: formely, this was std::env::current_dir()
            http_auth_type: (AuthType::Trust),
            pg_auth_type: (AuthType::Trust),
-            grpc_auth_type: (AuthType::Trust),
            auth_validation_public_key_path: (None),
            remote_storage: None,
            broker_endpoint: (storage_broker::DEFAULT_ENDPOINT
@@ -703,9 +631,6 @@ impl Default for ConfigToml {
            max_vectored_read_bytes: (MaxVectoredReadBytes(
                NonZeroUsize::new(DEFAULT_MAX_VECTORED_READ_BYTES).unwrap(),
            )),
-            max_get_vectored_keys: (MaxGetVectoredKeys(
-                NonZeroUsize::new(DEFAULT_MAX_GET_VECTORED_KEYS).unwrap(),
-            )),
            image_compression: (DEFAULT_IMAGE_COMPRESSION),
            timeline_offloading: true,
            ephemeral_bytes_per_memory_kb: (DEFAULT_EPHEMERAL_BYTES_PER_MEMORY_KB),
@@ -714,15 +639,23 @@ impl Default for ConfigToml {
            tenant_config: TenantConfigToml::default(),
            no_sync: None,
            wal_receiver_protocol: DEFAULT_WAL_RECEIVER_PROTOCOL,
-            page_service_pipelining: PageServicePipeliningConfig::Pipelined(
-                PageServicePipeliningConfigPipelined {
+            page_service_pipelining: if !cfg!(test) {
+                PageServicePipeliningConfig::Serial
+            } else {
+                // Do not turn this into the default until scattered reads have been
+                // validated and rolled-out fully.
+                PageServicePipeliningConfig::Pipelined(PageServicePipeliningConfigPipelined {
                    max_batch_size: NonZeroUsize::new(32).unwrap(),
                    execution: PageServiceProtocolPipelinedExecutionStrategy::ConcurrentFutures,
                    batching: PageServiceProtocolPipelinedBatchingStrategy::ScatteredLsn,
-                },
-            ),
-            get_vectored_concurrent_io: GetVectoredConcurrentIo::SidecarTask,
-            enable_read_path_debugging: if cfg!(feature = "testing") {
+                })
+            },
+            get_vectored_concurrent_io: if !cfg!(test) {
+                GetVectoredConcurrentIo::Sequential
+            } else {
+                GetVectoredConcurrentIo::SidecarTask
+            },
+            enable_read_path_debugging: if cfg!(test) || cfg!(feature = "testing") {
                Some(true)
            } else {
                None
@@ -734,13 +667,9 @@ impl Default for ConfigToml {
            enable_tls_page_service_api: false,
            dev_mode: false,
            timeline_import_config: TimelineImportConfig {
-                import_job_concurrency: NonZeroUsize::new(32).unwrap(),
-                import_job_soft_size_limit: NonZeroUsize::new(256 * 1024 * 1024).unwrap(),
-                import_job_checkpoint_threshold: NonZeroUsize::new(32).unwrap(),
-                import_job_max_byte_range_size: NonZeroUsize::new(4 * 1024 * 1024).unwrap(),
+                import_job_concurrency: NonZeroUsize::new(128).unwrap(),
+                import_job_soft_size_limit: NonZeroUsize::new(1024 * 1024 * 1024).unwrap(),
            },
-            basebackup_cache_config: None,
-            posthog_config: None,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -807,7 +736,6 @@ pub mod tenant_conf_defaults {
    pub const DEFAULT_GC_COMPACTION_VERIFICATION: bool = true;
    pub const DEFAULT_GC_COMPACTION_INITIAL_THRESHOLD_KB: u64 = 5 * 1024 * 1024; // 5GB
    pub const DEFAULT_GC_COMPACTION_RATIO_PERCENT: u64 = 100;
-    pub const DEFAULT_RELSIZE_SNAPSHOT_CACHE_CAPACITY: usize = 1000;
 }

 impl Default for TenantConfigToml {
@@ -865,8 +793,6 @@ impl Default for TenantConfigToml {
            gc_compaction_initial_threshold_kb: DEFAULT_GC_COMPACTION_INITIAL_THRESHOLD_KB,
            gc_compaction_ratio_percent: DEFAULT_GC_COMPACTION_RATIO_PERCENT,
            sampling_ratio: None,
-            relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity: DEFAULT_RELSIZE_SNAPSHOT_CACHE_CAPACITY,
-            basebackup_cache_enabled: false,
        }
    }
 }
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/key.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/key.rs
@@ -910,11 +910,6 @@ impl Key {
        self.field1 == 0x00 && self.field4 != 0 && self.field6 != 0xffffffff
    }

-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn is_rel_block_of_rel(&self, rel: Oid) -> bool {
-        self.is_rel_block_key() && self.field4 == rel
-    }
-
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn is_rel_dir_key(&self) -> bool {
        self.field1 == 0x00
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/models.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/models.rs
@@ -336,33 +336,14 @@ impl TimelineCreateRequest {

 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ShardImportStatus {
-    InProgress(Option<ShardImportProgress>),
+    InProgress,
    Done,
    Error(String),
 }
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum ShardImportProgress {
-    V1(ShardImportProgressV1),
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct ShardImportProgressV1 {
-    /// Total number of jobs in the import plan
-    pub jobs: usize,
-    /// Number of jobs completed
-    pub completed: usize,
-    /// Hash of the plan
-    pub import_plan_hash: u64,
-    /// Soft limit for the job size
-    /// This needs to remain constant throughout the import
-    pub job_soft_size_limit: usize,
-}
-
 impl ShardImportStatus {
    pub fn is_terminal(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
-            ShardImportStatus::InProgress(_) => false,
+            ShardImportStatus::InProgress => false,
            ShardImportStatus::Done | ShardImportStatus::Error(_) => true,
        }
    }
@@ -405,8 +386,6 @@ pub enum TimelineCreateRequestMode {
        // using a flattened enum, so, it was an accepted field, and
        // we continue to accept it by having it here.
        pg_version: Option<u32>,
-        #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "std::ops::Not::not")]
-        read_only: bool,
    },
    ImportPgdata {
        import_pgdata: TimelineCreateRequestModeImportPgdata,
@@ -635,10 +614,6 @@ pub struct TenantConfigPatch {
    pub gc_compaction_ratio_percent: FieldPatch<u64>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "FieldPatch::is_noop")]
    pub sampling_ratio: FieldPatch<Option<Ratio>>,
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "FieldPatch::is_noop")]
-    pub relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity: FieldPatch<usize>,
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "FieldPatch::is_noop")]
-    pub basebackup_cache_enabled: FieldPatch<bool>,
 }

 /// Like [`crate::config::TenantConfigToml`], but preserves the information
@@ -768,12 +743,6 @@ pub struct TenantConfig {

    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub sampling_ratio: Option<Option<Ratio>>,
-
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity: Option<usize>,
-
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub basebackup_cache_enabled: Option<bool>,
 }

 impl TenantConfig {
@@ -819,8 +788,6 @@ impl TenantConfig {
            mut gc_compaction_initial_threshold_kb,
            mut gc_compaction_ratio_percent,
            mut sampling_ratio,
-            mut relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity,
-            mut basebackup_cache_enabled,
        } = self;

        patch.checkpoint_distance.apply(&mut checkpoint_distance);
@@ -922,12 +889,6 @@ impl TenantConfig {
            .gc_compaction_ratio_percent
            .apply(&mut gc_compaction_ratio_percent);
        patch.sampling_ratio.apply(&mut sampling_ratio);
-        patch
-            .relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity
-            .apply(&mut relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity);
-        patch
-            .basebackup_cache_enabled
-            .apply(&mut basebackup_cache_enabled);

        Ok(Self {
            checkpoint_distance,
@@ -967,8 +928,6 @@ impl TenantConfig {
            gc_compaction_initial_threshold_kb,
            gc_compaction_ratio_percent,
            sampling_ratio,
-            relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity,
-            basebackup_cache_enabled,
        })
    }

@@ -1077,12 +1036,6 @@ impl TenantConfig {
                .gc_compaction_ratio_percent
                .unwrap_or(global_conf.gc_compaction_ratio_percent),
            sampling_ratio: self.sampling_ratio.unwrap_or(global_conf.sampling_ratio),
-            relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity: self
-                .relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity
-                .unwrap_or(global_conf.relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity),
-            basebackup_cache_enabled: self
-                .basebackup_cache_enabled
-                .unwrap_or(global_conf.basebackup_cache_enabled),
        }
    }
 }
@@ -1850,6 +1803,7 @@ pub struct TopTenantShardsResponse {
 }

 pub mod virtual_file {
+    use std::sync::LazyLock;

    #[derive(
        Copy,
@@ -1897,7 +1851,15 @@ pub mod virtual_file {

    impl IoMode {
        pub fn preferred() -> Self {
-            IoMode::DirectRw
+            // The default behavior when running Rust unit tests without any further
+            // flags is to use the newest behavior (DirectRw).
+            // The CI uses the environment variable to unit tests for all different modes.
+            // NB: the Python regression & perf tests have their own defaults management
+            // that writes pageserver.toml; they do not use this variable.
+            static ENV_OVERRIDE: LazyLock<Option<IoMode>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+                utils::env::var_serde_json_string("NEON_PAGESERVER_UNIT_TEST_VIRTUAL_FILE_IO_MODE")
+            });
+            ENV_OVERRIDE.unwrap_or(IoMode::DirectRw)
        }
    }

@@ -1934,7 +1896,7 @@ pub enum PagestreamFeMessage {
 }

 // Wrapped in libpq CopyData
-#[derive(Debug, strum_macros::EnumProperty)]
+#[derive(strum_macros::EnumProperty)]
 pub enum PagestreamBeMessage {
    Exists(PagestreamExistsResponse),
    Nblocks(PagestreamNblocksResponse),
@@ -2045,7 +2007,7 @@ pub enum PagestreamProtocolVersion {

 pub type RequestId = u64;

-#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct PagestreamRequest {
    pub reqid: RequestId,
    pub request_lsn: Lsn,
@@ -2064,7 +2026,7 @@ pub struct PagestreamNblocksRequest {
    pub rel: RelTag,
 }

-#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct PagestreamGetPageRequest {
    pub hdr: PagestreamRequest,
    pub rel: RelTag,
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/reltag.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/reltag.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 // FIXME: should move 'forknum' as last field to keep this consistent with Postgres.
 // Then we could replace the custom Ord and PartialOrd implementations below with
 // deriving them. This will require changes in walredoproc.c.
-#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct RelTag {
    pub forknum: u8,
    pub spcnode: Oid,
@@ -184,12 +184,12 @@ pub enum SlruKind {
    MultiXactOffsets,
 }

-impl fmt::Display for SlruKind {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+impl SlruKind {
+    pub fn to_str(&self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
-            Self::Clog => write!(f, "pg_xact"),
-            Self::MultiXactMembers => write!(f, "pg_multixact/members"),
-            Self::MultiXactOffsets => write!(f, "pg_multixact/offsets"),
+            Self::Clog => "pg_xact",
+            Self::MultiXactMembers => "pg_multixact/members",
+            Self::MultiXactOffsets => "pg_multixact/offsets",
        }
    }
 }
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/upcall_api.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/upcall_api.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 //! See docs/rfcs/025-generation-numbers.md

 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use utils::generation::Generation;
 use utils::id::{NodeId, TimelineId};

 use crate::controller_api::NodeRegisterRequest;
@@ -64,17 +63,9 @@ pub struct ValidateResponseTenant {
    pub valid: bool,
 }

-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct TimelineImportStatusRequest {
-    pub tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-    pub timeline_id: TimelineId,
-    pub generation: Generation,
-}
-
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct PutTimelineImportStatusRequest {
    pub tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
    pub timeline_id: TimelineId,
    pub status: ShardImportStatus,
-    pub generation: Generation,
 }
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/value.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/value.rs
@@ -36,24 +36,6 @@ impl Value {
            Value::WalRecord(rec) => rec.will_init(),
        }
    }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn estimated_size(&self) -> usize {
-        match self {
-            Value::Image(image) => image.len(),
-            Value::WalRecord(NeonWalRecord::AuxFile {
-                content: Some(content),
-                ..
-            }) => content.len(),
-            Value::WalRecord(NeonWalRecord::Postgres { rec, .. }) => rec.len(),
-            Value::WalRecord(NeonWalRecord::ClogSetAborted { xids }) => xids.len() * 4,
-            Value::WalRecord(NeonWalRecord::ClogSetCommitted { xids, .. }) => xids.len() * 4,
-            Value::WalRecord(NeonWalRecord::MultixactMembersCreate { members, .. }) => {
-                members.len() * 8
-            }
-            _ => 8192, /* use image size as the estimation */
-        }
-    }
 }

 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
--- a/libs/posthog_client_lite/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libs/posthog_client_lite/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "posthog_client_lite"
-version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2024"
-license.workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-anyhow.workspace = true
-arc-swap.workspace = true
-reqwest.workspace = true
-serde_json.workspace = true
-serde.workspace = true
-sha2.workspace = true
-thiserror.workspace = true
-tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["process", "sync", "fs", "rt", "io-util", "time"] }
-tokio-util.workspace = true
-tracing-utils.workspace = true
-tracing.workspace = true
-workspace_hack.workspace = true
--- a/libs/posthog_client_lite/src/background_loop.rs
+++ b/libs/posthog_client_lite/src/background_loop.rs
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-//! A background loop that fetches feature flags from PostHog and updates the feature store.
-
-use std::{sync::Arc, time::Duration};
-
-use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
-use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
-use tracing::{Instrument, info_span};
-
-use crate::{FeatureStore, PostHogClient, PostHogClientConfig};
-
-/// A background loop that fetches feature flags from PostHog and updates the feature store.
-pub struct FeatureResolverBackgroundLoop {
-    posthog_client: PostHogClient,
-    feature_store: ArcSwap<FeatureStore>,
-    cancel: CancellationToken,
-}
-
-impl FeatureResolverBackgroundLoop {
-    pub fn new(config: PostHogClientConfig, shutdown_pageserver: CancellationToken) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            posthog_client: PostHogClient::new(config),
-            feature_store: ArcSwap::new(Arc::new(FeatureStore::new())),
-            cancel: shutdown_pageserver,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn spawn(self: Arc<Self>, handle: &tokio::runtime::Handle, refresh_period: Duration) {
-        let this = self.clone();
-        let cancel = self.cancel.clone();
-        handle.spawn(
-            async move {
-                tracing::info!("Starting PostHog feature resolver");
-                let mut ticker = tokio::time::interval(refresh_period);
-                ticker.set_missed_tick_behavior(tokio::time::MissedTickBehavior::Skip);
-                loop {
-                    tokio::select! {
-                        _ = ticker.tick() => {}
-                        _ = cancel.cancelled() => break
-                    }
-                    let resp = match this
-                        .posthog_client
-                        .get_feature_flags_local_evaluation()
-                        .await
-                    {
-                        Ok(resp) => resp,
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            tracing::warn!("Cannot get feature flags: {}", e);
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    };
-                    let feature_store = FeatureStore::new_with_flags(resp.flags);
-                    this.feature_store.store(Arc::new(feature_store));
-                    tracing::info!("Feature flag updated");
-                }
-                tracing::info!("PostHog feature resolver stopped");
-            }
-            .instrument(info_span!("posthog_feature_resolver")),
-        );
-    }
-
-    pub fn feature_store(&self) -> Arc<FeatureStore> {
-        self.feature_store.load_full()
-    }
-}
--- a/libs/posthog_client_lite/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/posthog_client_lite/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,950 +0,0 @@
-//! A lite version of the PostHog client that only supports local evaluation of feature flags.
-
-mod background_loop;
-
-pub use background_loop::FeatureResolverBackgroundLoop;
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use serde_json::json;
-use sha2::Digest;
-
-#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-pub enum PostHogEvaluationError {
-    /// The feature flag is not available, for example, because the local evaluation data is not populated yet.
-    #[error("Feature flag not available: {0}")]
-    NotAvailable(String),
-    #[error("No condition group is matched")]
-    NoConditionGroupMatched,
-    /// Real errors, e.g., the rollout percentage does not add up to 100.
-    #[error("Failed to evaluate feature flag: {0}")]
-    Internal(String),
-}
-
-impl PostHogEvaluationError {
-    pub fn as_variant_str(&self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            PostHogEvaluationError::NotAvailable(_) => "not_available",
-            PostHogEvaluationError::NoConditionGroupMatched => "no_condition_group_matched",
-            PostHogEvaluationError::Internal(_) => "internal",
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-pub struct LocalEvaluationResponse {
-    pub flags: Vec<LocalEvaluationFlag>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-pub struct LocalEvaluationFlag {
-    key: String,
-    filters: LocalEvaluationFlagFilters,
-    active: bool,
-}
-
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-pub struct LocalEvaluationFlagFilters {
-    groups: Vec<LocalEvaluationFlagFilterGroup>,
-    multivariate: Option<LocalEvaluationFlagMultivariate>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-pub struct LocalEvaluationFlagFilterGroup {
-    variant: Option<String>,
-    properties: Option<Vec<LocalEvaluationFlagFilterProperty>>,
-    rollout_percentage: i64,
-}
-
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-pub struct LocalEvaluationFlagFilterProperty {
-    key: String,
-    value: PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue,
-    operator: String,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(untagged)]
-pub enum PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue {
-    String(String),
-    Number(f64),
-    Boolean(bool),
-    List(Vec<String>),
-}
-
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-pub struct LocalEvaluationFlagMultivariate {
-    variants: Vec<LocalEvaluationFlagMultivariateVariant>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-pub struct LocalEvaluationFlagMultivariateVariant {
-    key: String,
-    rollout_percentage: i64,
-}
-
-pub struct FeatureStore {
-    flags: HashMap<String, LocalEvaluationFlag>,
-}
-
-impl Default for FeatureStore {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::new()
-    }
-}
-
-enum GroupEvaluationResult {
-    MatchedAndOverride(String),
-    MatchedAndEvaluate,
-    Unmatched,
-}
-
-impl FeatureStore {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            flags: HashMap::new(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn new_with_flags(flags: Vec<LocalEvaluationFlag>) -> Self {
-        let mut store = Self::new();
-        store.set_flags(flags);
-        store
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_flags(&mut self, flags: Vec<LocalEvaluationFlag>) {
-        self.flags.clear();
-        for flag in flags {
-            self.flags.insert(flag.key.clone(), flag);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Generate a consistent hash for a user ID (e.g., tenant ID).
-    ///
-    /// The implementation is different from PostHog SDK. In PostHog SDK, it is sha1 of `user_id.distinct_id.salt`.
-    /// However, as we do not upload all of our tenant IDs to PostHog, we do not have the PostHog distinct_id for a
-    /// tenant. Therefore, the way we compute it is sha256 of `user_id.feature_id.salt`.
-    fn consistent_hash(user_id: &str, flag_key: &str, salt: &str) -> f64 {
-        let mut hasher = sha2::Sha256::new();
-        hasher.update(user_id);
-        hasher.update(".");
-        hasher.update(flag_key);
-        hasher.update(".");
-        hasher.update(salt);
-        let hash = hasher.finalize();
-        let hash_int = u64::from_le_bytes(hash[..8].try_into().unwrap());
-        hash_int as f64 / u64::MAX as f64
-    }
-
-    /// Evaluate a condition. Returns an error if the condition cannot be evaluated due to parsing error or missing
-    /// property.
-    fn evaluate_condition(
-        &self,
-        operator: &str,
-        provided: &PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue,
-        requested: &PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue,
-    ) -> Result<bool, PostHogEvaluationError> {
-        match operator {
-            "exact" => {
-                let PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::String(provided) = provided else {
-                    // Left should be a string
-                    return Err(PostHogEvaluationError::Internal(format!(
-                        "The left side of the condition is not a string: {:?}",
-                        provided
-                    )));
-                };
-                let PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::List(requested) = requested else {
-                    // Right should be a list of string
-                    return Err(PostHogEvaluationError::Internal(format!(
-                        "The right side of the condition is not a list: {:?}",
-                        requested
-                    )));
-                };
-                Ok(requested.contains(provided))
-            }
-            "lt" | "gt" => {
-                let PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::String(requested) = requested else {
-                    // Right should be a string
-                    return Err(PostHogEvaluationError::Internal(format!(
-                        "The right side of the condition is not a string: {:?}",
-                        requested
-                    )));
-                };
-                let Ok(requested) = requested.parse::<f64>() else {
-                    return Err(PostHogEvaluationError::Internal(format!(
-                        "Can not parse the right side of the condition as a number: {:?}",
-                        requested
-                    )));
-                };
-                // Left can either be a number or a string
-                let provided = match provided {
-                    PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::Number(provided) => *provided,
-                    PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::String(provided) => {
-                        let Ok(provided) = provided.parse::<f64>() else {
-                            return Err(PostHogEvaluationError::Internal(format!(
-                                "Can not parse the left side of the condition as a number: {:?}",
-                                provided
-                            )));
-                        };
-                        provided
-                    }
-                    _ => {
-                        return Err(PostHogEvaluationError::Internal(format!(
-                            "The left side of the condition is not a number or a string: {:?}",
-                            provided
-                        )));
-                    }
-                };
-                match operator {
-                    "lt" => Ok(provided < requested),
-                    "gt" => Ok(provided > requested),
-                    op => Err(PostHogEvaluationError::Internal(format!(
-                        "Unsupported operator: {}",
-                        op
-                    ))),
-                }
-            }
-            _ => Err(PostHogEvaluationError::Internal(format!(
-                "Unsupported operator: {}",
-                operator
-            ))),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Evaluate a percentage.
-    fn evaluate_percentage(&self, mapped_user_id: f64, percentage: i64) -> bool {
-        mapped_user_id <= percentage as f64 / 100.0
-    }
-
-    /// Evaluate a filter group for a feature flag. Returns an error if there are errors during the evaluation.
-    ///
-    /// Return values:
-    /// Ok(GroupEvaluationResult::MatchedAndOverride(variant)): matched and evaluated to this value
-    /// Ok(GroupEvaluationResult::MatchedAndEvaluate): condition matched but no variant override, use the global rollout percentage
-    /// Ok(GroupEvaluationResult::Unmatched): condition unmatched
-    fn evaluate_group(
-        &self,
-        group: &LocalEvaluationFlagFilterGroup,
-        hash_on_group_rollout_percentage: f64,
-        provided_properties: &HashMap<String, PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue>,
-    ) -> Result<GroupEvaluationResult, PostHogEvaluationError> {
-        if let Some(ref properties) = group.properties {
-            for property in properties {
-                if let Some(value) = provided_properties.get(&property.key) {
-                    // The user provided the property value
-                    if !self.evaluate_condition(
-                        property.operator.as_ref(),
-                        value,
-                        &property.value,
-                    )? {
-                        return Ok(GroupEvaluationResult::Unmatched);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    // We cannot evaluate, the property is not available
-                    return Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NotAvailable(format!(
-                        "The required property in the condition is not available: {}",
-                        property.key
-                    )));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // The group has no condition matchers or we matched the properties
-        if self.evaluate_percentage(hash_on_group_rollout_percentage, group.rollout_percentage) {
-            if let Some(ref variant_override) = group.variant {
-                Ok(GroupEvaluationResult::MatchedAndOverride(
-                    variant_override.clone(),
-                ))
-            } else {
-                Ok(GroupEvaluationResult::MatchedAndEvaluate)
-            }
-        } else {
-            Ok(GroupEvaluationResult::Unmatched)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Evaluate a multivariate feature flag. Returns an error if the flag is not available or if there are errors
-    /// during the evaluation.
-    ///
-    /// The parsing logic is as follows:
-    ///
-    /// * Match each filter group.
-    ///   - If a group is matched, it will first determine whether the user is in the range of the group's rollout
-    ///     percentage. We will generate a consistent hash for the user ID on the group rollout percentage. This hash
-    ///     is shared across all groups.
-    ///   - If the hash falls within the group's rollout percentage, return the variant if it's overridden, or
-    ///   - Evaluate the variant using the global config and the global rollout percentage.
-    /// * Otherwise, continue with the next group until all groups are evaluated and no group is within the
-    ///   rollout percentage.
-    /// * If there are no matching groups, return an error.
-    ///
-    /// Example: we have a multivariate flag with 3 groups of the configured global rollout percentage: A (10%), B (20%), C (70%).
-    /// There is a single group with a condition that has a rollout percentage of 10% and it does not have a variant override.
-    /// Then, we will have 1% of the users evaluated to A, 2% to B, and 7% to C.
-    ///
-    /// Error handling: the caller should inspect the error and decide the behavior when a feature flag
-    /// cannot be evaluated (i.e., default to false if it cannot be resolved). The error should *not* be
-    /// propagated beyond where the feature flag gets resolved.
-    pub fn evaluate_multivariate(
-        &self,
-        flag_key: &str,
-        user_id: &str,
-        properties: &HashMap<String, PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue>,
-    ) -> Result<String, PostHogEvaluationError> {
-        let hash_on_global_rollout_percentage =
-            Self::consistent_hash(user_id, flag_key, "multivariate");
-        let hash_on_group_rollout_percentage =
-            Self::consistent_hash(user_id, flag_key, "within_group");
-        self.evaluate_multivariate_inner(
-            flag_key,
-            hash_on_global_rollout_percentage,
-            hash_on_group_rollout_percentage,
-            properties,
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Evaluate a boolean feature flag. Returns  an error if the flag is not available or if there are errors
-    /// during the evaluation.
-    ///
-    /// The parsing logic is as follows:
-    ///
-    /// * Generate a consistent hash for the tenant-feature.
-    /// * Match each filter group.
-    ///   - If a group is matched, it will first determine whether the user is in the range of the rollout
-    ///     percentage.
-    ///   - If the hash falls within the group's rollout percentage, return true.
-    /// * Otherwise, continue with the next group until all groups are evaluated and no group is within the
-    ///   rollout percentage.
-    /// * If there are no matching groups, return an error.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `Ok(())` if the feature flag evaluates to true. In the future, it will return a payload.
-    ///
-    /// Error handling: the caller should inspect the error and decide the behavior when a feature flag
-    /// cannot be evaluated (i.e., default to false if it cannot be resolved). The error should *not* be
-    /// propagated beyond where the feature flag gets resolved.
-    pub fn evaluate_boolean(
-        &self,
-        flag_key: &str,
-        user_id: &str,
-        properties: &HashMap<String, PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue>,
-    ) -> Result<(), PostHogEvaluationError> {
-        let hash_on_global_rollout_percentage = Self::consistent_hash(user_id, flag_key, "boolean");
-        self.evaluate_boolean_inner(flag_key, hash_on_global_rollout_percentage, properties)
-    }
-
-    /// Evaluate a multivariate feature flag. Note that we directly take the mapped user ID
-    /// (a consistent hash ranging from 0 to 1) so that it is easier to use it in the tests
-    /// and avoid duplicate computations.
-    ///
-    /// Use a different consistent hash for evaluating the group rollout percentage.
-    /// The behavior: if the condition is set to rolling out to 10% of the users, and
-    /// we set the variant A to 20% in the global config, then 2% of the total users will
-    /// be evaluated to variant A.
-    ///
-    /// Note that the hash to determine group rollout percentage is shared across all groups. So if we have two
-    /// exactly-the-same conditions with 10% and 20% rollout percentage respectively, a total of 20% of the users
-    /// will be evaluated (versus 30% if group evaluation is done independently).
-    pub(crate) fn evaluate_multivariate_inner(
-        &self,
-        flag_key: &str,
-        hash_on_global_rollout_percentage: f64,
-        hash_on_group_rollout_percentage: f64,
-        properties: &HashMap<String, PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue>,
-    ) -> Result<String, PostHogEvaluationError> {
-        if let Some(flag_config) = self.flags.get(flag_key) {
-            if !flag_config.active {
-                return Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NotAvailable(format!(
-                    "The feature flag is not active: {}",
-                    flag_key
-                )));
-            }
-            let Some(ref multivariate) = flag_config.filters.multivariate else {
-                return Err(PostHogEvaluationError::Internal(format!(
-                    "No multivariate available, should use evaluate_boolean?: {flag_key}"
-                )));
-            };
-            // TODO: sort the groups so that variant overrides always get evaluated first and it follows the PostHog
-            // Python SDK behavior; for now we do not configure conditions without variant overrides in Neon so it
-            // does not matter.
-            for group in &flag_config.filters.groups {
-                match self.evaluate_group(group, hash_on_group_rollout_percentage, properties)? {
-                    GroupEvaluationResult::MatchedAndOverride(variant) => return Ok(variant),
-                    GroupEvaluationResult::MatchedAndEvaluate => {
-                        let mut percentage = 0;
-                        for variant in &multivariate.variants {
-                            percentage += variant.rollout_percentage;
-                            if self
-                                .evaluate_percentage(hash_on_global_rollout_percentage, percentage)
-                            {
-                                return Ok(variant.key.clone());
-                            }
-                        }
-                        // This should not happen because the rollout percentage always adds up to 100, but just in case that PostHog
-                        // returned invalid spec, we return an error.
-                        return Err(PostHogEvaluationError::Internal(format!(
-                            "Rollout percentage does not add up to 100: {}",
-                            flag_key
-                        )));
-                    }
-                    GroupEvaluationResult::Unmatched => continue,
-                }
-            }
-            // If no group is matched, the feature is not available, and up to the caller to decide what to do.
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NoConditionGroupMatched)
-        } else {
-            // The feature flag is not available yet
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NotAvailable(format!(
-                "Not found in the local evaluation spec: {}",
-                flag_key
-            )))
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Evaluate a multivariate feature flag. Note that we directly take the mapped user ID
-    /// (a consistent hash ranging from 0 to 1) so that it is easier to use it in the tests
-    /// and avoid duplicate computations.
-    ///
-    /// Use a different consistent hash for evaluating the group rollout percentage.
-    /// The behavior: if the condition is set to rolling out to 10% of the users, and
-    /// we set the variant A to 20% in the global config, then 2% of the total users will
-    /// be evaluated to variant A.
-    ///
-    /// Note that the hash to determine group rollout percentage is shared across all groups. So if we have two
-    /// exactly-the-same conditions with 10% and 20% rollout percentage respectively, a total of 20% of the users
-    /// will be evaluated (versus 30% if group evaluation is done independently).
-    pub(crate) fn evaluate_boolean_inner(
-        &self,
-        flag_key: &str,
-        hash_on_global_rollout_percentage: f64,
-        properties: &HashMap<String, PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue>,
-    ) -> Result<(), PostHogEvaluationError> {
-        if let Some(flag_config) = self.flags.get(flag_key) {
-            if !flag_config.active {
-                return Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NotAvailable(format!(
-                    "The feature flag is not active: {}",
-                    flag_key
-                )));
-            }
-            if flag_config.filters.multivariate.is_some() {
-                return Err(PostHogEvaluationError::Internal(format!(
-                    "This looks like a multivariate flag, should use evaluate_multivariate?: {flag_key}"
-                )));
-            };
-            // TODO: sort the groups so that variant overrides always get evaluated first and it follows the PostHog
-            // Python SDK behavior; for now we do not configure conditions without variant overrides in Neon so it
-            // does not matter.
-            for group in &flag_config.filters.groups {
-                match self.evaluate_group(group, hash_on_global_rollout_percentage, properties)? {
-                    GroupEvaluationResult::MatchedAndOverride(_) => {
-                        return Err(PostHogEvaluationError::Internal(format!(
-                            "Boolean flag cannot have overrides: {}",
-                            flag_key
-                        )));
-                    }
-                    GroupEvaluationResult::MatchedAndEvaluate => {
-                        return Ok(());
-                    }
-                    GroupEvaluationResult::Unmatched => continue,
-                }
-            }
-            // If no group is matched, the feature is not available, and up to the caller to decide what to do.
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NoConditionGroupMatched)
-        } else {
-            // The feature flag is not available yet
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NotAvailable(format!(
-                "Not found in the local evaluation spec: {}",
-                flag_key
-            )))
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Infer whether a feature flag is a boolean flag by checking if it has a multivariate filter.
-    pub fn is_feature_flag_boolean(&self, flag_key: &str) -> Result<bool, PostHogEvaluationError> {
-        if let Some(flag_config) = self.flags.get(flag_key) {
-            Ok(flag_config.filters.multivariate.is_none())
-        } else {
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NotAvailable(format!(
-                "Not found in the local evaluation spec: {}",
-                flag_key
-            )))
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct PostHogClientConfig {
-    /// The server API key.
-    pub server_api_key: String,
-    /// The client API key.
-    pub client_api_key: String,
-    /// The project ID.
-    pub project_id: String,
-    /// The private API URL.
-    pub private_api_url: String,
-    /// The public API URL.
-    pub public_api_url: String,
-}
-
-/// A lite PostHog client.
-///
-/// At the point of writing this code, PostHog does not have a functional Rust client with feature flag support.
-/// This is a lite version that only supports local evaluation of feature flags and only supports those JSON specs
-/// that will be used within Neon.
-///
-/// PostHog is designed as a browser-server system: the browser (client) side uses the client key and is exposed
-/// to the end users; the server side uses a server key and is not exposed to the end users. The client and the
-/// server has different API keys and provide a different set of APIs. In Neon, we only have the server (that is
-/// pageserver), and it will use both the client API and the server API. So we need to store two API keys within
-/// our PostHog client.
-///
-/// The server API is used to fetch the feature flag specs. The client API is used to capture events in case we
-/// want to report the feature flag usage back to PostHog. The current plan is to use PostHog only as an UI to
-/// configure feature flags so it is very likely that the client API will not be used.
-pub struct PostHogClient {
-    /// The config.
-    config: PostHogClientConfig,
-    /// The HTTP client.
-    client: reqwest::Client,
-}
-
-impl PostHogClient {
-    pub fn new(config: PostHogClientConfig) -> Self {
-        let client = reqwest::Client::new();
-        Self { config, client }
-    }
-
-    pub fn new_with_us_region(
-        server_api_key: String,
-        client_api_key: String,
-        project_id: String,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self::new(PostHogClientConfig {
-            server_api_key,
-            client_api_key,
-            project_id,
-            private_api_url: "https://us.posthog.com".to_string(),
-            public_api_url: "https://us.i.posthog.com".to_string(),
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Fetch the feature flag specs from the server.
-    ///
-    /// This is unfortunately an undocumented API at:
-    /// - <https://posthog.com/docs/api/feature-flags#get-api-projects-project_id-feature_flags-local_evaluation>
-    /// - <https://posthog.com/docs/feature-flags/local-evaluation>
-    ///
-    /// The handling logic in [`FeatureStore`] mostly follows the Python API implementation.
-    /// See `_compute_flag_locally` in <https://github.com/PostHog/posthog-python/blob/master/posthog/client.py>
-    pub async fn get_feature_flags_local_evaluation(
-        &self,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<LocalEvaluationResponse> {
-        // BASE_URL/api/projects/:project_id/feature_flags/local_evaluation
-        // with bearer token of self.server_api_key
-        let url = format!(
-            "{}/api/projects/{}/feature_flags/local_evaluation",
-            self.config.private_api_url, self.config.project_id
-        );
-        let response = self
-            .client
-            .get(url)
-            .bearer_auth(&self.config.server_api_key)
-            .send()
-            .await?;
-        let status = response.status();
-        let body = response.text().await?;
-        if !status.is_success() {
-            return Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
-                "Failed to get feature flags: {}, {}",
-                status,
-                body
-            ));
-        }
-        Ok(serde_json::from_str(&body)?)
-    }
-
-    /// Capture an event. This will only be used to report the feature flag usage back to PostHog, though
-    /// it also support a lot of other functionalities.
-    ///
-    /// <https://posthog.com/docs/api/capture>
-    pub async fn capture_event(
-        &self,
-        event: &str,
-        distinct_id: &str,
-        properties: &HashMap<String, PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue>,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        // PUBLIC_URL/capture/
-        // with bearer token of self.client_api_key
-        let url = format!("{}/capture/", self.config.public_api_url);
-        self.client
-            .post(url)
-            .body(serde_json::to_string(&json!({
-                "api_key": self.config.client_api_key,
-                "distinct_id": distinct_id,
-                "event": event,
-                "properties": properties,
-            }))?)
-            .send()
-            .await?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    fn data() -> &'static str {
-        r#"{
-  "flags": [
-    {
-      "id": 141807,
-      "team_id": 152860,
-      "name": "",
-      "key": "image-compaction-boundary",
-      "filters": {
-        "groups": [
-          {
-            "variant": null,
-            "properties": [
-              {
-                "key": "plan_type",
-                "type": "person",
-                "value": [
-                  "free"
-                ],
-                "operator": "exact"
-              }
-            ],
-            "rollout_percentage": 40
-          },
-          {
-            "variant": null,
-            "properties": [],
-            "rollout_percentage": 10
-          }
-        ],
-        "payloads": {},
-        "multivariate": null
-      },
-      "deleted": false,
-      "active": true,
-      "ensure_experience_continuity": false,
-      "has_encrypted_payloads": false,
-      "version": 1
-    },
-    {
-      "id": 135586,
-      "team_id": 152860,
-      "name": "",
-      "key": "boolean-flag",
-      "filters": {
-        "groups": [
-          {
-            "variant": null,
-            "properties": [
-              {
-                "key": "plan_type",
-                "type": "person",
-                "value": [
-                  "free"
-                ],
-                "operator": "exact"
-              }
-            ],
-            "rollout_percentage": 47
-          }
-        ],
-        "payloads": {},
-        "multivariate": null
-      },
-      "deleted": false,
-      "active": true,
-      "ensure_experience_continuity": false,
-      "has_encrypted_payloads": false,
-      "version": 1
-    },
-    {
-      "id": 132794,
-      "team_id": 152860,
-      "name": "",
-      "key": "gc-compaction",
-      "filters": {
-        "groups": [
-          {
-            "variant": "enabled-stage-2",
-            "properties": [
-              {
-                "key": "plan_type",
-                "type": "person",
-                "value": [
-                  "free"
-                ],
-                "operator": "exact"
-              },
-              {
-                "key": "pageserver_remote_size",
-                "type": "person",
-                "value": "10000000",
-                "operator": "lt"
-              }
-            ],
-             "rollout_percentage": 50
-          },
-          {
-            "properties": [
-              {
-                "key": "plan_type",
-                "type": "person",
-                "value": [
-                  "free"
-                ],
-                "operator": "exact"
-              },
-              {
-                "key": "pageserver_remote_size",
-                "type": "person",
-                "value": "10000000",
-                "operator": "lt"
-              }
-            ],
-            "rollout_percentage": 80
-          }
-        ],
-        "payloads": {},
-        "multivariate": {
-          "variants": [
-            {
-              "key": "disabled",
-              "name": "",
-              "rollout_percentage": 90
-            },
-            {
-              "key": "enabled-stage-1",
-              "name": "",
-              "rollout_percentage": 10
-            },
-            {
-              "key": "enabled-stage-2",
-              "name": "",
-              "rollout_percentage": 0
-            },
-            {
-              "key": "enabled-stage-3",
-              "name": "",
-              "rollout_percentage": 0
-            },
-            {
-              "key": "enabled",
-              "name": "",
-              "rollout_percentage": 0
-            }
-          ]
-        }
-      },
-      "deleted": false,
-      "active": true,
-      "ensure_experience_continuity": false,
-      "has_encrypted_payloads": false,
-      "version": 7
-    }
-  ],
-  "group_type_mapping": {},
-  "cohorts": {}
-}"#
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn parse_local_evaluation() {
-        let data = data();
-        let _: LocalEvaluationResponse = serde_json::from_str(data).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn evaluate_multivariate() {
-        let mut store = FeatureStore::new();
-        let response: LocalEvaluationResponse = serde_json::from_str(data()).unwrap();
-        store.set_flags(response.flags);
-
-        // This lacks the required properties and cannot be evaluated.
-        let variant =
-            store.evaluate_multivariate_inner("gc-compaction", 1.00, 0.40, &HashMap::new());
-        assert!(matches!(
-            variant,
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NotAvailable(_))
-        ),);
-
-        let properties_unmatched = HashMap::from([
-            (
-                "plan_type".to_string(),
-                PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::String("paid".to_string()),
-            ),
-            (
-                "pageserver_remote_size".to_string(),
-                PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::Number(1000.0),
-            ),
-        ]);
-
-        // This does not match any group so there will be an error.
-        let variant =
-            store.evaluate_multivariate_inner("gc-compaction", 1.00, 0.40, &properties_unmatched);
-        assert!(matches!(
-            variant,
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NoConditionGroupMatched)
-        ),);
-        let variant =
-            store.evaluate_multivariate_inner("gc-compaction", 0.80, 0.80, &properties_unmatched);
-        assert!(matches!(
-            variant,
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NoConditionGroupMatched)
-        ),);
-
-        let properties = HashMap::from([
-            (
-                "plan_type".to_string(),
-                PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::String("free".to_string()),
-            ),
-            (
-                "pageserver_remote_size".to_string(),
-                PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::Number(1000.0),
-            ),
-        ]);
-
-        // It matches the first group as 0.10 <= 0.50 and the properties are matched. Then it gets evaluated to the variant override.
-        let variant = store.evaluate_multivariate_inner("gc-compaction", 0.10, 0.10, &properties);
-        assert_eq!(variant.unwrap(), "enabled-stage-2".to_string());
-
-        // It matches the second group as 0.50 <= 0.60 <= 0.80 and the properties are matched. Then it gets evaluated using the global percentage.
-        let variant = store.evaluate_multivariate_inner("gc-compaction", 0.99, 0.60, &properties);
-        assert_eq!(variant.unwrap(), "enabled-stage-1".to_string());
-        let variant = store.evaluate_multivariate_inner("gc-compaction", 0.80, 0.60, &properties);
-        assert_eq!(variant.unwrap(), "disabled".to_string());
-
-        // It matches the group conditions but not the group rollout percentage.
-        let variant = store.evaluate_multivariate_inner("gc-compaction", 1.00, 0.90, &properties);
-        assert!(matches!(
-            variant,
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NoConditionGroupMatched)
-        ),);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn evaluate_boolean_1() {
-        // The `boolean-flag` feature flag only has one group that matches on the free user.
-
-        let mut store = FeatureStore::new();
-        let response: LocalEvaluationResponse = serde_json::from_str(data()).unwrap();
-        store.set_flags(response.flags);
-
-        // This lacks the required properties and cannot be evaluated.
-        let variant = store.evaluate_boolean_inner("boolean-flag", 1.00, &HashMap::new());
-        assert!(matches!(
-            variant,
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NotAvailable(_))
-        ),);
-
-        let properties_unmatched = HashMap::from([
-            (
-                "plan_type".to_string(),
-                PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::String("paid".to_string()),
-            ),
-            (
-                "pageserver_remote_size".to_string(),
-                PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::Number(1000.0),
-            ),
-        ]);
-
-        // This does not match any group so there will be an error.
-        let variant = store.evaluate_boolean_inner("boolean-flag", 1.00, &properties_unmatched);
-        assert!(matches!(
-            variant,
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NoConditionGroupMatched)
-        ),);
-
-        let properties = HashMap::from([
-            (
-                "plan_type".to_string(),
-                PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::String("free".to_string()),
-            ),
-            (
-                "pageserver_remote_size".to_string(),
-                PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::Number(1000.0),
-            ),
-        ]);
-
-        // It matches the first group as 0.10 <= 0.50 and the properties are matched. Then it gets evaluated to the variant override.
-        let variant = store.evaluate_boolean_inner("boolean-flag", 0.10, &properties);
-        assert!(variant.is_ok());
-
-        // It matches the group conditions but not the group rollout percentage.
-        let variant = store.evaluate_boolean_inner("boolean-flag", 1.00, &properties);
-        assert!(matches!(
-            variant,
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NoConditionGroupMatched)
-        ),);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn evaluate_boolean_2() {
-        // The `image-compaction-boundary` feature flag has one group that matches on the free user and a group that matches on all users.
-
-        let mut store = FeatureStore::new();
-        let response: LocalEvaluationResponse = serde_json::from_str(data()).unwrap();
-        store.set_flags(response.flags);
-
-        // This lacks the required properties and cannot be evaluated.
-        let variant =
-            store.evaluate_boolean_inner("image-compaction-boundary", 1.00, &HashMap::new());
-        assert!(matches!(
-            variant,
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NotAvailable(_))
-        ),);
-
-        let properties_unmatched = HashMap::from([
-            (
-                "plan_type".to_string(),
-                PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::String("paid".to_string()),
-            ),
-            (
-                "pageserver_remote_size".to_string(),
-                PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::Number(1000.0),
-            ),
-        ]);
-
-        // This does not match the filtered group but the all user group.
-        let variant =
-            store.evaluate_boolean_inner("image-compaction-boundary", 1.00, &properties_unmatched);
-        assert!(matches!(
-            variant,
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NoConditionGroupMatched)
-        ),);
-        let variant =
-            store.evaluate_boolean_inner("image-compaction-boundary", 0.05, &properties_unmatched);
-        assert!(variant.is_ok());
-
-        let properties = HashMap::from([
-            (
-                "plan_type".to_string(),
-                PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::String("free".to_string()),
-            ),
-            (
-                "pageserver_remote_size".to_string(),
-                PostHogFlagFilterPropertyValue::Number(1000.0),
-            ),
-        ]);
-
-        // It matches the first group as 0.30 <= 0.40 and the properties are matched. Then it gets evaluated to the variant override.
-        let variant = store.evaluate_boolean_inner("image-compaction-boundary", 0.30, &properties);
-        assert!(variant.is_ok());
-
-        // It matches the group conditions but not the group rollout percentage.
-        let variant = store.evaluate_boolean_inner("image-compaction-boundary", 1.00, &properties);
-        assert!(matches!(
-            variant,
-            Err(PostHogEvaluationError::NoConditionGroupMatched)
-        ),);
-
-        // It matches the second "all" group conditions.
-        let variant = store.evaluate_boolean_inner("image-compaction-boundary", 0.09, &properties);
-        assert!(variant.is_ok());
-    }
-}
--- a/libs/proxy/postgres-protocol2/src/message/frontend.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/postgres-protocol2/src/message/frontend.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ where
    Ok(())
 }

-#[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum BindError {
    Conversion(Box<dyn Error + marker::Sync + Send>),
    Serialization(io::Error),
@@ -289,12 +288,6 @@ pub fn sync(buf: &mut BytesMut) {
    write_body(buf, |_| Ok::<(), io::Error>(())).unwrap();
 }

-#[inline]
-pub fn flush(buf: &mut BytesMut) {
-    buf.put_u8(b'H');
-    write_body(buf, |_| Ok::<(), io::Error>(())).unwrap();
-}
-
 #[inline]
 pub fn terminate(buf: &mut BytesMut) {
    buf.put_u8(b'X');
--- a/libs/proxy/postgres-types2/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/postgres-types2/src/lib.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::sync::Arc;

+use bytes::BytesMut;
 use fallible_iterator::FallibleIterator;
 #[doc(inline)]
 pub use postgres_protocol2::Oid;
@@ -26,6 +27,41 @@ macro_rules! accepts {
    )
 }

+/// Generates an implementation of `ToSql::to_sql_checked`.
+///
+/// All `ToSql` implementations should use this macro.
+macro_rules! to_sql_checked {
+    () => {
+        fn to_sql_checked(
+            &self,
+            ty: &$crate::Type,
+            out: &mut $crate::private::BytesMut,
+        ) -> ::std::result::Result<
+            $crate::IsNull,
+            Box<dyn ::std::error::Error + ::std::marker::Sync + ::std::marker::Send>,
+        > {
+            $crate::__to_sql_checked(self, ty, out)
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+// WARNING: this function is not considered part of this crate's public API.
+// It is subject to change at any time.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub fn __to_sql_checked<T>(
+    v: &T,
+    ty: &Type,
+    out: &mut BytesMut,
+) -> Result<IsNull, Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>>
+where
+    T: ToSql,
+{
+    if !T::accepts(ty) {
+        return Err(Box::new(WrongType::new::<T>(ty.clone())));
+    }
+    v.to_sql(ty, out)
+}
+
 // mod pg_lsn;
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub mod private;
@@ -106,7 +142,7 @@ pub enum Kind {
    /// An array type along with the type of its elements.
    Array(Type),
    /// A range type along with the type of its elements.
-    Range(Oid),
+    Range(Type),
    /// A multirange type along with the type of its elements.
    Multirange(Type),
    /// A domain type along with its underlying type.
@@ -341,6 +377,43 @@ pub enum IsNull {
    No,
 }

+/// A trait for types that can be converted into Postgres values.
+pub trait ToSql: fmt::Debug {
+    /// Converts the value of `self` into the binary format of the specified
+    /// Postgres `Type`, appending it to `out`.
+    ///
+    /// The caller of this method is responsible for ensuring that this type
+    /// is compatible with the Postgres `Type`.
+    ///
+    /// The return value indicates if this value should be represented as
+    /// `NULL`. If this is the case, implementations **must not** write
+    /// anything to `out`.
+    fn to_sql(&self, ty: &Type, out: &mut BytesMut) -> Result<IsNull, Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>>
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    /// Determines if a value of this type can be converted to the specified
+    /// Postgres `Type`.
+    fn accepts(ty: &Type) -> bool
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    /// An adaptor method used internally by Rust-Postgres.
+    ///
+    /// *All* implementations of this method should be generated by the
+    /// `to_sql_checked!()` macro.
+    fn to_sql_checked(
+        &self,
+        ty: &Type,
+        out: &mut BytesMut,
+    ) -> Result<IsNull, Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>>;
+
+    /// Specify the encode format
+    fn encode_format(&self, _ty: &Type) -> Format {
+        Format::Binary
+    }
+}
+
 /// Supported Postgres message format types
 ///
 /// Using Text format in a message assumes a Postgres `SERVER_ENCODING` of `UTF8`
@@ -351,3 +424,52 @@ pub enum Format {
    /// Compact, typed binary format
    Binary,
 }
+
+impl ToSql for &str {
+    fn to_sql(&self, ty: &Type, w: &mut BytesMut) -> Result<IsNull, Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>> {
+        match *ty {
+            ref ty if ty.name() == "ltree" => types::ltree_to_sql(self, w),
+            ref ty if ty.name() == "lquery" => types::lquery_to_sql(self, w),
+            ref ty if ty.name() == "ltxtquery" => types::ltxtquery_to_sql(self, w),
+            _ => types::text_to_sql(self, w),
+        }
+        Ok(IsNull::No)
+    }
+
+    fn accepts(ty: &Type) -> bool {
+        match *ty {
+            Type::VARCHAR | Type::TEXT | Type::BPCHAR | Type::NAME | Type::UNKNOWN => true,
+            ref ty
+                if (ty.name() == "citext"
+                    || ty.name() == "ltree"
+                    || ty.name() == "lquery"
+                    || ty.name() == "ltxtquery") =>
+            {
+                true
+            }
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    to_sql_checked!();
+}
+
+macro_rules! simple_to {
+    ($t:ty, $f:ident, $($expected:ident),+) => {
+        impl ToSql for $t {
+            fn to_sql(&self,
+                      _: &Type,
+                      w: &mut BytesMut)
+                      -> Result<IsNull, Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>> {
+                types::$f(*self, w);
+                Ok(IsNull::No)
+            }
+
+            accepts!($($expected),+);
+
+            to_sql_checked!();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+simple_to!(u32, oid_to_sql, OID);
--- a/libs/proxy/postgres-types2/src/type_gen.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/postgres-types2/src/type_gen.rs
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ impl Inner {
        }
    }

-    pub const fn const_oid(&self) -> Oid {
+    pub fn oid(&self) -> Oid {
        match *self {
            Inner::Bool => 16,
            Inner::Bytea => 17,
@@ -580,14 +580,7 @@ impl Inner {
            Inner::TstzmultiRangeArray => 6153,
            Inner::DatemultiRangeArray => 6155,
            Inner::Int8multiRangeArray => 6157,
-            Inner::Other(_) => u32::MAX,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn oid(&self) -> Oid {
-        match *self {
            Inner::Other(ref u) => u.oid,
-            _ => self.const_oid(),
        }
    }

@@ -734,17 +727,17 @@ impl Inner {
            Inner::JsonbArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::Jsonb)),
            Inner::AnyRange => &Kind::Pseudo,
            Inner::EventTrigger => &Kind::Pseudo,
-            Inner::Int4Range => &const { Kind::Range(Inner::Int4.const_oid()) },
+            Inner::Int4Range => &Kind::Range(Type(Inner::Int4)),
            Inner::Int4RangeArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::Int4Range)),
-            Inner::NumRange => &const { Kind::Range(Inner::Numeric.const_oid()) },
+            Inner::NumRange => &Kind::Range(Type(Inner::Numeric)),
            Inner::NumRangeArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::NumRange)),
-            Inner::TsRange => &const { Kind::Range(Inner::Timestamp.const_oid()) },
+            Inner::TsRange => &Kind::Range(Type(Inner::Timestamp)),
            Inner::TsRangeArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::TsRange)),
-            Inner::TstzRange => &const { Kind::Range(Inner::Timestamptz.const_oid()) },
+            Inner::TstzRange => &Kind::Range(Type(Inner::Timestamptz)),
            Inner::TstzRangeArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::TstzRange)),
-            Inner::DateRange => &const { Kind::Range(Inner::Date.const_oid()) },
+            Inner::DateRange => &Kind::Range(Type(Inner::Date)),
            Inner::DateRangeArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::DateRange)),
-            Inner::Int8Range => &const { Kind::Range(Inner::Int8.const_oid()) },
+            Inner::Int8Range => &Kind::Range(Type(Inner::Int8)),
            Inner::Int8RangeArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::Int8Range)),
            Inner::Jsonpath => &Kind::Simple,
            Inner::JsonpathArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::Jsonpath)),
--- a/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/client.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/client.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::net::IpAddr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 use std::time::Duration;

 use bytes::BytesMut;
 use fallible_iterator::FallibleIterator;
 use futures_util::{TryStreamExt, future, ready};
+use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use postgres_protocol2::message::backend::Message;
 use postgres_protocol2::message::frontend;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -14,52 +16,29 @@ use tokio::sync::mpsc;

 use crate::codec::{BackendMessages, FrontendMessage};
 use crate::config::{Host, SslMode};
+use crate::connection::{Request, RequestMessages};
 use crate::query::RowStream;
 use crate::simple_query::SimpleQueryStream;
 use crate::types::{Oid, Type};
 use crate::{
-    CancelToken, Error, ReadyForQueryStatus, SimpleQueryMessage, Transaction, TransactionBuilder,
-    query, simple_query,
+    CancelToken, Error, ReadyForQueryStatus, SimpleQueryMessage, Statement, Transaction,
+    TransactionBuilder, query, simple_query,
 };

 pub struct Responses {
-    /// new messages from conn
    receiver: mpsc::Receiver<BackendMessages>,
-    /// current batch of messages
    cur: BackendMessages,
-    /// number of total queries sent.
-    waiting: usize,
-    /// number of ReadyForQuery messages received.
-    received: usize,
 }

 impl Responses {
    pub fn poll_next(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<Message, Error>> {
        loop {
-            // get the next saved message
-            if let Some(message) = self.cur.next().map_err(Error::parse)? {
-                let received = self.received;
-
-                // increase the query head if this is the last message.
-                if let Message::ReadyForQuery(_) = message {
-                    self.received += 1;
-                }
-
-                // check if the client has skipped this query.
-                if received + 1 < self.waiting {
-                    // grab the next message.
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                // convenience: turn the error messaage into a proper error.
-                let res = match message {
-                    Message::ErrorResponse(body) => Err(Error::db(body)),
-                    message => Ok(message),
-                };
-                return Poll::Ready(res);
+            match self.cur.next().map_err(Error::parse)? {
+                Some(Message::ErrorResponse(body)) => return Poll::Ready(Err(Error::db(body))),
+                Some(message) => return Poll::Ready(Ok(message)),
+                None => {}
            }

-            // get the next batch of messages.
            match ready!(self.receiver.poll_recv(cx)) {
                Some(messages) => self.cur = messages,
                None => return Poll::Ready(Err(Error::closed())),
@@ -76,87 +55,44 @@ impl Responses {
 /// (corresponding to the queries in the [crate::prepare] module).
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub(crate) struct CachedTypeInfo {
+    /// A statement for basic information for a type from its
+    /// OID. Corresponds to [TYPEINFO_QUERY](crate::prepare::TYPEINFO_QUERY) (or its
+    /// fallback).
+    pub(crate) typeinfo: Option<Statement>,
+
    /// Cache of types already looked up.
    pub(crate) types: HashMap<Oid, Type>,
 }

 pub struct InnerClient {
-    sender: mpsc::UnboundedSender<FrontendMessage>,
-    responses: Responses,
+    sender: mpsc::UnboundedSender<Request>,

    /// A buffer to use when writing out postgres commands.
-    buffer: BytesMut,
+    buffer: Mutex<BytesMut>,
 }

 impl InnerClient {
-    pub fn start(&mut self) -> Result<PartialQuery, Error> {
-        self.responses.waiting += 1;
-        Ok(PartialQuery(Some(self)))
+    pub fn send(&self, messages: RequestMessages) -> Result<Responses, Error> {
+        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(1);
+        let request = Request { messages, sender };
+        self.sender.send(request).map_err(|_| Error::closed())?;
+
+        Ok(Responses {
+            receiver,
+            cur: BackendMessages::empty(),
+        })
    }

-    // pub fn send_with_sync<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Result<&mut Responses, Error>
-    // where
-    //     F: FnOnce(&mut BytesMut) -> Result<(), Error>,
-    // {
-    //     self.start()?.send_with_sync(f)
-    // }
-
-    pub fn send_simple_query(&mut self, query: &str) -> Result<&mut Responses, Error> {
-        self.responses.waiting += 1;
-
-        self.buffer.clear();
-        // simple queries do not need sync.
-        frontend::query(query, &mut self.buffer).map_err(Error::encode)?;
-        let buf = self.buffer.split().freeze();
-        self.send_message(FrontendMessage::Raw(buf))
-    }
-
-    fn send_message(&mut self, messages: FrontendMessage) -> Result<&mut Responses, Error> {
-        self.sender.send(messages).map_err(|_| Error::closed())?;
-        Ok(&mut self.responses)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct PartialQuery<'a>(Option<&'a mut InnerClient>);
-
-impl Drop for PartialQuery<'_> {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        if let Some(client) = self.0.take() {
-            client.buffer.clear();
-            frontend::sync(&mut client.buffer);
-            let buf = client.buffer.split().freeze();
-            let _ = client.send_message(FrontendMessage::Raw(buf));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> PartialQuery<'a> {
-    pub fn send_with_flush<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Result<&mut Responses, Error>
+    /// Call the given function with a buffer to be used when writing out
+    /// postgres commands.
+    pub fn with_buf<F, R>(&self, f: F) -> R
    where
-        F: FnOnce(&mut BytesMut) -> Result<(), Error>,
+        F: FnOnce(&mut BytesMut) -> R,
    {
-        let client = self.0.as_deref_mut().unwrap();
-
-        client.buffer.clear();
-        f(&mut client.buffer)?;
-        frontend::flush(&mut client.buffer);
-        let buf = client.buffer.split().freeze();
-        client.send_message(FrontendMessage::Raw(buf))
-    }
-
-    pub fn send_with_sync<F>(mut self, f: F) -> Result<&'a mut Responses, Error>
-    where
-        F: FnOnce(&mut BytesMut) -> Result<(), Error>,
-    {
-        let client = self.0.as_deref_mut().unwrap();
-
-        client.buffer.clear();
-        f(&mut client.buffer)?;
-        frontend::sync(&mut client.buffer);
-        let buf = client.buffer.split().freeze();
-        let _ = client.send_message(FrontendMessage::Raw(buf));
-
-        Ok(&mut self.0.take().unwrap().responses)
+        let mut buffer = self.buffer.lock();
+        let r = f(&mut buffer);
+        buffer.clear();
+        r
    }
 }

@@ -173,7 +109,7 @@ pub struct SocketConfig {
 /// The client is one half of what is returned when a connection is established. Users interact with the database
 /// through this client object.
 pub struct Client {
-    inner: InnerClient,
+    inner: Arc<InnerClient>,
    cached_typeinfo: CachedTypeInfo,

    socket_config: SocketConfig,
@@ -184,24 +120,17 @@ pub struct Client {

 impl Client {
    pub(crate) fn new(
-        sender: mpsc::UnboundedSender<FrontendMessage>,
-        receiver: mpsc::Receiver<BackendMessages>,
+        sender: mpsc::UnboundedSender<Request>,
        socket_config: SocketConfig,
        ssl_mode: SslMode,
        process_id: i32,
        secret_key: i32,
    ) -> Client {
        Client {
-            inner: InnerClient {
+            inner: Arc::new(InnerClient {
                sender,
-                responses: Responses {
-                    receiver,
-                    cur: BackendMessages::empty(),
-                    waiting: 0,
-                    received: 0,
-                },
                buffer: Default::default(),
-            },
+            }),
            cached_typeinfo: Default::default(),

            socket_config,
@@ -216,29 +145,19 @@ impl Client {
        self.process_id
    }

-    pub(crate) fn inner_mut(&mut self) -> &mut InnerClient {
-        &mut self.inner
+    pub(crate) fn inner(&self) -> &Arc<InnerClient> {
+        &self.inner
    }

    /// Pass text directly to the Postgres backend to allow it to sort out typing itself and
    /// to save a roundtrip
-    pub async fn query_raw_txt<S, I>(
-        &mut self,
-        statement: &str,
-        params: I,
-    ) -> Result<RowStream, Error>
+    pub async fn query_raw_txt<S, I>(&self, statement: &str, params: I) -> Result<RowStream, Error>
    where
        S: AsRef<str>,
        I: IntoIterator<Item = Option<S>>,
        I::IntoIter: ExactSizeIterator,
    {
-        query::query_txt(
-            &mut self.inner,
-            &mut self.cached_typeinfo,
-            statement,
-            params,
-        )
-        .await
+        query::query_txt(&self.inner, statement, params).await
    }

    /// Executes a sequence of SQL statements using the simple query protocol, returning the resulting rows.
@@ -254,15 +173,12 @@ impl Client {
    /// Prepared statements should be use for any query which contains user-specified data, as they provided the
    /// functionality to safely embed that data in the request. Do not form statements via string concatenation and pass
    /// them to this method!
-    pub async fn simple_query(&mut self, query: &str) -> Result<Vec<SimpleQueryMessage>, Error> {
+    pub async fn simple_query(&self, query: &str) -> Result<Vec<SimpleQueryMessage>, Error> {
        self.simple_query_raw(query).await?.try_collect().await
    }

-    pub(crate) async fn simple_query_raw(
-        &mut self,
-        query: &str,
-    ) -> Result<SimpleQueryStream, Error> {
-        simple_query::simple_query(self.inner_mut(), query).await
+    pub(crate) async fn simple_query_raw(&self, query: &str) -> Result<SimpleQueryStream, Error> {
+        simple_query::simple_query(self.inner(), query).await
    }

    /// Executes a sequence of SQL statements using the simple query protocol.
@@ -275,11 +191,15 @@ impl Client {
    /// Prepared statements should be use for any query which contains user-specified data, as they provided the
    /// functionality to safely embed that data in the request. Do not form statements via string concatenation and pass
    /// them to this method!
-    pub async fn batch_execute(&mut self, query: &str) -> Result<ReadyForQueryStatus, Error> {
-        simple_query::batch_execute(self.inner_mut(), query).await
+    pub async fn batch_execute(&self, query: &str) -> Result<ReadyForQueryStatus, Error> {
+        simple_query::batch_execute(self.inner(), query).await
    }

    pub async fn discard_all(&mut self) -> Result<ReadyForQueryStatus, Error> {
+        // clear the prepared statements that are about to be nuked from the postgres session
+
+        self.cached_typeinfo.typeinfo = None;
+
        self.batch_execute("discard all").await
    }

@@ -288,7 +208,7 @@ impl Client {
    /// The transaction will roll back by default - use the `commit` method to commit it.
    pub async fn transaction(&mut self) -> Result<Transaction<'_>, Error> {
        struct RollbackIfNotDone<'me> {
-            client: &'me mut Client,
+            client: &'me Client,
            done: bool,
        }

@@ -298,7 +218,14 @@ impl Client {
                    return;
                }

-                let _ = self.client.inner.send_simple_query("ROLLBACK");
+                let buf = self.client.inner().with_buf(|buf| {
+                    frontend::query("ROLLBACK", buf).unwrap();
+                    buf.split().freeze()
+                });
+                let _ = self
+                    .client
+                    .inner()
+                    .send(RequestMessages::Single(FrontendMessage::Raw(buf)));
            }
        }

@@ -312,7 +239,7 @@ impl Client {
                client: self,
                done: false,
            };
-            cleaner.client.batch_execute("BEGIN").await?;
+            self.batch_execute("BEGIN").await?;
            cleaner.done = true;
        }

@@ -338,6 +265,11 @@ impl Client {
        }
    }

+    /// Query for type information
+    pub(crate) async fn get_type_inner(&mut self, oid: Oid) -> Result<Type, Error> {
+        crate::prepare::get_type(&self.inner, &mut self.cached_typeinfo, oid).await
+    }
+
    /// Determines if the connection to the server has already closed.
    ///
    /// In that case, all future queries will fail.
--- a/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/codec.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/codec.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,21 @@
 use std::io;

-use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
+use bytes::{Buf, Bytes, BytesMut};
 use fallible_iterator::FallibleIterator;
 use postgres_protocol2::message::backend;
+use postgres_protocol2::message::frontend::CopyData;
 use tokio_util::codec::{Decoder, Encoder};

 pub enum FrontendMessage {
    Raw(Bytes),
+    CopyData(CopyData<Box<dyn Buf + Send>>),
 }

 pub enum BackendMessage {
-    Normal { messages: BackendMessages },
+    Normal {
+        messages: BackendMessages,
+        request_complete: bool,
+    },
    Async(backend::Message),
 }

@@ -39,6 +44,7 @@ impl Encoder<FrontendMessage> for PostgresCodec {
    fn encode(&mut self, item: FrontendMessage, dst: &mut BytesMut) -> io::Result<()> {
        match item {
            FrontendMessage::Raw(buf) => dst.extend_from_slice(&buf),
+            FrontendMessage::CopyData(data) => data.write(dst),
        }

        Ok(())
@@ -51,6 +57,7 @@ impl Decoder for PostgresCodec {

    fn decode(&mut self, src: &mut BytesMut) -> Result<Option<BackendMessage>, io::Error> {
        let mut idx = 0;
+        let mut request_complete = false;

        while let Some(header) = backend::Header::parse(&src[idx..])? {
            let len = header.len() as usize + 1;
@@ -75,6 +82,7 @@ impl Decoder for PostgresCodec {
            idx += len;

            if header.tag() == backend::READY_FOR_QUERY_TAG {
+                request_complete = true;
                break;
            }
        }
@@ -84,6 +92,7 @@ impl Decoder for PostgresCodec {
        } else {
            Ok(Some(BackendMessage::Normal {
                messages: BackendMessages(src.split_to(idx)),
+                request_complete,
            }))
        }
    }
--- a/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/connect.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/connect.rs
@@ -59,11 +59,9 @@ where
        connect_timeout: config.connect_timeout,
    };

-    let (client_tx, conn_rx) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
-    let (conn_tx, client_rx) = mpsc::channel(4);
+    let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
    let client = Client::new(
-        client_tx,
-        client_rx,
+        sender,
        socket_config,
        config.ssl_mode,
        process_id,
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ where
        .map(|m| BackendMessage::Async(Message::NoticeResponse(m)))
        .collect();

-    let connection = Connection::new(stream, delayed, parameters, conn_tx, conn_rx);
+    let connection = Connection::new(stream, delayed, parameters, receiver);

    Ok((client, connection))
 }
--- a/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/connection.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/connection.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};

 use bytes::BytesMut;
+use fallible_iterator::FallibleIterator;
 use futures_util::{Sink, Stream, ready};
 use postgres_protocol2::message::backend::Message;
 use postgres_protocol2::message::frontend;
@@ -18,12 +19,30 @@ use crate::error::DbError;
 use crate::maybe_tls_stream::MaybeTlsStream;
 use crate::{AsyncMessage, Error, Notification};

+pub enum RequestMessages {
+    Single(FrontendMessage),
+}
+
+pub struct Request {
+    pub messages: RequestMessages,
+    pub sender: mpsc::Sender<BackendMessages>,
+}
+
+pub struct Response {
+    sender: PollSender<BackendMessages>,
+}
+
 #[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
 enum State {
    Active,
    Closing,
 }

+enum WriteReady {
+    Terminating,
+    WaitingOnRead,
+}
+
 /// A connection to a PostgreSQL database.
 ///
 /// This is one half of what is returned when a new connection is established. It performs the actual IO with the
@@ -37,11 +56,9 @@ pub struct Connection<S, T> {
    pub stream: Framed<MaybeTlsStream<S, T>, PostgresCodec>,
    /// HACK: we need this in the Neon Proxy to forward params.
    pub parameters: HashMap<String, String>,
-
-    sender: PollSender<BackendMessages>,
-    receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<FrontendMessage>,
-
+    receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Request>,
    pending_responses: VecDeque<BackendMessage>,
+    responses: VecDeque<Response>,
    state: State,
 }

@@ -54,15 +71,14 @@ where
        stream: Framed<MaybeTlsStream<S, T>, PostgresCodec>,
        pending_responses: VecDeque<BackendMessage>,
        parameters: HashMap<String, String>,
-        sender: mpsc::Sender<BackendMessages>,
-        receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<FrontendMessage>,
+        receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Request>,
    ) -> Connection<S, T> {
        Connection {
            stream,
            parameters,
-            sender: PollSender::new(sender),
            receiver,
            pending_responses,
+            responses: VecDeque::new(),
            state: State::Active,
        }
    }
@@ -94,7 +110,7 @@ where
                }
            };

-            let messages = match message {
+            let (mut messages, request_complete) = match message {
                BackendMessage::Async(Message::NoticeResponse(body)) => {
                    let error = DbError::parse(&mut body.fields()).map_err(Error::parse)?;
                    return Poll::Ready(Ok(AsyncMessage::Notice(error)));
@@ -115,19 +131,41 @@ where
                    continue;
                }
                BackendMessage::Async(_) => unreachable!(),
-                BackendMessage::Normal { messages } => messages,
+                BackendMessage::Normal {
+                    messages,
+                    request_complete,
+                } => (messages, request_complete),
            };

-            match self.sender.poll_reserve(cx) {
+            let mut response = match self.responses.pop_front() {
+                Some(response) => response,
+                None => match messages.next().map_err(Error::parse)? {
+                    Some(Message::ErrorResponse(error)) => {
+                        return Poll::Ready(Err(Error::db(error)));
+                    }
+                    _ => return Poll::Ready(Err(Error::unexpected_message())),
+                },
+            };
+
+            match response.sender.poll_reserve(cx) {
                Poll::Ready(Ok(())) => {
-                    let _ = self.sender.send_item(messages);
+                    let _ = response.sender.send_item(messages);
+                    if !request_complete {
+                        self.responses.push_front(response);
+                    }
                }
                Poll::Ready(Err(_)) => {
-                    return Poll::Ready(Err(Error::closed()));
+                    // we need to keep paging through the rest of the messages even if the receiver's hung up
+                    if !request_complete {
+                        self.responses.push_front(response);
+                    }
                }
                Poll::Pending => {
-                    self.pending_responses
-                        .push_back(BackendMessage::Normal { messages });
+                    self.responses.push_front(response);
+                    self.pending_responses.push_back(BackendMessage::Normal {
+                        messages,
+                        request_complete,
+                    });
                    trace!("poll_read: waiting on sender");
                    return Poll::Pending;
                }
@@ -136,7 +174,7 @@ where
    }

    /// Fetch the next client request and enqueue the response sender.
-    fn poll_request(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<FrontendMessage>> {
+    fn poll_request(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<RequestMessages>> {
        if self.receiver.is_closed() {
            return Poll::Ready(None);
        }
@@ -144,7 +182,10 @@ where
        match self.receiver.poll_recv(cx) {
            Poll::Ready(Some(request)) => {
                trace!("polled new request");
-                Poll::Ready(Some(request))
+                self.responses.push_back(Response {
+                    sender: PollSender::new(request.sender),
+                });
+                Poll::Ready(Some(request.messages))
            }
            Poll::Ready(None) => Poll::Ready(None),
            Poll::Pending => Poll::Pending,
@@ -153,7 +194,7 @@ where

    /// Process client requests and write them to the postgres connection, flushing if necessary.
    /// client -> postgres
-    fn poll_write(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>> {
+    fn poll_write(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<WriteReady, Error>> {
        loop {
            if Pin::new(&mut self.stream)
                .poll_ready(cx)
@@ -168,14 +209,14 @@ where

            match self.poll_request(cx) {
                // send the message to postgres
-                Poll::Ready(Some(request)) => {
+                Poll::Ready(Some(RequestMessages::Single(request))) => {
                    Pin::new(&mut self.stream)
                        .start_send(request)
                        .map_err(Error::io)?;
                }
                // No more messages from the client, and no more responses to wait for.
                // Send a terminate message to postgres
-                Poll::Ready(None) => {
+                Poll::Ready(None) if self.responses.is_empty() => {
                    trace!("poll_write: at eof, terminating");
                    let mut request = BytesMut::new();
                    frontend::terminate(&mut request);
@@ -187,7 +228,16 @@ where

                    trace!("poll_write: sent eof, closing");
                    trace!("poll_write: done");
-                    return Poll::Ready(Ok(()));
+                    return Poll::Ready(Ok(WriteReady::Terminating));
+                }
+                // No more messages from the client, but there are still some responses to wait for.
+                Poll::Ready(None) => {
+                    trace!(
+                        "poll_write: at eof, pending responses {}",
+                        self.responses.len()
+                    );
+                    ready!(self.poll_flush(cx))?;
+                    return Poll::Ready(Ok(WriteReady::WaitingOnRead));
                }
                // Still waiting for a message from the client.
                Poll::Pending => {
@@ -248,7 +298,7 @@ where
            // if the state is still active, try read from and write to postgres.
            let message = self.poll_read(cx)?;
            let closing = self.poll_write(cx)?;
-            if let Poll::Ready(()) = closing {
+            if let Poll::Ready(WriteReady::Terminating) = closing {
                self.state = State::Closing;
            }

--- a/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/error/mod.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/error/mod.rs
@@ -86,27 +86,6 @@ pub struct DbError {
 }

 impl DbError {
-    pub fn new_test_error(code: SqlState, message: String) -> Self {
-        DbError {
-            severity: "ERROR".to_string(),
-            parsed_severity: Some(Severity::Error),
-            code,
-            message,
-            detail: None,
-            hint: None,
-            position: None,
-            where_: None,
-            schema: None,
-            table: None,
-            column: None,
-            datatype: None,
-            constraint: None,
-            file: None,
-            line: None,
-            routine: None,
-        }
-    }
-
    pub(crate) fn parse(fields: &mut ErrorFields<'_>) -> io::Result<DbError> {
        let mut severity = None;
        let mut parsed_severity = None;
--- a/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/generic_client.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/generic_client.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 #![allow(async_fn_in_trait)]

+use postgres_protocol2::Oid;
+
 use crate::query::RowStream;
+use crate::types::Type;
 use crate::{Client, Error, Transaction};

 mod private {
@@ -12,17 +15,20 @@ mod private {
 /// This trait is "sealed", and cannot be implemented outside of this crate.
 pub trait GenericClient: private::Sealed {
    /// Like `Client::query_raw_txt`.
-    async fn query_raw_txt<S, I>(&mut self, statement: &str, params: I) -> Result<RowStream, Error>
+    async fn query_raw_txt<S, I>(&self, statement: &str, params: I) -> Result<RowStream, Error>
    where
        S: AsRef<str> + Sync + Send,
        I: IntoIterator<Item = Option<S>> + Sync + Send,
        I::IntoIter: ExactSizeIterator + Sync + Send;
+
+    /// Query for type information
+    async fn get_type(&mut self, oid: Oid) -> Result<Type, Error>;
 }

 impl private::Sealed for Client {}

 impl GenericClient for Client {
-    async fn query_raw_txt<S, I>(&mut self, statement: &str, params: I) -> Result<RowStream, Error>
+    async fn query_raw_txt<S, I>(&self, statement: &str, params: I) -> Result<RowStream, Error>
    where
        S: AsRef<str> + Sync + Send,
        I: IntoIterator<Item = Option<S>> + Sync + Send,
@@ -30,12 +36,17 @@ impl GenericClient for Client {
    {
        self.query_raw_txt(statement, params).await
    }
+
+    /// Query for type information
+    async fn get_type(&mut self, oid: Oid) -> Result<Type, Error> {
+        self.get_type_inner(oid).await
+    }
 }

 impl private::Sealed for Transaction<'_> {}

 impl GenericClient for Transaction<'_> {
-    async fn query_raw_txt<S, I>(&mut self, statement: &str, params: I) -> Result<RowStream, Error>
+    async fn query_raw_txt<S, I>(&self, statement: &str, params: I) -> Result<RowStream, Error>
    where
        S: AsRef<str> + Sync + Send,
        I: IntoIterator<Item = Option<S>> + Sync + Send,
@@ -43,4 +54,9 @@ impl GenericClient for Transaction<'_> {
    {
        self.query_raw_txt(statement, params).await
    }
+
+    /// Query for type information
+    async fn get_type(&mut self, oid: Oid) -> Result<Type, Error> {
+        self.client_mut().get_type(oid).await
+    }
 }
--- a/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/lib.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ pub use crate::statement::{Column, Statement};
 pub use crate::tls::NoTls;
 pub use crate::transaction::Transaction;
 pub use crate::transaction_builder::{IsolationLevel, TransactionBuilder};
+use crate::types::ToSql;

 /// After executing a query, the connection will be in one of these states
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
@@ -119,3 +120,9 @@ pub enum SimpleQueryMessage {
    /// The number of rows modified or selected is returned.
    CommandComplete(u64),
 }
+
+fn slice_iter<'a>(
+    s: &'a [&'a (dyn ToSql + Sync)],
+) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = &'a (dyn ToSql + Sync)> + 'a {
+    s.iter().map(|s| *s as _)
+}
--- a/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/prepare.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/prepare.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
-use bytes::BytesMut;
-use fallible_iterator::FallibleIterator;
-use postgres_protocol2::IsNull;
-use postgres_protocol2::message::backend::{Message, RowDescriptionBody};
-use postgres_protocol2::message::frontend;
-use postgres_protocol2::types::oid_to_sql;
-use postgres_types2::Format;
+use std::future::Future;
+use std::pin::Pin;
+use std::sync::Arc;

-use crate::client::{CachedTypeInfo, PartialQuery, Responses};
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use fallible_iterator::FallibleIterator;
+use futures_util::{TryStreamExt, pin_mut};
+use postgres_protocol2::message::backend::Message;
+use postgres_protocol2::message::frontend;
+use tracing::debug;
+
+use crate::client::{CachedTypeInfo, InnerClient};
+use crate::codec::FrontendMessage;
+use crate::connection::RequestMessages;
 use crate::types::{Kind, Oid, Type};
-use crate::{Column, Error, Row, Statement};
+use crate::{Column, Error, Statement, query, slice_iter};

 pub(crate) const TYPEINFO_QUERY: &str = "\
 SELECT t.typname, t.typtype, t.typelem, r.rngsubtype, t.typbasetype, n.nspname, t.typrelid
@@ -18,51 +23,22 @@ INNER JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON t.typnamespace = n.oid
 WHERE t.oid = $1
 ";

-/// we need to make sure we close this prepared statement.
-struct CloseStmt<'a, 'b> {
-    client: Option<&'a mut PartialQuery<'b>>,
-    name: &'static str,
-}
-
-impl<'a> CloseStmt<'a, '_> {
-    fn close(mut self) -> Result<&'a mut Responses, Error> {
-        let client = self.client.take().unwrap();
-        client.send_with_flush(|buf| {
-            frontend::close(b'S', self.name, buf).map_err(Error::encode)?;
-            Ok(())
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for CloseStmt<'_, '_> {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        if let Some(client) = self.client.take() {
-            let _ = client.send_with_flush(|buf| {
-                frontend::close(b'S', self.name, buf).map_err(Error::encode)?;
-                Ok(())
-            });
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 async fn prepare_typecheck(
-    client: &mut PartialQuery<'_>,
+    client: &Arc<InnerClient>,
    name: &'static str,
    query: &str,
+    types: &[Type],
 ) -> Result<Statement, Error> {
-    let responses = client.send_with_flush(|buf| {
-        frontend::parse(name, query, [], buf).map_err(Error::encode)?;
-        frontend::describe(b'S', name, buf).map_err(Error::encode)?;
-        Ok(())
-    })?;
+    let buf = encode(client, name, query, types)?;
+    let mut responses = client.send(RequestMessages::Single(FrontendMessage::Raw(buf)))?;

    match responses.next().await? {
        Message::ParseComplete => {}
        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
    }

-    match responses.next().await? {
-        Message::ParameterDescription(_) => {}
+    let parameter_description = match responses.next().await? {
+        Message::ParameterDescription(body) => body,
        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
    };

@@ -72,6 +48,13 @@ async fn prepare_typecheck(
        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
    };

+    let mut parameters = vec![];
+    let mut it = parameter_description.parameters();
+    while let Some(oid) = it.next().map_err(Error::parse)? {
+        let type_ = Type::from_oid(oid).ok_or_else(Error::unexpected_message)?;
+        parameters.push(type_);
+    }
+
    let mut columns = vec![];
    if let Some(row_description) = row_description {
        let mut it = row_description.fields();
@@ -82,168 +65,98 @@ async fn prepare_typecheck(
        }
    }

-    Ok(Statement::new(name, columns))
+    Ok(Statement::new(client, name, parameters, columns))
 }

-fn try_from_cache(typecache: &CachedTypeInfo, oid: Oid) -> Option<Type> {
+fn encode(client: &InnerClient, name: &str, query: &str, types: &[Type]) -> Result<Bytes, Error> {
+    if types.is_empty() {
+        debug!("preparing query {}: {}", name, query);
+    } else {
+        debug!("preparing query {} with types {:?}: {}", name, types, query);
+    }
+
+    client.with_buf(|buf| {
+        frontend::parse(name, query, types.iter().map(Type::oid), buf).map_err(Error::encode)?;
+        frontend::describe(b'S', name, buf).map_err(Error::encode)?;
+        frontend::sync(buf);
+        Ok(buf.split().freeze())
+    })
+}
+
+pub async fn get_type(
+    client: &Arc<InnerClient>,
+    typecache: &mut CachedTypeInfo,
+    oid: Oid,
+) -> Result<Type, Error> {
    if let Some(type_) = Type::from_oid(oid) {
-        return Some(type_);
+        return Ok(type_);
    }

    if let Some(type_) = typecache.types.get(&oid) {
-        return Some(type_.clone());
+        return Ok(type_.clone());
    };

-    None
-}
+    let stmt = typeinfo_statement(client, typecache).await?;

-pub async fn parse_row_description(
-    client: &mut PartialQuery<'_>,
-    typecache: &mut CachedTypeInfo,
-    row_description: Option<RowDescriptionBody>,
-) -> Result<Vec<Column>, Error> {
-    let mut columns = vec![];
+    let rows = query::query(client, stmt, slice_iter(&[&oid])).await?;
+    pin_mut!(rows);

-    if let Some(row_description) = row_description {
-        let mut it = row_description.fields();
-        while let Some(field) = it.next().map_err(Error::parse)? {
-            let type_ = try_from_cache(typecache, field.type_oid()).unwrap_or(Type::UNKNOWN);
-            let column = Column::new(field.name().to_string(), type_, field);
-            columns.push(column);
-        }
-    }
-
-    let all_known = columns.iter().all(|c| c.type_ != Type::UNKNOWN);
-    if all_known {
-        // all known, return early.
-        return Ok(columns);
-    }
-
-    let typeinfo = "neon_proxy_typeinfo";
-
-    // make sure to close the typeinfo statement before exiting.
-    let mut guard = CloseStmt {
-        name: typeinfo,
-        client: None,
-    };
-    let client = guard.client.insert(client);
-
-    // get the typeinfo statement.
-    let stmt = prepare_typecheck(client, typeinfo, TYPEINFO_QUERY).await?;
-
-    for column in &mut columns {
-        column.type_ = get_type(client, typecache, &stmt, column.type_oid()).await?;
-    }
-
-    // cancel the close guard.
-    let responses = guard.close()?;
-
-    match responses.next().await? {
-        Message::CloseComplete => {}
-        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
-    }
-
-    Ok(columns)
-}
-
-async fn get_type(
-    client: &mut PartialQuery<'_>,
-    typecache: &mut CachedTypeInfo,
-    stmt: &Statement,
-    mut oid: Oid,
-) -> Result<Type, Error> {
-    let mut stack = vec![];
-    let mut type_ = loop {
-        if let Some(type_) = try_from_cache(typecache, oid) {
-            break type_;
-        }
-
-        let row = exec(client, stmt, oid).await?;
-        if stack.len() > 8 {
-            return Err(Error::unexpected_message());
-        }
-
-        let name: String = row.try_get(0)?;
-        let type_: i8 = row.try_get(1)?;
-        let elem_oid: Oid = row.try_get(2)?;
-        let rngsubtype: Option<Oid> = row.try_get(3)?;
-        let basetype: Oid = row.try_get(4)?;
-        let schema: String = row.try_get(5)?;
-        let relid: Oid = row.try_get(6)?;
-
-        let kind = if type_ == b'e' as i8 {
-            Kind::Enum
-        } else if type_ == b'p' as i8 {
-            Kind::Pseudo
-        } else if basetype != 0 {
-            Kind::Domain(basetype)
-        } else if elem_oid != 0 {
-            stack.push((name, oid, schema));
-            oid = elem_oid;
-            continue;
-        } else if relid != 0 {
-            Kind::Composite(relid)
-        } else if let Some(rngsubtype) = rngsubtype {
-            Kind::Range(rngsubtype)
-        } else {
-            Kind::Simple
-        };
-
-        let type_ = Type::new(name, oid, kind, schema);
-        typecache.types.insert(oid, type_.clone());
-        break type_;
+    let row = match rows.try_next().await? {
+        Some(row) => row,
+        None => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
    };

-    while let Some((name, oid, schema)) = stack.pop() {
-        type_ = Type::new(name, oid, Kind::Array(type_), schema);
-        typecache.types.insert(oid, type_.clone());
-    }
+    let name: String = row.try_get(0)?;
+    let type_: i8 = row.try_get(1)?;
+    let elem_oid: Oid = row.try_get(2)?;
+    let rngsubtype: Option<Oid> = row.try_get(3)?;
+    let basetype: Oid = row.try_get(4)?;
+    let schema: String = row.try_get(5)?;
+    let relid: Oid = row.try_get(6)?;
+
+    let kind = if type_ == b'e' as i8 {
+        Kind::Enum
+    } else if type_ == b'p' as i8 {
+        Kind::Pseudo
+    } else if basetype != 0 {
+        Kind::Domain(basetype)
+    } else if elem_oid != 0 {
+        let type_ = get_type_rec(client, typecache, elem_oid).await?;
+        Kind::Array(type_)
+    } else if relid != 0 {
+        Kind::Composite(relid)
+    } else if let Some(rngsubtype) = rngsubtype {
+        let type_ = get_type_rec(client, typecache, rngsubtype).await?;
+        Kind::Range(type_)
+    } else {
+        Kind::Simple
+    };
+
+    let type_ = Type::new(name, oid, kind, schema);
+    typecache.types.insert(oid, type_.clone());

    Ok(type_)
 }

-/// exec the typeinfo statement returning one row.
-async fn exec(
-    client: &mut PartialQuery<'_>,
-    statement: &Statement,
-    param: Oid,
-) -> Result<Row, Error> {
-    let responses = client.send_with_flush(|buf| {
-        encode_bind(statement, param, "", buf);
-        frontend::execute("", 0, buf).map_err(Error::encode)?;
-        Ok(())
-    })?;
+fn get_type_rec<'a>(
+    client: &'a Arc<InnerClient>,
+    typecache: &'a mut CachedTypeInfo,
+    oid: Oid,
+) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Type, Error>> + Send + 'a>> {
+    Box::pin(get_type(client, typecache, oid))
+}

-    match responses.next().await? {
-        Message::BindComplete => {}
-        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
+async fn typeinfo_statement(
+    client: &Arc<InnerClient>,
+    typecache: &mut CachedTypeInfo,
+) -> Result<Statement, Error> {
+    if let Some(stmt) = &typecache.typeinfo {
+        return Ok(stmt.clone());
    }

-    let row = match responses.next().await? {
-        Message::DataRow(body) => Row::new(statement.clone(), body, Format::Binary)?,
-        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
-    };
+    let typeinfo = "neon_proxy_typeinfo";
+    let stmt = prepare_typecheck(client, typeinfo, TYPEINFO_QUERY, &[]).await?;

-    match responses.next().await? {
-        Message::CommandComplete(_) => {}
-        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
-    };
-
-    Ok(row)
-}
-
-fn encode_bind(statement: &Statement, param: Oid, portal: &str, buf: &mut BytesMut) {
-    frontend::bind(
-        portal,
-        statement.name(),
-        [Format::Binary as i16],
-        [param],
-        |param, buf| {
-            oid_to_sql(param, buf);
-            Ok(IsNull::No)
-        },
-        [Format::Binary as i16],
-        buf,
-    )
-    .unwrap();
+    typecache.typeinfo = Some(stmt.clone());
+    Ok(stmt)
 }
--- a/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/query.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/query.rs
@@ -1,43 +1,76 @@
+use std::fmt;
+use std::marker::PhantomPinned;
 use std::pin::Pin;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};

-use bytes::BufMut;
+use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
+use fallible_iterator::FallibleIterator;
 use futures_util::{Stream, ready};
+use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
 use postgres_protocol2::message::backend::Message;
 use postgres_protocol2::message::frontend;
-use postgres_types2::Format;
+use postgres_types2::{Format, ToSql, Type};
+use tracing::debug;

-use crate::client::{CachedTypeInfo, InnerClient, Responses};
-use crate::{Error, ReadyForQueryStatus, Row, Statement};
+use crate::client::{InnerClient, Responses};
+use crate::codec::FrontendMessage;
+use crate::connection::RequestMessages;
+use crate::types::IsNull;
+use crate::{Column, Error, ReadyForQueryStatus, Row, Statement};

-pub async fn query_txt<'a, S, I>(
-    client: &'a mut InnerClient,
-    typecache: &mut CachedTypeInfo,
+struct BorrowToSqlParamsDebug<'a>(&'a [&'a (dyn ToSql + Sync)]);
+
+impl fmt::Debug for BorrowToSqlParamsDebug<'_> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_list().entries(self.0.iter()).finish()
+    }
+}
+
+pub async fn query<'a, I>(
+    client: &InnerClient,
+    statement: Statement,
+    params: I,
+) -> Result<RowStream, Error>
+where
+    I: IntoIterator<Item = &'a (dyn ToSql + Sync)>,
+    I::IntoIter: ExactSizeIterator,
+{
+    let buf = if tracing::enabled!(tracing::Level::DEBUG) {
+        let params = params.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        debug!(
+            "executing statement {} with parameters: {:?}",
+            statement.name(),
+            BorrowToSqlParamsDebug(params.as_slice()),
+        );
+        encode(client, &statement, params)?
+    } else {
+        encode(client, &statement, params)?
+    };
+    let responses = start(client, buf).await?;
+    Ok(RowStream {
+        statement,
+        responses,
+        command_tag: None,
+        status: ReadyForQueryStatus::Unknown,
+        output_format: Format::Binary,
+        _p: PhantomPinned,
+    })
+}
+
+pub async fn query_txt<S, I>(
+    client: &Arc<InnerClient>,
    query: &str,
    params: I,
-) -> Result<RowStream<'a>, Error>
+) -> Result<RowStream, Error>
 where
    S: AsRef<str>,
    I: IntoIterator<Item = Option<S>>,
    I::IntoIter: ExactSizeIterator,
 {
    let params = params.into_iter();
-    let mut client = client.start()?;

-    // Flow:
-    // 1. Parse the query
-    // 2. Inspect the row description for OIDs
-    // 3. If there's any OIDs we don't already know about, perform the typeinfo routine
-    // 4. Execute the query
-    // 5. Sync.
-    //
-    // The typeinfo routine:
-    // 1. Parse the typeinfo query
-    // 2. Execute the query on each OID
-    // 3. If the result does not match an OID we know, repeat 2.
-
-    // parse the query and get type info
-    let responses = client.send_with_flush(|buf| {
+    let buf = client.with_buf(|buf| {
        frontend::parse(
            "",                 // unnamed prepared statement
            query,              // query to parse
@@ -46,30 +79,7 @@ where
        )
        .map_err(Error::encode)?;
        frontend::describe(b'S', "", buf).map_err(Error::encode)?;
-        Ok(())
-    })?;
-
-    match responses.next().await? {
-        Message::ParseComplete => {}
-        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
-    }
-
-    match responses.next().await? {
-        Message::ParameterDescription(_) => {}
-        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
-    };
-
-    let row_description = match responses.next().await? {
-        Message::RowDescription(body) => Some(body),
-        Message::NoData => None,
-        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
-    };
-
-    let columns =
-        crate::prepare::parse_row_description(&mut client, typecache, row_description).await?;
-
-    let responses = client.send_with_sync(|buf| {
-        // Bind, pass params as text, retrieve as text
+        // Bind, pass params as text, retrieve as binary
        match frontend::bind(
            "",                 // empty string selects the unnamed portal
            "",                 // unnamed prepared statement
@@ -92,55 +102,173 @@ where

        // Execute
        frontend::execute("", 0, buf).map_err(Error::encode)?;
+        // Sync
+        frontend::sync(buf);

-        Ok(())
+        Ok(buf.split().freeze())
    })?;

+    // now read the responses
+    let mut responses = client.send(RequestMessages::Single(FrontendMessage::Raw(buf)))?;
+
+    match responses.next().await? {
+        Message::ParseComplete => {}
+        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
+    }
+
+    let parameter_description = match responses.next().await? {
+        Message::ParameterDescription(body) => body,
+        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
+    };
+
+    let row_description = match responses.next().await? {
+        Message::RowDescription(body) => Some(body),
+        Message::NoData => None,
+        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
+    };
+
    match responses.next().await? {
        Message::BindComplete => {}
        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
    }

+    let mut parameters = vec![];
+    let mut it = parameter_description.parameters();
+    while let Some(oid) = it.next().map_err(Error::parse)? {
+        let type_ = Type::from_oid(oid).unwrap_or(Type::UNKNOWN);
+        parameters.push(type_);
+    }
+
+    let mut columns = vec![];
+    if let Some(row_description) = row_description {
+        let mut it = row_description.fields();
+        while let Some(field) = it.next().map_err(Error::parse)? {
+            let type_ = Type::from_oid(field.type_oid()).unwrap_or(Type::UNKNOWN);
+            let column = Column::new(field.name().to_string(), type_, field);
+            columns.push(column);
+        }
+    }
+
    Ok(RowStream {
+        statement: Statement::new_anonymous(parameters, columns),
        responses,
-        statement: Statement::new("", columns),
        command_tag: None,
        status: ReadyForQueryStatus::Unknown,
        output_format: Format::Text,
+        _p: PhantomPinned,
    })
 }

-/// A stream of table rows.
-pub struct RowStream<'a> {
-    responses: &'a mut Responses,
-    output_format: Format,
-    pub statement: Statement,
-    pub command_tag: Option<String>,
-    pub status: ReadyForQueryStatus,
+async fn start(client: &InnerClient, buf: Bytes) -> Result<Responses, Error> {
+    let mut responses = client.send(RequestMessages::Single(FrontendMessage::Raw(buf)))?;
+
+    match responses.next().await? {
+        Message::BindComplete => {}
+        _ => return Err(Error::unexpected_message()),
+    }
+
+    Ok(responses)
 }

-impl Stream for RowStream<'_> {
+pub fn encode<'a, I>(client: &InnerClient, statement: &Statement, params: I) -> Result<Bytes, Error>
+where
+    I: IntoIterator<Item = &'a (dyn ToSql + Sync)>,
+    I::IntoIter: ExactSizeIterator,
+{
+    client.with_buf(|buf| {
+        encode_bind(statement, params, "", buf)?;
+        frontend::execute("", 0, buf).map_err(Error::encode)?;
+        frontend::sync(buf);
+        Ok(buf.split().freeze())
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn encode_bind<'a, I>(
+    statement: &Statement,
+    params: I,
+    portal: &str,
+    buf: &mut BytesMut,
+) -> Result<(), Error>
+where
+    I: IntoIterator<Item = &'a (dyn ToSql + Sync)>,
+    I::IntoIter: ExactSizeIterator,
+{
+    let param_types = statement.params();
+    let params = params.into_iter();
+
+    assert!(
+        param_types.len() == params.len(),
+        "expected {} parameters but got {}",
+        param_types.len(),
+        params.len()
+    );
+
+    let (param_formats, params): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = params
+        .zip(param_types.iter())
+        .map(|(p, ty)| (p.encode_format(ty) as i16, p))
+        .unzip();
+
+    let params = params.into_iter();
+
+    let mut error_idx = 0;
+    let r = frontend::bind(
+        portal,
+        statement.name(),
+        param_formats,
+        params.zip(param_types).enumerate(),
+        |(idx, (param, ty)), buf| match param.to_sql_checked(ty, buf) {
+            Ok(IsNull::No) => Ok(postgres_protocol2::IsNull::No),
+            Ok(IsNull::Yes) => Ok(postgres_protocol2::IsNull::Yes),
+            Err(e) => {
+                error_idx = idx;
+                Err(e)
+            }
+        },
+        Some(1),
+        buf,
+    );
+    match r {
+        Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+        Err(frontend::BindError::Conversion(e)) => Err(Error::to_sql(e, error_idx)),
+        Err(frontend::BindError::Serialization(e)) => Err(Error::encode(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+pin_project! {
+    /// A stream of table rows.
+    pub struct RowStream {
+        statement: Statement,
+        responses: Responses,
+        command_tag: Option<String>,
+        output_format: Format,
+        status: ReadyForQueryStatus,
+        #[pin]
+        _p: PhantomPinned,
+    }
+}
+
+impl Stream for RowStream {
    type Item = Result<Row, Error>;

    fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
-        let this = self.get_mut();
+        let this = self.project();
        loop {
            match ready!(this.responses.poll_next(cx)?) {
                Message::DataRow(body) => {
                    return Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(Row::new(
                        this.statement.clone(),
                        body,
-                        this.output_format,
+                        *this.output_format,
                    )?)));
                }
                Message::EmptyQueryResponse | Message::PortalSuspended => {}
                Message::CommandComplete(body) => {
                    if let Ok(tag) = body.tag() {
-                        this.command_tag = Some(tag.to_string());
+                        *this.command_tag = Some(tag.to_string());
                    }
                }
                Message::ReadyForQuery(status) => {
-                    this.status = status.into();
+                    *this.status = status.into();
                    return Poll::Ready(None);
                }
                _ => return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(Error::unexpected_message()))),
@@ -148,3 +276,24 @@ impl Stream for RowStream<'_> {
        }
    }
 }
+
+impl RowStream {
+    /// Returns information about the columns of data in the row.
+    pub fn columns(&self) -> &[Column] {
+        self.statement.columns()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the command tag of this query.
+    ///
+    /// This is only available after the stream has been exhausted.
+    pub fn command_tag(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.command_tag.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns if the connection is ready for querying, with the status of the connection.
+    ///
+    /// This might be available only after the stream has been exhausted.
+    pub fn ready_status(&self) -> ReadyForQueryStatus {
+        self.status
+    }
+}
--- a/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/simple_query.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/simple_query.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
+use std::marker::PhantomPinned;
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};

+use bytes::Bytes;
 use fallible_iterator::FallibleIterator;
 use futures_util::{Stream, ready};
 use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
 use postgres_protocol2::message::backend::Message;
+use postgres_protocol2::message::frontend;
 use tracing::debug;

 use crate::client::{InnerClient, Responses};
+use crate::codec::FrontendMessage;
+use crate::connection::RequestMessages;
 use crate::{Error, ReadyForQueryStatus, SimpleQueryMessage, SimpleQueryRow};

 /// Information about a column of a single query row.
@@ -28,28 +33,28 @@ impl SimpleColumn {
    }
 }

-pub async fn simple_query<'a>(
-    client: &'a mut InnerClient,
-    query: &str,
-) -> Result<SimpleQueryStream<'a>, Error> {
+pub async fn simple_query(client: &InnerClient, query: &str) -> Result<SimpleQueryStream, Error> {
    debug!("executing simple query: {}", query);

-    let responses = client.send_simple_query(query)?;
+    let buf = encode(client, query)?;
+    let responses = client.send(RequestMessages::Single(FrontendMessage::Raw(buf)))?;

    Ok(SimpleQueryStream {
        responses,
        columns: None,
        status: ReadyForQueryStatus::Unknown,
+        _p: PhantomPinned,
    })
 }

 pub async fn batch_execute(
-    client: &mut InnerClient,
+    client: &InnerClient,
    query: &str,
 ) -> Result<ReadyForQueryStatus, Error> {
    debug!("executing statement batch: {}", query);

-    let responses = client.send_simple_query(query)?;
+    let buf = encode(client, query)?;
+    let mut responses = client.send(RequestMessages::Single(FrontendMessage::Raw(buf)))?;

    loop {
        match responses.next().await? {
@@ -63,16 +68,25 @@ pub async fn batch_execute(
    }
 }

+pub(crate) fn encode(client: &InnerClient, query: &str) -> Result<Bytes, Error> {
+    client.with_buf(|buf| {
+        frontend::query(query, buf).map_err(Error::encode)?;
+        Ok(buf.split().freeze())
+    })
+}
+
 pin_project! {
    /// A stream of simple query results.
-    pub struct SimpleQueryStream<'a> {
-        responses: &'a mut Responses,
+    pub struct SimpleQueryStream {
+        responses: Responses,
        columns: Option<Arc<[SimpleColumn]>>,
        status: ReadyForQueryStatus,
+        #[pin]
+        _p: PhantomPinned,
    }
 }

-impl SimpleQueryStream<'_> {
+impl SimpleQueryStream {
    /// Returns if the connection is ready for querying, with the status of the connection.
    ///
    /// This might be available only after the stream has been exhausted.
@@ -81,7 +95,7 @@ impl SimpleQueryStream<'_> {
    }
 }

-impl Stream for SimpleQueryStream<'_> {
+impl Stream for SimpleQueryStream {
    type Item = Result<SimpleQueryMessage, Error>;

    fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
--- a/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/statement.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/statement.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,35 @@
 use std::fmt;
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};

-use crate::types::Type;
 use postgres_protocol2::Oid;
 use postgres_protocol2::message::backend::Field;
+use postgres_protocol2::message::frontend;
+
+use crate::client::InnerClient;
+use crate::codec::FrontendMessage;
+use crate::connection::RequestMessages;
+use crate::types::Type;

 struct StatementInner {
+    client: Weak<InnerClient>,
    name: &'static str,
+    params: Vec<Type>,
    columns: Vec<Column>,
 }

+impl Drop for StatementInner {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(client) = self.client.upgrade() {
+            let buf = client.with_buf(|buf| {
+                frontend::close(b'S', self.name, buf).unwrap();
+                frontend::sync(buf);
+                buf.split().freeze()
+            });
+            let _ = client.send(RequestMessages::Single(FrontendMessage::Raw(buf)));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// A prepared statement.
 ///
 /// Prepared statements can only be used with the connection that created them.
@@ -17,14 +37,38 @@ struct StatementInner {
 pub struct Statement(Arc<StatementInner>);

 impl Statement {
-    pub(crate) fn new(name: &'static str, columns: Vec<Column>) -> Statement {
-        Statement(Arc::new(StatementInner { name, columns }))
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        inner: &Arc<InnerClient>,
+        name: &'static str,
+        params: Vec<Type>,
+        columns: Vec<Column>,
+    ) -> Statement {
+        Statement(Arc::new(StatementInner {
+            client: Arc::downgrade(inner),
+            name,
+            params,
+            columns,
+        }))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn new_anonymous(params: Vec<Type>, columns: Vec<Column>) -> Statement {
+        Statement(Arc::new(StatementInner {
+            client: Weak::new(),
+            name: "<anonymous>",
+            params,
+            columns,
+        }))
    }

    pub(crate) fn name(&self) -> &str {
        self.0.name
    }

+    /// Returns the expected types of the statement's parameters.
+    pub fn params(&self) -> &[Type] {
+        &self.0.params
+    }
+
    /// Returns information about the columns returned when the statement is queried.
    pub fn columns(&self) -> &[Column] {
        &self.0.columns
@@ -34,7 +78,7 @@ impl Statement {
 /// Information about a column of a query.
 pub struct Column {
    name: String,
-    pub(crate) type_: Type,
+    type_: Type,

    // raw fields from RowDescription
    table_oid: Oid,
--- a/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/transaction.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/tokio-postgres2/src/transaction.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+use postgres_protocol2::message::frontend;
+
+use crate::codec::FrontendMessage;
+use crate::connection::RequestMessages;
 use crate::query::RowStream;
 use crate::{CancelToken, Client, Error, ReadyForQueryStatus};

@@ -16,7 +20,14 @@ impl Drop for Transaction<'_> {
            return;
        }

-        let _ = self.client.inner_mut().send_simple_query("ROLLBACK");
+        let buf = self.client.inner().with_buf(|buf| {
+            frontend::query("ROLLBACK", buf).unwrap();
+            buf.split().freeze()
+        });
+        let _ = self
+            .client
+            .inner()
+            .send(RequestMessages::Single(FrontendMessage::Raw(buf)));
    }
 }

@@ -43,11 +54,7 @@ impl<'a> Transaction<'a> {
    }

    /// Like `Client::query_raw_txt`.
-    pub async fn query_raw_txt<S, I>(
-        &mut self,
-        statement: &str,
-        params: I,
-    ) -> Result<RowStream, Error>
+    pub async fn query_raw_txt<S, I>(&self, statement: &str, params: I) -> Result<RowStream, Error>
    where
        S: AsRef<str>,
        I: IntoIterator<Item = Option<S>>,
--- a/libs/remote_storage/src/azure_blob.rs
+++ b/libs/remote_storage/src/azure_blob.rs
@@ -330,18 +330,11 @@ impl AzureBlobStorage {
                if let Err(DownloadError::Timeout) = &next_item {
                    timeout_try_cnt += 1;
                    if timeout_try_cnt <= 5 {
-                        continue 'outer;
+                        continue;
                    }
                }

-                let next_item = match next_item {
-                    Ok(next_item) => next_item,
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        // The error is potentially retryable, so we must rewind the loop after yielding.
-                        yield Err(e);
-                        continue 'outer;
-                    },
-                };
+                let next_item = next_item?;

                // Log a warning if we saw two timeouts in a row before a successful request
                if timeout_try_cnt > 2 {
--- a/libs/remote_storage/src/s3_bucket.rs
+++ b/libs/remote_storage/src/s3_bucket.rs
@@ -657,14 +657,7 @@ impl RemoteStorage for S3Bucket {
                    res = request => Ok(res),
                    _ = tokio::time::sleep(self.timeout) => Err(DownloadError::Timeout),
                    _ = cancel.cancelled() => Err(DownloadError::Cancelled),
-                };
-
-                if let Err(DownloadError::Timeout) = &response {
-                    yield Err(DownloadError::Timeout);
-                    continue 'outer;
-                }
-
-                let response = response?; // always yield cancellation errors and stop the stream
+                }?;

                let response = response
                    .context("Failed to list S3 prefixes")
--- a/libs/utils/src/crashsafe.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/crashsafe.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::fs::{self, File};
 use std::io::{self, Write};
-use std::os::fd::AsFd;
+use std::os::fd::AsRawFd;

 use camino::{Utf8Path, Utf8PathBuf};

@@ -210,13 +210,13 @@ pub fn overwrite(

 /// Syncs the filesystem for the given file descriptor.
 #[cfg_attr(target_os = "macos", allow(unused_variables))]
-pub fn syncfs(fd: impl AsFd) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+pub fn syncfs(fd: impl AsRawFd) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    // Linux guarantees durability for syncfs.
    // POSIX doesn't have syncfs, and further does not actually guarantee durability of sync().
    #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
    {
        use anyhow::Context;
-        nix::unistd::syncfs(fd).context("syncfs")?;
+        nix::unistd::syncfs(fd.as_raw_fd()).context("syncfs")?;
    }
    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
    {
--- a/libs/utils/src/fs_ext/rename_noreplace.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/fs_ext/rename_noreplace.rs
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ pub fn rename_noreplace<P1: ?Sized + NixPath, P2: ?Sized + NixPath>(
        #[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu"))]
        {
            nix::fcntl::renameat2(
-                nix::fcntl::AT_FDCWD,
+                None,
                src,
-                nix::fcntl::AT_FDCWD,
+                None,
                dst,
                nix::fcntl::RenameFlags::RENAME_NOREPLACE,
            )
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More