chore: clippy::too_many_arguments

refactor: cleanup extra cancellation waits
fix: layer backoff
2026-01-19 03:12:55 +00:00 · 2023-12-13 23:07:25 +00:00 · 2023-12-13 23:05:54 +00:00 · 2023-12-13 23:05:54 +00:00 · 2023-12-13 23:05:48 +00:00 · 2023-12-13 23:05:35 +00:00
354 changed files with 9968 additions and 32196 deletions
--- a/.config/nextest.toml
+++ b/.config/nextest.toml
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-[profile.default]
-slow-timeout = { period = "20s", terminate-after = 3 }
--- a/.github/workflows/benchmarking.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/benchmarking.yml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ on:
    #          │ │ ┌───────────── day of the month (1 - 31)
    #          │ │ │ ┌───────────── month (1 - 12 or JAN-DEC)
    #          │ │ │ │ ┌───────────── day of the week (0 - 6 or SUN-SAT)
-    - cron:   '0 3 * * *' # run once a day, timezone is utc
+    - cron:  '0 3 * * *' # run once a day, timezone is utc

  workflow_dispatch: # adds ability to run this manually
    inputs:
@@ -23,21 +23,6 @@ on:
        type: boolean
        description: 'Publish perf report. If not set, the report will be published only for the main branch'
        required: false
-      collect_olap_explain:
-        type: boolean
-        description: 'Collect EXPLAIN ANALYZE for OLAP queries. If not set, EXPLAIN ANALYZE will not be collected'
-        required: false
-        default: false
-      collect_pg_stat_statements:
-        type: boolean
-        description: 'Collect pg_stat_statements for OLAP queries. If not set, pg_stat_statements will not be collected'
-        required: false
-        default: false
-      run_AWS_RDS_AND_AURORA:
-        type: boolean
-        description: 'AWS-RDS and AWS-AURORA normally only run on Saturday. Set this to true to run them on every workflow_dispatch'
-        required: false
-        default: false

 defaults:
  run:
@@ -128,8 +113,6 @@ jobs:
    # - neon-captest-reuse: Reusing existing project
    # - rds-aurora: Aurora Postgres Serverless v2 with autoscaling from 0.5 to 2 ACUs
    # - rds-postgres: RDS Postgres db.m5.large instance (2 vCPU, 8 GiB) with gp3 EBS storage
-    env:
-      RUN_AWS_RDS_AND_AURORA: ${{ github.event.inputs.run_AWS_RDS_AND_AURORA || 'false' }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      pgbench-compare-matrix: ${{ steps.pgbench-compare-matrix.outputs.matrix }}
@@ -169,7 +152,7 @@ jobs:
          ]
        }'

-        if [ "$(date +%A)" = "Saturday" ] || [ ${RUN_AWS_RDS_AND_AURORA} = "true" ]; then
+        if [ "$(date +%A)" = "Saturday" ]; then
          matrix=$(echo "$matrix" | jq '.include += [{ "platform": "rds-postgres" },
                                                   { "platform": "rds-aurora"   }]')
        fi
@@ -188,9 +171,9 @@ jobs:
          ]
        }'

-        if [ "$(date +%A)" = "Saturday" ] || [ ${RUN_AWS_RDS_AND_AURORA} = "true" ]; then
+        if [ "$(date +%A)" = "Saturday" ]; then
          matrix=$(echo "$matrix" | jq '.include += [{ "platform": "rds-postgres", "scale": "10" },
-                                                    { "platform": "rds-aurora",   "scale": "10" }]')
+                                                   { "platform": "rds-aurora",   "scale": "10" }]')
        fi

        echo "matrix=$(echo "$matrix" | jq --compact-output '.')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
@@ -354,8 +337,6 @@ jobs:
      POSTGRES_DISTRIB_DIR: /tmp/neon/pg_install
      DEFAULT_PG_VERSION: 14
      TEST_OUTPUT: /tmp/test_output
-      TEST_OLAP_COLLECT_EXPLAIN: ${{ github.event.inputs.collect_olap_explain }}
-      TEST_OLAP_COLLECT_PG_STAT_STATEMENTS: ${{ github.event.inputs.collect_pg_stat_statements }}
      BUILD_TYPE: remote
      SAVE_PERF_REPORT: ${{ github.event.inputs.save_perf_report || ( github.ref_name == 'main' ) }}
      PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.platform }}
@@ -418,8 +399,6 @@ jobs:
      env:
        VIP_VAP_ACCESS_TOKEN: "${{ secrets.VIP_VAP_ACCESS_TOKEN }}"
        PERF_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: "${{ secrets.PERF_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR }}"
-        TEST_OLAP_COLLECT_EXPLAIN: ${{ github.event.inputs.collect_olap_explain || 'false' }}
-        TEST_OLAP_COLLECT_PG_STAT_STATEMENTS: ${{ github.event.inputs.collect_pg_stat_statements || 'false' }}
        BENCHMARK_CONNSTR: ${{ steps.set-up-connstr.outputs.connstr }}
        TEST_OLAP_SCALE: 10

--- a/.github/workflows/build_and_push_docker_image.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_and_push_docker_image.yml
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-name: Build and Push Docker Image
-
-on:
-  workflow_call:
-    inputs:
-      dockerfile-path:
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      image-name:
-        required: true
-        type: string
-    outputs:
-      build-tools-tag:
-        description: "tag generated for build tools"
-        value: ${{ jobs.tag.outputs.build-tools-tag }}
-
-jobs:
-  check-if-build-tools-dockerfile-changed:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    outputs:
-      docker_file_changed: ${{ steps.dockerfile.outputs.docker_file_changed }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Check if Dockerfile.buildtools has changed
-        id: dockerfile
-        run: |
-          if [[ "$GITHUB_EVENT_NAME" != "pull_request" ]]; then
-            echo "docker_file_changed=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-            exit
-          fi
-          updated_files=$(gh pr --repo neondatabase/neon diff ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }} --name-only)
-          if [[ $updated_files == *"Dockerfile.buildtools"* ]]; then
-            echo "docker_file_changed=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          fi
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-  tag:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [ check-if-build-tools-dockerfile-changed ]
-    outputs:
-      build-tools-tag: ${{steps.buildtools-tag.outputs.image_tag}}
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Get buildtools tag
-        env:
-          DOCKERFILE_CHANGED: ${{ needs.check-if-build-tools-dockerfile-changed.outputs.docker_file_changed }}
-        run: |
-          if [[ "$GITHUB_EVENT_NAME" == "pull_request" ]] && [[ "${DOCKERFILE_CHANGED}" == "true" ]]; then
-            IMAGE_TAG=$GITHUB_RUN_ID
-          else
-            IMAGE_TAG=pinned
-          fi
-
-          echo "image_tag=${IMAGE_TAG}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        shell: bash
-        id: buildtools-tag
-
-  kaniko:
-    if: needs.check-if-build-tools-dockerfile-changed.outputs.docker_file_changed == 'true'
-    needs: [ tag, check-if-build-tools-dockerfile-changed ]
-    runs-on: [ self-hosted, dev, x64 ]
-    container: gcr.io/kaniko-project/executor:v1.7.0-debug
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v1
-
-      - name: Configure ECR login
-        run: echo "{\"credsStore\":\"ecr-login\"}" > /kaniko/.docker/config.json
-
-      - name: Kaniko build
-        run: |
-          /kaniko/executor \
-            --reproducible \
-            --snapshotMode=redo \
-            --skip-unused-stages \
-            --dockerfile ${{ inputs.dockerfile-path }} \
-            --cache=true \
-            --cache-repo 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/cache \
-            --destination 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/${{ inputs.image-name }}:${{ needs.tag.outputs.build-tools-tag }}-amd64
-
-  kaniko-arm:
-    if: needs.check-if-build-tools-dockerfile-changed.outputs.docker_file_changed == 'true'
-    needs: [ tag, check-if-build-tools-dockerfile-changed ]
-    runs-on: [ self-hosted, dev, arm64 ]
-    container: gcr.io/kaniko-project/executor:v1.7.0-debug
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v1
-
-      - name: Configure ECR login
-        run: echo "{\"credsStore\":\"ecr-login\"}" > /kaniko/.docker/config.json
-
-      - name: Kaniko build
-        run: |
-          /kaniko/executor \
-            --reproducible \
-            --snapshotMode=redo \
-            --skip-unused-stages \
-            --dockerfile ${{ inputs.dockerfile-path }} \
-            --cache=true \
-            --cache-repo 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/cache \
-            --destination 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/${{ inputs.image-name }}:${{ needs.tag.outputs.build-tools-tag }}-arm64
-
-  manifest:
-    if: needs.check-if-build-tools-dockerfile-changed.outputs.docker_file_changed == 'true'
-    name: 'manifest'
-    runs-on: [ self-hosted, dev, x64 ]
-    needs:
-      - tag
-      - kaniko
-      - kaniko-arm
-      - check-if-build-tools-dockerfile-changed
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Create manifest
-        run: |
-          docker manifest create 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/${{ inputs.image-name }}:${{ needs.tag.outputs.build-tools-tag }} \
-                         --amend 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/${{ inputs.image-name }}:${{ needs.tag.outputs.build-tools-tag }}-amd64 \
-                         --amend 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/${{ inputs.image-name }}:${{ needs.tag.outputs.build-tools-tag }}-arm64
-
-      - name: Push manifest
-        run: docker manifest push 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/${{ inputs.image-name }}:${{ needs.tag.outputs.build-tools-tag }}
--- a/.github/workflows/build_and_test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_and_test.yml
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ env:
  COPT: '-Werror'
  AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_DEV }}
  AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_KEY_DEV }}
-  # A concurrency group that we use for e2e-tests runs, matches `concurrency.group` above with `github.repository` as a prefix
-  E2E_CONCURRENCY_GROUP: ${{ github.repository }}-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.ref_name == 'main' && github.sha || 'anysha' }}

 jobs:
  check-permissions:
@@ -46,19 +44,6 @@ jobs:

        exit 1

-  cancel-previous-e2e-tests:
-    needs: [ check-permissions ]
-    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Cancel previous e2e-tests runs for this PR
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CI_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          gh workflow --repo neondatabase/cloud \
-            run cancel-previous-in-concurrency-group.yml \
-              --field concurrency_group="${{ env.E2E_CONCURRENCY_GROUP }}"

  tag:
    needs: [ check-permissions ]
@@ -89,19 +74,11 @@ jobs:
        shell: bash
        id: build-tag

-  build-buildtools-image:
-    needs: [ check-permissions ]
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/build_and_push_docker_image.yml
-    with:
-      dockerfile-path: Dockerfile.buildtools
-      image-name: build-tools
-    secrets: inherit
-
  check-codestyle-python:
-    needs: [ check-permissions, build-buildtools-image ]
+    needs: [ check-permissions ]
    runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, small ]
    container:
-      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/build-tools:${{ needs.build-buildtools-image.outputs.build-tools-tag }}
+      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/rust:pinned
      options: --init

    steps:
@@ -121,20 +98,20 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Python deps
        run: ./scripts/pysync

-      - name: Run `ruff check` to ensure code format
-        run: poetry run ruff check .
+      - name: Run ruff to ensure code format
+        run: poetry run ruff .

-      - name: Run `ruff format` to ensure code format
-        run: poetry run ruff format --check .
+      - name: Run black to ensure code format
+        run: poetry run black --diff --check .

      - name: Run mypy to check types
        run: poetry run mypy .

  check-codestyle-rust:
-    needs: [ check-permissions, build-buildtools-image ]
+    needs: [ check-permissions ]
    runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, large ]
    container:
-      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/build-tools:${{ needs.build-buildtools-image.outputs.build-tools-tag }}
+      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/rust:pinned
      options: --init

    steps:
@@ -198,15 +175,11 @@ jobs:
        run: cargo deny check --hide-inclusion-graph

  build-neon:
-    needs: [ check-permissions, tag, build-buildtools-image ]
+    needs: [ check-permissions, tag ]
    runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, large ]
    container:
-      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/build-tools:${{ needs.build-buildtools-image.outputs.build-tools-tag }}
-      # Raise locked memory limit for tokio-epoll-uring.
-      # On 5.10 LTS kernels < 5.10.162 (and generally mainline kernels < 5.12),
-      # io_uring will account the memory of the CQ and SQ as locked.
-      # More details: https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/6373#issuecomment-1905814391
-      options: --init --shm-size=512mb --ulimit memlock=67108864:67108864
+      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/rust:pinned
+      options: --init
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
@@ -359,20 +332,16 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          ${cov_prefix} mold -run cargo build $CARGO_FLAGS $CARGO_FEATURES --bins --tests

-      - name: Run rust tests
-        env:
-          NEXTEST_RETRIES: 3
+      - name: Run cargo test
        run: |
-          for io_engine in std-fs tokio-epoll-uring ; do
-            NEON_PAGESERVER_UNIT_TEST_VIRTUAL_FILE_IOENGINE=$io_engine ${cov_prefix} cargo nextest run $CARGO_FLAGS $CARGO_FEATURES
-          done
+          ${cov_prefix} cargo test $CARGO_FLAGS $CARGO_FEATURES

          # Run separate tests for real S3
          export ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE=nonempty
-          export REMOTE_STORAGE_S3_BUCKET=neon-github-ci-tests
+          export REMOTE_STORAGE_S3_BUCKET=neon-github-public-dev
          export REMOTE_STORAGE_S3_REGION=eu-central-1
          # Avoid `$CARGO_FEATURES` since there's no `testing` feature in the e2e tests now
-          ${cov_prefix} cargo nextest run $CARGO_FLAGS -E 'package(remote_storage)' -E 'test(test_real_s3)'
+          ${cov_prefix} cargo test $CARGO_FLAGS --package remote_storage --test test_real_s3

          # Run separate tests for real Azure Blob Storage
          # XXX: replace region with `eu-central-1`-like region
@@ -382,7 +351,7 @@ jobs:
          export REMOTE_STORAGE_AZURE_CONTAINER="${{ vars.REMOTE_STORAGE_AZURE_CONTAINER }}"
          export REMOTE_STORAGE_AZURE_REGION="${{ vars.REMOTE_STORAGE_AZURE_REGION }}"
          # Avoid `$CARGO_FEATURES` since there's no `testing` feature in the e2e tests now
-          ${cov_prefix} cargo nextest run $CARGO_FLAGS -E 'package(remote_storage)' -E 'test(test_real_azure)'
+          ${cov_prefix} cargo test $CARGO_FLAGS --package remote_storage --test test_real_azure

      - name: Install rust binaries
        run: |
@@ -439,12 +408,12 @@ jobs:
        uses: ./.github/actions/save-coverage-data

  regress-tests:
-    needs: [ check-permissions, build-neon, build-buildtools-image, tag ]
+    needs: [ check-permissions, build-neon, tag ]
    runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, large ]
    container:
-      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/build-tools:${{ needs.build-buildtools-image.outputs.build-tools-tag }}
-      # for changed limits, see comments on `options:` earlier in this file
-      options: --init --shm-size=512mb --ulimit memlock=67108864:67108864
+      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/rust:pinned
+      # Default shared memory is 64mb
+      options: --init --shm-size=512mb
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
@@ -472,24 +441,22 @@ jobs:
          TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: ${{ secrets.REGRESS_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR_NEW }}
          CHECK_ONDISK_DATA_COMPATIBILITY: nonempty
          BUILD_TAG: ${{ needs.tag.outputs.build-tag }}
-          PAGESERVER_VIRTUAL_FILE_IO_ENGINE: std-fs

      - name: Merge and upload coverage data
        if: matrix.build_type == 'debug' && matrix.pg_version == 'v14'
        uses: ./.github/actions/save-coverage-data

  benchmarks:
-    needs: [ check-permissions, build-neon, build-buildtools-image ]
+    needs: [ check-permissions, build-neon ]
    runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, small ]
    container:
-      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/build-tools:${{ needs.build-buildtools-image.outputs.build-tools-tag }}
-      # for changed limits, see comments on `options:` earlier in this file
-      options: --init --shm-size=512mb --ulimit memlock=67108864:67108864
+      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/rust:pinned
+      # Default shared memory is 64mb
+      options: --init --shm-size=512mb
    if: github.ref_name == 'main' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'run-benchmarks')
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
-        # the amount of groups (N) should be reflected in `extra_params: --splits N ...`
        pytest_split_group: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
        build_type: [ release ]
    steps:
@@ -503,22 +470,21 @@ jobs:
          test_selection: performance
          run_in_parallel: false
          save_perf_report: ${{ github.ref_name == 'main' }}
-          extra_params: --splits 4 --group ${{ matrix.pytest_split_group }}
+          extra_params: --splits ${{ strategy.job-total }} --group ${{ matrix.pytest_split_group }}
        env:
          VIP_VAP_ACCESS_TOKEN: "${{ secrets.VIP_VAP_ACCESS_TOKEN }}"
          PERF_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: "${{ secrets.PERF_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR }}"
          TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: "${{ secrets.REGRESS_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR_NEW }}"
-          PAGESERVER_VIRTUAL_FILE_IO_ENGINE: tokio-epoll-uring
      # XXX: no coverage data handling here, since benchmarks are run on release builds,
      # while coverage is currently collected for the debug ones

  create-test-report:
-    needs: [ check-permissions, regress-tests, coverage-report, benchmarks, build-buildtools-image ]
+    needs: [ check-permissions, regress-tests, coverage-report, benchmarks ]
    if: ${{ !cancelled() && contains(fromJSON('["skipped", "success"]'), needs.check-permissions.result) }}

    runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, small ]
    container:
-      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/build-tools:${{ needs.build-buildtools-image.outputs.build-tools-tag }}
+      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/rust:pinned
      options: --init

    steps:
@@ -560,10 +526,11 @@ jobs:
            })

  coverage-report:
-    needs: [ check-permissions, regress-tests, build-buildtools-image ]
+    needs: [ check-permissions, regress-tests ]
+
    runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, small ]
    container:
-      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/build-tools:${{ needs.build-buildtools-image.outputs.build-tools-tag }}
+      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/rust:pinned
      options: --init
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
@@ -722,13 +689,12 @@ jobs:
                \"commit_hash\": \"$COMMIT_SHA\",
                \"remote_repo\": \"${{ github.repository }}\",
                \"storage_image_tag\": \"${{ needs.tag.outputs.build-tag }}\",
-                \"compute_image_tag\": \"${{ needs.tag.outputs.build-tag }}\",
-                \"concurrency_group\": \"${{ env.E2E_CONCURRENCY_GROUP }}\"
+                \"compute_image_tag\": \"${{ needs.tag.outputs.build-tag }}\"
              }
            }"

  neon-image:
-    needs: [ check-permissions, build-buildtools-image, tag ]
+    needs: [ check-permissions, tag ]
    runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, large ]
    container: gcr.io/kaniko-project/executor:v1.9.2-debug
    defaults:
@@ -767,7 +733,6 @@ jobs:
                           --context .
                           --build-arg GIT_VERSION=${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
                           --build-arg BUILD_TAG=${{ needs.tag.outputs.build-tag }}
-                           --build-arg TAG=${{ needs.build-buildtools-image.outputs.build-tools-tag }}
                           --build-arg REPOSITORY=369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com
                           --destination 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/neon:${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}}
                           --destination neondatabase/neon:${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}}
@@ -778,7 +743,7 @@ jobs:

  compute-tools-image:
    runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, large ]
-    needs: [ check-permissions, build-buildtools-image, tag ]
+    needs: [ check-permissions, tag ]
    container: gcr.io/kaniko-project/executor:v1.9.2-debug
    defaults:
      run:
@@ -813,7 +778,6 @@ jobs:
                           --context .
                           --build-arg GIT_VERSION=${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
                           --build-arg BUILD_TAG=${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}}
-                           --build-arg TAG=${{needs.build-buildtools-image.outputs.build-tools-tag}}
                           --build-arg REPOSITORY=369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com
                           --dockerfile Dockerfile.compute-tools
                           --destination 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/compute-tools:${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}}
@@ -824,7 +788,7 @@ jobs:
        run: rm -rf ~/.ecr

  compute-node-image:
-    needs: [ check-permissions, build-buildtools-image, tag ]
+    needs: [ check-permissions, tag ]
    runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, large ]
    container:
      image: gcr.io/kaniko-project/executor:v1.9.2-debug
@@ -872,7 +836,6 @@ jobs:
                           --build-arg GIT_VERSION=${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
                           --build-arg PG_VERSION=${{ matrix.version }}
                           --build-arg BUILD_TAG=${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}}
-                           --build-arg TAG=${{needs.build-buildtools-image.outputs.build-tools-tag}}
                           --build-arg REPOSITORY=369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com
                           --dockerfile Dockerfile.compute-node
                           --destination 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/compute-node-${{ matrix.version }}:${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}}
@@ -894,7 +857,7 @@ jobs:
      run:
        shell: sh -eu {0}
    env:
-      VM_BUILDER_VERSION: v0.21.0
+      VM_BUILDER_VERSION: v0.19.0

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
@@ -1159,7 +1122,7 @@ jobs:
            # TODO: move deployPreprodRegion to release (`"$GITHUB_REF_NAME" == "release"` block), once Staging support different compute tag prefixes for different regions
            gh workflow --repo neondatabase/aws run deploy-dev.yml --ref main -f branch=main -f dockerTag=${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}} -f deployPreprodRegion=true
          elif [[ "$GITHUB_REF_NAME" == "release" ]]; then
-            gh workflow --repo neondatabase/aws run deploy-prod.yml --ref main -f branch=main -f dockerTag=${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}}
+            gh workflow --repo neondatabase/aws run deploy-prod.yml --ref main -f branch=main -f dockerTag=${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}} -f disclamerAcknowledged=true
          else
            echo "GITHUB_REF_NAME (value '$GITHUB_REF_NAME') is not set to either 'main' or 'release'"
            exit 1
--- a/.github/workflows/neon_extra_builds.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/neon_extra_builds.yml
@@ -124,12 +124,12 @@ jobs:
      # Hence keeping target/ (and general cache size) smaller
      BUILD_TYPE: release
      CARGO_FEATURES: --features testing
-      CARGO_FLAGS: --release
+      CARGO_FLAGS: --locked --release
      AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_DEV }}
      AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_KEY_DEV }}

    container:
-      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/build-tools:pinned
+      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/rust:pinned
      options: --init

    steps:
@@ -210,20 +210,18 @@ jobs:

      - name: Run cargo build
        run: |
-          mold -run cargo build --locked $CARGO_FLAGS $CARGO_FEATURES --bins --tests
+          mold -run cargo build $CARGO_FLAGS $CARGO_FEATURES --bins --tests

      - name: Run cargo test
-        env:
-          NEXTEST_RETRIES: 3
        run: |
-          cargo nextest run $CARGO_FEATURES
+          cargo test $CARGO_FLAGS $CARGO_FEATURES

          # Run separate tests for real S3
          export ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE=nonempty
-          export REMOTE_STORAGE_S3_BUCKET=neon-github-ci-tests
+          export REMOTE_STORAGE_S3_BUCKET=neon-github-public-dev
          export REMOTE_STORAGE_S3_REGION=eu-central-1
          # Avoid `$CARGO_FEATURES` since there's no `testing` feature in the e2e tests now
-          cargo nextest run --package remote_storage --test test_real_s3
+          cargo test $CARGO_FLAGS --package remote_storage --test test_real_s3

          # Run separate tests for real Azure Blob Storage
          # XXX: replace region with `eu-central-1`-like region
@@ -233,7 +231,7 @@ jobs:
          export REMOTE_STORAGE_AZURE_CONTAINER="${{ vars.REMOTE_STORAGE_AZURE_CONTAINER }}"
          export REMOTE_STORAGE_AZURE_REGION="${{ vars.REMOTE_STORAGE_AZURE_REGION }}"
          # Avoid `$CARGO_FEATURES` since there's no `testing` feature in the e2e tests now
-          cargo nextest run --package remote_storage --test test_real_azure
+          cargo test $CARGO_FLAGS --package remote_storage --test test_real_azure

  check-codestyle-rust-arm:
    timeout-minutes: 90
--- a/.github/workflows/update_build_tools_image.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/update_build_tools_image.yml
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-name: 'Update build tools image tag'
-
-# This workflow it used to update tag of build tools in ECR.
-# The most common use case is adding/moving `pinned` tag to `${GITHUB_RUN_IT}` image.
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      from-tag:
-        description: 'Source tag'
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      to-tag:
-        description: 'Destination tag'
-        required: true
-        type: string
-        default: 'pinned'
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: bash -euo pipefail {0}
-
-permissions: {}
-
-jobs:
-  tag-image:
-    runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, small ]
-
-    env:
-      ECR_IMAGE: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/build-tools
-      DOCKER_HUB_IMAGE: docker.io/neondatabase/build-tools
-      FROM_TAG: ${{ inputs.from-tag }}
-      TO_TAG: ${{ inputs.to-tag }}
-
-    steps:
-      # Use custom DOCKER_CONFIG directory to avoid conflicts with default settings
-      # The default value is ~/.docker
-      - name: Set custom docker config directory
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p .docker-custom
-          echo DOCKER_CONFIG=$(pwd)/.docker-custom >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-      - uses: docker/login-action@v2
-        with:
-          username: ${{ secrets.NEON_DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.NEON_DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }}
-
-      - uses: docker/login-action@v2
-        with:
-          registry: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com
-          username: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_DEV }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_KEY_DEV }}
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: '1.21'
-
-      - name: Install crane
-        run: |
-          go install github.com/google/go-containerregistry/cmd/crane@a0658aa1d0cc7a7f1bcc4a3af9155335b6943f40 # v0.18.0
-
-      - name: Copy images
-        run: |
-          crane copy "${ECR_IMAGE}:${FROM_TAG}" "${ECR_IMAGE}:${TO_TAG}"
-          crane copy "${ECR_IMAGE}:${FROM_TAG}" "${DOCKER_HUB_IMAGE}:${TO_TAG}"
-
-      - name: Remove custom docker config directory
-        if: always()
-        run: |
-          rm -rf .docker-custom
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ __pycache__/
 test_output/
 .vscode
 .idea
-neon.iml
 /.neon
 /integration_tests/.neon

--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -70,17 +70,3 @@ We're using the following approach to make it work:
 - The label gets removed automatically, so to run CI again with new changes, the label should be added again (after the review)

 For details see [`approved-for-ci-run.yml`](.github/workflows/approved-for-ci-run.yml)
-
-## How do I add the "pinned" tag to an buildtools image?
-We use the `pinned` tag for `Dockerfile.buildtools` build images in our CI/CD setup, currently adding the `pinned` tag is a manual operation.
-
-You can call it from GitHub UI: https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/actions/workflows/update_build_tools_image.yml,
-or using GitHub CLI:
-
-```bash
-gh workflow -R neondatabase/neon run update_build_tools_image.yml \
-            -f from-tag=6254913013 \
-            -f to-tag=pinned \
-
-# Default `-f to-tag` is `pinned`, so the parameter can be omitted.
-```
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -3,11 +3,8 @@ resolver = "2"
 members = [
    "compute_tools",
    "control_plane",
-    "control_plane/attachment_service",
    "pageserver",
    "pageserver/ctl",
-    "pageserver/client",
-    "pageserver/pagebench",
    "proxy",
    "safekeeper",
    "storage_broker",
@@ -81,7 +78,6 @@ futures-util = "0.3"
 git-version = "0.3"
 hashbrown = "0.13"
 hashlink = "0.8.1"
-hdrhistogram = "7.5.2"
 hex = "0.4"
 hex-literal = "0.4"
 hmac = "0.12.1"
@@ -94,31 +90,28 @@ hyper-tungstenite = "0.11"
 inotify = "0.10.2"
 ipnet = "2.9.0"
 itertools = "0.10"
-jsonwebtoken = "9"
+jsonwebtoken = "8"
 libc = "0.2"
 md5 = "0.7.0"
 memoffset = "0.8"
 native-tls = "0.2"
-nix = { version = "0.27", features = ["fs", "process", "socket", "signal", "poll"] }
-notify = "6.0.0"
+nix = "0.26"
+notify = "5.0.0"
 num_cpus = "1.15"
 num-traits = "0.2.15"
 once_cell = "1.13"
-opentelemetry = "0.20.0"
-opentelemetry-otlp = { version = "0.13.0", default_features=false, features = ["http-proto", "trace", "http", "reqwest-client"] }
-opentelemetry-semantic-conventions = "0.12.0"
+opentelemetry = "0.19.0"
+opentelemetry-otlp = { version = "0.12.0", default_features=false, features = ["http-proto", "trace", "http", "reqwest-client"] }
+opentelemetry-semantic-conventions = "0.11.0"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
-parquet = { version = "49.0.0", default-features = false, features = ["zstd"] }
-parquet_derive = "49.0.0"
 pbkdf2 = { version = "0.12.1", features = ["simple", "std"] }
 pin-project-lite = "0.2"
 prometheus = {version = "0.13", default_features=false, features = ["process"]} # removes protobuf dependency
 prost = "0.11"
 rand = "0.8"
-redis = { version = "0.24.0", features = ["tokio-rustls-comp", "keep-alive"] }
 regex = "1.10.2"
 reqwest = { version = "0.11", default-features = false, features = ["rustls-tls"] }
-reqwest-tracing = { version = "0.4.7", features = ["opentelemetry_0_20"] }
+reqwest-tracing = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["opentelemetry_0_19"] }
 reqwest-middleware = "0.2.0"
 reqwest-retry = "0.2.2"
 routerify = "3"
@@ -151,7 +144,6 @@ test-context = "0.1"
 thiserror = "1.0"
 tls-listener = { version = "0.7", features = ["rustls", "hyper-h1"] }
 tokio = { version = "1.17", features = ["macros"] }
-tokio-epoll-uring = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/tokio-epoll-uring.git" , branch = "main" }
 tokio-io-timeout = "1.2.0"
 tokio-postgres-rustls = "0.10.0"
 tokio-rustls = "0.24"
@@ -163,10 +155,10 @@ toml_edit = "0.19"
 tonic = {version = "0.9", features = ["tls", "tls-roots"]}
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-error = "0.2.0"
-tracing-opentelemetry = "0.20.0"
+tracing-opentelemetry = "0.19.0"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", default_features = false, features = ["smallvec", "fmt", "tracing-log", "std", "env-filter", "json"] }
 url = "2.2"
-uuid = { version = "1.6.1", features = ["v4", "v7", "serde"] }
+uuid = { version = "1.2", features = ["v4", "serde"] }
 walkdir = "2.3.2"
 webpki-roots = "0.25"
 x509-parser = "0.15"
@@ -190,7 +182,6 @@ compute_api = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/compute_api/" }
 consumption_metrics = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/consumption_metrics/" }
 metrics = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/metrics/" }
 pageserver_api = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/pageserver_api/" }
-pageserver_client = { path = "./pageserver/client" }
 postgres_backend = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/postgres_backend/" }
 postgres_connection = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/postgres_connection/" }
 postgres_ffi = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/postgres_ffi/" }
@@ -220,10 +211,6 @@ tonic-build = "0.9"
 # TODO: we should probably fork `tokio-postgres-rustls` instead.
 tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", branch="neon" }

-# bug fixes for UUID
-parquet = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/arrow-rs", branch = "neon-fix-bugs" }
-parquet_derive = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/arrow-rs", branch = "neon-fix-bugs" }
-
 ################# Binary contents sections

 [profile.release]
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 ### By default, the binaries inside the image have some mock parameters and can start, but are not intended to be used
 ### inside this image in the real deployments.
 ARG REPOSITORY=neondatabase
-ARG IMAGE=build-tools
+ARG IMAGE=rust
 ARG TAG=pinned

 # Build Postgres
--- a/Dockerfile.buildtools
+++ b/Dockerfile.buildtools
@@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
-FROM debian:bullseye-slim
-
-# Add nonroot user
-RUN useradd -ms /bin/bash nonroot -b /home
-SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]
-
-# System deps
-RUN set -e \
-    && apt update \
-    && apt install -y \
-        autoconf \
-        automake \
-        bison \
-        build-essential \
-        ca-certificates \
-        cmake \
-        curl \
-        flex \
-        git \
-        gnupg \
-        gzip \
-        jq \
-        libcurl4-openssl-dev \
-        libbz2-dev \
-        libffi-dev \
-        liblzma-dev \
-        libncurses5-dev \
-        libncursesw5-dev \
-        libpq-dev \
-        libreadline-dev \
-        libseccomp-dev \
-        libsqlite3-dev \
-        libssl-dev \
-        libstdc++-10-dev \
-        libtool \
-        libxml2-dev \
-        libxmlsec1-dev \
-        libxxhash-dev \
-        lsof \
-        make \
-        netcat \
-        net-tools \
-        openssh-client \
-        parallel \
-        pkg-config \
-        unzip \
-        wget \
-        xz-utils \
-        zlib1g-dev \
-        zstd \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*
-
-# protobuf-compiler (protoc)
-ENV PROTOC_VERSION 25.1
-RUN curl -fsSL "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v${PROTOC_VERSION}/protoc-${PROTOC_VERSION}-linux-$(uname -m | sed 's/aarch64/aarch_64/g').zip" -o "protoc.zip" \
-    && unzip -q protoc.zip -d protoc \
-    && mv protoc/bin/protoc /usr/local/bin/protoc \
-    && mv protoc/include/google /usr/local/include/google \
-    && rm -rf protoc.zip protoc
-
-# LLVM
-ENV LLVM_VERSION=17
-RUN curl -fsSL 'https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key' | apt-key add - \
-    && echo "deb http://apt.llvm.org/bullseye/ llvm-toolchain-bullseye-${LLVM_VERSION} main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.stable.list \
-    && apt update \
-    && apt install -y clang-${LLVM_VERSION} llvm-${LLVM_VERSION} \
-    && bash -c 'for f in /usr/bin/clang*-${LLVM_VERSION} /usr/bin/llvm*-${LLVM_VERSION}; do ln -s "${f}" "${f%-${LLVM_VERSION}}"; done' \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*
-
-# PostgreSQL 14
-RUN curl -fsSL 'https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc' | apt-key add - \
-    && echo 'deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt bullseye-pgdg main' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list \
-    && apt update \
-    && apt install -y postgresql-client-14 \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*
-
-# AWS CLI
-RUN curl "https://awscli.amazonaws.com/awscli-exe-linux-$(uname -m).zip" -o "awscliv2.zip" \
-    && unzip -q awscliv2.zip \
-    && ./aws/install \
-    && rm awscliv2.zip
-
-# Mold: A Modern Linker
-ENV MOLD_VERSION v2.4.0
-RUN set -e \
-    && git clone https://github.com/rui314/mold.git \
-    && mkdir mold/build \
-    && cd mold/build \
-    && git checkout ${MOLD_VERSION} \
-    && cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ .. \
-    && cmake --build . -j $(nproc) \
-    && cmake --install . \
-    && cd .. \
-    && rm -rf mold
-
-# LCOV
-# Build lcov from a fork:
-# It includes several bug fixes on top on v2.0 release (https://github.com/linux-test-project/lcov/compare/v2.0...master)
-# And patches from us:
-# - Generates json file with code coverage summary (https://github.com/neondatabase/lcov/commit/426e7e7a22f669da54278e9b55e6d8caabd00af0.tar.gz)
-RUN for package in Capture::Tiny DateTime Devel::Cover Digest::MD5 File::Spec JSON::XS Memory::Process Time::HiRes JSON; do yes | perl -MCPAN -e "CPAN::Shell->notest('install', '$package')"; done \
-    && wget https://github.com/neondatabase/lcov/archive/426e7e7a22f669da54278e9b55e6d8caabd00af0.tar.gz -O lcov.tar.gz \
-    && echo "61a22a62e20908b8b9e27d890bd0ea31f567a7b9668065589266371dcbca0992  lcov.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check \
-    && mkdir -p lcov && tar -xzf lcov.tar.gz -C lcov --strip-components=1 \
-    && cd lcov \
-    && make install \
-    && rm -rf ../lcov.tar.gz
-
-# Switch to nonroot user
-USER nonroot:nonroot
-WORKDIR /home/nonroot
-
-# Python
-ENV PYTHON_VERSION=3.9.2 \
-    PYENV_ROOT=/home/nonroot/.pyenv \
-    PATH=/home/nonroot/.pyenv/shims:/home/nonroot/.pyenv/bin:/home/nonroot/.poetry/bin:$PATH
-RUN set -e \
-    && cd $HOME \
-    && curl -sSO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/master/bin/pyenv-installer \
-    && chmod +x pyenv-installer \
-    && ./pyenv-installer \
-    && export PYENV_ROOT=/home/nonroot/.pyenv \
-    && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH" \
-    && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/shims:$PATH" \
-    && pyenv install ${PYTHON_VERSION} \
-    && pyenv global ${PYTHON_VERSION} \
-    && python --version \
-    && pip install --upgrade pip \
-    && pip --version \
-    && pip install pipenv wheel poetry
-
-# Switch to nonroot user (again)
-USER nonroot:nonroot
-WORKDIR /home/nonroot
-
-# Rust
-# Please keep the version of llvm (installed above) in sync with rust llvm (`rustc --version --verbose | grep LLVM`)
-ENV RUSTC_VERSION=1.75.0
-ENV RUSTUP_HOME="/home/nonroot/.rustup"
-ENV PATH="/home/nonroot/.cargo/bin:${PATH}"
-RUN curl -sSO https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup/dist/$(uname -m)-unknown-linux-gnu/rustup-init && whoami && \
-	chmod +x rustup-init && \
-	./rustup-init -y --default-toolchain ${RUSTC_VERSION} && \
-	rm rustup-init && \
-    export PATH="$HOME/.cargo/bin:$PATH" && \
-    . "$HOME/.cargo/env" && \
-    cargo --version && rustup --version && \
-    rustup component add llvm-tools-preview rustfmt clippy && \
-    cargo install --git https://github.com/paritytech/cachepot && \
-    cargo install rustfilt && \
-    cargo install cargo-hakari && \
-    cargo install cargo-deny && \
-    cargo install cargo-hack && \
-    cargo install cargo-nextest && \
-    rm -rf /home/nonroot/.cargo/registry && \
-    rm -rf /home/nonroot/.cargo/git
-ENV RUSTC_WRAPPER=cachepot
-
-# Show versions
-RUN whoami \
-    && python --version \
-    && pip --version \
-    && cargo --version --verbose \
-    && rustup --version --verbose \
-    && rustc --version --verbose \
-    && clang --version
--- a/Dockerfile.compute-node
+++ b/Dockerfile.compute-node
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ARG PG_VERSION
 ARG REPOSITORY=neondatabase
-ARG IMAGE=build-tools
+ARG IMAGE=rust
 ARG TAG=pinned
 ARG BUILD_TAG

@@ -48,29 +48,7 @@ RUN cd postgres && \
    echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/pgrowlocks.control && \
    echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/pgstattuple.control && \
    echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/refint.control && \
-    echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/xml2.control && \
-    # We need to grant EXECUTE on pg_stat_statements_reset() to neon_superuser.
-    # In vanilla postgres this function is limited to Postgres role superuser.
-    # In neon we have neon_superuser role that is not a superuser but replaces superuser in some cases.
-    # We could add the additional grant statements to the postgres repository but it would be hard to maintain,
-    # whenever we need to pick up a new postgres version and we want to limit the changes in our postgres fork,
-    # so we do it here.
-    old_list="pg_stat_statements--1.0--1.1.sql pg_stat_statements--1.1--1.2.sql pg_stat_statements--1.2--1.3.sql pg_stat_statements--1.3--1.4.sql pg_stat_statements--1.4--1.5.sql pg_stat_statements--1.4.sql pg_stat_statements--1.5--1.6.sql"; \
-    # the first loop is for pg_stat_statement extension version <= 1.6
-    for file in /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/pg_stat_statements--*.sql; do \
-        filename=$(basename "$file"); \
-        if echo "$old_list" | grep -q -F "$filename"; then \
-            echo 'GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION pg_stat_statements_reset() TO neon_superuser;' >> $file; \
-        fi; \
-    done; \
-    # the second loop is for pg_stat_statement extension versions >= 1.7,
-    # where pg_stat_statement_reset() got 3 additional arguments
-    for file in /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/pg_stat_statements--*.sql; do \
-        filename=$(basename "$file"); \
-        if ! echo "$old_list" | grep -q -F "$filename"; then \
-            echo 'GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION pg_stat_statements_reset(Oid, Oid, bigint) TO neon_superuser;' >> $file; \
-        fi; \
-    done
+    echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/xml2.control

 #########################################################################################
 #
@@ -143,24 +121,29 @@ RUN wget https://github.com/pgRouting/pgrouting/archive/v3.4.2.tar.gz -O pgrouti
 #########################################################################################
 FROM build-deps AS plv8-build
 COPY --from=pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
-
 RUN apt update && \
    apt install -y ninja-build python3-dev libncurses5 binutils clang

-RUN wget https://github.com/plv8/plv8/archive/refs/tags/v3.1.10.tar.gz -O plv8.tar.gz && \
-    echo "7096c3290928561f0d4901b7a52794295dc47f6303102fae3f8e42dd575ad97d plv8.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check && \
+RUN case "${PG_VERSION}" in \
+      "v14" | "v15") \
+        export PLV8_VERSION=3.1.5 \
+        export PLV8_CHECKSUM=1e108d5df639e4c189e1c5bdfa2432a521c126ca89e7e5a969d46899ca7bf106 \
+        ;; \
+      "v16") \
+        export PLV8_VERSION=3.1.8 \
+        export PLV8_CHECKSUM=92b10c7db39afdae97ff748c9ec54713826af222c459084ad002571b79eb3f49 \
+        ;; \
+      *) \
+        echo "Export the valid PG_VERSION variable" && exit 1 \
+        ;; \
+    esac && \
+    wget https://github.com/plv8/plv8/archive/refs/tags/v${PLV8_VERSION}.tar.gz -O plv8.tar.gz && \
+    echo "${PLV8_CHECKSUM} plv8.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check && \
    mkdir plv8-src && cd plv8-src && tar xvzf ../plv8.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C . && \
-    # generate and copy upgrade scripts
-    mkdir -p upgrade && ./generate_upgrade.sh 3.1.10 && \
-    cp upgrade/* /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/ && \
    export PATH="/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH" && \
    make DOCKER=1 -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) install && \
    rm -rf /plv8-* && \
    find /usr/local/pgsql/ -name "plv8-*.so" | xargs strip && \
-    # don't break computes with installed old version of plv8
-    cd /usr/local/pgsql/lib/ && \
-    ln -s plv8-3.1.10.so plv8-3.1.5.so && \
-    ln -s plv8-3.1.10.so plv8-3.1.8.so && \
    echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/plv8.control && \
    echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/plcoffee.control && \
    echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/plls.control
@@ -546,7 +529,6 @@ RUN wget https://github.com/rdkit/rdkit/archive/refs/tags/Release_2023_03_3.tar.
        -D PostgreSQL_TYPE_INCLUDE_DIR=`pg_config --includedir-server` \
        -D PostgreSQL_LIBRARY_DIR=`pg_config --libdir` \
        -D RDK_INSTALL_INTREE=OFF \
-        -D RDK_INSTALL_COMIC_FONTS=OFF \
        -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
        . && \
    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
@@ -587,23 +569,6 @@ RUN wget https://github.com/ChenHuajun/pg_roaringbitmap/archive/refs/tags/v0.5.4
    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) install && \
    echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/roaringbitmap.control

-#########################################################################################
-#
-# Layer "pg-semver-pg-build"
-# compile pg_semver extension
-#
-#########################################################################################
-FROM build-deps AS pg-semver-pg-build
-COPY --from=pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
-
-ENV PATH "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/:$PATH"
-RUN wget https://github.com/theory/pg-semver/archive/refs/tags/v0.32.1.tar.gz -O pg_semver.tar.gz && \
-    echo "fbdaf7512026d62eec03fad8687c15ed509b6ba395bff140acd63d2e4fbe25d7 pg_semver.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check && \
-    mkdir pg_semver-src && cd pg_semver-src && tar xvzf ../pg_semver.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C . && \
-    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
-    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) install && \
-    echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/semver.control
-
 #########################################################################################
 #
 # Layer "pg-embedding-pg-build"
@@ -613,7 +578,6 @@ RUN wget https://github.com/theory/pg-semver/archive/refs/tags/v0.32.1.tar.gz -O
 FROM build-deps AS pg-embedding-pg-build
 COPY --from=pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/

-ARG PG_VERSION
 ENV PATH "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/:$PATH"
 RUN case "${PG_VERSION}" in \
      "v14" | "v15") \
@@ -776,8 +740,6 @@ RUN wget https://github.com/eulerto/wal2json/archive/refs/tags/wal2json_2_5.tar.
 #
 #########################################################################################
 FROM build-deps AS neon-pg-ext-build
-ARG PG_VERSION
-
 # Public extensions
 COPY --from=postgis-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=postgis-build /sfcgal/* /
@@ -806,7 +768,6 @@ COPY --from=pg-pgx-ulid-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=rdkit-pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=pg-uuidv7-pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=pg-roaringbitmap-pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
-COPY --from=pg-semver-pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=pg-embedding-pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=wal2json-pg-build /usr/local/pgsql /usr/local/pgsql
 COPY pgxn/ pgxn/
@@ -882,10 +843,8 @@ FROM debian:bullseye-slim
 RUN mkdir /var/db && useradd -m -d /var/db/postgres postgres && \
    echo "postgres:test_console_pass" | chpasswd && \
    mkdir /var/db/postgres/compute && mkdir /var/db/postgres/specs && \
-    mkdir /var/db/postgres/pgbouncer && \
    chown -R postgres:postgres /var/db/postgres && \
    chmod 0750 /var/db/postgres/compute && \
-    chmod 0750 /var/db/postgres/pgbouncer && \
    echo '/usr/local/lib' >> /etc/ld.so.conf && /sbin/ldconfig && \
    # create folder for file cache
    mkdir -p -m 777 /neon/cache
--- a/Dockerfile.compute-tools
+++ b/Dockerfile.compute-tools
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # First transient image to build compute_tools binaries
 # NB: keep in sync with rust image version in .github/workflows/build_and_test.yml
 ARG REPOSITORY=neondatabase
-ARG IMAGE=build-tools
+ARG IMAGE=rust
 ARG TAG=pinned
 ARG BUILD_TAG

--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -29,14 +29,13 @@ See developer documentation in [SUMMARY.md](/docs/SUMMARY.md) for more informati
 ```bash
 apt install build-essential libtool libreadline-dev zlib1g-dev flex bison libseccomp-dev \
 libssl-dev clang pkg-config libpq-dev cmake postgresql-client protobuf-compiler \
-libcurl4-openssl-dev openssl python3-poetry lsof libicu-dev
+libcurl4-openssl-dev openssl python-poetry lsof libicu-dev
 ```
 * On Fedora, these packages are needed:
 ```bash
 dnf install flex bison readline-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel \
  libseccomp-devel perl clang cmake postgresql postgresql-contrib protobuf-compiler \
-  protobuf-devel libcurl-devel openssl poetry lsof libicu-devel libpq-devel python3-devel \
-  libffi-devel
+  protobuf-devel libcurl-devel openssl poetry lsof libicu-devel
 ```
 * On Arch based systems, these packages are needed:
 ```bash
--- a/compute_tools/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compute_tools/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ clap.workspace = true
 flate2.workspace = true
 futures.workspace = true
 hyper = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
-nix.workspace = true
 notify.workspace = true
 num_cpus.workspace = true
 opentelemetry.workspace = true
@@ -21,7 +20,6 @@ postgres.workspace = true
 regex.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
-signal-hook.workspace = true
 tar.workspace = true
 reqwest = { workspace = true, features = ["json"] }
 tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["rt", "rt-multi-thread"] }
@@ -39,6 +37,5 @@ workspace_hack.workspace = true
 toml_edit.workspace = true
 remote_storage = { version = "0.1", path = "../libs/remote_storage/" }
 vm_monitor = { version = "0.1", path = "../libs/vm_monitor/" }
-zstd = "0.13"
+zstd = "0.12.4"
 bytes = "1.0"
-rust-ini = "0.20.0"
--- a/compute_tools/src/bin/compute_ctl.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/bin/compute_ctl.rs
@@ -31,29 +31,25 @@
 //!             -C 'postgresql://cloud_admin@localhost/postgres' \
 //!             -S /var/db/postgres/specs/current.json \
 //!             -b /usr/local/bin/postgres \
-//!             -r http://pg-ext-s3-gateway \
+//!             -r http://pg-ext-s3-gateway
 //! ```
 //!
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fs::File;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::process::exit;
-use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Condvar, Mutex, RwLock};
 use std::{thread, time::Duration};

 use anyhow::{Context, Result};
 use chrono::Utc;
 use clap::Arg;
-use nix::sys::signal::{kill, Signal};
-use signal_hook::consts::{SIGQUIT, SIGTERM};
-use signal_hook::{consts::SIGINT, iterator::Signals};
 use tracing::{error, info};
 use url::Url;

 use compute_api::responses::ComputeStatus;

-use compute_tools::compute::{ComputeNode, ComputeState, ParsedSpec, PG_PID, SYNC_SAFEKEEPERS_PID};
+use compute_tools::compute::{ComputeNode, ComputeState, ParsedSpec};
 use compute_tools::configurator::launch_configurator;
 use compute_tools::extension_server::get_pg_version;
 use compute_tools::http::api::launch_http_server;
@@ -69,13 +65,6 @@ const BUILD_TAG_DEFAULT: &str = "latest";
 fn main() -> Result<()> {
    init_tracing_and_logging(DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL)?;

-    let mut signals = Signals::new([SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT])?;
-    thread::spawn(move || {
-        for sig in signals.forever() {
-            handle_exit_signal(sig);
-        }
-    });
-
    let build_tag = option_env!("BUILD_TAG")
        .unwrap_or(BUILD_TAG_DEFAULT)
        .to_string();
@@ -224,9 +213,9 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
    let compute = Arc::new(compute_node);

    // If this is a pooled VM, prewarm before starting HTTP server and becoming
-    // available for binding. Prewarming helps Postgres start quicker later,
+    // available for binding. Prewarming helps postgres start quicker later,
    // because QEMU will already have it's memory allocated from the host, and
-    // the necessary binaries will already be cached.
+    // the necessary binaries will alreaady be cached.
    if !spec_set {
        compute.prewarm_postgres()?;
    }
@@ -269,11 +258,6 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {

    state.status = ComputeStatus::Init;
    compute.state_changed.notify_all();
-
-    info!(
-        "running compute with features: {:?}",
-        state.pspec.as_ref().unwrap().spec.features
-    );
    drop(state);

    // Launch remaining service threads
@@ -286,7 +270,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
    let pg = match compute.start_compute(extension_server_port) {
        Ok(pg) => Some(pg),
        Err(err) => {
-            error!("could not start the compute node: {:#}", err);
+            error!("could not start the compute node: {:?}", err);
            let mut state = compute.state.lock().unwrap();
            state.error = Some(format!("{:?}", err));
            state.status = ComputeStatus::Failed;
@@ -348,20 +332,13 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {

    // Wait for the child Postgres process forever. In this state Ctrl+C will
    // propagate to Postgres and it will be shut down as well.
-    if let Some((mut pg, logs_handle)) = pg {
+    if let Some(mut pg) = pg {
        // Startup is finished, exit the startup tracing span
        drop(startup_context_guard);

        let ecode = pg
            .wait()
            .expect("failed to start waiting on Postgres process");
-        PG_PID.store(0, Ordering::SeqCst);
-
-        // Process has exited, so we can join the logs thread.
-        let _ = logs_handle
-            .join()
-            .map_err(|e| tracing::error!("log thread panicked: {:?}", e));
-
        info!("Postgres exited with code {}, shutting down", ecode);
        exit_code = ecode.code()
    }
@@ -518,24 +495,6 @@ fn cli() -> clap::Command {
        )
 }

-/// When compute_ctl is killed, send also termination signal to sync-safekeepers
-/// to prevent leakage. TODO: it is better to convert compute_ctl to async and
-/// wait for termination which would be easy then.
-fn handle_exit_signal(sig: i32) {
-    info!("received {sig} termination signal");
-    let ss_pid = SYNC_SAFEKEEPERS_PID.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
-    if ss_pid != 0 {
-        let ss_pid = nix::unistd::Pid::from_raw(ss_pid as i32);
-        kill(ss_pid, Signal::SIGTERM).ok();
-    }
-    let pg_pid = PG_PID.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
-    if pg_pid != 0 {
-        let pg_pid = nix::unistd::Pid::from_raw(pg_pid as i32);
-        kill(pg_pid, Signal::SIGTERM).ok();
-    }
-    exit(1);
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn verify_cli() {
    cli().debug_assert()
--- a/compute_tools/src/compute.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/compute.rs
@@ -6,10 +6,7 @@ use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
 use std::str::FromStr;
-use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU32;
-use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use std::sync::{Condvar, Mutex, RwLock};
-use std::thread;
 use std::time::Instant;

 use anyhow::{Context, Result};
@@ -20,7 +17,7 @@ use futures::StreamExt;
 use postgres::{Client, NoTls};
 use tokio;
 use tokio_postgres;
-use tracing::{debug, error, info, instrument, warn};
+use tracing::{error, info, instrument, warn};
 use utils::id::{TenantId, TimelineId};
 use utils::lsn::Lsn;

@@ -31,15 +28,11 @@ use utils::measured_stream::MeasuredReader;
 use remote_storage::{DownloadError, RemotePath};

 use crate::checker::create_availability_check_data;
-use crate::logger::inlinify;
 use crate::pg_helpers::*;
 use crate::spec::*;
 use crate::sync_sk::{check_if_synced, ping_safekeeper};
 use crate::{config, extension_server};

-pub static SYNC_SAFEKEEPERS_PID: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0);
-pub static PG_PID: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0);
-
 /// Compute node info shared across several `compute_ctl` threads.
 pub struct ComputeNode {
    // Url type maintains proper escaping
@@ -276,7 +269,7 @@ fn create_neon_superuser(spec: &ComputeSpec, client: &mut Client) -> Result<()>
            $$;"#,
        roles_decl, database_decl,
    );
-    info!("Neon superuser created: {}", inlinify(&query));
+    info!("Neon superuser created:\n{}", &query);
    client
        .simple_query(&query)
        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!(e).context(query))?;
@@ -492,7 +485,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
    pub fn sync_safekeepers(&self, storage_auth_token: Option<String>) -> Result<Lsn> {
        let start_time = Utc::now();

-        let mut sync_handle = maybe_cgexec(&self.pgbin)
+        let sync_handle = maybe_cgexec(&self.pgbin)
            .args(["--sync-safekeepers"])
            .env("PGDATA", &self.pgdata) // we cannot use -D in this mode
            .envs(if let Some(storage_auth_token) = &storage_auth_token {
@@ -501,29 +494,15 @@ impl ComputeNode {
                vec![]
            })
            .stdout(Stdio::piped())
-            .stderr(Stdio::piped())
            .spawn()
            .expect("postgres --sync-safekeepers failed to start");
-        SYNC_SAFEKEEPERS_PID.store(sync_handle.id(), Ordering::SeqCst);

        // `postgres --sync-safekeepers` will print all log output to stderr and
-        // final LSN to stdout. So we leave stdout to collect LSN, while stderr logs
-        // will be collected in a child thread.
-        let stderr = sync_handle
-            .stderr
-            .take()
-            .expect("stderr should be captured");
-        let logs_handle = handle_postgres_logs(stderr);
-
+        // final LSN to stdout. So we pipe only stdout, while stderr will be automatically
+        // redirected to the caller output.
        let sync_output = sync_handle
            .wait_with_output()
            .expect("postgres --sync-safekeepers failed");
-        SYNC_SAFEKEEPERS_PID.store(0, Ordering::SeqCst);
-
-        // Process has exited, so we can join the logs thread.
-        let _ = logs_handle
-            .join()
-            .map_err(|e| tracing::error!("log thread panicked: {:?}", e));

        if !sync_output.status.success() {
            anyhow::bail!(
@@ -661,12 +640,11 @@ impl ComputeNode {

    /// Start Postgres as a child process and manage DBs/roles.
    /// After that this will hang waiting on the postmaster process to exit.
-    /// Returns a handle to the child process and a handle to the logs thread.
    #[instrument(skip_all)]
    pub fn start_postgres(
        &self,
        storage_auth_token: Option<String>,
-    ) -> Result<(std::process::Child, std::thread::JoinHandle<()>)> {
+    ) -> Result<std::process::Child> {
        let pgdata_path = Path::new(&self.pgdata);

        // Run postgres as a child process.
@@ -677,18 +655,12 @@ impl ComputeNode {
            } else {
                vec![]
            })
-            .stderr(Stdio::piped())
            .spawn()
            .expect("cannot start postgres process");
-        PG_PID.store(pg.id(), Ordering::SeqCst);
-
-        // Start a thread to collect logs from stderr.
-        let stderr = pg.stderr.take().expect("stderr should be captured");
-        let logs_handle = handle_postgres_logs(stderr);

        wait_for_postgres(&mut pg, pgdata_path)?;

-        Ok((pg, logs_handle))
+        Ok(pg)
    }

    /// Do initial configuration of the already started Postgres.
@@ -700,14 +672,13 @@ impl ComputeNode {
        // In this case we need to connect with old `zenith_admin` name
        // and create new user. We cannot simply rename connected user,
        // but we can create a new one and grant it all privileges.
-        let connstr = self.connstr.clone();
-        let mut client = match Client::connect(connstr.as_str(), NoTls) {
+        let mut client = match Client::connect(self.connstr.as_str(), NoTls) {
            Err(e) => {
                info!(
                    "cannot connect to postgres: {}, retrying with `zenith_admin` username",
                    e
                );
-                let mut zenith_admin_connstr = connstr.clone();
+                let mut zenith_admin_connstr = self.connstr.clone();

                zenith_admin_connstr
                    .set_username("zenith_admin")
@@ -720,8 +691,8 @@ impl ComputeNode {
                client.simple_query("GRANT zenith_admin TO cloud_admin")?;
                drop(client);

-                // reconnect with connstring with expected name
-                Client::connect(connstr.as_str(), NoTls)?
+                // reconnect with connsting with expected name
+                Client::connect(self.connstr.as_str(), NoTls)?
            }
            Ok(client) => client,
        };
@@ -735,8 +706,8 @@ impl ComputeNode {
        cleanup_instance(&mut client)?;
        handle_roles(spec, &mut client)?;
        handle_databases(spec, &mut client)?;
-        handle_role_deletions(spec, connstr.as_str(), &mut client)?;
-        handle_grants(spec, &mut client, connstr.as_str())?;
+        handle_role_deletions(spec, self.connstr.as_str(), &mut client)?;
+        handle_grants(spec, &mut client, self.connstr.as_str())?;
        handle_extensions(spec, &mut client)?;
        handle_extension_neon(&mut client)?;
        create_availability_check_data(&mut client)?;
@@ -744,12 +715,6 @@ impl ComputeNode {
        // 'Close' connection
        drop(client);

-        if self.has_feature(ComputeFeature::Migrations) {
-            thread::spawn(move || {
-                let mut client = Client::connect(connstr.as_str(), NoTls)?;
-                handle_migrations(&mut client)
-            });
-        }
        Ok(())
    }

@@ -772,25 +737,6 @@ impl ComputeNode {
    pub fn reconfigure(&self) -> Result<()> {
        let spec = self.state.lock().unwrap().pspec.clone().unwrap().spec;

-        if let Some(ref pgbouncer_settings) = spec.pgbouncer_settings {
-            info!("tuning pgbouncer");
-
-            let rt = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
-                .enable_all()
-                .build()
-                .expect("failed to create rt");
-
-            // Spawn a thread to do the tuning,
-            // so that we don't block the main thread that starts Postgres.
-            let pgbouncer_settings = pgbouncer_settings.clone();
-            let _handle = thread::spawn(move || {
-                let res = rt.block_on(tune_pgbouncer(pgbouncer_settings));
-                if let Err(err) = res {
-                    error!("error while tuning pgbouncer: {err:?}");
-                }
-            });
-        }
-
        // Write new config
        let pgdata_path = Path::new(&self.pgdata);
        let postgresql_conf_path = pgdata_path.join("postgresql.conf");
@@ -814,10 +760,6 @@ impl ComputeNode {
            handle_grants(&spec, &mut client, self.connstr.as_str())?;
            handle_extensions(&spec, &mut client)?;
            handle_extension_neon(&mut client)?;
-            // We can skip handle_migrations here because a new migration can only appear
-            // if we have a new version of the compute_ctl binary, which can only happen
-            // if compute got restarted, in which case we'll end up inside of apply_config
-            // instead of reconfigure.
        }

        // 'Close' connection
@@ -838,10 +780,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
    }

    #[instrument(skip_all)]
-    pub fn start_compute(
-        &self,
-        extension_server_port: u16,
-    ) -> Result<(std::process::Child, std::thread::JoinHandle<()>)> {
+    pub fn start_compute(&self, extension_server_port: u16) -> Result<std::process::Child> {
        let compute_state = self.state.lock().unwrap().clone();
        let pspec = compute_state.pspec.as_ref().expect("spec must be set");
        info!(
@@ -852,26 +791,6 @@ impl ComputeNode {
            pspec.timeline_id,
        );

-        // tune pgbouncer
-        if let Some(pgbouncer_settings) = &pspec.spec.pgbouncer_settings {
-            info!("tuning pgbouncer");
-
-            let rt = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
-                .enable_all()
-                .build()
-                .expect("failed to create rt");
-
-            // Spawn a thread to do the tuning,
-            // so that we don't block the main thread that starts Postgres.
-            let pgbouncer_settings = pgbouncer_settings.clone();
-            let _handle = thread::spawn(move || {
-                let res = rt.block_on(tune_pgbouncer(pgbouncer_settings));
-                if let Err(err) = res {
-                    error!("error while tuning pgbouncer: {err:?}");
-                }
-            });
-        }
-
        info!(
            "start_compute spec.remote_extensions {:?}",
            pspec.spec.remote_extensions
@@ -906,7 +825,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
        self.prepare_pgdata(&compute_state, extension_server_port)?;

        let start_time = Utc::now();
-        let pg_process = self.start_postgres(pspec.storage_auth_token.clone())?;
+        let pg = self.start_postgres(pspec.storage_auth_token.clone())?;

        let config_time = Utc::now();
        if pspec.spec.mode == ComputeMode::Primary && !pspec.spec.skip_pg_catalog_updates {
@@ -956,17 +875,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
        };
        info!(?metrics, "compute start finished");

-        Ok(pg_process)
-    }
-
-    /// Update the `last_active` in the shared state, but ensure that it's a more recent one.
-    pub fn update_last_active(&self, last_active: Option<DateTime<Utc>>) {
-        let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
-        // NB: `Some(<DateTime>)` is always greater than `None`.
-        if last_active > state.last_active {
-            state.last_active = last_active;
-            debug!("set the last compute activity time to: {:?}", last_active);
-        }
+        Ok(pg)
    }

    // Look for core dumps and collect backtraces.
--- a/compute_tools/src/logger.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/logger.rs
@@ -38,9 +38,3 @@ pub fn init_tracing_and_logging(default_log_level: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {

    Ok(())
 }
-
-/// Replace all newline characters with a special character to make it
-/// easier to grep for log messages.
-pub fn inlinify(s: &str) -> String {
-    s.replace('\n', "\u{200B}")
-}
--- a/compute_tools/src/monitor.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/monitor.rs
@@ -3,165 +3,97 @@ use std::{thread, time::Duration};

 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use postgres::{Client, NoTls};
-use tracing::{debug, error, info, warn};
+use tracing::{debug, info};

 use crate::compute::ComputeNode;
-use compute_api::responses::ComputeStatus;
-use compute_api::spec::ComputeFeature;

 const MONITOR_CHECK_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_millis(500);

 // Spin in a loop and figure out the last activity time in the Postgres.
 // Then update it in the shared state. This function never errors out.
-// NB: the only expected panic is at `Mutex` unwrap(), all other errors
-// should be handled gracefully.
+// XXX: the only expected panic is at `RwLock` unwrap().
 fn watch_compute_activity(compute: &ComputeNode) {
    // Suppose that `connstr` doesn't change
    let connstr = compute.connstr.as_str();
-
-    // During startup and configuration we connect to every Postgres database,
-    // but we don't want to count this as some user activity. So wait until
-    // the compute fully started before monitoring activity.
-    wait_for_postgres_start(compute);
-
    // Define `client` outside of the loop to reuse existing connection if it's active.
    let mut client = Client::connect(connstr, NoTls);

-    let mut sleep = false;
-    let mut prev_active_time: Option<f64> = None;
-    let mut prev_sessions: Option<i64> = None;
-
-    if compute.has_feature(ComputeFeature::ActivityMonitorExperimental) {
-        info!("starting experimental activity monitor for {}", connstr);
-    } else {
-        info!("starting activity monitor for {}", connstr);
-    }
+    info!("watching Postgres activity at {}", connstr);

    loop {
-        // We use `continue` a lot, so it's more convenient to sleep at the top of the loop.
-        // But skip the first sleep, so we can connect to Postgres immediately.
-        if sleep {
-            // Should be outside of the mutex lock to allow others to read while we sleep.
-            thread::sleep(MONITOR_CHECK_INTERVAL);
-        } else {
-            sleep = true;
-        }
+        // Should be outside of the write lock to allow others to read while we sleep.
+        thread::sleep(MONITOR_CHECK_INTERVAL);

        match &mut client {
            Ok(cli) => {
                if cli.is_closed() {
-                    info!("connection to Postgres is closed, trying to reconnect");
+                    info!("connection to postgres closed, trying to reconnect");

                    // Connection is closed, reconnect and try again.
                    client = Client::connect(connstr, NoTls);
                    continue;
                }

-                // This is a new logic, only enable if the feature flag is set.
-                // TODO: remove this once we are sure that it works OR drop it altogether.
-                if compute.has_feature(ComputeFeature::ActivityMonitorExperimental) {
-                    // First, check if the total active time or sessions across all databases has changed.
-                    // If it did, it means that user executed some queries. In theory, it can even go down if
-                    // some databases were dropped, but it's still a user activity.
-                    match get_database_stats(cli) {
-                        Ok((active_time, sessions)) => {
-                            let mut detected_activity = false;
+                // Get all running client backends except ourself, use RFC3339 DateTime format.
+                let backends = cli
+                    .query(
+                        "SELECT state, to_char(state_change, 'YYYY-MM-DD\"T\"HH24:MI:SS.US\"Z\"') AS state_change
+                         FROM pg_stat_activity
+                         WHERE backend_type = 'client backend'
+                            AND pid != pg_backend_pid()
+                            AND usename != 'cloud_admin';", // XXX: find a better way to filter other monitors?
+                        &[],
+                    );
+                let mut last_active = compute.state.lock().unwrap().last_active;

-                            prev_active_time = match prev_active_time {
-                                Some(prev_active_time) => {
-                                    if active_time != prev_active_time {
-                                        detected_activity = true;
-                                    }
-                                    Some(active_time)
-                                }
-                                None => Some(active_time),
+                if let Ok(backs) = backends {
+                    let mut idle_backs: Vec<DateTime<Utc>> = vec![];
+
+                    for b in backs.into_iter() {
+                        let state: String = match b.try_get("state") {
+                            Ok(state) => state,
+                            Err(_) => continue,
+                        };
+
+                        if state == "idle" {
+                            let change: String = match b.try_get("state_change") {
+                                Ok(state_change) => state_change,
+                                Err(_) => continue,
                            };
-                            prev_sessions = match prev_sessions {
-                                Some(prev_sessions) => {
-                                    if sessions != prev_sessions {
-                                        detected_activity = true;
-                                    }
-                                    Some(sessions)
+                            let change = DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&change);
+                            match change {
+                                Ok(t) => idle_backs.push(t.with_timezone(&Utc)),
+                                Err(e) => {
+                                    info!("cannot parse backend state_change DateTime: {}", e);
+                                    continue;
                                }
-                                None => Some(sessions),
-                            };
-
-                            if detected_activity {
-                                // Update the last active time and continue, we don't need to
-                                // check backends state change.
-                                compute.update_last_active(Some(Utc::now()));
-                                continue;
                            }
+                        } else {
+                            // Found non-idle backend, so the last activity is NOW.
+                            // Save it and exit the for loop. Also clear the idle backend
+                            // `state_change` timestamps array as it doesn't matter now.
+                            last_active = Some(Utc::now());
+                            idle_backs.clear();
+                            break;
                        }
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            error!("could not get database statistics: {}", e);
-                            continue;
-                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Get idle backend `state_change` with the max timestamp.
+                    if let Some(last) = idle_backs.iter().max() {
+                        last_active = Some(*last);
                    }
                }

-                // Second, if database statistics is the same, check all backends state change,
-                // maybe there is some with more recent activity. `get_backends_state_change()`
-                // can return None or stale timestamp, so it's `compute.update_last_active()`
-                // responsibility to check if the new timestamp is more recent than the current one.
-                // This helps us to discover new sessions, that did nothing yet.
-                match get_backends_state_change(cli) {
-                    Ok(last_active) => {
-                        compute.update_last_active(last_active);
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        error!("could not get backends state change: {}", e);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // Finally, if there are existing (logical) walsenders, do not suspend.
-                //
-                // walproposer doesn't currently show up in pg_stat_replication,
-                // but protect if it will be
-                let ws_count_query = "select count(*) from pg_stat_replication where application_name != 'walproposer';";
-                match cli.query_one(ws_count_query, &[]) {
-                    Ok(r) => match r.try_get::<&str, i64>("count") {
-                        Ok(num_ws) => {
-                            if num_ws > 0 {
-                                compute.update_last_active(Some(Utc::now()));
-                                continue;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            warn!("failed to parse walsenders count: {:?}", e);
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    },
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        warn!("failed to get list of walsenders: {:?}", e);
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                }
-                //
-                // Do not suspend compute if autovacuum is running
-                //
-                let autovacuum_count_query = "select count(*) from pg_stat_activity where backend_type = 'autovacuum worker'";
-                match cli.query_one(autovacuum_count_query, &[]) {
-                    Ok(r) => match r.try_get::<&str, i64>("count") {
-                        Ok(num_workers) => {
-                            if num_workers > 0 {
-                                compute.update_last_active(Some(Utc::now()));
-                                continue;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            warn!("failed to parse autovacuum workers count: {:?}", e);
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    },
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        warn!("failed to get list of autovacuum workers: {:?}", e);
-                        continue;
-                    }
+                // Update the last activity in the shared state if we got a more recent one.
+                let mut state = compute.state.lock().unwrap();
+                // NB: `Some(<DateTime>)` is always greater than `None`.
+                if last_active > state.last_active {
+                    state.last_active = last_active;
+                    debug!("set the last compute activity time to: {:?}", last_active);
                }
            }
            Err(e) => {
-                debug!("could not connect to Postgres: {}, retrying", e);
+                debug!("cannot connect to postgres: {}, retrying", e);

                // Establish a new connection and try again.
                client = Client::connect(connstr, NoTls);
@@ -170,124 +102,12 @@ fn watch_compute_activity(compute: &ComputeNode) {
    }
 }

-// Hang on condition variable waiting until the compute status is `Running`.
-fn wait_for_postgres_start(compute: &ComputeNode) {
-    let mut state = compute.state.lock().unwrap();
-    while state.status != ComputeStatus::Running {
-        info!("compute is not running, waiting before monitoring activity");
-        state = compute.state_changed.wait(state).unwrap();
-
-        if state.status == ComputeStatus::Running {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// Figure out the total active time and sessions across all non-system databases.
-// Returned tuple is `(active_time, sessions)`.
-// It can return `0.0` active time or `0` sessions, which means no user databases exist OR
-// it was a start with skipped `pg_catalog` updates and user didn't do any queries
-// (or open any sessions) yet.
-fn get_database_stats(cli: &mut Client) -> anyhow::Result<(f64, i64)> {
-    // Filter out `postgres` database as `compute_ctl` and other monitoring tools
-    // like `postgres_exporter` use it to query Postgres statistics.
-    // Use explicit 8 bytes type casts to match Rust types.
-    let stats = cli.query_one(
-        "SELECT coalesce(sum(active_time), 0.0)::float8 AS total_active_time,
-            coalesce(sum(sessions), 0)::bigint AS total_sessions
-        FROM pg_stat_database
-        WHERE datname NOT IN (
-                'postgres',
-                'template0',
-                'template1'
-            );",
-        &[],
-    );
-    let stats = match stats {
-        Ok(stats) => stats,
-        Err(e) => {
-            return Err(anyhow::anyhow!("could not query active_time: {}", e));
-        }
-    };
-
-    let active_time: f64 = match stats.try_get("total_active_time") {
-        Ok(active_time) => active_time,
-        Err(e) => return Err(anyhow::anyhow!("could not get total_active_time: {}", e)),
-    };
-
-    let sessions: i64 = match stats.try_get("total_sessions") {
-        Ok(sessions) => sessions,
-        Err(e) => return Err(anyhow::anyhow!("could not get total_sessions: {}", e)),
-    };
-
-    Ok((active_time, sessions))
-}
-
-// Figure out the most recent state change time across all client backends.
-// If there is currently active backend, timestamp will be `Utc::now()`.
-// It can return `None`, which means no client backends exist or we were
-// unable to parse the timestamp.
-fn get_backends_state_change(cli: &mut Client) -> anyhow::Result<Option<DateTime<Utc>>> {
-    let mut last_active: Option<DateTime<Utc>> = None;
-    // Get all running client backends except ourself, use RFC3339 DateTime format.
-    let backends = cli.query(
-        "SELECT state, to_char(state_change, 'YYYY-MM-DD\"T\"HH24:MI:SS.US\"Z\"') AS state_change
-                FROM pg_stat_activity
-                    WHERE backend_type = 'client backend'
-                    AND pid != pg_backend_pid()
-                    AND usename != 'cloud_admin';", // XXX: find a better way to filter other monitors?
-        &[],
-    );
-
-    match backends {
-        Ok(backs) => {
-            let mut idle_backs: Vec<DateTime<Utc>> = vec![];
-
-            for b in backs.into_iter() {
-                let state: String = match b.try_get("state") {
-                    Ok(state) => state,
-                    Err(_) => continue,
-                };
-
-                if state == "idle" {
-                    let change: String = match b.try_get("state_change") {
-                        Ok(state_change) => state_change,
-                        Err(_) => continue,
-                    };
-                    let change = DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&change);
-                    match change {
-                        Ok(t) => idle_backs.push(t.with_timezone(&Utc)),
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            info!("cannot parse backend state_change DateTime: {}", e);
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    // Found non-idle backend, so the last activity is NOW.
-                    // Return immediately, no need to check other backends.
-                    return Ok(Some(Utc::now()));
-                }
-            }
-
-            // Get idle backend `state_change` with the max timestamp.
-            if let Some(last) = idle_backs.iter().max() {
-                last_active = Some(*last);
-            }
-        }
-        Err(e) => {
-            return Err(anyhow::anyhow!("could not query backends: {}", e));
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(last_active)
-}
-
 /// Launch a separate compute monitor thread and return its `JoinHandle`.
-pub fn launch_monitor(compute: &Arc<ComputeNode>) -> thread::JoinHandle<()> {
-    let compute = Arc::clone(compute);
+pub fn launch_monitor(state: &Arc<ComputeNode>) -> thread::JoinHandle<()> {
+    let state = Arc::clone(state);

    thread::Builder::new()
        .name("compute-monitor".into())
-        .spawn(move || watch_compute_activity(&compute))
+        .spawn(move || watch_compute_activity(&state))
        .expect("cannot launch compute monitor thread")
 }
--- a/compute_tools/src/pg_helpers.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/pg_helpers.rs
@@ -6,17 +6,12 @@ use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader};
 use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::process::Child;
-use std::thread::JoinHandle;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};

 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
-use ini::Ini;
 use notify::{RecursiveMode, Watcher};
 use postgres::{Client, Transaction};
-use tokio::io::AsyncBufReadExt;
-use tokio::time::timeout;
-use tokio_postgres::NoTls;
-use tracing::{debug, error, info, instrument};
+use tracing::{debug, instrument};

 use compute_api::spec::{Database, GenericOption, GenericOptions, PgIdent, Role};

@@ -364,172 +359,3 @@ pub fn create_pgdata(pgdata: &str) -> Result<()> {

    Ok(())
 }
-
-/// Update pgbouncer.ini with provided options
-fn update_pgbouncer_ini(
-    pgbouncer_config: HashMap<String, String>,
-    pgbouncer_ini_path: &str,
-) -> Result<()> {
-    let mut conf = Ini::load_from_file(pgbouncer_ini_path)?;
-    let section = conf.section_mut(Some("pgbouncer")).unwrap();
-
-    for (option_name, value) in pgbouncer_config.iter() {
-        section.insert(option_name, value);
-        debug!(
-            "Updating pgbouncer.ini with new values {}={}",
-            option_name, value
-        );
-    }
-
-    conf.write_to_file(pgbouncer_ini_path)?;
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Tune pgbouncer.
-/// 1. Apply new config using pgbouncer admin console
-/// 2. Add new values to pgbouncer.ini to preserve them after restart
-pub async fn tune_pgbouncer(pgbouncer_config: HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<()> {
-    let pgbouncer_connstr = if std::env::var_os("AUTOSCALING").is_some() {
-        // for VMs use pgbouncer specific way to connect to
-        // pgbouncer admin console without password
-        // when pgbouncer is running under the same user.
-        "host=/tmp port=6432 dbname=pgbouncer user=pgbouncer".to_string()
-    } else {
-        // for k8s use normal connection string with password
-        // to connect to pgbouncer admin console
-        let mut pgbouncer_connstr =
-            "host=localhost port=6432 dbname=pgbouncer user=postgres sslmode=disable".to_string();
-        if let Ok(pass) = std::env::var("PGBOUNCER_PASSWORD") {
-            pgbouncer_connstr.push_str(format!(" password={}", pass).as_str());
-        }
-        pgbouncer_connstr
-    };
-
-    info!(
-        "Connecting to pgbouncer with connection string: {}",
-        pgbouncer_connstr
-    );
-
-    // connect to pgbouncer, retrying several times
-    // because pgbouncer may not be ready yet
-    let mut retries = 3;
-    let client = loop {
-        match tokio_postgres::connect(&pgbouncer_connstr, NoTls).await {
-            Ok((client, connection)) => {
-                tokio::spawn(async move {
-                    if let Err(e) = connection.await {
-                        eprintln!("connection error: {}", e);
-                    }
-                });
-                break client;
-            }
-            Err(e) => {
-                if retries == 0 {
-                    return Err(e.into());
-                }
-                error!("Failed to connect to pgbouncer: pgbouncer_connstr {}", e);
-                retries -= 1;
-                tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Apply new config
-    for (option_name, value) in pgbouncer_config.iter() {
-        let query = format!("SET {}={}", option_name, value);
-        // keep this log line for debugging purposes
-        info!("Applying pgbouncer setting change: {}", query);
-
-        if let Err(err) = client.simple_query(&query).await {
-            // Don't fail on error, just print it into log
-            error!(
-                "Failed to apply pgbouncer setting change: {},  {}",
-                query, err
-            );
-        };
-    }
-
-    // save values to pgbouncer.ini
-    // so that they are preserved after pgbouncer restart
-    let pgbouncer_ini_path = if std::env::var_os("AUTOSCALING").is_some() {
-        // in VMs we use /etc/pgbouncer.ini
-        "/etc/pgbouncer.ini".to_string()
-    } else {
-        // in pods we use /var/db/postgres/pgbouncer/pgbouncer.ini
-        // this is a shared volume between pgbouncer and postgres containers
-        // FIXME: fix permissions for this file
-        "/var/db/postgres/pgbouncer/pgbouncer.ini".to_string()
-    };
-    update_pgbouncer_ini(pgbouncer_config, &pgbouncer_ini_path)?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Spawn a thread that will read Postgres logs from `stderr`, join multiline logs
-/// and send them to the logger. In the future we may also want to add context to
-/// these logs.
-pub fn handle_postgres_logs(stderr: std::process::ChildStderr) -> JoinHandle<()> {
-    std::thread::spawn(move || {
-        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
-            .enable_all()
-            .build()
-            .expect("failed to build tokio runtime");
-
-        let res = runtime.block_on(async move {
-            let stderr = tokio::process::ChildStderr::from_std(stderr)?;
-            handle_postgres_logs_async(stderr).await
-        });
-        if let Err(e) = res {
-            tracing::error!("error while processing postgres logs: {}", e);
-        }
-    })
-}
-
-/// Read Postgres logs from `stderr` until EOF. Buffer is flushed on one of the following conditions:
-/// - next line starts with timestamp
-/// - EOF
-/// - no new lines were written for the last second
-async fn handle_postgres_logs_async(stderr: tokio::process::ChildStderr) -> Result<()> {
-    let mut lines = tokio::io::BufReader::new(stderr).lines();
-    let timeout_duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
-    let ts_regex =
-        regex::Regex::new(r"^\d+-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}").expect("regex is valid");
-
-    let mut buf = vec![];
-    loop {
-        let next_line = timeout(timeout_duration, lines.next_line()).await;
-
-        // we should flush lines from the buffer if we cannot continue reading multiline message
-        let should_flush_buf = match next_line {
-            // Flushing if new line starts with timestamp
-            Ok(Ok(Some(ref line))) => ts_regex.is_match(line),
-            // Flushing on EOF, timeout or error
-            _ => true,
-        };
-
-        if !buf.is_empty() && should_flush_buf {
-            // join multiline message into a single line, separated by unicode Zero Width Space.
-            // "PG:" suffix is used to distinguish postgres logs from other logs.
-            let combined = format!("PG:{}\n", buf.join("\u{200B}"));
-            buf.clear();
-
-            // sync write to stderr to avoid interleaving with other logs
-            use std::io::Write;
-            let res = std::io::stderr().lock().write_all(combined.as_bytes());
-            if let Err(e) = res {
-                tracing::error!("error while writing to stderr: {}", e);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // if not timeout, append line to the buffer
-        if next_line.is_ok() {
-            match next_line?? {
-                Some(line) => buf.push(line),
-                // EOF
-                None => break,
-            };
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
--- a/compute_tools/src/spec.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/spec.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ use reqwest::StatusCode;
 use tracing::{error, info, info_span, instrument, span_enabled, warn, Level};

 use crate::config;
-use crate::logger::inlinify;
 use crate::params::PG_HBA_ALL_MD5;
 use crate::pg_helpers::*;

@@ -190,20 +189,18 @@ pub fn handle_roles(spec: &ComputeSpec, client: &mut Client) -> Result<()> {

    // Print a list of existing Postgres roles (only in debug mode)
    if span_enabled!(Level::INFO) {
-        let mut vec = Vec::new();
+        info!("postgres roles:");
        for r in &existing_roles {
-            vec.push(format!(
-                "{}:{}",
+            info!(
+                "    - {}:{}",
                r.name,
                if r.encrypted_password.is_some() {
                    "[FILTERED]"
                } else {
                    "(null)"
                }
-            ));
+            );
        }
-
-        info!("postgres roles (total {}): {:?}", vec.len(), vec);
    }

    // Process delta operations first
@@ -241,10 +238,7 @@ pub fn handle_roles(spec: &ComputeSpec, client: &mut Client) -> Result<()> {
    // Refresh Postgres roles info to handle possible roles renaming
    let existing_roles: Vec<Role> = get_existing_roles(&mut xact)?;

-    info!(
-        "handling cluster spec roles (total {})",
-        spec.cluster.roles.len()
-    );
+    info!("cluster spec roles:");
    for role in &spec.cluster.roles {
        let name = &role.name;
        // XXX: with a limited number of roles it is fine, but consider making it a HashMap
@@ -304,10 +298,10 @@ pub fn handle_roles(spec: &ComputeSpec, client: &mut Client) -> Result<()> {
                // safe to add more permissions here. BYPASSRLS and REPLICATION are inherited
                // from neon_superuser.
                let mut query: String = format!(
-                    "CREATE ROLE {} INHERIT CREATEROLE CREATEDB BYPASSRLS REPLICATION IN ROLE neon_superuser",
+                    "CREATE ROLE {} INHERIT CREATEROLE CREATEDB IN ROLE neon_superuser",
                    name.pg_quote()
                );
-                info!("running role create query: '{}'", &query);
+                info!("role create query: '{}'", &query);
                query.push_str(&role.to_pg_options());
                xact.execute(query.as_str(), &[])?;
            }
@@ -324,7 +318,7 @@ pub fn handle_roles(spec: &ComputeSpec, client: &mut Client) -> Result<()> {
                RoleAction::Create => " -> create",
                RoleAction::Update => " -> update",
            };
-            info!(" - {}:{}{}", name, pwd, action_str);
+            info!("   - {}:{}{}", name, pwd, action_str);
        }
    }

@@ -376,49 +370,33 @@ pub fn handle_role_deletions(spec: &ComputeSpec, connstr: &str, client: &mut Cli
    Ok(())
 }

-fn reassign_owned_objects_in_one_db(
-    conf: Config,
-    role_name: &PgIdent,
-    db_owner: &PgIdent,
-) -> Result<()> {
-    let mut client = conf.connect(NoTls)?;
-
-    // This will reassign all dependent objects to the db owner
-    let reassign_query = format!(
-        "REASSIGN OWNED BY {} TO {}",
-        role_name.pg_quote(),
-        db_owner.pg_quote()
-    );
-    info!(
-        "reassigning objects owned by '{}' in db '{}' to '{}'",
-        role_name,
-        conf.get_dbname().unwrap_or(""),
-        db_owner
-    );
-    client.simple_query(&reassign_query)?;
-
-    // This now will only drop privileges of the role
-    let drop_query = format!("DROP OWNED BY {}", role_name.pg_quote());
-    client.simple_query(&drop_query)?;
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 // Reassign all owned objects in all databases to the owner of the database.
 fn reassign_owned_objects(spec: &ComputeSpec, connstr: &str, role_name: &PgIdent) -> Result<()> {
    for db in &spec.cluster.databases {
        if db.owner != *role_name {
            let mut conf = Config::from_str(connstr)?;
            conf.dbname(&db.name);
-            reassign_owned_objects_in_one_db(conf, role_name, &db.owner)?;
+
+            let mut client = conf.connect(NoTls)?;
+
+            // This will reassign all dependent objects to the db owner
+            let reassign_query = format!(
+                "REASSIGN OWNED BY {} TO {}",
+                role_name.pg_quote(),
+                db.owner.pg_quote()
+            );
+            info!(
+                "reassigning objects owned by '{}' in db '{}' to '{}'",
+                role_name, &db.name, &db.owner
+            );
+            client.simple_query(&reassign_query)?;
+
+            // This now will only drop privileges of the role
+            let drop_query = format!("DROP OWNED BY {}", role_name.pg_quote());
+            client.simple_query(&drop_query)?;
        }
    }

-    // Also handle case when there are no databases in the spec.
-    // In this case we need to reassign objects in the default database.
-    let conf = Config::from_str(connstr)?;
-    let db_owner = PgIdent::from_str("cloud_admin")?;
-    reassign_owned_objects_in_one_db(conf, role_name, &db_owner)?;
-
    Ok(())
 }

@@ -433,11 +411,10 @@ pub fn handle_databases(spec: &ComputeSpec, client: &mut Client) -> Result<()> {

    // Print a list of existing Postgres databases (only in debug mode)
    if span_enabled!(Level::INFO) {
-        let mut vec = Vec::new();
+        info!("postgres databases:");
        for (dbname, db) in &existing_dbs {
-            vec.push(format!("{}:{}", dbname, db.owner));
+            info!("    {}:{}", dbname, db.owner);
        }
-        info!("postgres databases (total {}): {:?}", vec.len(), vec);
    }

    // Process delta operations first
@@ -509,10 +486,7 @@ pub fn handle_databases(spec: &ComputeSpec, client: &mut Client) -> Result<()> {
    // Refresh Postgres databases info to handle possible renames
    let existing_dbs = get_existing_dbs(client)?;

-    info!(
-        "handling cluster spec databases (total {})",
-        spec.cluster.databases.len()
-    );
+    info!("cluster spec databases:");
    for db in &spec.cluster.databases {
        let name = &db.name;
        let pg_db = existing_dbs.get(name);
@@ -571,7 +545,7 @@ pub fn handle_databases(spec: &ComputeSpec, client: &mut Client) -> Result<()> {
                DatabaseAction::Create => " -> create",
                DatabaseAction::Update => " -> update",
            };
-            info!(" - {}:{}{}", db.name, db.owner, action_str);
+            info!("   - {}:{}{}", db.name, db.owner, action_str);
        }
    }

@@ -672,11 +646,7 @@ pub fn handle_grants(spec: &ComputeSpec, client: &mut Client, connstr: &str) ->
            $$;"
        .to_string();

-        info!(
-            "grant query for db {} : {}",
-            &db.name,
-            inlinify(&grant_query)
-        );
+        info!("grant query for db {} : {}", &db.name, &grant_query);
        db_client.simple_query(&grant_query)?;
    }

@@ -727,79 +697,3 @@ pub fn handle_extension_neon(client: &mut Client) -> Result<()> {

    Ok(())
 }
-
-#[instrument(skip_all)]
-pub fn handle_migrations(client: &mut Client) -> Result<()> {
-    info!("handle migrations");
-
-    // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-    // !BE SURE TO ONLY ADD MIGRATIONS TO THE END OF THIS ARRAY. IF YOU DO NOT, VERY VERY BAD THINGS MAY HAPPEN!
-    // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-    let migrations = [
-        "ALTER ROLE neon_superuser BYPASSRLS",
-        r#"
-DO $$
-DECLARE
-    role_name text;
-BEGIN
-    FOR role_name IN SELECT rolname FROM pg_roles WHERE pg_has_role(rolname, 'neon_superuser', 'member')
-    LOOP
-        RAISE NOTICE 'EXECUTING ALTER ROLE % INHERIT', quote_ident(role_name);
-        EXECUTE 'ALTER ROLE ' || quote_ident(role_name) || ' INHERIT';
-    END LOOP;
-
-    FOR role_name IN SELECT rolname FROM pg_roles
-        WHERE
-            NOT pg_has_role(rolname, 'neon_superuser', 'member') AND NOT starts_with(rolname, 'pg_')
-    LOOP
-        RAISE NOTICE 'EXECUTING ALTER ROLE % NOBYPASSRLS', quote_ident(role_name);
-        EXECUTE 'ALTER ROLE ' || quote_ident(role_name) || ' NOBYPASSRLS';
-    END LOOP;
-END $$;
-"#,
-    ];
-
-    let mut query = "CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS neon_migration";
-    client.simple_query(query)?;
-
-    query = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS neon_migration.migration_id (key INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT 0)";
-    client.simple_query(query)?;
-
-    query = "INSERT INTO neon_migration.migration_id VALUES (0, 0) ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING";
-    client.simple_query(query)?;
-
-    query = "ALTER SCHEMA neon_migration OWNER TO cloud_admin";
-    client.simple_query(query)?;
-
-    query = "REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA neon_migration FROM PUBLIC";
-    client.simple_query(query)?;
-
-    query = "SELECT id FROM neon_migration.migration_id";
-    let row = client.query_one(query, &[])?;
-    let mut current_migration: usize = row.get::<&str, i64>("id") as usize;
-    let starting_migration_id = current_migration;
-
-    query = "BEGIN";
-    client.simple_query(query)?;
-
-    while current_migration < migrations.len() {
-        info!("Running migration:\n{}\n", migrations[current_migration]);
-        client.simple_query(migrations[current_migration])?;
-        current_migration += 1;
-    }
-    let setval = format!(
-        "UPDATE neon_migration.migration_id SET id={}",
-        migrations.len()
-    );
-    client.simple_query(&setval)?;
-
-    query = "COMMIT";
-    client.simple_query(query)?;
-
-    info!(
-        "Ran {} migrations",
-        (migrations.len() - starting_migration_id)
-    );
-    Ok(())
-}
--- a/control_plane/Cargo.toml
+++ b/control_plane/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,13 +6,9 @@ license.workspace = true

 [dependencies]
 anyhow.workspace = true
-async-trait.workspace = true
 camino.workspace = true
 clap.workspace = true
 comfy-table.workspace = true
-diesel = { version = "2.1.4", features = ["postgres"]}
-diesel_migrations = { version = "2.1.0", features = ["postgres"]}
-futures.workspace = true
 git-version.workspace = true
 nix.workspace = true
 once_cell.workspace = true
@@ -21,7 +17,6 @@ hex.workspace = true
 hyper.workspace = true
 regex.workspace = true
 reqwest = { workspace = true, features = ["blocking", "json"] }
-scopeguard.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
 serde_with.workspace = true
@@ -29,11 +24,10 @@ tar.workspace = true
 thiserror.workspace = true
 toml.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true
-tokio-postgres.workspace = true
-tokio-util.workspace = true
 url.workspace = true
+# Note: Do not directly depend on pageserver or safekeeper; use pageserver_api or safekeeper_api
+# instead, so that recompile times are better.
 pageserver_api.workspace = true
-pageserver_client.workspace = true
 postgres_backend.workspace = true
 safekeeper_api.workspace = true
 postgres_connection.workspace = true
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/Cargo.toml
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "attachment_service"
-version = "0.1.0"
-edition.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-anyhow.workspace = true
-camino.workspace = true
-clap.workspace = true
-futures.workspace = true
-git-version.workspace = true
-hyper.workspace = true
-pageserver_api.workspace = true
-pageserver_client.workspace = true
-postgres_connection.workspace = true
-serde.workspace = true
-serde_json.workspace = true
-thiserror.workspace = true
-tokio.workspace = true
-tokio-util.workspace = true
-tracing.workspace = true
-
-# TODO: remove this after DB persistence is added, it is only used for
-# a parsing function when loading pageservers from neon_local LocalEnv
-postgres_backend.workspace = true
-
-diesel = { version = "2.1.4", features = ["serde_json", "postgres"] }
-
-utils = { path = "../../libs/utils/" }
-metrics = { path = "../../libs/metrics/" }
-control_plane = { path = ".." }
-workspace_hack = { version = "0.1", path = "../../workspace_hack" }
-
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/migrations/.keep
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/migrations/.keep
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/migrations/00000000000000_diesel_initial_setup/down.sql
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/migrations/00000000000000_diesel_initial_setup/down.sql
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-- This file was automatically created by Diesel to setup helper functions
-- and other internal bookkeeping. This file is safe to edit, any future
-- changes will be added to existing projects as new migrations.
-
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS diesel_manage_updated_at(_tbl regclass);
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS diesel_set_updated_at();
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/migrations/00000000000000_diesel_initial_setup/up.sql
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/migrations/00000000000000_diesel_initial_setup/up.sql
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-- This file was automatically created by Diesel to setup helper functions
-- and other internal bookkeeping. This file is safe to edit, any future
-- changes will be added to existing projects as new migrations.
-
-
-
-
-- Sets up a trigger for the given table to automatically set a column called
-- `updated_at` whenever the row is modified (unless `updated_at` was included
-- in the modified columns)
--
-- # Example
--
-- ```sql
-- CREATE TABLE users (id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, updated_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW());
--
-- SELECT diesel_manage_updated_at('users');
-- ```
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION diesel_manage_updated_at(_tbl regclass) RETURNS VOID AS $$
-BEGIN
-    EXECUTE format('CREATE TRIGGER set_updated_at BEFORE UPDATE ON %s
-                    FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE diesel_set_updated_at()', _tbl);
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION diesel_set_updated_at() RETURNS trigger AS $$
-BEGIN
-    IF (
-        NEW IS DISTINCT FROM OLD AND
-        NEW.updated_at IS NOT DISTINCT FROM OLD.updated_at
-    ) THEN
-        NEW.updated_at := current_timestamp;
-    END IF;
-    RETURN NEW;
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/migrations/2024-01-07-211257_create_tenant_shards/down.sql
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/migrations/2024-01-07-211257_create_tenant_shards/down.sql
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-DROP TABLE tenant_shards;
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/migrations/2024-01-07-211257_create_tenant_shards/up.sql
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/migrations/2024-01-07-211257_create_tenant_shards/up.sql
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-CREATE TABLE tenant_shards (
-  tenant_id VARCHAR NOT NULL,
-  shard_number INTEGER NOT NULL,
-  shard_count INTEGER NOT NULL,
-  PRIMARY KEY(tenant_id, shard_number, shard_count),
-  shard_stripe_size INTEGER NOT NULL,
-  generation INTEGER NOT NULL,
-  generation_pageserver BIGINT NOT NULL,
-  placement_policy VARCHAR NOT NULL,
-  -- config is JSON encoded, opaque to the database.
-  config TEXT NOT NULL
-);
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/migrations/2024-01-07-212945_create_nodes/down.sql
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/migrations/2024-01-07-212945_create_nodes/down.sql
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-DROP TABLE nodes;
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/migrations/2024-01-07-212945_create_nodes/up.sql
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/migrations/2024-01-07-212945_create_nodes/up.sql
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-CREATE TABLE nodes (
-  node_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
-
-  scheduling_policy VARCHAR NOT NULL,
-
-  listen_http_addr VARCHAR NOT NULL,
-  listen_http_port INTEGER NOT NULL,
-  listen_pg_addr VARCHAR NOT NULL,
-  listen_pg_port INTEGER NOT NULL
-);
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/src/compute_hook.rs
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/src/compute_hook.rs
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-use control_plane::endpoint::ComputeControlPlane;
-use control_plane::local_env::LocalEnv;
-use pageserver_api::shard::{ShardCount, ShardIndex, TenantShardId};
-use postgres_connection::parse_host_port;
-use utils::id::{NodeId, TenantId};
-
-pub(super) struct ComputeHookTenant {
-    shards: Vec<(ShardIndex, NodeId)>,
-}
-
-impl ComputeHookTenant {
-    pub(super) async fn maybe_reconfigure(&mut self, tenant_id: TenantId) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        // Find the highest shard count and drop any shards that aren't
-        // for that shard count.
-        let shard_count = self.shards.iter().map(|(k, _v)| k.shard_count).max();
-        let Some(shard_count) = shard_count else {
-            // No shards, nothing to do.
-            tracing::info!("ComputeHookTenant::maybe_reconfigure: no shards");
-            return Ok(());
-        };
-
-        self.shards.retain(|(k, _v)| k.shard_count == shard_count);
-        self.shards
-            .sort_by_key(|(shard, _node_id)| shard.shard_number);
-
-        if self.shards.len() == shard_count.0 as usize || shard_count == ShardCount(0) {
-            // We have pageservers for all the shards: proceed to reconfigure compute
-            let env = match LocalEnv::load_config() {
-                Ok(e) => e,
-                Err(e) => {
-                    tracing::warn!(
-                        "Couldn't load neon_local config, skipping compute update ({e})"
-                    );
-                    return Ok(());
-                }
-            };
-            let cplane = ComputeControlPlane::load(env.clone())
-                .expect("Error loading compute control plane");
-
-            let compute_pageservers = self
-                .shards
-                .iter()
-                .map(|(_shard, node_id)| {
-                    let ps_conf = env
-                        .get_pageserver_conf(*node_id)
-                        .expect("Unknown pageserver");
-                    let (pg_host, pg_port) = parse_host_port(&ps_conf.listen_pg_addr)
-                        .expect("Unable to parse listen_pg_addr");
-                    (pg_host, pg_port.unwrap_or(5432))
-                })
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-            for (endpoint_name, endpoint) in &cplane.endpoints {
-                if endpoint.tenant_id == tenant_id && endpoint.status() == "running" {
-                    tracing::info!("🔁 Reconfiguring endpoint {}", endpoint_name,);
-                    endpoint.reconfigure(compute_pageservers.clone()).await?;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            tracing::info!(
-                "ComputeHookTenant::maybe_reconfigure: not enough shards ({}/{})",
-                self.shards.len(),
-                shard_count.0
-            );
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-/// The compute hook is a destination for notifications about changes to tenant:pageserver
-/// mapping.  It aggregates updates for the shards in a tenant, and when appropriate reconfigures
-/// the compute connection string.
-pub(super) struct ComputeHook {
-    state: tokio::sync::Mutex<HashMap<TenantId, ComputeHookTenant>>,
-}
-
-impl ComputeHook {
-    pub(super) fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            state: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(super) async fn notify(
-        &self,
-        tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-        node_id: NodeId,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        tracing::info!("ComputeHook::notify: {}->{}", tenant_shard_id, node_id);
-        let mut locked = self.state.lock().await;
-        let entry = locked
-            .entry(tenant_shard_id.tenant_id)
-            .or_insert_with(|| ComputeHookTenant { shards: Vec::new() });
-
-        let shard_index = ShardIndex {
-            shard_count: tenant_shard_id.shard_count,
-            shard_number: tenant_shard_id.shard_number,
-        };
-
-        let mut set = false;
-        for (existing_shard, existing_node) in &mut entry.shards {
-            if *existing_shard == shard_index {
-                *existing_node = node_id;
-                set = true;
-            }
-        }
-        if !set {
-            entry.shards.push((shard_index, node_id));
-        }
-
-        entry.maybe_reconfigure(tenant_shard_id.tenant_id).await
-    }
-}
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/src/http.rs
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/src/http.rs
@@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
-use crate::reconciler::ReconcileError;
-use crate::service::{Service, STARTUP_RECONCILE_TIMEOUT};
-use hyper::{Body, Request, Response};
-use hyper::{StatusCode, Uri};
-use pageserver_api::models::{TenantCreateRequest, TimelineCreateRequest};
-use pageserver_api::shard::TenantShardId;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use utils::auth::SwappableJwtAuth;
-use utils::http::endpoint::{auth_middleware, request_span};
-use utils::http::request::parse_request_param;
-use utils::id::TenantId;
-
-use utils::{
-    http::{
-        endpoint::{self},
-        error::ApiError,
-        json::{json_request, json_response},
-        RequestExt, RouterBuilder,
-    },
-    id::NodeId,
-};
-
-use pageserver_api::control_api::{ReAttachRequest, ValidateRequest};
-
-use control_plane::attachment_service::{
-    AttachHookRequest, InspectRequest, NodeConfigureRequest, NodeRegisterRequest,
-    TenantShardMigrateRequest,
-};
-
-/// State available to HTTP request handlers
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct HttpState {
-    service: Arc<crate::service::Service>,
-    auth: Option<Arc<SwappableJwtAuth>>,
-    allowlist_routes: Vec<Uri>,
-}
-
-impl HttpState {
-    pub fn new(service: Arc<crate::service::Service>, auth: Option<Arc<SwappableJwtAuth>>) -> Self {
-        let allowlist_routes = ["/status"]
-            .iter()
-            .map(|v| v.parse().unwrap())
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        Self {
-            service,
-            auth,
-            allowlist_routes,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-fn get_state(request: &Request<Body>) -> &HttpState {
-    request
-        .data::<Arc<HttpState>>()
-        .expect("unknown state type")
-        .as_ref()
-}
-
-/// Pageserver calls into this on startup, to learn which tenants it should attach
-async fn handle_re_attach(mut req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
-    let reattach_req = json_request::<ReAttachRequest>(&mut req).await?;
-    let state = get_state(&req);
-    json_response(
-        StatusCode::OK,
-        state
-            .service
-            .re_attach(reattach_req)
-            .await
-            .map_err(ApiError::InternalServerError)?,
-    )
-}
-
-/// Pageserver calls into this before doing deletions, to confirm that it still
-/// holds the latest generation for the tenants with deletions enqueued
-async fn handle_validate(mut req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
-    let validate_req = json_request::<ValidateRequest>(&mut req).await?;
-    let state = get_state(&req);
-    json_response(StatusCode::OK, state.service.validate(validate_req))
-}
-
-/// Call into this before attaching a tenant to a pageserver, to acquire a generation number
-/// (in the real control plane this is unnecessary, because the same program is managing
-///  generation numbers and doing attachments).
-async fn handle_attach_hook(mut req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
-    let attach_req = json_request::<AttachHookRequest>(&mut req).await?;
-    let state = get_state(&req);
-
-    json_response(
-        StatusCode::OK,
-        state
-            .service
-            .attach_hook(attach_req)
-            .await
-            .map_err(ApiError::InternalServerError)?,
-    )
-}
-
-async fn handle_inspect(mut req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
-    let inspect_req = json_request::<InspectRequest>(&mut req).await?;
-
-    let state = get_state(&req);
-
-    json_response(StatusCode::OK, state.service.inspect(inspect_req))
-}
-
-async fn handle_tenant_create(
-    service: Arc<Service>,
-    mut req: Request<Body>,
-) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
-    let create_req = json_request::<TenantCreateRequest>(&mut req).await?;
-    json_response(StatusCode::OK, service.tenant_create(create_req).await?)
-}
-
-async fn handle_tenant_timeline_create(
-    service: Arc<Service>,
-    mut req: Request<Body>,
-) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
-    let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&req, "tenant_id")?;
-    let create_req = json_request::<TimelineCreateRequest>(&mut req).await?;
-    json_response(
-        StatusCode::OK,
-        service
-            .tenant_timeline_create(tenant_id, create_req)
-            .await?,
-    )
-}
-
-async fn handle_tenant_locate(
-    service: Arc<Service>,
-    req: Request<Body>,
-) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
-    let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&req, "tenant_id")?;
-    json_response(StatusCode::OK, service.tenant_locate(tenant_id)?)
-}
-
-async fn handle_node_register(mut req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
-    let register_req = json_request::<NodeRegisterRequest>(&mut req).await?;
-    let state = get_state(&req);
-    state.service.node_register(register_req).await?;
-    json_response(StatusCode::OK, ())
-}
-
-async fn handle_node_configure(mut req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
-    let node_id: NodeId = parse_request_param(&req, "node_id")?;
-    let config_req = json_request::<NodeConfigureRequest>(&mut req).await?;
-    if node_id != config_req.node_id {
-        return Err(ApiError::BadRequest(anyhow::anyhow!(
-            "Path and body node_id differ"
-        )));
-    }
-    let state = get_state(&req);
-
-    json_response(StatusCode::OK, state.service.node_configure(config_req)?)
-}
-
-async fn handle_tenant_shard_migrate(
-    service: Arc<Service>,
-    mut req: Request<Body>,
-) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
-    let tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId = parse_request_param(&req, "tenant_shard_id")?;
-    let migrate_req = json_request::<TenantShardMigrateRequest>(&mut req).await?;
-    json_response(
-        StatusCode::OK,
-        service
-            .tenant_shard_migrate(tenant_shard_id, migrate_req)
-            .await?,
-    )
-}
-
-/// Status endpoint is just used for checking that our HTTP listener is up
-async fn handle_status(_req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
-    json_response(StatusCode::OK, ())
-}
-
-impl From<ReconcileError> for ApiError {
-    fn from(value: ReconcileError) -> Self {
-        ApiError::Conflict(format!("Reconciliation error: {}", value))
-    }
-}
-
-/// Common wrapper for request handlers that call into Service and will operate on tenants: they must only
-/// be allowed to run if Service has finished its initial reconciliation.
-async fn tenant_service_handler<R, H>(request: Request<Body>, handler: H) -> R::Output
-where
-    R: std::future::Future<Output = Result<Response<Body>, ApiError>> + Send + 'static,
-    H: FnOnce(Arc<Service>, Request<Body>) -> R + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    let state = get_state(&request);
-    let service = state.service.clone();
-
-    let startup_complete = service.startup_complete.clone();
-    if tokio::time::timeout(STARTUP_RECONCILE_TIMEOUT, startup_complete.wait())
-        .await
-        .is_err()
-    {
-        // This shouldn't happen: it is the responsibilty of [`Service::startup_reconcile`] to use appropriate
-        // timeouts around its remote calls, to bound its runtime.
-        return Err(ApiError::Timeout(
-            "Timed out waiting for service readiness".into(),
-        ));
-    }
-
-    request_span(
-        request,
-        |request| async move { handler(service, request).await },
-    )
-    .await
-}
-
-pub fn make_router(
-    service: Arc<Service>,
-    auth: Option<Arc<SwappableJwtAuth>>,
-) -> RouterBuilder<hyper::Body, ApiError> {
-    let mut router = endpoint::make_router();
-    if auth.is_some() {
-        router = router.middleware(auth_middleware(|request| {
-            let state = get_state(request);
-            if state.allowlist_routes.contains(request.uri()) {
-                None
-            } else {
-                state.auth.as_deref()
-            }
-        }))
-    }
-
-    router
-        .data(Arc::new(HttpState::new(service, auth)))
-        .get("/status", |r| request_span(r, handle_status))
-        .post("/re-attach", |r| request_span(r, handle_re_attach))
-        .post("/validate", |r| request_span(r, handle_validate))
-        .post("/attach-hook", |r| request_span(r, handle_attach_hook))
-        .post("/inspect", |r| request_span(r, handle_inspect))
-        .post("/node", |r| request_span(r, handle_node_register))
-        .put("/node/:node_id/config", |r| {
-            request_span(r, handle_node_configure)
-        })
-        .post("/v1/tenant", |r| {
-            tenant_service_handler(r, handle_tenant_create)
-        })
-        .post("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline", |r| {
-            tenant_service_handler(r, handle_tenant_timeline_create)
-        })
-        .get("/tenant/:tenant_id/locate", |r| {
-            tenant_service_handler(r, handle_tenant_locate)
-        })
-        .put("/tenant/:tenant_shard_id/migrate", |r| {
-            tenant_service_handler(r, handle_tenant_shard_migrate)
-        })
-        // Path aliases for tests_forward_compatibility
-        // TODO: remove these in future PR
-        .post("/re-attach", |r| request_span(r, handle_re_attach))
-        .post("/validate", |r| request_span(r, handle_validate))
-}
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/src/lib.rs
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use utils::seqwait::MonotonicCounter;
-
-mod compute_hook;
-pub mod http;
-mod node;
-pub mod persistence;
-mod reconciler;
-mod scheduler;
-mod schema;
-pub mod service;
-mod tenant_state;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-enum PlacementPolicy {
-    /// Cheapest way to attach a tenant: just one pageserver, no secondary
-    Single,
-    /// Production-ready way to attach a tenant: one attached pageserver and
-    /// some number of secondaries.
-    Double(usize),
-    /// Do not attach to any pageservers
-    Detached,
-}
-
-#[derive(Ord, PartialOrd, Eq, PartialEq, Copy, Clone)]
-struct Sequence(u64);
-
-impl Sequence {
-    fn initial() -> Self {
-        Self(0)
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for Sequence {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{}", self.0)
-    }
-}
-
-impl MonotonicCounter<Sequence> for Sequence {
-    fn cnt_advance(&mut self, v: Sequence) {
-        assert!(*self <= v);
-        *self = v;
-    }
-    fn cnt_value(&self) -> Sequence {
-        *self
-    }
-}
-
-impl Sequence {
-    fn next(&self) -> Sequence {
-        Sequence(self.0 + 1)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Default for PlacementPolicy {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        PlacementPolicy::Double(1)
-    }
-}
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/src/main.rs
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/src/main.rs
@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
-/// The attachment service mimics the aspects of the control plane API
-/// that are required for a pageserver to operate.
-///
-/// This enables running & testing pageservers without a full-blown
-/// deployment of the Neon cloud platform.
-///
-use anyhow::anyhow;
-use attachment_service::http::make_router;
-use attachment_service::persistence::Persistence;
-use attachment_service::service::{Config, Service};
-use camino::Utf8PathBuf;
-use clap::Parser;
-use metrics::launch_timestamp::LaunchTimestamp;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use tokio::signal::unix::SignalKind;
-use utils::auth::{JwtAuth, SwappableJwtAuth};
-use utils::logging::{self, LogFormat};
-
-use utils::{project_build_tag, project_git_version, tcp_listener};
-
-project_git_version!(GIT_VERSION);
-project_build_tag!(BUILD_TAG);
-
-#[derive(Parser)]
-#[command(author, version, about, long_about = None)]
-#[command(arg_required_else_help(true))]
-struct Cli {
-    /// Host and port to listen on, like `127.0.0.1:1234`
-    #[arg(short, long)]
-    listen: std::net::SocketAddr,
-
-    /// Path to public key for JWT authentication of clients
-    #[arg(long)]
-    public_key: Option<camino::Utf8PathBuf>,
-
-    /// Token for authenticating this service with the pageservers it controls
-    #[arg(short, long)]
-    jwt_token: Option<String>,
-
-    /// Path to the .json file to store state (will be created if it doesn't exist)
-    #[arg(short, long)]
-    path: Utf8PathBuf,
-
-    /// URL to connect to postgres, like postgresql://localhost:1234/attachment_service
-    #[arg(long)]
-    database_url: String,
-}
-
-#[tokio::main]
-async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let launch_ts = Box::leak(Box::new(LaunchTimestamp::generate()));
-
-    logging::init(
-        LogFormat::Plain,
-        logging::TracingErrorLayerEnablement::Disabled,
-        logging::Output::Stdout,
-    )?;
-
-    let args = Cli::parse();
-    tracing::info!(
-        "version: {}, launch_timestamp: {}, build_tag {}, state at {}, listening on {}",
-        GIT_VERSION,
-        launch_ts.to_string(),
-        BUILD_TAG,
-        args.path,
-        args.listen
-    );
-
-    let config = Config {
-        jwt_token: args.jwt_token,
-    };
-
-    let json_path = if args.path.as_os_str().is_empty() {
-        None
-    } else {
-        Some(args.path)
-    };
-    let persistence = Arc::new(Persistence::new(args.database_url, json_path.clone()));
-
-    let service = Service::spawn(config, persistence.clone()).await?;
-
-    let http_listener = tcp_listener::bind(args.listen)?;
-
-    let auth = if let Some(public_key_path) = &args.public_key {
-        let jwt_auth = JwtAuth::from_key_path(public_key_path)?;
-        Some(Arc::new(SwappableJwtAuth::new(jwt_auth)))
-    } else {
-        None
-    };
-    let router = make_router(service, auth)
-        .build()
-        .map_err(|err| anyhow!(err))?;
-    let router_service = utils::http::RouterService::new(router).unwrap();
-    let server = hyper::Server::from_tcp(http_listener)?.serve(router_service);
-
-    tracing::info!("Serving on {0}", args.listen);
-
-    tokio::task::spawn(server);
-
-    // Wait until we receive a signal
-    let mut sigint = tokio::signal::unix::signal(SignalKind::interrupt())?;
-    let mut sigquit = tokio::signal::unix::signal(SignalKind::quit())?;
-    let mut sigterm = tokio::signal::unix::signal(SignalKind::terminate())?;
-    tokio::select! {
-        _ = sigint.recv() => {},
-        _ = sigterm.recv() => {},
-        _ = sigquit.recv() => {},
-    }
-    tracing::info!("Terminating on signal");
-
-    if json_path.is_some() {
-        // Write out a JSON dump on shutdown: this is used in compat tests to avoid passing
-        // full postgres dumps around.
-        if let Err(e) = persistence.write_tenants_json().await {
-            tracing::error!("Failed to write JSON on shutdown: {e}")
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::process::exit(0);
-}
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/src/node.rs
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/src/node.rs
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-use control_plane::attachment_service::{NodeAvailability, NodeSchedulingPolicy};
-use utils::id::NodeId;
-
-use crate::persistence::NodePersistence;
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub(crate) struct Node {
-    pub(crate) id: NodeId,
-
-    pub(crate) availability: NodeAvailability,
-    pub(crate) scheduling: NodeSchedulingPolicy,
-
-    pub(crate) listen_http_addr: String,
-    pub(crate) listen_http_port: u16,
-
-    pub(crate) listen_pg_addr: String,
-    pub(crate) listen_pg_port: u16,
-}
-
-impl Node {
-    pub(crate) fn base_url(&self) -> String {
-        format!("http://{}:{}", self.listen_http_addr, self.listen_http_port)
-    }
-
-    /// Is this node elegible to have work scheduled onto it?
-    pub(crate) fn may_schedule(&self) -> bool {
-        match self.availability {
-            NodeAvailability::Active => {}
-            NodeAvailability::Offline => return false,
-        }
-
-        match self.scheduling {
-            NodeSchedulingPolicy::Active => true,
-            NodeSchedulingPolicy::Draining => false,
-            NodeSchedulingPolicy::Filling => true,
-            NodeSchedulingPolicy::Pause => false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn to_persistent(&self) -> NodePersistence {
-        NodePersistence {
-            node_id: self.id.0 as i64,
-            scheduling_policy: self.scheduling.into(),
-            listen_http_addr: self.listen_http_addr.clone(),
-            listen_http_port: self.listen_http_port as i32,
-            listen_pg_addr: self.listen_pg_addr.clone(),
-            listen_pg_port: self.listen_pg_port as i32,
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/src/persistence.rs
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/src/persistence.rs
@@ -1,439 +0,0 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::str::FromStr;
-
-use camino::Utf8Path;
-use camino::Utf8PathBuf;
-use control_plane::attachment_service::{NodeAvailability, NodeSchedulingPolicy};
-use diesel::pg::PgConnection;
-use diesel::prelude::*;
-use diesel::Connection;
-use pageserver_api::models::TenantConfig;
-use pageserver_api::shard::{ShardCount, ShardNumber, TenantShardId};
-use postgres_connection::parse_host_port;
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use utils::generation::Generation;
-use utils::id::{NodeId, TenantId};
-
-use crate::node::Node;
-use crate::PlacementPolicy;
-
-/// ## What do we store?
-///
-/// The attachment service does not store most of its state durably.
-///
-/// The essential things to store durably are:
-/// - generation numbers, as these must always advance monotonically to ensure data safety.
-/// - Tenant's PlacementPolicy and TenantConfig, as the source of truth for these is something external.
-/// - Node's scheduling policies, as the source of truth for these is something external.
-///
-/// Other things we store durably as an implementation detail:
-/// - Node's host/port: this could be avoided it we made nodes emit a self-registering heartbeat,
-///   but it is operationally simpler to make this service the authority for which nodes
-///   it talks to.
-///
-/// ## Performance/efficiency
-///
-/// The attachment service does not go via the database for most things: there are
-/// a couple of places where we must, and where efficiency matters:
-/// - Incrementing generation numbers: the Reconciler has to wait for this to complete
-///   before it can attach a tenant, so this acts as a bound on how fast things like
-///   failover can happen.
-/// - Pageserver re-attach: we will increment many shards' generations when this happens,
-///   so it is important to avoid e.g. issuing O(N) queries.
-///
-/// Database calls relating to nodes have low performance requirements, as they are very rarely
-/// updated, and reads of nodes are always from memory, not the database.  We only require that
-/// we can UPDATE a node's scheduling mode reasonably quickly to mark a bad node offline.
-pub struct Persistence {
-    database_url: String,
-
-    // In test environments, we support loading+saving a JSON file.  This is temporary, for the benefit of
-    // test_compatibility.py, so that we don't have to commit to making the database contents fully backward/forward
-    // compatible just yet.
-    json_path: Option<Utf8PathBuf>,
-}
-
-/// Legacy format, for use in JSON compat objects in test environment
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
-struct JsonPersistence {
-    tenants: HashMap<TenantShardId, TenantShardPersistence>,
-}
-
-#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
-pub(crate) enum DatabaseError {
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    Query(#[from] diesel::result::Error),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    Connection(#[from] diesel::result::ConnectionError),
-    #[error("Logical error: {0}")]
-    Logical(String),
-}
-
-pub(crate) type DatabaseResult<T> = Result<T, DatabaseError>;
-
-impl Persistence {
-    pub fn new(database_url: String, json_path: Option<Utf8PathBuf>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            database_url,
-            json_path,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Call the provided function in a tokio blocking thread, with a Diesel database connection.
-    async fn with_conn<F, R>(&self, func: F) -> DatabaseResult<R>
-    where
-        F: Fn(&mut PgConnection) -> DatabaseResult<R> + Send + 'static,
-        R: Send + 'static,
-    {
-        let database_url = self.database_url.clone();
-        tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || -> DatabaseResult<R> {
-            // TODO: connection pooling, such as via diesel::r2d2
-            let mut conn = PgConnection::establish(&database_url)?;
-            func(&mut conn)
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect("Task panic")
-    }
-
-    /// When a node is first registered, persist it before using it for anything
-    pub(crate) async fn insert_node(&self, node: &Node) -> DatabaseResult<()> {
-        let np = node.to_persistent();
-        self.with_conn(move |conn| -> DatabaseResult<()> {
-            diesel::insert_into(crate::schema::nodes::table)
-                .values(&np)
-                .execute(conn)?;
-            Ok(())
-        })
-        .await
-    }
-
-    /// At startup, populate the list of nodes which our shards may be placed on
-    pub(crate) async fn list_nodes(&self) -> DatabaseResult<Vec<Node>> {
-        let nodes: Vec<Node> = self
-            .with_conn(move |conn| -> DatabaseResult<_> {
-                Ok(crate::schema::nodes::table
-                    .load::<NodePersistence>(conn)?
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|n| Node {
-                        id: NodeId(n.node_id as u64),
-                        // At startup we consider a node offline until proven otherwise.
-                        availability: NodeAvailability::Offline,
-                        scheduling: NodeSchedulingPolicy::from_str(&n.scheduling_policy)
-                            .expect("Bad scheduling policy in DB"),
-                        listen_http_addr: n.listen_http_addr,
-                        listen_http_port: n.listen_http_port as u16,
-                        listen_pg_addr: n.listen_pg_addr,
-                        listen_pg_port: n.listen_pg_port as u16,
-                    })
-                    .collect::<Vec<Node>>())
-            })
-            .await?;
-
-        if nodes.is_empty() {
-            return self.list_nodes_local_env().await;
-        }
-
-        tracing::info!("list_nodes: loaded {} nodes", nodes.len());
-
-        Ok(nodes)
-    }
-
-    /// Shim for automated compatibility tests: load nodes from LocalEnv instead of database
-    pub(crate) async fn list_nodes_local_env(&self) -> DatabaseResult<Vec<Node>> {
-        // Enable test_backward_compatibility to work by populating our list of
-        // nodes from LocalEnv when it is not present in persistent storage.  Otherwise at
-        // first startup in the compat test, we may have shards but no nodes.
-        use control_plane::local_env::LocalEnv;
-        let env = LocalEnv::load_config().map_err(|e| DatabaseError::Logical(format!("{e}")))?;
-        tracing::info!(
-            "Loading {} pageserver nodes from LocalEnv",
-            env.pageservers.len()
-        );
-        let mut nodes = Vec::new();
-        for ps_conf in env.pageservers {
-            let (pg_host, pg_port) =
-                parse_host_port(&ps_conf.listen_pg_addr).expect("Unable to parse listen_pg_addr");
-            let (http_host, http_port) = parse_host_port(&ps_conf.listen_http_addr)
-                .expect("Unable to parse listen_http_addr");
-            let node = Node {
-                id: ps_conf.id,
-                listen_pg_addr: pg_host.to_string(),
-                listen_pg_port: pg_port.unwrap_or(5432),
-                listen_http_addr: http_host.to_string(),
-                listen_http_port: http_port.unwrap_or(80),
-                availability: NodeAvailability::Active,
-                scheduling: NodeSchedulingPolicy::Active,
-            };
-
-            // Synchronize database with what we learn from LocalEnv
-            self.insert_node(&node).await?;
-
-            nodes.push(node);
-        }
-
-        Ok(nodes)
-    }
-
-    /// At startup, load the high level state for shards, such as their config + policy.  This will
-    /// be enriched at runtime with state discovered on pageservers.
-    pub(crate) async fn list_tenant_shards(&self) -> DatabaseResult<Vec<TenantShardPersistence>> {
-        let loaded = self
-            .with_conn(move |conn| -> DatabaseResult<_> {
-                Ok(crate::schema::tenant_shards::table.load::<TenantShardPersistence>(conn)?)
-            })
-            .await?;
-
-        if loaded.is_empty() {
-            if let Some(path) = &self.json_path {
-                if tokio::fs::try_exists(path)
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(|e| DatabaseError::Logical(format!("Error stat'ing JSON file: {e}")))?
-                {
-                    tracing::info!("Importing from legacy JSON format at {path}");
-                    return self.list_tenant_shards_json(path).await;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(loaded)
-    }
-
-    /// Shim for automated compatibility tests: load tenants from a JSON file instead of database
-    pub(crate) async fn list_tenant_shards_json(
-        &self,
-        path: &Utf8Path,
-    ) -> DatabaseResult<Vec<TenantShardPersistence>> {
-        let bytes = tokio::fs::read(path)
-            .await
-            .map_err(|e| DatabaseError::Logical(format!("Failed to load JSON: {e}")))?;
-
-        let mut decoded = serde_json::from_slice::<JsonPersistence>(&bytes)
-            .map_err(|e| DatabaseError::Logical(format!("Deserialization error: {e}")))?;
-        for (tenant_id, tenant) in &mut decoded.tenants {
-            // Backward compat: an old attachments.json from before PR #6251, replace
-            // empty strings with proper defaults.
-            if tenant.tenant_id.is_empty() {
-                tenant.tenant_id = tenant_id.to_string();
-                tenant.config = serde_json::to_string(&TenantConfig::default())
-                    .map_err(|e| DatabaseError::Logical(format!("Serialization error: {e}")))?;
-                tenant.placement_policy = serde_json::to_string(&PlacementPolicy::default())
-                    .map_err(|e| DatabaseError::Logical(format!("Serialization error: {e}")))?;
-            }
-        }
-
-        let tenants: Vec<TenantShardPersistence> = decoded.tenants.into_values().collect();
-
-        // Synchronize database with what is in the JSON file
-        self.insert_tenant_shards(tenants.clone()).await?;
-
-        Ok(tenants)
-    }
-
-    /// For use in testing environments, where we dump out JSON on shutdown.
-    pub async fn write_tenants_json(&self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        let Some(path) = &self.json_path else {
-            anyhow::bail!("Cannot write JSON if path isn't set (test environment bug)");
-        };
-        tracing::info!("Writing state to {path}...");
-        let tenants = self.list_tenant_shards().await?;
-        let mut tenants_map = HashMap::new();
-        for tsp in tenants {
-            let tenant_shard_id = TenantShardId {
-                tenant_id: TenantId::from_str(tsp.tenant_id.as_str())?,
-                shard_number: ShardNumber(tsp.shard_number as u8),
-                shard_count: ShardCount(tsp.shard_count as u8),
-            };
-
-            tenants_map.insert(tenant_shard_id, tsp);
-        }
-        let json = serde_json::to_string(&JsonPersistence {
-            tenants: tenants_map,
-        })?;
-
-        tokio::fs::write(path, &json).await?;
-        tracing::info!("Wrote {} bytes to {path}...", json.len());
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Tenants must be persisted before we schedule them for the first time.  This enables us
-    /// to correctly retain generation monotonicity, and the externally provided placement policy & config.
-    pub(crate) async fn insert_tenant_shards(
-        &self,
-        shards: Vec<TenantShardPersistence>,
-    ) -> DatabaseResult<()> {
-        use crate::schema::tenant_shards::dsl::*;
-        self.with_conn(move |conn| -> DatabaseResult<()> {
-            conn.transaction(|conn| -> QueryResult<()> {
-                for tenant in &shards {
-                    diesel::insert_into(tenant_shards)
-                        .values(tenant)
-                        .execute(conn)?;
-                }
-                Ok(())
-            })?;
-            Ok(())
-        })
-        .await
-    }
-
-    /// Ordering: call this _after_ deleting the tenant on pageservers, but _before_ dropping state for
-    /// the tenant from memory on this server.
-    #[allow(unused)]
-    pub(crate) async fn delete_tenant(&self, del_tenant_id: TenantId) -> DatabaseResult<()> {
-        use crate::schema::tenant_shards::dsl::*;
-        self.with_conn(move |conn| -> DatabaseResult<()> {
-            diesel::delete(tenant_shards)
-                .filter(tenant_id.eq(del_tenant_id.to_string()))
-                .execute(conn)?;
-
-            Ok(())
-        })
-        .await
-    }
-
-    /// When a tenant invokes the /re-attach API, this function is responsible for doing an efficient
-    /// batched increment of the generations of all tenants whose generation_pageserver is equal to
-    /// the node that called /re-attach.
-    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(node_id))]
-    pub(crate) async fn re_attach(
-        &self,
-        node_id: NodeId,
-    ) -> DatabaseResult<HashMap<TenantShardId, Generation>> {
-        use crate::schema::tenant_shards::dsl::*;
-        let updated = self
-            .with_conn(move |conn| {
-                let rows_updated = diesel::update(tenant_shards)
-                    .filter(generation_pageserver.eq(node_id.0 as i64))
-                    .set(generation.eq(generation + 1))
-                    .execute(conn)?;
-
-                tracing::info!("Incremented {} tenants' generations", rows_updated);
-
-                // TODO: UPDATE+SELECT in one query
-
-                let updated = tenant_shards
-                    .filter(generation_pageserver.eq(node_id.0 as i64))
-                    .select(TenantShardPersistence::as_select())
-                    .load(conn)?;
-                Ok(updated)
-            })
-            .await?;
-
-        let mut result = HashMap::new();
-        for tsp in updated {
-            let tenant_shard_id = TenantShardId {
-                tenant_id: TenantId::from_str(tsp.tenant_id.as_str())
-                    .map_err(|e| DatabaseError::Logical(format!("Malformed tenant id: {e}")))?,
-                shard_number: ShardNumber(tsp.shard_number as u8),
-                shard_count: ShardCount(tsp.shard_count as u8),
-            };
-            result.insert(tenant_shard_id, Generation::new(tsp.generation as u32));
-        }
-
-        Ok(result)
-    }
-
-    /// Reconciler calls this immediately before attaching to a new pageserver, to acquire a unique, monotonically
-    /// advancing generation number.  We also store the NodeId for which the generation was issued, so that in
-    /// [`Self::re_attach`] we can do a bulk UPDATE on the generations for that node.
-    pub(crate) async fn increment_generation(
-        &self,
-        tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-        node_id: NodeId,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<Generation> {
-        use crate::schema::tenant_shards::dsl::*;
-        let updated = self
-            .with_conn(move |conn| {
-                let updated = diesel::update(tenant_shards)
-                    .filter(tenant_id.eq(tenant_shard_id.tenant_id.to_string()))
-                    .filter(shard_number.eq(tenant_shard_id.shard_number.0 as i32))
-                    .filter(shard_count.eq(tenant_shard_id.shard_count.0 as i32))
-                    .set((
-                        generation.eq(generation + 1),
-                        generation_pageserver.eq(node_id.0 as i64),
-                    ))
-                    // TODO: only returning() the generation column
-                    .returning(TenantShardPersistence::as_returning())
-                    .get_result(conn)?;
-
-                Ok(updated)
-            })
-            .await?;
-
-        Ok(Generation::new(updated.generation as u32))
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) async fn detach(&self, tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        use crate::schema::tenant_shards::dsl::*;
-        self.with_conn(move |conn| {
-            let updated = diesel::update(tenant_shards)
-                .filter(tenant_id.eq(tenant_shard_id.tenant_id.to_string()))
-                .filter(shard_number.eq(tenant_shard_id.shard_number.0 as i32))
-                .filter(shard_count.eq(tenant_shard_id.shard_count.0 as i32))
-                .set((
-                    generation_pageserver.eq(i64::MAX),
-                    placement_policy.eq(serde_json::to_string(&PlacementPolicy::Detached).unwrap()),
-                ))
-                .execute(conn)?;
-
-            Ok(updated)
-        })
-        .await?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    // TODO: when we start shard splitting, we must durably mark the tenant so that
-    // on restart, we know that we must go through recovery (list shards that exist
-    // and pick up where we left off and/or revert to parent shards).
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub(crate) async fn begin_shard_split(&self, _tenant_id: TenantId) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        todo!();
-    }
-
-    // TODO: when we finish shard splitting, we must atomically clean up the old shards
-    // and insert the new shards, and clear the splitting marker.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub(crate) async fn complete_shard_split(&self, _tenant_id: TenantId) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        todo!();
-    }
-}
-
-/// Parts of [`crate::tenant_state::TenantState`] that are stored durably
-#[derive(Queryable, Selectable, Insertable, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
-#[diesel(table_name = crate::schema::tenant_shards)]
-pub(crate) struct TenantShardPersistence {
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub(crate) tenant_id: String,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub(crate) shard_number: i32,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub(crate) shard_count: i32,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub(crate) shard_stripe_size: i32,
-
-    // Latest generation number: next time we attach, increment this
-    // and use the incremented number when attaching
-    pub(crate) generation: i32,
-
-    // Currently attached pageserver
-    #[serde(rename = "pageserver")]
-    pub(crate) generation_pageserver: i64,
-
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub(crate) placement_policy: String,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub(crate) config: String,
-}
-
-/// Parts of [`crate::node::Node`] that are stored durably
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Queryable, Selectable, Insertable)]
-#[diesel(table_name = crate::schema::nodes)]
-pub(crate) struct NodePersistence {
-    pub(crate) node_id: i64,
-    pub(crate) scheduling_policy: String,
-    pub(crate) listen_http_addr: String,
-    pub(crate) listen_http_port: i32,
-    pub(crate) listen_pg_addr: String,
-    pub(crate) listen_pg_port: i32,
-}
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/src/reconciler.rs
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/src/reconciler.rs
@@ -1,495 +0,0 @@
-use crate::persistence::Persistence;
-use crate::service;
-use control_plane::attachment_service::NodeAvailability;
-use pageserver_api::models::{
-    LocationConfig, LocationConfigMode, LocationConfigSecondary, TenantConfig,
-};
-use pageserver_api::shard::{ShardIdentity, TenantShardId};
-use pageserver_client::mgmt_api;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::Duration;
-use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
-use utils::generation::Generation;
-use utils::id::{NodeId, TimelineId};
-use utils::lsn::Lsn;
-
-use crate::compute_hook::ComputeHook;
-use crate::node::Node;
-use crate::tenant_state::{IntentState, ObservedState, ObservedStateLocation};
-
-/// Object with the lifetime of the background reconcile task that is created
-/// for tenants which have a difference between their intent and observed states.
-pub(super) struct Reconciler {
-    /// See [`crate::tenant_state::TenantState`] for the meanings of these fields: they are a snapshot
-    /// of a tenant's state from when we spawned a reconcile task.
-    pub(super) tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-    pub(crate) shard: ShardIdentity,
-    pub(crate) generation: Generation,
-    pub(crate) intent: IntentState,
-    pub(crate) config: TenantConfig,
-    pub(crate) observed: ObservedState,
-
-    pub(crate) service_config: service::Config,
-
-    /// A snapshot of the pageservers as they were when we were asked
-    /// to reconcile.
-    pub(crate) pageservers: Arc<HashMap<NodeId, Node>>,
-
-    /// A hook to notify the running postgres instances when we change the location
-    /// of a tenant
-    pub(crate) compute_hook: Arc<ComputeHook>,
-
-    /// A means to abort background reconciliation: it is essential to
-    /// call this when something changes in the original TenantState that
-    /// will make this reconciliation impossible or unnecessary, for
-    /// example when a pageserver node goes offline, or the PlacementPolicy for
-    /// the tenant is changed.
-    pub(crate) cancel: CancellationToken,
-
-    /// Access to persistent storage for updating generation numbers
-    pub(crate) persistence: Arc<Persistence>,
-}
-
-#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
-pub enum ReconcileError {
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    Other(#[from] anyhow::Error),
-}
-
-impl Reconciler {
-    async fn location_config(
-        &mut self,
-        node_id: NodeId,
-        config: LocationConfig,
-        flush_ms: Option<Duration>,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        let node = self
-            .pageservers
-            .get(&node_id)
-            .expect("Pageserver may not be removed while referenced");
-
-        self.observed
-            .locations
-            .insert(node.id, ObservedStateLocation { conf: None });
-
-        tracing::info!("location_config({}) calling: {:?}", node_id, config);
-        let client =
-            mgmt_api::Client::new(node.base_url(), self.service_config.jwt_token.as_deref());
-        client
-            .location_config(self.tenant_shard_id, config.clone(), flush_ms)
-            .await?;
-        tracing::info!("location_config({}) complete: {:?}", node_id, config);
-
-        self.observed
-            .locations
-            .insert(node.id, ObservedStateLocation { conf: Some(config) });
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn maybe_live_migrate(&mut self) -> Result<(), ReconcileError> {
-        let destination = if let Some(node_id) = self.intent.attached {
-            match self.observed.locations.get(&node_id) {
-                Some(conf) => {
-                    // We will do a live migration only if the intended destination is not
-                    // currently in an attached state.
-                    match &conf.conf {
-                        Some(conf) if conf.mode == LocationConfigMode::Secondary => {
-                            // Fall through to do a live migration
-                            node_id
-                        }
-                        None | Some(_) => {
-                            // Attached or uncertain: don't do a live migration, proceed
-                            // with a general-case reconciliation
-                            tracing::info!("maybe_live_migrate: destination is None or attached");
-                            return Ok(());
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                None => {
-                    // Our destination is not attached: maybe live migrate if some other
-                    // node is currently attached.  Fall through.
-                    node_id
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // No intent to be attached
-            tracing::info!("maybe_live_migrate: no attached intent");
-            return Ok(());
-        };
-
-        let mut origin = None;
-        for (node_id, state) in &self.observed.locations {
-            if let Some(observed_conf) = &state.conf {
-                if observed_conf.mode == LocationConfigMode::AttachedSingle {
-                    let node = self
-                        .pageservers
-                        .get(node_id)
-                        .expect("Nodes may not be removed while referenced");
-                    // We will only attempt live migration if the origin is not offline: this
-                    // avoids trying to do it while reconciling after responding to an HA failover.
-                    if !matches!(node.availability, NodeAvailability::Offline) {
-                        origin = Some(*node_id);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        let Some(origin) = origin else {
-            tracing::info!("maybe_live_migrate: no origin found");
-            return Ok(());
-        };
-
-        // We have an origin and a destination: proceed to do the live migration
-        tracing::info!("Live migrating {}->{}", origin, destination);
-        self.live_migrate(origin, destination).await?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn get_lsns(
-        &self,
-        tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-        node_id: &NodeId,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<HashMap<TimelineId, Lsn>> {
-        let node = self
-            .pageservers
-            .get(node_id)
-            .expect("Pageserver may not be removed while referenced");
-
-        let client =
-            mgmt_api::Client::new(node.base_url(), self.service_config.jwt_token.as_deref());
-
-        let timelines = client.timeline_list(&tenant_shard_id).await?;
-        Ok(timelines
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|t| (t.timeline_id, t.last_record_lsn))
-            .collect())
-    }
-
-    async fn secondary_download(&self, tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId, node_id: &NodeId) {
-        let node = self
-            .pageservers
-            .get(node_id)
-            .expect("Pageserver may not be removed while referenced");
-
-        let client =
-            mgmt_api::Client::new(node.base_url(), self.service_config.jwt_token.as_deref());
-
-        match client.tenant_secondary_download(tenant_shard_id).await {
-            Ok(()) => {}
-            Err(_) => {
-                tracing::info!("  (skipping, destination wasn't in secondary mode)")
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn await_lsn(
-        &self,
-        tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-        pageserver_id: &NodeId,
-        baseline: HashMap<TimelineId, Lsn>,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        loop {
-            let latest = match self.get_lsns(tenant_shard_id, pageserver_id).await {
-                Ok(l) => l,
-                Err(e) => {
-                    println!(
-                        "🕑 Can't get LSNs on pageserver {} yet, waiting ({e})",
-                        pageserver_id
-                    );
-                    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500));
-                    continue;
-                }
-            };
-
-            let mut any_behind: bool = false;
-            for (timeline_id, baseline_lsn) in &baseline {
-                match latest.get(timeline_id) {
-                    Some(latest_lsn) => {
-                        println!("🕑 LSN origin {baseline_lsn} vs destination {latest_lsn}");
-                        if latest_lsn < baseline_lsn {
-                            any_behind = true;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    None => {
-                        // Expected timeline isn't yet visible on migration destination.
-                        // (IRL we would have to account for timeline deletion, but this
-                        //  is just test helper)
-                        any_behind = true;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if !any_behind {
-                println!("✅ LSN caught up.  Proceeding...");
-                break;
-            } else {
-                std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500));
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub async fn live_migrate(
-        &mut self,
-        origin_ps_id: NodeId,
-        dest_ps_id: NodeId,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        // `maybe_live_migrate` is responsibble for sanity of inputs
-        assert!(origin_ps_id != dest_ps_id);
-
-        fn build_location_config(
-            shard: &ShardIdentity,
-            config: &TenantConfig,
-            mode: LocationConfigMode,
-            generation: Option<Generation>,
-            secondary_conf: Option<LocationConfigSecondary>,
-        ) -> LocationConfig {
-            LocationConfig {
-                mode,
-                generation: generation.map(|g| g.into().unwrap()),
-                secondary_conf,
-                tenant_conf: config.clone(),
-                shard_number: shard.number.0,
-                shard_count: shard.count.0,
-                shard_stripe_size: shard.stripe_size.0,
-            }
-        }
-
-        tracing::info!(
-            "🔁 Switching origin pageserver {} to stale mode",
-            origin_ps_id
-        );
-
-        // FIXME: it is incorrect to use self.generation here, we should use the generation
-        // from the ObservedState of the origin pageserver (it might be older than self.generation)
-        let stale_conf = build_location_config(
-            &self.shard,
-            &self.config,
-            LocationConfigMode::AttachedStale,
-            Some(self.generation),
-            None,
-        );
-        self.location_config(origin_ps_id, stale_conf, Some(Duration::from_secs(10)))
-            .await?;
-
-        let baseline_lsns = Some(self.get_lsns(self.tenant_shard_id, &origin_ps_id).await?);
-
-        // If we are migrating to a destination that has a secondary location, warm it up first
-        if let Some(destination_conf) = self.observed.locations.get(&dest_ps_id) {
-            if let Some(destination_conf) = &destination_conf.conf {
-                if destination_conf.mode == LocationConfigMode::Secondary {
-                    tracing::info!(
-                        "🔁 Downloading latest layers to destination pageserver {}",
-                        dest_ps_id,
-                    );
-                    self.secondary_download(self.tenant_shard_id, &dest_ps_id)
-                        .await;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Increment generation before attaching to new pageserver
-        self.generation = self
-            .persistence
-            .increment_generation(self.tenant_shard_id, dest_ps_id)
-            .await?;
-
-        let dest_conf = build_location_config(
-            &self.shard,
-            &self.config,
-            LocationConfigMode::AttachedMulti,
-            Some(self.generation),
-            None,
-        );
-
-        tracing::info!("🔁 Attaching to pageserver {}", dest_ps_id);
-        self.location_config(dest_ps_id, dest_conf, None).await?;
-
-        if let Some(baseline) = baseline_lsns {
-            tracing::info!("🕑 Waiting for LSN to catch up...");
-            self.await_lsn(self.tenant_shard_id, &dest_ps_id, baseline)
-                .await?;
-        }
-
-        tracing::info!("🔁 Notifying compute to use pageserver {}", dest_ps_id);
-        self.compute_hook
-            .notify(self.tenant_shard_id, dest_ps_id)
-            .await?;
-
-        // Downgrade the origin to secondary.  If the tenant's policy is PlacementPolicy::Single, then
-        // this location will be deleted in the general case reconciliation that runs after this.
-        let origin_secondary_conf = build_location_config(
-            &self.shard,
-            &self.config,
-            LocationConfigMode::Secondary,
-            None,
-            Some(LocationConfigSecondary { warm: true }),
-        );
-        self.location_config(origin_ps_id, origin_secondary_conf.clone(), None)
-            .await?;
-        // TODO: we should also be setting the ObservedState on earlier API calls, in case we fail
-        // partway through.  In fact, all location conf API calls should be in a wrapper that sets
-        // the observed state to None, then runs, then sets it to what we wrote.
-        self.observed.locations.insert(
-            origin_ps_id,
-            ObservedStateLocation {
-                conf: Some(origin_secondary_conf),
-            },
-        );
-
-        println!(
-            "🔁 Switching to AttachedSingle mode on pageserver {}",
-            dest_ps_id
-        );
-        let dest_final_conf = build_location_config(
-            &self.shard,
-            &self.config,
-            LocationConfigMode::AttachedSingle,
-            Some(self.generation),
-            None,
-        );
-        self.location_config(dest_ps_id, dest_final_conf.clone(), None)
-            .await?;
-        self.observed.locations.insert(
-            dest_ps_id,
-            ObservedStateLocation {
-                conf: Some(dest_final_conf),
-            },
-        );
-
-        println!("✅ Migration complete");
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Reconciling a tenant makes API calls to pageservers until the observed state
-    /// matches the intended state.
-    ///
-    /// First we apply special case handling (e.g. for live migrations), and then a
-    /// general case reconciliation where we walk through the intent by pageserver
-    /// and call out to the pageserver to apply the desired state.
-    pub(crate) async fn reconcile(&mut self) -> Result<(), ReconcileError> {
-        // TODO: if any of self.observed is None, call to remote pageservers
-        // to learn correct state.
-
-        // Special case: live migration
-        self.maybe_live_migrate().await?;
-
-        // If the attached pageserver is not attached, do so now.
-        if let Some(node_id) = self.intent.attached {
-            let mut wanted_conf =
-                attached_location_conf(self.generation, &self.shard, &self.config);
-            match self.observed.locations.get(&node_id) {
-                Some(conf) if conf.conf.as_ref() == Some(&wanted_conf) => {
-                    // Nothing to do
-                    tracing::info!("Observed configuration already correct.")
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    // In all cases other than a matching observed configuration, we will
-                    // reconcile this location.  This includes locations with different configurations, as well
-                    // as locations with unknown (None) observed state.
-                    self.generation = self
-                        .persistence
-                        .increment_generation(self.tenant_shard_id, node_id)
-                        .await?;
-                    wanted_conf.generation = self.generation.into();
-                    tracing::info!("Observed configuration requires update.");
-                    self.location_config(node_id, wanted_conf, None).await?;
-                    if let Err(e) = self
-                        .compute_hook
-                        .notify(self.tenant_shard_id, node_id)
-                        .await
-                    {
-                        tracing::warn!(
-                            "Failed to notify compute of newly attached pageserver {node_id}: {e}"
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Configure secondary locations: if these were previously attached this
-        // implicitly downgrades them from attached to secondary.
-        let mut changes = Vec::new();
-        for node_id in &self.intent.secondary {
-            let wanted_conf = secondary_location_conf(&self.shard, &self.config);
-            match self.observed.locations.get(node_id) {
-                Some(conf) if conf.conf.as_ref() == Some(&wanted_conf) => {
-                    // Nothing to do
-                    tracing::info!(%node_id, "Observed configuration already correct.")
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    // In all cases other than a matching observed configuration, we will
-                    // reconcile this location.
-                    tracing::info!(%node_id, "Observed configuration requires update.");
-                    changes.push((*node_id, wanted_conf))
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Detach any extraneous pageservers that are no longer referenced
-        // by our intent.
-        let all_pageservers = self.intent.all_pageservers();
-        for node_id in self.observed.locations.keys() {
-            if all_pageservers.contains(node_id) {
-                // We are only detaching pageservers that aren't used at all.
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            changes.push((
-                *node_id,
-                LocationConfig {
-                    mode: LocationConfigMode::Detached,
-                    generation: None,
-                    secondary_conf: None,
-                    shard_number: self.shard.number.0,
-                    shard_count: self.shard.count.0,
-                    shard_stripe_size: self.shard.stripe_size.0,
-                    tenant_conf: self.config.clone(),
-                },
-            ));
-        }
-
-        for (node_id, conf) in changes {
-            self.location_config(node_id, conf, None).await?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) fn attached_location_conf(
-    generation: Generation,
-    shard: &ShardIdentity,
-    config: &TenantConfig,
-) -> LocationConfig {
-    LocationConfig {
-        mode: LocationConfigMode::AttachedSingle,
-        generation: generation.into(),
-        secondary_conf: None,
-        shard_number: shard.number.0,
-        shard_count: shard.count.0,
-        shard_stripe_size: shard.stripe_size.0,
-        tenant_conf: config.clone(),
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) fn secondary_location_conf(
-    shard: &ShardIdentity,
-    config: &TenantConfig,
-) -> LocationConfig {
-    LocationConfig {
-        mode: LocationConfigMode::Secondary,
-        generation: None,
-        secondary_conf: Some(LocationConfigSecondary { warm: true }),
-        shard_number: shard.number.0,
-        shard_count: shard.count.0,
-        shard_stripe_size: shard.stripe_size.0,
-        tenant_conf: config.clone(),
-    }
-}
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/src/scheduler.rs
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/src/scheduler.rs
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-use pageserver_api::shard::TenantShardId;
-use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
-use utils::{http::error::ApiError, id::NodeId};
-
-use crate::{node::Node, tenant_state::TenantState};
-
-/// Scenarios in which we cannot find a suitable location for a tenant shard
-#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
-pub enum ScheduleError {
-    #[error("No pageservers found")]
-    NoPageservers,
-    #[error("No pageserver found matching constraint")]
-    ImpossibleConstraint,
-}
-
-impl From<ScheduleError> for ApiError {
-    fn from(value: ScheduleError) -> Self {
-        ApiError::Conflict(format!("Scheduling error: {}", value))
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) struct Scheduler {
-    tenant_counts: HashMap<NodeId, usize>,
-}
-
-impl Scheduler {
-    pub(crate) fn new(
-        tenants: &BTreeMap<TenantShardId, TenantState>,
-        nodes: &HashMap<NodeId, Node>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let mut tenant_counts = HashMap::new();
-        for node_id in nodes.keys() {
-            tenant_counts.insert(*node_id, 0);
-        }
-
-        for tenant in tenants.values() {
-            if let Some(ps) = tenant.intent.attached {
-                let entry = tenant_counts.entry(ps).or_insert(0);
-                *entry += 1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (node_id, node) in nodes {
-            if !node.may_schedule() {
-                tenant_counts.remove(node_id);
-            }
-        }
-
-        Self { tenant_counts }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn schedule_shard(
-        &mut self,
-        hard_exclude: &[NodeId],
-    ) -> Result<NodeId, ScheduleError> {
-        if self.tenant_counts.is_empty() {
-            return Err(ScheduleError::NoPageservers);
-        }
-
-        let mut tenant_counts: Vec<(NodeId, usize)> = self
-            .tenant_counts
-            .iter()
-            .filter_map(|(k, v)| {
-                if hard_exclude.contains(k) {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some((*k, *v))
-                }
-            })
-            .collect();
-
-        // Sort by tenant count.  Nodes with the same tenant count are sorted by ID.
-        tenant_counts.sort_by_key(|i| (i.1, i.0));
-
-        if tenant_counts.is_empty() {
-            // After applying constraints, no pageservers were left
-            return Err(ScheduleError::ImpossibleConstraint);
-        }
-
-        for (node_id, count) in &tenant_counts {
-            tracing::info!("tenant_counts[{node_id}]={count}");
-        }
-
-        let node_id = tenant_counts.first().unwrap().0;
-        tracing::info!("scheduler selected node {node_id}");
-        *self.tenant_counts.get_mut(&node_id).unwrap() += 1;
-        Ok(node_id)
-    }
-}
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/src/schema.rs
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/src/schema.rs
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-// @generated automatically by Diesel CLI.
-
-diesel::table! {
-    nodes (node_id) {
-        node_id -> Int8,
-        scheduling_policy -> Varchar,
-        listen_http_addr -> Varchar,
-        listen_http_port -> Int4,
-        listen_pg_addr -> Varchar,
-        listen_pg_port -> Int4,
-    }
-}
-
-diesel::table! {
-    tenant_shards (tenant_id, shard_number, shard_count) {
-        tenant_id -> Varchar,
-        shard_number -> Int4,
-        shard_count -> Int4,
-        shard_stripe_size -> Int4,
-        generation -> Int4,
-        generation_pageserver -> Int8,
-        placement_policy -> Varchar,
-        config -> Text,
-    }
-}
-
-diesel::allow_tables_to_appear_in_same_query!(nodes, tenant_shards,);
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/src/service.rs
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/src/service.rs
--- a/control_plane/attachment_service/src/tenant_state.rs
+++ b/control_plane/attachment_service/src/tenant_state.rs
@@ -1,467 +0,0 @@
-use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
-
-use control_plane::attachment_service::NodeAvailability;
-use pageserver_api::{
-    models::{LocationConfig, LocationConfigMode, TenantConfig},
-    shard::{ShardIdentity, TenantShardId},
-};
-use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
-use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
-use utils::{
-    generation::Generation,
-    id::NodeId,
-    seqwait::{SeqWait, SeqWaitError},
-};
-
-use crate::{
-    compute_hook::ComputeHook,
-    node::Node,
-    persistence::Persistence,
-    reconciler::{attached_location_conf, secondary_location_conf, ReconcileError, Reconciler},
-    scheduler::{ScheduleError, Scheduler},
-    service, PlacementPolicy, Sequence,
-};
-
-pub(crate) struct TenantState {
-    pub(crate) tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-
-    pub(crate) shard: ShardIdentity,
-
-    // Runtime only: sequence used to coordinate when updating this object while
-    // with background reconcilers may be running.  A reconciler runs to a particular
-    // sequence.
-    pub(crate) sequence: Sequence,
-
-    // Latest generation number: next time we attach, increment this
-    // and use the incremented number when attaching
-    pub(crate) generation: Generation,
-
-    // High level description of how the tenant should be set up.  Provided
-    // externally.
-    pub(crate) policy: PlacementPolicy,
-
-    // Low level description of exactly which pageservers should fulfil
-    // which role.  Generated by `Self::schedule`.
-    pub(crate) intent: IntentState,
-
-    // Low level description of how the tenant is configured on pageservers:
-    // if this does not match `Self::intent` then the tenant needs reconciliation
-    // with `Self::reconcile`.
-    pub(crate) observed: ObservedState,
-
-    // Tenant configuration, passed through opaquely to the pageserver.  Identical
-    // for all shards in a tenant.
-    pub(crate) config: TenantConfig,
-
-    /// If a reconcile task is currently in flight, it may be joined here (it is
-    /// only safe to join if either the result has been received or the reconciler's
-    /// cancellation token has been fired)
-    pub(crate) reconciler: Option<ReconcilerHandle>,
-
-    /// Optionally wait for reconciliation to complete up to a particular
-    /// sequence number.
-    pub(crate) waiter: std::sync::Arc<SeqWait<Sequence, Sequence>>,
-
-    /// Indicates sequence number for which we have encountered an error reconciling.  If
-    /// this advances ahead of [`Self::waiter`] then a reconciliation error has occurred,
-    /// and callers should stop waiting for `waiter` and propagate the error.
-    pub(crate) error_waiter: std::sync::Arc<SeqWait<Sequence, Sequence>>,
-
-    /// The most recent error from a reconcile on this tenant
-    /// TODO: generalize to an array of recent events
-    /// TOOD: use a ArcSwap instead of mutex for faster reads?
-    pub(crate) last_error: std::sync::Arc<std::sync::Mutex<String>>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct IntentState {
-    pub(crate) attached: Option<NodeId>,
-    pub(crate) secondary: Vec<NodeId>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Clone)]
-pub(crate) struct ObservedState {
-    pub(crate) locations: HashMap<NodeId, ObservedStateLocation>,
-}
-
-/// Our latest knowledge of how this tenant is configured in the outside world.
-///
-/// Meaning:
-///     * No instance of this type exists for a node: we are certain that we have nothing configured on that
-///       node for this shard.
-///     * Instance exists with conf==None: we *might* have some state on that node, but we don't know
-///       what it is (e.g. we failed partway through configuring it)
-///     * Instance exists with conf==Some: this tells us what we last successfully configured on this node,
-///       and that configuration will still be present unless something external interfered.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub(crate) struct ObservedStateLocation {
-    /// If None, it means we do not know the status of this shard's location on this node, but
-    /// we know that we might have some state on this node.
-    pub(crate) conf: Option<LocationConfig>,
-}
-pub(crate) struct ReconcilerWaiter {
-    // For observability purposes, remember the ID of the shard we're
-    // waiting for.
-    pub(crate) tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-
-    seq_wait: std::sync::Arc<SeqWait<Sequence, Sequence>>,
-    error_seq_wait: std::sync::Arc<SeqWait<Sequence, Sequence>>,
-    error: std::sync::Arc<std::sync::Mutex<String>>,
-    seq: Sequence,
-}
-
-#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
-pub enum ReconcileWaitError {
-    #[error("Timeout waiting for shard {0}")]
-    Timeout(TenantShardId),
-    #[error("shutting down")]
-    Shutdown,
-    #[error("Reconcile error on shard {0}: {1}")]
-    Failed(TenantShardId, String),
-}
-
-impl ReconcilerWaiter {
-    pub(crate) async fn wait_timeout(&self, timeout: Duration) -> Result<(), ReconcileWaitError> {
-        tokio::select! {
-            result = self.seq_wait.wait_for_timeout(self.seq, timeout)=> {
-                result.map_err(|e| match e {
-                    SeqWaitError::Timeout => ReconcileWaitError::Timeout(self.tenant_shard_id),
-                    SeqWaitError::Shutdown => ReconcileWaitError::Shutdown
-                })?;
-            },
-            result = self.error_seq_wait.wait_for(self.seq) => {
-                result.map_err(|e| match e {
-                    SeqWaitError::Shutdown => ReconcileWaitError::Shutdown,
-                    SeqWaitError::Timeout => unreachable!()
-                })?;
-
-                return Err(ReconcileWaitError::Failed(self.tenant_shard_id, self.error.lock().unwrap().clone()))
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Having spawned a reconciler task, the tenant shard's state will carry enough
-/// information to optionally cancel & await it later.
-pub(crate) struct ReconcilerHandle {
-    sequence: Sequence,
-    handle: JoinHandle<()>,
-    cancel: CancellationToken,
-}
-
-/// When a reconcile task completes, it sends this result object
-/// to be applied to the primary TenantState.
-pub(crate) struct ReconcileResult {
-    pub(crate) sequence: Sequence,
-    /// On errors, `observed` should be treated as an incompleted description
-    /// of state (i.e. any nodes present in the result should override nodes
-    /// present in the parent tenant state, but any unmentioned nodes should
-    /// not be removed from parent tenant state)
-    pub(crate) result: Result<(), ReconcileError>,
-
-    pub(crate) tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-    pub(crate) generation: Generation,
-    pub(crate) observed: ObservedState,
-}
-
-impl IntentState {
-    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            attached: None,
-            secondary: vec![],
-        }
-    }
-    pub(crate) fn all_pageservers(&self) -> Vec<NodeId> {
-        let mut result = Vec::new();
-        if let Some(p) = self.attached {
-            result.push(p)
-        }
-
-        result.extend(self.secondary.iter().copied());
-
-        result
-    }
-
-    /// When a node goes offline, we update intents to avoid using it
-    /// as their attached pageserver.
-    ///
-    /// Returns true if a change was made
-    pub(crate) fn notify_offline(&mut self, node_id: NodeId) -> bool {
-        if self.attached == Some(node_id) {
-            self.attached = None;
-            self.secondary.push(node_id);
-            true
-        } else {
-            false
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ObservedState {
-    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            locations: HashMap::new(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl TenantState {
-    pub(crate) fn new(
-        tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-        shard: ShardIdentity,
-        policy: PlacementPolicy,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            tenant_shard_id,
-            policy,
-            intent: IntentState::default(),
-            generation: Generation::new(0),
-            shard,
-            observed: ObservedState::default(),
-            config: TenantConfig::default(),
-            reconciler: None,
-            sequence: Sequence(1),
-            waiter: Arc::new(SeqWait::new(Sequence(0))),
-            error_waiter: Arc::new(SeqWait::new(Sequence(0))),
-            last_error: Arc::default(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// For use on startup when learning state from pageservers: generate my [`IntentState`] from my
-    /// [`ObservedState`], even if it violates my [`PlacementPolicy`].  Call [`Self::schedule`] next,
-    /// to get an intent state that complies with placement policy.  The overall goal is to do scheduling
-    /// in a way that makes use of any configured locations that already exist in the outside world.
-    pub(crate) fn intent_from_observed(&mut self) {
-        // Choose an attached location by filtering observed locations, and then sorting to get the highest
-        // generation
-        let mut attached_locs = self
-            .observed
-            .locations
-            .iter()
-            .filter_map(|(node_id, l)| {
-                if let Some(conf) = &l.conf {
-                    if conf.mode == LocationConfigMode::AttachedMulti
-                        || conf.mode == LocationConfigMode::AttachedSingle
-                        || conf.mode == LocationConfigMode::AttachedStale
-                    {
-                        Some((node_id, conf.generation))
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    None
-                }
-            })
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-        attached_locs.sort_by_key(|i| i.1);
-        if let Some((node_id, _gen)) = attached_locs.into_iter().last() {
-            self.intent.attached = Some(*node_id);
-        }
-
-        // All remaining observed locations generate secondary intents.  This includes None
-        // observations, as these may well have some local content on disk that is usable (this
-        // is an edge case that might occur if we restarted during a migration or other change)
-        self.observed.locations.keys().for_each(|node_id| {
-            if Some(*node_id) != self.intent.attached {
-                self.intent.secondary.push(*node_id);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn schedule(&mut self, scheduler: &mut Scheduler) -> Result<(), ScheduleError> {
-        // TODO: before scheduling new nodes, check if any existing content in
-        // self.intent refers to pageservers that are offline, and pick other
-        // pageservers if so.
-
-        // Build the set of pageservers already in use by this tenant, to avoid scheduling
-        // more work on the same pageservers we're already using.
-        let mut used_pageservers = self.intent.all_pageservers();
-        let mut modified = false;
-
-        use PlacementPolicy::*;
-        match self.policy {
-            Single => {
-                // Should have exactly one attached, and zero secondaries
-                if self.intent.attached.is_none() {
-                    let node_id = scheduler.schedule_shard(&used_pageservers)?;
-                    self.intent.attached = Some(node_id);
-                    used_pageservers.push(node_id);
-                    modified = true;
-                }
-                if !self.intent.secondary.is_empty() {
-                    self.intent.secondary.clear();
-                    modified = true;
-                }
-            }
-            Double(secondary_count) => {
-                // Should have exactly one attached, and N secondaries
-                if self.intent.attached.is_none() {
-                    let node_id = scheduler.schedule_shard(&used_pageservers)?;
-                    self.intent.attached = Some(node_id);
-                    used_pageservers.push(node_id);
-                    modified = true;
-                }
-
-                while self.intent.secondary.len() < secondary_count {
-                    let node_id = scheduler.schedule_shard(&used_pageservers)?;
-                    self.intent.secondary.push(node_id);
-                    used_pageservers.push(node_id);
-                    modified = true;
-                }
-            }
-            Detached => {
-                // Should have no attached or secondary pageservers
-                if self.intent.attached.is_some() {
-                    self.intent.attached = None;
-                    modified = true;
-                }
-
-                if !self.intent.secondary.is_empty() {
-                    self.intent.secondary.clear();
-                    modified = true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if modified {
-            self.sequence.0 += 1;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn dirty(&self) -> bool {
-        if let Some(node_id) = self.intent.attached {
-            let wanted_conf = attached_location_conf(self.generation, &self.shard, &self.config);
-            match self.observed.locations.get(&node_id) {
-                Some(conf) if conf.conf.as_ref() == Some(&wanted_conf) => {}
-                Some(_) | None => {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        for node_id in &self.intent.secondary {
-            let wanted_conf = secondary_location_conf(&self.shard, &self.config);
-            match self.observed.locations.get(node_id) {
-                Some(conf) if conf.conf.as_ref() == Some(&wanted_conf) => {}
-                Some(_) | None => {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        false
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn maybe_reconcile(
-        &mut self,
-        result_tx: tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedSender<ReconcileResult>,
-        pageservers: &Arc<HashMap<NodeId, Node>>,
-        compute_hook: &Arc<ComputeHook>,
-        service_config: &service::Config,
-        persistence: &Arc<Persistence>,
-    ) -> Option<ReconcilerWaiter> {
-        // If there are any ambiguous observed states, and the nodes they refer to are available,
-        // we should reconcile to clean them up.
-        let mut dirty_observed = false;
-        for (node_id, observed_loc) in &self.observed.locations {
-            let node = pageservers
-                .get(node_id)
-                .expect("Nodes may not be removed while referenced");
-            if observed_loc.conf.is_none()
-                && !matches!(node.availability, NodeAvailability::Offline)
-            {
-                dirty_observed = true;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if !self.dirty() && !dirty_observed {
-            tracing::info!("Not dirty, no reconciliation needed.");
-            return None;
-        }
-
-        // Reconcile already in flight for the current sequence?
-        if let Some(handle) = &self.reconciler {
-            if handle.sequence == self.sequence {
-                return Some(ReconcilerWaiter {
-                    tenant_shard_id: self.tenant_shard_id,
-                    seq_wait: self.waiter.clone(),
-                    error_seq_wait: self.error_waiter.clone(),
-                    error: self.last_error.clone(),
-                    seq: self.sequence,
-                });
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Reconcile in flight for a stale sequence?  Our sequence's task will wait for it before
-        // doing our sequence's work.
-        let old_handle = self.reconciler.take();
-
-        let cancel = CancellationToken::new();
-        let mut reconciler = Reconciler {
-            tenant_shard_id: self.tenant_shard_id,
-            shard: self.shard,
-            generation: self.generation,
-            intent: self.intent.clone(),
-            config: self.config.clone(),
-            observed: self.observed.clone(),
-            pageservers: pageservers.clone(),
-            compute_hook: compute_hook.clone(),
-            service_config: service_config.clone(),
-            cancel: cancel.clone(),
-            persistence: persistence.clone(),
-        };
-
-        let reconcile_seq = self.sequence;
-
-        tracing::info!("Spawning Reconciler for sequence {}", self.sequence);
-        let join_handle = tokio::task::spawn(async move {
-            // Wait for any previous reconcile task to complete before we start
-            if let Some(old_handle) = old_handle {
-                old_handle.cancel.cancel();
-                if let Err(e) = old_handle.handle.await {
-                    // We can't do much with this other than log it: the task is done, so
-                    // we may proceed with our work.
-                    tracing::error!("Unexpected join error waiting for reconcile task: {e}");
-                }
-            }
-
-            // Early check for cancellation before doing any work
-            // TODO: wrap all remote API operations in cancellation check
-            // as well.
-            if reconciler.cancel.is_cancelled() {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            let result = reconciler.reconcile().await;
-            result_tx
-                .send(ReconcileResult {
-                    sequence: reconcile_seq,
-                    result,
-                    tenant_shard_id: reconciler.tenant_shard_id,
-                    generation: reconciler.generation,
-                    observed: reconciler.observed,
-                })
-                .ok();
-        });
-
-        self.reconciler = Some(ReconcilerHandle {
-            sequence: self.sequence,
-            handle: join_handle,
-            cancel,
-        });
-
-        Some(ReconcilerWaiter {
-            tenant_shard_id: self.tenant_shard_id,
-            seq_wait: self.waiter.clone(),
-            error_seq_wait: self.error_waiter.clone(),
-            error: self.last_error.clone(),
-            seq: self.sequence,
-        })
-    }
-}
--- a/control_plane/src/attachment_service.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/attachment_service.rs
@@ -1,44 +1,22 @@
 use crate::{background_process, local_env::LocalEnv};
-use camino::{Utf8Path, Utf8PathBuf};
-use diesel::{
-    backend::Backend,
-    query_builder::{AstPass, QueryFragment, QueryId},
-    Connection, PgConnection, QueryResult, RunQueryDsl,
-};
-use diesel_migrations::{HarnessWithOutput, MigrationHarness};
-use hyper::Method;
-use pageserver_api::{
-    models::{ShardParameters, TenantCreateRequest, TimelineCreateRequest, TimelineInfo},
-    shard::TenantShardId,
-};
-use pageserver_client::mgmt_api::ResponseErrorMessageExt;
-use postgres_backend::AuthType;
-use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, Deserialize, Serialize};
-use std::{env, str::FromStr};
-use tokio::process::Command;
-use tracing::instrument;
-use utils::{
-    auth::{Claims, Scope},
-    id::{NodeId, TenantId},
-};
+use anyhow::anyhow;
+use camino::Utf8PathBuf;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::{path::PathBuf, process::Child};
+use utils::id::{NodeId, TenantId};

 pub struct AttachmentService {
    env: LocalEnv,
    listen: String,
-    path: Utf8PathBuf,
-    jwt_token: Option<String>,
-    public_key_path: Option<Utf8PathBuf>,
-    postgres_port: u16,
-    client: reqwest::Client,
+    path: PathBuf,
+    client: reqwest::blocking::Client,
 }

 const COMMAND: &str = "attachment_service";

-const ATTACHMENT_SERVICE_POSTGRES_VERSION: u32 = 16;
-
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct AttachHookRequest {
-    pub tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
+    pub tenant_id: TenantId,
    pub node_id: Option<NodeId>,
 }

@@ -49,7 +27,7 @@ pub struct AttachHookResponse {

 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct InspectRequest {
-    pub tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
+    pub tenant_id: TenantId,
 }

 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -57,130 +35,9 @@ pub struct InspectResponse {
    pub attachment: Option<(u32, NodeId)>,
 }

-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct TenantCreateResponseShard {
-    pub node_id: NodeId,
-    pub generation: u32,
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct TenantCreateResponse {
-    pub shards: Vec<TenantCreateResponseShard>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct NodeRegisterRequest {
-    pub node_id: NodeId,
-
-    pub listen_pg_addr: String,
-    pub listen_pg_port: u16,
-
-    pub listen_http_addr: String,
-    pub listen_http_port: u16,
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct NodeConfigureRequest {
-    pub node_id: NodeId,
-
-    pub availability: Option<NodeAvailability>,
-    pub scheduling: Option<NodeSchedulingPolicy>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
-pub struct TenantLocateResponseShard {
-    pub shard_id: TenantShardId,
-    pub node_id: NodeId,
-
-    pub listen_pg_addr: String,
-    pub listen_pg_port: u16,
-
-    pub listen_http_addr: String,
-    pub listen_http_port: u16,
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct TenantLocateResponse {
-    pub shards: Vec<TenantLocateResponseShard>,
-    pub shard_params: ShardParameters,
-}
-
-/// Explicitly migrating a particular shard is a low level operation
-/// TODO: higher level "Reschedule tenant" operation where the request
-/// specifies some constraints, e.g. asking it to get off particular node(s)
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
-pub struct TenantShardMigrateRequest {
-    pub tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-    pub node_id: NodeId,
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Copy)]
-pub enum NodeAvailability {
-    // Normal, happy state
-    Active,
-    // Offline: Tenants shouldn't try to attach here, but they may assume that their
-    // secondary locations on this node still exist.  Newly added nodes are in this
-    // state until we successfully contact them.
-    Offline,
-}
-
-impl FromStr for NodeAvailability {
-    type Err = anyhow::Error;
-
-    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
-        match s {
-            "active" => Ok(Self::Active),
-            "offline" => Ok(Self::Offline),
-            _ => Err(anyhow::anyhow!("Unknown availability state '{s}'")),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// FIXME: this is a duplicate of the type in the attachment_service crate, because the
-/// type needs to be defined with diesel traits in there.
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Copy)]
-pub enum NodeSchedulingPolicy {
-    Active,
-    Filling,
-    Pause,
-    Draining,
-}
-
-impl FromStr for NodeSchedulingPolicy {
-    type Err = anyhow::Error;
-
-    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
-        match s {
-            "active" => Ok(Self::Active),
-            "filling" => Ok(Self::Filling),
-            "pause" => Ok(Self::Pause),
-            "draining" => Ok(Self::Draining),
-            _ => Err(anyhow::anyhow!("Unknown scheduling state '{s}'")),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<NodeSchedulingPolicy> for String {
-    fn from(value: NodeSchedulingPolicy) -> String {
-        use NodeSchedulingPolicy::*;
-        match value {
-            Active => "active",
-            Filling => "filling",
-            Pause => "pause",
-            Draining => "draining",
-        }
-        .to_string()
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
-pub struct TenantShardMigrateResponse {}
-
 impl AttachmentService {
    pub fn from_env(env: &LocalEnv) -> Self {
-        let path = Utf8PathBuf::from_path_buf(env.base_data_dir.clone())
-            .unwrap()
-            .join("attachments.json");
+        let path = env.base_data_dir.join("attachments.json");

        // Makes no sense to construct this if pageservers aren't going to use it: assume
        // pageservers have control plane API set
@@ -192,43 +49,11 @@ impl AttachmentService {
            listen_url.port().unwrap()
        );

-        // Convention: NeonEnv in python tests reserves the next port after the control_plane_api
-        // port, for use by our captive postgres.
-        let postgres_port = listen_url
-            .port()
-            .expect("Control plane API setting should always have a port")
-            + 1;
-
-        // Assume all pageservers have symmetric auth configuration: this service
-        // expects to use one JWT token to talk to all of them.
-        let ps_conf = env
-            .pageservers
-            .first()
-            .expect("Config is validated to contain at least one pageserver");
-        let (jwt_token, public_key_path) = match ps_conf.http_auth_type {
-            AuthType::Trust => (None, None),
-            AuthType::NeonJWT => {
-                let jwt_token = env
-                    .generate_auth_token(&Claims::new(None, Scope::PageServerApi))
-                    .unwrap();
-
-                // If pageserver auth is enabled, this implicitly enables auth for this service,
-                // using the same credentials.
-                let public_key_path =
-                    camino::Utf8PathBuf::try_from(env.base_data_dir.join("auth_public_key.pem"))
-                        .unwrap();
-                (Some(jwt_token), Some(public_key_path))
-            }
-        };
-
        Self {
            env: env.clone(),
            path,
            listen,
-            jwt_token,
-            public_key_path,
-            postgres_port,
-            client: reqwest::ClientBuilder::new()
+            client: reqwest::blocking::ClientBuilder::new()
                .build()
                .expect("Failed to construct http client"),
        }
@@ -239,420 +64,74 @@ impl AttachmentService {
            .expect("non-Unicode path")
    }

-    /// PIDFile for the postgres instance used to store attachment service state
-    fn postgres_pid_file(&self) -> Utf8PathBuf {
-        Utf8PathBuf::from_path_buf(
-            self.env
-                .base_data_dir
-                .join("attachment_service_postgres.pid"),
-        )
-        .expect("non-Unicode path")
-    }
-
-    /// In order to access database migrations, we need to find the Neon source tree
-    async fn find_source_root(&self) -> anyhow::Result<Utf8PathBuf> {
-        // We assume that either prd or our binary is in the source tree. The former is usually
-        // true for automated test runners, the latter is usually true for developer workstations. Often
-        // both are true, which is fine.
-        let candidate_start_points = [
-            // Current working directory
-            Utf8PathBuf::from_path_buf(std::env::current_dir()?).unwrap(),
-            // Directory containing the binary we're running inside
-            Utf8PathBuf::from_path_buf(env::current_exe()?.parent().unwrap().to_owned()).unwrap(),
-        ];
-
-        // For each candidate start point, search through ancestors looking for a neon.git source tree root
-        for start_point in &candidate_start_points {
-            // Start from the build dir: assumes we are running out of a built neon source tree
-            for path in start_point.ancestors() {
-                // A crude approximation: the root of the source tree is whatever contains a "control_plane"
-                // subdirectory.
-                let control_plane = path.join("control_plane");
-                if tokio::fs::try_exists(&control_plane).await? {
-                    return Ok(path.to_owned());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Fall-through
-        Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
-            "Could not find control_plane src dir, after searching ancestors of {candidate_start_points:?}"
-        ))
-    }
-
-    /// Find the directory containing postgres binaries, such as `initdb` and `pg_ctl`
-    ///
-    /// This usually uses ATTACHMENT_SERVICE_POSTGRES_VERSION of postgres, but will fall back
-    /// to other versions if that one isn't found.  Some automated tests create circumstances
-    /// where only one version is available in pg_distrib_dir, such as `test_remote_extensions`.
-    pub async fn get_pg_bin_dir(&self) -> anyhow::Result<Utf8PathBuf> {
-        let prefer_versions = [ATTACHMENT_SERVICE_POSTGRES_VERSION, 15, 14];
-
-        for v in prefer_versions {
-            let path = Utf8PathBuf::from_path_buf(self.env.pg_bin_dir(v)?).unwrap();
-            if tokio::fs::try_exists(&path).await? {
-                return Ok(path);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Fall through
-        anyhow::bail!(
-            "Postgres binaries not found in {}",
-            self.env.pg_distrib_dir.display()
-        );
-    }
-
-    /// Readiness check for our postgres process
-    async fn pg_isready(&self, pg_bin_dir: &Utf8Path) -> anyhow::Result<bool> {
-        let bin_path = pg_bin_dir.join("pg_isready");
-        let args = ["-h", "localhost", "-p", &format!("{}", self.postgres_port)];
-        let exitcode = Command::new(bin_path).args(args).spawn()?.wait().await?;
-
-        Ok(exitcode.success())
-    }
-
-    /// Create our database if it doesn't exist, and run migrations.
-    ///
-    /// This function is equivalent to the `diesel setup` command in the diesel CLI.  We implement
-    /// the same steps by hand to avoid imposing a dependency on installing diesel-cli for developers
-    /// who just want to run `cargo neon_local` without knowing about diesel.
-    ///
-    /// Returns the database url
-    pub async fn setup_database(&self) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
-        let database_url = format!(
-            "postgresql://localhost:{}/attachment_service",
-            self.postgres_port
-        );
-        println!("Running attachment service database setup...");
-        fn change_database_of_url(database_url: &str, default_database: &str) -> (String, String) {
-            let base = ::url::Url::parse(database_url).unwrap();
-            let database = base.path_segments().unwrap().last().unwrap().to_owned();
-            let mut new_url = base.join(default_database).unwrap();
-            new_url.set_query(base.query());
-            (database, new_url.into())
-        }
-
-        #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-        pub struct CreateDatabaseStatement {
-            db_name: String,
-        }
-
-        impl CreateDatabaseStatement {
-            pub fn new(db_name: &str) -> Self {
-                CreateDatabaseStatement {
-                    db_name: db_name.to_owned(),
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        impl<DB: Backend> QueryFragment<DB> for CreateDatabaseStatement {
-            fn walk_ast<'b>(&'b self, mut out: AstPass<'_, 'b, DB>) -> QueryResult<()> {
-                out.push_sql("CREATE DATABASE ");
-                out.push_identifier(&self.db_name)?;
-                Ok(())
-            }
-        }
-
-        impl<Conn> RunQueryDsl<Conn> for CreateDatabaseStatement {}
-
-        impl QueryId for CreateDatabaseStatement {
-            type QueryId = ();
-
-            const HAS_STATIC_QUERY_ID: bool = false;
-        }
-        if PgConnection::establish(&database_url).is_err() {
-            let (database, postgres_url) = change_database_of_url(&database_url, "postgres");
-            println!("Creating database: {database}");
-            let mut conn = PgConnection::establish(&postgres_url)?;
-            CreateDatabaseStatement::new(&database).execute(&mut conn)?;
-        }
-        let mut conn = PgConnection::establish(&database_url)?;
-
-        let migrations_dir = self
-            .find_source_root()
-            .await?
-            .join("control_plane/attachment_service/migrations");
-
-        let migrations = diesel_migrations::FileBasedMigrations::from_path(migrations_dir)?;
-        println!("Running migrations in {}", migrations.path().display());
-        HarnessWithOutput::write_to_stdout(&mut conn)
-            .run_pending_migrations(migrations)
-            .map(|_| ())
-            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!(e))?;
-
-        println!("Migrations complete");
-
-        Ok(database_url)
-    }
-
-    pub async fn start(&self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        // Start a vanilla Postgres process used by the attachment service for persistence.
-        let pg_data_path = Utf8PathBuf::from_path_buf(self.env.base_data_dir.clone())
-            .unwrap()
-            .join("attachment_service_db");
-        let pg_bin_dir = self.get_pg_bin_dir().await?;
-        let pg_log_path = pg_data_path.join("postgres.log");
-
-        if !tokio::fs::try_exists(&pg_data_path).await? {
-            // Initialize empty database
-            let initdb_path = pg_bin_dir.join("initdb");
-            let mut child = Command::new(&initdb_path)
-                .args(["-D", pg_data_path.as_ref()])
-                .spawn()
-                .expect("Failed to spawn initdb");
-            let status = child.wait().await?;
-            if !status.success() {
-                anyhow::bail!("initdb failed with status {status}");
-            }
-
-            tokio::fs::write(
-                &pg_data_path.join("postgresql.conf"),
-                format!("port = {}", self.postgres_port),
-            )
-            .await?;
-        };
-
-        println!("Starting attachment service database...");
-        let db_start_args = [
-            "-w",
-            "-D",
-            pg_data_path.as_ref(),
-            "-l",
-            pg_log_path.as_ref(),
-            "start",
-        ];
-
-        background_process::start_process(
-            "attachment_service_db",
-            &self.env.base_data_dir,
-            pg_bin_dir.join("pg_ctl").as_std_path(),
-            db_start_args,
-            [],
-            background_process::InitialPidFile::Create(self.postgres_pid_file()),
-            || self.pg_isready(&pg_bin_dir),
-        )
-        .await?;
-
-        // Run migrations on every startup, in case something changed.
-        let database_url = self.setup_database().await?;
-
-        let mut args = vec![
-            "-l",
-            &self.listen,
-            "-p",
-            self.path.as_ref(),
-            "--database-url",
-            &database_url,
-        ]
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|s| s.to_string())
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        if let Some(jwt_token) = &self.jwt_token {
-            args.push(format!("--jwt-token={jwt_token}"));
-        }
-
-        if let Some(public_key_path) = &self.public_key_path {
-            args.push(format!("--public-key={public_key_path}"));
-        }
+    pub fn start(&self) -> anyhow::Result<Child> {
+        let path_str = self.path.to_string_lossy();

        background_process::start_process(
            COMMAND,
            &self.env.base_data_dir,
            &self.env.attachment_service_bin(),
-            args,
-            [(
-                "NEON_REPO_DIR".to_string(),
-                self.env.base_data_dir.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
-            )],
-            background_process::InitialPidFile::Create(self.pid_file()),
-            || async {
-                match self.status().await {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(true),
-                    Err(_) => Ok(false),
-                }
-            },
+            ["-l", &self.listen, "-p", &path_str],
+            [],
+            background_process::InitialPidFile::Create(&self.pid_file()),
+            // TODO: a real status check
+            || Ok(true),
        )
-        .await?;
-
-        Ok(())
    }

-    pub async fn stop(&self, immediate: bool) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        background_process::stop_process(immediate, COMMAND, &self.pid_file())?;
-
-        let pg_data_path = self.env.base_data_dir.join("attachment_service_db");
-        let pg_bin_dir = self.get_pg_bin_dir().await?;
-
-        println!("Stopping attachment service database...");
-        let pg_stop_args = ["-D", &pg_data_path.to_string_lossy(), "stop"];
-        let stop_status = Command::new(pg_bin_dir.join("pg_ctl"))
-            .args(pg_stop_args)
-            .spawn()?
-            .wait()
-            .await?;
-        if !stop_status.success() {
-            let pg_status_args = ["-D", &pg_data_path.to_string_lossy(), "status"];
-            let status_exitcode = Command::new(pg_bin_dir.join("pg_ctl"))
-                .args(pg_status_args)
-                .spawn()?
-                .wait()
-                .await?;
-
-            // pg_ctl status returns this exit code if postgres is not running: in this case it is
-            // fine that stop failed.  Otherwise it is an error that stop failed.
-            const PG_STATUS_NOT_RUNNING: i32 = 3;
-            if Some(PG_STATUS_NOT_RUNNING) == status_exitcode.code() {
-                println!("Attachment service data base is already stopped");
-                return Ok(());
-            } else {
-                anyhow::bail!("Failed to stop attachment service database: {stop_status}")
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
+    pub fn stop(&self, immediate: bool) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        background_process::stop_process(immediate, COMMAND, &self.pid_file())
    }

-    /// Simple HTTP request wrapper for calling into attachment service
-    async fn dispatch<RQ, RS>(
+    /// Call into the attach_hook API, for use before handing out attachments to pageservers
+    pub fn attach_hook(
        &self,
-        method: hyper::Method,
-        path: String,
-        body: Option<RQ>,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<RS>
-    where
-        RQ: Serialize + Sized,
-        RS: DeserializeOwned + Sized,
-    {
+        tenant_id: TenantId,
+        pageserver_id: NodeId,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<Option<u32>> {
+        use hyper::StatusCode;
+
        let url = self
            .env
            .control_plane_api
            .clone()
            .unwrap()
-            .join(&path)
+            .join("attach-hook")
            .unwrap();

-        let mut builder = self.client.request(method, url);
-        if let Some(body) = body {
-            builder = builder.json(&body)
-        }
-        if let Some(jwt_token) = &self.jwt_token {
-            builder = builder.header(
-                reqwest::header::AUTHORIZATION,
-                format!("Bearer {jwt_token}"),
-            );
-        }
-
-        let response = builder.send().await?;
-        let response = response.error_from_body().await?;
-
-        Ok(response
-            .json()
-            .await
-            .map_err(pageserver_client::mgmt_api::Error::ReceiveBody)?)
-    }
-
-    /// Call into the attach_hook API, for use before handing out attachments to pageservers
-    #[instrument(skip(self))]
-    pub async fn attach_hook(
-        &self,
-        tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-        pageserver_id: NodeId,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<Option<u32>> {
        let request = AttachHookRequest {
-            tenant_shard_id,
+            tenant_id,
            node_id: Some(pageserver_id),
        };

-        let response = self
-            .dispatch::<_, AttachHookResponse>(
-                Method::POST,
-                "attach-hook".to_string(),
-                Some(request),
-            )
-            .await?;
+        let response = self.client.post(url).json(&request).send()?;
+        if response.status() != StatusCode::OK {
+            return Err(anyhow!("Unexpected status {}", response.status()));
+        }

+        let response = response.json::<AttachHookResponse>()?;
        Ok(response.gen)
    }

-    #[instrument(skip(self))]
-    pub async fn inspect(
-        &self,
-        tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<Option<(u32, NodeId)>> {
-        let request = InspectRequest { tenant_shard_id };
+    pub fn inspect(&self, tenant_id: TenantId) -> anyhow::Result<Option<(u32, NodeId)>> {
+        use hyper::StatusCode;

-        let response = self
-            .dispatch::<_, InspectResponse>(Method::POST, "inspect".to_string(), Some(request))
-            .await?;
+        let url = self
+            .env
+            .control_plane_api
+            .clone()
+            .unwrap()
+            .join("inspect")
+            .unwrap();

+        let request = InspectRequest { tenant_id };
+
+        let response = self.client.post(url).json(&request).send()?;
+        if response.status() != StatusCode::OK {
+            return Err(anyhow!("Unexpected status {}", response.status()));
+        }
+
+        let response = response.json::<InspectResponse>()?;
        Ok(response.attachment)
    }
-
-    #[instrument(skip(self))]
-    pub async fn tenant_create(
-        &self,
-        req: TenantCreateRequest,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<TenantCreateResponse> {
-        self.dispatch(Method::POST, "v1/tenant".to_string(), Some(req))
-            .await
-    }
-
-    #[instrument(skip(self))]
-    pub async fn tenant_locate(&self, tenant_id: TenantId) -> anyhow::Result<TenantLocateResponse> {
-        self.dispatch::<(), _>(Method::GET, format!("tenant/{tenant_id}/locate"), None)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    #[instrument(skip(self))]
-    pub async fn tenant_migrate(
-        &self,
-        tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-        node_id: NodeId,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<TenantShardMigrateResponse> {
-        self.dispatch(
-            Method::PUT,
-            format!("tenant/{tenant_shard_id}/migrate"),
-            Some(TenantShardMigrateRequest {
-                tenant_shard_id,
-                node_id,
-            }),
-        )
-        .await
-    }
-
-    #[instrument(skip_all, fields(node_id=%req.node_id))]
-    pub async fn node_register(&self, req: NodeRegisterRequest) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        self.dispatch::<_, ()>(Method::POST, "node".to_string(), Some(req))
-            .await
-    }
-
-    #[instrument(skip_all, fields(node_id=%req.node_id))]
-    pub async fn node_configure(&self, req: NodeConfigureRequest) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        self.dispatch::<_, ()>(
-            Method::PUT,
-            format!("node/{}/config", req.node_id),
-            Some(req),
-        )
-        .await
-    }
-
-    #[instrument(skip(self))]
-    pub async fn status(&self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        self.dispatch::<(), ()>(Method::GET, "status".to_string(), None)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    #[instrument(skip_all, fields(%tenant_id, timeline_id=%req.new_timeline_id))]
-    pub async fn tenant_timeline_create(
-        &self,
-        tenant_id: TenantId,
-        req: TimelineCreateRequest,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<TimelineInfo> {
-        self.dispatch(
-            Method::POST,
-            format!("v1/tenant/{tenant_id}/timeline"),
-            Some(req),
-        )
-        .await
-    }
 }
--- a/control_plane/src/background_process.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/background_process.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use std::io::Write;
 use std::os::unix::prelude::AsRawFd;
 use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
 use std::path::Path;
-use std::process::Command;
+use std::process::{Child, Command};
 use std::time::Duration;
 use std::{fs, io, thread};

@@ -44,15 +44,15 @@ const NOTICE_AFTER_RETRIES: u64 = 50;

 /// Argument to `start_process`, to indicate whether it should create pidfile or if the process creates
 /// it itself.
-pub enum InitialPidFile {
+pub enum InitialPidFile<'t> {
    /// Create a pidfile, to allow future CLI invocations to manipulate the process.
-    Create(Utf8PathBuf),
+    Create(&'t Utf8Path),
    /// The process will create the pidfile itself, need to wait for that event.
-    Expect(Utf8PathBuf),
+    Expect(&'t Utf8Path),
 }

 /// Start a background child process using the parameters given.
-pub async fn start_process<F, Fut, AI, A, EI>(
+pub fn start_process<F, AI, A, EI>(
    process_name: &str,
    datadir: &Path,
    command: &Path,
@@ -60,10 +60,9 @@ pub async fn start_process<F, Fut, AI, A, EI>(
    envs: EI,
    initial_pid_file: InitialPidFile,
    process_status_check: F,
-) -> anyhow::Result<()>
+) -> anyhow::Result<Child>
 where
-    F: Fn() -> Fut,
-    Fut: std::future::Future<Output = anyhow::Result<bool>>,
+    F: Fn() -> anyhow::Result<bool>,
    AI: IntoIterator<Item = A>,
    A: AsRef<OsStr>,
    // Not generic AsRef<OsStr>, otherwise empty `envs` prevents type inference
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ where
    let filled_cmd = fill_remote_storage_secrets_vars(fill_rust_env_vars(background_command));
    filled_cmd.envs(envs);

-    let pid_file_to_check = match &initial_pid_file {
+    let pid_file_to_check = match initial_pid_file {
        InitialPidFile::Create(path) => {
            pre_exec_create_pidfile(filled_cmd, path);
            path
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ where
        InitialPidFile::Expect(path) => path,
    };

-    let spawned_process = filled_cmd.spawn().with_context(|| {
+    let mut spawned_process = filled_cmd.spawn().with_context(|| {
        format!("Could not spawn {process_name}, see console output and log files for details.")
    })?;
    let pid = spawned_process.id();
@@ -106,26 +105,12 @@ where
        i32::try_from(pid)
            .with_context(|| format!("Subprocess {process_name} has invalid pid {pid}"))?,
    );
-    // set up a scopeguard to kill & wait for the child in case we panic or bail below
-    let spawned_process = scopeguard::guard(spawned_process, |mut spawned_process| {
-        println!("SIGKILL & wait the started process");
-        (|| {
-            // TODO: use another signal that can be caught by the child so it can clean up any children it spawned (e..g, walredo).
-            spawned_process.kill().context("SIGKILL child")?;
-            spawned_process.wait().context("wait() for child process")?;
-            anyhow::Ok(())
-        })()
-        .with_context(|| format!("scopeguard kill&wait child {process_name:?}"))
-        .unwrap();
-    });

    for retries in 0..RETRIES {
-        match process_started(pid, pid_file_to_check, &process_status_check).await {
+        match process_started(pid, Some(pid_file_to_check), &process_status_check) {
            Ok(true) => {
-                println!("\n{process_name} started and passed status check, pid: {pid}");
-                // leak the child process, it'll outlive this neon_local invocation
-                drop(scopeguard::ScopeGuard::into_inner(spawned_process));
-                return Ok(());
+                println!("\n{process_name} started, pid: {pid}");
+                return Ok(spawned_process);
            }
            Ok(false) => {
                if retries == NOTICE_AFTER_RETRIES {
@@ -140,15 +125,16 @@ where
                thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(RETRY_INTERVAL_MILLIS));
            }
            Err(e) => {
-                println!("error starting process {process_name:?}: {e:#}");
+                println!("{process_name} failed to start: {e:#}");
+                if let Err(e) = spawned_process.kill() {
+                    println!("Could not stop {process_name} subprocess: {e:#}")
+                };
                return Err(e);
            }
        }
    }
    println!();
-    anyhow::bail!(
-        "{process_name} did not start+pass status checks within {RETRY_UNTIL_SECS} seconds"
-    );
+    anyhow::bail!("{process_name} did not start in {RETRY_UNTIL_SECS} seconds");
 }

 /// Stops the process, using the pid file given. Returns Ok also if the process is already not running.
@@ -330,20 +316,22 @@ where
    cmd
 }

-async fn process_started<F, Fut>(
+fn process_started<F>(
    pid: Pid,
-    pid_file_to_check: &Utf8Path,
+    pid_file_to_check: Option<&Utf8Path>,
    status_check: &F,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<bool>
 where
-    F: Fn() -> Fut,
-    Fut: std::future::Future<Output = anyhow::Result<bool>>,
+    F: Fn() -> anyhow::Result<bool>,
 {
-    match status_check().await {
-        Ok(true) => match pid_file::read(pid_file_to_check)? {
-            PidFileRead::NotExist => Ok(false),
-            PidFileRead::LockedByOtherProcess(pid_in_file) => Ok(pid_in_file == pid),
-            PidFileRead::NotHeldByAnyProcess(_) => Ok(false),
+    match status_check() {
+        Ok(true) => match pid_file_to_check {
+            Some(pid_file_path) => match pid_file::read(pid_file_path)? {
+                PidFileRead::NotExist => Ok(false),
+                PidFileRead::LockedByOtherProcess(pid_in_file) => Ok(pid_in_file == pid),
+                PidFileRead::NotHeldByAnyProcess(_) => Ok(false),
+            },
+            None => Ok(true),
        },
        Ok(false) => Ok(false),
        Err(e) => anyhow::bail!("process failed to start: {e}"),
--- a/control_plane/src/bin/attachment_service.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/bin/attachment_service.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+/// The attachment service mimics the aspects of the control plane API
+/// that are required for a pageserver to operate.
+///
+/// This enables running & testing pageservers without a full-blown
+/// deployment of the Neon cloud platform.
+///
+use anyhow::anyhow;
+use clap::Parser;
+use hex::FromHex;
+use hyper::StatusCode;
+use hyper::{Body, Request, Response};
+use pageserver_api::shard::TenantShardId;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::Arc};
+use utils::http::endpoint::request_span;
+use utils::logging::{self, LogFormat};
+use utils::signals::{ShutdownSignals, Signal};
+
+use utils::{
+    http::{
+        endpoint::{self},
+        error::ApiError,
+        json::{json_request, json_response},
+        RequestExt, RouterBuilder,
+    },
+    id::{NodeId, TenantId},
+    tcp_listener,
+};
+
+use pageserver_api::control_api::{
+    ReAttachRequest, ReAttachResponse, ReAttachResponseTenant, ValidateRequest, ValidateResponse,
+    ValidateResponseTenant,
+};
+
+use control_plane::attachment_service::{
+    AttachHookRequest, AttachHookResponse, InspectRequest, InspectResponse,
+};
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
+#[command(author, version, about, long_about = None)]
+#[command(arg_required_else_help(true))]
+struct Cli {
+    /// Host and port to listen on, like `127.0.0.1:1234`
+    #[arg(short, long)]
+    listen: std::net::SocketAddr,
+
+    /// Path to the .json file to store state (will be created if it doesn't exist)
+    #[arg(short, long)]
+    path: PathBuf,
+}
+
+// The persistent state of each Tenant
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+struct TenantState {
+    // Currently attached pageserver
+    pageserver: Option<NodeId>,
+
+    // Latest generation number: next time we attach, increment this
+    // and use the incremented number when attaching
+    generation: u32,
+}
+
+fn to_hex_map<S, V>(input: &HashMap<TenantId, V>, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+where
+    S: serde::Serializer,
+    V: Clone + Serialize,
+{
+    let transformed = input.iter().map(|(k, v)| (hex::encode(k), v.clone()));
+
+    transformed
+        .collect::<HashMap<String, V>>()
+        .serialize(serializer)
+}
+
+fn from_hex_map<'de, D, V>(deserializer: D) -> Result<HashMap<TenantId, V>, D::Error>
+where
+    D: serde::de::Deserializer<'de>,
+    V: Deserialize<'de>,
+{
+    let hex_map = HashMap::<String, V>::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+    hex_map
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(k, v)| {
+            TenantId::from_hex(k)
+                .map(|k| (k, v))
+                .map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+// Top level state available to all HTTP handlers
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+struct PersistentState {
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "to_hex_map", deserialize_with = "from_hex_map")]
+    tenants: HashMap<TenantId, TenantState>,
+
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    path: PathBuf,
+}
+
+impl PersistentState {
+    async fn save(&self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let bytes = serde_json::to_vec(self)?;
+        tokio::fs::write(&self.path, &bytes).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn load(path: &Path) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        let bytes = tokio::fs::read(path).await?;
+        let mut decoded = serde_json::from_slice::<Self>(&bytes)?;
+        decoded.path = path.to_owned();
+        Ok(decoded)
+    }
+
+    async fn load_or_new(path: &Path) -> Self {
+        match Self::load(path).await {
+            Ok(s) => {
+                tracing::info!("Loaded state file at {}", path.display());
+                s
+            }
+            Err(e)
+                if e.downcast_ref::<std::io::Error>()
+                    .map(|e| e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound)
+                    .unwrap_or(false) =>
+            {
+                tracing::info!("Will create state file at {}", path.display());
+                Self {
+                    tenants: HashMap::new(),
+                    path: path.to_owned(),
+                }
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                panic!("Failed to load state from '{}': {e:#} (maybe your .neon/ dir was written by an older version?)", path.display())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// State available to HTTP request handlers
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct State {
+    inner: Arc<tokio::sync::RwLock<PersistentState>>,
+}
+
+impl State {
+    fn new(persistent_state: PersistentState) -> State {
+        Self {
+            inner: Arc::new(tokio::sync::RwLock::new(persistent_state)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
+fn get_state(request: &Request<Body>) -> &State {
+    request
+        .data::<Arc<State>>()
+        .expect("unknown state type")
+        .as_ref()
+}
+
+/// Pageserver calls into this on startup, to learn which tenants it should attach
+async fn handle_re_attach(mut req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+    let reattach_req = json_request::<ReAttachRequest>(&mut req).await?;
+
+    let state = get_state(&req).inner.clone();
+    let mut locked = state.write().await;
+
+    let mut response = ReAttachResponse {
+        tenants: Vec::new(),
+    };
+    for (t, state) in &mut locked.tenants {
+        if state.pageserver == Some(reattach_req.node_id) {
+            state.generation += 1;
+            response.tenants.push(ReAttachResponseTenant {
+                // TODO(sharding): make this shard-aware
+                id: TenantShardId::unsharded(*t),
+                gen: state.generation,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    locked.save().await.map_err(ApiError::InternalServerError)?;
+
+    json_response(StatusCode::OK, response)
+}
+
+/// Pageserver calls into this before doing deletions, to confirm that it still
+/// holds the latest generation for the tenants with deletions enqueued
+async fn handle_validate(mut req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+    let validate_req = json_request::<ValidateRequest>(&mut req).await?;
+
+    let locked = get_state(&req).inner.read().await;
+
+    let mut response = ValidateResponse {
+        tenants: Vec::new(),
+    };
+
+    for req_tenant in validate_req.tenants {
+        // TODO(sharding): make this shard-aware
+        if let Some(tenant_state) = locked.tenants.get(&req_tenant.id.tenant_id) {
+            let valid = tenant_state.generation == req_tenant.gen;
+            tracing::info!(
+                "handle_validate: {}(gen {}): valid={valid} (latest {})",
+                req_tenant.id,
+                req_tenant.gen,
+                tenant_state.generation
+            );
+            response.tenants.push(ValidateResponseTenant {
+                id: req_tenant.id,
+                valid,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    json_response(StatusCode::OK, response)
+}
+/// Call into this before attaching a tenant to a pageserver, to acquire a generation number
+/// (in the real control plane this is unnecessary, because the same program is managing
+///  generation numbers and doing attachments).
+async fn handle_attach_hook(mut req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+    let attach_req = json_request::<AttachHookRequest>(&mut req).await?;
+
+    let state = get_state(&req).inner.clone();
+    let mut locked = state.write().await;
+
+    let tenant_state = locked
+        .tenants
+        .entry(attach_req.tenant_id)
+        .or_insert_with(|| TenantState {
+            pageserver: attach_req.node_id,
+            generation: 0,
+        });
+
+    if let Some(attaching_pageserver) = attach_req.node_id.as_ref() {
+        tenant_state.generation += 1;
+        tracing::info!(
+            tenant_id = %attach_req.tenant_id,
+            ps_id = %attaching_pageserver,
+            generation = %tenant_state.generation,
+            "issuing",
+        );
+    } else if let Some(ps_id) = tenant_state.pageserver {
+        tracing::info!(
+            tenant_id = %attach_req.tenant_id,
+            %ps_id,
+            generation = %tenant_state.generation,
+            "dropping",
+        );
+    } else {
+        tracing::info!(
+            tenant_id = %attach_req.tenant_id,
+            "no-op: tenant already has no pageserver");
+    }
+    tenant_state.pageserver = attach_req.node_id;
+    let generation = tenant_state.generation;
+
+    tracing::info!(
+        "handle_attach_hook: tenant {} set generation {}, pageserver {}",
+        attach_req.tenant_id,
+        tenant_state.generation,
+        attach_req.node_id.unwrap_or(utils::id::NodeId(0xfffffff))
+    );
+
+    locked.save().await.map_err(ApiError::InternalServerError)?;
+
+    json_response(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AttachHookResponse {
+            gen: attach_req.node_id.map(|_| generation),
+        },
+    )
+}
+
+async fn handle_inspect(mut req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+    let inspect_req = json_request::<InspectRequest>(&mut req).await?;
+
+    let state = get_state(&req).inner.clone();
+    let locked = state.write().await;
+    let tenant_state = locked.tenants.get(&inspect_req.tenant_id);
+
+    json_response(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        InspectResponse {
+            attachment: tenant_state.and_then(|s| s.pageserver.map(|ps| (s.generation, ps))),
+        },
+    )
+}
+
+fn make_router(persistent_state: PersistentState) -> RouterBuilder<hyper::Body, ApiError> {
+    endpoint::make_router()
+        .data(Arc::new(State::new(persistent_state)))
+        .post("/re-attach", |r| request_span(r, handle_re_attach))
+        .post("/validate", |r| request_span(r, handle_validate))
+        .post("/attach-hook", |r| request_span(r, handle_attach_hook))
+        .post("/inspect", |r| request_span(r, handle_inspect))
+}
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    logging::init(
+        LogFormat::Plain,
+        logging::TracingErrorLayerEnablement::Disabled,
+        logging::Output::Stdout,
+    )?;
+
+    let args = Cli::parse();
+    tracing::info!(
+        "Starting, state at {}, listening on {}",
+        args.path.to_string_lossy(),
+        args.listen
+    );
+
+    let persistent_state = PersistentState::load_or_new(&args.path).await;
+
+    let http_listener = tcp_listener::bind(args.listen)?;
+    let router = make_router(persistent_state)
+        .build()
+        .map_err(|err| anyhow!(err))?;
+    let service = utils::http::RouterService::new(router).unwrap();
+    let server = hyper::Server::from_tcp(http_listener)?.serve(service);
+
+    tracing::info!("Serving on {0}", args.listen);
+
+    tokio::task::spawn(server);
+
+    ShutdownSignals::handle(|signal| match signal {
+        Signal::Interrupt | Signal::Terminate | Signal::Quit => {
+            tracing::info!("Got {}. Terminating", signal.name());
+            // We're just a test helper: no graceful shutdown.
+            std::process::exit(0);
+        }
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/control_plane/src/bin/neon_local.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/bin/neon_local.rs
@@ -6,26 +6,21 @@
 //! rely on `neon_local` to set up the environment for each test.
 //!
 use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context, Result};
-use clap::{value_parser, Arg, ArgAction, ArgMatches, Command, ValueEnum};
+use clap::{value_parser, Arg, ArgAction, ArgMatches, Command};
 use compute_api::spec::ComputeMode;
-use control_plane::attachment_service::{
-    AttachmentService, NodeAvailability, NodeConfigureRequest, NodeSchedulingPolicy,
-};
+use control_plane::attachment_service::AttachmentService;
 use control_plane::endpoint::ComputeControlPlane;
-use control_plane::local_env::{InitForceMode, LocalEnv};
+use control_plane::local_env::LocalEnv;
 use control_plane::pageserver::{PageServerNode, PAGESERVER_REMOTE_STORAGE_DIR};
 use control_plane::safekeeper::SafekeeperNode;
+use control_plane::tenant_migration::migrate_tenant;
 use control_plane::{broker, local_env};
-use pageserver_api::models::{
-    ShardParameters, TenantCreateRequest, TimelineCreateRequest, TimelineInfo,
-};
-use pageserver_api::shard::{ShardCount, ShardStripeSize, TenantShardId};
+use pageserver_api::models::TimelineInfo;
 use pageserver_api::{
    DEFAULT_HTTP_LISTEN_PORT as DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_HTTP_PORT,
    DEFAULT_PG_LISTEN_PORT as DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_PG_PORT,
 };
 use postgres_backend::AuthType;
-use postgres_connection::parse_host_port;
 use safekeeper_api::{
    DEFAULT_HTTP_LISTEN_PORT as DEFAULT_SAFEKEEPER_HTTP_PORT,
    DEFAULT_PG_LISTEN_PORT as DEFAULT_SAFEKEEPER_PG_PORT,
@@ -35,7 +30,6 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::process::exit;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 use storage_broker::DEFAULT_LISTEN_ADDR as DEFAULT_BROKER_ADDR;
-use url::Host;
 use utils::{
    auth::{Claims, Scope},
    id::{NodeId, TenantId, TenantTimelineId, TimelineId},
@@ -126,20 +120,15 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
        let mut env = LocalEnv::load_config().context("Error loading config")?;
        let original_env = env.clone();

-        let rt = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
-            .enable_all()
-            .build()
-            .unwrap();
-
        let subcommand_result = match sub_name {
-            "tenant" => rt.block_on(handle_tenant(sub_args, &mut env)),
-            "timeline" => rt.block_on(handle_timeline(sub_args, &mut env)),
-            "start" => rt.block_on(handle_start_all(sub_args, &env)),
-            "stop" => rt.block_on(handle_stop_all(sub_args, &env)),
-            "pageserver" => rt.block_on(handle_pageserver(sub_args, &env)),
-            "attachment_service" => rt.block_on(handle_attachment_service(sub_args, &env)),
-            "safekeeper" => rt.block_on(handle_safekeeper(sub_args, &env)),
-            "endpoint" => rt.block_on(handle_endpoint(sub_args, &env)),
+            "tenant" => handle_tenant(sub_args, &mut env),
+            "timeline" => handle_timeline(sub_args, &mut env),
+            "start" => handle_start_all(sub_args, &env),
+            "stop" => handle_stop_all(sub_args, &env),
+            "pageserver" => handle_pageserver(sub_args, &env),
+            "attachment_service" => handle_attachment_service(sub_args, &env),
+            "safekeeper" => handle_safekeeper(sub_args, &env),
+            "endpoint" => handle_endpoint(sub_args, &env),
            "mappings" => handle_mappings(sub_args, &mut env),
            "pg" => bail!("'pg' subcommand has been renamed to 'endpoint'"),
            _ => bail!("unexpected subcommand {sub_name}"),
@@ -280,13 +269,12 @@ fn print_timeline(

 /// Returns a map of timeline IDs to timeline_id@lsn strings.
 /// Connects to the pageserver to query this information.
-async fn get_timeline_infos(
+fn get_timeline_infos(
    env: &local_env::LocalEnv,
-    tenant_shard_id: &TenantShardId,
+    tenant_id: &TenantId,
 ) -> Result<HashMap<TimelineId, TimelineInfo>> {
    Ok(get_default_pageserver(env)
-        .timeline_list(tenant_shard_id)
-        .await?
+        .timeline_list(tenant_id)?
        .into_iter()
        .map(|timeline_info| (timeline_info.timeline_id, timeline_info))
        .collect())
@@ -303,20 +291,6 @@ fn get_tenant_id(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> anyhow::R
    }
 }

-// Helper function to parse --tenant_id option, for commands that accept a shard suffix
-fn get_tenant_shard_id(
-    sub_match: &ArgMatches,
-    env: &local_env::LocalEnv,
-) -> anyhow::Result<TenantShardId> {
-    if let Some(tenant_id_from_arguments) = parse_tenant_shard_id(sub_match).transpose() {
-        tenant_id_from_arguments
-    } else if let Some(default_id) = env.default_tenant_id {
-        Ok(TenantShardId::unsharded(default_id))
-    } else {
-        anyhow::bail!("No tenant shard id. Use --tenant-id, or set a default tenant");
-    }
-}
-
 fn parse_tenant_id(sub_match: &ArgMatches) -> anyhow::Result<Option<TenantId>> {
    sub_match
        .get_one::<String>("tenant-id")
@@ -325,14 +299,6 @@ fn parse_tenant_id(sub_match: &ArgMatches) -> anyhow::Result<Option<TenantId>> {
        .context("Failed to parse tenant id from the argument string")
 }

-fn parse_tenant_shard_id(sub_match: &ArgMatches) -> anyhow::Result<Option<TenantShardId>> {
-    sub_match
-        .get_one::<String>("tenant-id")
-        .map(|id_str| TenantShardId::from_str(id_str))
-        .transpose()
-        .context("Failed to parse tenant shard id from the argument string")
-}
-
 fn parse_timeline_id(sub_match: &ArgMatches) -> anyhow::Result<Option<TimelineId>> {
    sub_match
        .get_one::<String>("timeline-id")
@@ -366,7 +332,7 @@ fn handle_init(init_match: &ArgMatches) -> anyhow::Result<LocalEnv> {

    let mut env =
        LocalEnv::parse_config(&toml_file).context("Failed to create neon configuration")?;
-    let force = init_match.get_one("force").expect("we set a default value");
+    let force = init_match.get_flag("force");
    env.init(pg_version, force)
        .context("Failed to initialize neon repository")?;

@@ -407,82 +373,52 @@ fn pageserver_config_overrides(init_match: &ArgMatches) -> Vec<&str> {
        .collect()
 }

-async fn handle_tenant(
-    tenant_match: &ArgMatches,
-    env: &mut local_env::LocalEnv,
-) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+fn handle_tenant(tenant_match: &ArgMatches, env: &mut local_env::LocalEnv) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let pageserver = get_default_pageserver(env);
    match tenant_match.subcommand() {
        Some(("list", _)) => {
-            for t in pageserver.tenant_list().await? {
+            for t in pageserver.tenant_list()? {
                println!("{} {:?}", t.id, t.state);
            }
        }
        Some(("create", create_match)) => {
            let tenant_conf: HashMap<_, _> = create_match
                .get_many::<String>("config")
-                .map(|vals: clap::parser::ValuesRef<'_, String>| {
-                    vals.flat_map(|c| c.split_once(':')).collect()
-                })
+                .map(|vals| vals.flat_map(|c| c.split_once(':')).collect())
                .unwrap_or_default();

-            let shard_count: u8 = create_match
-                .get_one::<u8>("shard-count")
-                .cloned()
-                .unwrap_or(0);
-
-            let shard_stripe_size: Option<u32> =
-                create_match.get_one::<u32>("shard-stripe-size").cloned();
-
-            let tenant_conf = PageServerNode::parse_config(tenant_conf)?;
-
            // If tenant ID was not specified, generate one
            let tenant_id = parse_tenant_id(create_match)?.unwrap_or_else(TenantId::generate);

-            // We must register the tenant with the attachment service, so
-            // that when the pageserver restarts, it will be re-attached.
-            let attachment_service = AttachmentService::from_env(env);
-            attachment_service
-                .tenant_create(TenantCreateRequest {
-                    // Note that ::unsharded here isn't actually because the tenant is unsharded, its because the
-                    // attachment service expecfs a shard-naive tenant_id in this attribute, and the TenantCreateRequest
-                    // type is used both in attachment service (for creating tenants) and in pageserver (for creating shards)
-                    new_tenant_id: TenantShardId::unsharded(tenant_id),
-                    generation: None,
-                    shard_parameters: ShardParameters {
-                        count: ShardCount(shard_count),
-                        stripe_size: shard_stripe_size
-                            .map(ShardStripeSize)
-                            .unwrap_or(ShardParameters::DEFAULT_STRIPE_SIZE),
-                    },
-                    config: tenant_conf,
-                })
-                .await?;
+            let generation = if env.control_plane_api.is_some() {
+                // We must register the tenant with the attachment service, so
+                // that when the pageserver restarts, it will be re-attached.
+                let attachment_service = AttachmentService::from_env(env);
+                attachment_service.attach_hook(tenant_id, pageserver.conf.id)?
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
+
+            pageserver.tenant_create(tenant_id, generation, tenant_conf)?;
            println!("tenant {tenant_id} successfully created on the pageserver");

            // Create an initial timeline for the new tenant
-            let new_timeline_id =
-                parse_timeline_id(create_match)?.unwrap_or(TimelineId::generate());
+            let new_timeline_id = parse_timeline_id(create_match)?;
            let pg_version = create_match
                .get_one::<u32>("pg-version")
                .copied()
                .context("Failed to parse postgres version from the argument string")?;

-            // FIXME: passing None for ancestor_start_lsn is not kosher in a sharded world: we can't have
-            // different shards picking different start lsns.  Maybe we have to teach attachment service
-            // to let shard 0 branch first and then propagate the chosen LSN to other shards.
-            attachment_service
-                .tenant_timeline_create(
-                    tenant_id,
-                    TimelineCreateRequest {
-                        new_timeline_id,
-                        ancestor_timeline_id: None,
-                        ancestor_start_lsn: None,
-                        existing_initdb_timeline_id: None,
-                        pg_version: Some(pg_version),
-                    },
-                )
-                .await?;
+            let timeline_info = pageserver.timeline_create(
+                tenant_id,
+                new_timeline_id,
+                None,
+                None,
+                Some(pg_version),
+                None,
+            )?;
+            let new_timeline_id = timeline_info.timeline_id;
+            let last_record_lsn = timeline_info.last_record_lsn;

            env.register_branch_mapping(
                DEFAULT_BRANCH_NAME.to_string(),
@@ -490,7 +426,9 @@ async fn handle_tenant(
                new_timeline_id,
            )?;

-            println!("Created an initial timeline '{new_timeline_id}' for tenant: {tenant_id}",);
+            println!(
+                "Created an initial timeline '{new_timeline_id}' at Lsn {last_record_lsn} for tenant: {tenant_id}",
+            );

            if create_match.get_flag("set-default") {
                println!("Setting tenant {tenant_id} as a default one");
@@ -512,84 +450,31 @@ async fn handle_tenant(

            pageserver
                .tenant_config(tenant_id, tenant_conf)
-                .await
                .with_context(|| format!("Tenant config failed for tenant with id {tenant_id}"))?;
            println!("tenant {tenant_id} successfully configured on the pageserver");
        }
        Some(("migrate", matches)) => {
-            let tenant_shard_id = get_tenant_shard_id(matches, env)?;
+            let tenant_id = get_tenant_id(matches, env)?;
            let new_pageserver = get_pageserver(env, matches)?;
            let new_pageserver_id = new_pageserver.conf.id;

-            let attachment_service = AttachmentService::from_env(env);
-            attachment_service
-                .tenant_migrate(tenant_shard_id, new_pageserver_id)
-                .await?;
-
-            println!("tenant {tenant_shard_id} migrated to {}", new_pageserver_id);
+            migrate_tenant(env, tenant_id, new_pageserver)?;
+            println!("tenant {tenant_id} migrated to {}", new_pageserver_id);
        }
-        Some(("status", matches)) => {
-            let tenant_id = get_tenant_id(matches, env)?;

-            let mut shard_table = comfy_table::Table::new();
-            shard_table.set_header(["Shard", "Pageserver", "Physical Size"]);
-
-            let mut tenant_synthetic_size = None;
-
-            let attachment_service = AttachmentService::from_env(env);
-            for shard in attachment_service.tenant_locate(tenant_id).await?.shards {
-                let pageserver =
-                    PageServerNode::from_env(env, env.get_pageserver_conf(shard.node_id)?);
-
-                let size = pageserver
-                    .http_client
-                    .tenant_details(shard.shard_id)
-                    .await?
-                    .tenant_info
-                    .current_physical_size
-                    .unwrap();
-
-                shard_table.add_row([
-                    format!("{}", shard.shard_id.shard_slug()),
-                    format!("{}", shard.node_id.0),
-                    format!("{} MiB", size / (1024 * 1024)),
-                ]);
-
-                if shard.shard_id.is_zero() {
-                    tenant_synthetic_size =
-                        Some(pageserver.tenant_synthetic_size(shard.shard_id).await?);
-                }
-            }
-
-            let Some(synthetic_size) = tenant_synthetic_size else {
-                bail!("Shard 0 not found")
-            };
-
-            let mut tenant_table = comfy_table::Table::new();
-            tenant_table.add_row(["Tenant ID".to_string(), tenant_id.to_string()]);
-            tenant_table.add_row([
-                "Synthetic size".to_string(),
-                format!("{} MiB", synthetic_size.size.unwrap_or(0) / (1024 * 1024)),
-            ]);
-
-            println!("{tenant_table}");
-            println!("{shard_table}");
-        }
        Some((sub_name, _)) => bail!("Unexpected tenant subcommand '{}'", sub_name),
        None => bail!("no tenant subcommand provided"),
    }
    Ok(())
 }

-async fn handle_timeline(timeline_match: &ArgMatches, env: &mut local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<()> {
+fn handle_timeline(timeline_match: &ArgMatches, env: &mut local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<()> {
    let pageserver = get_default_pageserver(env);

    match timeline_match.subcommand() {
        Some(("list", list_match)) => {
-            // TODO(sharding): this command shouldn't have to specify a shard ID: we should ask the attachment service
-            // where shard 0 is attached, and query there.
-            let tenant_shard_id = get_tenant_shard_id(list_match, env)?;
-            let timelines = pageserver.timeline_list(&tenant_shard_id).await?;
+            let tenant_id = get_tenant_id(list_match, env)?;
+            let timelines = pageserver.timeline_list(&tenant_id)?;
            print_timelines_tree(timelines, env.timeline_name_mappings())?;
        }
        Some(("create", create_match)) => {
@@ -604,19 +489,16 @@ async fn handle_timeline(timeline_match: &ArgMatches, env: &mut local_env::Local
                .context("Failed to parse postgres version from the argument string")?;

            let new_timeline_id_opt = parse_timeline_id(create_match)?;
-            let new_timeline_id = new_timeline_id_opt.unwrap_or(TimelineId::generate());

-            let attachment_service = AttachmentService::from_env(env);
-            let create_req = TimelineCreateRequest {
-                new_timeline_id,
-                ancestor_timeline_id: None,
-                existing_initdb_timeline_id: None,
-                ancestor_start_lsn: None,
-                pg_version: Some(pg_version),
-            };
-            let timeline_info = attachment_service
-                .tenant_timeline_create(tenant_id, create_req)
-                .await?;
+            let timeline_info = pageserver.timeline_create(
+                tenant_id,
+                new_timeline_id_opt,
+                None,
+                None,
+                Some(pg_version),
+                None,
+            )?;
+            let new_timeline_id = timeline_info.timeline_id;

            let last_record_lsn = timeline_info.last_record_lsn;
            env.register_branch_mapping(new_branch_name.to_string(), tenant_id, new_timeline_id)?;
@@ -660,9 +542,7 @@ async fn handle_timeline(timeline_match: &ArgMatches, env: &mut local_env::Local

            let mut cplane = ComputeControlPlane::load(env.clone())?;
            println!("Importing timeline into pageserver ...");
-            pageserver
-                .timeline_import(tenant_id, timeline_id, base, pg_wal, pg_version)
-                .await?;
+            pageserver.timeline_import(tenant_id, timeline_id, base, pg_wal, pg_version)?;
            env.register_branch_mapping(name.to_string(), tenant_id, timeline_id)?;

            println!("Creating endpoint for imported timeline ...");
@@ -674,6 +554,7 @@ async fn handle_timeline(timeline_match: &ArgMatches, env: &mut local_env::Local
                None,
                pg_version,
                ComputeMode::Primary,
+                DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_ID,
            )?;
            println!("Done");
        }
@@ -697,18 +578,15 @@ async fn handle_timeline(timeline_match: &ArgMatches, env: &mut local_env::Local
                .map(|lsn_str| Lsn::from_str(lsn_str))
                .transpose()
                .context("Failed to parse ancestor start Lsn from the request")?;
-            let new_timeline_id = TimelineId::generate();
-            let attachment_service = AttachmentService::from_env(env);
-            let create_req = TimelineCreateRequest {
-                new_timeline_id,
-                ancestor_timeline_id: Some(ancestor_timeline_id),
-                existing_initdb_timeline_id: None,
-                ancestor_start_lsn: start_lsn,
-                pg_version: None,
-            };
-            let timeline_info = attachment_service
-                .tenant_timeline_create(tenant_id, create_req)
-                .await?;
+            let timeline_info = pageserver.timeline_create(
+                tenant_id,
+                None,
+                start_lsn,
+                Some(ancestor_timeline_id),
+                None,
+                None,
+            )?;
+            let new_timeline_id = timeline_info.timeline_id;

            let last_record_lsn = timeline_info.last_record_lsn;

@@ -726,7 +604,7 @@ async fn handle_timeline(timeline_match: &ArgMatches, env: &mut local_env::Local
    Ok(())
 }

-async fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<()> {
+fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<()> {
    let (sub_name, sub_args) = match ep_match.subcommand() {
        Some(ep_subcommand_data) => ep_subcommand_data,
        None => bail!("no endpoint subcommand provided"),
@@ -735,15 +613,11 @@ async fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Re

    match sub_name {
        "list" => {
-            // TODO(sharding): this command shouldn't have to specify a shard ID: we should ask the attachment service
-            // where shard 0 is attached, and query there.
-            let tenant_shard_id = get_tenant_shard_id(sub_args, env)?;
-            let timeline_infos = get_timeline_infos(env, &tenant_shard_id)
-                .await
-                .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-                    eprintln!("Failed to load timeline info: {}", e);
-                    HashMap::new()
-                });
+            let tenant_id = get_tenant_id(sub_args, env)?;
+            let timeline_infos = get_timeline_infos(env, &tenant_id).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+                eprintln!("Failed to load timeline info: {}", e);
+                HashMap::new()
+            });

            let timeline_name_mappings = env.timeline_name_mappings();

@@ -763,7 +637,7 @@ async fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Re
            for (endpoint_id, endpoint) in cplane
                .endpoints
                .iter()
-                .filter(|(_, endpoint)| endpoint.tenant_id == tenant_shard_id.tenant_id)
+                .filter(|(_, endpoint)| endpoint.tenant_id == tenant_id)
            {
                let lsn_str = match endpoint.mode {
                    ComputeMode::Static(lsn) => {
@@ -782,10 +656,7 @@ async fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Re
                };

                let branch_name = timeline_name_mappings
-                    .get(&TenantTimelineId::new(
-                        tenant_shard_id.tenant_id,
-                        endpoint.timeline_id,
-                    ))
+                    .get(&TenantTimelineId::new(tenant_id, endpoint.timeline_id))
                    .map(|name| name.as_str())
                    .unwrap_or("?");

@@ -833,6 +704,13 @@ async fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Re
                .copied()
                .unwrap_or(false);

+            let pageserver_id =
+                if let Some(id_str) = sub_args.get_one::<String>("endpoint-pageserver-id") {
+                    NodeId(id_str.parse().context("while parsing pageserver id")?)
+                } else {
+                    DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_ID
+                };
+
            let mode = match (lsn, hot_standby) {
                (Some(lsn), false) => ComputeMode::Static(lsn),
                (None, true) => ComputeMode::Replica,
@@ -860,6 +738,7 @@ async fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Re
                http_port,
                pg_version,
                mode,
+                pageserver_id,
            )?;
        }
        "start" => {
@@ -869,11 +748,9 @@ async fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Re

            let pageserver_id =
                if let Some(id_str) = sub_args.get_one::<String>("endpoint-pageserver-id") {
-                    Some(NodeId(
-                        id_str.parse().context("while parsing pageserver id")?,
-                    ))
+                    NodeId(id_str.parse().context("while parsing pageserver id")?)
                } else {
-                    None
+                    DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_ID
                };

            let remote_ext_config = sub_args.get_one::<String>("remote-ext-config");
@@ -904,38 +781,7 @@ async fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Re
                endpoint.timeline_id,
            )?;

-            let (pageservers, stripe_size) = if let Some(pageserver_id) = pageserver_id {
-                let conf = env.get_pageserver_conf(pageserver_id).unwrap();
-                let parsed = parse_host_port(&conf.listen_pg_addr).expect("Bad config");
-                (
-                    vec![(parsed.0, parsed.1.unwrap_or(5432))],
-                    // If caller is telling us what pageserver to use, this is not a tenant which is
-                    // full managed by attachment service, therefore not sharded.
-                    ShardParameters::DEFAULT_STRIPE_SIZE,
-                )
-            } else {
-                // Look up the currently attached location of the tenant, and its striping metadata,
-                // to pass these on to postgres.
-                let attachment_service = AttachmentService::from_env(env);
-                let locate_result = attachment_service.tenant_locate(endpoint.tenant_id).await?;
-                let pageservers = locate_result
-                    .shards
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|shard| {
-                        (
-                            Host::parse(&shard.listen_pg_addr)
-                                .expect("Attachment service reported bad hostname"),
-                            shard.listen_pg_port,
-                        )
-                    })
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-                let stripe_size = locate_result.shard_params.stripe_size;
-
-                (pageservers, stripe_size)
-            };
-            assert!(!pageservers.is_empty());
-
-            let ps_conf = env.get_pageserver_conf(DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_ID)?;
+            let ps_conf = env.get_pageserver_conf(pageserver_id)?;
            let auth_token = if matches!(ps_conf.pg_auth_type, AuthType::NeonJWT) {
                let claims = Claims::new(Some(endpoint.tenant_id), Scope::Tenant);

@@ -945,15 +791,7 @@ async fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Re
            };

            println!("Starting existing endpoint {endpoint_id}...");
-            endpoint
-                .start(
-                    &auth_token,
-                    safekeepers,
-                    pageservers,
-                    remote_ext_config,
-                    stripe_size.0 as usize,
-                )
-                .await?;
+            endpoint.start(&auth_token, safekeepers, remote_ext_config)?;
        }
        "reconfigure" => {
            let endpoint_id = sub_args
@@ -963,31 +801,15 @@ async fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Re
                .endpoints
                .get(endpoint_id.as_str())
                .with_context(|| format!("postgres endpoint {endpoint_id} is not found"))?;
-            let pageservers =
+            let pageserver_id =
                if let Some(id_str) = sub_args.get_one::<String>("endpoint-pageserver-id") {
-                    let ps_id = NodeId(id_str.parse().context("while parsing pageserver id")?);
-                    let pageserver = PageServerNode::from_env(env, env.get_pageserver_conf(ps_id)?);
-                    vec![(
-                        pageserver.pg_connection_config.host().clone(),
-                        pageserver.pg_connection_config.port(),
-                    )]
+                    Some(NodeId(
+                        id_str.parse().context("while parsing pageserver id")?,
+                    ))
                } else {
-                    let attachment_service = AttachmentService::from_env(env);
-                    attachment_service
-                        .tenant_locate(endpoint.tenant_id)
-                        .await?
-                        .shards
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .map(|shard| {
-                            (
-                                Host::parse(&shard.listen_pg_addr)
-                                    .expect("Attachment service reported malformed host"),
-                                shard.listen_pg_port,
-                            )
-                        })
-                        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                    None
                };
-            endpoint.reconfigure(pageservers).await?;
+            endpoint.reconfigure(pageserver_id)?;
        }
        "stop" => {
            let endpoint_id = sub_args
@@ -1053,13 +875,11 @@ fn get_pageserver(env: &local_env::LocalEnv, args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<PageSe
    ))
 }

-async fn handle_pageserver(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<()> {
+fn handle_pageserver(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<()> {
    match sub_match.subcommand() {
        Some(("start", subcommand_args)) => {
-            let register = subcommand_args.get_one::<bool>("register").unwrap_or(&true);
            if let Err(e) = get_pageserver(env, subcommand_args)?
-                .start(&pageserver_config_overrides(subcommand_args), *register)
-                .await
+                .start(&pageserver_config_overrides(subcommand_args))
            {
                eprintln!("pageserver start failed: {e}");
                exit(1);
@@ -1086,32 +906,28 @@ async fn handle_pageserver(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) ->
                exit(1);
            }

-            if let Err(e) = pageserver
-                .start(&pageserver_config_overrides(subcommand_args), false)
-                .await
-            {
+            if let Err(e) = pageserver.start(&pageserver_config_overrides(subcommand_args)) {
                eprintln!("pageserver start failed: {e}");
                exit(1);
            }
        }

-        Some(("set-state", subcommand_args)) => {
+        Some(("migrate", subcommand_args)) => {
            let pageserver = get_pageserver(env, subcommand_args)?;
-            let scheduling = subcommand_args.get_one("scheduling");
-            let availability = subcommand_args.get_one("availability");
+            //TODO what shutdown strategy should we use here?
+            if let Err(e) = pageserver.stop(false) {
+                eprintln!("pageserver stop failed: {}", e);
+                exit(1);
+            }

-            let attachment_service = AttachmentService::from_env(env);
-            attachment_service
-                .node_configure(NodeConfigureRequest {
-                    node_id: pageserver.conf.id,
-                    scheduling: scheduling.cloned(),
-                    availability: availability.cloned(),
-                })
-                .await?;
+            if let Err(e) = pageserver.start(&pageserver_config_overrides(subcommand_args)) {
+                eprintln!("pageserver start failed: {e}");
+                exit(1);
+            }
        }

        Some(("status", subcommand_args)) => {
-            match get_pageserver(env, subcommand_args)?.check_status().await {
+            match get_pageserver(env, subcommand_args)?.check_status() {
                Ok(_) => println!("Page server is up and running"),
                Err(err) => {
                    eprintln!("Page server is not available: {}", err);
@@ -1126,14 +942,11 @@ async fn handle_pageserver(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) ->
    Ok(())
 }

-async fn handle_attachment_service(
-    sub_match: &ArgMatches,
-    env: &local_env::LocalEnv,
-) -> Result<()> {
+fn handle_attachment_service(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<()> {
    let svc = AttachmentService::from_env(env);
    match sub_match.subcommand() {
        Some(("start", _start_match)) => {
-            if let Err(e) = svc.start().await {
+            if let Err(e) = svc.start() {
                eprintln!("start failed: {e}");
                exit(1);
            }
@@ -1145,7 +958,7 @@ async fn handle_attachment_service(
                .map(|s| s.as_str())
                == Some("immediate");

-            if let Err(e) = svc.stop(immediate).await {
+            if let Err(e) = svc.stop(immediate) {
                eprintln!("stop failed: {}", e);
                exit(1);
            }
@@ -1174,7 +987,7 @@ fn safekeeper_extra_opts(init_match: &ArgMatches) -> Vec<String> {
        .collect()
 }

-async fn handle_safekeeper(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<()> {
+fn handle_safekeeper(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<()> {
    let (sub_name, sub_args) = match sub_match.subcommand() {
        Some(safekeeper_command_data) => safekeeper_command_data,
        None => bail!("no safekeeper subcommand provided"),
@@ -1192,7 +1005,7 @@ async fn handle_safekeeper(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) ->
        "start" => {
            let extra_opts = safekeeper_extra_opts(sub_args);

-            if let Err(e) = safekeeper.start(extra_opts).await {
+            if let Err(e) = safekeeper.start(extra_opts) {
                eprintln!("safekeeper start failed: {}", e);
                exit(1);
            }
@@ -1218,7 +1031,7 @@ async fn handle_safekeeper(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) ->
            }

            let extra_opts = safekeeper_extra_opts(sub_args);
-            if let Err(e) = safekeeper.start(extra_opts).await {
+            if let Err(e) = safekeeper.start(extra_opts) {
                eprintln!("safekeeper start failed: {}", e);
                exit(1);
            }
@@ -1231,54 +1044,51 @@ async fn handle_safekeeper(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) ->
    Ok(())
 }

-async fn handle_start_all(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+fn handle_start_all(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    // Endpoints are not started automatically

-    broker::start_broker_process(env).await?;
+    broker::start_broker_process(env)?;

    // Only start the attachment service if the pageserver is configured to need it
    if env.control_plane_api.is_some() {
        let attachment_service = AttachmentService::from_env(env);
-        if let Err(e) = attachment_service.start().await {
+        if let Err(e) = attachment_service.start() {
            eprintln!("attachment_service start failed: {:#}", e);
-            try_stop_all(env, true).await;
+            try_stop_all(env, true);
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    for ps_conf in &env.pageservers {
        let pageserver = PageServerNode::from_env(env, ps_conf);
-        if let Err(e) = pageserver
-            .start(&pageserver_config_overrides(sub_match), true)
-            .await
-        {
+        if let Err(e) = pageserver.start(&pageserver_config_overrides(sub_match)) {
            eprintln!("pageserver {} start failed: {:#}", ps_conf.id, e);
-            try_stop_all(env, true).await;
+            try_stop_all(env, true);
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    for node in env.safekeepers.iter() {
        let safekeeper = SafekeeperNode::from_env(env, node);
-        if let Err(e) = safekeeper.start(vec![]).await {
+        if let Err(e) = safekeeper.start(vec![]) {
            eprintln!("safekeeper {} start failed: {:#}", safekeeper.id, e);
-            try_stop_all(env, false).await;
+            try_stop_all(env, false);
            exit(1);
        }
    }
    Ok(())
 }

-async fn handle_stop_all(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<()> {
+fn handle_stop_all(sub_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<()> {
    let immediate =
        sub_match.get_one::<String>("stop-mode").map(|s| s.as_str()) == Some("immediate");

-    try_stop_all(env, immediate).await;
+    try_stop_all(env, immediate);

    Ok(())
 }

-async fn try_stop_all(env: &local_env::LocalEnv, immediate: bool) {
+fn try_stop_all(env: &local_env::LocalEnv, immediate: bool) {
    // Stop all endpoints
    match ComputeControlPlane::load(env.clone()) {
        Ok(cplane) => {
@@ -1313,7 +1123,7 @@ async fn try_stop_all(env: &local_env::LocalEnv, immediate: bool) {

    if env.control_plane_api.is_some() {
        let attachment_service = AttachmentService::from_env(env);
-        if let Err(e) = attachment_service.stop(immediate).await {
+        if let Err(e) = attachment_service.stop(immediate) {
            eprintln!("attachment service stop failed: {e:#}");
        }
    }
@@ -1417,15 +1227,9 @@ fn cli() -> Command {
        .required(false);

    let force_arg = Arg::new("force")
-        .value_parser(value_parser!(InitForceMode))
+        .value_parser(value_parser!(bool))
        .long("force")
-        .default_value(
-            InitForceMode::MustNotExist
-                .to_possible_value()
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_name()
-                .to_owned(),
-        )
+        .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
        .help("Force initialization even if the repository is not empty")
        .required(false);

@@ -1509,8 +1313,6 @@ fn cli() -> Command {
                .arg(pg_version_arg.clone())
                .arg(Arg::new("set-default").long("set-default").action(ArgAction::SetTrue).required(false)
                    .help("Use this tenant in future CLI commands where tenant_id is needed, but not specified"))
-                .arg(Arg::new("shard-count").value_parser(value_parser!(u8)).long("shard-count").action(ArgAction::Set).help("Number of shards in the new tenant (default 1)"))
-                .arg(Arg::new("shard-stripe-size").value_parser(value_parser!(u32)).long("shard-stripe-size").action(ArgAction::Set).help("Sharding stripe size in pages"))
                )
            .subcommand(Command::new("set-default").arg(tenant_id_arg.clone().required(true))
                .about("Set a particular tenant as default in future CLI commands where tenant_id is needed, but not specified"))
@@ -1521,9 +1323,6 @@ fn cli() -> Command {
                .about("Migrate a tenant from one pageserver to another")
                .arg(tenant_id_arg.clone())
                .arg(pageserver_id_arg.clone()))
-            .subcommand(Command::new("status")
-                .about("Human readable summary of the tenant's shards and attachment locations")
-                .arg(tenant_id_arg.clone()))
        )
        .subcommand(
            Command::new("pageserver")
@@ -1533,11 +1332,7 @@ fn cli() -> Command {
                .subcommand(Command::new("status"))
                .subcommand(Command::new("start")
                    .about("Start local pageserver")
-                    .arg(pageserver_config_args.clone()).arg(Arg::new("register")
-                    .long("register")
-                    .default_value("true").required(false)
-                    .value_parser(value_parser!(bool))
-                    .value_name("register"))
+                    .arg(pageserver_config_args.clone())
                )
                .subcommand(Command::new("stop")
                    .about("Stop local pageserver")
@@ -1547,12 +1342,6 @@ fn cli() -> Command {
                    .about("Restart local pageserver")
                    .arg(pageserver_config_args.clone())
                )
-                .subcommand(Command::new("set-state")
-                    .arg(Arg::new("availability").value_parser(value_parser!(NodeAvailability)).long("availability").action(ArgAction::Set).help("Availability state: offline,active"))
-                    .arg(Arg::new("scheduling").value_parser(value_parser!(NodeSchedulingPolicy)).long("scheduling").action(ArgAction::Set).help("Scheduling state: draining,pause,filling,active"))
-                    .about("Set scheduling or availability state of pageserver node")
-                    .arg(pageserver_config_args.clone())
-                )
        )
        .subcommand(
            Command::new("attachment_service")
--- a/control_plane/src/broker.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/broker.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use camino::Utf8PathBuf;

 use crate::{background_process, local_env};

-pub async fn start_broker_process(env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+pub fn start_broker_process(env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let broker = &env.broker;
    let listen_addr = &broker.listen_addr;

@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@ pub async fn start_broker_process(env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> anyhow::Result<(

    let args = [format!("--listen-addr={listen_addr}")];

-    let client = reqwest::Client::new();
+    let client = reqwest::blocking::Client::new();
    background_process::start_process(
        "storage_broker",
        &env.base_data_dir,
        &env.storage_broker_bin(),
        args,
        [],
-        background_process::InitialPidFile::Create(storage_broker_pid_file_path(env)),
-        || async {
+        background_process::InitialPidFile::Create(&storage_broker_pid_file_path(env)),
+        || {
            let url = broker.client_url();
            let status_url = url.join("status").with_context(|| {
                format!("Failed to append /status path to broker endpoint {url}")
@@ -36,13 +36,12 @@ pub async fn start_broker_process(env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> anyhow::Result<(
                .get(status_url)
                .build()
                .with_context(|| format!("Failed to construct request to broker endpoint {url}"))?;
-            match client.execute(request).await {
+            match client.execute(request) {
                Ok(resp) => Ok(resp.status().is_success()),
                Err(_) => Ok(false),
            }
        },
    )
-    .await
    .context("Failed to spawn storage_broker subprocess")?;
    Ok(())
 }
--- a/control_plane/src/endpoint.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/endpoint.rs
@@ -46,18 +46,15 @@ use std::time::Duration;

 use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context, Result};
 use compute_api::spec::RemoteExtSpec;
-use nix::sys::signal::kill;
-use nix::sys::signal::Signal;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use url::Host;
 use utils::id::{NodeId, TenantId, TimelineId};

-use crate::attachment_service::AttachmentService;
 use crate::local_env::LocalEnv;
+use crate::pageserver::PageServerNode;
 use crate::postgresql_conf::PostgresConf;

 use compute_api::responses::{ComputeState, ComputeStatus};
-use compute_api::spec::{Cluster, ComputeFeature, ComputeMode, ComputeSpec};
+use compute_api::spec::{Cluster, ComputeMode, ComputeSpec};

 // contents of a endpoint.json file
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug)]
@@ -70,7 +67,7 @@ pub struct EndpointConf {
    http_port: u16,
    pg_version: u32,
    skip_pg_catalog_updates: bool,
-    features: Vec<ComputeFeature>,
+    pageserver_id: NodeId,
 }

 //
@@ -122,14 +119,19 @@ impl ComputeControlPlane {
        http_port: Option<u16>,
        pg_version: u32,
        mode: ComputeMode,
+        pageserver_id: NodeId,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Endpoint>> {
        let pg_port = pg_port.unwrap_or_else(|| self.get_port());
        let http_port = http_port.unwrap_or_else(|| self.get_port() + 1);
+        let pageserver =
+            PageServerNode::from_env(&self.env, self.env.get_pageserver_conf(pageserver_id)?);
+
        let ep = Arc::new(Endpoint {
            endpoint_id: endpoint_id.to_owned(),
            pg_address: SocketAddr::new("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap(), pg_port),
            http_address: SocketAddr::new("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap(), http_port),
            env: self.env.clone(),
+            pageserver,
            timeline_id,
            mode,
            tenant_id,
@@ -141,7 +143,6 @@ impl ComputeControlPlane {
            // with this we basically test a case of waking up an idle compute, where
            // we also skip catalog updates in the cloud.
            skip_pg_catalog_updates: true,
-            features: vec![],
        });

        ep.create_endpoint_dir()?;
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ impl ComputeControlPlane {
                pg_port,
                pg_version,
                skip_pg_catalog_updates: true,
-                features: vec![],
+                pageserver_id,
            })?,
        )?;
        std::fs::write(
@@ -215,12 +216,10 @@ pub struct Endpoint {
    // These are not part of the endpoint as such, but the environment
    // the endpoint runs in.
    pub env: LocalEnv,
+    pageserver: PageServerNode,

    // Optimizations
    skip_pg_catalog_updates: bool,
-
-    // Feature flags
-    features: Vec<ComputeFeature>,
 }

 impl Endpoint {
@@ -240,17 +239,20 @@ impl Endpoint {
        let conf: EndpointConf =
            serde_json::from_slice(&std::fs::read(entry.path().join("endpoint.json"))?)?;

+        let pageserver =
+            PageServerNode::from_env(env, env.get_pageserver_conf(conf.pageserver_id)?);
+
        Ok(Endpoint {
            pg_address: SocketAddr::new("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap(), conf.pg_port),
            http_address: SocketAddr::new("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap(), conf.http_port),
            endpoint_id,
            env: env.clone(),
+            pageserver,
            timeline_id: conf.timeline_id,
            mode: conf.mode,
            tenant_id: conf.tenant_id,
            pg_version: conf.pg_version,
            skip_pg_catalog_updates: conf.skip_pg_catalog_updates,
-            features: conf.features,
        })
    }

@@ -437,14 +439,11 @@ impl Endpoint {
        Ok(())
    }

-    fn wait_for_compute_ctl_to_exit(&self, send_sigterm: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        // TODO use background_process::stop_process instead: https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/6482
+    fn wait_for_compute_ctl_to_exit(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        // TODO use background_process::stop_process instead
        let pidfile_path = self.endpoint_path().join("compute_ctl.pid");
        let pid: u32 = std::fs::read_to_string(pidfile_path)?.parse()?;
        let pid = nix::unistd::Pid::from_raw(pid as i32);
-        if send_sigterm {
-            kill(pid, Signal::SIGTERM).ok();
-        }
        crate::background_process::wait_until_stopped("compute_ctl", pid)?;
        Ok(())
    }
@@ -465,21 +464,11 @@ impl Endpoint {
        }
    }

-    fn build_pageserver_connstr(pageservers: &[(Host, u16)]) -> String {
-        pageservers
-            .iter()
-            .map(|(host, port)| format!("postgresql://no_user@{host}:{port}"))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-            .join(",")
-    }
-
-    pub async fn start(
+    pub fn start(
        &self,
        auth_token: &Option<String>,
        safekeepers: Vec<NodeId>,
-        pageservers: Vec<(Host, u16)>,
        remote_ext_config: Option<&String>,
-        shard_stripe_size: usize,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        if self.status() == "running" {
            anyhow::bail!("The endpoint is already running");
@@ -493,9 +482,13 @@ impl Endpoint {
            std::fs::remove_dir_all(self.pgdata())?;
        }

-        let pageserver_connstring = Self::build_pageserver_connstr(&pageservers);
-        assert!(!pageserver_connstring.is_empty());
+        let pageserver_connstring = {
+            let config = &self.pageserver.pg_connection_config;
+            let (host, port) = (config.host(), config.port());

+            // NOTE: avoid spaces in connection string, because it is less error prone if we forward it somewhere.
+            format!("postgresql://no_user@{host}:{port}")
+        };
        let mut safekeeper_connstrings = Vec::new();
        if self.mode == ComputeMode::Primary {
            for sk_id in safekeepers {
@@ -526,7 +519,7 @@ impl Endpoint {
            skip_pg_catalog_updates: self.skip_pg_catalog_updates,
            format_version: 1.0,
            operation_uuid: None,
-            features: self.features.clone(),
+            features: vec![],
            cluster: Cluster {
                cluster_id: None, // project ID: not used
                name: None,       // project name: not used
@@ -544,8 +537,6 @@ impl Endpoint {
            safekeeper_connstrings,
            storage_auth_token: auth_token.clone(),
            remote_extensions,
-            pgbouncer_settings: None,
-            shard_stripe_size: Some(shard_stripe_size),
        };
        let spec_path = self.endpoint_path().join("spec.json");
        std::fs::write(spec_path, serde_json::to_string_pretty(&spec)?)?;
@@ -583,21 +574,9 @@ impl Endpoint {
        }

        let child = cmd.spawn()?;
-        // set up a scopeguard to kill & wait for the child in case we panic or bail below
-        let child = scopeguard::guard(child, |mut child| {
-            println!("SIGKILL & wait the started process");
-            (|| {
-                // TODO: use another signal that can be caught by the child so it can clean up any children it spawned
-                child.kill().context("SIGKILL child")?;
-                child.wait().context("wait() for child process")?;
-                anyhow::Ok(())
-            })()
-            .with_context(|| format!("scopeguard kill&wait child {child:?}"))
-            .unwrap();
-        });

        // Write down the pid so we can wait for it when we want to stop
-        // TODO use background_process::start_process instead: https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/6482
+        // TODO use background_process::start_process instead
        let pid = child.id();
        let pidfile_path = self.endpoint_path().join("compute_ctl.pid");
        std::fs::write(pidfile_path, pid.to_string())?;
@@ -608,7 +587,7 @@ impl Endpoint {
        const MAX_ATTEMPTS: u32 = 10 * 30; // Wait up to 30 s
        loop {
            attempt += 1;
-            match self.get_status().await {
+            match self.get_status() {
                Ok(state) => {
                    match state.status {
                        ComputeStatus::Init => {
@@ -646,15 +625,12 @@ impl Endpoint {
            std::thread::sleep(ATTEMPT_INTERVAL);
        }

-        // disarm the scopeguard, let the child outlive this function (and neon_local invoction)
-        drop(scopeguard::ScopeGuard::into_inner(child));
-
        Ok(())
    }

    // Call the /status HTTP API
-    pub async fn get_status(&self) -> Result<ComputeState> {
-        let client = reqwest::Client::new();
+    pub fn get_status(&self) -> Result<ComputeState> {
+        let client = reqwest::blocking::Client::new();

        let response = client
            .request(
@@ -665,17 +641,16 @@ impl Endpoint {
                    self.http_address.port()
                ),
            )
-            .send()
-            .await?;
+            .send()?;

        // Interpret the response
        let status = response.status();
        if !(status.is_client_error() || status.is_server_error()) {
-            Ok(response.json().await?)
+            Ok(response.json()?)
        } else {
            // reqwest does not export its error construction utility functions, so let's craft the message ourselves
            let url = response.url().to_owned();
-            let msg = match response.text().await {
+            let msg = match response.text() {
                Ok(err_body) => format!("Error: {}", err_body),
                Err(_) => format!("Http error ({}) at {}.", status.as_u16(), url),
            };
@@ -683,7 +658,7 @@ impl Endpoint {
        }
    }

-    pub async fn reconfigure(&self, mut pageservers: Vec<(Host, u16)>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn reconfigure(&self, pageserver_id: Option<NodeId>) -> Result<()> {
        let mut spec: ComputeSpec = {
            let spec_path = self.endpoint_path().join("spec.json");
            let file = std::fs::File::open(spec_path)?;
@@ -693,28 +668,26 @@ impl Endpoint {
        let postgresql_conf = self.read_postgresql_conf()?;
        spec.cluster.postgresql_conf = Some(postgresql_conf);

-        // If we weren't given explicit pageservers, query the attachment service
-        if pageservers.is_empty() {
-            let attachment_service = AttachmentService::from_env(&self.env);
-            let locate_result = attachment_service.tenant_locate(self.tenant_id).await?;
-            pageservers = locate_result
-                .shards
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|shard| {
-                    (
-                        Host::parse(&shard.listen_pg_addr)
-                            .expect("Attachment service reported bad hostname"),
-                        shard.listen_pg_port,
-                    )
-                })
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        if let Some(pageserver_id) = pageserver_id {
+            let endpoint_config_path = self.endpoint_path().join("endpoint.json");
+            let mut endpoint_conf: EndpointConf = {
+                let file = std::fs::File::open(&endpoint_config_path)?;
+                serde_json::from_reader(file)?
+            };
+            endpoint_conf.pageserver_id = pageserver_id;
+            std::fs::write(
+                endpoint_config_path,
+                serde_json::to_string_pretty(&endpoint_conf)?,
+            )?;
+
+            let pageserver =
+                PageServerNode::from_env(&self.env, self.env.get_pageserver_conf(pageserver_id)?);
+            let ps_http_conf = &pageserver.pg_connection_config;
+            let (host, port) = (ps_http_conf.host(), ps_http_conf.port());
+            spec.pageserver_connstring = Some(format!("postgresql://no_user@{host}:{port}"));
        }

-        let pageserver_connstr = Self::build_pageserver_connstr(&pageservers);
-        assert!(!pageserver_connstr.is_empty());
-        spec.pageserver_connstring = Some(pageserver_connstr);
-
-        let client = reqwest::Client::new();
+        let client = reqwest::blocking::Client::new();
        let response = client
            .post(format!(
                "http://{}:{}/configure",
@@ -725,15 +698,14 @@ impl Endpoint {
                "{{\"spec\":{}}}",
                serde_json::to_string_pretty(&spec)?
            ))
-            .send()
-            .await?;
+            .send()?;

        let status = response.status();
        if !(status.is_client_error() || status.is_server_error()) {
            Ok(())
        } else {
            let url = response.url().to_owned();
-            let msg = match response.text().await {
+            let msg = match response.text() {
                Ok(err_body) => format!("Error: {}", err_body),
                Err(_) => format!("Http error ({}) at {}.", status.as_u16(), url),
            };
@@ -758,15 +730,10 @@ impl Endpoint {
            &None,
        )?;

-        // Also wait for the compute_ctl process to die. It might have some
-        // cleanup work to do after postgres stops, like syncing safekeepers,
-        // etc.
+        // Also wait for the compute_ctl process to die. It might have some cleanup
+        // work to do after postgres stops, like syncing safekeepers, etc.
        //
-        // If destroying, send it SIGTERM before waiting. Sometimes we do *not*
-        // want this cleanup: tests intentionally do stop when majority of
-        // safekeepers is down, so sync-safekeepers would hang otherwise. This
-        // could be a separate flag though.
-        self.wait_for_compute_ctl_to_exit(destroy)?;
+        self.wait_for_compute_ctl_to_exit()?;
        if destroy {
            println!(
                "Destroying postgres data directory '{}'",
--- a/control_plane/src/lib.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,3 +14,4 @@ pub mod local_env;
 pub mod pageserver;
 pub mod postgresql_conf;
 pub mod safekeeper;
+pub mod tenant_migration;
--- a/control_plane/src/local_env.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/local_env.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@

 use anyhow::{bail, ensure, Context};

-use clap::ValueEnum;
 use postgres_backend::AuthType;
 use reqwest::Url;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -163,31 +162,6 @@ impl Default for SafekeeperConf {
    }
 }

-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-pub enum InitForceMode {
-    MustNotExist,
-    EmptyDirOk,
-    RemoveAllContents,
-}
-
-impl ValueEnum for InitForceMode {
-    fn value_variants<'a>() -> &'a [Self] {
-        &[
-            Self::MustNotExist,
-            Self::EmptyDirOk,
-            Self::RemoveAllContents,
-        ]
-    }
-
-    fn to_possible_value(&self) -> Option<clap::builder::PossibleValue> {
-        Some(clap::builder::PossibleValue::new(match self {
-            InitForceMode::MustNotExist => "must-not-exist",
-            InitForceMode::EmptyDirOk => "empty-dir-ok",
-            InitForceMode::RemoveAllContents => "remove-all-contents",
-        }))
-    }
-}
-
 impl SafekeeperConf {
    /// Compute is served by port on which only tenant scoped tokens allowed, if
    /// it is configured.
@@ -223,11 +197,7 @@ impl LocalEnv {
    }

    pub fn attachment_service_bin(&self) -> PathBuf {
-        // Irrespective of configuration, attachment service binary is always
-        // run from the same location as neon_local.  This means that for compatibility
-        // tests that run old pageserver/safekeeper, they still run latest attachment service.
-        let neon_local_bin_dir = env::current_exe().unwrap().parent().unwrap().to_owned();
-        neon_local_bin_dir.join("attachment_service")
+        self.neon_distrib_dir.join("attachment_service")
    }

    pub fn safekeeper_bin(&self) -> PathBuf {
@@ -255,13 +225,7 @@ impl LocalEnv {
        if let Some(conf) = self.pageservers.iter().find(|node| node.id == id) {
            Ok(conf)
        } else {
-            let have_ids = self
-                .pageservers
-                .iter()
-                .map(|node| format!("{}:{}", node.id, node.listen_http_addr))
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-            let joined = have_ids.join(",");
-            bail!("could not find pageserver {id}, have ids {joined}")
+            bail!("could not find pageserver {id}")
        }
    }

@@ -420,7 +384,7 @@ impl LocalEnv {
    //
    // Initialize a new Neon repository
    //
-    pub fn init(&mut self, pg_version: u32, force: &InitForceMode) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    pub fn init(&mut self, pg_version: u32, force: bool) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
        // check if config already exists
        let base_path = &self.base_data_dir;
        ensure!(
@@ -429,34 +393,25 @@ impl LocalEnv {
        );

        if base_path.exists() {
-            match force {
-                InitForceMode::MustNotExist => {
-                    bail!(
-                        "directory '{}' already exists. Perhaps already initialized?",
-                        base_path.display()
-                    );
-                }
-                InitForceMode::EmptyDirOk => {
-                    if let Some(res) = std::fs::read_dir(base_path)?.next() {
-                        res.context("check if directory is empty")?;
-                        anyhow::bail!("directory not empty: {base_path:?}");
-                    }
-                }
-                InitForceMode::RemoveAllContents => {
-                    println!("removing all contents of '{}'", base_path.display());
-                    // instead of directly calling `remove_dir_all`, we keep the original dir but removing
-                    // all contents inside. This helps if the developer symbol links another directory (i.e.,
-                    // S3 local SSD) to the `.neon` base directory.
-                    for entry in std::fs::read_dir(base_path)? {
-                        let entry = entry?;
-                        let path = entry.path();
-                        if path.is_dir() {
-                            fs::remove_dir_all(&path)?;
-                        } else {
-                            fs::remove_file(&path)?;
-                        }
+            if force {
+                println!("removing all contents of '{}'", base_path.display());
+                // instead of directly calling `remove_dir_all`, we keep the original dir but removing
+                // all contents inside. This helps if the developer symbol links another directory (i.e.,
+                // S3 local SSD) to the `.neon` base directory.
+                for entry in std::fs::read_dir(base_path)? {
+                    let entry = entry?;
+                    let path = entry.path();
+                    if path.is_dir() {
+                        fs::remove_dir_all(&path)?;
+                    } else {
+                        fs::remove_file(&path)?;
                    }
                }
+            } else {
+                bail!(
+                    "directory '{}' already exists. Perhaps already initialized? (Hint: use --force to remove all contents)",
+                    base_path.display()
+                );
            }
        }

--- a/control_plane/src/pageserver.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/pageserver.rs
@@ -6,37 +6,77 @@
 //!
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-use std::io;
-use std::io::Write;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::{BufReader, Write};
 use std::num::NonZeroU64;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::process::Command;
+use std::process::{Child, Command};
 use std::time::Duration;
+use std::{io, result};

 use anyhow::{bail, Context};
 use camino::Utf8PathBuf;
-use futures::SinkExt;
 use pageserver_api::models::{
-    self, LocationConfig, ShardParameters, TenantHistorySize, TenantInfo, TimelineInfo,
+    self, LocationConfig, TenantInfo, TenantLocationConfigRequest, TimelineInfo,
 };
 use pageserver_api::shard::TenantShardId;
-use pageserver_client::mgmt_api;
 use postgres_backend::AuthType;
 use postgres_connection::{parse_host_port, PgConnectionConfig};
+use reqwest::blocking::{Client, RequestBuilder, Response};
+use reqwest::{IntoUrl, Method};
+use thiserror::Error;
 use utils::auth::{Claims, Scope};
 use utils::{
+    http::error::HttpErrorBody,
    id::{TenantId, TimelineId},
    lsn::Lsn,
 };

-use crate::attachment_service::{AttachmentService, NodeRegisterRequest};
 use crate::local_env::PageServerConf;
 use crate::{background_process, local_env::LocalEnv};

 /// Directory within .neon which will be used by default for LocalFs remote storage.
 pub const PAGESERVER_REMOTE_STORAGE_DIR: &str = "local_fs_remote_storage/pageserver";

+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum PageserverHttpError {
+    #[error("Reqwest error: {0}")]
+    Transport(#[from] reqwest::Error),
+
+    #[error("Error: {0}")]
+    Response(String),
+}
+
+impl From<anyhow::Error> for PageserverHttpError {
+    fn from(e: anyhow::Error) -> Self {
+        Self::Response(e.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+type Result<T> = result::Result<T, PageserverHttpError>;
+
+pub trait ResponseErrorMessageExt: Sized {
+    fn error_from_body(self) -> Result<Self>;
+}
+
+impl ResponseErrorMessageExt for Response {
+    fn error_from_body(self) -> Result<Self> {
+        let status = self.status();
+        if !(status.is_client_error() || status.is_server_error()) {
+            return Ok(self);
+        }
+
+        // reqwest does not export its error construction utility functions, so let's craft the message ourselves
+        let url = self.url().to_owned();
+        Err(PageserverHttpError::Response(
+            match self.json::<HttpErrorBody>() {
+                Ok(err_body) => format!("Error: {}", err_body.msg),
+                Err(_) => format!("Http error ({}) at {}.", status.as_u16(), url),
+            },
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
 //
 // Control routines for pageserver.
 //
@@ -47,7 +87,8 @@ pub struct PageServerNode {
    pub pg_connection_config: PgConnectionConfig,
    pub conf: PageServerConf,
    pub env: LocalEnv,
-    pub http_client: mgmt_api::Client,
+    pub http_client: Client,
+    pub http_base_url: String,
 }

 impl PageServerNode {
@@ -59,19 +100,8 @@ impl PageServerNode {
            pg_connection_config: PgConnectionConfig::new_host_port(host, port),
            conf: conf.clone(),
            env: env.clone(),
-            http_client: mgmt_api::Client::new(
-                format!("http://{}", conf.listen_http_addr),
-                {
-                    match conf.http_auth_type {
-                        AuthType::Trust => None,
-                        AuthType::NeonJWT => Some(
-                            env.generate_auth_token(&Claims::new(None, Scope::PageServerApi))
-                                .unwrap(),
-                        ),
-                    }
-                }
-                .as_deref(),
-            ),
+            http_client: Client::new(),
+            http_base_url: format!("http://{}/v1", conf.listen_http_addr),
        }
    }

@@ -109,16 +139,6 @@ impl PageServerNode {
                "control_plane_api='{}'",
                control_plane_api.as_str()
            ));
-
-            // Attachment service uses the same auth as pageserver: if JWT is enabled
-            // for us, we will also need it to talk to them.
-            if matches!(self.conf.http_auth_type, AuthType::NeonJWT) {
-                let jwt_token = self
-                    .env
-                    .generate_auth_token(&Claims::new(None, Scope::PageServerApi))
-                    .unwrap();
-                overrides.push(format!("control_plane_api_token='{}'", jwt_token));
-            }
        }

        if !cli_overrides
@@ -162,8 +182,8 @@ impl PageServerNode {
            .expect("non-Unicode path")
    }

-    pub async fn start(&self, config_overrides: &[&str], register: bool) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        self.start_node(config_overrides, false, register).await
+    pub fn start(&self, config_overrides: &[&str]) -> anyhow::Result<Child> {
+        self.start_node(config_overrides, false)
    }

    fn pageserver_init(&self, config_overrides: &[&str]) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
@@ -204,13 +224,7 @@ impl PageServerNode {
        Ok(())
    }

-    async fn start_node(
-        &self,
-        config_overrides: &[&str],
-        update_config: bool,
-        register: bool,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        // TODO: using a thread here because start_process() is not async but we need to call check_status()
+    fn start_node(&self, config_overrides: &[&str], update_config: bool) -> anyhow::Result<Child> {
        let datadir = self.repo_path();
        print!(
            "Starting pageserver node {} at '{}' in {:?}",
@@ -218,7 +232,7 @@ impl PageServerNode {
            self.pg_connection_config.raw_address(),
            datadir
        );
-        io::stdout().flush().context("flush stdout")?;
+        io::stdout().flush()?;

        let datadir_path_str = datadir.to_str().with_context(|| {
            format!(
@@ -230,42 +244,20 @@ impl PageServerNode {
        if update_config {
            args.push(Cow::Borrowed("--update-config"));
        }
+
        background_process::start_process(
            "pageserver",
            &datadir,
            &self.env.pageserver_bin(),
            args.iter().map(Cow::as_ref),
            self.pageserver_env_variables()?,
-            background_process::InitialPidFile::Expect(self.pid_file()),
-            || async {
-                let st = self.check_status().await;
-                match st {
-                    Ok(()) => Ok(true),
-                    Err(mgmt_api::Error::ReceiveBody(_)) => Ok(false),
-                    Err(e) => Err(anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to check node status: {e}")),
-                }
+            background_process::InitialPidFile::Expect(&self.pid_file()),
+            || match self.check_status() {
+                Ok(()) => Ok(true),
+                Err(PageserverHttpError::Transport(_)) => Ok(false),
+                Err(e) => Err(anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to check node status: {e}")),
            },
        )
-        .await?;
-
-        if register {
-            let attachment_service = AttachmentService::from_env(&self.env);
-            let (pg_host, pg_port) =
-                parse_host_port(&self.conf.listen_pg_addr).expect("Unable to parse listen_pg_addr");
-            let (http_host, http_port) = parse_host_port(&self.conf.listen_http_addr)
-                .expect("Unable to parse listen_http_addr");
-            attachment_service
-                .node_register(NodeRegisterRequest {
-                    node_id: self.conf.id,
-                    listen_pg_addr: pg_host.to_string(),
-                    listen_pg_port: pg_port.unwrap_or(5432),
-                    listen_http_addr: http_host.to_string(),
-                    listen_http_port: http_port.unwrap_or(80),
-                })
-                .await?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
    }

    fn pageserver_basic_args<'a>(
@@ -311,12 +303,7 @@ impl PageServerNode {
        background_process::stop_process(immediate, "pageserver", &self.pid_file())
    }

-    pub async fn page_server_psql_client(
-        &self,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<(
-        tokio_postgres::Client,
-        tokio_postgres::Connection<tokio_postgres::Socket, tokio_postgres::tls::NoTlsStream>,
-    )> {
+    pub fn page_server_psql_client(&self) -> anyhow::Result<postgres::Client> {
        let mut config = self.pg_connection_config.clone();
        if self.conf.pg_auth_type == AuthType::NeonJWT {
            let token = self
@@ -324,18 +311,44 @@ impl PageServerNode {
                .generate_auth_token(&Claims::new(None, Scope::PageServerApi))?;
            config = config.set_password(Some(token));
        }
-        Ok(config.connect_no_tls().await?)
+        Ok(config.connect_no_tls()?)
    }

-    pub async fn check_status(&self) -> mgmt_api::Result<()> {
-        self.http_client.status().await
+    fn http_request<U: IntoUrl>(&self, method: Method, url: U) -> anyhow::Result<RequestBuilder> {
+        let mut builder = self.http_client.request(method, url);
+        if self.conf.http_auth_type == AuthType::NeonJWT {
+            let token = self
+                .env
+                .generate_auth_token(&Claims::new(None, Scope::PageServerApi))?;
+            builder = builder.bearer_auth(token)
+        }
+        Ok(builder)
    }

-    pub async fn tenant_list(&self) -> mgmt_api::Result<Vec<TenantInfo>> {
-        self.http_client.list_tenants().await
+    pub fn check_status(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.http_request(Method::GET, format!("{}/status", self.http_base_url))?
+            .send()?
+            .error_from_body()?;
+        Ok(())
    }
-    pub fn parse_config(mut settings: HashMap<&str, &str>) -> anyhow::Result<models::TenantConfig> {
-        let result = models::TenantConfig {
+
+    pub fn tenant_list(&self) -> Result<Vec<TenantInfo>> {
+        Ok(self
+            .http_request(Method::GET, format!("{}/tenant", self.http_base_url))?
+            .send()?
+            .error_from_body()?
+            .json()?)
+    }
+
+    pub fn tenant_create(
+        &self,
+        new_tenant_id: TenantId,
+        generation: Option<u32>,
+        settings: HashMap<&str, &str>,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<TenantId> {
+        let mut settings = settings.clone();
+
+        let config = models::TenantConfig {
            checkpoint_distance: settings
                .remove("checkpoint_distance")
                .map(|x| x.parse::<u64>())
@@ -394,36 +407,33 @@ impl PageServerNode {
                .map(|x| x.parse::<bool>())
                .transpose()
                .context("Failed to parse 'gc_feedback' as bool")?,
-            heatmap_period: settings.remove("heatmap_period").map(|x| x.to_string()),
        };
-        if !settings.is_empty() {
-            bail!("Unrecognized tenant settings: {settings:?}")
-        } else {
-            Ok(result)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub async fn tenant_create(
-        &self,
-        new_tenant_id: TenantId,
-        generation: Option<u32>,
-        settings: HashMap<&str, &str>,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<TenantId> {
-        let config = Self::parse_config(settings.clone())?;

        let request = models::TenantCreateRequest {
            new_tenant_id: TenantShardId::unsharded(new_tenant_id),
            generation,
            config,
-            shard_parameters: ShardParameters::default(),
        };
        if !settings.is_empty() {
            bail!("Unrecognized tenant settings: {settings:?}")
        }
-        Ok(self.http_client.tenant_create(&request).await?)
+        self.http_request(Method::POST, format!("{}/tenant", self.http_base_url))?
+            .json(&request)
+            .send()?
+            .error_from_body()?
+            .json::<Option<String>>()
+            .with_context(|| {
+                format!("Failed to parse tenant creation response for tenant id: {new_tenant_id:?}")
+            })?
+            .context("No tenant id was found in the tenant creation response")
+            .and_then(|tenant_id_string| {
+                tenant_id_string.parse().with_context(|| {
+                    format!("Failed to parse response string as tenant id: '{tenant_id_string}'")
+                })
+            })
    }

-    pub async fn tenant_config(
+    pub fn tenant_config(
        &self,
        tenant_id: TenantId,
        mut settings: HashMap<&str, &str>,
@@ -494,7 +504,6 @@ impl PageServerNode {
                    .map(|x| x.parse::<bool>())
                    .transpose()
                    .context("Failed to parse 'gc_feedback' as bool")?,
-                heatmap_period: settings.remove("heatmap_period").map(|x| x.to_string()),
            }
        };

@@ -502,59 +511,87 @@ impl PageServerNode {
            bail!("Unrecognized tenant settings: {settings:?}")
        }

-        self.http_client
-            .tenant_config(&models::TenantConfigRequest { tenant_id, config })
-            .await?;
+        self.http_request(Method::PUT, format!("{}/tenant/config", self.http_base_url))?
+            .json(&models::TenantConfigRequest { tenant_id, config })
+            .send()?
+            .error_from_body()?;

        Ok(())
    }

-    pub async fn location_config(
+    pub fn location_config(
        &self,
-        tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
+        tenant_id: TenantId,
        config: LocationConfig,
        flush_ms: Option<Duration>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        Ok(self
-            .http_client
-            .location_config(tenant_shard_id, config, flush_ms)
-            .await?)
+        let req_body = TenantLocationConfigRequest { tenant_id, config };
+
+        let path = format!(
+            "{}/tenant/{}/location_config",
+            self.http_base_url, tenant_id
+        );
+        let path = if let Some(flush_ms) = flush_ms {
+            format!("{}?flush_ms={}", path, flush_ms.as_millis())
+        } else {
+            path
+        };
+
+        self.http_request(Method::PUT, path)?
+            .json(&req_body)
+            .send()?
+            .error_from_body()?;
+
+        Ok(())
    }

-    pub async fn timeline_list(
+    pub fn timeline_list(&self, tenant_id: &TenantId) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<TimelineInfo>> {
+        let timeline_infos: Vec<TimelineInfo> = self
+            .http_request(
+                Method::GET,
+                format!("{}/tenant/{}/timeline", self.http_base_url, tenant_id),
+            )?
+            .send()?
+            .error_from_body()?
+            .json()?;
+
+        Ok(timeline_infos)
+    }
+
+    pub fn timeline_create(
        &self,
-        tenant_shard_id: &TenantShardId,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<TimelineInfo>> {
-        Ok(self.http_client.list_timelines(*tenant_shard_id).await?)
-    }
-
-    pub async fn tenant_secondary_download(&self, tenant_id: &TenantShardId) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        Ok(self
-            .http_client
-            .tenant_secondary_download(*tenant_id)
-            .await?)
-    }
-
-    pub async fn timeline_create(
-        &self,
-        tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-        new_timeline_id: TimelineId,
+        tenant_id: TenantId,
+        new_timeline_id: Option<TimelineId>,
        ancestor_start_lsn: Option<Lsn>,
        ancestor_timeline_id: Option<TimelineId>,
        pg_version: Option<u32>,
        existing_initdb_timeline_id: Option<TimelineId>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<TimelineInfo> {
-        let req = models::TimelineCreateRequest {
+        // If timeline ID was not specified, generate one
+        let new_timeline_id = new_timeline_id.unwrap_or(TimelineId::generate());
+
+        self.http_request(
+            Method::POST,
+            format!("{}/tenant/{}/timeline", self.http_base_url, tenant_id),
+        )?
+        .json(&models::TimelineCreateRequest {
            new_timeline_id,
            ancestor_start_lsn,
            ancestor_timeline_id,
            pg_version,
            existing_initdb_timeline_id,
-        };
-        Ok(self
-            .http_client
-            .timeline_create(tenant_shard_id, &req)
-            .await?)
+        })
+        .send()?
+        .error_from_body()?
+        .json::<Option<TimelineInfo>>()
+        .with_context(|| {
+            format!("Failed to parse timeline creation response for tenant id: {tenant_id}")
+        })?
+        .with_context(|| {
+            format!(
+                "No timeline id was found in the timeline creation response for tenant {tenant_id}"
+            )
+        })
    }

    /// Import a basebackup prepared using either:
@@ -566,7 +603,7 @@ impl PageServerNode {
    /// * `timeline_id` - id to assign to imported timeline
    /// * `base` - (start lsn of basebackup, path to `base.tar` file)
    /// * `pg_wal` - if there's any wal to import: (end lsn, path to `pg_wal.tar`)
-    pub async fn timeline_import(
+    pub fn timeline_import(
        &self,
        tenant_id: TenantId,
        timeline_id: TimelineId,
@@ -574,72 +611,38 @@ impl PageServerNode {
        pg_wal: Option<(Lsn, PathBuf)>,
        pg_version: u32,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        let (client, conn) = self.page_server_psql_client().await?;
-        // The connection object performs the actual communication with the database,
-        // so spawn it off to run on its own.
-        tokio::spawn(async move {
-            if let Err(e) = conn.await {
-                eprintln!("connection error: {}", e);
-            }
-        });
-        tokio::pin!(client);
+        let mut client = self.page_server_psql_client()?;

        // Init base reader
        let (start_lsn, base_tarfile_path) = base;
-        let base_tarfile = tokio::fs::File::open(base_tarfile_path).await?;
-        let base_tarfile = tokio_util::io::ReaderStream::new(base_tarfile);
+        let base_tarfile = File::open(base_tarfile_path)?;
+        let mut base_reader = BufReader::new(base_tarfile);

        // Init wal reader if necessary
        let (end_lsn, wal_reader) = if let Some((end_lsn, wal_tarfile_path)) = pg_wal {
-            let wal_tarfile = tokio::fs::File::open(wal_tarfile_path).await?;
-            let wal_reader = tokio_util::io::ReaderStream::new(wal_tarfile);
+            let wal_tarfile = File::open(wal_tarfile_path)?;
+            let wal_reader = BufReader::new(wal_tarfile);
            (end_lsn, Some(wal_reader))
        } else {
            (start_lsn, None)
        };

-        let copy_in = |reader, cmd| {
-            let client = &client;
-            async move {
-                let writer = client.copy_in(&cmd).await?;
-                let writer = std::pin::pin!(writer);
-                let mut writer = writer.sink_map_err(|e| {
-                    std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Other, format!("{e}"))
-                });
-                let mut reader = std::pin::pin!(reader);
-                writer.send_all(&mut reader).await?;
-                writer.into_inner().finish().await?;
-                anyhow::Ok(())
-            }
-        };
-
        // Import base
-        copy_in(
-            base_tarfile,
-            format!(
-                "import basebackup {tenant_id} {timeline_id} {start_lsn} {end_lsn} {pg_version}"
-            ),
-        )
-        .await?;
+        let import_cmd = format!(
+            "import basebackup {tenant_id} {timeline_id} {start_lsn} {end_lsn} {pg_version}"
+        );
+        let mut writer = client.copy_in(&import_cmd)?;
+        io::copy(&mut base_reader, &mut writer)?;
+        writer.finish()?;
+
        // Import wal if necessary
-        if let Some(wal_reader) = wal_reader {
-            copy_in(
-                wal_reader,
-                format!("import wal {tenant_id} {timeline_id} {start_lsn} {end_lsn}"),
-            )
-            .await?;
+        if let Some(mut wal_reader) = wal_reader {
+            let import_cmd = format!("import wal {tenant_id} {timeline_id} {start_lsn} {end_lsn}");
+            let mut writer = client.copy_in(&import_cmd)?;
+            io::copy(&mut wal_reader, &mut writer)?;
+            writer.finish()?;
        }

        Ok(())
    }
-
-    pub async fn tenant_synthetic_size(
-        &self,
-        tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<TenantHistorySize> {
-        Ok(self
-            .http_client
-            .tenant_synthetic_size(tenant_shard_id)
-            .await?)
-    }
 }
--- a/control_plane/src/safekeeper.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/safekeeper.rs
@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@
 //! ```
 use std::io::Write;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::process::Child;
 use std::{io, result};

 use anyhow::Context;
 use camino::Utf8PathBuf;
 use postgres_connection::PgConnectionConfig;
+use reqwest::blocking::{Client, RequestBuilder, Response};
 use reqwest::{IntoUrl, Method};
 use thiserror::Error;
 use utils::{http::error::HttpErrorBody, id::NodeId};
@@ -32,14 +34,12 @@ pub enum SafekeeperHttpError {

 type Result<T> = result::Result<T, SafekeeperHttpError>;

-#[async_trait::async_trait]
 pub trait ResponseErrorMessageExt: Sized {
-    async fn error_from_body(self) -> Result<Self>;
+    fn error_from_body(self) -> Result<Self>;
 }

-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl ResponseErrorMessageExt for reqwest::Response {
-    async fn error_from_body(self) -> Result<Self> {
+impl ResponseErrorMessageExt for Response {
+    fn error_from_body(self) -> Result<Self> {
        let status = self.status();
        if !(status.is_client_error() || status.is_server_error()) {
            return Ok(self);
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl ResponseErrorMessageExt for reqwest::Response {
        // reqwest does not export its error construction utility functions, so let's craft the message ourselves
        let url = self.url().to_owned();
        Err(SafekeeperHttpError::Response(
-            match self.json::<HttpErrorBody>().await {
+            match self.json::<HttpErrorBody>() {
                Ok(err_body) => format!("Error: {}", err_body.msg),
                Err(_) => format!("Http error ({}) at {}.", status.as_u16(), url),
            },
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub struct SafekeeperNode {

    pub pg_connection_config: PgConnectionConfig,
    pub env: LocalEnv,
-    pub http_client: reqwest::Client,
+    pub http_client: Client,
    pub http_base_url: String,
 }

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl SafekeeperNode {
            conf: conf.clone(),
            pg_connection_config: Self::safekeeper_connection_config(conf.pg_port),
            env: env.clone(),
-            http_client: reqwest::Client::new(),
+            http_client: Client::new(),
            http_base_url: format!("http://127.0.0.1:{}/v1", conf.http_port),
        }
    }
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl SafekeeperNode {
            .expect("non-Unicode path")
    }

-    pub async fn start(&self, extra_opts: Vec<String>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    pub fn start(&self, extra_opts: Vec<String>) -> anyhow::Result<Child> {
        print!(
            "Starting safekeeper at '{}' in '{}'",
            self.pg_connection_config.raw_address(),
@@ -191,16 +191,13 @@ impl SafekeeperNode {
            &self.env.safekeeper_bin(),
            &args,
            [],
-            background_process::InitialPidFile::Expect(self.pid_file()),
-            || async {
-                match self.check_status().await {
-                    Ok(()) => Ok(true),
-                    Err(SafekeeperHttpError::Transport(_)) => Ok(false),
-                    Err(e) => Err(anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to check node status: {e}")),
-                }
+            background_process::InitialPidFile::Expect(&self.pid_file()),
+            || match self.check_status() {
+                Ok(()) => Ok(true),
+                Err(SafekeeperHttpError::Transport(_)) => Ok(false),
+                Err(e) => Err(anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to check node status: {e}")),
            },
        )
-        .await
    }

    ///
@@ -219,7 +216,7 @@ impl SafekeeperNode {
        )
    }

-    fn http_request<U: IntoUrl>(&self, method: Method, url: U) -> reqwest::RequestBuilder {
+    fn http_request<U: IntoUrl>(&self, method: Method, url: U) -> RequestBuilder {
        // TODO: authentication
        //if self.env.auth_type == AuthType::NeonJWT {
        //    builder = builder.bearer_auth(&self.env.safekeeper_auth_token)
@@ -227,12 +224,10 @@ impl SafekeeperNode {
        self.http_client.request(method, url)
    }

-    pub async fn check_status(&self) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn check_status(&self) -> Result<()> {
        self.http_request(Method::GET, format!("{}/{}", self.http_base_url, "status"))
-            .send()
-            .await?
-            .error_from_body()
-            .await?;
+            .send()?
+            .error_from_body()?;
        Ok(())
    }
 }
--- a/control_plane/src/tenant_migration.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/tenant_migration.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+//!
+//! Functionality for migrating tenants across pageservers: unlike most of neon_local, this code
+//! isn't scoped to a particular physical service, as it needs to update compute endpoints to
+//! point to the new pageserver.
+//!
+use crate::local_env::LocalEnv;
+use crate::{
+    attachment_service::AttachmentService, endpoint::ComputeControlPlane,
+    pageserver::PageServerNode,
+};
+use pageserver_api::models::{
+    LocationConfig, LocationConfigMode, LocationConfigSecondary, TenantConfig,
+};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::time::Duration;
+use utils::{
+    id::{TenantId, TimelineId},
+    lsn::Lsn,
+};
+
+/// Given an attached pageserver, retrieve the LSN for all timelines
+fn get_lsns(
+    tenant_id: TenantId,
+    pageserver: &PageServerNode,
+) -> anyhow::Result<HashMap<TimelineId, Lsn>> {
+    let timelines = pageserver.timeline_list(&tenant_id)?;
+    Ok(timelines
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|t| (t.timeline_id, t.last_record_lsn))
+        .collect())
+}
+
+/// Wait for the timeline LSNs on `pageserver` to catch up with or overtake
+/// `baseline`.
+fn await_lsn(
+    tenant_id: TenantId,
+    pageserver: &PageServerNode,
+    baseline: HashMap<TimelineId, Lsn>,
+) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    loop {
+        let latest = match get_lsns(tenant_id, pageserver) {
+            Ok(l) => l,
+            Err(e) => {
+                println!(
+                    "🕑 Can't get LSNs on pageserver {} yet, waiting ({e})",
+                    pageserver.conf.id
+                );
+                std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500));
+                continue;
+            }
+        };
+
+        let mut any_behind: bool = false;
+        for (timeline_id, baseline_lsn) in &baseline {
+            match latest.get(timeline_id) {
+                Some(latest_lsn) => {
+                    println!("🕑 LSN origin {baseline_lsn} vs destination {latest_lsn}");
+                    if latest_lsn < baseline_lsn {
+                        any_behind = true;
+                    }
+                }
+                None => {
+                    // Expected timeline isn't yet visible on migration destination.
+                    // (IRL we would have to account for timeline deletion, but this
+                    //  is just test helper)
+                    any_behind = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if !any_behind {
+            println!("✅ LSN caught up.  Proceeding...");
+            break;
+        } else {
+            std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500));
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// This function spans multiple services, to demonstrate live migration of a tenant
+/// between pageservers:
+///  - Coordinate attach/secondary/detach on pageservers
+///  - call into attachment_service for generations
+///  - reconfigure compute endpoints to point to new attached pageserver
+pub fn migrate_tenant(
+    env: &LocalEnv,
+    tenant_id: TenantId,
+    dest_ps: PageServerNode,
+) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    // Get a new generation
+    let attachment_service = AttachmentService::from_env(env);
+
+    fn build_location_config(
+        mode: LocationConfigMode,
+        generation: Option<u32>,
+        secondary_conf: Option<LocationConfigSecondary>,
+    ) -> LocationConfig {
+        LocationConfig {
+            mode,
+            generation,
+            secondary_conf,
+            tenant_conf: TenantConfig::default(),
+            shard_number: 0,
+            shard_count: 0,
+            shard_stripe_size: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    let previous = attachment_service.inspect(tenant_id)?;
+    let mut baseline_lsns = None;
+    if let Some((generation, origin_ps_id)) = &previous {
+        let origin_ps = PageServerNode::from_env(env, env.get_pageserver_conf(*origin_ps_id)?);
+
+        if origin_ps_id == &dest_ps.conf.id {
+            println!("🔁 Already attached to {origin_ps_id}, freshening...");
+            let gen = attachment_service.attach_hook(tenant_id, dest_ps.conf.id)?;
+            let dest_conf = build_location_config(LocationConfigMode::AttachedSingle, gen, None);
+            dest_ps.location_config(tenant_id, dest_conf, None)?;
+            println!("✅ Migration complete");
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        println!("🔁 Switching origin pageserver {origin_ps_id} to stale mode");
+
+        let stale_conf =
+            build_location_config(LocationConfigMode::AttachedStale, Some(*generation), None);
+        origin_ps.location_config(tenant_id, stale_conf, Some(Duration::from_secs(10)))?;
+
+        baseline_lsns = Some(get_lsns(tenant_id, &origin_ps)?);
+    }
+
+    let gen = attachment_service.attach_hook(tenant_id, dest_ps.conf.id)?;
+    let dest_conf = build_location_config(LocationConfigMode::AttachedMulti, gen, None);
+
+    println!("🔁 Attaching to pageserver {}", dest_ps.conf.id);
+    dest_ps.location_config(tenant_id, dest_conf, None)?;
+
+    if let Some(baseline) = baseline_lsns {
+        println!("🕑 Waiting for LSN to catch up...");
+        await_lsn(tenant_id, &dest_ps, baseline)?;
+    }
+
+    let cplane = ComputeControlPlane::load(env.clone())?;
+    for (endpoint_name, endpoint) in &cplane.endpoints {
+        if endpoint.tenant_id == tenant_id {
+            println!(
+                "🔁 Reconfiguring endpoint {} to use pageserver {}",
+                endpoint_name, dest_ps.conf.id
+            );
+            endpoint.reconfigure(Some(dest_ps.conf.id))?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for other_ps_conf in &env.pageservers {
+        if other_ps_conf.id == dest_ps.conf.id {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let other_ps = PageServerNode::from_env(env, other_ps_conf);
+        let other_ps_tenants = other_ps.tenant_list()?;
+
+        // Check if this tenant is attached
+        let found = other_ps_tenants
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|t| t.id)
+            .any(|i| i.tenant_id == tenant_id);
+        if !found {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Downgrade to a secondary location
+        let secondary_conf = build_location_config(
+            LocationConfigMode::Secondary,
+            None,
+            Some(LocationConfigSecondary { warm: true }),
+        );
+
+        println!(
+            "💤 Switching to secondary mode on pageserver {}",
+            other_ps.conf.id
+        );
+        other_ps.location_config(tenant_id, secondary_conf, None)?;
+    }
+
+    println!(
+        "🔁 Switching to AttachedSingle mode on pageserver {}",
+        dest_ps.conf.id
+    );
+    let dest_conf = build_location_config(LocationConfigMode::AttachedSingle, gen, None);
+    dest_ps.location_config(tenant_id, dest_conf, None)?;
+
+    println!("✅ Migration complete");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/deny.toml
+++ b/deny.toml
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ allow = [
    "Artistic-2.0",
    "BSD-2-Clause",
    "BSD-3-Clause",
-    "CC0-1.0",
    "ISC",
    "MIT",
    "MPL-2.0",
--- a/diesel.toml
+++ b/diesel.toml
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-# For documentation on how to configure this file,
-# see https://diesel.rs/guides/configuring-diesel-cli
-
-[print_schema]
-file = "control_plane/attachment_service/src/schema.rs"
-custom_type_derives = ["diesel::query_builder::QueryId"]
-
-[migrations_directory]
-dir = "control_plane/attachment_service/migrations"
--- a/docs/rfcs/029-getpage-throttling.md
+++ b/docs/rfcs/029-getpage-throttling.md
@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-# Per-Tenant GetPage@LSN Throttling
-
-Author: Christian Schwarz
-Date: Oct 24, 2023
-
-## Summary
-
-This RFC proposes per-tenant throttling of GetPage@LSN requests inside Pageserver
-and the interactions with its client, i.e., the neon_smgr component in Compute.
-
-The result of implementing & executing this RFC will be a fleet-wide upper limit for
-**"the highest GetPage/second that Pageserver can support for a single tenant/shard"**.
-
-## Background
-
-### GetPage@LSN Request Flow
-
-Pageserver exposes its `page_service.rs` as a libpq listener.
-The Computes' `neon_smgr` module connects to that libpq listener.
-Once a connection is established, the protocol allows Compute to request page images at a given LSN.
-We call these requests GetPage@LSN requests, or GetPage requests for short.
-Other request types can be sent, but these are low traffic compared to GetPage requests
-and are not the concern of this RFC.
-
-Pageserver associates one libpq connection with one tokio task.
-
-Per connection/task, the pq protocol is handled by the common `postgres_backend` crate.
-Its `run_message_loop` function invokes the `page_service` specific `impl<IO> postgres_backend::Handler<IO> for PageServerHandler`.
-Requests are processed in the order in which they arrive via the TCP-based pq protocol.
-So, there is no concurrent request processing within one connection/task.
-
-There is a degree of natural pipelining:
-Compute can "fill the pipe" by sending more than one GetPage request into the libpq TCP stream.
-And Pageserver can fill the pipe with responses in the other direction.
-Both directions are subject to the limit of tx/rx buffers, nodelay, TCP flow control, etc.
-
-### GetPage@LSN Access Pattern
-
-The Compute has its own hierarchy of caches, specifically `shared_buffers` and the `local file cache` (LFC).
-Compute only issues GetPage requests to Pageserver if it encounters a miss in these caches.
-
-If the working set stops fitting into Compute's caches, requests to Pageserver increase sharply -- the Compute starts *thrashing*.
-
-## Motivation
-
-In INC-69, a tenant issued 155k GetPage/second for a period of 10 minutes and 60k GetPage/second for a period of 3h,
-then dropping to ca 18k GetPage/second for a period of 9h.
-
-We noticed this because of an internal GetPage latency SLO burn rate alert, i.e.,
-the request latency profile during this period significantly exceeded what was acceptable according to the internal SLO.
-
-Sadly, we do not have the observability data to determine the impact of this tenant on other tenants on the same tenants.
-
-However, here are some illustrative data points for the 155k period:
-The tenant was responsible for >= 99% of the GetPage traffic and, frankly, the overall activity on this Pageserver instance.
-We were serving pages at 10 Gb/s (`155k x 8 kbyte (PAGE_SZ) per second is 1.12GiB/s = 9.4Gb/s.`)
-The CPU utilization of the instance was 75% user+system.
-Pageserver page cache served 1.75M accesses/second at a hit rate of ca 90%.
-The hit rate for materialized pages was ca. 40%.
-Curiously, IOPS to the Instance Store NVMe were very low, rarely exceeding 100.
-
-The fact that the IOPS were so low / the materialized page cache hit rate was so high suggests that **this tenant's compute's caches were thrashing**.
-The compute was of type `k8s-pod`; hence, auto-scaling could/would not have helped remediate the thrashing by provisioning more RAM.
-The consequence was that the **thrashing translated into excessive GetPage requests against Pageserver**.
-
-My claim is that it was **unhealthy to serve this workload at the pace we did**:
-* it is likely that other tenants were/would have experienced high latencies (again, we sadly don't have per-tenant latency data to confirm this)
-* more importantly, it was **unsustainable** to serve traffic at this pace for multiple reasons:
-    * **predictability of performance**: when the working set grows, the pageserver materialized page cache hit rate drops.
-      At some point, we're bound by the EC2 Instance Store NVMe drive's IOPS limit.
-      The result is an **uneven** performance profile from the Compute perspective.
-
-    * **economics**: Neon currently does not charge for IOPS, only capacity.
-      **We cannot afford to undercut the market in IOPS/$ this drastically; it leads to adverse selection and perverse incentives.**
-      For example, the 155k IOPS, which we served for 10min, would cost ca. 6.5k$/month when provisioned as an io2 EBS volume.
-      Even the 18k IOPS, which we served for 9h, would cost ca. 1.1k$/month when provisioned as an io2 EBS volume.
-      We charge 0$.
-      It could be economically advantageous to keep using a low-DRAM compute because Pageserver IOPS are fast enough and free.
-
-
-Note: It is helpful to think of Pageserver as a disk, because it's precisely where `neon_smgr` sits:
-vanilla Postgres gets its pages from disk, Neon Postgres gets them from Pageserver.
-So, regarding the above performance & economic arguments, it is fair to say that we currently provide an "as-fast-as-possible-IOPS" disk that we charge for only by capacity.
-
-## Solution: Throttling GetPage Requests
-
-**The consequence of the above analysis must be that Pageserver throttles GetPage@LSN requests**.
-That is, unless we want to start charging for provisioned GetPage@LSN/second.
-Throttling sets the correct incentive for a thrashing Compute to scale up its DRAM to the working set size.
-Neon Autoscaling will make this easy, [eventually](https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/3913).
-
-## The Design Space
-
-What that remains is the question about *policy* and *mechanism*:
-
-**Policy** concerns itself with the question of what limit applies to a given connection|timeline|tenant.
-Candidates are:
-
-* hard limit, same limit value per connection|timeline|tenant
-    * Per-tenant will provide an upper bound for the impact of a tenant on a given Pageserver instance.
-      This is a major operational pain point / risk right now.
-* hard limit, configurable per connection|timeline|tenant
-    * This outsources policy to console/control plane, with obvious advantages for flexible structuring of what service we offer to customers.
-    * Note that this is not a mechanism to guarantee a minium provisioned rate, i.e., this is not a mechanism to guarantee a certain QoS for a tenant.
-* fair share among active connections|timelines|tenants per instance
-    * example: each connection|timeline|tenant gets a fair fraction of the machine's GetPage/second capacity
-    * NB: needs definition of "active", and knowledge of available GetPage/second capacity in advance
-* ...
-
-
-Regarding **mechanism**, it's clear that **backpressure** is the way to go.
-However, we must choose between
-* **implicit** backpressure through pq/TCP and
-* **explicit** rejection of requests + retries with exponential backoff
-
-Further, there is the question of how throttling GetPage@LSN will affect the **internal GetPage latency SLO**:
-where do we measure the SLI for Pageserver's internal getpage latency SLO? Before or after the throttling?
-
-And when we eventually move the measurement point into the Computes (to avoid coordinated omission),
-how do we avoid counting throttling-induced latency toward the internal getpage latency SLI/SLO?
-
-## Scope Of This RFC
-
-**This RFC proposes introducing a hard GetPage@LSN/second limit per tenant, with the same value applying to each tenant on a Pageserver**.
-
-This proposal is easy to implement and significantly de-risks operating large Pageservers,
-based on the assumption that extremely-high-GetPage-rate-episodes like the one from the "Motivation" section are uncorrelated between tenants.
-
-For example, suppose we pick a limit that allows up to 10 tenants to go at limit rate.
-Suppose our Pageserver can serve 100k GetPage/second total at a 100% page cache miss rate.
-If each tenant gets a hard limit of 10k GetPage/second, we can serve up to 10 tenants at limit speed without latency degradation.
-
-The mechanism for backpressure will be TCP-based implicit backpressure.
-The compute team isn't concerned about prefetch queue depth.
-Pageserver will implement it by delaying the reading of requests from the libpq connection(s).
-
-The rate limit will be implemented using a per-tenant token bucket.
-The bucket will be be shared among all connections to the tenant.
-The bucket implementation supports starvation-preventing `await`ing.
-The current candidate for the implementation is [`leaky_bucket`](https://docs.rs/leaky-bucket/).
-The getpage@lsn benchmark that's being added in https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/5771
-can be used to evaluate the overhead of sharing the bucket among connections of a tenant.
-A possible technique to mitigate the impact of sharing the bucket would be to maintain a buffer of a few tokens per connection handler.
-
-Regarding metrics / the internal GetPage latency SLO:
-we will measure the GetPage latency SLO _after_ the throttler and introduce a new metric to measure the amount of throttling, quantified by:
- histogram that records the tenants' observations of queue depth before they start waiting (one such histogram per pageserver)
- histogram that records the tenants' observations of time spent waiting (one such histogram per pageserver)
-
-Further observability measures:
- an INFO log message at frequency 1/min if the tenant/timeline/connection was throttled in that last minute.
-  The message will identify the tenant/timeline/connection to allow correlation with compute logs/stats.
-
-Rollout will happen as follows:
- deploy 1: implementation + config: disabled by default, ability to enable it per tenant through tenant_conf
- experimentation in staging and later production to study impact & interaction with auto-scaling
- determination of a sensible global default value
-  - the value will be chosen as high as possible ...
-  - ... but low enough to work towards this RFC's goal that one tenant should not be able to dominate a pageserver instance.
- deploy 2: implementation fixes if any + config: enabled by default with the aforementioned global default
- reset of the experimental per-tenant overrides
- gain experience & lower the limit over time
-  - we stop lowering the limit as soon as this RFC's goal is achieved, i.e.,
-    once we decide that in practice the chosen value sufficiently de-risks operating large pageservers
-
-The per-tenant override will remain for emergencies and testing.
-But since Console doesn't preserve it during tenant migrations, it isn't durably configurable for the tenant.
-
-Toward the upper layers of the Neon stack, the resulting limit will be
-**"the highest GetPage/second that Pageserver can support for a single tenant"**.
-
-### Rationale
-
-We decided against error + retry because of worries about starvation.
-
-## Future Work
-
-Enable per-tenant emergency override of the limit via Console.
-Should be part of a more general framework to specify tenant config overrides.
-**NB:** this is **not** the right mechanism to _sell_ different max GetPage/second levels to users,
-or _auto-scale_ the GetPage/second levels. Such functionality will require a separate RFC that
-concerns itself with GetPage/second capacity planning.
-
-Compute-side metrics for GetPage latency.
-
-Back-channel to inform Compute/Autoscaling/ControlPlane that the project is being throttled.
-
-Compute-side neon_smgr improvements to avoid sending the same GetPage request multiple times if multiple backends experience a cache miss.
-
-Dealing with read-only endpoints: users use read-only endpoints to scale reads for a single tenant.
-Possibly there are also assumptions around read-only endpoints not affecting the primary read-write endpoint's performance.
-With per-tenant rate limiting, we will not meet that expectation.
-However, we can currently only scale per tenant.
-Soon, we will have sharding (#5505), which will apply the throttling on a per-shard basis.
-But, that's orthogonal to scaling reads: if many endpoints hit one shard, they share the same throttling limit.
-To solve this properly, I think we'll need replicas for tenants / shard.
-To performance-isolate a tenant's endpoints from each other, we'd then route them to different replicas.
--- a/docs/rfcs/030-vectored-timeline-get.md
+++ b/docs/rfcs/030-vectored-timeline-get.md
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-# Vectored Timeline Get
-
-Created on: 2024-01-02
-Author: Christian Schwarz
-
-# Summary
-
-A brief RFC / GitHub Epic describing a vectored version of the `Timeline::get` method that is at the heart of Pageserver.
-
-# Motivation
-
-During basebackup, we issue many `Timeline::get` calls for SLRU pages that are *adjacent* in key space.
-For an example, see
-https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/blob/5c88213eaf1b1e29c610a078d0b380f69ed49a7e/pageserver/src/basebackup.rs#L281-L302.
-
-Each of these `Timeline::get` calls must traverse the layer map to gather reconstruct data (`Timeline::get_reconstruct_data`) for the requested page number (`blknum` in the example).
-For each layer visited by layer map traversal, we do a `DiskBtree` point lookup.
-If it's negative (no entry), we resume layer map traversal.
-If it's positive, we collect the result in our reconstruct data bag.
-If the reconstruct data bag contents suffice to reconstruct the page, we're done with `get_reconstruct_data` and move on to walredo.
-Otherwise, we resume layer map traversal.
-
-Doing this many `Timeline::get` calls is quite inefficient because:
-
-1. We do the layer map traversal repeatedly, even if, e.g., all the data sits in the same image layer at the bottom of the stack.
-2. We may visit many DiskBtree inner pages multiple times for point lookup of different keys.
-   This is likely particularly bad for L0s which span the whole key space and hence must be visited by layer map traversal, but
-   may not contain the data we're looking for.
-3. Anecdotally, keys adjacent in keyspace and written simultaneously also end up physically adjacent in the layer files [^1].
-   So, to provide the reconstruct data for N adjacent keys, we would actually only _need_ to issue a single large read to the filesystem, instead of the N reads we currently do.
-   The filesystem, in turn, ideally stores the layer file physically contiguously, so our large read will turn into one IOP toward the disk.
-
-[^1]: https://www.notion.so/neondatabase/Christian-Investigation-Slow-Basebackups-Early-2023-12-34ea5c7dcdc1485d9ac3731da4d2a6fc?pvs=4#15ee4e143392461fa64590679c8f54c9
-
-# Solution
-
-We should have a vectored aka batched aka scatter-gather style alternative API for `Timeline::get`. Having such an API  unlocks:
-
-* more efficient basebackup
-* batched IO during compaction (useful for strides of unchanged pages)
-* page_service: expose vectored get_page_at_lsn for compute (=> good for seqscan / prefetch)
-  * if [on-demand SLRU downloads](https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/6151) land before vectored Timeline::get, on-demand SLRU downloads will still benefit from this API
-
-# DoD
-
-There is a new variant of `Timeline::get`, called `Timeline::get_vectored`.
-It takes as arguments an `lsn: Lsn` and a `src: &[KeyVec]` where `struct KeyVec { base: Key, count: usize }`.
-
-It is up to the implementor to figure out a suitable and efficient way to return the reconstructed page images.
-It is sufficient to simply return a `Vec<Bytes>`, but, likely more efficient solutions can be found after studying all the callers of `Timeline::get`.
-
-Functionally, the behavior of `Timeline::get_vectored` is equivalent to
-
-```rust
-let mut keys_iter: impl Iterator<Item=Key>
-  = src.map(|KeyVec{ base, count }| (base..base+count)).flatten();
-let mut out = Vec::new();
-for key in keys_iter {
-    let data = Timeline::get(key, lsn)?;
-    out.push(data);
-}
-return out;
-```
-
-However, unlike above, an ideal solution will
-
-* Visit each `struct Layer` at most once.
-* For each visited layer, call `Layer::get_value_reconstruct_data` at most once.
-  * This means, read each `DiskBtree` page at most once.
-* Facilitate merging of the reads we issue to the OS and eventually NVMe.
-
-Each of these items above represents a signficant amount of work.
-
-## Performance
-
-Ideally, the **base performance** of a vectored get of a single page should be identical to the current `Timeline::get`.
-A reasonable constant overhead over current `Timeline::get` is acceptable.
-
-The performance improvement for the vectored use case is demonstrated in some way, e.g., using the `pagebench` basebackup benchmark against a tenant with a lot of SLRU segments.
-
-# Implementation
-
-High-level set of tasks / changes to be made:
-
- **Get clarity on API**:
-  - Define naive `Timeline::get_vectored` implementation & adopt it across pageserver.
-  - The tricky thing here will be the return type (e.g. `Vec<Bytes>` vs `impl Stream`).
-  - Start with something simple to explore the different usages of the API.
-    Then iterate with peers until we have something that is good enough.
- **Vectored Layer Map traversal**
-  - Vectored `LayerMap::search` (take 1 LSN and N `Key`s instead of just 1 LSN and 1 `Key`)
-  - Refactor `Timeline::get_reconstruct_data` to hold & return state for N `Key`s instead of 1
-    - The slightly tricky part here is what to do about `cont_lsn` [after we've found some reconstruct data for some keys](https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/blob/d066dad84b076daf3781cdf9a692098889d3974e/pageserver/src/tenant/timeline.rs#L2378-L2385)
-      but need more.
-      Likely we'll need to keep track of `cont_lsn` per key and continue next iteration at `max(cont_lsn)` of all keys that still need data.
- **Vectored `Layer::get_value_reconstruct_data` / `DiskBtree`**
-  - Current code calls it [here](https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/blob/d066dad84b076daf3781cdf9a692098889d3974e/pageserver/src/tenant/timeline.rs#L2378-L2384).
-  - Delta layers use `DiskBtreeReader::visit()` to collect the `(offset,len)` pairs for delta record blobs to load.
-  - Image layers use `DiskBtreeReader::get` to get the offset of the image blob to load. Underneath, that's just a `::visit()` call.
-  - What needs to happen to `DiskBtree::visit()`?
-    * Minimally
-      * take a single `KeyVec` instead of a single `Key` as argument, i.e., take a single contiguous key range to visit.
-      * Change the visit code to to invoke the callback for all values in the `KeyVec`'s key range
-      * This should be good enough for what we've seen when investigating basebackup slowness, because there, the key ranges are contiguous.
-    * Ideally:
-      * Take a `&[KeyVec]`, sort it;
-      * during Btree traversal, peek at the next `KeyVec` range to determine whether we need to descend or back out.
-      * NB: this should be a straight-forward extension of the minimal solution above, as we'll already be checking for "is there more key range in the requested `KeyVec`".
- **Facilitate merging of the reads we issue to the OS and eventually NVMe.**
-  - The `DiskBtree::visit` produces a set of offsets which we then read from a `VirtualFile` [here](https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/blob/292281c9dfb24152b728b1a846cc45105dac7fe0/pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/delta_layer.rs#L772-L804)
-    - [Delta layer reads](https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/blob/292281c9dfb24152b728b1a846cc45105dac7fe0/pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/delta_layer.rs#L772-L804)
-      - We hit (and rely) on `PageCache` and `VirtualFile here (not great under pressure)
-    - [Image layer reads](https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/blob/292281c9dfb24152b728b1a846cc45105dac7fe0/pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/image_layer.rs#L429-L435)
-  - What needs to happen is the **vectorization of the `blob_io` interface and then the `VirtualFile` API**.
-  - That is tricky because
-    - the `VirtualFile` API, which sits underneath `blob_io`, is being touched by ongoing [io_uring work](https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/5824)
-    - there's the question how IO buffers will be managed; currently this area relies heavily on `PageCache`, but there's controversy around the future of `PageCache`.
-      - The guiding principle here should be to avoid coupling this work to the `PageCache`.
-      - I.e., treat `PageCache` as an extra hop in the I/O chain, rather than as an integral part of buffer management.
-
-
-Let's see how we can improve by doing the first three items in above list first, then revisit.
-
-## Rollout / Feature Flags
-
-No feature flags are required for this epic.
-
-At the end of this epic, `Timeline::get` forwards to `Timeline::get_vectored`, i.e., it's an all-or-nothing type of change.
-
-It is encouraged to deliver this feature incrementally, i.e., do many small PRs over multiple weeks.
-That will help isolate performance regressions across weekly releases.
-
-# Interaction With Sharding
-
-[Sharding](https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/5432) splits up the key space, see functions `is_key_local` / `key_to_shard_number`.
-
-Just as with `Timeline::get`, callers of `Timeline::get_vectored` are responsible for ensuring that they only ask for blocks of the given `struct Timeline`'s shard.
-
-Given that this is already the case, there shouldn't be significant interaction/interference with sharding.
-
-However, let's have a safety check for this constraint (error or assertion) because there are currently few affordances at the higher layers of Pageserver for sharding<=>keyspace interaction.
-For example, `KeySpace` is not broken up by shard stripe, so if someone naively converted the compaction code to issue a vectored get for a keyspace range it would violate this constraint.
--- a/docs/sourcetree.md
+++ b/docs/sourcetree.md
@@ -129,13 +129,13 @@ Run `poetry shell` to activate the virtual environment.
 Alternatively, use `poetry run` to run a single command in the venv, e.g. `poetry run pytest`.

 ### Obligatory checks
-We force code formatting via `ruff`, and type hints via `mypy`.
+We force code formatting via `black`, `ruff`, and type hints via `mypy`.
 Run the following commands in the repository's root (next to `pyproject.toml`):

 ```bash
-poetry run ruff format . # All code is reformatted
-poetry run ruff check .  # Python linter
-poetry run mypy .        # Ensure there are no typing errors
+poetry run black .  # All code is reformatted
+poetry run ruff .  # Python linter
+poetry run mypy .  # Ensure there are no typing errors
 ```

 **WARNING**: do not run `mypy` from a directory other than the root of the repository.
--- a/libs/compute_api/src/spec.rs
+++ b/libs/compute_api/src/spec.rs
@@ -73,12 +73,6 @@ pub struct ComputeSpec {

    // information about available remote extensions
    pub remote_extensions: Option<RemoteExtSpec>,
-
-    pub pgbouncer_settings: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
-
-    // Stripe size for pageserver sharding, in pages
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub shard_stripe_size: Option<usize>,
 }

 /// Feature flag to signal `compute_ctl` to enable certain experimental functionality.
@@ -86,16 +80,10 @@ pub struct ComputeSpec {
 #[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
 pub enum ComputeFeature {
    // XXX: Add more feature flags here.
-    /// Enable the experimental activity monitor logic, which uses `pg_stat_database` to
-    /// track short-lived connections as user activity.
-    ActivityMonitorExperimental,

-    /// Enable running migrations
-    Migrations,
-
-    /// This is a special feature flag that is used to represent unknown feature flags.
-    /// Basically all unknown to enum flags are represented as this one. See unit test
-    /// `parse_unknown_features()` for more details.
+    // This is a special feature flag that is used to represent unknown feature flags.
+    // Basically all unknown to enum flags are represented as this one. See unit test
+    // `parse_unknown_features()` for more details.
    #[serde(other)]
    UnknownFeature,
 }
@@ -292,23 +280,4 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(spec.features.contains(&ComputeFeature::UnknownFeature));
        assert_eq!(spec.features, vec![ComputeFeature::UnknownFeature; 2]);
    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn parse_known_features() {
-        // Test that we can properly parse known feature flags.
-        let file = File::open("tests/cluster_spec.json").unwrap();
-        let mut json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_reader(file).unwrap();
-        let ob = json.as_object_mut().unwrap();
-
-        // Add known feature flags.
-        let features = vec!["activity_monitor_experimental"];
-        ob.insert("features".into(), features.into());
-
-        let spec: ComputeSpec = serde_json::from_value(json).unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            spec.features,
-            vec![ComputeFeature::ActivityMonitorExperimental]
-        );
-    }
 }
--- a/libs/compute_api/tests/cluster_spec.json
+++ b/libs/compute_api/tests/cluster_spec.json
@@ -243,9 +243,5 @@
        "public_extensions": [
          "postgis"
        ]
-      },
-      "pgbouncer_settings": {
-        "default_pool_size": "42",
-        "pool_mode": "session"
      }
 }
--- a/libs/metrics/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/metrics/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,11 +3,8 @@
 //! Otherwise, we might not see all metrics registered via
 //! a default registry.
 #![deny(clippy::undocumented_unsafe_blocks)]
-
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
-use prometheus::core::{
-    Atomic, AtomicU64, Collector, GenericCounter, GenericCounterVec, GenericGauge, GenericGaugeVec,
-};
+use prometheus::core::{AtomicU64, Collector, GenericGauge, GenericGaugeVec};
 pub use prometheus::opts;
 pub use prometheus::register;
 pub use prometheus::Error;
@@ -135,137 +132,3 @@ fn get_rusage_stats() -> libc::rusage {
        rusage.assume_init()
    }
 }
-
-/// Create an [`IntCounterPairVec`] and registers to default registry.
-#[macro_export(local_inner_macros)]
-macro_rules! register_int_counter_pair_vec {
-    ($NAME1:expr, $HELP1:expr, $NAME2:expr, $HELP2:expr, $LABELS_NAMES:expr $(,)?) => {{
-        match (
-            $crate::register_int_counter_vec!($NAME1, $HELP1, $LABELS_NAMES),
-            $crate::register_int_counter_vec!($NAME2, $HELP2, $LABELS_NAMES),
-        ) {
-            (Ok(inc), Ok(dec)) => Ok($crate::IntCounterPairVec::new(inc, dec)),
-            (Err(e), _) | (_, Err(e)) => Err(e),
-        }
-    }};
-}
-/// Create an [`IntCounterPair`] and registers to default registry.
-#[macro_export(local_inner_macros)]
-macro_rules! register_int_counter_pair {
-    ($NAME1:expr, $HELP1:expr, $NAME2:expr, $HELP2:expr $(,)?) => {{
-        match (
-            $crate::register_int_counter!($NAME1, $HELP1),
-            $crate::register_int_counter!($NAME2, $HELP2),
-        ) {
-            (Ok(inc), Ok(dec)) => Ok($crate::IntCounterPair::new(inc, dec)),
-            (Err(e), _) | (_, Err(e)) => Err(e),
-        }
-    }};
-}
-
-/// A Pair of [`GenericCounterVec`]s. Like an [`GenericGaugeVec`] but will always observe changes
-pub struct GenericCounterPairVec<P: Atomic> {
-    inc: GenericCounterVec<P>,
-    dec: GenericCounterVec<P>,
-}
-
-/// A Pair of [`GenericCounter`]s. Like an [`GenericGauge`] but will always observe changes
-pub struct GenericCounterPair<P: Atomic> {
-    inc: GenericCounter<P>,
-    dec: GenericCounter<P>,
-}
-
-impl<P: Atomic> GenericCounterPairVec<P> {
-    pub fn new(inc: GenericCounterVec<P>, dec: GenericCounterVec<P>) -> Self {
-        Self { inc, dec }
-    }
-
-    /// `get_metric_with_label_values` returns the [`GenericCounterPair<P>`] for the given slice
-    /// of label values (same order as the VariableLabels in Desc). If that combination of
-    /// label values is accessed for the first time, a new [`GenericCounterPair<P>`] is created.
-    ///
-    /// An error is returned if the number of label values is not the same as the
-    /// number of VariableLabels in Desc.
-    pub fn get_metric_with_label_values(&self, vals: &[&str]) -> Result<GenericCounterPair<P>> {
-        Ok(GenericCounterPair {
-            inc: self.inc.get_metric_with_label_values(vals)?,
-            dec: self.dec.get_metric_with_label_values(vals)?,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// `with_label_values` works as `get_metric_with_label_values`, but panics if an error
-    /// occurs.
-    pub fn with_label_values(&self, vals: &[&str]) -> GenericCounterPair<P> {
-        self.get_metric_with_label_values(vals).unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<P: Atomic> GenericCounterPair<P> {
-    pub fn new(inc: GenericCounter<P>, dec: GenericCounter<P>) -> Self {
-        Self { inc, dec }
-    }
-
-    /// Increment the gauge by 1, returning a guard that decrements by 1 on drop.
-    pub fn guard(&self) -> GenericCounterPairGuard<P> {
-        self.inc.inc();
-        GenericCounterPairGuard(self.dec.clone())
-    }
-
-    /// Increment the gauge by n, returning a guard that decrements by n on drop.
-    pub fn guard_by(&self, n: P::T) -> GenericCounterPairGuardBy<P> {
-        self.inc.inc_by(n);
-        GenericCounterPairGuardBy(self.dec.clone(), n)
-    }
-
-    /// Increase the gauge by 1.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn inc(&self) {
-        self.inc.inc();
-    }
-
-    /// Decrease the gauge by 1.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn dec(&self) {
-        self.dec.inc();
-    }
-
-    /// Add the given value to the gauge. (The value can be
-    /// negative, resulting in a decrement of the gauge.)
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn inc_by(&self, v: P::T) {
-        self.inc.inc_by(v);
-    }
-
-    /// Subtract the given value from the gauge. (The value can be
-    /// negative, resulting in an increment of the gauge.)
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn dec_by(&self, v: P::T) {
-        self.dec.inc_by(v);
-    }
-}
-
-/// Guard returned by [`GenericCounterPair::guard`]
-pub struct GenericCounterPairGuard<P: Atomic>(GenericCounter<P>);
-
-impl<P: Atomic> Drop for GenericCounterPairGuard<P> {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.0.inc();
-    }
-}
-/// Guard returned by [`GenericCounterPair::guard_by`]
-pub struct GenericCounterPairGuardBy<P: Atomic>(GenericCounter<P>, P::T);
-
-impl<P: Atomic> Drop for GenericCounterPairGuardBy<P> {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.0.inc_by(self.1);
-    }
-}
-
-/// A Pair of [`IntCounterVec`]s. Like an [`IntGaugeVec`] but will always observe changes
-pub type IntCounterPairVec = GenericCounterPairVec<AtomicU64>;
-
-/// A Pair of [`IntCounter`]s. Like an [`IntGauge`] but will always observe changes
-pub type IntCounterPair = GenericCounterPair<AtomicU64>;
-
-/// A guard for [`IntCounterPair`] that will decrement the gauge on drop
-pub type IntCounterPairGuard = GenericCounterPairGuard<AtomicU64>;
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/Cargo.toml
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ strum.workspace = true
 strum_macros.workspace = true
 hex.workspace = true
 thiserror.workspace = true
-humantime-serde.workspace = true

 workspace_hack.workspace = true

 [dev-dependencies]
 bincode.workspace = true
-rand.workspace = true
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/key.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/key.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
 use byteorder::{ByteOrder, BE};
-use postgres_ffi::relfile_utils::{FSM_FORKNUM, VISIBILITYMAP_FORKNUM};
-use postgres_ffi::{Oid, TransactionId};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use std::{fmt, ops::Range};
-
-use crate::reltag::{BlockNumber, RelTag, SlruKind};
+use std::fmt;

 /// Key used in the Repository kv-store.
 ///
@@ -145,435 +141,6 @@ impl Key {
    }
 }

-// Layout of the Key address space
-//
-// The Key struct, used to address the underlying key-value store, consists of
-// 18 bytes, split into six fields. See 'Key' in repository.rs. We need to map
-// all the data and metadata keys into those 18 bytes.
-//
-// Principles for the mapping:
-//
-// - Things that are often accessed or modified together, should be close to
-//   each other in the key space. For example, if a relation is extended by one
-//   block, we create a new key-value pair for the block data, and update the
-//   relation size entry. Because of that, the RelSize key comes after all the
-//   RelBlocks of a relation: the RelSize and the last RelBlock are always next
-//   to each other.
-//
-// The key space is divided into four major sections, identified by the first
-// byte, and the form a hierarchy:
-//
-// 00 Relation data and metadata
-//
-//   DbDir    () -> (dbnode, spcnode)
-//   Filenodemap
-//   RelDir   -> relnode forknum
-//       RelBlocks
-//       RelSize
-//
-// 01 SLRUs
-//
-//   SlruDir  kind
-//   SlruSegBlocks segno
-//   SlruSegSize
-//
-// 02 pg_twophase
-//
-// 03 misc
-//    Controlfile
-//    checkpoint
-//    pg_version
-//
-// 04 aux files
-//
-// Below is a full list of the keyspace allocation:
-//
-// DbDir:
-// 00 00000000 00000000 00000000 00   00000000
-//
-// Filenodemap:
-// 00 SPCNODE  DBNODE   00000000 00   00000000
-//
-// RelDir:
-// 00 SPCNODE  DBNODE   00000000 00   00000001 (Postgres never uses relfilenode 0)
-//
-// RelBlock:
-// 00 SPCNODE  DBNODE   RELNODE  FORK BLKNUM
-//
-// RelSize:
-// 00 SPCNODE  DBNODE   RELNODE  FORK FFFFFFFF
-//
-// SlruDir:
-// 01 kind     00000000 00000000 00   00000000
-//
-// SlruSegBlock:
-// 01 kind     00000001 SEGNO    00   BLKNUM
-//
-// SlruSegSize:
-// 01 kind     00000001 SEGNO    00   FFFFFFFF
-//
-// TwoPhaseDir:
-// 02 00000000 00000000 00000000 00   00000000
-//
-// TwoPhaseFile:
-// 02 00000000 00000000 00000000 00   XID
-//
-// ControlFile:
-// 03 00000000 00000000 00000000 00   00000000
-//
-// Checkpoint:
-// 03 00000000 00000000 00000000 00   00000001
-//
-// AuxFiles:
-// 03 00000000 00000000 00000000 00   00000002
-//
-
-//-- Section 01: relation data and metadata
-
-pub const DBDIR_KEY: Key = Key {
-    field1: 0x00,
-    field2: 0,
-    field3: 0,
-    field4: 0,
-    field5: 0,
-    field6: 0,
-};
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn dbdir_key_range(spcnode: Oid, dbnode: Oid) -> Range<Key> {
-    Key {
-        field1: 0x00,
-        field2: spcnode,
-        field3: dbnode,
-        field4: 0,
-        field5: 0,
-        field6: 0,
-    }..Key {
-        field1: 0x00,
-        field2: spcnode,
-        field3: dbnode,
-        field4: 0xffffffff,
-        field5: 0xff,
-        field6: 0xffffffff,
-    }
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn relmap_file_key(spcnode: Oid, dbnode: Oid) -> Key {
-    Key {
-        field1: 0x00,
-        field2: spcnode,
-        field3: dbnode,
-        field4: 0,
-        field5: 0,
-        field6: 0,
-    }
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn rel_dir_to_key(spcnode: Oid, dbnode: Oid) -> Key {
-    Key {
-        field1: 0x00,
-        field2: spcnode,
-        field3: dbnode,
-        field4: 0,
-        field5: 0,
-        field6: 1,
-    }
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn rel_block_to_key(rel: RelTag, blknum: BlockNumber) -> Key {
-    Key {
-        field1: 0x00,
-        field2: rel.spcnode,
-        field3: rel.dbnode,
-        field4: rel.relnode,
-        field5: rel.forknum,
-        field6: blknum,
-    }
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn rel_size_to_key(rel: RelTag) -> Key {
-    Key {
-        field1: 0x00,
-        field2: rel.spcnode,
-        field3: rel.dbnode,
-        field4: rel.relnode,
-        field5: rel.forknum,
-        field6: 0xffffffff,
-    }
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn rel_key_range(rel: RelTag) -> Range<Key> {
-    Key {
-        field1: 0x00,
-        field2: rel.spcnode,
-        field3: rel.dbnode,
-        field4: rel.relnode,
-        field5: rel.forknum,
-        field6: 0,
-    }..Key {
-        field1: 0x00,
-        field2: rel.spcnode,
-        field3: rel.dbnode,
-        field4: rel.relnode,
-        field5: rel.forknum + 1,
-        field6: 0,
-    }
-}
-
-//-- Section 02: SLRUs
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn slru_dir_to_key(kind: SlruKind) -> Key {
-    Key {
-        field1: 0x01,
-        field2: match kind {
-            SlruKind::Clog => 0x00,
-            SlruKind::MultiXactMembers => 0x01,
-            SlruKind::MultiXactOffsets => 0x02,
-        },
-        field3: 0,
-        field4: 0,
-        field5: 0,
-        field6: 0,
-    }
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn slru_block_to_key(kind: SlruKind, segno: u32, blknum: BlockNumber) -> Key {
-    Key {
-        field1: 0x01,
-        field2: match kind {
-            SlruKind::Clog => 0x00,
-            SlruKind::MultiXactMembers => 0x01,
-            SlruKind::MultiXactOffsets => 0x02,
-        },
-        field3: 1,
-        field4: segno,
-        field5: 0,
-        field6: blknum,
-    }
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn slru_segment_size_to_key(kind: SlruKind, segno: u32) -> Key {
-    Key {
-        field1: 0x01,
-        field2: match kind {
-            SlruKind::Clog => 0x00,
-            SlruKind::MultiXactMembers => 0x01,
-            SlruKind::MultiXactOffsets => 0x02,
-        },
-        field3: 1,
-        field4: segno,
-        field5: 0,
-        field6: 0xffffffff,
-    }
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn slru_segment_key_range(kind: SlruKind, segno: u32) -> Range<Key> {
-    let field2 = match kind {
-        SlruKind::Clog => 0x00,
-        SlruKind::MultiXactMembers => 0x01,
-        SlruKind::MultiXactOffsets => 0x02,
-    };
-
-    Key {
-        field1: 0x01,
-        field2,
-        field3: 1,
-        field4: segno,
-        field5: 0,
-        field6: 0,
-    }..Key {
-        field1: 0x01,
-        field2,
-        field3: 1,
-        field4: segno,
-        field5: 1,
-        field6: 0,
-    }
-}
-
-//-- Section 03: pg_twophase
-
-pub const TWOPHASEDIR_KEY: Key = Key {
-    field1: 0x02,
-    field2: 0,
-    field3: 0,
-    field4: 0,
-    field5: 0,
-    field6: 0,
-};
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn twophase_file_key(xid: TransactionId) -> Key {
-    Key {
-        field1: 0x02,
-        field2: 0,
-        field3: 0,
-        field4: 0,
-        field5: 0,
-        field6: xid,
-    }
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn twophase_key_range(xid: TransactionId) -> Range<Key> {
-    let (next_xid, overflowed) = xid.overflowing_add(1);
-
-    Key {
-        field1: 0x02,
-        field2: 0,
-        field3: 0,
-        field4: 0,
-        field5: 0,
-        field6: xid,
-    }..Key {
-        field1: 0x02,
-        field2: 0,
-        field3: 0,
-        field4: 0,
-        field5: u8::from(overflowed),
-        field6: next_xid,
-    }
-}
-
-//-- Section 03: Control file
-pub const CONTROLFILE_KEY: Key = Key {
-    field1: 0x03,
-    field2: 0,
-    field3: 0,
-    field4: 0,
-    field5: 0,
-    field6: 0,
-};
-
-pub const CHECKPOINT_KEY: Key = Key {
-    field1: 0x03,
-    field2: 0,
-    field3: 0,
-    field4: 0,
-    field5: 0,
-    field6: 1,
-};
-
-pub const AUX_FILES_KEY: Key = Key {
-    field1: 0x03,
-    field2: 0,
-    field3: 0,
-    field4: 0,
-    field5: 0,
-    field6: 2,
-};
-
-// Reverse mappings for a few Keys.
-// These are needed by WAL redo manager.
-
-// AUX_FILES currently stores only data for logical replication (slots etc), and
-// we don't preserve these on a branch because safekeepers can't follow timeline
-// switch (and generally it likely should be optional), so ignore these.
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn is_inherited_key(key: Key) -> bool {
-    key != AUX_FILES_KEY
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn is_rel_fsm_block_key(key: Key) -> bool {
-    key.field1 == 0x00 && key.field4 != 0 && key.field5 == FSM_FORKNUM && key.field6 != 0xffffffff
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn is_rel_vm_block_key(key: Key) -> bool {
-    key.field1 == 0x00
-        && key.field4 != 0
-        && key.field5 == VISIBILITYMAP_FORKNUM
-        && key.field6 != 0xffffffff
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn key_to_slru_block(key: Key) -> anyhow::Result<(SlruKind, u32, BlockNumber)> {
-    Ok(match key.field1 {
-        0x01 => {
-            let kind = match key.field2 {
-                0x00 => SlruKind::Clog,
-                0x01 => SlruKind::MultiXactMembers,
-                0x02 => SlruKind::MultiXactOffsets,
-                _ => anyhow::bail!("unrecognized slru kind 0x{:02x}", key.field2),
-            };
-            let segno = key.field4;
-            let blknum = key.field6;
-
-            (kind, segno, blknum)
-        }
-        _ => anyhow::bail!("unexpected value kind 0x{:02x}", key.field1),
-    })
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn is_slru_block_key(key: Key) -> bool {
-    key.field1 == 0x01                // SLRU-related
-        && key.field3 == 0x00000001   // but not SlruDir
-        && key.field6 != 0xffffffff // and not SlruSegSize
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
 pub fn is_rel_block_key(key: &Key) -> bool {
-    key.field1 == 0x00 && key.field4 != 0 && key.field6 != 0xffffffff
-}
-
-/// Guaranteed to return `Ok()` if [[is_rel_block_key]] returns `true` for `key`.
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn key_to_rel_block(key: Key) -> anyhow::Result<(RelTag, BlockNumber)> {
-    Ok(match key.field1 {
-        0x00 => (
-            RelTag {
-                spcnode: key.field2,
-                dbnode: key.field3,
-                relnode: key.field4,
-                forknum: key.field5,
-            },
-            key.field6,
-        ),
-        _ => anyhow::bail!("unexpected value kind 0x{:02x}", key.field1),
-    })
-}
-
-impl std::str::FromStr for Key {
-    type Err = anyhow::Error;
-
-    fn from_str(s: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Err> {
-        Self::from_hex(s)
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use std::str::FromStr;
-
-    use crate::key::Key;
-
-    use rand::Rng;
-    use rand::SeedableRng;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn display_fromstr_bijection() {
-        let mut rng = rand::rngs::StdRng::seed_from_u64(42);
-
-        let key = Key {
-            field1: rng.gen(),
-            field2: rng.gen(),
-            field3: rng.gen(),
-            field4: rng.gen(),
-            field5: rng.gen(),
-            field6: rng.gen(),
-        };
-
-        assert_eq!(key, Key::from_str(&format!("{key}")).unwrap());
-    }
+    key.field1 == 0x00 && key.field4 != 0
 }
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/lib.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use const_format::formatcp;
 /// Public API types
 pub mod control_api;
 pub mod key;
-pub mod keyspace;
 pub mod models;
 pub mod reltag;
 pub mod shard;
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/models.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/models.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
-pub mod partitioning;
-
 use std::{
    collections::HashMap,
-    io::{BufRead, Read},
    num::{NonZeroU64, NonZeroUsize},
-    time::{Duration, SystemTime},
+    time::SystemTime,
 };

 use byteorder::{BigEndian, ReadBytesExt};
@@ -18,12 +15,9 @@ use utils::{
    lsn::Lsn,
 };

-use crate::{
-    reltag::RelTag,
-    shard::{ShardCount, ShardStripeSize, TenantShardId},
-};
+use crate::{reltag::RelTag, shard::TenantShardId};
 use anyhow::bail;
-use bytes::{Buf, BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
+use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};

 /// The state of a tenant in this pageserver.
 ///
@@ -191,31 +185,6 @@ pub struct TimelineCreateRequest {
    pub pg_version: Option<u32>,
 }

-/// Parameters that apply to all shards in a tenant.  Used during tenant creation.
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
-#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
-pub struct ShardParameters {
-    pub count: ShardCount,
-    pub stripe_size: ShardStripeSize,
-}
-
-impl ShardParameters {
-    pub const DEFAULT_STRIPE_SIZE: ShardStripeSize = ShardStripeSize(256 * 1024 / 8);
-
-    pub fn is_unsharded(&self) -> bool {
-        self.count == ShardCount(0)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Default for ShardParameters {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            count: ShardCount(0),
-            stripe_size: Self::DEFAULT_STRIPE_SIZE,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
 #[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct TenantCreateRequest {
@@ -223,12 +192,6 @@ pub struct TenantCreateRequest {
    #[serde(default)]
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub generation: Option<u32>,
-
-    // If omitted, create a single shard with TenantShardId::unsharded()
-    #[serde(default)]
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "ShardParameters::is_unsharded")]
-    pub shard_parameters: ShardParameters,
-
    #[serde(flatten)]
    pub config: TenantConfig, // as we have a flattened field, we should reject all unknown fields in it
 }
@@ -251,7 +214,7 @@ impl std::ops::Deref for TenantCreateRequest {

 /// An alternative representation of `pageserver::tenant::TenantConf` with
 /// simpler types.
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Default, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Default)]
 pub struct TenantConfig {
    pub checkpoint_distance: Option<u64>,
    pub checkpoint_timeout: Option<String>,
@@ -266,41 +229,20 @@ pub struct TenantConfig {
    pub lagging_wal_timeout: Option<String>,
    pub max_lsn_wal_lag: Option<NonZeroU64>,
    pub trace_read_requests: Option<bool>,
-    pub eviction_policy: Option<EvictionPolicy>,
+    // We defer the parsing of the eviction_policy field to the request handler.
+    // Otherwise we'd have to move the types for eviction policy into this package.
+    // We might do that once the eviction feature has stabilizied.
+    // For now, this field is not even documented in the openapi_spec.yml.
+    pub eviction_policy: Option<serde_json::Value>,
    pub min_resident_size_override: Option<u64>,
    pub evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold: Option<String>,
    pub gc_feedback: Option<bool>,
-    pub heatmap_period: Option<String>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(tag = "kind")]
-pub enum EvictionPolicy {
-    NoEviction,
-    LayerAccessThreshold(EvictionPolicyLayerAccessThreshold),
-}
-
-impl EvictionPolicy {
-    pub fn discriminant_str(&self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            EvictionPolicy::NoEviction => "NoEviction",
-            EvictionPolicy::LayerAccessThreshold(_) => "LayerAccessThreshold",
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct EvictionPolicyLayerAccessThreshold {
-    #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
-    pub period: Duration,
-    #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
-    pub threshold: Duration,
 }

 /// A flattened analog of a `pagesever::tenant::LocationMode`, which
 /// lists out all possible states (and the virtual "Detached" state)
 /// in a flat form rather than using rust-style enums.
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
 pub enum LocationConfigMode {
    AttachedSingle,
    AttachedMulti,
@@ -309,21 +251,19 @@ pub enum LocationConfigMode {
    Detached,
 }

-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
 pub struct LocationConfigSecondary {
    pub warm: bool,
 }

 /// An alternative representation of `pageserver::tenant::LocationConf`,
 /// for use in external-facing APIs.
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
 pub struct LocationConfig {
    pub mode: LocationConfigMode,
    /// If attaching, in what generation?
    #[serde(default)]
    pub generation: Option<u32>,
-
-    // If requesting mode `Secondary`, configuration for that.
    #[serde(default)]
    pub secondary_conf: Option<LocationConfigSecondary>,

@@ -336,17 +276,11 @@ pub struct LocationConfig {
    #[serde(default)]
    pub shard_stripe_size: u32,

-    // This configuration only affects attached mode, but should be provided irrespective
-    // of the mode, as a secondary location might transition on startup if the response
-    // to the `/re-attach` control plane API requests it.
+    // If requesting mode `Secondary`, configuration for that.
+    // Custom storage configuration for the tenant, if any
    pub tenant_conf: TenantConfig,
 }

-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct LocationConfigListResponse {
-    pub tenant_shards: Vec<(TenantShardId, Option<LocationConfig>)>,
-}
-
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(transparent)]
 pub struct TenantCreateResponse(pub TenantId);
@@ -359,7 +293,7 @@ pub struct StatusResponse {
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
 #[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct TenantLocationConfigRequest {
-    pub tenant_id: TenantShardId,
+    pub tenant_id: TenantId,
    #[serde(flatten)]
    pub config: LocationConfig, // as we have a flattened field, we should reject all unknown fields in it
 }
@@ -430,16 +364,6 @@ pub struct TenantInfo {
    /// If a layer is present in both local FS and S3, it counts only once.
    pub current_physical_size: Option<u64>, // physical size is only included in `tenant_status` endpoint
    pub attachment_status: TenantAttachmentStatus,
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub generation: Option<u32>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
-pub struct TenantDetails {
-    #[serde(flatten)]
-    pub tenant_info: TenantInfo,
-
-    pub timelines: Vec<TimelineId>,
 }

 /// This represents the output of the "timeline_detail" and "timeline_list" API calls.
@@ -621,6 +545,19 @@ pub enum DownloadRemoteLayersTaskState {
    ShutDown,
 }

+pub type ConfigureFailpointsRequest = Vec<FailpointConfig>;
+
+/// Information for configuring a single fail point
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct FailpointConfig {
+    /// Name of the fail point
+    pub name: String,
+    /// List of actions to take, using the format described in `fail::cfg`
+    ///
+    /// We also support `actions = "exit"` to cause the fail point to immediately exit.
+    pub actions: String,
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TimelineGcRequest {
    pub gc_horizon: Option<u64>,
@@ -636,7 +573,6 @@ pub enum PagestreamFeMessage {
 }

 // Wrapped in libpq CopyData
-#[derive(strum_macros::EnumProperty)]
 pub enum PagestreamBeMessage {
    Exists(PagestreamExistsResponse),
    Nblocks(PagestreamNblocksResponse),
@@ -645,29 +581,6 @@ pub enum PagestreamBeMessage {
    DbSize(PagestreamDbSizeResponse),
 }

-// Keep in sync with `pagestore_client.h`
-#[repr(u8)]
-enum PagestreamBeMessageTag {
-    Exists = 100,
-    Nblocks = 101,
-    GetPage = 102,
-    Error = 103,
-    DbSize = 104,
-}
-impl TryFrom<u8> for PagestreamBeMessageTag {
-    type Error = u8;
-    fn try_from(value: u8) -> Result<Self, u8> {
-        match value {
-            100 => Ok(PagestreamBeMessageTag::Exists),
-            101 => Ok(PagestreamBeMessageTag::Nblocks),
-            102 => Ok(PagestreamBeMessageTag::GetPage),
-            103 => Ok(PagestreamBeMessageTag::Error),
-            104 => Ok(PagestreamBeMessageTag::DbSize),
-            _ => Err(value),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct PagestreamExistsRequest {
    pub latest: bool,
@@ -722,17 +635,6 @@ pub struct PagestreamDbSizeResponse {
    pub db_size: i64,
 }

-// This is a cut-down version of TenantHistorySize from the pageserver crate, omitting fields
-// that require pageserver-internal types.  It is sufficient to get the total size.
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
-pub struct TenantHistorySize {
-    pub id: TenantId,
-    /// Size is a mixture of WAL and logical size, so the unit is bytes.
-    ///
-    /// Will be none if `?inputs_only=true` was given.
-    pub size: Option<u64>,
-}
-
 impl PagestreamFeMessage {
    pub fn serialize(&self) -> Bytes {
        let mut bytes = BytesMut::new();
@@ -834,92 +736,35 @@ impl PagestreamBeMessage {
    pub fn serialize(&self) -> Bytes {
        let mut bytes = BytesMut::new();

-        use PagestreamBeMessageTag as Tag;
        match self {
            Self::Exists(resp) => {
-                bytes.put_u8(Tag::Exists as u8);
+                bytes.put_u8(100); /* tag from pagestore_client.h */
                bytes.put_u8(resp.exists as u8);
            }

            Self::Nblocks(resp) => {
-                bytes.put_u8(Tag::Nblocks as u8);
+                bytes.put_u8(101); /* tag from pagestore_client.h */
                bytes.put_u32(resp.n_blocks);
            }

            Self::GetPage(resp) => {
-                bytes.put_u8(Tag::GetPage as u8);
+                bytes.put_u8(102); /* tag from pagestore_client.h */
                bytes.put(&resp.page[..]);
            }

            Self::Error(resp) => {
-                bytes.put_u8(Tag::Error as u8);
+                bytes.put_u8(103); /* tag from pagestore_client.h */
                bytes.put(resp.message.as_bytes());
                bytes.put_u8(0); // null terminator
            }
            Self::DbSize(resp) => {
-                bytes.put_u8(Tag::DbSize as u8);
+                bytes.put_u8(104); /* tag from pagestore_client.h */
                bytes.put_i64(resp.db_size);
            }
        }

        bytes.into()
    }
-
-    pub fn deserialize(buf: Bytes) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
-        let mut buf = buf.reader();
-        let msg_tag = buf.read_u8()?;
-
-        use PagestreamBeMessageTag as Tag;
-        let ok =
-            match Tag::try_from(msg_tag).map_err(|tag: u8| anyhow::anyhow!("invalid tag {tag}"))? {
-                Tag::Exists => {
-                    let exists = buf.read_u8()?;
-                    Self::Exists(PagestreamExistsResponse {
-                        exists: exists != 0,
-                    })
-                }
-                Tag::Nblocks => {
-                    let n_blocks = buf.read_u32::<BigEndian>()?;
-                    Self::Nblocks(PagestreamNblocksResponse { n_blocks })
-                }
-                Tag::GetPage => {
-                    let mut page = vec![0; 8192]; // TODO: use MaybeUninit
-                    buf.read_exact(&mut page)?;
-                    PagestreamBeMessage::GetPage(PagestreamGetPageResponse { page: page.into() })
-                }
-                Tag::Error => {
-                    let mut msg = Vec::new();
-                    buf.read_until(0, &mut msg)?;
-                    let cstring = std::ffi::CString::from_vec_with_nul(msg)?;
-                    let rust_str = cstring.to_str()?;
-                    PagestreamBeMessage::Error(PagestreamErrorResponse {
-                        message: rust_str.to_owned(),
-                    })
-                }
-                Tag::DbSize => {
-                    let db_size = buf.read_i64::<BigEndian>()?;
-                    Self::DbSize(PagestreamDbSizeResponse { db_size })
-                }
-            };
-        let remaining = buf.into_inner();
-        if !remaining.is_empty() {
-            anyhow::bail!(
-                "remaining bytes in msg with tag={msg_tag}: {}",
-                remaining.len()
-            );
-        }
-        Ok(ok)
-    }
-
-    pub fn kind(&self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            Self::Exists(_) => "Exists",
-            Self::Nblocks(_) => "Nblocks",
-            Self::GetPage(_) => "GetPage",
-            Self::Error(_) => "Error",
-            Self::DbSize(_) => "DbSize",
-        }
-    }
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -985,7 +830,6 @@ mod tests {
            state: TenantState::Active,
            current_physical_size: Some(42),
            attachment_status: TenantAttachmentStatus::Attached,
-            generation: None,
        };
        let expected_active = json!({
            "id": original_active.id.to_string(),
@@ -1006,7 +850,6 @@ mod tests {
            },
            current_physical_size: Some(42),
            attachment_status: TenantAttachmentStatus::Attached,
-            generation: None,
        };
        let expected_broken = json!({
            "id": original_broken.id.to_string(),
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/models/partitioning.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/models/partitioning.rs
@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-use utils::lsn::Lsn;
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct Partitioning {
-    pub keys: crate::keyspace::KeySpace,
-
-    pub at_lsn: Lsn,
-}
-
-impl serde::Serialize for Partitioning {
-    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> std::result::Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
-    where
-        S: serde::Serializer,
-    {
-        pub struct KeySpace<'a>(&'a crate::keyspace::KeySpace);
-
-        impl<'a> serde::Serialize for KeySpace<'a> {
-            fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> std::result::Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
-            where
-                S: serde::Serializer,
-            {
-                use serde::ser::SerializeSeq;
-                let mut seq = serializer.serialize_seq(Some(self.0.ranges.len()))?;
-                for kr in &self.0.ranges {
-                    seq.serialize_element(&KeyRange(kr))?;
-                }
-                seq.end()
-            }
-        }
-
-        use serde::ser::SerializeMap;
-        let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(Some(2))?;
-        map.serialize_key("keys")?;
-        map.serialize_value(&KeySpace(&self.keys))?;
-        map.serialize_key("at_lsn")?;
-        map.serialize_value(&WithDisplay(&self.at_lsn))?;
-        map.end()
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct WithDisplay<'a, T>(&'a T);
-
-impl<'a, T: std::fmt::Display> serde::Serialize for WithDisplay<'a, T> {
-    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> std::result::Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
-    where
-        S: serde::Serializer,
-    {
-        serializer.collect_str(&self.0)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct KeyRange<'a>(&'a std::ops::Range<crate::key::Key>);
-
-impl<'a> serde::Serialize for KeyRange<'a> {
-    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
-    where
-        S: serde::Serializer,
-    {
-        use serde::ser::SerializeTuple;
-        let mut t = serializer.serialize_tuple(2)?;
-        t.serialize_element(&WithDisplay(&self.0.start))?;
-        t.serialize_element(&WithDisplay(&self.0.end))?;
-        t.end()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> serde::Deserialize<'a> for Partitioning {
-    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-    where
-        D: serde::Deserializer<'a>,
-    {
-        pub struct KeySpace(crate::keyspace::KeySpace);
-
-        impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for KeySpace {
-            fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-            where
-                D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
-            {
-                #[serde_with::serde_as]
-                #[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
-                #[serde(transparent)]
-                struct Key(#[serde_as(as = "serde_with::DisplayFromStr")] crate::key::Key);
-
-                #[serde_with::serde_as]
-                #[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
-                struct Range(Key, Key);
-
-                let ranges: Vec<Range> = serde::Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer)?;
-                Ok(Self(crate::keyspace::KeySpace {
-                    ranges: ranges
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .map(|Range(start, end)| (start.0..end.0))
-                        .collect(),
-                }))
-            }
-        }
-
-        #[serde_with::serde_as]
-        #[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
-        struct De {
-            keys: KeySpace,
-            #[serde_as(as = "serde_with::DisplayFromStr")]
-            at_lsn: Lsn,
-        }
-
-        let de: De = serde::Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer)?;
-        Ok(Self {
-            at_lsn: de.at_lsn,
-            keys: de.keys.0,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_serialization_roundtrip() {
-        let reference = r#"
-        {
-            "keys": [
-              [
-                "000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-                "000000000000000000000000000000000001"
-              ],
-              [
-                "000000067F00000001000000000000000000",
-                "000000067F00000001000000000000000002"
-              ],
-              [
-                "030000000000000000000000000000000000",
-                "030000000000000000000000000000000003"
-              ]
-            ],
-            "at_lsn": "0/2240160"
-        }
-        "#;
-
-        let de: Partitioning = serde_json::from_str(reference).unwrap();
-
-        let ser = serde_json::to_string(&de).unwrap();
-
-        let ser_de: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&ser).unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            ser_de,
-            serde_json::from_str::<'_, serde_json::Value>(reference).unwrap()
-        );
-    }
-}
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/reltag.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/reltag.rs
@@ -32,9 +32,6 @@ pub struct RelTag {
    pub relnode: Oid,
 }

-/// Block number within a relation or SLRU. This matches PostgreSQL's BlockNumber type.
-pub type BlockNumber = u32;
-
 impl PartialOrd for RelTag {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
        Some(self.cmp(other))
@@ -111,19 +108,7 @@ impl RelTag {
 /// These files are divided into segments, which are divided into
 /// pages of the same BLCKSZ as used for relation files.
 ///
-#[derive(
-    Debug,
-    Clone,
-    Copy,
-    Hash,
-    Serialize,
-    Deserialize,
-    PartialEq,
-    Eq,
-    PartialOrd,
-    Ord,
-    strum_macros::EnumIter,
-)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub enum SlruKind {
    Clog,
    MultiXactMembers,
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/shard.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/shard.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 use std::{ops::RangeInclusive, str::FromStr};

-use crate::{
-    key::{is_rel_block_key, Key},
-    models::ShardParameters,
-};
+use crate::key::{is_rel_block_key, Key};
 use hex::FromHex;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use thiserror;
@@ -84,16 +81,6 @@ impl TenantShardId {
    pub fn is_zero(&self) -> bool {
        self.shard_number == ShardNumber(0)
    }
-
-    pub fn is_unsharded(&self) -> bool {
-        self.shard_number == ShardNumber(0) && self.shard_count == ShardCount(0)
-    }
-    pub fn to_index(&self) -> ShardIndex {
-        ShardIndex {
-            shard_number: self.shard_number,
-            shard_count: self.shard_count,
-        }
-    }
 }

 /// Formatting helper
@@ -172,7 +159,7 @@ impl From<[u8; 18]> for TenantShardId {
 /// shard we're dealing with, but do not need to know the full ShardIdentity (because
 /// we won't be doing any page->shard mapping), and do not need to know the fully qualified
 /// TenantShardId.
-#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
+#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct ShardIndex {
    pub shard_number: ShardNumber,
    pub shard_count: ShardCount,
@@ -342,7 +329,7 @@ const DEFAULT_STRIPE_SIZE: ShardStripeSize = ShardStripeSize(256 * 1024 / 8);
 pub struct ShardIdentity {
    pub number: ShardNumber,
    pub count: ShardCount,
-    pub stripe_size: ShardStripeSize,
+    stripe_size: ShardStripeSize,
    layout: ShardLayout,
 }

@@ -412,17 +399,6 @@ impl ShardIdentity {
        }
    }

-    /// For use when creating ShardIdentity instances for new shards, where a creation request
-    /// specifies the ShardParameters that apply to all shards.
-    pub fn from_params(number: ShardNumber, params: &ShardParameters) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            number,
-            count: params.count,
-            layout: LAYOUT_V1,
-            stripe_size: params.stripe_size,
-        }
-    }
-
    fn is_broken(&self) -> bool {
        self.layout == LAYOUT_BROKEN
    }
@@ -442,21 +418,6 @@ impl ShardIdentity {
        }
    }

-    /// Return true if the key should be discarded if found in this shard's
-    /// data store, e.g. during compaction after a split
-    pub fn is_key_disposable(&self, key: &Key) -> bool {
-        if key_is_shard0(key) {
-            // Q: Why can't we dispose of shard0 content if we're not shard 0?
-            // A: because the WAL ingestion logic currently ingests some shard 0
-            //    content on all shards, even though it's only read on shard 0.  If we
-            //    dropped it, then subsequent WAL ingest to these keys would encounter
-            //    an error.
-            false
-        } else {
-            !self.is_key_local(key)
-        }
-    }
-
    pub fn shard_slug(&self) -> String {
        if self.count > ShardCount(0) {
            format!("-{:02x}{:02x}", self.number.0, self.count.0)
@@ -550,7 +511,12 @@ fn key_is_shard0(key: &Key) -> bool {
    // relation pages are distributed to shards other than shard zero. Everything else gets
    // stored on shard 0.  This guarantees that shard 0 can independently serve basebackup
    // requests, and any request other than those for particular blocks in relations.
-    !is_rel_block_key(key)
+    //
+    // In this condition:
+    // - is_rel_block_key includes only relations, i.e. excludes SLRU data and
+    // all metadata.
+    // - field6 is set to -1 for relation size pages.
+    !(is_rel_block_key(key) && key.field6 != 0xffffffff)
 }

 /// Provide the same result as the function in postgres `hashfn.h` with the same name
--- a/libs/postgres_backend/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/postgres_backend/src/lib.rs
@@ -35,12 +35,6 @@ pub enum QueryError {
    /// We were instructed to shutdown while processing the query
    #[error("Shutting down")]
    Shutdown,
-    /// Query handler indicated that client should reconnect
-    #[error("Server requested reconnect")]
-    Reconnect,
-    /// Query named an entity that was not found
-    #[error("Not found: {0}")]
-    NotFound(std::borrow::Cow<'static, str>),
    /// Authentication failure
    #[error("Unauthorized: {0}")]
    Unauthorized(std::borrow::Cow<'static, str>),
@@ -60,9 +54,9 @@ impl From<io::Error> for QueryError {
 impl QueryError {
    pub fn pg_error_code(&self) -> &'static [u8; 5] {
        match self {
-            Self::Disconnected(_) | Self::SimulatedConnectionError | Self::Reconnect => b"08006", // connection failure
+            Self::Disconnected(_) | Self::SimulatedConnectionError => b"08006", // connection failure
            Self::Shutdown => SQLSTATE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN,
-            Self::Unauthorized(_) | Self::NotFound(_) => SQLSTATE_INTERNAL_ERROR,
+            Self::Unauthorized(_) => SQLSTATE_INTERNAL_ERROR,
            Self::Other(_) => SQLSTATE_INTERNAL_ERROR, // internal error
        }
    }
@@ -431,11 +425,6 @@ impl<IO: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin> PostgresBackend<IO> {
                info!("Stopped due to shutdown");
                Ok(())
            }
-            Err(QueryError::Reconnect) => {
-                // Dropping out of this loop implicitly disconnects
-                info!("Stopped due to handler reconnect request");
-                Ok(())
-            }
            Err(QueryError::Disconnected(e)) => {
                info!("Disconnected ({e:#})");
                // Disconnection is not an error: we just use it that way internally to drop
@@ -985,9 +974,7 @@ impl<'a, IO: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin> AsyncWrite for CopyDataWriter<'a, I
 pub fn short_error(e: &QueryError) -> String {
    match e {
        QueryError::Disconnected(connection_error) => connection_error.to_string(),
-        QueryError::Reconnect => "reconnect".to_string(),
        QueryError::Shutdown => "shutdown".to_string(),
-        QueryError::NotFound(_) => "not found".to_string(),
        QueryError::Unauthorized(_e) => "JWT authentication error".to_string(),
        QueryError::SimulatedConnectionError => "simulated connection error".to_string(),
        QueryError::Other(e) => format!("{e:#}"),
@@ -1009,15 +996,9 @@ fn log_query_error(query: &str, e: &QueryError) {
        QueryError::SimulatedConnectionError => {
            error!("query handler for query '{query}' failed due to a simulated connection error")
        }
-        QueryError::Reconnect => {
-            info!("query handler for '{query}' requested client to reconnect")
-        }
        QueryError::Shutdown => {
            info!("query handler for '{query}' cancelled during tenant shutdown")
        }
-        QueryError::NotFound(reason) => {
-            info!("query handler for '{query}' entity not found: {reason}")
-        }
        QueryError::Unauthorized(e) => {
            warn!("query handler for '{query}' failed with authentication error: {e}");
        }
--- a/libs/postgres_connection/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/postgres_connection/src/lib.rs
@@ -163,18 +163,8 @@ impl PgConnectionConfig {
    }

    /// Connect using postgres protocol with TLS disabled.
-    pub async fn connect_no_tls(
-        &self,
-    ) -> Result<
-        (
-            tokio_postgres::Client,
-            tokio_postgres::Connection<tokio_postgres::Socket, tokio_postgres::tls::NoTlsStream>,
-        ),
-        postgres::Error,
-    > {
-        self.to_tokio_postgres_config()
-            .connect(postgres::NoTls)
-            .await
+    pub fn connect_no_tls(&self) -> Result<postgres::Client, postgres::Error> {
+        postgres::Config::from(self.to_tokio_postgres_config()).connect(postgres::NoTls)
    }
 }

--- a/libs/postgres_ffi/src/xlog_utils.rs
+++ b/libs/postgres_ffi/src/xlog_utils.rs
@@ -329,8 +329,8 @@ impl CheckPoint {
    ///
    /// Returns 'true' if the XID was updated.
    pub fn update_next_xid(&mut self, xid: u32) -> bool {
-        // nextXid should be greater than any XID in WAL, so increment provided XID and check for wraparround.
-        let mut new_xid = std::cmp::max(xid.wrapping_add(1), pg_constants::FIRST_NORMAL_TRANSACTION_ID);
+        // nextXid should nw greater than any XID in WAL, so increment provided XID and check for wraparround.
+        let mut new_xid = std::cmp::max(xid + 1, pg_constants::FIRST_NORMAL_TRANSACTION_ID);
        // To reduce number of metadata checkpoints, we forward align XID on XID_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL.
        // XID_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL should not be larger than BLCKSZ*CLOG_XACTS_PER_BYTE
        new_xid =
--- a/libs/remote_storage/src/azure_blob.rs
+++ b/libs/remote_storage/src/azure_blob.rs
@@ -5,10 +5,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::env;
 use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 use std::pin::Pin;
-use std::str::FromStr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::Duration;
-use std::time::SystemTime;

 use super::REMOTE_STORAGE_PREFIX_SEPARATOR;
 use anyhow::Result;
@@ -16,15 +13,12 @@ use azure_core::request_options::{MaxResults, Metadata, Range};
 use azure_core::RetryOptions;
 use azure_identity::DefaultAzureCredential;
 use azure_storage::StorageCredentials;
-use azure_storage_blobs::blob::CopyStatus;
 use azure_storage_blobs::prelude::ClientBuilder;
 use azure_storage_blobs::{blob::operations::GetBlobBuilder, prelude::ContainerClient};
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::stream::Stream;
 use futures_util::StreamExt;
-use http_types::{StatusCode, Url};
-use tokio::time::Instant;
-use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
+use http_types::StatusCode;
 use tracing::debug;

 use crate::s3_bucket::RequestKind;
@@ -123,8 +117,6 @@ impl AzureBlobStorage {
    ) -> Result<Download, DownloadError> {
        let mut response = builder.into_stream();

-        let mut etag = None;
-        let mut last_modified = None;
        let mut metadata = HashMap::new();
        // TODO give proper streaming response instead of buffering into RAM
        // https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/5563
@@ -132,13 +124,6 @@ impl AzureBlobStorage {
        let mut bufs = Vec::new();
        while let Some(part) = response.next().await {
            let part = part.map_err(to_download_error)?;
-            let etag_str: &str = part.blob.properties.etag.as_ref();
-            if etag.is_none() {
-                etag = Some(etag.unwrap_or_else(|| etag_str.to_owned()));
-            }
-            if last_modified.is_none() {
-                last_modified = Some(part.blob.properties.last_modified.into());
-            }
            if let Some(blob_meta) = part.blob.metadata {
                metadata.extend(blob_meta.iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.to_owned(), v.to_owned())));
            }
@@ -151,8 +136,6 @@ impl AzureBlobStorage {
        }
        Ok(Download {
            download_stream: Box::pin(futures::stream::iter(bufs.into_iter().map(Ok))),
-            etag,
-            last_modified,
            metadata: Some(StorageMetadata(metadata)),
        })
    }
@@ -185,6 +168,7 @@ fn to_download_error(error: azure_core::Error) -> DownloadError {
    }
 }

+#[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl RemoteStorage for AzureBlobStorage {
    async fn list(
        &self,
@@ -327,65 +311,6 @@ impl RemoteStorage for AzureBlobStorage {
        }
        Ok(())
    }
-
-    async fn copy(&self, from: &RemotePath, to: &RemotePath) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        let _permit = self.permit(RequestKind::Copy).await;
-        let blob_client = self.client.blob_client(self.relative_path_to_name(to));
-
-        let source_url = format!(
-            "{}/{}",
-            self.client.url()?,
-            self.relative_path_to_name(from)
-        );
-        let builder = blob_client.copy(Url::from_str(&source_url)?);
-
-        let result = builder.into_future().await?;
-
-        let mut copy_status = result.copy_status;
-        let start_time = Instant::now();
-        const MAX_WAIT_TIME: Duration = Duration::from_secs(60);
-        loop {
-            match copy_status {
-                CopyStatus::Aborted => {
-                    anyhow::bail!("Received abort for copy from {from} to {to}.");
-                }
-                CopyStatus::Failed => {
-                    anyhow::bail!("Received failure response for copy from {from} to {to}.");
-                }
-                CopyStatus::Success => return Ok(()),
-                CopyStatus::Pending => (),
-            }
-            // The copy is taking longer. Waiting a second and then re-trying.
-            // TODO estimate time based on copy_progress and adjust time based on that
-            tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1000)).await;
-            let properties = blob_client.get_properties().into_future().await?;
-            let Some(status) = properties.blob.properties.copy_status else {
-                tracing::warn!("copy_status for copy is None!, from={from}, to={to}");
-                return Ok(());
-            };
-            if start_time.elapsed() > MAX_WAIT_TIME {
-                anyhow::bail!("Copy from from {from} to {to} took longer than limit MAX_WAIT_TIME={}s. copy_pogress={:?}.",
-                    MAX_WAIT_TIME.as_secs_f32(),
-                    properties.blob.properties.copy_progress,
-                );
-            }
-            copy_status = status;
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn time_travel_recover(
-        &self,
-        _prefix: Option<&RemotePath>,
-        _timestamp: SystemTime,
-        _done_if_after: SystemTime,
-        _cancel: CancellationToken,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        // TODO use Azure point in time recovery feature for this
-        // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/point-in-time-restore-overview
-        Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
-            "time travel recovery for azure blob storage is not implemented"
-        ))
-    }
 }

 pin_project_lite::pin_project! {
--- a/libs/remote_storage/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/remote_storage/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@ mod local_fs;
 mod s3_bucket;
 mod simulate_failures;

-use std::{
-    collections::HashMap, fmt::Debug, num::NonZeroUsize, pin::Pin, sync::Arc, time::SystemTime,
-};
+use std::{collections::HashMap, fmt::Debug, num::NonZeroUsize, pin::Pin, sync::Arc};

 use anyhow::{bail, Context};
 use camino::{Utf8Path, Utf8PathBuf};
@@ -25,7 +23,6 @@ use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::stream::Stream;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
-use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
 use toml_edit::Item;
 use tracing::info;

@@ -143,7 +140,7 @@ pub struct Listing {
 /// Storage (potentially remote) API to manage its state.
 /// This storage tries to be unaware of any layered repository context,
 /// providing basic CRUD operations for storage files.
-#[allow(async_fn_in_trait)]
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
 pub trait RemoteStorage: Send + Sync + 'static {
    /// Lists all top level subdirectories for a given prefix
    /// Note: here we assume that if the prefix is passed it was obtained via remote_object_id
@@ -208,27 +205,10 @@ pub trait RemoteStorage: Send + Sync + 'static {
    async fn delete(&self, path: &RemotePath) -> anyhow::Result<()>;

    async fn delete_objects<'a>(&self, paths: &'a [RemotePath]) -> anyhow::Result<()>;
-
-    /// Copy a remote object inside a bucket from one path to another.
-    async fn copy(&self, from: &RemotePath, to: &RemotePath) -> anyhow::Result<()>;
-
-    /// Resets the content of everything with the given prefix to the given state
-    async fn time_travel_recover(
-        &self,
-        prefix: Option<&RemotePath>,
-        timestamp: SystemTime,
-        done_if_after: SystemTime,
-        cancel: CancellationToken,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()>;
 }

-pub type DownloadStream = Pin<Box<dyn Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Unpin + Send + Sync>>;
 pub struct Download {
-    pub download_stream: DownloadStream,
-    /// The last time the file was modified (`last-modified` HTTP header)
-    pub last_modified: Option<SystemTime>,
-    /// A way to identify this specific version of the resource (`etag` HTTP header)
-    pub etag: Option<String>,
+    pub download_stream: Pin<Box<dyn Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Unpin + Send + Sync>>,
    /// Extra key-value data, associated with the current remote file.
    pub metadata: Option<StorageMetadata>,
 }
@@ -272,15 +252,14 @@ impl std::error::Error for DownloadError {}
 /// Every storage, currently supported.
 /// Serves as a simple way to pass around the [`RemoteStorage`] without dealing with generics.
 #[derive(Clone)]
-// Require Clone for `Other` due to https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/26925
-pub enum GenericRemoteStorage<Other: Clone = Arc<UnreliableWrapper>> {
+pub enum GenericRemoteStorage {
    LocalFs(LocalFs),
    AwsS3(Arc<S3Bucket>),
    AzureBlob(Arc<AzureBlobStorage>),
-    Unreliable(Other),
+    Unreliable(Arc<UnreliableWrapper>),
 }

-impl<Other: RemoteStorage> GenericRemoteStorage<Arc<Other>> {
+impl GenericRemoteStorage {
    pub async fn list(
        &self,
        prefix: Option<&RemotePath>,
@@ -388,42 +367,6 @@ impl<Other: RemoteStorage> GenericRemoteStorage<Arc<Other>> {
            Self::Unreliable(s) => s.delete_objects(paths).await,
        }
    }
-
-    pub async fn copy_object(&self, from: &RemotePath, to: &RemotePath) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        match self {
-            Self::LocalFs(s) => s.copy(from, to).await,
-            Self::AwsS3(s) => s.copy(from, to).await,
-            Self::AzureBlob(s) => s.copy(from, to).await,
-            Self::Unreliable(s) => s.copy(from, to).await,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub async fn time_travel_recover(
-        &self,
-        prefix: Option<&RemotePath>,
-        timestamp: SystemTime,
-        done_if_after: SystemTime,
-        cancel: CancellationToken,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        match self {
-            Self::LocalFs(s) => {
-                s.time_travel_recover(prefix, timestamp, done_if_after, cancel)
-                    .await
-            }
-            Self::AwsS3(s) => {
-                s.time_travel_recover(prefix, timestamp, done_if_after, cancel)
-                    .await
-            }
-            Self::AzureBlob(s) => {
-                s.time_travel_recover(prefix, timestamp, done_if_after, cancel)
-                    .await
-            }
-            Self::Unreliable(s) => {
-                s.time_travel_recover(prefix, timestamp, done_if_after, cancel)
-                    .await
-            }
-        }
-    }
 }

 impl GenericRemoteStorage {
@@ -710,8 +653,6 @@ impl ConcurrencyLimiter {
            RequestKind::Put => &self.write,
            RequestKind::List => &self.read,
            RequestKind::Delete => &self.write,
-            RequestKind::Copy => &self.write,
-            RequestKind::TimeTravel => &self.write,
        }
    }

--- a/libs/remote_storage/src/local_fs.rs
+++ b/libs/remote_storage/src/local_fs.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 //! This storage used in tests, but can also be used in cases when a certain persistent
 //! volume is mounted to the local FS.

-use std::{borrow::Cow, future::Future, io::ErrorKind, pin::Pin, time::SystemTime};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, future::Future, io::ErrorKind, pin::Pin};

 use anyhow::{bail, ensure, Context};
 use bytes::Bytes;
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ use tokio::{
    fs,
    io::{self, AsyncReadExt, AsyncSeekExt, AsyncWriteExt},
 };
-use tokio_util::{io::ReaderStream, sync::CancellationToken};
+use tokio_util::io::ReaderStream;
 use tracing::*;
 use utils::{crashsafe::path_with_suffix_extension, fs_ext::is_directory_empty};

-use crate::{Download, DownloadError, DownloadStream, Listing, ListingMode, RemotePath};
+use crate::{Download, DownloadError, Listing, ListingMode, RemotePath};

 use super::{RemoteStorage, StorageMetadata};

@@ -157,6 +157,7 @@ impl LocalFs {
    }
 }

+#[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl RemoteStorage for LocalFs {
    async fn list(
        &self,
@@ -330,8 +331,6 @@ impl RemoteStorage for LocalFs {
                .map_err(DownloadError::Other)?;
            Ok(Download {
                metadata,
-                last_modified: None,
-                etag: None,
                download_stream: Box::pin(source),
            })
        } else {
@@ -373,17 +372,17 @@ impl RemoteStorage for LocalFs {
                .await
                .map_err(DownloadError::Other)?;

-            let download_stream: DownloadStream = match end_exclusive {
-                Some(end_exclusive) => Box::pin(ReaderStream::new(
-                    source.take(end_exclusive - start_inclusive),
-                )),
-                None => Box::pin(ReaderStream::new(source)),
-            };
-            Ok(Download {
-                metadata,
-                last_modified: None,
-                etag: None,
-                download_stream,
+            Ok(match end_exclusive {
+                Some(end_exclusive) => Download {
+                    metadata,
+                    download_stream: Box::pin(ReaderStream::new(
+                        source.take(end_exclusive - start_inclusive),
+                    )),
+                },
+                None => Download {
+                    metadata,
+                    download_stream: Box::pin(ReaderStream::new(source)),
+                },
            })
        } else {
            Err(DownloadError::NotFound)
@@ -408,31 +407,6 @@ impl RemoteStorage for LocalFs {
        }
        Ok(())
    }
-
-    async fn copy(&self, from: &RemotePath, to: &RemotePath) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        let from_path = from.with_base(&self.storage_root);
-        let to_path = to.with_base(&self.storage_root);
-        create_target_directory(&to_path).await?;
-        fs::copy(&from_path, &to_path).await.with_context(|| {
-            format!(
-                "Failed to copy file from '{from_path}' to '{to_path}'",
-                from_path = from_path,
-                to_path = to_path
-            )
-        })?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[allow(clippy::diverging_sub_expression)]
-    async fn time_travel_recover(
-        &self,
-        _prefix: Option<&RemotePath>,
-        _timestamp: SystemTime,
-        _done_if_after: SystemTime,
-        _cancel: CancellationToken,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
 }

 fn storage_metadata_path(original_path: &Utf8Path) -> Utf8PathBuf {
--- a/libs/remote_storage/src/s3_bucket.rs
+++ b/libs/remote_storage/src/s3_bucket.rs
@@ -6,19 +6,16 @@

 use std::{
    borrow::Cow,
-    collections::HashMap,
    pin::Pin,
    sync::Arc,
    task::{Context, Poll},
-    time::SystemTime,
 };

-use anyhow::{anyhow, Context as _};
+use anyhow::Context as _;
 use aws_config::{
    environment::credentials::EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider,
    imds::credentials::ImdsCredentialsProvider,
    meta::credentials::CredentialsProviderChain,
-    profile::ProfileFileCredentialsProvider,
    provider_config::ProviderConfig,
    retry::{RetryConfigBuilder, RetryMode},
    web_identity_token::WebIdentityTokenCredentialsProvider,
@@ -29,19 +26,17 @@ use aws_sdk_s3::{
    config::{AsyncSleep, Builder, IdentityCache, Region, SharedAsyncSleep},
    error::SdkError,
    operation::get_object::GetObjectError,
-    types::{Delete, DeleteMarkerEntry, ObjectIdentifier, ObjectVersion},
+    types::{Delete, ObjectIdentifier},
    Client,
 };
 use aws_smithy_async::rt::sleep::TokioSleep;

+use aws_smithy_types::body::SdkBody;
 use aws_smithy_types::byte_stream::ByteStream;
-use aws_smithy_types::{body::SdkBody, DateTime};
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::stream::Stream;
 use hyper::Body;
 use scopeguard::ScopeGuard;
-use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
-use utils::backoff;

 use super::StorageMetadata;
 use crate::{
@@ -79,29 +74,20 @@ impl S3Bucket {

        let region = Some(Region::new(aws_config.bucket_region.clone()));

-        let provider_conf = ProviderConfig::without_region().with_region(region.clone());
-
        let credentials_provider = {
            // uses "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID", "AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"
            CredentialsProviderChain::first_try(
                "env",
                EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider::new(),
            )
-            // uses "AWS_PROFILE" / `aws sso login --profile <profile>`
-            .or_else(
-                "profile-sso",
-                ProfileFileCredentialsProvider::builder()
-                    .configure(&provider_conf)
-                    .build(),
-            )
            // uses "AWS_WEB_IDENTITY_TOKEN_FILE", "AWS_ROLE_ARN", "AWS_ROLE_SESSION_NAME"
            // needed to access remote extensions bucket
-            .or_else(
-                "token",
+            .or_else("token", {
+                let provider_conf = ProviderConfig::without_region().with_region(region.clone());
                WebIdentityTokenCredentialsProvider::builder()
                    .configure(&provider_conf)
-                    .build(),
-            )
+                    .build()
+            })
            // uses imds v2
            .or_else("imds", ImdsCredentialsProvider::builder().build())
        };
@@ -232,11 +218,17 @@ impl S3Bucket {

        let started_at = ScopeGuard::into_inner(started_at);

+        if get_object.is_err() {
+            metrics::BUCKET_METRICS.req_seconds.observe_elapsed(
+                kind,
+                AttemptOutcome::Err,
+                started_at,
+            );
+        }
+
        match get_object {
            Ok(object_output) => {
                let metadata = object_output.metadata().cloned().map(StorageMetadata);
-                let etag = object_output.e_tag.clone();
-                let last_modified = object_output.last_modified.and_then(|t| t.try_into().ok());

                let body = object_output.body;
                let body = ByteStreamAsStream::from(body);
@@ -245,88 +237,17 @@ impl S3Bucket {

                Ok(Download {
                    metadata,
-                    etag,
-                    last_modified,
                    download_stream: Box::pin(body),
                })
            }
            Err(SdkError::ServiceError(e)) if matches!(e.err(), GetObjectError::NoSuchKey(_)) => {
-                // Count this in the AttemptOutcome::Ok bucket, because 404 is not
-                // an error: we expect to sometimes fetch an object and find it missing,
-                // e.g. when probing for timeline indices.
-                metrics::BUCKET_METRICS.req_seconds.observe_elapsed(
-                    kind,
-                    AttemptOutcome::Ok,
-                    started_at,
-                );
                Err(DownloadError::NotFound)
            }
-            Err(e) => {
-                metrics::BUCKET_METRICS.req_seconds.observe_elapsed(
-                    kind,
-                    AttemptOutcome::Err,
-                    started_at,
-                );
-
-                Err(DownloadError::Other(
-                    anyhow::Error::new(e).context("download s3 object"),
-                ))
-            }
+            Err(e) => Err(DownloadError::Other(
+                anyhow::Error::new(e).context("download s3 object"),
+            )),
        }
    }
-
-    async fn delete_oids(
-        &self,
-        kind: RequestKind,
-        delete_objects: &[ObjectIdentifier],
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        for chunk in delete_objects.chunks(MAX_KEYS_PER_DELETE) {
-            let started_at = start_measuring_requests(kind);
-
-            let resp = self
-                .client
-                .delete_objects()
-                .bucket(self.bucket_name.clone())
-                .delete(
-                    Delete::builder()
-                        .set_objects(Some(chunk.to_vec()))
-                        .build()?,
-                )
-                .send()
-                .await;
-
-            let started_at = ScopeGuard::into_inner(started_at);
-            metrics::BUCKET_METRICS
-                .req_seconds
-                .observe_elapsed(kind, &resp, started_at);
-
-            let resp = resp?;
-            metrics::BUCKET_METRICS
-                .deleted_objects_total
-                .inc_by(chunk.len() as u64);
-            if let Some(errors) = resp.errors {
-                // Log a bounded number of the errors within the response:
-                // these requests can carry 1000 keys so logging each one
-                // would be too verbose, especially as errors may lead us
-                // to retry repeatedly.
-                const LOG_UP_TO_N_ERRORS: usize = 10;
-                for e in errors.iter().take(LOG_UP_TO_N_ERRORS) {
-                    tracing::warn!(
-                        "DeleteObjects key {} failed: {}: {}",
-                        e.key.as_ref().map(Cow::from).unwrap_or("".into()),
-                        e.code.as_ref().map(Cow::from).unwrap_or("".into()),
-                        e.message.as_ref().map(Cow::from).unwrap_or("".into())
-                    );
-                }
-
-                return Err(anyhow::format_err!(
-                    "Failed to delete {} objects",
-                    errors.len()
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }

 pin_project_lite::pin_project! {
@@ -430,6 +351,7 @@ impl<S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>>> Stream for TimedDownload<S> {
    }
 }

+#[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl RemoteStorage for S3Bucket {
    async fn list(
        &self,
@@ -549,38 +471,6 @@ impl RemoteStorage for S3Bucket {
        Ok(())
    }

-    async fn copy(&self, from: &RemotePath, to: &RemotePath) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        let kind = RequestKind::Copy;
-        let _guard = self.permit(kind).await;
-
-        let started_at = start_measuring_requests(kind);
-
-        // we need to specify bucket_name as a prefix
-        let copy_source = format!(
-            "{}/{}",
-            self.bucket_name,
-            self.relative_path_to_s3_object(from)
-        );
-
-        let res = self
-            .client
-            .copy_object()
-            .bucket(self.bucket_name.clone())
-            .key(self.relative_path_to_s3_object(to))
-            .copy_source(copy_source)
-            .send()
-            .await;
-
-        let started_at = ScopeGuard::into_inner(started_at);
-        metrics::BUCKET_METRICS
-            .req_seconds
-            .observe_elapsed(kind, &res, started_at);
-
-        res?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
    async fn download(&self, from: &RemotePath) -> Result<Download, DownloadError> {
        // if prefix is not none then download file `prefix/from`
        // if prefix is none then download file `from`
@@ -625,168 +515,64 @@ impl RemoteStorage for S3Bucket {
            delete_objects.push(obj_id);
        }

-        self.delete_oids(kind, &delete_objects).await
+        for chunk in delete_objects.chunks(MAX_KEYS_PER_DELETE) {
+            let started_at = start_measuring_requests(kind);
+
+            let resp = self
+                .client
+                .delete_objects()
+                .bucket(self.bucket_name.clone())
+                .delete(
+                    Delete::builder()
+                        .set_objects(Some(chunk.to_vec()))
+                        .build()?,
+                )
+                .send()
+                .await;
+
+            let started_at = ScopeGuard::into_inner(started_at);
+            metrics::BUCKET_METRICS
+                .req_seconds
+                .observe_elapsed(kind, &resp, started_at);
+
+            match resp {
+                Ok(resp) => {
+                    metrics::BUCKET_METRICS
+                        .deleted_objects_total
+                        .inc_by(chunk.len() as u64);
+                    if let Some(errors) = resp.errors {
+                        // Log a bounded number of the errors within the response:
+                        // these requests can carry 1000 keys so logging each one
+                        // would be too verbose, especially as errors may lead us
+                        // to retry repeatedly.
+                        const LOG_UP_TO_N_ERRORS: usize = 10;
+                        for e in errors.iter().take(LOG_UP_TO_N_ERRORS) {
+                            tracing::warn!(
+                                "DeleteObjects key {} failed: {}: {}",
+                                e.key.as_ref().map(Cow::from).unwrap_or("".into()),
+                                e.code.as_ref().map(Cow::from).unwrap_or("".into()),
+                                e.message.as_ref().map(Cow::from).unwrap_or("".into())
+                            );
+                        }
+
+                        return Err(anyhow::format_err!(
+                            "Failed to delete {} objects",
+                            errors.len()
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    return Err(e.into());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
    }

    async fn delete(&self, path: &RemotePath) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
        let paths = std::array::from_ref(path);
        self.delete_objects(paths).await
    }
-
-    async fn time_travel_recover(
-        &self,
-        prefix: Option<&RemotePath>,
-        timestamp: SystemTime,
-        done_if_after: SystemTime,
-        cancel: CancellationToken,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        let kind = RequestKind::TimeTravel;
-        let _guard = self.permit(kind).await;
-
-        let timestamp = DateTime::from(timestamp);
-        let done_if_after = DateTime::from(done_if_after);
-
-        tracing::trace!("Target time: {timestamp:?}, done_if_after {done_if_after:?}");
-
-        // get the passed prefix or if it is not set use prefix_in_bucket value
-        let prefix = prefix
-            .map(|p| self.relative_path_to_s3_object(p))
-            .or_else(|| self.prefix_in_bucket.clone());
-
-        let warn_threshold = 3;
-        let max_retries = 10;
-        let is_permanent = |_e: &_| false;
-
-        let list = backoff::retry(
-            || async {
-                Ok(self
-                    .client
-                    .list_object_versions()
-                    .bucket(self.bucket_name.clone())
-                    .set_prefix(prefix.clone())
-                    .send()
-                    .await?)
-            },
-            is_permanent,
-            warn_threshold,
-            max_retries,
-            "listing object versions for time_travel_recover",
-            backoff::Cancel::new(cancel.clone(), || anyhow!("Cancelled")),
-        )
-        .await?;
-
-        if list.is_truncated().unwrap_or_default() {
-            anyhow::bail!("Received truncated ListObjectVersions response for prefix={prefix:?}");
-        }
-
-        let mut versions_deletes = list
-            .versions()
-            .iter()
-            .map(VerOrDelete::Version)
-            .chain(list.delete_markers().iter().map(VerOrDelete::DeleteMarker))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-        versions_deletes.sort_by_key(|vd| (vd.key(), vd.last_modified()));
-
-        let mut vds_for_key = HashMap::<_, Vec<_>>::new();
-
-        for vd in versions_deletes {
-            let last_modified = vd.last_modified();
-            let version_id = vd.version_id();
-            let key = vd.key();
-            let (Some(last_modified), Some(version_id), Some(key)) =
-                (last_modified, version_id, key)
-            else {
-                anyhow::bail!(
-                    "One (or more) of last_modified, key, and id is None. \
-                    Is versioning enabled in the bucket? last_modified={:?} key={:?} version_id={:?}",
-                    last_modified, key, version_id,
-                );
-            };
-            if version_id == "null" {
-                anyhow::bail!("Received ListVersions response for key={key} with version_id='null', \
-                    indicating either disabled versioning, or legacy objects with null version id values");
-            }
-            tracing::trace!(
-                "Parsing version key={key} version_id={version_id} is_delete={}",
-                matches!(vd, VerOrDelete::DeleteMarker(_))
-            );
-
-            vds_for_key
-                .entry(key)
-                .or_default()
-                .push((vd, last_modified, version_id));
-        }
-        for (key, versions) in vds_for_key {
-            let (last_vd, last_last_modified, _version_id) = versions.last().unwrap();
-            if last_last_modified > &&done_if_after {
-                tracing::trace!("Key {key} has version later than done_if_after, skipping");
-                continue;
-            }
-            // the version we want to restore to.
-            let version_to_restore_to =
-                match versions.binary_search_by_key(&timestamp, |tpl| *tpl.1) {
-                    Ok(v) => v,
-                    Err(e) => e,
-                };
-            if version_to_restore_to == versions.len() {
-                tracing::trace!("Key {key} has no changes since timestamp, skipping");
-                continue;
-            }
-            let mut do_delete = false;
-            if version_to_restore_to == 0 {
-                // All versions more recent, so the key didn't exist at the specified time point.
-                tracing::trace!(
-                    "All {} versions more recent for {key}, deleting",
-                    versions.len()
-                );
-                do_delete = true;
-            } else {
-                match &versions[version_to_restore_to - 1] {
-                    (VerOrDelete::Version(_), _last_modified, version_id) => {
-                        tracing::trace!("Copying old version {version_id} for {key}...");
-                        // Restore the state to the last version by copying
-                        let source_id =
-                            format!("{}/{key}?versionId={version_id}", self.bucket_name);
-
-                        backoff::retry(
-                            || async {
-                                Ok(self
-                                    .client
-                                    .copy_object()
-                                    .bucket(self.bucket_name.clone())
-                                    .key(key)
-                                    .copy_source(&source_id)
-                                    .send()
-                                    .await?)
-                            },
-                            is_permanent,
-                            warn_threshold,
-                            max_retries,
-                            "listing object versions for time_travel_recover",
-                            backoff::Cancel::new(cancel.clone(), || anyhow!("Cancelled")),
-                        )
-                        .await?;
-                    }
-                    (VerOrDelete::DeleteMarker(_), _last_modified, _version_id) => {
-                        do_delete = true;
-                    }
-                }
-            };
-            if do_delete {
-                if matches!(last_vd, VerOrDelete::DeleteMarker(_)) {
-                    // Key has since been deleted (but there was some history), no need to do anything
-                    tracing::trace!("Key {key} already deleted, skipping.");
-                } else {
-                    tracing::trace!("Deleting {key}...");
-
-                    let oid = ObjectIdentifier::builder().key(key.to_owned()).build()?;
-                    self.delete_oids(kind, &[oid]).await?;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }

 /// On drop (cancellation) count towards [`metrics::BucketMetrics::cancelled_waits`].
@@ -811,32 +597,6 @@ fn start_measuring_requests(
    })
 }

-enum VerOrDelete<'a> {
-    Version(&'a ObjectVersion),
-    DeleteMarker(&'a DeleteMarkerEntry),
-}
-
-impl<'a> VerOrDelete<'a> {
-    fn last_modified(&self) -> Option<&'a DateTime> {
-        match self {
-            VerOrDelete::Version(v) => v.last_modified(),
-            VerOrDelete::DeleteMarker(v) => v.last_modified(),
-        }
-    }
-    fn version_id(&self) -> Option<&'a str> {
-        match self {
-            VerOrDelete::Version(v) => v.version_id(),
-            VerOrDelete::DeleteMarker(v) => v.version_id(),
-        }
-    }
-    fn key(&self) -> Option<&'a str> {
-        match self {
-            VerOrDelete::Version(v) => v.key(),
-            VerOrDelete::DeleteMarker(v) => v.key(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use camino::Utf8Path;
--- a/libs/remote_storage/src/s3_bucket/metrics.rs
+++ b/libs/remote_storage/src/s3_bucket/metrics.rs
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ pub(crate) enum RequestKind {
    Put = 1,
    Delete = 2,
    List = 3,
-    Copy = 4,
-    TimeTravel = 5,
 }

 use RequestKind::*;
@@ -24,8 +22,6 @@ impl RequestKind {
            Put => "put_object",
            Delete => "delete_object",
            List => "list_objects",
-            Copy => "copy_object",
-            TimeTravel => "time_travel_recover",
        }
    }
    const fn as_index(&self) -> usize {
@@ -33,7 +29,7 @@ impl RequestKind {
    }
 }

-pub(super) struct RequestTyped<C>([C; 6]);
+pub(super) struct RequestTyped<C>([C; 4]);

 impl<C> RequestTyped<C> {
    pub(super) fn get(&self, kind: RequestKind) -> &C {
@@ -42,8 +38,8 @@ impl<C> RequestTyped<C> {

    fn build_with(mut f: impl FnMut(RequestKind) -> C) -> Self {
        use RequestKind::*;
-        let mut it = [Get, Put, Delete, List, Copy, TimeTravel].into_iter();
-        let arr = std::array::from_fn::<C, 6, _>(|index| {
+        let mut it = [Get, Put, Delete, List].into_iter();
+        let arr = std::array::from_fn::<C, 4, _>(|index| {
            let next = it.next().unwrap();
            assert_eq!(index, next.as_index());
            f(next)
--- a/libs/remote_storage/src/simulate_failures.rs
+++ b/libs/remote_storage/src/simulate_failures.rs
@@ -3,19 +3,16 @@
 //! testing purposes.
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::stream::Stream;
+use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Mutex;
-use std::time::SystemTime;
-use std::{collections::hash_map::Entry, sync::Arc};
-use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;

 use crate::{
-    Download, DownloadError, GenericRemoteStorage, Listing, ListingMode, RemotePath, RemoteStorage,
-    StorageMetadata,
+    Download, DownloadError, Listing, ListingMode, RemotePath, RemoteStorage, StorageMetadata,
 };

 pub struct UnreliableWrapper {
-    inner: GenericRemoteStorage<Arc<VoidStorage>>,
+    inner: crate::GenericRemoteStorage,

    // This many attempts of each operation will fail, then we let it succeed.
    attempts_to_fail: u64,
@@ -32,21 +29,11 @@ enum RemoteOp {
    Download(RemotePath),
    Delete(RemotePath),
    DeleteObjects(Vec<RemotePath>),
-    TimeTravelRecover(Option<RemotePath>),
 }

 impl UnreliableWrapper {
    pub fn new(inner: crate::GenericRemoteStorage, attempts_to_fail: u64) -> Self {
        assert!(attempts_to_fail > 0);
-        let inner = match inner {
-            GenericRemoteStorage::AwsS3(s) => GenericRemoteStorage::AwsS3(s),
-            GenericRemoteStorage::AzureBlob(s) => GenericRemoteStorage::AzureBlob(s),
-            GenericRemoteStorage::LocalFs(s) => GenericRemoteStorage::LocalFs(s),
-            // We could also make this a no-op, as in, extract the inner of the passed generic remote storage
-            GenericRemoteStorage::Unreliable(_s) => {
-                panic!("Can't wrap unreliable wrapper unreliably")
-            }
-        };
        UnreliableWrapper {
            inner,
            attempts_to_fail,
@@ -97,9 +84,7 @@ impl UnreliableWrapper {
    }
 }

-// We never construct this, so the type is not important, just has to not be UnreliableWrapper and impl RemoteStorage.
-type VoidStorage = crate::LocalFs;
-
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl RemoteStorage for UnreliableWrapper {
    async fn list_prefixes(
        &self,
@@ -177,24 +162,4 @@ impl RemoteStorage for UnreliableWrapper {
        }
        Ok(())
    }
-
-    async fn copy(&self, from: &RemotePath, to: &RemotePath) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        // copy is equivalent to download + upload
-        self.attempt(RemoteOp::Download(from.clone()))?;
-        self.attempt(RemoteOp::Upload(to.clone()))?;
-        self.inner.copy_object(from, to).await
-    }
-
-    async fn time_travel_recover(
-        &self,
-        prefix: Option<&RemotePath>,
-        timestamp: SystemTime,
-        done_if_after: SystemTime,
-        cancel: CancellationToken,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        self.attempt(RemoteOp::TimeTravelRecover(prefix.map(|p| p.to_owned())))?;
-        self.inner
-            .time_travel_recover(prefix, timestamp, done_if_after, cancel)
-            .await
-    }
 }
--- a/libs/remote_storage/tests/common/mod.rs
+++ b/libs/remote_storage/tests/common/mod.rs
@@ -1,200 +0,0 @@
-use std::collections::HashSet;
-use std::ops::ControlFlow;
-use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use anyhow::Context;
-use bytes::Bytes;
-use camino::Utf8Path;
-use futures::stream::Stream;
-use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
-use remote_storage::{Download, GenericRemoteStorage, RemotePath};
-use tokio::task::JoinSet;
-use tracing::{debug, error, info};
-
-static LOGGING_DONE: OnceCell<()> = OnceCell::new();
-
-pub(crate) fn upload_stream(
-    content: std::borrow::Cow<'static, [u8]>,
-) -> (
-    impl Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    usize,
-) {
-    use std::borrow::Cow;
-
-    let content = match content {
-        Cow::Borrowed(x) => Bytes::from_static(x),
-        Cow::Owned(vec) => Bytes::from(vec),
-    };
-    wrap_stream(content)
-}
-
-pub(crate) fn wrap_stream(
-    content: bytes::Bytes,
-) -> (
-    impl Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    usize,
-) {
-    let len = content.len();
-    let content = futures::future::ready(Ok(content));
-
-    (futures::stream::once(content), len)
-}
-
-pub(crate) async fn download_to_vec(dl: Download) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<u8>> {
-    let mut buf = Vec::new();
-    tokio::io::copy_buf(
-        &mut tokio_util::io::StreamReader::new(dl.download_stream),
-        &mut buf,
-    )
-    .await?;
-    Ok(buf)
-}
-
-// Uploads files `folder{j}/blob{i}.txt`. See test description for more details.
-pub(crate) async fn upload_simple_remote_data(
-    client: &Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>,
-    upload_tasks_count: usize,
-) -> ControlFlow<HashSet<RemotePath>, HashSet<RemotePath>> {
-    info!("Creating {upload_tasks_count} remote files");
-    let mut upload_tasks = JoinSet::new();
-    for i in 1..upload_tasks_count + 1 {
-        let task_client = Arc::clone(client);
-        upload_tasks.spawn(async move {
-            let blob_path = PathBuf::from(format!("folder{}/blob_{}.txt", i / 7, i));
-            let blob_path = RemotePath::new(
-                Utf8Path::from_path(blob_path.as_path()).expect("must be valid blob path"),
-            )
-            .with_context(|| format!("{blob_path:?} to RemotePath conversion"))?;
-            debug!("Creating remote item {i} at path {blob_path:?}");
-
-            let (data, len) = upload_stream(format!("remote blob data {i}").into_bytes().into());
-            task_client.upload(data, len, &blob_path, None).await?;
-
-            Ok::<_, anyhow::Error>(blob_path)
-        });
-    }
-
-    let mut upload_tasks_failed = false;
-    let mut uploaded_blobs = HashSet::with_capacity(upload_tasks_count);
-    while let Some(task_run_result) = upload_tasks.join_next().await {
-        match task_run_result
-            .context("task join failed")
-            .and_then(|task_result| task_result.context("upload task failed"))
-        {
-            Ok(upload_path) => {
-                uploaded_blobs.insert(upload_path);
-            }
-            Err(e) => {
-                error!("Upload task failed: {e:?}");
-                upload_tasks_failed = true;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if upload_tasks_failed {
-        ControlFlow::Break(uploaded_blobs)
-    } else {
-        ControlFlow::Continue(uploaded_blobs)
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) async fn cleanup(
-    client: &Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>,
-    objects_to_delete: HashSet<RemotePath>,
-) {
-    info!(
-        "Removing {} objects from the remote storage during cleanup",
-        objects_to_delete.len()
-    );
-    let mut delete_tasks = JoinSet::new();
-    for object_to_delete in objects_to_delete {
-        let task_client = Arc::clone(client);
-        delete_tasks.spawn(async move {
-            debug!("Deleting remote item at path {object_to_delete:?}");
-            task_client
-                .delete(&object_to_delete)
-                .await
-                .with_context(|| format!("{object_to_delete:?} removal"))
-        });
-    }
-
-    while let Some(task_run_result) = delete_tasks.join_next().await {
-        match task_run_result {
-            Ok(task_result) => match task_result {
-                Ok(()) => {}
-                Err(e) => error!("Delete task failed: {e:?}"),
-            },
-            Err(join_err) => error!("Delete task did not finish correctly: {join_err}"),
-        }
-    }
-}
-pub(crate) struct Uploads {
-    pub(crate) prefixes: HashSet<RemotePath>,
-    pub(crate) blobs: HashSet<RemotePath>,
-}
-
-pub(crate) async fn upload_remote_data(
-    client: &Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>,
-    base_prefix_str: &'static str,
-    upload_tasks_count: usize,
-) -> ControlFlow<Uploads, Uploads> {
-    info!("Creating {upload_tasks_count} remote files");
-    let mut upload_tasks = JoinSet::new();
-    for i in 1..upload_tasks_count + 1 {
-        let task_client = Arc::clone(client);
-        upload_tasks.spawn(async move {
-            let prefix = format!("{base_prefix_str}/sub_prefix_{i}/");
-            let blob_prefix = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(&prefix))
-                .with_context(|| format!("{prefix:?} to RemotePath conversion"))?;
-            let blob_path = blob_prefix.join(Utf8Path::new(&format!("blob_{i}")));
-            debug!("Creating remote item {i} at path {blob_path:?}");
-
-            let (data, data_len) =
-                upload_stream(format!("remote blob data {i}").into_bytes().into());
-            task_client.upload(data, data_len, &blob_path, None).await?;
-
-            Ok::<_, anyhow::Error>((blob_prefix, blob_path))
-        });
-    }
-
-    let mut upload_tasks_failed = false;
-    let mut uploaded_prefixes = HashSet::with_capacity(upload_tasks_count);
-    let mut uploaded_blobs = HashSet::with_capacity(upload_tasks_count);
-    while let Some(task_run_result) = upload_tasks.join_next().await {
-        match task_run_result
-            .context("task join failed")
-            .and_then(|task_result| task_result.context("upload task failed"))
-        {
-            Ok((upload_prefix, upload_path)) => {
-                uploaded_prefixes.insert(upload_prefix);
-                uploaded_blobs.insert(upload_path);
-            }
-            Err(e) => {
-                error!("Upload task failed: {e:?}");
-                upload_tasks_failed = true;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    let uploads = Uploads {
-        prefixes: uploaded_prefixes,
-        blobs: uploaded_blobs,
-    };
-    if upload_tasks_failed {
-        ControlFlow::Break(uploads)
-    } else {
-        ControlFlow::Continue(uploads)
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) fn ensure_logging_ready() {
-    LOGGING_DONE.get_or_init(|| {
-        utils::logging::init(
-            utils::logging::LogFormat::Test,
-            utils::logging::TracingErrorLayerEnablement::Disabled,
-            utils::logging::Output::Stdout,
-        )
-        .expect("logging init failed");
-    });
-}
--- a/libs/remote_storage/tests/common/tests.rs
+++ b/libs/remote_storage/tests/common/tests.rs
@@ -1,288 +0,0 @@
-use anyhow::Context;
-use camino::Utf8Path;
-use remote_storage::RemotePath;
-use std::collections::HashSet;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use test_context::test_context;
-use tracing::debug;
-
-use crate::common::{download_to_vec, upload_stream, wrap_stream};
-
-use super::{
-    MaybeEnabledStorage, MaybeEnabledStorageWithSimpleTestBlobs, MaybeEnabledStorageWithTestBlobs,
-};
-
-/// Tests that S3 client can list all prefixes, even if the response come paginated and requires multiple S3 queries.
-/// Uses real S3 and requires [`ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME`] and related S3 cred env vars specified.
-/// See the client creation in [`create_s3_client`] for details on the required env vars.
-/// If real S3 tests are disabled, the test passes, skipping any real test run: currently, there's no way to mark the test ignored in runtime with the
-/// deafult test framework, see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/68007 for details.
-///
-/// First, the test creates a set of S3 objects with keys `/${random_prefix_part}/${base_prefix_str}/sub_prefix_${i}/blob_${i}` in [`upload_remote_data`]
-/// where
-/// * `random_prefix_part` is set for the entire S3 client during the S3 client creation in [`create_s3_client`], to avoid multiple test runs interference
-/// * `base_prefix_str` is a common prefix to use in the client requests: we would want to ensure that the client is able to list nested prefixes inside the bucket
-///
-/// Then, verifies that the client does return correct prefixes when queried:
-/// * with no prefix, it lists everything after its `${random_prefix_part}/` — that should be `${base_prefix_str}` value only
-/// * with `${base_prefix_str}/` prefix, it lists every `sub_prefix_${i}`
-///
-/// With the real S3 enabled and `#[cfg(test)]` Rust configuration used, the S3 client test adds a `max-keys` param to limit the response keys.
-/// This way, we are able to test the pagination implicitly, by ensuring all results are returned from the remote storage and avoid uploading too many blobs to S3,
-/// since current default AWS S3 pagination limit is 1000.
-/// (see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListObjectsV2.html#API_ListObjectsV2_RequestSyntax)
-///
-/// Lastly, the test attempts to clean up and remove all uploaded S3 files.
-/// If any errors appear during the clean up, they get logged, but the test is not failed or stopped until clean up is finished.
-#[test_context(MaybeEnabledStorageWithTestBlobs)]
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn pagination_should_work(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledStorageWithTestBlobs) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let ctx = match ctx {
-        MaybeEnabledStorageWithTestBlobs::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
-        MaybeEnabledStorageWithTestBlobs::Disabled => return Ok(()),
-        MaybeEnabledStorageWithTestBlobs::UploadsFailed(e, _) => {
-            anyhow::bail!("S3 init failed: {e:?}")
-        }
-    };
-
-    let test_client = Arc::clone(&ctx.enabled.client);
-    let expected_remote_prefixes = ctx.remote_prefixes.clone();
-
-    let base_prefix = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(ctx.enabled.base_prefix))
-        .context("common_prefix construction")?;
-    let root_remote_prefixes = test_client
-        .list_prefixes(None)
-        .await
-        .context("client list root prefixes failure")?
-        .into_iter()
-        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-    assert_eq!(
-        root_remote_prefixes, HashSet::from([base_prefix.clone()]),
-        "remote storage root prefixes list mismatches with the uploads. Returned prefixes: {root_remote_prefixes:?}"
-    );
-
-    let nested_remote_prefixes = test_client
-        .list_prefixes(Some(&base_prefix))
-        .await
-        .context("client list nested prefixes failure")?
-        .into_iter()
-        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-    let remote_only_prefixes = nested_remote_prefixes
-        .difference(&expected_remote_prefixes)
-        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-    let missing_uploaded_prefixes = expected_remote_prefixes
-        .difference(&nested_remote_prefixes)
-        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-    assert_eq!(
-        remote_only_prefixes.len() + missing_uploaded_prefixes.len(), 0,
-        "remote storage nested prefixes list mismatches with the uploads. Remote only prefixes: {remote_only_prefixes:?}, missing uploaded prefixes: {missing_uploaded_prefixes:?}",
-    );
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Tests that S3 client can list all files in a folder, even if the response comes paginated and requirees multiple S3 queries.
-/// Uses real S3 and requires [`ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME`] and related S3 cred env vars specified. Test will skip real code and pass if env vars not set.
-/// See `s3_pagination_should_work` for more information.
-///
-/// First, create a set of S3 objects with keys `random_prefix/folder{j}/blob_{i}.txt` in [`upload_remote_data`]
-/// Then performs the following queries:
-///    1. `list_files(None)`. This should return all files `random_prefix/folder{j}/blob_{i}.txt`
-///    2. `list_files("folder1")`.  This  should return all files `random_prefix/folder1/blob_{i}.txt`
-#[test_context(MaybeEnabledStorageWithSimpleTestBlobs)]
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn list_files_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledStorageWithSimpleTestBlobs) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let ctx = match ctx {
-        MaybeEnabledStorageWithSimpleTestBlobs::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
-        MaybeEnabledStorageWithSimpleTestBlobs::Disabled => return Ok(()),
-        MaybeEnabledStorageWithSimpleTestBlobs::UploadsFailed(e, _) => {
-            anyhow::bail!("S3 init failed: {e:?}")
-        }
-    };
-    let test_client = Arc::clone(&ctx.enabled.client);
-    let base_prefix =
-        RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new("folder1")).context("common_prefix construction")?;
-    let root_files = test_client
-        .list_files(None)
-        .await
-        .context("client list root files failure")?
-        .into_iter()
-        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-    assert_eq!(
-        root_files,
-        ctx.remote_blobs.clone(),
-        "remote storage list_files on root mismatches with the uploads."
-    );
-    let nested_remote_files = test_client
-        .list_files(Some(&base_prefix))
-        .await
-        .context("client list nested files failure")?
-        .into_iter()
-        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-    let trim_remote_blobs: HashSet<_> = ctx
-        .remote_blobs
-        .iter()
-        .map(|x| x.get_path())
-        .filter(|x| x.starts_with("folder1"))
-        .map(|x| RemotePath::new(x).expect("must be valid path"))
-        .collect();
-    assert_eq!(
-        nested_remote_files, trim_remote_blobs,
-        "remote storage list_files on subdirrectory mismatches with the uploads."
-    );
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[test_context(MaybeEnabledStorage)]
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn delete_non_exising_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledStorage) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let ctx = match ctx {
-        MaybeEnabledStorage::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
-        MaybeEnabledStorage::Disabled => return Ok(()),
-    };
-
-    let path = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(
-        format!("{}/for_sure_there_is_nothing_there_really", ctx.base_prefix).as_str(),
-    ))
-    .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
-
-    ctx.client.delete(&path).await.expect("should succeed");
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[test_context(MaybeEnabledStorage)]
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn delete_objects_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledStorage) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let ctx = match ctx {
-        MaybeEnabledStorage::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
-        MaybeEnabledStorage::Disabled => return Ok(()),
-    };
-
-    let path1 = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(format!("{}/path1", ctx.base_prefix).as_str()))
-        .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
-
-    let path2 = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(format!("{}/path2", ctx.base_prefix).as_str()))
-        .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
-
-    let path3 = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(format!("{}/path3", ctx.base_prefix).as_str()))
-        .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
-
-    let (data, len) = upload_stream("remote blob data1".as_bytes().into());
-    ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path1, None).await?;
-
-    let (data, len) = upload_stream("remote blob data2".as_bytes().into());
-    ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path2, None).await?;
-
-    let (data, len) = upload_stream("remote blob data3".as_bytes().into());
-    ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path3, None).await?;
-
-    ctx.client.delete_objects(&[path1, path2]).await?;
-
-    let prefixes = ctx.client.list_prefixes(None).await?;
-
-    assert_eq!(prefixes.len(), 1);
-
-    ctx.client.delete_objects(&[path3]).await?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[test_context(MaybeEnabledStorage)]
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn upload_download_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledStorage) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let MaybeEnabledStorage::Enabled(ctx) = ctx else {
-        return Ok(());
-    };
-
-    let path = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(format!("{}/file", ctx.base_prefix).as_str()))
-        .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
-
-    let orig = bytes::Bytes::from_static("remote blob data here".as_bytes());
-
-    let (data, len) = wrap_stream(orig.clone());
-
-    ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path, None).await?;
-
-    // Normal download request
-    let dl = ctx.client.download(&path).await?;
-    let buf = download_to_vec(dl).await?;
-    assert_eq!(&buf, &orig);
-
-    // Full range (end specified)
-    let dl = ctx
-        .client
-        .download_byte_range(&path, 0, Some(len as u64))
-        .await?;
-    let buf = download_to_vec(dl).await?;
-    assert_eq!(&buf, &orig);
-
-    // partial range (end specified)
-    let dl = ctx.client.download_byte_range(&path, 4, Some(10)).await?;
-    let buf = download_to_vec(dl).await?;
-    assert_eq!(&buf, &orig[4..10]);
-
-    // partial range (end beyond real end)
-    let dl = ctx
-        .client
-        .download_byte_range(&path, 8, Some(len as u64 * 100))
-        .await?;
-    let buf = download_to_vec(dl).await?;
-    assert_eq!(&buf, &orig[8..]);
-
-    // Partial range (end unspecified)
-    let dl = ctx.client.download_byte_range(&path, 4, None).await?;
-    let buf = download_to_vec(dl).await?;
-    assert_eq!(&buf, &orig[4..]);
-
-    // Full range (end unspecified)
-    let dl = ctx.client.download_byte_range(&path, 0, None).await?;
-    let buf = download_to_vec(dl).await?;
-    assert_eq!(&buf, &orig);
-
-    debug!("Cleanup: deleting file at path {path:?}");
-    ctx.client
-        .delete(&path)
-        .await
-        .with_context(|| format!("{path:?} removal"))?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[test_context(MaybeEnabledStorage)]
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn copy_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledStorage) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let MaybeEnabledStorage::Enabled(ctx) = ctx else {
-        return Ok(());
-    };
-
-    let path = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(
-        format!("{}/file_to_copy", ctx.base_prefix).as_str(),
-    ))
-    .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
-    let path_dest = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(
-        format!("{}/file_dest", ctx.base_prefix).as_str(),
-    ))
-    .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
-
-    let orig = bytes::Bytes::from_static("remote blob data content".as_bytes());
-
-    let (data, len) = wrap_stream(orig.clone());
-
-    ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path, None).await?;
-
-    // Normal download request
-    ctx.client.copy_object(&path, &path_dest).await?;
-
-    let dl = ctx.client.download(&path_dest).await?;
-    let buf = download_to_vec(dl).await?;
-    assert_eq!(&buf, &orig);
-
-    debug!("Cleanup: deleting file at path {path:?}");
-    ctx.client
-        .delete_objects(&[path.clone(), path_dest.clone()])
-        .await
-        .with_context(|| format!("{path:?} removal"))?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}
--- a/libs/remote_storage/tests/test_real_azure.rs
+++ b/libs/remote_storage/tests/test_real_azure.rs
@@ -2,27 +2,287 @@ use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::env;
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::UNIX_EPOCH;

 use anyhow::Context;
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use camino::Utf8Path;
+use futures::stream::Stream;
+use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
 use remote_storage::{
-    AzureConfig, GenericRemoteStorage, RemotePath, RemoteStorageConfig, RemoteStorageKind,
+    AzureConfig, Download, GenericRemoteStorage, RemotePath, RemoteStorageConfig, RemoteStorageKind,
 };
-use test_context::AsyncTestContext;
-use tracing::info;
+use test_context::{test_context, AsyncTestContext};
+use tokio::task::JoinSet;
+use tracing::{debug, error, info};

-mod common;
-
-#[path = "common/tests.rs"]
-mod tests_azure;
-
-use common::{cleanup, ensure_logging_ready, upload_remote_data, upload_simple_remote_data};
+static LOGGING_DONE: OnceCell<()> = OnceCell::new();

 const ENABLE_REAL_AZURE_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME: &str = "ENABLE_REAL_AZURE_REMOTE_STORAGE";

 const BASE_PREFIX: &str = "test";

+/// Tests that the Azure client can list all prefixes, even if the response comes paginated and requires multiple HTTP queries.
+/// Uses real Azure and requires [`ENABLE_REAL_AZURE_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME`] and related Azure cred env vars specified.
+/// See the client creation in [`create_azure_client`] for details on the required env vars.
+/// If real Azure tests are disabled, the test passes, skipping any real test run: currently, there's no way to mark the test ignored in runtime with the
+/// deafult test framework, see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/68007 for details.
+///
+/// First, the test creates a set of Azure blobs with keys `/${random_prefix_part}/${base_prefix_str}/sub_prefix_${i}/blob_${i}` in [`upload_azure_data`]
+/// where
+/// * `random_prefix_part` is set for the entire Azure client during the Azure client creation in [`create_azure_client`], to avoid multiple test runs interference
+/// * `base_prefix_str` is a common prefix to use in the client requests: we would want to ensure that the client is able to list nested prefixes inside the bucket
+///
+/// Then, verifies that the client does return correct prefixes when queried:
+/// * with no prefix, it lists everything after its `${random_prefix_part}/` — that should be `${base_prefix_str}` value only
+/// * with `${base_prefix_str}/` prefix, it lists every `sub_prefix_${i}`
+///
+/// With the real Azure enabled and `#[cfg(test)]` Rust configuration used, the Azure client test adds a `max-keys` param to limit the response keys.
+/// This way, we are able to test the pagination implicitly, by ensuring all results are returned from the remote storage and avoid uploading too many blobs to Azure.
+///
+/// Lastly, the test attempts to clean up and remove all uploaded Azure files.
+/// If any errors appear during the clean up, they get logged, but the test is not failed or stopped until clean up is finished.
+#[test_context(MaybeEnabledAzureWithTestBlobs)]
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn azure_pagination_should_work(
+    ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledAzureWithTestBlobs,
+) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let ctx = match ctx {
+        MaybeEnabledAzureWithTestBlobs::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
+        MaybeEnabledAzureWithTestBlobs::Disabled => return Ok(()),
+        MaybeEnabledAzureWithTestBlobs::UploadsFailed(e, _) => {
+            anyhow::bail!("Azure init failed: {e:?}")
+        }
+    };
+
+    let test_client = Arc::clone(&ctx.enabled.client);
+    let expected_remote_prefixes = ctx.remote_prefixes.clone();
+
+    let base_prefix = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(ctx.enabled.base_prefix))
+        .context("common_prefix construction")?;
+    let root_remote_prefixes = test_client
+        .list_prefixes(None)
+        .await
+        .context("client list root prefixes failure")?
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(
+        root_remote_prefixes, HashSet::from([base_prefix.clone()]),
+        "remote storage root prefixes list mismatches with the uploads. Returned prefixes: {root_remote_prefixes:?}"
+    );
+
+    let nested_remote_prefixes = test_client
+        .list_prefixes(Some(&base_prefix))
+        .await
+        .context("client list nested prefixes failure")?
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+    let remote_only_prefixes = nested_remote_prefixes
+        .difference(&expected_remote_prefixes)
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+    let missing_uploaded_prefixes = expected_remote_prefixes
+        .difference(&nested_remote_prefixes)
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(
+        remote_only_prefixes.len() + missing_uploaded_prefixes.len(), 0,
+        "remote storage nested prefixes list mismatches with the uploads. Remote only prefixes: {remote_only_prefixes:?}, missing uploaded prefixes: {missing_uploaded_prefixes:?}",
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Tests that Azure client can list all files in a folder, even if the response comes paginated and requirees multiple Azure queries.
+/// Uses real Azure and requires [`ENABLE_REAL_AZURE_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME`] and related Azure cred env vars specified. Test will skip real code and pass if env vars not set.
+/// See `Azure_pagination_should_work` for more information.
+///
+/// First, create a set of Azure objects with keys `random_prefix/folder{j}/blob_{i}.txt` in [`upload_azure_data`]
+/// Then performs the following queries:
+///    1. `list_files(None)`. This should return all files `random_prefix/folder{j}/blob_{i}.txt`
+///    2. `list_files("folder1")`.  This  should return all files `random_prefix/folder1/blob_{i}.txt`
+#[test_context(MaybeEnabledAzureWithSimpleTestBlobs)]
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn azure_list_files_works(
+    ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledAzureWithSimpleTestBlobs,
+) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let ctx = match ctx {
+        MaybeEnabledAzureWithSimpleTestBlobs::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
+        MaybeEnabledAzureWithSimpleTestBlobs::Disabled => return Ok(()),
+        MaybeEnabledAzureWithSimpleTestBlobs::UploadsFailed(e, _) => {
+            anyhow::bail!("Azure init failed: {e:?}")
+        }
+    };
+    let test_client = Arc::clone(&ctx.enabled.client);
+    let base_prefix =
+        RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new("folder1")).context("common_prefix construction")?;
+    let root_files = test_client
+        .list_files(None)
+        .await
+        .context("client list root files failure")?
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(
+        root_files,
+        ctx.remote_blobs.clone(),
+        "remote storage list_files on root mismatches with the uploads."
+    );
+    let nested_remote_files = test_client
+        .list_files(Some(&base_prefix))
+        .await
+        .context("client list nested files failure")?
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+    let trim_remote_blobs: HashSet<_> = ctx
+        .remote_blobs
+        .iter()
+        .map(|x| x.get_path())
+        .filter(|x| x.starts_with("folder1"))
+        .map(|x| RemotePath::new(x).expect("must be valid path"))
+        .collect();
+    assert_eq!(
+        nested_remote_files, trim_remote_blobs,
+        "remote storage list_files on subdirrectory mismatches with the uploads."
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test_context(MaybeEnabledAzure)]
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn azure_delete_non_exising_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledAzure) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let ctx = match ctx {
+        MaybeEnabledAzure::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
+        MaybeEnabledAzure::Disabled => return Ok(()),
+    };
+
+    let path = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(
+        format!("{}/for_sure_there_is_nothing_there_really", ctx.base_prefix).as_str(),
+    ))
+    .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
+
+    ctx.client.delete(&path).await.expect("should succeed");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test_context(MaybeEnabledAzure)]
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn azure_delete_objects_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledAzure) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let ctx = match ctx {
+        MaybeEnabledAzure::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
+        MaybeEnabledAzure::Disabled => return Ok(()),
+    };
+
+    let path1 = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(format!("{}/path1", ctx.base_prefix).as_str()))
+        .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
+
+    let path2 = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(format!("{}/path2", ctx.base_prefix).as_str()))
+        .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
+
+    let path3 = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(format!("{}/path3", ctx.base_prefix).as_str()))
+        .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
+
+    let (data, len) = upload_stream("remote blob data1".as_bytes().into());
+    ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path1, None).await?;
+
+    let (data, len) = upload_stream("remote blob data2".as_bytes().into());
+    ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path2, None).await?;
+
+    let (data, len) = upload_stream("remote blob data3".as_bytes().into());
+    ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path3, None).await?;
+
+    ctx.client.delete_objects(&[path1, path2]).await?;
+
+    let prefixes = ctx.client.list_prefixes(None).await?;
+
+    assert_eq!(prefixes.len(), 1);
+
+    ctx.client.delete_objects(&[path3]).await?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test_context(MaybeEnabledAzure)]
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn azure_upload_download_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledAzure) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let MaybeEnabledAzure::Enabled(ctx) = ctx else {
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+
+    let path = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(format!("{}/file", ctx.base_prefix).as_str()))
+        .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
+
+    let orig = bytes::Bytes::from_static("remote blob data here".as_bytes());
+
+    let (data, len) = wrap_stream(orig.clone());
+
+    ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path, None).await?;
+
+    async fn download_and_compare(dl: Download) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        tokio::io::copy_buf(
+            &mut tokio_util::io::StreamReader::new(dl.download_stream),
+            &mut buf,
+        )
+        .await?;
+        Ok(buf)
+    }
+    // Normal download request
+    let dl = ctx.client.download(&path).await?;
+    let buf = download_and_compare(dl).await?;
+    assert_eq!(&buf, &orig);
+
+    // Full range (end specified)
+    let dl = ctx
+        .client
+        .download_byte_range(&path, 0, Some(len as u64))
+        .await?;
+    let buf = download_and_compare(dl).await?;
+    assert_eq!(&buf, &orig);
+
+    // partial range (end specified)
+    let dl = ctx.client.download_byte_range(&path, 4, Some(10)).await?;
+    let buf = download_and_compare(dl).await?;
+    assert_eq!(&buf, &orig[4..10]);
+
+    // partial range (end beyond real end)
+    let dl = ctx
+        .client
+        .download_byte_range(&path, 8, Some(len as u64 * 100))
+        .await?;
+    let buf = download_and_compare(dl).await?;
+    assert_eq!(&buf, &orig[8..]);
+
+    // Partial range (end unspecified)
+    let dl = ctx.client.download_byte_range(&path, 4, None).await?;
+    let buf = download_and_compare(dl).await?;
+    assert_eq!(&buf, &orig[4..]);
+
+    // Full range (end unspecified)
+    let dl = ctx.client.download_byte_range(&path, 0, None).await?;
+    let buf = download_and_compare(dl).await?;
+    assert_eq!(&buf, &orig);
+
+    debug!("Cleanup: deleting file at path {path:?}");
+    ctx.client
+        .delete(&path)
+        .await
+        .with_context(|| format!("{path:?} removal"))?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn ensure_logging_ready() {
+    LOGGING_DONE.get_or_init(|| {
+        utils::logging::init(
+            utils::logging::LogFormat::Test,
+            utils::logging::TracingErrorLayerEnablement::Disabled,
+            utils::logging::Output::Stdout,
+        )
+        .expect("logging init failed");
+    });
+}
+
 struct EnabledAzure {
    client: Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>,
    base_prefix: &'static str,
@@ -41,13 +301,13 @@ impl EnabledAzure {
    }
 }

-enum MaybeEnabledStorage {
+enum MaybeEnabledAzure {
    Enabled(EnabledAzure),
    Disabled,
 }

 #[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledStorage {
+impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledAzure {
    async fn setup() -> Self {
        ensure_logging_ready();

@@ -63,7 +323,7 @@ impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledStorage {
    }
 }

-enum MaybeEnabledStorageWithTestBlobs {
+enum MaybeEnabledAzureWithTestBlobs {
    Enabled(AzureWithTestBlobs),
    Disabled,
    UploadsFailed(anyhow::Error, AzureWithTestBlobs),
@@ -76,7 +336,7 @@ struct AzureWithTestBlobs {
 }

 #[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledStorageWithTestBlobs {
+impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledAzureWithTestBlobs {
    async fn setup() -> Self {
        ensure_logging_ready();
        if env::var(ENABLE_REAL_AZURE_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME).is_err() {
@@ -92,7 +352,7 @@ impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledStorageWithTestBlobs {

        let enabled = EnabledAzure::setup(Some(max_keys_in_list_response)).await;

-        match upload_remote_data(&enabled.client, enabled.base_prefix, upload_tasks_count).await {
+        match upload_azure_data(&enabled.client, enabled.base_prefix, upload_tasks_count).await {
            ControlFlow::Continue(uploads) => {
                info!("Remote objects created successfully");

@@ -127,7 +387,7 @@ impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledStorageWithTestBlobs {
 // However, they are not idential. The list_prefixes function is concerned with listing prefixes,
 // whereas the list_files function is concerned with listing files.
 // See `RemoteStorage::list_files` documentation for more details
-enum MaybeEnabledStorageWithSimpleTestBlobs {
+enum MaybeEnabledAzureWithSimpleTestBlobs {
    Enabled(AzureWithSimpleTestBlobs),
    Disabled,
    UploadsFailed(anyhow::Error, AzureWithSimpleTestBlobs),
@@ -138,7 +398,7 @@ struct AzureWithSimpleTestBlobs {
 }

 #[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledStorageWithSimpleTestBlobs {
+impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledAzureWithSimpleTestBlobs {
    async fn setup() -> Self {
        ensure_logging_ready();
        if env::var(ENABLE_REAL_AZURE_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME).is_err() {
@@ -154,7 +414,7 @@ impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledStorageWithSimpleTestBlobs {

        let enabled = EnabledAzure::setup(Some(max_keys_in_list_response)).await;

-        match upload_simple_remote_data(&enabled.client, upload_tasks_count).await {
+        match upload_simple_azure_data(&enabled.client, upload_tasks_count).await {
            ControlFlow::Continue(uploads) => {
                info!("Remote objects created successfully");

@@ -218,3 +478,166 @@ fn create_azure_client(
        GenericRemoteStorage::from_config(&remote_storage_config).context("remote storage init")?,
    ))
 }
+
+struct Uploads {
+    prefixes: HashSet<RemotePath>,
+    blobs: HashSet<RemotePath>,
+}
+
+async fn upload_azure_data(
+    client: &Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>,
+    base_prefix_str: &'static str,
+    upload_tasks_count: usize,
+) -> ControlFlow<Uploads, Uploads> {
+    info!("Creating {upload_tasks_count} Azure files");
+    let mut upload_tasks = JoinSet::new();
+    for i in 1..upload_tasks_count + 1 {
+        let task_client = Arc::clone(client);
+        upload_tasks.spawn(async move {
+            let prefix = format!("{base_prefix_str}/sub_prefix_{i}/");
+            let blob_prefix = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(&prefix))
+                .with_context(|| format!("{prefix:?} to RemotePath conversion"))?;
+            let blob_path = blob_prefix.join(Utf8Path::new(&format!("blob_{i}")));
+            debug!("Creating remote item {i} at path {blob_path:?}");
+
+            let (data, len) = upload_stream(format!("remote blob data {i}").into_bytes().into());
+            task_client.upload(data, len, &blob_path, None).await?;
+
+            Ok::<_, anyhow::Error>((blob_prefix, blob_path))
+        });
+    }
+
+    let mut upload_tasks_failed = false;
+    let mut uploaded_prefixes = HashSet::with_capacity(upload_tasks_count);
+    let mut uploaded_blobs = HashSet::with_capacity(upload_tasks_count);
+    while let Some(task_run_result) = upload_tasks.join_next().await {
+        match task_run_result
+            .context("task join failed")
+            .and_then(|task_result| task_result.context("upload task failed"))
+        {
+            Ok((upload_prefix, upload_path)) => {
+                uploaded_prefixes.insert(upload_prefix);
+                uploaded_blobs.insert(upload_path);
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                error!("Upload task failed: {e:?}");
+                upload_tasks_failed = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let uploads = Uploads {
+        prefixes: uploaded_prefixes,
+        blobs: uploaded_blobs,
+    };
+    if upload_tasks_failed {
+        ControlFlow::Break(uploads)
+    } else {
+        ControlFlow::Continue(uploads)
+    }
+}
+
+async fn cleanup(client: &Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>, objects_to_delete: HashSet<RemotePath>) {
+    info!(
+        "Removing {} objects from the remote storage during cleanup",
+        objects_to_delete.len()
+    );
+    let mut delete_tasks = JoinSet::new();
+    for object_to_delete in objects_to_delete {
+        let task_client = Arc::clone(client);
+        delete_tasks.spawn(async move {
+            debug!("Deleting remote item at path {object_to_delete:?}");
+            task_client
+                .delete(&object_to_delete)
+                .await
+                .with_context(|| format!("{object_to_delete:?} removal"))
+        });
+    }
+
+    while let Some(task_run_result) = delete_tasks.join_next().await {
+        match task_run_result {
+            Ok(task_result) => match task_result {
+                Ok(()) => {}
+                Err(e) => error!("Delete task failed: {e:?}"),
+            },
+            Err(join_err) => error!("Delete task did not finish correctly: {join_err}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Uploads files `folder{j}/blob{i}.txt`. See test description for more details.
+async fn upload_simple_azure_data(
+    client: &Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>,
+    upload_tasks_count: usize,
+) -> ControlFlow<HashSet<RemotePath>, HashSet<RemotePath>> {
+    info!("Creating {upload_tasks_count} Azure files");
+    let mut upload_tasks = JoinSet::new();
+    for i in 1..upload_tasks_count + 1 {
+        let task_client = Arc::clone(client);
+        upload_tasks.spawn(async move {
+            let blob_path = PathBuf::from(format!("folder{}/blob_{}.txt", i / 7, i));
+            let blob_path = RemotePath::new(
+                Utf8Path::from_path(blob_path.as_path()).expect("must be valid blob path"),
+            )
+            .with_context(|| format!("{blob_path:?} to RemotePath conversion"))?;
+            debug!("Creating remote item {i} at path {blob_path:?}");
+
+            let (data, len) = upload_stream(format!("remote blob data {i}").into_bytes().into());
+            task_client.upload(data, len, &blob_path, None).await?;
+
+            Ok::<_, anyhow::Error>(blob_path)
+        });
+    }
+
+    let mut upload_tasks_failed = false;
+    let mut uploaded_blobs = HashSet::with_capacity(upload_tasks_count);
+    while let Some(task_run_result) = upload_tasks.join_next().await {
+        match task_run_result
+            .context("task join failed")
+            .and_then(|task_result| task_result.context("upload task failed"))
+        {
+            Ok(upload_path) => {
+                uploaded_blobs.insert(upload_path);
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                error!("Upload task failed: {e:?}");
+                upload_tasks_failed = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if upload_tasks_failed {
+        ControlFlow::Break(uploaded_blobs)
+    } else {
+        ControlFlow::Continue(uploaded_blobs)
+    }
+}
+
+// FIXME: copypasted from test_real_s3, can't remember how to share a module which is not compiled
+// to binary
+fn upload_stream(
+    content: std::borrow::Cow<'static, [u8]>,
+) -> (
+    impl Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    usize,
+) {
+    use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+    let content = match content {
+        Cow::Borrowed(x) => Bytes::from_static(x),
+        Cow::Owned(vec) => Bytes::from(vec),
+    };
+    wrap_stream(content)
+}
+
+fn wrap_stream(
+    content: bytes::Bytes,
+) -> (
+    impl Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    usize,
+) {
+    let len = content.len();
+    let content = futures::future::ready(Ok(content));
+
+    (futures::stream::once(content), len)
+}
--- a/libs/remote_storage/tests/test_real_s3.rs
+++ b/libs/remote_storage/tests/test_real_s3.rs
@@ -1,80 +1,173 @@
+use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::env;
-use std::fmt::{Debug, Display};
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::{Duration, UNIX_EPOCH};
-use std::{collections::HashSet, time::SystemTime};
+use std::time::UNIX_EPOCH;

-use crate::common::{download_to_vec, upload_stream};
 use anyhow::Context;
+use bytes::Bytes;
 use camino::Utf8Path;
-use futures_util::Future;
+use futures::stream::Stream;
+use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
 use remote_storage::{
    GenericRemoteStorage, RemotePath, RemoteStorageConfig, RemoteStorageKind, S3Config,
 };
-use test_context::test_context;
-use test_context::AsyncTestContext;
-use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
-use tracing::info;
+use test_context::{test_context, AsyncTestContext};
+use tokio::task::JoinSet;
+use tracing::{debug, error, info};

-mod common;
-
-#[path = "common/tests.rs"]
-mod tests_s3;
-
-use common::{cleanup, ensure_logging_ready, upload_remote_data, upload_simple_remote_data};
-use utils::backoff;
+static LOGGING_DONE: OnceCell<()> = OnceCell::new();

 const ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME: &str = "ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE";

 const BASE_PREFIX: &str = "test";

-#[test_context(MaybeEnabledStorage)]
+/// Tests that S3 client can list all prefixes, even if the response come paginated and requires multiple S3 queries.
+/// Uses real S3 and requires [`ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME`] and related S3 cred env vars specified.
+/// See the client creation in [`create_s3_client`] for details on the required env vars.
+/// If real S3 tests are disabled, the test passes, skipping any real test run: currently, there's no way to mark the test ignored in runtime with the
+/// deafult test framework, see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/68007 for details.
+///
+/// First, the test creates a set of S3 objects with keys `/${random_prefix_part}/${base_prefix_str}/sub_prefix_${i}/blob_${i}` in [`upload_s3_data`]
+/// where
+/// * `random_prefix_part` is set for the entire S3 client during the S3 client creation in [`create_s3_client`], to avoid multiple test runs interference
+/// * `base_prefix_str` is a common prefix to use in the client requests: we would want to ensure that the client is able to list nested prefixes inside the bucket
+///
+/// Then, verifies that the client does return correct prefixes when queried:
+/// * with no prefix, it lists everything after its `${random_prefix_part}/` — that should be `${base_prefix_str}` value only
+/// * with `${base_prefix_str}/` prefix, it lists every `sub_prefix_${i}`
+///
+/// With the real S3 enabled and `#[cfg(test)]` Rust configuration used, the S3 client test adds a `max-keys` param to limit the response keys.
+/// This way, we are able to test the pagination implicitly, by ensuring all results are returned from the remote storage and avoid uploading too many blobs to S3,
+/// since current default AWS S3 pagination limit is 1000.
+/// (see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListObjectsV2.html#API_ListObjectsV2_RequestSyntax)
+///
+/// Lastly, the test attempts to clean up and remove all uploaded S3 files.
+/// If any errors appear during the clean up, they get logged, but the test is not failed or stopped until clean up is finished.
+#[test_context(MaybeEnabledS3WithTestBlobs)]
 #[tokio::test]
-async fn s3_time_travel_recovery_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledStorage) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+async fn s3_pagination_should_work(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledS3WithTestBlobs) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let ctx = match ctx {
-        MaybeEnabledStorage::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
-        MaybeEnabledStorage::Disabled => return Ok(()),
+        MaybeEnabledS3WithTestBlobs::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
+        MaybeEnabledS3WithTestBlobs::Disabled => return Ok(()),
+        MaybeEnabledS3WithTestBlobs::UploadsFailed(e, _) => anyhow::bail!("S3 init failed: {e:?}"),
    };
-    // Our test depends on discrepancies in the clock between S3 and the environment the tests
-    // run in. Therefore, wait a little bit before and after. The alternative would be
-    // to take the time from S3 response headers.
-    const WAIT_TIME: Duration = Duration::from_millis(3_000);

-    async fn retry<T, O, F, E>(op: O) -> Result<T, E>
-    where
-        E: Display + Debug + 'static,
-        O: FnMut() -> F,
-        F: Future<Output = Result<T, E>>,
-    {
-        let warn_threshold = 3;
-        let max_retries = 10;
-        backoff::retry(
-            op,
-            |_e| false,
-            warn_threshold,
-            max_retries,
-            "test retry",
-            backoff::Cancel::new(CancellationToken::new(), || unreachable!()),
-        )
+    let test_client = Arc::clone(&ctx.enabled.client);
+    let expected_remote_prefixes = ctx.remote_prefixes.clone();
+
+    let base_prefix = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(ctx.enabled.base_prefix))
+        .context("common_prefix construction")?;
+    let root_remote_prefixes = test_client
+        .list_prefixes(None)
        .await
-    }
+        .context("client list root prefixes failure")?
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(
+        root_remote_prefixes, HashSet::from([base_prefix.clone()]),
+        "remote storage root prefixes list mismatches with the uploads. Returned prefixes: {root_remote_prefixes:?}"
+    );

-    async fn time_point() -> SystemTime {
-        tokio::time::sleep(WAIT_TIME).await;
-        let ret = SystemTime::now();
-        tokio::time::sleep(WAIT_TIME).await;
-        ret
-    }
+    let nested_remote_prefixes = test_client
+        .list_prefixes(Some(&base_prefix))
+        .await
+        .context("client list nested prefixes failure")?
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+    let remote_only_prefixes = nested_remote_prefixes
+        .difference(&expected_remote_prefixes)
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+    let missing_uploaded_prefixes = expected_remote_prefixes
+        .difference(&nested_remote_prefixes)
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(
+        remote_only_prefixes.len() + missing_uploaded_prefixes.len(), 0,
+        "remote storage nested prefixes list mismatches with the uploads. Remote only prefixes: {remote_only_prefixes:?}, missing uploaded prefixes: {missing_uploaded_prefixes:?}",
+    );

-    async fn list_files(client: &Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>) -> anyhow::Result<HashSet<RemotePath>> {
-        Ok(retry(|| client.list_files(None))
-            .await
-            .context("list root files failure")?
-            .into_iter()
-            .collect::<HashSet<_>>())
-    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Tests that S3 client can list all files in a folder, even if the response comes paginated and requirees multiple S3 queries.
+/// Uses real S3 and requires [`ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME`] and related S3 cred env vars specified. Test will skip real code and pass if env vars not set.
+/// See `s3_pagination_should_work` for more information.
+///
+/// First, create a set of S3 objects with keys `random_prefix/folder{j}/blob_{i}.txt` in [`upload_s3_data`]
+/// Then performs the following queries:
+///    1. `list_files(None)`. This should return all files `random_prefix/folder{j}/blob_{i}.txt`
+///    2. `list_files("folder1")`.  This  should return all files `random_prefix/folder1/blob_{i}.txt`
+#[test_context(MaybeEnabledS3WithSimpleTestBlobs)]
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn s3_list_files_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledS3WithSimpleTestBlobs) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let ctx = match ctx {
+        MaybeEnabledS3WithSimpleTestBlobs::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
+        MaybeEnabledS3WithSimpleTestBlobs::Disabled => return Ok(()),
+        MaybeEnabledS3WithSimpleTestBlobs::UploadsFailed(e, _) => {
+            anyhow::bail!("S3 init failed: {e:?}")
+        }
+    };
+    let test_client = Arc::clone(&ctx.enabled.client);
+    let base_prefix =
+        RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new("folder1")).context("common_prefix construction")?;
+    let root_files = test_client
+        .list_files(None)
+        .await
+        .context("client list root files failure")?
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(
+        root_files,
+        ctx.remote_blobs.clone(),
+        "remote storage list_files on root mismatches with the uploads."
+    );
+    let nested_remote_files = test_client
+        .list_files(Some(&base_prefix))
+        .await
+        .context("client list nested files failure")?
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+    let trim_remote_blobs: HashSet<_> = ctx
+        .remote_blobs
+        .iter()
+        .map(|x| x.get_path())
+        .filter(|x| x.starts_with("folder1"))
+        .map(|x| RemotePath::new(x).expect("must be valid path"))
+        .collect();
+    assert_eq!(
+        nested_remote_files, trim_remote_blobs,
+        "remote storage list_files on subdirrectory mismatches with the uploads."
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test_context(MaybeEnabledS3)]
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn s3_delete_non_exising_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledS3) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let ctx = match ctx {
+        MaybeEnabledS3::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
+        MaybeEnabledS3::Disabled => return Ok(()),
+    };
+
+    let path = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(
+        format!("{}/for_sure_there_is_nothing_there_really", ctx.base_prefix).as_str(),
+    ))
+    .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
+
+    ctx.client.delete(&path).await.expect("should succeed");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test_context(MaybeEnabledS3)]
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn s3_delete_objects_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledS3) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let ctx = match ctx {
+        MaybeEnabledS3::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
+        MaybeEnabledS3::Disabled => return Ok(()),
+    };

    let path1 = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(format!("{}/path1", ctx.base_prefix).as_str()))
        .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
@@ -85,99 +178,37 @@ async fn s3_time_travel_recovery_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledStorage) -> anyhow:
    let path3 = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(format!("{}/path3", ctx.base_prefix).as_str()))
        .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;

-    retry(|| {
-        let (data, len) = upload_stream("remote blob data1".as_bytes().into());
-        ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path1, None)
-    })
-    .await?;
+    let (data, len) = upload_stream("remote blob data1".as_bytes().into());
+    ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path1, None).await?;

-    let t0_files = list_files(&ctx.client).await?;
-    let t0 = time_point().await;
-    println!("at t0: {t0_files:?}");
+    let (data, len) = upload_stream("remote blob data2".as_bytes().into());
+    ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path2, None).await?;

-    let old_data = "remote blob data2";
+    let (data, len) = upload_stream("remote blob data3".as_bytes().into());
+    ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path3, None).await?;

-    retry(|| {
-        let (data, len) = upload_stream(old_data.as_bytes().into());
-        ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path2, None)
-    })
-    .await?;
+    ctx.client.delete_objects(&[path1, path2]).await?;

-    let t1_files = list_files(&ctx.client).await?;
-    let t1 = time_point().await;
-    println!("at t1: {t1_files:?}");
+    let prefixes = ctx.client.list_prefixes(None).await?;

-    // A little check to ensure that our clock is not too far off from the S3 clock
-    {
-        let dl = retry(|| ctx.client.download(&path2)).await?;
-        let last_modified = dl.last_modified.unwrap();
-        let half_wt = WAIT_TIME.mul_f32(0.5);
-        let t0_hwt = t0 + half_wt;
-        let t1_hwt = t1 - half_wt;
-        if !(t0_hwt..=t1_hwt).contains(&last_modified) {
-            panic!("last_modified={last_modified:?} is not between t0_hwt={t0_hwt:?} and t1_hwt={t1_hwt:?}. \
-                This likely means a large lock discrepancy between S3 and the local clock.");
-        }
-    }
+    assert_eq!(prefixes.len(), 1);

-    retry(|| {
-        let (data, len) = upload_stream("remote blob data3".as_bytes().into());
-        ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path3, None)
-    })
-    .await?;
-
-    let new_data = "new remote blob data2";
-
-    retry(|| {
-        let (data, len) = upload_stream(new_data.as_bytes().into());
-        ctx.client.upload(data, len, &path2, None)
-    })
-    .await?;
-
-    retry(|| ctx.client.delete(&path1)).await?;
-    let t2_files = list_files(&ctx.client).await?;
-    let t2 = time_point().await;
-    println!("at t2: {t2_files:?}");
-
-    // No changes after recovery to t2 (no-op)
-    let t_final = time_point().await;
-    ctx.client
-        .time_travel_recover(None, t2, t_final, CancellationToken::new())
-        .await?;
-    let t2_files_recovered = list_files(&ctx.client).await?;
-    println!("after recovery to t2: {t2_files_recovered:?}");
-    assert_eq!(t2_files, t2_files_recovered);
-    let path2_recovered_t2 = download_to_vec(ctx.client.download(&path2).await?).await?;
-    assert_eq!(path2_recovered_t2, new_data.as_bytes());
-
-    // after recovery to t1: path1 is back, path2 has the old content
-    let t_final = time_point().await;
-    ctx.client
-        .time_travel_recover(None, t1, t_final, CancellationToken::new())
-        .await?;
-    let t1_files_recovered = list_files(&ctx.client).await?;
-    println!("after recovery to t1: {t1_files_recovered:?}");
-    assert_eq!(t1_files, t1_files_recovered);
-    let path2_recovered_t1 = download_to_vec(ctx.client.download(&path2).await?).await?;
-    assert_eq!(path2_recovered_t1, old_data.as_bytes());
-
-    // after recovery to t0: everything is gone except for path1
-    let t_final = time_point().await;
-    ctx.client
-        .time_travel_recover(None, t0, t_final, CancellationToken::new())
-        .await?;
-    let t0_files_recovered = list_files(&ctx.client).await?;
-    println!("after recovery to t0: {t0_files_recovered:?}");
-    assert_eq!(t0_files, t0_files_recovered);
-
-    // cleanup
-
-    let paths = &[path1, path2, path3];
-    retry(|| ctx.client.delete_objects(paths)).await?;
+    ctx.client.delete_objects(&[path3]).await?;

    Ok(())
 }

+fn ensure_logging_ready() {
+    LOGGING_DONE.get_or_init(|| {
+        utils::logging::init(
+            utils::logging::LogFormat::Test,
+            utils::logging::TracingErrorLayerEnablement::Disabled,
+            utils::logging::Output::Stdout,
+        )
+        .expect("logging init failed");
+    });
+}
+
 struct EnabledS3 {
    client: Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>,
    base_prefix: &'static str,
@@ -196,13 +227,13 @@ impl EnabledS3 {
    }
 }

-enum MaybeEnabledStorage {
+enum MaybeEnabledS3 {
    Enabled(EnabledS3),
    Disabled,
 }

 #[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledStorage {
+impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledS3 {
    async fn setup() -> Self {
        ensure_logging_ready();

@@ -218,7 +249,7 @@ impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledStorage {
    }
 }

-enum MaybeEnabledStorageWithTestBlobs {
+enum MaybeEnabledS3WithTestBlobs {
    Enabled(S3WithTestBlobs),
    Disabled,
    UploadsFailed(anyhow::Error, S3WithTestBlobs),
@@ -231,7 +262,7 @@ struct S3WithTestBlobs {
 }

 #[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledStorageWithTestBlobs {
+impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledS3WithTestBlobs {
    async fn setup() -> Self {
        ensure_logging_ready();
        if env::var(ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME).is_err() {
@@ -247,7 +278,7 @@ impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledStorageWithTestBlobs {

        let enabled = EnabledS3::setup(Some(max_keys_in_list_response)).await;

-        match upload_remote_data(&enabled.client, enabled.base_prefix, upload_tasks_count).await {
+        match upload_s3_data(&enabled.client, enabled.base_prefix, upload_tasks_count).await {
            ControlFlow::Continue(uploads) => {
                info!("Remote objects created successfully");

@@ -282,7 +313,7 @@ impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledStorageWithTestBlobs {
 // However, they are not idential. The list_prefixes function is concerned with listing prefixes,
 // whereas the list_files function is concerned with listing files.
 // See `RemoteStorage::list_files` documentation for more details
-enum MaybeEnabledStorageWithSimpleTestBlobs {
+enum MaybeEnabledS3WithSimpleTestBlobs {
    Enabled(S3WithSimpleTestBlobs),
    Disabled,
    UploadsFailed(anyhow::Error, S3WithSimpleTestBlobs),
@@ -293,7 +324,7 @@ struct S3WithSimpleTestBlobs {
 }

 #[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledStorageWithSimpleTestBlobs {
+impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledS3WithSimpleTestBlobs {
    async fn setup() -> Self {
        ensure_logging_ready();
        if env::var(ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME).is_err() {
@@ -309,7 +340,7 @@ impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledStorageWithSimpleTestBlobs {

        let enabled = EnabledS3::setup(Some(max_keys_in_list_response)).await;

-        match upload_simple_remote_data(&enabled.client, upload_tasks_count).await {
+        match upload_simple_s3_data(&enabled.client, upload_tasks_count).await {
            ControlFlow::Continue(uploads) => {
                info!("Remote objects created successfully");

@@ -372,3 +403,166 @@ fn create_s3_client(
        GenericRemoteStorage::from_config(&remote_storage_config).context("remote storage init")?,
    ))
 }
+
+struct Uploads {
+    prefixes: HashSet<RemotePath>,
+    blobs: HashSet<RemotePath>,
+}
+
+async fn upload_s3_data(
+    client: &Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>,
+    base_prefix_str: &'static str,
+    upload_tasks_count: usize,
+) -> ControlFlow<Uploads, Uploads> {
+    info!("Creating {upload_tasks_count} S3 files");
+    let mut upload_tasks = JoinSet::new();
+    for i in 1..upload_tasks_count + 1 {
+        let task_client = Arc::clone(client);
+        upload_tasks.spawn(async move {
+            let prefix = format!("{base_prefix_str}/sub_prefix_{i}/");
+            let blob_prefix = RemotePath::new(Utf8Path::new(&prefix))
+                .with_context(|| format!("{prefix:?} to RemotePath conversion"))?;
+            let blob_path = blob_prefix.join(Utf8Path::new(&format!("blob_{i}")));
+            debug!("Creating remote item {i} at path {blob_path:?}");
+
+            let (data, data_len) =
+                upload_stream(format!("remote blob data {i}").into_bytes().into());
+            task_client.upload(data, data_len, &blob_path, None).await?;
+
+            Ok::<_, anyhow::Error>((blob_prefix, blob_path))
+        });
+    }
+
+    let mut upload_tasks_failed = false;
+    let mut uploaded_prefixes = HashSet::with_capacity(upload_tasks_count);
+    let mut uploaded_blobs = HashSet::with_capacity(upload_tasks_count);
+    while let Some(task_run_result) = upload_tasks.join_next().await {
+        match task_run_result
+            .context("task join failed")
+            .and_then(|task_result| task_result.context("upload task failed"))
+        {
+            Ok((upload_prefix, upload_path)) => {
+                uploaded_prefixes.insert(upload_prefix);
+                uploaded_blobs.insert(upload_path);
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                error!("Upload task failed: {e:?}");
+                upload_tasks_failed = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let uploads = Uploads {
+        prefixes: uploaded_prefixes,
+        blobs: uploaded_blobs,
+    };
+    if upload_tasks_failed {
+        ControlFlow::Break(uploads)
+    } else {
+        ControlFlow::Continue(uploads)
+    }
+}
+
+async fn cleanup(client: &Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>, objects_to_delete: HashSet<RemotePath>) {
+    info!(
+        "Removing {} objects from the remote storage during cleanup",
+        objects_to_delete.len()
+    );
+    let mut delete_tasks = JoinSet::new();
+    for object_to_delete in objects_to_delete {
+        let task_client = Arc::clone(client);
+        delete_tasks.spawn(async move {
+            debug!("Deleting remote item at path {object_to_delete:?}");
+            task_client
+                .delete(&object_to_delete)
+                .await
+                .with_context(|| format!("{object_to_delete:?} removal"))
+        });
+    }
+
+    while let Some(task_run_result) = delete_tasks.join_next().await {
+        match task_run_result {
+            Ok(task_result) => match task_result {
+                Ok(()) => {}
+                Err(e) => error!("Delete task failed: {e:?}"),
+            },
+            Err(join_err) => error!("Delete task did not finish correctly: {join_err}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Uploads files `folder{j}/blob{i}.txt`. See test description for more details.
+async fn upload_simple_s3_data(
+    client: &Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>,
+    upload_tasks_count: usize,
+) -> ControlFlow<HashSet<RemotePath>, HashSet<RemotePath>> {
+    info!("Creating {upload_tasks_count} S3 files");
+    let mut upload_tasks = JoinSet::new();
+    for i in 1..upload_tasks_count + 1 {
+        let task_client = Arc::clone(client);
+        upload_tasks.spawn(async move {
+            let blob_path = PathBuf::from(format!("folder{}/blob_{}.txt", i / 7, i));
+            let blob_path = RemotePath::new(
+                Utf8Path::from_path(blob_path.as_path()).expect("must be valid blob path"),
+            )
+            .with_context(|| format!("{blob_path:?} to RemotePath conversion"))?;
+            debug!("Creating remote item {i} at path {blob_path:?}");
+
+            let (data, data_len) =
+                upload_stream(format!("remote blob data {i}").into_bytes().into());
+            task_client.upload(data, data_len, &blob_path, None).await?;
+
+            Ok::<_, anyhow::Error>(blob_path)
+        });
+    }
+
+    let mut upload_tasks_failed = false;
+    let mut uploaded_blobs = HashSet::with_capacity(upload_tasks_count);
+    while let Some(task_run_result) = upload_tasks.join_next().await {
+        match task_run_result
+            .context("task join failed")
+            .and_then(|task_result| task_result.context("upload task failed"))
+        {
+            Ok(upload_path) => {
+                uploaded_blobs.insert(upload_path);
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                error!("Upload task failed: {e:?}");
+                upload_tasks_failed = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if upload_tasks_failed {
+        ControlFlow::Break(uploaded_blobs)
+    } else {
+        ControlFlow::Continue(uploaded_blobs)
+    }
+}
+
+fn upload_stream(
+    content: std::borrow::Cow<'static, [u8]>,
+) -> (
+    impl Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    usize,
+) {
+    use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+    let content = match content {
+        Cow::Borrowed(x) => Bytes::from_static(x),
+        Cow::Owned(vec) => Bytes::from(vec),
+    };
+    wrap_stream(content)
+}
+
+fn wrap_stream(
+    content: bytes::Bytes,
+) -> (
+    impl Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    usize,
+) {
+    let len = content.len();
+    let content = futures::future::ready(Ok(content));
+
+    (futures::stream::once(content), len)
+}
--- a/libs/safekeeper_api/src/models.rs
+++ b/libs/safekeeper_api/src/models.rs
@@ -51,9 +51,3 @@ pub struct SkTimelineInfo {
    #[serde(default)]
    pub http_connstr: Option<String>,
 }
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
-pub struct TimelineCopyRequest {
-    pub target_timeline_id: TimelineId,
-    pub until_lsn: Lsn,
-}
--- a/libs/utils/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libs/utils/Cargo.toml
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 edition.workspace = true
 license.workspace = true

-[features]
-default = []
-# Enables test-only APIs, incuding failpoints. In particular, enables the `fail_point!` macro,
-# which adds some runtime cost to run tests on outage conditions
-testing = ["fail/failpoints"]
-
 [dependencies]
 arc-swap.workspace = true
 sentry.workspace = true
@@ -22,7 +16,6 @@ chrono.workspace = true
 heapless.workspace = true
 hex = { workspace = true, features = ["serde"] }
 hyper = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
-fail.workspace = true
 futures = { workspace = true}
 jsonwebtoken.workspace = true
 nix.workspace = true
@@ -57,8 +50,6 @@ const_format.workspace = true
 # why is it only here? no other crate should use it, streams are rarely needed.
 tokio-stream = { version = "0.1.14" }

-serde_path_to_error.workspace = true
-
 [dev-dependencies]
 byteorder.workspace = true
 bytes.workspace = true
--- a/libs/utils/src/failpoint_support.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/failpoint_support.rs
@@ -1,177 +0,0 @@
-//! Failpoint support code shared between pageserver and safekeepers.
-
-use crate::http::{
-    error::ApiError,
-    json::{json_request, json_response},
-};
-use hyper::{Body, Request, Response, StatusCode};
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
-use tracing::*;
-
-/// use with fail::cfg("$name", "return(2000)")
-///
-/// The effect is similar to a "sleep(2000)" action, i.e. we sleep for the
-/// specified time (in milliseconds). The main difference is that we use async
-/// tokio sleep function. Another difference is that we print lines to the log,
-/// which can be useful in tests to check that the failpoint was hit.
-///
-/// Optionally pass a cancellation token, and this failpoint will drop out of
-/// its sleep when the cancellation token fires.  This is useful for testing
-/// cases where we would like to block something, but test its clean shutdown behavior.
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! __failpoint_sleep_millis_async {
-    ($name:literal) => {{
-        // If the failpoint is used with a "return" action, set should_sleep to the
-        // returned value (as string). Otherwise it's set to None.
-        let should_sleep = (|| {
-            ::fail::fail_point!($name, |x| x);
-            ::std::option::Option::None
-        })();
-
-        // Sleep if the action was a returned value
-        if let ::std::option::Option::Some(duration_str) = should_sleep {
-            $crate::failpoint_support::failpoint_sleep_helper($name, duration_str).await
-        }
-    }};
-    ($name:literal, $cancel:expr) => {{
-        // If the failpoint is used with a "return" action, set should_sleep to the
-        // returned value (as string). Otherwise it's set to None.
-        let should_sleep = (|| {
-            ::fail::fail_point!($name, |x| x);
-            ::std::option::Option::None
-        })();
-
-        // Sleep if the action was a returned value
-        if let ::std::option::Option::Some(duration_str) = should_sleep {
-            $crate::failpoint_support::failpoint_sleep_cancellable_helper(
-                $name,
-                duration_str,
-                $cancel,
-            )
-            .await
-        }
-    }};
-}
-pub use __failpoint_sleep_millis_async as sleep_millis_async;
-
-// Helper function used by the macro. (A function has nicer scoping so we
-// don't need to decorate everything with "::")
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub async fn failpoint_sleep_helper(name: &'static str, duration_str: String) {
-    let millis = duration_str.parse::<u64>().unwrap();
-    let d = std::time::Duration::from_millis(millis);
-
-    tracing::info!("failpoint {:?}: sleeping for {:?}", name, d);
-    tokio::time::sleep(d).await;
-    tracing::info!("failpoint {:?}: sleep done", name);
-}
-
-// Helper function used by the macro. (A function has nicer scoping so we
-// don't need to decorate everything with "::")
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub async fn failpoint_sleep_cancellable_helper(
-    name: &'static str,
-    duration_str: String,
-    cancel: &CancellationToken,
-) {
-    let millis = duration_str.parse::<u64>().unwrap();
-    let d = std::time::Duration::from_millis(millis);
-
-    tracing::info!("failpoint {:?}: sleeping for {:?}", name, d);
-    tokio::time::timeout(d, cancel.cancelled()).await.ok();
-    tracing::info!("failpoint {:?}: sleep done", name);
-}
-
-pub fn init() -> fail::FailScenario<'static> {
-    // The failpoints lib provides support for parsing the `FAILPOINTS` env var.
-    // We want non-default behavior for `exit`, though, so, we handle it separately.
-    //
-    // Format for FAILPOINTS is "name=actions" separated by ";".
-    let actions = std::env::var("FAILPOINTS");
-    if actions.is_ok() {
-        std::env::remove_var("FAILPOINTS");
-    } else {
-        // let the library handle non-utf8, or nothing for not present
-    }
-
-    let scenario = fail::FailScenario::setup();
-
-    if let Ok(val) = actions {
-        val.split(';')
-            .enumerate()
-            .map(|(i, s)| s.split_once('=').ok_or((i, s)))
-            .for_each(|res| {
-                let (name, actions) = match res {
-                    Ok(t) => t,
-                    Err((i, s)) => {
-                        panic!(
-                            "startup failpoints: missing action on the {}th failpoint; try `{s}=return`",
-                            i + 1,
-                        );
-                    }
-                };
-                if let Err(e) = apply_failpoint(name, actions) {
-                    panic!("startup failpoints: failed to apply failpoint {name}={actions}: {e}");
-                }
-            });
-    }
-
-    scenario
-}
-
-pub fn apply_failpoint(name: &str, actions: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
-    if actions == "exit" {
-        fail::cfg_callback(name, exit_failpoint)
-    } else {
-        fail::cfg(name, actions)
-    }
-}
-
-#[inline(never)]
-fn exit_failpoint() {
-    tracing::info!("Exit requested by failpoint");
-    std::process::exit(1);
-}
-
-pub type ConfigureFailpointsRequest = Vec<FailpointConfig>;
-
-/// Information for configuring a single fail point
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct FailpointConfig {
-    /// Name of the fail point
-    pub name: String,
-    /// List of actions to take, using the format described in `fail::cfg`
-    ///
-    /// We also support `actions = "exit"` to cause the fail point to immediately exit.
-    pub actions: String,
-}
-
-/// Configure failpoints through http.
-pub async fn failpoints_handler(
-    mut request: Request<Body>,
-    _cancel: CancellationToken,
-) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
-    if !fail::has_failpoints() {
-        return Err(ApiError::BadRequest(anyhow::anyhow!(
-            "Cannot manage failpoints because storage was compiled without failpoints support"
-        )));
-    }
-
-    let failpoints: ConfigureFailpointsRequest = json_request(&mut request).await?;
-    for fp in failpoints {
-        info!("cfg failpoint: {} {}", fp.name, fp.actions);
-
-        // We recognize one extra "action" that's not natively recognized
-        // by the failpoints crate: exit, to immediately kill the process
-        let cfg_result = apply_failpoint(&fp.name, &fp.actions);
-
-        if let Err(err_msg) = cfg_result {
-            return Err(ApiError::BadRequest(anyhow::anyhow!(
-                "Failed to configure failpoints: {err_msg}"
-            )));
-        }
-    }
-
-    json_response(StatusCode::OK, ())
-}
--- a/libs/utils/src/http/error.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/http/error.rs
@@ -31,9 +31,6 @@ pub enum ApiError {
    #[error("Shutting down")]
    ShuttingDown,

-    #[error("Timeout")]
-    Timeout(Cow<'static, str>),
-
    #[error(transparent)]
    InternalServerError(anyhow::Error),
 }
@@ -70,10 +67,6 @@ impl ApiError {
                err.to_string(),
                StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
            ),
-            ApiError::Timeout(err) => HttpErrorBody::response_from_msg_and_status(
-                err.to_string(),
-                StatusCode::REQUEST_TIMEOUT,
-            ),
            ApiError::InternalServerError(err) => HttpErrorBody::response_from_msg_and_status(
                err.to_string(),
                StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
@@ -131,9 +124,7 @@ pub fn api_error_handler(api_error: ApiError) -> Response<Body> {
        ApiError::ResourceUnavailable(_) => info!("Error processing HTTP request: {api_error:#}"),
        ApiError::NotFound(_) => info!("Error processing HTTP request: {api_error:#}"),
        ApiError::InternalServerError(_) => error!("Error processing HTTP request: {api_error:?}"),
-        ApiError::ShuttingDown => info!("Shut down while processing HTTP request"),
-        ApiError::Timeout(_) => info!("Timeout while processing HTTP request: {api_error:#}"),
-        _ => info!("Error processing HTTP request: {api_error:#}"),
+        _ => error!("Error processing HTTP request: {api_error:#}"),
    }

    api_error.into_response()
--- a/libs/utils/src/http/json.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/http/json.rs
@@ -25,12 +25,8 @@ pub async fn json_request_or_empty_body<T: for<'de> Deserialize<'de>>(
    if body.remaining() == 0 {
        return Ok(None);
    }
-
-    let mut deser = serde_json::de::Deserializer::from_reader(body.reader());
-
-    serde_path_to_error::deserialize(&mut deser)
-        // intentionally stringify because the debug version is not helpful in python logs
-        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to parse json request: {e}"))
+    serde_json::from_reader(body.reader())
+        .context("Failed to parse json request")
        .map(Some)
        .map_err(ApiError::BadRequest)
 }
--- a/libs/utils/src/id.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/id.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use std::num::ParseIntError;
 use std::{fmt, str::FromStr};

 use anyhow::Context;
@@ -375,13 +374,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for NodeId {
    }
 }

-impl FromStr for NodeId {
-    type Err = ParseIntError;
-    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
-        Ok(NodeId(u64::from_str(s)?))
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use serde_assert::{Deserializer, Serializer, Token, Tokens};
--- a/libs/utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -83,10 +83,6 @@ pub mod timeout;

 pub mod sync;

-pub mod failpoint_support;
-
-pub mod yielding_loop;
-
 /// This is a shortcut to embed git sha into binaries and avoid copying the same build script to all packages
 ///
 /// we have several cases:
--- a/libs/utils/src/logging.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/logging.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use std::str::FromStr;

 use anyhow::Context;
-use metrics::{IntCounter, IntCounterVec};
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use strum_macros::{EnumString, EnumVariantNames};

@@ -25,48 +24,16 @@ impl LogFormat {
    }
 }

-struct TracingEventCountMetric {
-    error: IntCounter,
-    warn: IntCounter,
-    info: IntCounter,
-    debug: IntCounter,
-    trace: IntCounter,
-}
-
-static TRACING_EVENT_COUNT_METRIC: Lazy<TracingEventCountMetric> = Lazy::new(|| {
-    let vec = metrics::register_int_counter_vec!(
+static TRACING_EVENT_COUNT: Lazy<metrics::IntCounterVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    metrics::register_int_counter_vec!(
        "libmetrics_tracing_event_count",
        "Number of tracing events, by level",
        &["level"]
    )
-    .expect("failed to define metric");
-    TracingEventCountMetric::new(vec)
+    .expect("failed to define metric")
 });

-impl TracingEventCountMetric {
-    fn new(vec: IntCounterVec) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            error: vec.with_label_values(&["error"]),
-            warn: vec.with_label_values(&["warn"]),
-            info: vec.with_label_values(&["info"]),
-            debug: vec.with_label_values(&["debug"]),
-            trace: vec.with_label_values(&["trace"]),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn inc_for_level(&self, level: tracing::Level) {
-        let counter = match level {
-            tracing::Level::ERROR => &self.error,
-            tracing::Level::WARN => &self.warn,
-            tracing::Level::INFO => &self.info,
-            tracing::Level::DEBUG => &self.debug,
-            tracing::Level::TRACE => &self.trace,
-        };
-        counter.inc();
-    }
-}
-
-struct TracingEventCountLayer(&'static TracingEventCountMetric);
+struct TracingEventCountLayer(&'static metrics::IntCounterVec);

 impl<S> tracing_subscriber::layer::Layer<S> for TracingEventCountLayer
 where
@@ -77,7 +44,15 @@ where
        event: &tracing::Event<'_>,
        _ctx: tracing_subscriber::layer::Context<'_, S>,
    ) {
-        self.0.inc_for_level(*event.metadata().level());
+        let level = event.metadata().level();
+        let level = match *level {
+            tracing::Level::ERROR => "error",
+            tracing::Level::WARN => "warn",
+            tracing::Level::INFO => "info",
+            tracing::Level::DEBUG => "debug",
+            tracing::Level::TRACE => "trace",
+        };
+        self.0.with_label_values(&[level]).inc();
    }
 }

@@ -131,9 +106,7 @@ pub fn init(
        };
        log_layer.with_filter(rust_log_env_filter())
    });
-    let r = r.with(
-        TracingEventCountLayer(&TRACING_EVENT_COUNT_METRIC).with_filter(rust_log_env_filter()),
-    );
+    let r = r.with(TracingEventCountLayer(&TRACING_EVENT_COUNT).with_filter(rust_log_env_filter()));
    match tracing_error_layer_enablement {
        TracingErrorLayerEnablement::EnableWithRustLogFilter => r
            .with(tracing_error::ErrorLayer::default().with_filter(rust_log_env_filter()))
@@ -284,14 +257,14 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for SecretString {
 mod tests {
    use metrics::{core::Opts, IntCounterVec};

-    use crate::logging::{TracingEventCountLayer, TracingEventCountMetric};
+    use super::TracingEventCountLayer;

    #[test]
    fn tracing_event_count_metric() {
        let counter_vec =
            IntCounterVec::new(Opts::new("testmetric", "testhelp"), &["level"]).unwrap();
-        let metric = Box::leak(Box::new(TracingEventCountMetric::new(counter_vec.clone())));
-        let layer = TracingEventCountLayer(metric);
+        let counter_vec = Box::leak(Box::new(counter_vec)); // make it 'static
+        let layer = TracingEventCountLayer(counter_vec);
        use tracing_subscriber::prelude::*;

        tracing::subscriber::with_default(tracing_subscriber::registry().with(layer), || {
--- a/libs/utils/src/lsn.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/lsn.rs
@@ -366,49 +366,6 @@ impl MonotonicCounter<Lsn> for RecordLsn {
    }
 }

-/// Implements  [`rand::distributions::uniform::UniformSampler`] so we can sample [`Lsn`]s.
-///
-/// This is used by the `pagebench` pageserver benchmarking tool.
-pub struct LsnSampler(<u64 as rand::distributions::uniform::SampleUniform>::Sampler);
-
-impl rand::distributions::uniform::SampleUniform for Lsn {
-    type Sampler = LsnSampler;
-}
-
-impl rand::distributions::uniform::UniformSampler for LsnSampler {
-    type X = Lsn;
-
-    fn new<B1, B2>(low: B1, high: B2) -> Self
-    where
-        B1: rand::distributions::uniform::SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
-        B2: rand::distributions::uniform::SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
-    {
-        Self(
-            <u64 as rand::distributions::uniform::SampleUniform>::Sampler::new(
-                low.borrow().0,
-                high.borrow().0,
-            ),
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn new_inclusive<B1, B2>(low: B1, high: B2) -> Self
-    where
-        B1: rand::distributions::uniform::SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
-        B2: rand::distributions::uniform::SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
-    {
-        Self(
-            <u64 as rand::distributions::uniform::SampleUniform>::Sampler::new_inclusive(
-                low.borrow().0,
-                high.borrow().0,
-            ),
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn sample<R: rand::prelude::Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Self::X {
-        Lsn(self.0.sample(rng))
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use crate::bin_ser::BeSer;
--- a/libs/utils/src/nonblock.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/nonblock.rs
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ use std::os::unix::io::RawFd;
 pub fn set_nonblock(fd: RawFd) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
    let bits = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL)?;

-    // If F_GETFL returns some unknown bits, they should be valid
+    // Safety: If F_GETFL returns some unknown bits, they should be valid
    // for passing back to F_SETFL, too. If we left them out, the F_SETFL
    // would effectively clear them, which is not what we want.
-    let mut flags = OFlag::from_bits_retain(bits);
+    let mut flags = unsafe { OFlag::from_bits_unchecked(bits) };
    flags |= OFlag::O_NONBLOCK;

    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL(flags))?;
--- a/libs/utils/src/sync/gate.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/sync/gate.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,6 @@ pub struct Gate {
    name: String,
 }

-impl std::fmt::Debug for Gate {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "Gate<{}>", self.name)
-    }
-}
-
 /// RAII guard for a [`Gate`]: as long as this exists, calls to [`Gate::close`] will
 /// not complete.
 #[derive(Debug)]
--- a/libs/utils/src/tcp_listener.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/tcp_listener.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use std::{
    io,
    net::{TcpListener, ToSocketAddrs},
+    os::unix::prelude::AsRawFd,
 };

 use nix::sys::socket::{setsockopt, sockopt::ReuseAddr};
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ use nix::sys::socket::{setsockopt, sockopt::ReuseAddr};
 pub fn bind<A: ToSocketAddrs>(addr: A) -> io::Result<TcpListener> {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind(addr)?;

-    setsockopt(&listener, ReuseAddr, &true)?;
+    setsockopt(listener.as_raw_fd(), ReuseAddr, &true)?;

    Ok(listener)
 }
--- a/libs/utils/src/timeout.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/timeout.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,8 @@ use std::time::Duration;

 use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;

-#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 pub enum TimeoutCancellableError {
-    #[error("Timed out")]
    Timeout,
-    #[error("Cancelled")]
    Cancelled,
 }

--- a/libs/utils/src/yielding_loop.rs
+++ b/libs/utils/src/yielding_loop.rs
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
-
-#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
-pub enum YieldingLoopError {
-    #[error("Cancelled")]
-    Cancelled,
-}
-
-/// Helper for long synchronous loops, e.g. over all tenants in the system.  Periodically
-/// yields to avoid blocking the executor, and after resuming checks the provided
-/// cancellation token to drop out promptly on shutdown.
-#[inline(always)]
-pub async fn yielding_loop<I, T, F>(
-    interval: usize,
-    cancel: &CancellationToken,
-    iter: I,
-    mut visitor: F,
-) -> Result<(), YieldingLoopError>
-where
-    I: Iterator<Item = T>,
-    F: FnMut(T),
-{
-    for (i, item) in iter.enumerate() {
-        visitor(item);
-
-        if i + 1 % interval == 0 {
-            tokio::task::yield_now().await;
-            if cancel.is_cancelled() {
-                return Err(YieldingLoopError::Cancelled);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
--- a/libs/vm_monitor/src/runner.rs
+++ b/libs/vm_monitor/src/runner.rs
@@ -446,11 +446,12 @@ impl Runner {
                    if let Some(t) = self.last_upscale_request_at {
                        let elapsed = t.elapsed();
                        if elapsed < Duration::from_secs(1) {
-                            // *Ideally* we'd like to log here that we're ignoring the fact the
-                            // memory stats are too high, but in practice this can result in
-                            // spamming the logs with repetitive messages about ignoring the signal
-                            //
-                            // See https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/5865 for more.
+                            info!(
+                                elapsed_millis = elapsed.as_millis(),
+                                avg_non_reclaimable = bytes_to_mebibytes(cgroup_mem_stat.avg_non_reclaimable),
+                                threshold = bytes_to_mebibytes(cgroup.threshold),
+                                "cgroup memory stats are high enough to upscale but too soon to forward the request, ignoring",
+                            );
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
--- a/libs/walproposer/bindgen_deps.h
+++ b/libs/walproposer/bindgen_deps.h
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-#include "postgres.h"
 #include "walproposer.h"
--- a/libs/walproposer/build.rs
+++ b/libs/walproposer/build.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-//! Links with walproposer, pgcommon, pgport and runs bindgen on walproposer.h
-//! to generate Rust bindings for it.
-
 use std::{env, path::PathBuf, process::Command};

 use anyhow::{anyhow, Context};
--- a/libs/walproposer/src/api_bindings.rs
+++ b/libs/walproposer/src/api_bindings.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-//! A C-Rust shim: defines implementation of C walproposer API, assuming wp
-//! callback_data stores Box to some Rust implementation.
-
 #![allow(dead_code)]

 use std::ffi::CStr;
@@ -8,12 +5,12 @@ use std::ffi::CString;

 use crate::bindings::uint32;
 use crate::bindings::walproposer_api;
-use crate::bindings::NeonWALReadResult;
 use crate::bindings::PGAsyncReadResult;
 use crate::bindings::PGAsyncWriteResult;
 use crate::bindings::Safekeeper;
 use crate::bindings::Size;
 use crate::bindings::StringInfoData;
+use crate::bindings::TimeLineID;
 use crate::bindings::TimestampTz;
 use crate::bindings::WalProposer;
 use crate::bindings::WalProposerConnStatusType;
@@ -178,11 +175,31 @@ extern "C" fn conn_blocking_write(
    }
 }

-extern "C" fn recovery_download(wp: *mut WalProposer, sk: *mut Safekeeper) -> bool {
+extern "C" fn recovery_download(
+    sk: *mut Safekeeper,
+    _timeline: TimeLineID,
+    startpos: XLogRecPtr,
+    endpos: XLogRecPtr,
+) -> bool {
    unsafe {
        let callback_data = (*(*(*sk).wp).config).callback_data;
        let api = callback_data as *mut Box<dyn ApiImpl>;
-        (*api).recovery_download(&mut (*wp), &mut (*sk))
+        (*api).recovery_download(&mut (*sk), startpos, endpos)
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
+extern "C" fn wal_read(
+    sk: *mut Safekeeper,
+    buf: *mut ::std::os::raw::c_char,
+    startptr: XLogRecPtr,
+    count: Size,
+) {
+    unsafe {
+        let buf = std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(buf as *mut u8, count);
+        let callback_data = (*(*(*sk).wp).config).callback_data;
+        let api = callback_data as *mut Box<dyn ApiImpl>;
+        (*api).wal_read(&mut (*sk), buf, startptr)
    }
 }

@@ -194,28 +211,11 @@ extern "C" fn wal_reader_allocate(sk: *mut Safekeeper) {
    }
 }

-#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
-extern "C" fn wal_read(
-    sk: *mut Safekeeper,
-    buf: *mut ::std::os::raw::c_char,
-    startptr: XLogRecPtr,
-    count: Size,
-    _errmsg: *mut *mut ::std::os::raw::c_char,
-) -> NeonWALReadResult {
+extern "C" fn free_event_set(wp: *mut WalProposer) {
    unsafe {
-        let buf = std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(buf as *mut u8, count);
-        let callback_data = (*(*(*sk).wp).config).callback_data;
+        let callback_data = (*(*wp).config).callback_data;
        let api = callback_data as *mut Box<dyn ApiImpl>;
-        // TODO: errmsg is not forwarded
-        (*api).wal_read(&mut (*sk), buf, startptr)
-    }
-}
-
-extern "C" fn wal_reader_events(sk: *mut Safekeeper) -> uint32 {
-    unsafe {
-        let callback_data = (*(*(*sk).wp).config).callback_data;
-        let api = callback_data as *mut Box<dyn ApiImpl>;
-        (*api).wal_reader_events(&mut (*sk))
+        (*api).free_event_set(&mut (*wp));
    }
 }

@@ -235,14 +235,6 @@ extern "C" fn update_event_set(sk: *mut Safekeeper, events: uint32) {
    }
 }

-extern "C" fn active_state_update_event_set(sk: *mut Safekeeper) {
-    unsafe {
-        let callback_data = (*(*(*sk).wp).config).callback_data;
-        let api = callback_data as *mut Box<dyn ApiImpl>;
-        (*api).active_state_update_event_set(&mut (*sk));
-    }
-}
-
 extern "C" fn add_safekeeper_event_set(sk: *mut Safekeeper, events: uint32) {
    unsafe {
        let callback_data = (*(*(*sk).wp).config).callback_data;
@@ -251,14 +243,6 @@ extern "C" fn add_safekeeper_event_set(sk: *mut Safekeeper, events: uint32) {
    }
 }

-extern "C" fn rm_safekeeper_event_set(sk: *mut Safekeeper) {
-    unsafe {
-        let callback_data = (*(*(*sk).wp).config).callback_data;
-        let api = callback_data as *mut Box<dyn ApiImpl>;
-        (*api).rm_safekeeper_event_set(&mut (*sk));
-    }
-}
-
 extern "C" fn wait_event_set(
    wp: *mut WalProposer,
    timeout: ::std::os::raw::c_long,
@@ -326,6 +310,14 @@ extern "C" fn process_safekeeper_feedback(wp: *mut WalProposer, commit_lsn: XLog
    }
 }

+extern "C" fn confirm_wal_streamed(wp: *mut WalProposer, lsn: XLogRecPtr) {
+    unsafe {
+        let callback_data = (*(*wp).config).callback_data;
+        let api = callback_data as *mut Box<dyn ApiImpl>;
+        (*api).confirm_wal_streamed(&mut (*wp), lsn)
+    }
+}
+
 extern "C" fn log_internal(
    wp: *mut WalProposer,
    level: ::std::os::raw::c_int,
@@ -340,6 +332,14 @@ extern "C" fn log_internal(
    }
 }

+extern "C" fn after_election(wp: *mut WalProposer) {
+    unsafe {
+        let callback_data = (*(*wp).config).callback_data;
+        let api = callback_data as *mut Box<dyn ApiImpl>;
+        (*api).after_election(&mut (*wp))
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum Level {
    Debug5,
@@ -398,20 +398,20 @@ pub(crate) fn create_api() -> walproposer_api {
        conn_async_write: Some(conn_async_write),
        conn_blocking_write: Some(conn_blocking_write),
        recovery_download: Some(recovery_download),
-        wal_reader_allocate: Some(wal_reader_allocate),
        wal_read: Some(wal_read),
-        wal_reader_events: Some(wal_reader_events),
+        wal_reader_allocate: Some(wal_reader_allocate),
+        free_event_set: Some(free_event_set),
        init_event_set: Some(init_event_set),
        update_event_set: Some(update_event_set),
-        active_state_update_event_set: Some(active_state_update_event_set),
        add_safekeeper_event_set: Some(add_safekeeper_event_set),
-        rm_safekeeper_event_set: Some(rm_safekeeper_event_set),
        wait_event_set: Some(wait_event_set),
        strong_random: Some(strong_random),
        get_redo_start_lsn: Some(get_redo_start_lsn),
        finish_sync_safekeepers: Some(finish_sync_safekeepers),
        process_safekeeper_feedback: Some(process_safekeeper_feedback),
+        confirm_wal_streamed: Some(confirm_wal_streamed),
        log_internal: Some(log_internal),
+        after_election: Some(after_election),
    }
 }

--- a/libs/walproposer/src/walproposer.rs
+++ b/libs/walproposer/src/walproposer.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ use utils::id::TenantTimelineId;
 use crate::{
    api_bindings::{create_api, take_vec_u8, Level},
    bindings::{
-        NeonWALReadResult, Safekeeper, WalProposer, WalProposerConfig, WalProposerCreate,
-        WalProposerFree, WalProposerStart,
+        Safekeeper, WalProposer, WalProposerConfig, WalProposerCreate, WalProposerFree,
+        WalProposerStart,
    },
 };

@@ -86,19 +86,19 @@ pub trait ApiImpl {
        todo!()
    }

-    fn recovery_download(&self, _wp: &mut WalProposer, _sk: &mut Safekeeper) -> bool {
+    fn recovery_download(&self, _sk: &mut Safekeeper, _startpos: u64, _endpos: u64) -> bool {
        todo!()
    }

-    fn wal_reader_allocate(&self, _sk: &mut Safekeeper) -> NeonWALReadResult {
+    fn wal_read(&self, _sk: &mut Safekeeper, _buf: &mut [u8], _startpos: u64) {
        todo!()
    }

-    fn wal_read(&self, _sk: &mut Safekeeper, _buf: &mut [u8], _startpos: u64) -> NeonWALReadResult {
+    fn wal_reader_allocate(&self, _sk: &mut Safekeeper) {
        todo!()
    }

-    fn wal_reader_events(&self, _sk: &mut Safekeeper) -> u32 {
+    fn free_event_set(&self, _wp: &mut WalProposer) {
        todo!()
    }

@@ -110,18 +110,10 @@ pub trait ApiImpl {
        todo!()
    }

-    fn active_state_update_event_set(&self, _sk: &mut Safekeeper) {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
    fn add_safekeeper_event_set(&self, _sk: &mut Safekeeper, _events_mask: u32) {
        todo!()
    }

-    fn rm_safekeeper_event_set(&self, _sk: &mut Safekeeper) {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
    fn wait_event_set(&self, _wp: &mut WalProposer, _timeout_millis: i64) -> WaitResult {
        todo!()
    }
@@ -142,6 +134,10 @@ pub trait ApiImpl {
        todo!()
    }

+    fn confirm_wal_streamed(&self, _wp: &mut WalProposer, _lsn: u64) {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
    fn log_internal(&self, _wp: &mut WalProposer, _level: Level, _msg: &str) {
        todo!()
    }
@@ -244,7 +240,6 @@ impl Drop for Wrapper {

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use core::panic;
    use std::{
        cell::Cell,
        sync::{atomic::AtomicUsize, mpsc::sync_channel},
@@ -252,7 +247,7 @@ mod tests {

    use utils::id::TenantTimelineId;

-    use crate::{api_bindings::Level, bindings::NeonWALReadResult, walproposer::Wrapper};
+    use crate::{api_bindings::Level, walproposer::Wrapper};

    use super::ApiImpl;

@@ -360,17 +355,12 @@ mod tests {
            true
        }

-        fn recovery_download(
-            &self,
-            _wp: &mut crate::bindings::WalProposer,
-            _sk: &mut crate::bindings::Safekeeper,
-        ) -> bool {
-            true
+        fn wal_reader_allocate(&self, _: &mut crate::bindings::Safekeeper) {
+            println!("wal_reader_allocate")
        }

-        fn wal_reader_allocate(&self, _: &mut crate::bindings::Safekeeper) -> NeonWALReadResult {
-            println!("wal_reader_allocate");
-            crate::bindings::NeonWALReadResult_NEON_WALREAD_SUCCESS
+        fn free_event_set(&self, _: &mut crate::bindings::WalProposer) {
+            println!("free_event_set")
        }

        fn init_event_set(&self, _: &mut crate::bindings::WalProposer) {
@@ -393,13 +383,6 @@ mod tests {
            self.wait_events.set(WaitEventsData { sk, event_mask });
        }

-        fn rm_safekeeper_event_set(&self, sk: &mut crate::bindings::Safekeeper) {
-            println!(
-                "rm_safekeeper_event_set, sk={:?}",
-                sk as *mut crate::bindings::Safekeeper
-            );
-        }
-
        fn wait_event_set(
            &self,
            _: &mut crate::bindings::WalProposer,
@@ -425,7 +408,7 @@ mod tests {
        }

        fn log_internal(&self, _wp: &mut crate::bindings::WalProposer, level: Level, msg: &str) {
-            println!("wp_log[{}] {}", level, msg);
+            println!("walprop_log[{}] {}", level, msg);
        }

        fn after_election(&self, _wp: &mut crate::bindings::WalProposer) {
@@ -453,9 +436,9 @@ mod tests {
                event_mask: 0,
            }),
            expected_messages: vec![
-                // Greeting(ProposerGreeting { protocol_version: 2, pg_version: 160001, proposer_id: [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], system_id: 0, timeline_id: 9e4c8f36063c6c6e93bc20d65a820f3d, tenant_id: 9e4c8f36063c6c6e93bc20d65a820f3d, tli: 1, wal_seg_size: 16777216 })
+                // Greeting(ProposerGreeting { protocol_version: 2, pg_version: 160000, proposer_id: [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], system_id: 0, timeline_id: 9e4c8f36063c6c6e93bc20d65a820f3d, tenant_id: 9e4c8f36063c6c6e93bc20d65a820f3d, tli: 1, wal_seg_size: 16777216 })
                vec![
-                    103, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 113, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                    103, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 113, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 158, 76, 143, 54, 6, 60, 108, 110,
                    147, 188, 32, 214, 90, 130, 15, 61, 158, 76, 143, 54, 6, 60, 108, 110, 147,
                    188, 32, 214, 90, 130, 15, 61, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
@@ -495,7 +478,7 @@ mod tests {
        // walproposer will panic when it finishes sync_safekeepers
        std::panic::catch_unwind(|| wp.start()).unwrap_err();
        // validate the resulting LSN
-        assert_eq!(receiver.try_recv(), Ok(1337));
+        assert_eq!(receiver.recv()?, 1337);
        Ok(())
        // drop() will free up resources here
    }
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Joonas Koivunen	d87549696b	chore: clippy::too_many_arguments	2023-12-13 23:07:25 +00:00
Joonas Koivunen	960a29a6fe	refactor: cleanup extra cancellation waits	2023-12-13 23:05:54 +00:00
Joonas Koivunen	d6f6e9a87b	fix: layer backoff	2023-12-13 23:05:54 +00:00
Joonas Koivunen	ddae6e2b0a	feat: task hierarchy	2023-12-13 23:05:48 +00:00
Joonas Koivunen	e021298dec	use child_token instead of cloning	2023-12-13 23:05:35 +00:00
Joonas Koivunen	9790a7c2e8	test: allow shutdown_token when #[cfg(test)]	2023-12-13 22:56:31 +00:00
Joonas Koivunen	9660282c69	chore: cleanup unused	2023-12-13 22:41:06 +00:00
Joonas Koivunen	894cd3ddf7	refactor: eviction_task: stop using plain rate_limit	2023-12-13 22:41:06 +00:00
Joonas Koivunen	735c9b3b70	fix: gc lock acquire cancel	2023-12-13 22:33:32 +00:00
Joonas Koivunen	e76b24ccc5	fix: initial logical size permit cancel	2023-12-13 22:33:32 +00:00
Joonas Koivunen	6ff2c07cc8	fix: compaction lock and permit cancellable	2023-12-13 22:33:32 +00:00
Joonas Koivunen	efd46e478a	refactor: split concurrent_background_tasks_rate_limit	2023-12-13 22:33:32 +00:00