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tl;dr it's really hard to avoid throttling from memory.high, and it counts tmpfs & page cache usage, so it's also hard to make sense of. In the interest of fixing things quickly with something that should be *good enough*, this PR switches to instead periodically fetch memory statistics from the cgroup's memory.stat and use that data to determine if and when we should upscale. This PR fixes #5444, which has a lot more detail on the difficulties we've hit with memory.high. This PR also supersedes #5488.
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vm-monitor
The vm-monitor (or just monitor) is a core component of the autoscaling system,
along with the autoscale-scheduler and the autoscaler-agents. The monitor has
two primary roles: 1) notifying agents when immediate upscaling is necessary due
to memory conditions and 2) managing Postgres' file cache and a cgroup to carry
out upscaling and downscaling decisions.
More on scaling
We scale CPU and memory using NeonVM, our in-house QEMU tool for use with Kubernetes.
To control thresholds for receiving memory usage notifications, we start Postgres
in the neon-postgres cgroup and set its memory.{max,high}.
- See also:
neondatabase/autoscaling - See also:
neondatabase/vm-monitor, where initial development of the monitor happened. The repository is no longer maintained but the commit history may be useful for debugging.
Structure
The vm-monitor is loosely comprised of a few systems. These are:
- the server: this is just a simple
axumserver that accepts requests and upgrades them to websocket connections. The server only allows one connection at a time. This means that upon receiving a new connection, the server will terminate and old one if it exists. - the filecache: a struct that allows communication with the Postgres file cache. On startup, we connect to the filecache and hold on to the connection for the entire monitor lifetime.
- the cgroup watcher: the
CgroupWatcherpolls theneon-postgrescgroup's memory usage and sends rolling aggregates to the runner. - the runner: the runner marries the filecache and cgroup watcher together,
communicating with the agent throught the
Dispatcher, and then calling filecache and cgroup watcher functions as needed to upscale and downscale