chore: bump version to 3.2.1

Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>
refactor(migrations): squash schema into initial baseline
2026-11-07 16:05:27 +00:00 · 2026-08-14 00:13:58 +08:00 · 2026-08-14 00:13:09 +08:00 · 2026-08-14 00:11:56 +08:00 · 2026-08-14 00:10:13 +08:00 · 2026-08-13 22:43:48 +08:00
1019 changed files with 177569 additions and 87004 deletions
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ updates:
      day: monday
      time: '09:10'
      timezone: Asia/Shanghai
+    # 固定官方 Codex Desktop 的 TLS 指纹；升级前必须抓取握手并比对扩展顺序。
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: hyper-rustls
+      - dependency-name: reqwest
+      - dependency-name: rustls
    groups:
      minor-and-patch:
        update-types:
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
          } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"

      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:
          ${{ hashFiles('trivy-results.sarif') != '' &&
              (github.event_name != 'pull_request' ||
               github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository) }}
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@99df26d4f13ea111d4ec1a7dddef6063f76b97e9 # v4.37.0
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@5595ccaf912efad79be6eef63a5619ff05969be3 # v4.37.6
        with:
          sarif_file: trivy-results.sarif
          category: runtime-container
@@ -61,9 +61,44 @@ jobs:
          --health-retries 10
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}
+          # PR 场景需要 base 提交做冻结清单的 append-only 比对。
+          fetch-depth: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && 0 || 1 }}
+
+      # 已应用迁移的字节被 sqlx 启动校验钉死：改动已发布迁移会让所有
+      # 存量部署重启即失败。冻结清单保证旧文件不被改、新文件必须入册。
+      - name: Migration freeze check
+        working-directory: backend/migrations
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          BASE_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          sha256sum --check --strict .frozen-sha256
+          for file in *.sql; do
+            if ! awk '{print $2}' .frozen-sha256 | grep -Fxq "$file"; then
+              echo "::error file=backend/migrations/$file::migration $file is not frozen; append its sha256 to backend/migrations/.frozen-sha256"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          done
+          # 清单自证不足以防「改迁移 + 同 PR 刷新清单行」：校验对新哈希通过。
+          # 对 PR，断言 .frozen-sha256 相对 base 只增不改——base 里的每一行
+          # 必须原样保留（改哈希＝删行，删迁移＝删行，都会被挡）。
+          if [ -n "${BASE_SHA:-}" ]; then
+            base_manifest="$(git show "${BASE_SHA}:backend/migrations/.frozen-sha256" 2>/dev/null || true)"
+            if [ -n "$base_manifest" ]; then
+              while IFS= read -r line; do
+                [ -z "$line" ] && continue
+                if ! grep -Fxq "$line" .frozen-sha256; then
+                  file="$(printf '%s' "$line" | awk '{print $2}')"
+                  echo "::error file=backend/migrations/.frozen-sha256::frozen migration $file was modified or removed; released migrations are append-only — add a new numbered migration instead"
+                  exit 1
+                fi
+              done <<< "$base_manifest"
+            fi
+          fi

      - name: Setup Rust
        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1a3a6d54512beeaffd394f8d516ca16f2c506a20 # 1.97
@@ -71,7 +106,7 @@ jobs:
          components: rustfmt,clippy

      - name: Cache Rust
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@6323deb102c322ba6fcbdcafc7e3dddab59af2b6 # v2.9.2
        with:
          workspaces: backend -> target

@@ -81,7 +116,29 @@ jobs:

      - name: Rust clippy
        working-directory: backend
-        run: cargo clippy --all-targets --all-features --locked
+        run: cargo clippy --all-targets --all-features --locked -- -D warnings
+
+      - name: Configure PostgreSQL and Redis test authentication
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          postgres_password="$(openssl rand -hex 24)"
+          redis_password="$(openssl rand -hex 24)"
+          echo "::add-mask::$postgres_password"
+          echo "::add-mask::$redis_password"
+          docker exec --env PGPASSWORD=codex_proxy "${{ job.services.postgres.id }}" psql \
+            --username=codex_proxy --dbname=codex_proxy \
+            --set=ON_ERROR_STOP=1 \
+            --command="ALTER USER codex_proxy WITH PASSWORD '${postgres_password}'" >/dev/null
+          docker exec --env PGPASSWORD="$postgres_password" "${{ job.services.postgres.id }}" psql \
+            --username=codex_proxy --dbname=codex_proxy \
+            --set=ON_ERROR_STOP=1 --command='SELECT 1' >/dev/null
+          docker exec "${{ job.services.redis.id }}" redis-cli CONFIG SET requirepass "$redis_password" >/dev/null
+          docker exec "${{ job.services.redis.id }}" redis-cli --no-auth-warning -a "$redis_password" ping >/dev/null
+          {
+            echo "CPR_TEST_DATABASE_URL=postgres://codex_proxy:${postgres_password}@127.0.0.1:5432/codex_proxy"
+            echo "CPR_TEST_REDIS_URL=redis://:${redis_password}@127.0.0.1:6379"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"

      - name: Rust tests
        working-directory: backend
@@ -95,12 +152,12 @@ jobs:
      CI: 'true'
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}

      - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0ebf47130e4866e96fce0953f49152a61190b271 # v6.0.9
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0977fd99725f1db4007ccb2928dbb4e90d06cc86 # v6.0.10
        with:
          version: 11.7.0

@@ -134,7 +191,7 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 5
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}

@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ jobs:
      container: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.container }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
          fetch-depth: 0

      - name: Detect affected checks
        id: filter
-        uses: dorny/paths-filter@7b450fff21473bca461d4b92ce414b9d0420d706 # v4.0.2
+        uses: dorny/paths-filter@ceb8a2b8f2d89434be7ff52d3de7ec3738c5cc9d # v4.0.3
        with:
          filters: |
            backend:
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 name: Release

 on:
-  push:
-    tags:
-      - 'v*'
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      tag:
@@ -15,7 +12,7 @@ permissions:
  contents: read

 concurrency:
-  group: release-${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.tag || github.ref_name }}
+  group: release-${{ inputs.tag }}
  cancel-in-progress: false

 env:
@@ -29,6 +26,7 @@ jobs:
    outputs:
      tag: ${{ steps.version.outputs.tag }}
      version: ${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
+      docker_version: ${{ steps.version.outputs.docker_version }}
      build_time: ${{ steps.version.outputs.build_time }}
      git_sha: ${{ steps.version.outputs.git_sha }}
      platform_matrix: ${{ steps.version.outputs.platform_matrix }}
@@ -40,16 +38,16 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
-          ref: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.tag || github.ref }}
+          ref: ${{ inputs.tag }}
          fetch-depth: 0

      - name: Read release metadata
        id: version
        shell: bash
        env:
-          RELEASE_TAG: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.tag || github.ref_name }}
+          RELEASE_TAG: ${{ inputs.tag }}
        run: |
          ruby <<'RUBY' >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
          require "json"
@@ -104,7 +102,7 @@ jobs:
              require_string(platform, key, "#{platforms_path}: platforms[#{index}]")
            end
            archive = platform["archive"]
-            fail("#{platforms_path}: platforms[#{index}].archive must be tar.gz or zip") unless ["tar.gz", "zip"].include?(archive)
+            fail("#{platforms_path}: platforms[#{index}].archive must be tar.gz") unless archive == "tar.gz"
            platform_key = "#{platform["os"]}-#{platform["arch"]}"
            fail("#{platforms_path}: duplicate platform #{platform_key}") if seen_platforms[platform_key]
            seen_platforms[platform_key] = true
@@ -146,6 +144,8 @@ jobs:

          puts "tag=#{release_tag}"
          puts "version=#{version}"
+          # Docker tags forbid "+", so semver build metadata maps to "-" in image tags.
+          puts "docker_version=#{version.tr("+", "-")}"
          puts "build_time=#{Time.now.utc.iso8601}"
          puts "git_sha=#{git_sha.strip}"
          puts "platform_matrix=#{matrix}"
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.git_sha }}

@@ -185,9 +185,9 @@ jobs:
            ~/.cargo/registry
            ~/.cargo/git
            backend/target
-          key: cargo-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ hashFiles('backend/Cargo.lock') }}
+          key: cargo-v2-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ hashFiles('backend/Cargo.lock', 'backend/rust-toolchain.toml', 'backend/**/Cargo.toml', 'backend/.cargo/config.toml') }}
          restore-keys: |
-            cargo-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-
+            cargo-v2-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-

      - name: Build binary
        shell: bash
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ jobs:
            -v "$HOME/.cargo:/cargo" \
            -v "$PWD/..:/workspace" \
            -w /workspace/backend \
-            rust:1.97-bookworm@sha256:7d0723df719e7f213b69dc7c8c595985c3f4b060cfbee4f7bc0e347a86fe3b6a \
+            rust:1.97-bookworm@sha256:77fac8b98f9f46062bb680b6d25d5bcaabfc400143952ebc572e924bcbedc3fa \
            cargo build --release --locked --target "${{ matrix.target }}" --bin codex-proxy-rs
          cp "target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/${{ matrix.binary }}" "../dist/binaries/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}/${{ matrix.binary }}"
        working-directory: backend
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.git_sha }}

@@ -250,9 +250,9 @@ jobs:
            ~/.cargo/registry
            ~/.cargo/git
            backend/target
-          key: cargo-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ hashFiles('backend/Cargo.lock') }}
+          key: cargo-v2-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ hashFiles('backend/Cargo.lock', 'backend/rust-toolchain.toml', 'backend/**/Cargo.toml', 'backend/.cargo/config.toml') }}
          restore-keys: |
-            cargo-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-
+            cargo-v2-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-

      - name: Build binary
        shell: bash
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.git_sha }}

@@ -321,7 +321,6 @@ jobs:
          import pathlib
          import shutil
          import tarfile
-          import zipfile

          APP_NAME = "codex-proxy-rs"

@@ -357,8 +356,7 @@ jobs:

              binary_dest = package_root / platform["binary"]
              shutil.copy2(binary_src, binary_dest)
-              if platform["os"] != "windows":
-                  binary_dest.chmod(0o755)
+              binary_dest.chmod(0o755)
              shutil.copytree(frontend_dir, web_dist, dirs_exist_ok=True)

              archive_name = f"{APP_NAME}_{version}_{platform['os']}_{platform['arch']}.{platform['archive']}"
@@ -366,11 +364,6 @@ jobs:
              if platform["archive"] == "tar.gz":
                  with tarfile.open(archive_path, "w:gz") as archive:
                      archive.add(package_root, arcname=APP_NAME)
-              elif platform["archive"] == "zip":
-                  with zipfile.ZipFile(archive_path, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as archive:
-                      for path in sorted(package_root.rglob("*")):
-                          if path.is_file():
-                              archive.write(path, path.relative_to(package_dir))
              else:
                  raise SystemExit(f"Unsupported archive format: {platform['archive']}")
              archives.append(archive_path)
@@ -382,7 +375,7 @@ jobs:
          PY

      - name: Generate release asset provenance
-        uses: actions/attest@a1948c3f048ba23858d222213b7c278aabede763 # v4.1.1
+        uses: actions/attest@1e69f48acb82d1966a394da916b4c1698aa569d6 # v4.2.2
        with:
          subject-path: dist/release/*

@@ -412,7 +405,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.git_sha }}

@@ -458,7 +451,7 @@ jobs:
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@bb05f3f5519dd87d3ba754cc423b652a5edd6d2c # v4.2.0

      - name: Login to GHCR
-        uses: docker/login-action@af1e73f918a031802d376d3c8bbc3fe56130a9b0 # v4.4.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
        with:
          registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
          username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -475,8 +468,8 @@ jobs:
          push: true
          build-args: |
            CPR_PREBUILT_DIR=dist/docker
-          cache-from: type=gha,scope=runtime-prebuilt-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
-          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max,scope=runtime-prebuilt-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          cache-from: type=registry,ref=${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:buildcache-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          cache-to: type=registry,ref=${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:buildcache-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }},mode=min
          provenance: mode=max
          sbom: true
          labels: |
@@ -512,7 +505,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.git_sha }}

@@ -529,7 +522,7 @@ jobs:
        uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@6f9f17788090df1f26f669e9d70d6ae9567deba6 # v4.1.2

      - name: Login to GHCR
-        uses: docker/login-action@af1e73f918a031802d376d3c8bbc3fe56130a9b0 # v4.4.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
        with:
          registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
          username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -539,7 +532,7 @@ jobs:
        id: manifest
        shell: bash
        env:
-          VERSION: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.version }}
+          DOCKER_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.docker_version }}
          GIT_SHA: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.git_sha }}
          DOCKER_PLATFORMS: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.docker_platforms }}
          PRERELEASE: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.prerelease }}
@@ -562,7 +555,7 @@ jobs:
          fi

          target_args=(
-            -t "${image}:${VERSION}"
+            -t "${image}:${DOCKER_VERSION}"
            -t "${image}:sha-${GIT_SHA}"
          )
          if [ "$PRERELEASE" != true ]; then
@@ -570,7 +563,7 @@ jobs:
          fi
          docker buildx imagetools create "${target_args[@]}" "${sources[@]}"

-          inspect_output="$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "${image}:${VERSION}")"
+          inspect_output="$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "${image}:${DOCKER_VERSION}")"
          platform_list="$(awk '$1 == "Platform:" { print $2 }' <<< "${inspect_output}")"
          for platform in "${platforms[@]}"; do
            if ! grep -Eq "^${platform}(/|$)" <<< "${platform_list}"; then
@@ -580,7 +573,7 @@ jobs:
            fi
          done

-          digest="$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "${image}:${VERSION}" --format '{{ .Manifest.Digest }}')"
+          digest="$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "${image}:${DOCKER_VERSION}" --format '{{ .Manifest.Digest }}')"
          if [ -z "${digest}" ]; then
            echo "missing image digest"
            exit 1
@@ -588,7 +581,7 @@ jobs:
          echo "digest=${digest}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"

      - name: Generate container provenance attestation
-        uses: actions/attest@a1948c3f048ba23858d222213b7c278aabede763 # v4.1.1
+        uses: actions/attest@1e69f48acb82d1966a394da916b4c1698aa569d6 # v4.2.2
        with:
          subject-name: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
          subject-digest: ${{ steps.manifest.outputs.digest }}
@@ -598,7 +591,7 @@ jobs:
        shell: bash
        env:
          DIGEST: ${{ steps.manifest.outputs.digest }}
-          VERSION: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.version }}
+          DOCKER_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.docker_version }}
          GIT_SHA: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.git_sha }}
          PRERELEASE: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.prerelease }}
        run: |
@@ -609,7 +602,7 @@ jobs:
          fi

          image="${REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}"
-          tags=("${image}:${VERSION}" "${image}:sha-${GIT_SHA}")
+          tags=("${image}:${DOCKER_VERSION}" "${image}:sha-${GIT_SHA}")
          if [ "$PRERELEASE" != true ]; then
            tags+=("${image}:latest")
          fi
@@ -629,12 +622,15 @@ jobs:
          prerelease: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.prerelease == 'true' }}
          make_latest: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.prerelease == 'true' && 'false' || 'true' }}
          body: |
+            > [!WARNING]
+            > **Upgrading across major versions?** Online upgrades across major versions are not supported. Deploy the new major fresh with a new `.runtime/` data directory, then re-import or re-authorize provider accounts and client keys. See the [upgrade notes](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/blob/main/deploy/README.md#镜像升级与源码构建).
+
            ## 📥 Installation

            **Docker:**
            ```bash
            # GitHub Container Registry
-            docker pull ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:${{ needs.release-info.outputs.version }}
+            docker pull ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:${{ needs.release-info.outputs.docker_version }}
            ```

            **Manual download:**
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 20
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1a3a6d54512beeaffd394f8d516ca16f2c506a20 # 1.97

      - name: Cache Rust
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@6323deb102c322ba6fcbdcafc7e3dddab59af2b6 # v2.9.2
        with:
          workspaces: backend -> target

@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 15
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}

      - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0ebf47130e4866e96fce0953f49152a61190b271 # v6.0.9
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0977fd99725f1db4007ccb2928dbb4e90d06cc86 # v6.0.10
        with:
          version: 11.7.0

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Rust
-/backend/target/
+/backend/**/target/
 *.profraw
 *.profdata

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ Thumbs.db
 /.codex-ws-audit/
 /.agents/
 /.reasonix/
+/.claude
 /.worktrees/
 /worktrees/
 /.cargo/
@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@

 # Codex Proxy RS

-**基于 Rust 的高性能 Codex 多账号网关代理**
+**基于 Rust 的多 Provider 透明 AI 网关**

 [![CI](https://github.com/zyycn/codex-proxy-rs/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/zyycn/codex-proxy-rs/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
 [![Release](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/zyycn/codex-proxy-rs?display_name=tag&sort=semver&style=flat-square)](https://github.com/zyycn/codex-proxy-rs/releases)
 [![GHCR](https://img.shields.io/badge/GHCR-codex--proxy--rs-2496ED?logo=docker&logoColor=white&style=flat-square)](https://github.com/zyycn/codex-proxy-rs/pkgs/container/codex-proxy-rs)
 [![MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg?style=flat-square)](https://opensource.org/license/mit)

-[快速开始](#快速开始) · [客户端接入](#客户端接入) · [运维](#运维) · [部署文档](deploy/README.md) · [架构](docs/architecture.md)
+[快速开始](#快速开始) · [客户端接入](#客户端接入) · [运维](#运维) · [部署](deploy/README.md) · [接口](docs/api.md) · [架构](docs/architecture.md)

 </div>

@@ -21,15 +21,16 @@

 ## 能力

-| 领域     | 实现                                             |
-| -------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
-| 协议     | Responses HTTP、SSE、官方 WebSocket              |
-| 传输     | 会话级 WebSocket 池、共享 HTTP/2 后备            |
-| 调度     | 智能调度、额度优先、轮询、粘滞                   |
-| 故障处理 | 额度、认证、封禁、模型与传输故障切换             |
-| 身份     | 账号身份隔离、稳定 installation ID、会话拓扑透传 |
-| 管理     | 账号、客户端 Key、模型别名、运行设置与在线更新   |
-| 遥测     | Token、费用、缓存、TTFT、延迟与错误              |
+| 领域     | 实现                                                                                                  |
+| -------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| 协议     | OpenAI Responses JSON、SSE、WebSocket 与模型目录                                                       |
+| Provider | 固定 OpenAI、xAI 两个 Provider；各自管理 OAuth、账号、额度与模型目录                                    |
+| 路由     | Client Key 绑定 Provider、全局模型映射、会话亲和与同 Provider 安全 fallback                             |
+| 透明边界 | OpenAI 请求保留未知字段和字段顺序，SSE 与 WebSocket 原样转发业务字节；xAI 在 Provider 内做协议转换          |
+| 延续     | OpenAI native/replay continuation；xAI 使用客户端提交的完整历史                                          |
+| 账号     | 导入、OAuth、credential 刷新、主动额度刷新，以及正常响应中的被动额度/状态观测                              |
+| 管理     | Client Key、账号、模型目录、设置、观测、系统更新与 OAuth                                                 |
+| 计量     | 模型请求 Token、费用、延迟、账号与 Provider 归因，并记录响应确认的实际 `service_tier`                      |

 ## 快速开始

@@ -48,19 +49,23 @@ sudo chown "$(id -u):10001" deploy/config.yaml
 chmod 0640 deploy/config.yaml
 ```

-分别执行三次：
+分别生成 PostgreSQL 与 Redis 密码：

 ```bash
 openssl rand -hex 24
+openssl rand -hex 24
 ```

-将结果写入 `deploy/config.yaml`：
+把两个结果写入 `deploy/config.yaml`，并单独设置管理员初始密码：

-| 配置                           | 约束                     |
-| ------------------------------ | ------------------------ |
-| `x-cpr.database.password`      | 48 位十六进制            |
-| `x-cpr.redis.password`         | 48 位十六进制            |
-| `x-cpr.admin.default_password` | 至少 12 位，不能包含 `$` |
+| 配置                       | 约束                         |
+| -------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
+| `store.database.password`  | 48 位十六进制                 |
+| `store.redis.password`     | 48 位十六进制                 |
+| `admin.default_password`   | 至少 12 位，不能包含 `$`      |
+
+PostgreSQL、Redis 容器和应用通过同一份 `config.yaml` 使用这两个基础设施密码，不需要额外
+导出环境变量。管理员密码只在首次创建管理员时生效。

 Linux 需要允许容器组写入运行目录：

@@ -84,9 +89,18 @@ curl -i http://127.0.0.1:8080/healthz
 ### 3. 初始化

 1. 使用 `admin@cpr.local` 与初始密码登录。
-2. 添加 Codex 账号并执行连接测试。
-3. 创建 `sk_...` 客户端 Key。
-4. 复制 Codex CLI 配置，或导入 CCSwitch。
+2. 在账号页选择对应 Provider：OpenAI 支持 OAuth、账号文件与 Agent Identity；xAI 支持 OAuth
+   和兼容账号文件导入。
+3. 按需配置客户端模型到上游模型的全局映射；未命中映射的模型名原样透传。
+4. 创建 `sk_...` Client Key，绑定 `openai` 或 `xai`，并设置速率与并发限制。
+
+OpenAI 账号导入和首次 OAuth 创建在 credential 提交后会立即尝试一次额度观测；额度接口临时失败不会
+回滚已提交的账号。Free、K12 等套餐共用同一套额度与状态转换逻辑，套餐字段只作为账号事实并隔离
+对应的模型目录 cache。credential 刷新、额度刷新和正常请求中的被动额度观测是三条独立链路，详见
+[账号接口](docs/api.md#5-账号)。
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> xAI 使用 OAuth session，不支持把 xAI API Key 作为上游 credential。

 > [!NOTE]
 > `admin.default_password` 只在首次创建管理员时生效。
@@ -118,23 +132,26 @@ curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/responses \
 <details>
 <summary>API 路由</summary>

-| 路由                        | 用途                |
-| --------------------------- | ------------------- |
-| `POST /v1/responses`        | JSON 或 SSE         |
-| `GET /v1/responses`         | Responses WebSocket |
-| `POST /v1/responses/review` | Review              |
-| `GET /v1/models`            | 模型列表            |
-| `GET /v1/models/catalog`    | 模型目录            |
-| `GET /v1/models/{model_id}` | 模型详情            |
+| 路由                               | 用途                           |
+| ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
+| `POST /v1/responses`               | JSON 响应或 SSE Responses 流    |
+| `GET /v1/responses`                | Responses WebSocket 升级        |
+| `POST /v1/responses/review`        | review 子代理请求               |
+| `GET /v1/models`                   | 当前 Client Key 可用的模型列表   |
+| `GET /v1/models/catalog`           | Codex 客户端展示用模型目录      |
+| `GET /v1/models/{model_id}/info`   | Codex 客户端展示用模型详情      |
+| `GET /v1/models/{model_id}`        | OpenAI 兼容模型详情             |

 所有 `/v1/*` 路由都需要客户端 API Key。

 </details>

+完整的客户端与管理端路由、鉴权和 mutation 规则见 [接口文档](docs/api.md)。
+
 ## 运维

 ```bash
-# 升级
+# 实例升级
 docker compose -f deploy/compose.yaml pull codex-proxy-rs
 docker compose -f deploy/compose.yaml up -d --no-build

@@ -147,14 +164,33 @@ docker compose -f deploy/compose.yaml up -d
 ```

 > [!IMPORTANT]
-> `.runtime/` 保存数据库、Redis、身份密钥和日志。删除该目录会永久清除运行状态。
+> `.runtime/` 保存 PostgreSQL、Redis、日志、OpenAI 会话锚点密钥和自更新状态。删除该目录会永久清除
+> 运行状态。
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> 不支持跨大版本在线升级。升级到新的大版本时，请使用全新的 `.runtime/` 数据目录重新部署，
+> 并重新导入或重新授权 Provider 账号与客户端 Key。

 Compose 默认只绑定 `127.0.0.1`。公网接入应使用 HTTPS 反向代理，转发 WebSocket
 upgrade 与真实客户端 IP；不要暴露 PostgreSQL 或 Redis。

+## 维护与发布
+
+发布仓库版本必须从干净、已同步上游的发布分支运行：
+
+```bash
+release/publish <version>
+```
+
+脚本依赖已登录的 GitHub CLI（`gh auth login`）。它会更新 `release/version.yaml`、创建约定提交与带
+注释的 `v<version>` tag，原子推送分支和 tag，再从发布分支触发 Release 构建，使构建缓存可以跨版本
+复用。不要手工修改版本后单独打 tag。该脚本不会登录服务器，也不会改变任何运行实例；源码提交、
+仓库发版和实例升级是三个独立状态。
+
 ## 文档

 - [部署](deploy/README.md)
- [架构](docs/architecture.md)
+- [客户端与管理端接口](docs/api.md)
+- [架构与数据边界](docs/architecture.md)
 - [Release](https://github.com/zyycn/codex-proxy-rs/releases)
 - [容器镜像](https://github.com/zyycn/codex-proxy-rs/pkgs/container/codex-proxy-rs)
@@ -1,73 +1,29 @@
-[package]
-name = "codex-proxy-rs"
+[workspace]
+members = [
+    "apps/gateway",
+    "crates/gateway-admin",
+    "crates/gateway-api",
+    "crates/gateway-core",
+    "crates/gateway-host",
+    "crates/gateway-protocol",
+    "crates/gateway-store",
+    "crates/providers/openai",
+    "crates/providers/xai",
+]
+resolver = "3"
+
+[workspace.package]
+version = "0.0.0"
 edition = "2024"
 license = "MIT"
 publish = false
 rust-version = "1.97"

-[dependencies]
-argon2 = "0.5.3"
-async-trait = "0.1.89"
-axum = { version = "0.8.9", default-features = false, features = ["http1", "json", "query", "tokio", "tracing"] }
-base64 = "0.22.1"
-bytes = "1.11.1"
-chrono = { version = "0.4.45", features = ["serde", "clock"] }
-config = { version = "0.15.23", default-features = false, features = ["yaml"] }
-flate2 = "1.1.9"
-futures = "0.3.32"
-hex = "0.4.3"
-hmac = "0.13.0"
-hyper = { version = "1.10.1", features = ["http1", "server"] }
-hyper-util = { version = "0.1.20", features = ["tokio"] }
-indexmap = { version = "2.0", features = ["serde"] }
-ipnet = "2.12.0"
-rand = "0.10.1"
-# Enables password_hash::rand_core::OsRng for argon2 0.5.
-rand_core = { version = "0.6.4", features = ["getrandom"] }
-redis = { version = "1.3.0", default-features = false, features = ["tokio-comp", "connection-manager", "script"] }
-roxmltree = "0.21.1"
-# Pinned to the Codex Desktop 26.707.41301 HTTP stack; re-audit a newer Desktop before upgrading.
-reqwest = { version = "=0.12.28", default-features = false, features = ["json", "stream", "cookies", "rustls-tls-native-roots", "gzip", "brotli", "zstd", "deflate", "http2"] }
-rustls = { version = "=0.23.42", default-features = false, features = ["ring", "std", "tls12"] }
-rustls-native-certs = "0.8.4"
-rustls-pki-types = "1.14.1"
-secrecy = { version = "0.10.3", features = ["serde"] }
-semver = "1.0.27"
-serde = { version = "1.0.228", features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1.0.150", features = ["preserve_order"] }
-sha2 = "0.11.0"
-sqlx = { version = "0.9.0", default-features = false, features = ["runtime-tokio", "tls-rustls", "postgres", "chrono", "json"] }
-subtle = "2.6.1"
-tar = "0.4.44"
-thiserror = "2.0.18"
-tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["macros", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "fs", "time", "sync", "net"] }
-tokio-util = { version = "0.7.18", features = ["rt"] }
-tokio-tungstenite = { version = "0.28.0", features = ["proxy", "rustls-tls-native-roots"] }
-tower = { version = "0.5.3", features = ["util"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.6.11", features = ["trace", "cors", "request-id", "timeout", "fs"] }
-tracing = "0.1.44"
-tracing-appender = "0.2.5"
-tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.23", features = ["env-filter", "json"] }
-tungstenite = { version = "0.27.0", features = ["deflate", "proxy"] }
-url = "2.5.8"
-uuid = { version = "1.23.3", features = ["v4", "v7", "serde"] }
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-sqlx = { version = "0.9.0", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
-syn = { version = "2.0.118", features = ["full", "visit"] }
-tempfile = "3.27.0"
-tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["test-util"] }
-wiremock = "0.6.5"
-
-[patch.crates-io]
-tokio-tungstenite = { git = "https://github.com/openai-oss-forks/tokio-tungstenite", rev = "0e5b2d73aa18dd9f0a50ee9ff199d5aef7594186" }
-tungstenite = { git = "https://github.com/openai-oss-forks/tungstenite-rs", rev = "4fffad30fe373adbdcffab9545e9e9bf4f2fc19f" }
-
-[lints.rust]
+[workspace.lints.rust]
 warnings = "deny"
 unsafe_code = "forbid"

-[lints.clippy]
+[workspace.lints.clippy]
 all = { level = "deny", priority = 10 }
 redundant_clone = { level = "deny", priority = 9 }
 large_enum_variant = { level = "warn", priority = 8 }
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+[package]
+name = "codex-proxy-rs"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+publish.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+autotests = false
+
+[[test]]
+name = "main"
+path = "tests/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+gateway-admin = { path = "../../crates/gateway-admin" }
+gateway-api = { path = "../../crates/gateway-api" }
+gateway-core = { path = "../../crates/gateway-core" }
+gateway-host = { path = "../../crates/gateway-host" }
+gateway-store = { path = "../../crates/gateway-store" }
+provider-openai = { path = "../../crates/providers/openai" }
+provider-xai = { path = "../../crates/providers/xai" }
+serde = { version = "1.0.228", features = ["derive"] }
+thiserror = "2.0.18"
+tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["rt-multi-thread"] }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+config = { version = "0.15.23", default-features = false, features = ["yaml"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+syn = { version = "3.0.3", features = ["full"] }
+tempfile = "3.27.0"
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+//! 网关唯一组合根：加载包级配置并连接各 Bundle。
+
+use gateway_core::engine::provider::{ProviderRegistry, RegistryError};
+use gateway_host::{ConfigError, HostConfig, LoadableConfig};
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
+const CONFIG_SCHEMA_VERSION: u32 = 1;
+
+/// 顶层配置只组合各包拥有的配置段，不解释任何业务字段。
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct GatewayConfig {
+    schema_version: u32,
+    host: HostConfig,
+    store: gateway_store::StoreConfig,
+    admin: gateway_admin::AdminConfig,
+    api: gateway_api::ApiConfig,
+    openai: provider_openai::OpenAiConfig,
+    xai: provider_xai::XaiConfig,
+    #[serde(default, rename = "services")]
+    _compose_services: Option<serde::de::IgnoredAny>,
+}
+
+impl LoadableConfig for GatewayConfig {
+    fn resolve_and_validate(&mut self, source_dir: &std::path::Path) -> Result<(), ConfigError> {
+        if self.schema_version != CONFIG_SCHEMA_VERSION {
+            return Err(ConfigError::InvalidField("schema_version"));
+        }
+        self.host.resolve_and_validate(source_dir)?;
+        self.store
+            .resolve_and_validate(source_dir)
+            .map_err(|_| ConfigError::InvalidField("store"))?;
+        self.admin
+            .resolve_and_validate(source_dir)
+            .map_err(|_| ConfigError::InvalidField("admin"))?;
+        self.api
+            .resolve_and_validate(source_dir)
+            .map_err(|_| ConfigError::InvalidField("api"))?;
+        self.openai
+            .resolve_and_validate(source_dir)
+            .map_err(|_| ConfigError::InvalidField("openai"))?;
+        self.xai
+            .resolve_and_validate(source_dir)
+            .map_err(|_| ConfigError::InvalidField("xai"))?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 按冻结顺序初始化全部 Bundle，并把进程阻塞权交给 Host。
+pub async fn run() -> Result<(), BootstrapError> {
+    let config = gateway_host::load_config::<GatewayConfig>()?;
+    let GatewayConfig {
+        schema_version: _,
+        host,
+        store,
+        admin,
+        api,
+        openai,
+        xai,
+        _compose_services: _,
+    } = config;
+
+    let host = gateway_host::initialize(host).await?;
+    host.report_startup_ready("Host");
+    let mut store = gateway_store::initialize(store).await?;
+    host.report_startup_ready("Store");
+    let provider_ports = store.provider_ports();
+    let mut openai = provider_openai::initialize(openai, provider_ports.clone()).await?;
+    host.report_startup_ready("OpenAI Provider");
+    let mut xai = provider_xai::initialize(xai, provider_ports).await?;
+    host.report_startup_ready("xAI Provider");
+    let providers = ProviderRegistry::new([openai.core_provider(), xai.core_provider()])?;
+    let mut core = gateway_core::initialize(store.core_ports(), providers).await?;
+    host.report_startup_ready("Core");
+    let mut admin = gateway_admin::initialize(
+        admin,
+        store.admin_ports(),
+        vec![openai.admin_provider(), xai.admin_provider()],
+        core.snapshot_control(),
+        core.account_probe(),
+        host.system_operations(),
+    )
+    .await?;
+    host.report_startup_ready("Admin");
+
+    let mut probes = store.health_probes();
+    probes.extend(core.health_probes());
+    let api = gateway_api::initialize(
+        api,
+        core.execution_service(),
+        admin.services(),
+        probes,
+        host.worker_health(),
+        host.connection_lifecycle(),
+    )?;
+    host.report_startup_ready("API");
+
+    let mut plan = store.take_worker_contributions();
+    plan.extend(core.take_worker_contributions());
+    plan.extend(openai.take_worker_contributions());
+    plan.extend(xai.take_worker_contributions());
+    plan.extend(admin.take_worker_contributions());
+    host.start_workers(plan, store.worker_leader_lease())?;
+    host.report_startup_ready("Workers");
+    host.serve(api.router()).await?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// 组合根只保留包级错误分类，不展开内部实现或敏感配置。
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum BootstrapError {
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Config(#[from] gateway_host::ConfigError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Host(#[from] gateway_host::HostError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Store(#[from] gateway_store::StoreError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    OpenAi(#[from] provider_openai::OpenAiInitializeError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Xai(#[from] provider_xai::XaiInitializeError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Registry(#[from] RegistryError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Core(#[from] gateway_core::CoreError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Admin(#[from] gateway_admin::model::AdminError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Api(#[from] gateway_api::ApiError),
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+//! 网关进程组装根。
+
+pub mod bootstrap;
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+use std::{env, error::Error, io};
+
+use provider_openai::transport::tls::ensure_rustls_provider;
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    ensure_rustls_provider();
+    let mut arguments = env::args_os().skip(1);
+    match arguments.next().as_deref().and_then(|value| value.to_str()) {
+        None | Some("serve") => {
+            reject_extra_arguments(arguments)?;
+            runtime()?.block_on(codex_proxy_rs::bootstrap::run())?;
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        Some(command) => {
+            Err(invalid_cli(&format!("unknown command {command:?}; expected serve")).into())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn runtime() -> Result<tokio::runtime::Runtime, io::Error> {
+    tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread()
+        .enable_all()
+        .build()
+}
+
+fn reject_extra_arguments(mut arguments: impl Iterator) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
+    if arguments.next().is_some() {
+        return Err(invalid_cli("unexpected extra command arguments"));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn invalid_cli(message: &str) -> io::Error {
+    io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, message)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+//! docs/architecture.md 依赖 DAG 与生产源码纪律的 workspace 级机器校验。
+
+use std::{
+    fs,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+};
+
+/// workspace 成员冻结清单;新增 crate 必须同步扩展本文件的依赖规则。
+const WORKSPACE_MEMBERS: &[&str] = &[
+    "apps/gateway",
+    "crates/gateway-admin",
+    "crates/gateway-api",
+    "crates/gateway-core",
+    "crates/gateway-host",
+    "crates/gateway-protocol",
+    "crates/gateway-store",
+    "crates/providers/openai",
+    "crates/providers/xai",
+];
+
+#[test]
+fn workspace_member_list_matches_the_frozen_dag_scope() {
+    let manifest =
+        fs::read_to_string(backend_root().join("Cargo.toml")).expect("read workspace manifest");
+    for member in WORKSPACE_MEMBERS {
+        assert!(
+            manifest.contains(&format!("\"{member}\"")),
+            "workspace must include {member}"
+        );
+    }
+    let member_count = manifest
+        .lines()
+        .map(str::trim)
+        .filter(|line| line.starts_with("\"apps/") || line.starts_with("\"crates/"))
+        .count();
+    assert_eq!(
+        member_count,
+        WORKSPACE_MEMBERS.len(),
+        "new workspace members must extend the dependency DAG rules"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn gateway_core_depends_on_no_http_db_redis_or_provider_crate() {
+    assert_no_dependency(
+        "crates/gateway-core",
+        &[
+            "axum",
+            "hyper",
+            "reqwest",
+            "sqlx",
+            "redis",
+            "gateway-host",
+            "gateway-store",
+            "provider-openai",
+            "provider-xai",
+        ],
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn gateway_protocol_has_no_workspace_dependencies() {
+    for name in dependency_names("crates/gateway-protocol") {
+        assert!(
+            !name.starts_with("gateway-") && !name.starts_with("provider-"),
+            "gateway-protocol must not depend on workspace crate `{name}`"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn provider_crates_do_not_depend_on_each_other() {
+    assert_no_dependency("crates/providers/openai", &["provider-xai"]);
+    assert_no_dependency("crates/providers/xai", &["provider-openai"]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn gateway_admin_stays_free_of_infrastructure_dependencies() {
+    assert_no_dependency(
+        "crates/gateway-admin",
+        &["axum", "sqlx", "redis", "reqwest"],
+    );
+}
+
+/// workspace 包名到冻结成员路径的映射。
+const PACKAGE_TO_MEMBER: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "apps/gateway"),
+    ("gateway-admin", "crates/gateway-admin"),
+    ("gateway-api", "crates/gateway-api"),
+    ("gateway-core", "crates/gateway-core"),
+    ("gateway-host", "crates/gateway-host"),
+    ("gateway-protocol", "crates/gateway-protocol"),
+    ("gateway-store", "crates/gateway-store"),
+    ("provider-openai", "crates/providers/openai"),
+    ("provider-xai", "crates/providers/xai"),
+];
+
+/// 冻结的 workspace 内部运行时依赖边；新增/删除任何边都必须同步本表。
+const ALLOWED_INTERNAL_EDGES: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "gateway-admin"),
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "gateway-api"),
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "gateway-core"),
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "gateway-host"),
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "gateway-store"),
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "provider-openai"),
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "provider-xai"),
+    ("gateway-admin", "gateway-core"),
+    ("gateway-api", "gateway-admin"),
+    ("gateway-api", "gateway-core"),
+    ("gateway-api", "gateway-protocol"),
+    ("gateway-host", "gateway-admin"),
+    ("gateway-host", "gateway-core"),
+    ("gateway-store", "gateway-admin"),
+    ("gateway-store", "gateway-core"),
+    ("provider-openai", "gateway-admin"),
+    ("provider-openai", "gateway-core"),
+    ("provider-openai", "gateway-protocol"),
+    ("provider-xai", "gateway-admin"),
+    ("provider-xai", "gateway-core"),
+    ("provider-xai", "gateway-protocol"),
+];
+
+#[test]
+fn workspace_internal_dependency_edges_match_frozen_dag() {
+    let metadata = cargo_metadata_json();
+    let packages = metadata["packages"]
+        .as_array()
+        .expect("cargo metadata packages");
+    let internal_names: std::collections::BTreeSet<&str> =
+        PACKAGE_TO_MEMBER.iter().map(|(name, _)| *name).collect();
+
+    let mut actual: Vec<(String, String)> = Vec::new();
+    for package in packages {
+        let name = package["name"].as_str().expect("package name");
+        if !internal_names.contains(name) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for dependency in package["dependencies"].as_array().into_iter().flatten() {
+            let dep_name = dependency["name"].as_str().expect("dependency name");
+            if !internal_names.contains(dep_name) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let is_runtime_edge = dependency["dep_kinds"]
+                .as_array()
+                .map(|kinds| {
+                    kinds
+                        .iter()
+                        .any(|kind| kind["kind"].as_str() == Some("normal"))
+                })
+                .unwrap_or(true);
+            if is_runtime_edge {
+                actual.push((name.to_owned(), dep_name.to_owned()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut expected: Vec<(String, String)> = ALLOWED_INTERNAL_EDGES
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(from, to)| ((*from).to_owned(), (*to).to_owned()))
+        .collect();
+    actual.sort();
+    expected.sort();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        actual, expected,
+        "workspace internal dependency edges diverged from the frozen DAG"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn production_sources_do_not_host_tests() {
+    for member in WORKSPACE_MEMBERS {
+        let src = backend_root().join(member).join("src");
+        let sources = super::rust_files(&src);
+        assert!(!sources.is_empty(), "{member} has no production sources");
+        for relative in sources {
+            let path = src.join(relative);
+            let source = fs::read_to_string(&path).expect("read production source");
+            assert!(
+                !source.contains("#[cfg(test)]"),
+                "{} hosts tests in production src",
+                path.display()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn backend_root() -> PathBuf {
+    Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+        .join("../..")
+        .canonicalize()
+        .expect("backend workspace root")
+}
+
+fn cargo_metadata_json() -> serde_json::Value {
+    let output = std::process::Command::new("cargo")
+        .args(["metadata", "--format-version", "1", "--no-deps"])
+        .current_dir(backend_root())
+        .output()
+        .expect("run cargo metadata");
+    assert!(
+        output.status.success(),
+        "cargo metadata failed: {}",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
+    );
+    serde_json::from_slice(&output.stdout).expect("parse cargo metadata")
+}
+
+/// 提取成员 `[dependencies]` 段内声明的依赖名;段落以下一个 `[` 表头结束。
+fn dependency_names(member: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    let manifest = fs::read_to_string(backend_root().join(member).join("Cargo.toml"))
+        .expect("read member manifest");
+    let mut in_dependencies = false;
+    let mut names = Vec::new();
+    for line in manifest.lines() {
+        let line = line.trim();
+        if line.starts_with('[') {
+            in_dependencies = line == "[dependencies]";
+            continue;
+        }
+        if !in_dependencies || line.is_empty() || line.starts_with('#') {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if let Some((name, _)) = line.split_once('=') {
+            names.push(name.trim().to_owned());
+        }
+    }
+    names
+}
+
+fn assert_no_dependency(member: &str, forbidden: &[&str]) {
+    for name in dependency_names(member) {
+        assert!(
+            !forbidden.contains(&name.as_str()),
+            "{member} must not depend on `{name}`"
+        );
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+use std::{fs, process::Command};
+
+use codex_proxy_rs::bootstrap::GatewayConfig;
+use gateway_host::LoadableConfig;
+
+const CONFIG_EXAMPLE: &str = include_str!("../../../../deploy/config.example.yaml");
+const POSTGRES_PASSWORD: &str = "111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111";
+const REDIS_PASSWORD: &str = "222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222";
+const ADMIN_PASSWORD: &str = "test-admin-password";
+const TOPOLOGY_CHILD_ENV: &str = "CPR_TEST_TOPOLOGY_CHILD";
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_load_complete_terminal_example() {
+    parse_config(&valid_config()).expect("terminal config example");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_resolve_paths_relative_to_config_file() {
+    let (config, _directory) = parse_config(&valid_config()).expect("resolved config");
+    let debug = format!("{config:?}");
+    assert!(debug.contains(".runtime/logs"));
+    assert!(debug.contains("frontend/dist"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_inject_connection_passwords_into_urls() {
+    parse_config(&valid_config()).expect("Store validates password injection into both URLs");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_apply_only_explicit_topology_overrides() {
+    let invalid = valid_config()
+        .replace("host: '127.0.0.1'", "host: ''")
+        .replace("port: 8080", "port: 0")
+        .replace(
+            "url: 'postgres://codex_proxy@127.0.0.1:5432/codex_proxy'",
+            "url: 'invalid-postgres-url'",
+        )
+        .replace("url: 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/'", "url: 'invalid-redis-url'")
+        .replace(POSTGRES_PASSWORD, "invalid-postgres-password")
+        .replace(REDIS_PASSWORD, "invalid-redis-password");
+    if std::env::var_os(TOPOLOGY_CHILD_ENV).is_some() {
+        parse_config(&invalid).expect("explicit package-owned environment overrides");
+        return;
+    }
+    assert!(parse_config(&invalid).is_err());
+    let status = Command::new(std::env::current_exe().expect("current test executable"))
+        .args([
+            "--exact",
+            "bootstrap::config_loader_should_apply_only_explicit_topology_overrides",
+        ])
+        .env(TOPOLOGY_CHILD_ENV, "1")
+        .env("CPR_SERVER_HOST", "127.0.0.1")
+        .env("CPR_SERVER_PORT", "8080")
+        .env(
+            "CPR_DATABASE_URL",
+            "postgres://codex_proxy@127.0.0.1:5432/codex_proxy",
+        )
+        .env("CPR_REDIS_URL", "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/")
+        .env("CPR_DATABASE_PASSWORD", POSTGRES_PASSWORD)
+        .env("CPR_REDIS_PASSWORD", REDIS_PASSWORD)
+        .status()
+        .expect("run isolated environment override test");
+    assert!(status.success());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn bootstrap_config_debug_should_redact_all_passwords() {
+    let (config, _directory) = parse_config(&valid_config()).expect("config");
+    let debug = format!("{config:?}");
+    assert!(!debug.contains(POSTGRES_PASSWORD));
+    assert!(!debug.contains(REDIS_PASSWORD));
+    assert!(!debug.contains(ADMIN_PASSWORD));
+    assert!(debug.contains("[REDACTED]"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_reject_unknown_fields() {
+    assert_rejected(format!(
+        "{}\nunknown_terminal_field: true\n",
+        valid_config()
+    ));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_reject_removed_tls_section() {
+    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace("openai:\n", "openai:\n  tls: {}\n"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_reject_missing_explicit_fields() {
+    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace("  request_id_header: 'x-request-id'\n", ""));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_reject_unsupported_schema_version() {
+    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace("schema_version: 1", "schema_version: 2"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_reject_embedded_database_password() {
+    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace(
+        "postgres://codex_proxy@127.0.0.1:5432/codex_proxy",
+        "postgres://codex_proxy:embedded@127.0.0.1:5432/codex_proxy",
+    ));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_reject_non_hex_postgres_password() {
+    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace(POSTGRES_PASSWORD, &"g".repeat(48)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_reject_wrong_length_redis_password() {
+    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace(REDIS_PASSWORD, "1234"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_reject_weak_admin_password() {
+    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace(ADMIN_PASSWORD, "password"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_reject_admin_password_with_compose_interpolation() {
+    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace(ADMIN_PASSWORD, "unsafe$password"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_reject_removed_fingerprint_section() {
+    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace(
+        "openai:\n",
+        "openai:\n  fingerprint:\n    browser: removed\n",
+    ));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_reject_invalid_codex_cli_version() {
+    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace("codex_version: '0.146.0'", "codex_version: 'latest'"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_reject_disabled_all_log_outputs() {
+    assert_rejected(
+        valid_config()
+            .replace("stdout: true", "stdout: false")
+            .replace("enabled: true", "enabled: false"),
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_reject_zero_server_port() {
+    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace("port: 8080", "port: 0"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_loader_should_reject_invalid_desktop_profile_fields() {
+    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace("desktop_build: '6119'", "desktop_build: 'build'"));
+}
+
+fn assert_rejected(config: String) {
+    assert!(parse_config(&config).is_err());
+}
+
+fn valid_config() -> String {
+    CONFIG_EXAMPLE
+        .replacen(
+            "password: &postgres_password ''",
+            &format!("password: &postgres_password '{POSTGRES_PASSWORD}'"),
+            1,
+        )
+        .replacen(
+            "password: &redis_password ''",
+            &format!("password: &redis_password '{REDIS_PASSWORD}'"),
+            1,
+        )
+        .replace(
+            "default_password: ''",
+            &format!("default_password: '{ADMIN_PASSWORD}'"),
+        )
+}
+
+fn parse_config(config: &str) -> Result<(GatewayConfig, tempfile::TempDir), String> {
+    let directory = tempfile::tempdir().map_err(|error| error.to_string())?;
+    let deploy = directory.path().join("deploy");
+    fs::create_dir(&deploy).map_err(|error| error.to_string())?;
+    let path = deploy.join("config.yaml");
+    fs::write(&path, config).map_err(|error| error.to_string())?;
+    let mut config = config::Config::builder()
+        .add_source(config::File::from(path).required(true))
+        .build()
+        .and_then(config::Config::try_deserialize::<GatewayConfig>)
+        .map_err(|error| error.to_string())?;
+    config
+        .resolve_and_validate(&deploy)
+        .map_err(|error| error.to_string())?;
+    Ok((config, directory))
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+mod architecture;
+mod bootstrap;
+
+use std::{
+    collections::BTreeSet,
+    fs,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+};
+
+use syn::{Attribute, Item, Meta};
+
+#[test]
+fn app_tree_matches_frozen_terminal_manifest() {
+    let root = Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+    assert_eq!(
+        rust_files(&root.join("src")),
+        BTreeSet::from([
+            PathBuf::from("bootstrap.rs"),
+            PathBuf::from("lib.rs"),
+            PathBuf::from("main.rs"),
+        ]),
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        rust_files(&root.join("tests")),
+        BTreeSet::from([
+            PathBuf::from("architecture.rs"),
+            PathBuf::from("bootstrap.rs"),
+            PathBuf::from("main.rs"),
+        ]),
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn cargo_library_root_is_conventional_lib() {
+    let manifest = fs::read_to_string(Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("Cargo.toml"))
+        .expect("read app Cargo.toml");
+    assert!(!manifest.contains("[lib]"));
+    assert!(
+        Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+            .join("src/lib.rs")
+            .is_file()
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn production_files_have_no_hidden_modules_or_test_hooks() {
+    let root = Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("src");
+    for relative in ["bootstrap.rs", "lib.rs", "main.rs"] {
+        let path = root.join(relative);
+        let source = fs::read_to_string(&path).expect("read production source");
+        assert!(
+            !source.contains("include!("),
+            "{} uses include!",
+            path.display()
+        );
+        let syntax = syn::parse_file(&source).expect("parse production source");
+        for item in &syntax.items {
+            if let Item::Mod(module) = item {
+                assert!(
+                    module.content.is_none(),
+                    "{} has an inline module",
+                    path.display()
+                );
+            }
+            for attribute in item_attrs(item) {
+                assert!(
+                    !is_path_or_test_cfg(attribute),
+                    "{} has a production test/path hook",
+                    path.display(),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn bootstrap_owns_only_bundle_wiring() {
+    let root = Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("src");
+    let bootstrap = fs::read_to_string(root.join("bootstrap.rs")).expect("read bootstrap");
+    for forbidden in [
+        "sqlx::",
+        "redis::",
+        "Repository",
+        "impl Provider",
+        "impl ExecutionService",
+        "tokio::spawn",
+        "access_token",
+        "refresh_token",
+    ] {
+        assert!(
+            !bootstrap.contains(forbidden),
+            "bootstrap owns `{forbidden}`"
+        );
+    }
+    assert!(bootstrap.lines().count() <= 300);
+}
+
+fn rust_files(root: &Path) -> BTreeSet<PathBuf> {
+    let mut result = BTreeSet::new();
+    collect_rust_files(root, root, &mut result);
+    result
+}
+
+fn collect_rust_files(root: &Path, current: &Path, result: &mut BTreeSet<PathBuf>) {
+    for entry in fs::read_dir(current).expect("read app tree") {
+        let path = entry.expect("read app tree entry").path();
+        if path.is_dir() {
+            collect_rust_files(root, &path, result);
+        } else if path.extension().is_some_and(|extension| extension == "rs") {
+            result.insert(
+                path.strip_prefix(root)
+                    .expect("relative app path")
+                    .to_path_buf(),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_path_or_test_cfg(attribute: &Attribute) -> bool {
+    if attribute.path().is_ident("path") {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if !attribute.path().is_ident("cfg") && !attribute.path().is_ident("cfg_attr") {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let Meta::List(list) = &attribute.meta else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    list.tokens
+        .to_string()
+        .split(|character: char| !character.is_ascii_alphanumeric() && character != '_')
+        .any(|segment| segment == "test" || segment.starts_with("test_"))
+}
+
+fn item_attrs(item: &Item) -> &[Attribute] {
+    match item {
+        Item::Const(item) => &item.attrs,
+        Item::Enum(item) => &item.attrs,
+        Item::ExternCrate(item) => &item.attrs,
+        Item::Fn(item) => &item.attrs,
+        Item::ForeignMod(item) => &item.attrs,
+        Item::Impl(item) => &item.attrs,
+        Item::Macro(item) => &item.attrs,
+        Item::Mod(item) => &item.attrs,
+        Item::Static(item) => &item.attrs,
+        Item::Struct(item) => &item.attrs,
+        Item::Trait(item) => &item.attrs,
+        Item::TraitAlias(item) => &item.attrs,
+        Item::Type(item) => &item.attrs,
+        Item::Union(item) => &item.attrs,
+        Item::Use(item) => &item.attrs,
+        _ => &[],
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+[package]
+name = "gateway-admin"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+publish.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+autotests = false
+
+[[test]]
+name = "main"
+path = "tests/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+argon2 = "0.5.3"
+async-trait = "0.1.89"
+base64 = "0.23.0"
+chrono = "0.4.45"
+futures = "0.3.32"
+gateway-core = { path = "../gateway-core" }
+hex = "0.4.3"
+rand_core = { version = "0.6.4", features = ["getrandom"] }
+serde = { version = "1.0.228", features = ["derive"] }
+secrecy = { version = "0.10.3", features = ["serde"] }
+subtle = "2.6.1"
+thiserror = "2.0.18"
+tracing = "0.1.44"
+uuid = { version = "1.23.3", features = ["v7"] }
+cron = "0.17"
+chrono-tz = "0.10"
+tokio = { version = "1.52", features = ["rt", "time", "macros"] }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+serde_json = { version = "1.0.150", features = ["arbitrary_precision", "preserve_order"] }
+sha2 = "0.11"
+tempfile = "3"
+tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["macros", "rt"] }
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+//! 备份纯策略与 Worker 任务。
+
+pub mod policy;
+pub mod task;
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+//! 备份纯策略：Cron 推进与保留候选。
+//!
+//! 本模块不持有任何端口或对象，是 `BackupService` 与 `BackupTask` 共用的纯函数集。
+
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, TimeZone as _, Utc};
+use chrono_tz::Tz;
+use cron::Schedule;
+
+use crate::model::backup::{BackupError, BackupRecord, BackupStatus, code};
+
+/// 向历史回溯的最大范围（分钟）。覆盖 Feb 29 + 特定星期等罕见组合的最长间隔。
+const MAX_BACKDATE_MINUTES: i64 = 40 * 366 * 24 * 60;
+
+/// 已解析并校验的备份计划。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct BackupSchedule {
+    schedule: Schedule,
+    timezone: Tz,
+}
+
+impl BackupSchedule {
+    /// 解析并校验 5 段 Cron 与 IANA 时区。
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Cron 非法或时区不是 IANA 名称时返回 [`BackupError`]。
+    pub fn parse(cron_expression: &str, schedule_timezone: &str) -> Result<Self, BackupError> {
+        let expression = format!("0 {cron_expression}");
+        let schedule = Schedule::from_str(&expression).map_err(|_| {
+            BackupError::new(code::INVALID_CRON, "Cron 表达式必须是 5 段格式".to_owned())
+        })?;
+        let timezone = schedule_timezone.parse::<Tz>().map_err(|_| {
+            BackupError::new(code::INVALID_TIMEZONE, "时区必须是 IANA 名称".to_owned())
+        })?;
+        Ok(Self { schedule, timezone })
+    }
+
+    /// 返回最接近 `at`（含 `at` 所在分钟）的最近一次触发时间。
+    ///
+    /// 若过去 `MAX_BACKDATE_MINUTES` 内没有任何触发（极罕见的稀疏计划或超长停机），
+    /// 返回 `None`，调用方不应为历史点补任务。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn last_firing_at_or_before(&self, at: DateTime<Utc>) -> Option<DateTime<Utc>> {
+        let high_min = at.timestamp().div_euclid(60);
+        let low_min = high_min.saturating_sub(MAX_BACKDATE_MINUTES);
+
+        // 检查窗口内是否存在触发；不存在则直接返回 None。
+        let low_instant = instant(low_min, self.timezone)?;
+        if self
+            .schedule
+            .after(&low_instant)
+            .next()
+            .is_none_or(|firing| firing.timestamp() > high_min * 60 + 59)
+        {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        // 二分查找最小的 u（分钟）使 after(u) > high；prev = after(u - 1 分钟)。
+        let mut lo = low_min;
+        let mut hi = high_min;
+        while lo < hi {
+            let mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
+            if self
+                .firing_after(mid)
+                .is_some_and(|firing| firing > high_min)
+            {
+                hi = mid;
+            } else {
+                lo = mid + 1;
+            }
+        }
+        self.firing_after(lo - 1)
+            .filter(|&firing| firing <= high_min)
+            .and_then(|firing| Utc.timestamp_opt(firing * 60, 0).single())
+    }
+
+    /// 返回第一个严格晚于 `at` 的触发时间。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn next_after(&self, at: DateTime<Utc>) -> Option<DateTime<Utc>> {
+        let local = at.with_timezone(&self.timezone);
+        self.schedule
+            .after(&local)
+            .next()
+            .map(|firing| firing.with_timezone(&Utc))
+    }
+
+    /// `after(u 分钟)` 返回的第一个触发时间（分钟索引），用于二分搜索。
+    fn firing_after(&self, minute_index: i64) -> Option<i64> {
+        let instant = instant(minute_index, self.timezone)?;
+        self.schedule
+            .after(&instant)
+            .next()
+            .map(|firing| firing.timestamp().div_euclid(60))
+    }
+}
+
+/// 构造指定分钟索引（UTC epoch 分钟）在目标时区下的 `DateTime`。
+fn instant(minute_index: i64, timezone: Tz) -> Option<DateTime<Tz>> {
+    timezone.timestamp_opt(minute_index * 60, 0).single()
+}
+
+/// 一条记录被纳入删除流程的原因。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum RetentionReason {
+    /// 超过 `retention_days`。
+    Days,
+    /// 超过 `retention_count`。
+    Count,
+}
+
+/// 保留决策。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct RetentionDecision {
+    pub record_id: String,
+    pub reason: RetentionReason,
+}
+
+/// 从按完成时间倒序的 completed 计划备份中决定纳入删除流程的记录。
+///
+/// 规则（`docs/s3-backup-design-audit.md` §4.4）：
+/// - `retentionDays = 0` 时不按天数清理；`retentionCount = 0` 时不按份数清理。
+/// - 自动计划备份满足任一启用阈值即可进入删除。
+/// - 无论阈值如何，至少保留最近一个成功的计划备份（倒序下标 0）。
+/// - 手动备份不受自动阈值影响；无 TTL，仅由管理员手动删除。
+#[must_use]
+pub fn decide_retention(
+    retention_days: u32,
+    retention_count: u32,
+    now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    scheduled_completed_desc: &[BackupRecord],
+) -> Vec<RetentionDecision> {
+    let mut decisions = Vec::new();
+    for (index, record) in scheduled_completed_desc.iter().enumerate() {
+        if record.status != BackupStatus::Completed {
+            continue;
+        }
+        // 最近一个成功的计划备份永远保留。
+        if index == 0 {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let expired_by_days = retention_days > 0
+            && record.completed_at.is_some_and(|completed_at| {
+                completed_at <= now - Duration::days(i64::from(retention_days))
+            });
+        let exceeded_count =
+            retention_count > 0 && index >= usize::try_from(retention_count).unwrap_or(usize::MAX);
+        if expired_by_days || exceeded_count {
+            decisions.push(RetentionDecision {
+                record_id: record.id.clone(),
+                reason: if expired_by_days {
+                    RetentionReason::Days
+                } else {
+                    RetentionReason::Count
+                },
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    decisions
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,648 @@
+//! Backup Worker 贡献：单个可取消 `DaemonTask` 承担调度、执行、删除收敛与保留清理。
+//!
+//! 当前部署边界是单副本，因此不需要 Redis lease、fencing token 或 heartbeat。长时间
+//! `pg_dump` 与上传由本 Daemon 自身持有；Host 只负责 panic 后重启、健康与关闭。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use futures::future::BoxFuture;
+use gateway_core::{
+    engine::CancellationToken,
+    task::{DaemonTask, WorkerTaskError},
+};
+use tracing::{info, warn};
+
+use crate::{
+    model::backup::{
+        BackupError, BackupObjectMetadata, BackupRecord, BackupStatus, BackupStorageConfig,
+        BackupTriggerKind, build_backup_seed, code,
+    },
+    ports::backup::{
+        BackupObjectStorePort, BackupRepository, DatabaseDumpPort, DumpRequest,
+        StatusTransitionUpdate, UploadObjectRequest,
+    },
+};
+
+impl From<BackupError> for WorkerTaskError {
+    fn from(error: BackupError) -> Self {
+        WorkerTaskError::safe(error.message())
+    }
+}
+
+use super::policy::{BackupSchedule, decide_retention};
+
+/// 循环间隔：管理员修改 Cron 后该时长内生效；无工作时可取消等待。
+const BACKUP_LOOP_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
+/// 每个循环最多执行的保留删除数量。
+const RETENTION_BATCH_SIZE: usize = 10;
+/// 保留扫描一次读取的 completed 计划备份上限。
+const RETENTION_SCAN_LIMIT: u32 = 1000;
+/// 每个循环最多完成的待删除记录数量。
+const PENDING_DELETION_BATCH: u32 = 20;
+
+/// 备份 Daemon 任务。
+pub struct BackupTask {
+    repository: Arc<dyn BackupRepository>,
+    dump: Arc<dyn DatabaseDumpPort>,
+    object_store: Arc<dyn BackupObjectStorePort>,
+}
+
+impl BackupTask {
+    /// 组合仓储、导出器与对象存储适配器。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        repository: Arc<dyn BackupRepository>,
+        dump: Arc<dyn DatabaseDumpPort>,
+        object_store: Arc<dyn BackupObjectStorePort>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            repository,
+            dump,
+            object_store,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DaemonTask for BackupTask {
+    fn run(&self, cancellation: CancellationToken) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<(), WorkerTaskError>> {
+        Box::pin(async move { self.run_daemon(cancellation).await })
+    }
+}
+
+impl BackupTask {
+    async fn run_daemon(&self, cancellation: CancellationToken) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        loop {
+            if cancellation.is_cancelled() {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            self.run_cycle(&cancellation).await?;
+
+            tokio::select! {
+                _ = cancellation.cancelled() => return Ok(()),
+                _ = tokio::time::sleep(BACKUP_LOOP_INTERVAL) => {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 执行一个周期：推进计划、恢复中间态、删除收敛、领取执行一个任务、保留清理。
+    ///
+    /// 对外暴露以便集成测试逐周期驱动；daemon 循环内部复用。
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// 仓储或基础设施不可用、任务执行失败时返回 [`WorkerTaskError`]。
+    pub async fn run_cycle(&self, cancellation: &CancellationToken) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        if cancellation.is_cancelled() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        self.advance_schedule(Utc::now()).await?;
+        self.recover_intermediate(cancellation).await?;
+        self.finish_pending_deletions().await?;
+        self.process_next_task(cancellation).await?;
+        self.run_retention_batch(Utc::now()).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 推进到期计划并幂等插入 scheduled 任务。
+    async fn advance_schedule(&self, now: DateTime<Utc>) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let settings = self.repository.load_settings().await.map_err(repo_error)?;
+        if !settings.schedule_enabled {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let cron = settings.cron_expression.as_deref().unwrap_or_default();
+        let timezone = settings.schedule_timezone.as_deref().unwrap_or_default();
+        if cron.is_empty() || timezone.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let schedule = BackupSchedule::parse(cron, timezone)
+            .map_err(|_| WorkerTaskError::safe("backup schedule is invalid"))?;
+
+        let due = match settings.next_run_at {
+            Some(next_run_at) if next_run_at <= now => true,
+            Some(_) => false,
+            None => {
+                // 刚启用计划但尚无游标：直接初始化。
+                if let Some(next_run_at) = schedule.next_after(now) {
+                    let _ = self
+                        .repository
+                        .advance_schedule_cursor(next_run_at, cron, timezone)
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(repo_error)?;
+                }
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        };
+        if !due {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let scheduled_at = match schedule.last_firing_at_or_before(now) {
+            Some(scheduled_at) => scheduled_at,
+            None => {
+                // 无法从计划推导最近到期时间：推进游标避免反复触发。
+                if let Some(next_run_at) = schedule.next_after(now) {
+                    let _ = self
+                        .repository
+                        .advance_schedule_cursor(next_run_at, cron, timezone)
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(repo_error)?;
+                }
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        };
+        let prefix = settings.prefix.as_deref().unwrap_or_default();
+        let expires_at = if settings.retention_days > 0 {
+            Some(now + chrono::Duration::days(i64::from(settings.retention_days)))
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+        let seed = build_backup_seed(
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            Some(scheduled_at),
+            prefix,
+            now,
+            expires_at,
+        )
+        .map_err(infra_error)?;
+        let inserted = self
+            .repository
+            .insert_scheduled_record(seed)
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        if inserted {
+            info!(scheduled_at = %scheduled_at, "计划备份任务已创建");
+        } else {
+            warn!(scheduled_at = %scheduled_at, "计划时间点冲突，跳过并推进游标");
+        }
+        if let Some(next_run_at) = schedule.next_after(now) {
+            let _ = self
+                .repository
+                .advance_schedule_cursor(next_run_at, cron, timezone)
+                .await
+                .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 恢复中间状态（dumping/uploading/deleting）。
+    async fn recover_intermediate(
+        &self,
+        cancellation: &CancellationToken,
+    ) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let records = self
+            .repository
+            .list_intermediate_records()
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        for record in records {
+            match record.status {
+                BackupStatus::Dumping => self.recover_dumping(&record, cancellation).await?,
+                BackupStatus::Uploading => self.recover_uploading(&record, cancellation).await?,
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// dumping：有完整暂存则继续上传，否则清理暂存并标记失败。
+    async fn recover_dumping(
+        &self,
+        record: &BackupRecord,
+        cancellation: &CancellationToken,
+    ) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        match self.dump.inspect_staging(&record.id).await? {
+            Some(artifact) => {
+                let now = Utc::now();
+                let update = StatusTransitionUpdate {
+                    size_bytes: Some(artifact.size_bytes),
+                    sha256: Some(artifact.sha256.clone()),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                };
+                let Some(uploading_record) = self
+                    .repository
+                    .transition_status(
+                        &record.id,
+                        BackupStatus::Dumping,
+                        BackupStatus::Uploading,
+                        update,
+                        now,
+                    )
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(repo_error)?
+                else {
+                    return Ok(());
+                };
+                self.upload_and_verify(
+                    &uploading_record,
+                    &artifact.path,
+                    artifact.size_bytes,
+                    &artifact.sha256,
+                    now,
+                    cancellation,
+                )
+                .await?;
+            }
+            None => {
+                let _ = self.dump.cleanup_staging(&record.id).await;
+                self.fail_task(record, code::PG_DUMP_FAILED, "导出进程中断，暂存归档不完整")
+                    .await?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// uploading：远端匹配则补记完成，有完整暂存则重试上传，否则失败。
+    async fn recover_uploading(
+        &self,
+        record: &BackupRecord,
+        cancellation: &CancellationToken,
+    ) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let settings = self.repository.load_settings().await.map_err(repo_error)?;
+        let Some(config) = BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings) else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        if let Some(remote) = self
+            .object_store
+            .head_object(&config, &record.object_key)
+            .await?
+            && record.size_bytes == Some(remote.size_bytes)
+            && record.sha256.as_deref() == Some(remote.sha256.as_str())
+        {
+            let now = Utc::now();
+            self.repository
+                .transition_status(
+                    &record.id,
+                    BackupStatus::Uploading,
+                    BackupStatus::Completed,
+                    StatusTransitionUpdate::default(),
+                    now,
+                )
+                .await
+                .map_err(repo_error)?;
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        match self.dump.inspect_staging(&record.id).await? {
+            Some(artifact) => {
+                self.upload_and_verify(
+                    record,
+                    &artifact.path,
+                    artifact.size_bytes,
+                    &artifact.sha256,
+                    Utc::now(),
+                    cancellation,
+                )
+                .await
+            }
+            None => {
+                self.fail_task(
+                    record,
+                    code::S3_UPLOAD_FAILED,
+                    "远端对象缺失且本地无完整暂存",
+                )
+                .await
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 完成待删除记录（deleting → DeleteObject → 硬删除）。
+    async fn finish_pending_deletions(&self) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let settings = self.repository.load_settings().await.map_err(repo_error)?;
+        let Some(config) = BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings) else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        let records = self
+            .repository
+            .list_pending_deletions(PENDING_DELETION_BATCH)
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        for record in records {
+            if self
+                .object_store
+                .delete_object(&config, &record.object_key)
+                .await
+                .is_ok()
+            {
+                self.repository
+                    .delete_record(&record.id)
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(repo_error)?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 领取一个 queued 任务并执行导出、上传与远端校验。
+    async fn process_next_task(
+        &self,
+        cancellation: &CancellationToken,
+    ) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        let Some(record) = self
+            .repository
+            .claim_next_queued(now)
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?
+        else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        info!(
+            backup_id = %record.id,
+            attempt = record.attempt_count,
+            "领取备份任务"
+        );
+        if let Err(error) = self.execute_task(&record, cancellation).await {
+            warn!(backup_id = %record.id, error = %error, "备份任务执行失败");
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 执行单个任务；内部处理全部状态迁移。
+    async fn execute_task(
+        &self,
+        record: &BackupRecord,
+        cancellation: &CancellationToken,
+    ) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let settings = self.repository.load_settings().await.map_err(repo_error)?;
+        if BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings).is_none() {
+            return self
+                .fail_task(record, code::INVALID_CONFIG, "备份存储配置不完整")
+                .await;
+        }
+        if !settings.storage_verified() {
+            return self
+                .fail_task(record, code::INVALID_CONFIG, "备份存储配置尚未通过连接测试")
+                .await;
+        }
+
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        let artifact = match self
+            .dump
+            .dump(DumpRequest {
+                backup_id: record.id.clone(),
+                cancellation: cancellation.clone(),
+            })
+            .await
+        {
+            Ok(artifact) => artifact,
+            Err(error) => {
+                let (error_code, message) = classify_dump_error(error);
+                return self.fail_task(record, error_code, message).await;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // dumping → uploading，持久化 size/sha256。
+        let update = StatusTransitionUpdate {
+            size_bytes: Some(artifact.size_bytes),
+            sha256: Some(artifact.sha256.clone()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let Some(uploading_record) = self
+            .repository
+            .transition_status(
+                &record.id,
+                BackupStatus::Dumping,
+                BackupStatus::Uploading,
+                update,
+                now,
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?
+        else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+
+        self.upload_and_verify(
+            &uploading_record,
+            &artifact.path,
+            artifact.size_bytes,
+            &artifact.sha256,
+            now,
+            cancellation,
+        )
+        .await?;
+        let _ = self.dump.cleanup_staging(&record.id).await;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 上传 + 远端校验，内部完成终态迁移。
+    async fn upload_and_verify(
+        &self,
+        record: &BackupRecord,
+        source: &std::path::Path,
+        size_bytes: u64,
+        sha256: &str,
+        now: DateTime<Utc>,
+        cancellation: &CancellationToken,
+    ) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let settings = self.repository.load_settings().await.map_err(repo_error)?;
+        let Some(config) = BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings) else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        let store = self.object_store.clone();
+        let metadata =
+            BackupObjectMetadata::new(record.id.clone(), sha256.to_owned(), now, size_bytes);
+        if let Err(error) = store
+            .upload_file(
+                &config,
+                UploadObjectRequest {
+                    object_key: record.object_key.clone(),
+                    source: source.to_path_buf(),
+                    metadata,
+                    cancellation: cancellation.clone(),
+                },
+            )
+            .await
+        {
+            let _ = store.delete_object(&config, &record.object_key).await;
+            self.fail_task(
+                record,
+                error.code(),
+                format!("上传到对象存储失败：{}", error.message()),
+            )
+            .await?;
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        match store.head_object(&config, &record.object_key).await {
+            Ok(Some(remote)) if remote.size_bytes == size_bytes && remote.sha256 == sha256 => {
+                if self
+                    .repository
+                    .transition_status(
+                        &record.id,
+                        BackupStatus::Uploading,
+                        BackupStatus::Completed,
+                        StatusTransitionUpdate::default(),
+                        Utc::now(),
+                    )
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(repo_error)?
+                    .is_some()
+                {
+                    info!(
+                        backup_id = %record.id,
+                        size_bytes,
+                        "备份完成"
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(Some(remote)) => {
+                let size_matches = remote.size_bytes == size_bytes;
+                let sha256_matches = remote.sha256 == sha256;
+                warn!(
+                    backup_id = %record.id,
+                    expected_size_bytes = size_bytes,
+                    remote_size_bytes = remote.size_bytes,
+                    sha256_matches,
+                    "备份远端对象校验不一致"
+                );
+                let _ = store.delete_object(&config, &record.object_key).await;
+                self.fail_task(
+                    record,
+                    code::REMOTE_VERIFICATION_FAILED,
+                    match (size_matches, sha256_matches) {
+                        (false, true) => "远端对象大小不一致",
+                        (true, false) => "远端对象 sha256 校验值不一致",
+                        (false, false) => "远端对象大小和 sha256 校验值均不一致",
+                        (true, true) => "远端对象校验状态异常",
+                    },
+                )
+                .await?;
+            }
+            Ok(None) => {
+                warn!(backup_id = %record.id, "上传完成后未找到远端对象");
+                self.fail_task(
+                    record,
+                    code::REMOTE_VERIFICATION_FAILED,
+                    "上传完成后未找到远端对象",
+                )
+                .await?;
+            }
+            Err(error) => {
+                let _ = store.delete_object(&config, &record.object_key).await;
+                self.fail_task(
+                    record,
+                    error.code(),
+                    format!("远端对象校验失败：{}", error.message()),
+                )
+                .await?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 把活跃任务写入失败终态并清理暂存。
+    async fn fail_task(
+        &self,
+        record: &BackupRecord,
+        error_code: &'static str,
+        message: impl Into<String>,
+    ) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let message = message.into();
+        warn!(
+            backup_id = %record.id,
+            error_code,
+            error_message = %message,
+            "备份任务失败"
+        );
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        let update = StatusTransitionUpdate {
+            error_code: Some(error_code.to_string()),
+            error_message: Some(message),
+            completed_at: Some(now),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let _ = self
+            .repository
+            .transition_status(&record.id, record.status, BackupStatus::Failed, update, now)
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        let _ = self.dump.cleanup_staging(&record.id).await;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 执行一小批到期保留清理：先处理 `expires_at` 已到期的记录，再按天数/份数清理计划备份。
+    async fn run_retention_batch(&self, now: DateTime<Utc>) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let settings = self.repository.load_settings().await.map_err(repo_error)?;
+
+        // 1. expires_at 已到期的记录（手动或计划）无条件进入删除。
+        let expired = self
+            .repository
+            .list_expired_records(RETENTION_BATCH_SIZE as u32)
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        for record in expired {
+            let Some(record) = self
+                .repository
+                .transition_to_deleting(&record.id, now)
+                .await
+                .map_err(repo_error)?
+            else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            self.finalize_deletion(&record).await?;
+        }
+
+        // 2. 计划备份按 retentionDays / retentionCount 清理。
+        let records = self
+            .repository
+            .list_scheduled_completed_desc(RETENTION_SCAN_LIMIT)
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        let decisions = decide_retention(
+            settings.retention_days,
+            settings.retention_count,
+            now,
+            &records,
+        );
+        for decision in decisions.into_iter().take(RETENTION_BATCH_SIZE) {
+            let Some(record) = self
+                .repository
+                .transition_to_deleting(&decision.record_id, now)
+                .await
+                .map_err(repo_error)?
+            else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            self.finalize_deletion(&record).await?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 对已进入 deleting 的记录执行对象删除并硬删除记录行。
+    async fn finalize_deletion(&self, record: &BackupRecord) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let settings = self.repository.load_settings().await.map_err(repo_error)?;
+        let Some(config) = BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings) else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        if self
+            .object_store
+            .delete_object(&config, &record.object_key)
+            .await
+            .is_ok()
+        {
+            self.repository
+                .delete_record(&record.id)
+                .await
+                .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn classify_dump_error(error: BackupError) -> (&'static str, &'static str) {
+    match error.code() {
+        code::CANCELLED => (code::CANCELLED, "备份已取消"),
+        code::STAGING_SPACE_EXHAUSTED => (code::STAGING_SPACE_EXHAUSTED, "暂存磁盘空间不足"),
+        _ => (code::PG_DUMP_FAILED, "数据库导出失败"),
+    }
+}
+
+fn repo_error(error: crate::ports::store::AdminStoreError) -> WorkerTaskError {
+    WorkerTaskError::safe(format!("backup store failed: {error}"))
+}
+
+fn infra_error(error: BackupError) -> WorkerTaskError {
+    WorkerTaskError::safe(error.message())
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+//! 管理控制面的语义模型、用例与外部能力端口。
+//!
+//! 本 crate 不包含 HTTP wire、数据库实现或具体 Provider 实现。
+
+use std::{fmt, path::Path, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
+
+use gateway_core::{
+    engine::probe::AccountProbe,
+    routing::{ProviderKind, snapshot::SnapshotControl},
+    task::{
+        DaemonRestartPolicy, WorkerContribution, WorkerId, WorkerKind, WorkerRegistration,
+        WorkerRunnable,
+    },
+};
+use secrecy::{ExposeSecret as _, SecretString};
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
+pub mod backup;
+pub mod model;
+pub mod ports;
+mod use_case;
+
+pub use use_case::{
+    account_groups::AccountGroupService, accounts::AccountsService, auth::AuthService,
+    backup::BackupService, client_keys::ClientKeyService, observability::ObservabilityService,
+    openai::OpenAiService, settings::SettingsService, system::SystemService, xai::XaiService,
+};
+
+use model::{AdminError, AdminErrorKind};
+use ports::{
+    provider::{ProviderAdmin, ProviderAdminError, ProviderAdminErrorKind, ProviderAdminRegistry},
+    store::AdminStorePorts,
+    system::SystemOperations,
+};
+use use_case::{
+    account_groups::DefaultAccountGroupService, accounts::DefaultAccountsService,
+    auth::DefaultAuthService, backup::DefaultBackupService, client_keys::DefaultClientKeyService,
+    observability::DefaultObservabilityService, openai::DefaultOpenAiService,
+    settings::DefaultSettingsService, system::DefaultSystemService, xai::DefaultXaiService,
+};
+
+const OPENAI_PROVIDER_KIND: &str = "openai";
+const XAI_PROVIDER_KIND: &str = "xai";
+const MINIMUM_INITIAL_PASSWORD_BYTES: usize = 12;
+const WEAK_INITIAL_PASSWORDS: &[&str] = &[
+    "",
+    "admin",
+    "123456",
+    "password",
+    "changeme",
+    "change-me",
+    "replace-me",
+    "codex-proxy-rs",
+];
+
+const BACKUP_WORKER_OWNER: &str = "backup";
+
+/// 只用于首次幂等创建默认管理员的启动密码。
+#[derive(Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(transparent)]
+pub struct InitialAdminPassword(SecretString);
+
+impl InitialAdminPassword {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(value: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self(SecretString::from(value.into()))
+    }
+
+    fn expose(&self) -> &str {
+        self.0.expose_secret()
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for InitialAdminPassword {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.expose() == other.expose()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for InitialAdminPassword {}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for InitialAdminPassword {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("InitialAdminPassword([REDACTED])")
+    }
+}
+
+/// 管理控制面的启动配置。
+#[derive(Clone, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct AdminConfig {
+    pub session_ttl_minutes: u64,
+    pub default_username: String,
+    pub default_password: InitialAdminPassword,
+}
+
+impl AdminConfig {
+    /// 校验 Admin-owned 字段；当前配置不含相对路径。
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// 用户名、会话有效期或初始密码不满足安全约束时返回错误。
+    pub fn resolve_and_validate(&mut self, _source_dir: &Path) -> Result<(), AdminConfigError> {
+        if self.default_username.trim().is_empty()
+            || self.default_username.chars().any(char::is_control)
+        {
+            return Err(AdminConfigError::InvalidField("admin.default_username"));
+        }
+        if self.session_ttl_minutes == 0 || i64::try_from(self.session_ttl_minutes).is_err() {
+            return Err(AdminConfigError::InvalidField("admin.session_ttl_minutes"));
+        }
+        let password = self.default_password.expose().trim();
+        if password.len() < MINIMUM_INITIAL_PASSWORD_BYTES
+            || password.contains('$')
+            || WEAK_INITIAL_PASSWORDS.contains(&password.to_ascii_lowercase().as_str())
+        {
+            return Err(AdminConfigError::WeakInitialPassword);
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for AdminConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("AdminConfig")
+            .field("session_ttl_minutes", &self.session_ttl_minutes)
+            .field("default_username", &self.default_username)
+            .field("default_password", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Admin-owned 启动配置错误；不回显任何配置值。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum AdminConfigError {
+    #[error("configuration field `{0}` is invalid")]
+    InvalidField(&'static str),
+    #[error("admin.default_password does not meet the initial password policy")]
+    WeakInitialPassword,
+}
+
+/// API 持有的管理资源能力集合。
+///
+/// 字段全部私有；调用方经 accessor 直接调用能力，不需要命名内部 `use_case` 模块。
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct AdminServices {
+    auth: Arc<dyn AuthService>,
+    accounts: Arc<dyn AccountsService>,
+    account_groups: Arc<dyn AccountGroupService>,
+    client_keys: Arc<dyn ClientKeyService>,
+    observability: Arc<dyn ObservabilityService>,
+    settings: Arc<dyn SettingsService>,
+    system: Arc<dyn SystemService>,
+    openai: Arc<dyn OpenAiService>,
+    xai: Arc<dyn XaiService>,
+    backups: Arc<dyn BackupService>,
+}
+
+impl AdminServices {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn auth(&self) -> &dyn AuthService {
+        self.auth.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn accounts(&self) -> &dyn AccountsService {
+        self.accounts.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn account_groups(&self) -> &dyn AccountGroupService {
+        self.account_groups.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn client_keys(&self) -> &dyn ClientKeyService {
+        self.client_keys.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn observability(&self) -> &dyn ObservabilityService {
+        self.observability.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn settings(&self) -> &dyn SettingsService {
+        self.settings.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn system(&self) -> &dyn SystemService {
+        self.system.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn openai(&self) -> &dyn OpenAiService {
+        self.openai.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn xai(&self) -> &dyn XaiService {
+        self.xai.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn backups(&self) -> &dyn BackupService {
+        self.backups.as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Admin 初始化完成后的封闭能力包。
+pub struct AdminBundle {
+    services: AdminServices,
+    worker_contributions: Vec<WorkerContribution>,
+}
+
+impl AdminBundle {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn services(&self) -> AdminServices {
+        self.services.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// 取出 Backup Worker 贡献；只能调用一次，与其它 Bundle 的贡献一并交给 Host。
+    pub fn take_worker_contributions(&mut self) -> Vec<WorkerContribution> {
+        std::mem::take(&mut self.worker_contributions)
+    }
+}
+
+/// 校验配置、建立动态 Provider 注册表并完成默认管理员幂等初始化。
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// 配置非法、Provider 注册冲突/缺失或默认管理员初始化失败时返回错误。
+pub async fn initialize(
+    mut config: AdminConfig,
+    store: AdminStorePorts,
+    providers: Vec<Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin>>,
+    snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+    probe: Arc<dyn AccountProbe>,
+    system: Arc<dyn SystemOperations>,
+) -> Result<AdminBundle, AdminError> {
+    config
+        .resolve_and_validate(Path::new("."))
+        .map_err(|error| AdminError::invalid(error.to_string()))?;
+    let registry = ProviderAdminRegistry::new(providers).map_err(map_provider_registry_error)?;
+    let openai = registry
+        .require(&provider_kind(OPENAI_PROVIDER_KIND)?)
+        .map_err(map_provider_registry_error)?;
+    let xai = registry
+        .require(&provider_kind(XAI_PROVIDER_KIND)?)
+        .map_err(map_provider_registry_error)?;
+
+    let auth = Arc::new(DefaultAuthService::new(
+        config.default_username,
+        config.session_ttl_minutes,
+        store.auth(),
+    ));
+    auth.ensure_default_admin(config.default_password.expose())
+        .await?;
+
+    let accounts = Arc::new(DefaultAccountsService::new(
+        store.accounts(),
+        registry.clone(),
+        snapshot.clone(),
+        probe.clone(),
+    ));
+    let backup_ports = store.backup();
+    let backups = Arc::new(DefaultBackupService::new(
+        backup_ports.repository(),
+        backup_ports.object_store(),
+        store.auth(),
+        snapshot.clone(),
+    ));
+    let backup_task = backup::task::BackupTask::new(
+        backup_ports.repository(),
+        backup_ports.dump(),
+        backup_ports.object_store(),
+    );
+    let services = AdminServices {
+        auth,
+        accounts,
+        account_groups: Arc::new(DefaultAccountGroupService::new(
+            store.account_groups(),
+            snapshot.clone(),
+        )),
+        client_keys: Arc::new(DefaultClientKeyService::new(
+            store.client_keys(),
+            snapshot.clone(),
+        )),
+        observability: Arc::new(DefaultObservabilityService::new(
+            store.observability(),
+            store.settings(),
+            registry,
+        )),
+        settings: Arc::new(DefaultSettingsService::new(
+            store.settings(),
+            snapshot.clone(),
+        )),
+        system: Arc::new(DefaultSystemService::new(system)),
+        openai: Arc::new(DefaultOpenAiService::new(
+            openai,
+            store.accounts(),
+            snapshot.clone(),
+        )),
+        xai: Arc::new(DefaultXaiService::new(
+            xai,
+            store.accounts(),
+            snapshot.clone(),
+        )),
+        backups,
+    };
+    let worker_contributions = backup_worker_contribution(backup_task)?;
+    Ok(AdminBundle {
+        services,
+        worker_contributions,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Backup Worker 注册：单个可取消 Daemon，owner 固定为 `backup`。
+fn backup_worker_contribution(
+    task: backup::task::BackupTask,
+) -> Result<Vec<WorkerContribution>, AdminError> {
+    let id = WorkerId::try_new(WorkerKind::Backup, BACKUP_WORKER_OWNER)
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Backup worker id is invalid"))?;
+    let restart = DaemonRestartPolicy::try_new(Duration::from_secs(1), Duration::from_secs(60))
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Backup worker restart policy is invalid"))?;
+    let registration = WorkerRegistration::try_new(
+        id,
+        WorkerRunnable::Daemon {
+            restart,
+            task: Box::new(task),
+        },
+    )
+    .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Backup worker registration is invalid"))?;
+    Ok(vec![WorkerContribution::Registration(registration)])
+}
+
+fn provider_kind(value: &'static str) -> Result<ProviderKind, AdminError> {
+    ProviderKind::new(value).map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Built-in Provider kind is invalid"))
+}
+
+fn map_provider_registry_error(error: ProviderAdminError) -> AdminError {
+    let kind = match error.kind() {
+        ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid | ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unsupported => {
+            AdminErrorKind::Invalid
+        }
+        ProviderAdminErrorKind::NotFound => AdminErrorKind::NotFound,
+        ProviderAdminErrorKind::Conflict => AdminErrorKind::Conflict,
+        ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unavailable => AdminErrorKind::Unavailable,
+        ProviderAdminErrorKind::Internal => AdminErrorKind::Internal,
+    };
+    AdminError::new(kind, "Provider registry initialization failed")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+//! Provider-neutral account group commands and projections.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use gateway_core::routing::AccountGroupId;
+
+use super::{PageSize, Revision, observability::DecimalAmount};
+
+/// Canonical `#RRGGBBAA` color persisted with an account group.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupColor(String);
+
+impl AccountGroupColor {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.0
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn parse(value: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        (value.len() == 9
+            && value.starts_with('#')
+            && value[1..].bytes().all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_hexdigit()))
+        .then(|| Self(value.to_ascii_uppercase()))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Group member availability at the current observation time.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupAccountSummary {
+    pub available: u64,
+    pub limited: u64,
+    pub total: u64,
+}
+
+/// Group scheduling slots derived from available accounts and runtime leases.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupCapacity {
+    pub used_slots: Option<u64>,
+    pub total_slots: u64,
+}
+
+/// Successful, downstream-committed USD request costs for group accounts.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupUsage {
+    pub today_usd: DecimalAmount,
+    pub total_usd: DecimalAmount,
+}
+
+/// Lightweight group reference embedded in account and client-key views.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupRef {
+    pub id: AccountGroupId,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub color: AccountGroupColor,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+}
+
+/// Account group list query.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupListQuery {
+    pub page: u32,
+    pub page_size: PageSize,
+    pub search: Option<String>,
+    pub enabled: Option<bool>,
+}
+
+/// Complete account group summary.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupRecord {
+    pub id: AccountGroupId,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub color: AccountGroupColor,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub member_count: u64,
+    pub provider_counts: BTreeMap<String, u64>,
+    pub client_key_count: u64,
+    pub account_summary: AccountGroupAccountSummary,
+    pub capacity: AccountGroupCapacity,
+    pub usage: AccountGroupUsage,
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+/// Paginated account groups.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupPage {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub items: Vec<AccountGroupRecord>,
+    pub total: u64,
+    pub page: u32,
+    pub page_size: u16,
+}
+
+/// Create an account group.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CreateAccountGroup {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub color: AccountGroupColor,
+}
+
+/// Store-ready create command with a generated stable ID.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct NewAccountGroup {
+    pub id: AccountGroupId,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub color: AccountGroupColor,
+}
+
+/// Update an account group's descriptive fields.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UpdateAccountGroup {
+    pub id: AccountGroupId,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub color: AccountGroupColor,
+}
+
+/// Enable or disable an account group.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SetAccountGroupEnabled {
+    pub id: AccountGroupId,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+}
+
+/// Delete an account group that is not referenced by a client key.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct DeleteAccountGroup {
+    pub id: AccountGroupId,
+}
+
+/// Result of any account-group mutation.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupMutation {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub id: AccountGroupId,
+    pub record: Option<AccountGroupRecord>,
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+//! 多 Provider 账号目录与连接测试的公共事实。
+
+use std::pin::Pin;
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use futures::Stream;
+
+use gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind;
+
+use super::{PageSize, Revision, account_groups::AccountGroupRef, observability::TimeRange};
+
+pub use gateway_core::engine::credential::{
+    AccountConcurrencyLimit, AccountErrorReason, AccountStatus, AccountStatusFacts,
+    AccountStatusProjection, AccountWeight, CredentialState, QuotaAccessState, QuotaEvidence,
+    QuotaState, resolve_account_status,
+};
+
+/// 账号列表排序字段。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AccountSortField {
+    Email,
+    Status,
+    PlanType,
+    Usage,
+    LastUsedAt,
+    ExpiresAt,
+}
+
+/// 账号列表排序方向。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SortDirection {
+    Asc,
+    Desc,
+}
+
+/// 一组完整的账号排序规则。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountSort {
+    pub field: AccountSortField,
+    pub direction: SortDirection,
+}
+
+/// 账号列表的存储查询条件。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountListQuery {
+    pub page: u32,
+    pub page_size: PageSize,
+    pub provider_kind: Option<ProviderKind>,
+    pub group_filter: Option<AccountGroupFilter>,
+    pub search: Option<String>,
+    pub status: Option<AccountStatus>,
+    pub sort: Option<AccountSort>,
+}
+
+/// Optional account membership filter.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AccountGroupFilter {
+    Group(gateway_core::routing::AccountGroupId),
+    Ungrouped,
+}
+
+/// 账号公共存储投影；Provider 专属字段不进入此结构。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountRecord {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    pub groups: Vec<AccountGroupRef>,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub email: Option<String>,
+    pub upstream_user_id: Option<String>,
+    pub upstream_account_id: Option<String>,
+    pub plan_type: Option<String>,
+    pub authentication_kind: String,
+    pub credential_revision: Revision,
+    pub has_refresh_token: bool,
+    pub access_token_expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub next_refresh_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub concurrency_limit: Option<AccountConcurrencyLimit>,
+    pub weight: AccountWeight,
+    pub credential_state: CredentialState,
+    pub credential_observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub quota: QuotaState,
+    pub last_error_reason: Option<AccountErrorReason>,
+    pub last_error_message: Option<String>,
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+/// 单一货币的账号成本聚合。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountCost {
+    pub currency: String,
+    pub amount: super::observability::DecimalAmount,
+}
+
+/// 账号在一个模型上的历史用量。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountModelUsage {
+    pub model: String,
+    pub request_count: u64,
+    pub success_count: u64,
+    pub input_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub output_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cached_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cache_write_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub reasoning_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub image_input_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub image_output_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub image_request_count: u64,
+    pub image_request_failed_count: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cost_coverage: super::observability::CostCoverage,
+    pub costs: Vec<AccountCost>,
+    pub last_used_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+/// 账号在一个小时窗口内的请求数。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountRequestBucket {
+    pub bucket_start: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub request_count: u64,
+}
+
+/// 账号历史用量聚合。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountUsage {
+    pub account_id: String,
+    pub request_count: u64,
+    pub success_count: u64,
+    pub input_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub output_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cached_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cache_write_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub reasoning_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub image_input_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub image_output_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub image_request_count: u64,
+    pub image_request_failed_count: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cost_coverage: super::observability::CostCoverage,
+    pub costs: Vec<AccountCost>,
+    pub last_used_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub request_buckets: Vec<AccountRequestBucket>,
+    pub models: Vec<AccountModelUsage>,
+}
+
+/// 某个账号在调用方指定时间窗口内的本地用量查询。
+///
+/// `key` 只用于把聚合结果关联回调用方的窗口，不承载 Provider 私有语义。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountUsageWindowQuery {
+    pub account_id: String,
+    pub key: String,
+    pub range: TimeRange,
+}
+
+/// 一个账号时间窗口用量查询的结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountUsageWindowResult {
+    pub account_id: String,
+    pub key: String,
+    pub usage: AccountUsage,
+}
+
+/// 账号列表页所需的完整存储事实。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountPage {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub items: Vec<AccountPageItem>,
+    pub total: u64,
+    pub summary: AccountSummary,
+}
+
+/// 同一状态快照下的账号事实与唯一状态投影。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountPageItem {
+    pub account: AccountRecord,
+    pub projection: AccountStatusProjection,
+}
+
+/// 统一账号目录的全局状态计数，不受当前筛选和分页影响。
+///
+/// 计数与 [`AccountStatus`] 一一对应，由 store 按派生状态聚合。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountSummary {
+    pub total: u64,
+    pub normal: u64,
+    pub quota_exhausted: u64,
+    pub rate_limited: u64,
+    pub disabled: u64,
+    pub error: u64,
+}
+
+/// 账号可编辑事实的一次性替换命令。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UpdateAccount {
+    pub account_id: String,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub concurrency_limit: Option<AccountConcurrencyLimit>,
+    pub weight: AccountWeight,
+    pub group_ids: Vec<gateway_core::routing::AccountGroupId>,
+}
+
+/// 账号更新结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountUpdateResult {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub account_id: gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId,
+}
+
+/// 一批账号可编辑事实的一次性替换命令。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct BatchUpdateAccounts {
+    pub account_ids: Vec<String>,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub concurrency_limit: Option<AccountConcurrencyLimit>,
+    pub weight: AccountWeight,
+    pub group_ids: Vec<gateway_core::routing::AccountGroupId>,
+}
+
+/// 批量账号更新结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountsUpdateResult {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub account_ids: Vec<gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId>,
+}
+
+/// 账号批量删除命令。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct DeleteAccounts {
+    pub account_ids: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+/// 账号连接测试的语义事件。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AccountConnectionTestEvent {
+    Started {
+        model: String,
+    },
+    Request {
+        model: String,
+        input_text: String,
+        stream: bool,
+        store: bool,
+    },
+    Content {
+        text: String,
+    },
+    Completed,
+    Failed {
+        message: String,
+        provider_error_code: Option<String>,
+        provider_error_type: Option<String>,
+        upstream_status: Option<u16>,
+        upstream_content_type: Option<String>,
+        upstream_body: Option<String>,
+    },
+}
+
+/// 每次连接测试独占的有限事件流。
+pub type AccountConnectionTestEventStream =
+    Pin<Box<dyn Stream<Item = AccountConnectionTestEvent> + Send + 'static>>;
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+//! 管理员认证、会话和安全审计事实。
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+
+use super::{MutationActor, MutationContext, Revision};
+
+/// 已认证的管理主体。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AdminPrincipal {
+    Session { admin_user_id: String },
+    ApiKey,
+}
+
+/// 传给管理用例的安全请求上下文。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AdminRequestContext {
+    pub principal: AdminPrincipal,
+    pub request_id: String,
+}
+
+impl AdminRequestContext {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn mutation_context(&self) -> MutationContext {
+        let actor = match &self.principal {
+            AdminPrincipal::Session { admin_user_id } => MutationActor::AdminSession {
+                admin_user_id: admin_user_id.clone(),
+            },
+            AdminPrincipal::ApiKey => MutationActor::AdminApiKey,
+        };
+        MutationContext {
+            actor,
+            request_id: self.request_id.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 管理员登录命令。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct LoginCommand {
+    pub username: Option<String>,
+    pub password: String,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for LoginCommand {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("LoginCommand")
+            .field("username", &self.username)
+            .field("password", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 登录成功后返回的会话事实。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct LoginResult {
+    pub session_id: String,
+    pub expires_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+/// 登录状态机可被 API 精确映射的失败类型。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum LoginError {
+    #[error("invalid administrator credentials")]
+    InvalidCredentials,
+    #[error("administrator authentication is unavailable")]
+    Unavailable,
+}
+
+/// Redis 中可恢复的管理员会话。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AdminSession {
+    pub admin_user_id: String,
+    pub expires_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+/// 安全审计事件类型。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AuditActorKind {
+    AdminSession,
+    AdminApiKey,
+    System,
+    Anonymous,
+}
+
+/// 管理写操作留下的最小审计事实。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AdminAuditEvent {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub actor_kind: AuditActorKind,
+    pub actor_admin_user_id: Option<String>,
+    pub actor_ref: String,
+    pub request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub action: String,
+    pub entity_kind: String,
+    pub entity_ref: String,
+    pub config_revision: Option<Revision>,
+    pub changed_fields: Vec<String>,
+    pub occurred_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,566 @@
+//! S3 备份领域模型、状态机与稳定错误。
+//!
+//! 领域类型只携带事实，不承载基础设施细节。Secret 使用 [`secrecy::SecretString`]，
+//! 全流程不实现 `Serialize`，避免被错误地写入 wire 或日志。管理员身份等审计事实
+//! 只存在于 `admin_audit_events`，本模型不重复保存。
+
+use std::fmt;
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use secrecy::SecretString;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+use super::PageSize;
+
+/// 备份触发来源。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum BackupTriggerKind {
+    Manual,
+    Scheduled,
+}
+
+impl BackupTriggerKind {
+    /// 稳定持久化值。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Manual => "manual",
+            Self::Scheduled => "scheduled",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 解析持久化值。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn parse(value: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        match value {
+            "manual" => Some(Self::Manual),
+            "scheduled" => Some(Self::Scheduled),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for BackupTriggerKind {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str(self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 备份任务状态机（六状态）。
+///
+/// 迁移 `backup_records_lifecycle_ck` 与字段空值语义共同定义合法持久化行；
+/// [`Self::allows_transition_to`] 只约束领域内的显式状态迁移，两层都必须满足。
+/// 删除成功后记录行被硬删除，因此不存在 `deleted` 终态。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum BackupStatus {
+    Queued,
+    Dumping,
+    Uploading,
+    Completed,
+    Failed,
+    Deleting,
+}
+
+impl BackupStatus {
+    /// 稳定持久化值。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Queued => "queued",
+            Self::Dumping => "dumping",
+            Self::Uploading => "uploading",
+            Self::Completed => "completed",
+            Self::Failed => "failed",
+            Self::Deleting => "deleting",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 解析持久化值。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn parse(value: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        match value {
+            "queued" => Some(Self::Queued),
+            "dumping" => Some(Self::Dumping),
+            "uploading" => Some(Self::Uploading),
+            "completed" => Some(Self::Completed),
+            "failed" => Some(Self::Failed),
+            "deleting" => Some(Self::Deleting),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 该状态是否消耗全局活跃名额。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_active(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Queued | Self::Dumping | Self::Uploading)
+    }
+
+    /// 该状态是否允许进入删除流程。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn can_be_deleted(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Completed | Self::Failed)
+    }
+
+    /// 领域内允许的显式迁移。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn allows_transition_to(self, target: BackupStatus) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            (self, target),
+            (Self::Queued, Self::Dumping)
+                | (Self::Queued, Self::Failed)
+                | (Self::Dumping, Self::Uploading)
+                | (Self::Dumping, Self::Failed)
+                | (Self::Uploading, Self::Completed)
+                | (Self::Uploading, Self::Failed)
+                | (Self::Completed, Self::Deleting)
+                | (Self::Failed, Self::Deleting)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for BackupStatus {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str(self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+/// S3 存储配置更新命令；`secret_access_key` 为 `None` 表示保留旧值。
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct UpdateBackupStorageCommand {
+    pub endpoint: String,
+    pub region: String,
+    pub bucket: String,
+    pub access_key_id: String,
+    pub secret_access_key: Option<SecretString>,
+    pub prefix: String,
+    pub force_path_style: bool,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for UpdateBackupStorageCommand {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("UpdateBackupStorageCommand")
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("region", &self.region)
+            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
+            .field("access_key_id", &self.access_key_id)
+            .field("secret_access_key", &self.secret_access_key.is_some())
+            .field("prefix", &self.prefix)
+            .field("force_path_style", &self.force_path_style)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 调度配置更新命令。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UpdateBackupScheduleCommand {
+    pub schedule_enabled: bool,
+    pub cron_expression: String,
+    pub schedule_timezone: String,
+    pub retention_days: u32,
+    pub retention_count: u32,
+}
+
+/// 完整保存的备份设置（含 Secret）。
+///
+/// 只从仓储读取；不实现 `Serialize`，防止 Secret 进入 wire 或日志。
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BackupSettings {
+    pub storage_revision: u64,
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    pub region: Option<String>,
+    pub bucket: Option<String>,
+    pub access_key_id: Option<String>,
+    pub secret_access_key: Option<SecretString>,
+    pub prefix: Option<String>,
+    pub force_path_style: bool,
+    pub schedule_enabled: bool,
+    pub cron_expression: Option<String>,
+    pub schedule_timezone: Option<String>,
+    pub retention_days: u32,
+    pub retention_count: u32,
+    pub next_run_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub last_verified_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for BackupSettings {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("BackupSettings")
+            .field("storage_revision", &self.storage_revision)
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("region", &self.region)
+            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
+            .field("access_key_id", &self.access_key_id)
+            .field("secret_access_key", &self.secret_access_key.is_some())
+            .field("prefix", &self.prefix)
+            .field("force_path_style", &self.force_path_style)
+            .field("schedule_enabled", &self.schedule_enabled)
+            .field("cron_expression", &self.cron_expression)
+            .field("schedule_timezone", &self.schedule_timezone)
+            .field("retention_days", &self.retention_days)
+            .field("retention_count", &self.retention_count)
+            .field("next_run_at", &self.next_run_at)
+            .field("last_verified_at", &self.last_verified_at)
+            .field("updated_at", &self.updated_at)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl BackupSettings {
+    /// S3 存储配置是否完整（bucket/region/密钥/前缀齐全）。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn storage_configured(&self) -> bool {
+        self.endpoint.is_some()
+            && self.region.is_some()
+            && self.bucket.is_some()
+            && self.access_key_id.is_some()
+            && self.secret_access_key.is_some()
+            && self.prefix.is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// 探测是否已对当前 revision 成功；`last_verified_at` 非空即表示当前配置已通过探针。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn storage_verified(&self) -> bool {
+        self.last_verified_at.is_some()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 已经校验并可用于对象存储操作的存储配置快照。
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BackupStorageConfig {
+    pub storage_revision: u64,
+    pub endpoint: String,
+    pub region: String,
+    pub bucket: String,
+    pub access_key_id: String,
+    pub secret_access_key: SecretString,
+    pub prefix: String,
+    pub force_path_style: bool,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for BackupStorageConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("BackupStorageConfig")
+            .field("storage_revision", &self.storage_revision)
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("region", &self.region)
+            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
+            .field("access_key_id", &self.access_key_id)
+            .field("secret_access_key", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .field("prefix", &self.prefix)
+            .field("force_path_style", &self.force_path_style)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl BackupStorageConfig {
+    /// 从完整设置推导对象存储配置；设置不完整时返回 `None`。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn from_settings(settings: &BackupSettings) -> Option<Self> {
+        Some(Self {
+            storage_revision: settings.storage_revision,
+            endpoint: settings.endpoint.clone()?,
+            region: settings.region.clone()?,
+            bucket: settings.bucket.clone()?,
+            access_key_id: settings.access_key_id.clone()?,
+            secret_access_key: settings.secret_access_key.clone()?,
+            prefix: settings.prefix.clone()?,
+            force_path_style: settings.force_path_style,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// 一条备份记录。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct BackupRecord {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind,
+    pub status: BackupStatus,
+    pub scheduled_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub object_key: String,
+    pub size_bytes: Option<u64>,
+    pub sha256: Option<String>,
+    pub attempt_count: u32,
+    pub error_code: Option<String>,
+    pub error_message: Option<String>,
+    pub started_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub completed_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    /// 手动过期时间；创建时确定，到期自动清理。
+    pub expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+/// 备份记录分页查询。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct BackupRecordListQuery {
+    pub page: u32,
+    pub page_size: PageSize,
+    pub status: Option<BackupStatus>,
+    pub trigger: Option<BackupTriggerKind>,
+}
+
+/// 备份记录分页结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct BackupRecordPage {
+    pub items: Vec<BackupRecord>,
+    pub total: u64,
+    pub page: u32,
+    pub page_size: PageSize,
+}
+
+impl BackupRecordPage {
+    /// 计算总页数；空集合视为一页。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn total_pages(&self) -> u32 {
+        let size = u64::from(self.page_size.get());
+        if self.total == 0 {
+            1
+        } else {
+            self.total.div_ceil(size).min(u64::from(u32::MAX)) as u32
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 创建备份任务的持久化数据；id 与对象 key 由领域生成。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct BackupRecordSeed {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind,
+    pub scheduled_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub object_key: String,
+    pub expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+}
+
+/// 连接测试结果；只携带稳定阶段与脱敏消息。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ConnectionTestResult {
+    pub ok: bool,
+    pub stage: &'static str,
+    pub code: Option<&'static str>,
+    pub message: String,
+}
+
+/// 对象存储探测阶段。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ConnectionTestStage {
+    PutObject,
+    HeadObject,
+    GetObject,
+    DeleteObject,
+}
+
+impl ConnectionTestStage {
+    /// 稳定 wire 值。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::PutObject => "putObject",
+            Self::HeadObject => "headObject",
+            Self::GetObject => "getObject",
+            Self::DeleteObject => "deleteObject",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 上传到对象存储并期望远端校验的归档 metadata。
+///
+/// `size_bytes` 在上传时不写入 metadata，但 `HeadObject` 会返回远端大小，
+/// 用于与本地归档校验一致。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct BackupObjectMetadata {
+    pub backup_id: String,
+    pub sha256: String,
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub size_bytes: u64,
+}
+
+impl BackupObjectMetadata {
+    /// 构造上传 metadata。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(
+        backup_id: String,
+        sha256: String,
+        created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+        size_bytes: u64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            backup_id,
+            sha256,
+            created_at,
+            size_bytes,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 短时下载地址结果。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct DownloadUrlResult {
+    pub url: String,
+    pub file_name: String,
+    pub expires_in: std::time::Duration,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for DownloadUrlResult {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("DownloadUrlResult")
+            .field("url", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .field("file_name", &self.file_name)
+            .field("expires_in", &self.expires_in)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 备份基础设施错误：只携带稳定错误码与脱敏消息。
+///
+/// 该类型不构成第二套 kind 枚举；`gateway-admin` 边界统一映射为既有
+/// `AdminErrorKind`。稳定 `error_code` 同时用于任务记录、日志与 UI。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("{message}")]
+pub struct BackupError {
+    code: &'static str,
+    message: String,
+}
+
+impl BackupError {
+    /// 构造基础设施错误。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(code: &'static str, message: String) -> Self {
+        Self { code, message }
+    }
+
+    /// 稳定错误码，例如 `backup.s3_auth_failed`。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn code(&self) -> &'static str {
+        self.code
+    }
+
+    /// 脱敏后的可操作消息。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn message(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.message
+    }
+}
+
+/// 构造稳定错误码常量。
+pub mod code {
+    /// 配置或参数非法。
+    pub const INVALID_CONFIG: &str = "backup.invalid_config";
+    /// Cron 表达式非法。
+    pub const INVALID_CRON: &str = "backup.invalid_cron";
+    /// IANA 时区非法。
+    pub const INVALID_TIMEZONE: &str = "backup.invalid_timezone";
+    /// 记录不存在。
+    pub const RECORD_NOT_FOUND: &str = "backup.record_not_found";
+    /// 已存在活跃任务，拒绝创建。
+    pub const ACTIVE_TASK_CONFLICT: &str = "backup.active_task_conflict";
+    /// 记录状态与期望不符，无法迁移。
+    pub const STATE_CONFLICT: &str = "backup.state_conflict";
+    /// 已有记录时禁止切换存储目标。
+    pub const STORAGE_IDENTITY_LOCKED: &str = "backup.storage_identity_locked";
+    /// `pg_dump` 非零退出或失败。
+    pub const PG_DUMP_FAILED: &str = "backup.pg_dump_failed";
+    /// 暂存磁盘空间不足。
+    pub const STAGING_SPACE_EXHAUSTED: &str = "backup.staging_space_exhausted";
+    /// S3 认证失败。
+    pub const S3_AUTH_FAILED: &str = "backup.s3_auth_failed";
+    /// S3 权限拒绝。
+    pub const S3_PERMISSION_DENIED: &str = "backup.s3_permission_denied";
+    /// S3 上传失败。
+    pub const S3_UPLOAD_FAILED: &str = "backup.s3_upload_failed";
+    /// 远端对象校验失败。
+    pub const REMOTE_VERIFICATION_FAILED: &str = "backup.remote_verification_failed";
+    /// 任务被取消。
+    pub const CANCELLED: &str = "backup.cancelled";
+    /// 仓储或对象存储暂不可用。
+    pub const STORE_UNAVAILABLE: &str = "backup.store_unavailable";
+    /// 上游 S3 服务返回无效或失败响应。
+    pub const UPSTREAM_FAILURE: &str = "backup.upstream_failure";
+}
+
+/// 构建对象 key：`{prefix}/YYYY/MM/DD/codex-proxy-rs_{UTC seconds}_{backup id}.dump`。
+///
+/// 规范化规则：prefix 不得为空、不得以前导 `/` 开头、不得包含 `..`、反斜杠或控制字符；
+/// 输出统一使用 `/` 分隔且不含空段。
+pub fn build_object_key(
+    prefix: &str,
+    backup_id: &str,
+    at: DateTime<Utc>,
+) -> Result<String, BackupError> {
+    let prefix = normalize_prefix(prefix)?;
+    Ok(format!(
+        "{prefix}/{}/{:02}/{:02}/codex-proxy-rs_{}_{}.dump",
+        at.format("%Y"),
+        at.format("%m"),
+        at.format("%d"),
+        at.format("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"),
+        short_backup_id(backup_id),
+    ))
+}
+
+/// 下载文件名：`codex-proxy-rs_{短 id}.dump`，与对象 key 的文件名一致。
+#[must_use]
+pub fn build_download_file_name(backup_id: &str) -> String {
+    format!("codex-proxy-rs_{}.dump", short_backup_id(backup_id))
+}
+
+/// 截取备份 id 的可读短标识：去掉 `backup_` 前缀，最多保留 8 位 hex。
+#[must_use]
+fn short_backup_id(backup_id: &str) -> String {
+    let hex = backup_id.strip_prefix("backup_").unwrap_or(backup_id);
+    hex.get(..8).unwrap_or(hex).to_owned()
+}
+
+/// 规范化并校验对象 prefix。
+///
+/// 返回去掉尾部 `/` 的规范 prefix；空串、前导 `/`、`..` 段、反斜杠和控制字符均拒绝。
+pub fn normalize_prefix(prefix: &str) -> Result<String, BackupError> {
+    if prefix.is_empty() || prefix.starts_with('/') {
+        return Err(BackupError::new(
+            code::INVALID_CONFIG,
+            "存储对象前缀必须非空且不能以前导 / 开头".to_owned(),
+        ));
+    }
+    if prefix.bytes().any(|byte| byte.is_ascii_control()) || prefix.contains('\\') {
+        return Err(BackupError::new(
+            code::INVALID_CONFIG,
+            "存储对象前缀包含非法字符".to_owned(),
+        ));
+    }
+    if prefix.split('/').any(|segment| segment == "..") {
+        return Err(BackupError::new(
+            code::INVALID_CONFIG,
+            "存储对象前缀不能包含 .. 路径段".to_owned(),
+        ));
+    }
+    Ok(prefix.trim_end_matches('/').to_owned())
+}
+
+/// 生成新的备份记录 id。
+#[must_use]
+pub fn new_backup_id() -> String {
+    format!("backup_{}", Uuid::now_v7().simple())
+}
+
+/// 从触发类型与计划时间构造可持久化 seed；id 与对象 key 一次生成保持一致。
+pub fn build_backup_seed(
+    trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind,
+    scheduled_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    prefix: &str,
+    at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+) -> Result<BackupRecordSeed, BackupError> {
+    let id = new_backup_id();
+    let object_key = build_object_key(prefix, &id, at)?;
+    Ok(BackupRecordSeed {
+        id,
+        trigger_kind,
+        scheduled_at,
+        object_key,
+        expires_at,
+    })
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+//! Client API Key 的 Command、Result 与安全秘密类型。
+
+use std::{fmt, num::NonZeroU16};
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+
+use gateway_core::{
+    policy::{ClientApiKeyId, RateLimits},
+    routing::{AccountGroupId, ProviderKind},
+};
+
+use super::{AdminModelError, Revision, account_groups::AccountGroupRef};
+
+/// Client Key 列表保持旧 HTTP 合同允许的完整非零 `u16` 页大小。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct ClientKeyPageSize(NonZeroU16);
+
+impl ClientKeyPageSize {
+    /// 创建 1 至 65535 的 Client Key 页大小。
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// `value` 为零时返回 [`AdminModelError::InvalidClientKeyPageSize`]。
+    pub fn new(value: u16) -> Result<Self, AdminModelError> {
+        NonZeroU16::new(value)
+            .map(Self)
+            .ok_or(AdminModelError::InvalidClientKeyPageSize)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn get(self) -> u16 {
+        self.0.get()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Client Key 列表排序字段。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ClientKeySortField {
+    Name,
+    Enabled,
+    CreatedAt,
+    LastUsedAt,
+}
+
+/// Client Key 列表排序方向。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SortDirection {
+    Asc,
+    Desc,
+}
+
+/// Client Key 列表排序规则。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ClientKeySort {
+    pub field: ClientKeySortField,
+    pub direction: SortDirection,
+}
+
+/// 与排序字段绑定的游标值。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ClientKeyCursorValue {
+    Name(String),
+    Enabled(bool),
+    CreatedAt(DateTime<Utc>),
+    LastUsedAt(Option<DateTime<Utc>>),
+}
+
+/// Client Key 的稳定键集游标。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ClientKeyCursor {
+    pub sort: ClientKeySort,
+    pub value: ClientKeyCursorValue,
+    pub id: ClientApiKeyId,
+}
+
+/// Client Key 列表查询。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ClientKeyListQuery {
+    pub cursor: Option<ClientKeyCursor>,
+    pub page_size: ClientKeyPageSize,
+    pub search: Option<String>,
+    pub sort: ClientKeySort,
+}
+
+/// 不含完整明文 Key 的管理投影。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ClientKeyRecord {
+    pub id: ClientApiKeyId,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub label: Option<String>,
+    pub groups: Vec<AccountGroupRef>,
+    pub provider_kinds: Vec<ProviderKind>,
+    pub prefix: String,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub limits: RateLimits,
+    pub last_used_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+/// Client Key 列表页。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ClientKeyPage {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub items: Vec<ClientKeyRecord>,
+    pub total: u64,
+    pub next_cursor: Option<ClientKeyCursor>,
+}
+
+/// 仅在创建或显式 reveal 时跨越管理边界的明文 Key。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ClientKeySecret {
+    pub record: ClientKeyRecord,
+    plaintext: String,
+}
+
+impl ClientKeySecret {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(record: ClientKeyRecord, plaintext: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            record,
+            plaintext: plaintext.into(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn expose_for_response(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.plaintext
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for ClientKeySecret {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("ClientKeySecret")
+            .field("record", &self.record)
+            .field("plaintext", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// API 提交的 Client Key 创建命令。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CreateClientKey {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub label: Option<String>,
+    pub group_ids: Vec<AccountGroupId>,
+    pub limits: RateLimits,
+}
+
+/// 管理用例生成 ID 与明文后的持久化命令。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct NewClientKey {
+    pub id: ClientApiKeyId,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub label: Option<String>,
+    pub group_ids: Vec<AccountGroupId>,
+    pub limits: RateLimits,
+    pub plaintext: String,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for NewClientKey {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("NewClientKey")
+            .field("id", &self.id)
+            .field("name", &self.name)
+            .field("group_ids", &self.group_ids)
+            .field("plaintext", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 修改 Client Key 的公开策略字段。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UpdateClientKey {
+    pub id: ClientApiKeyId,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub label: Option<String>,
+    pub group_ids: Vec<AccountGroupId>,
+    pub limits: RateLimits,
+}
+
+/// 修改 Client Key 启用状态。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SetClientKeyEnabled {
+    pub id: ClientApiKeyId,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+}
+
+/// 删除 Client Key。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct DeleteClientKey {
+    pub id: ClientApiKeyId,
+}
+
+/// Client Key 创建结果；完整明文仅存在于该一次性结果中。
+pub struct CreatedClientKey {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub secret: ClientKeySecret,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for CreatedClientKey {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("CreatedClientKey")
+            .field("config_revision", &self.config_revision)
+            .field("secret", &self.secret)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Client Key 普通写操作结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ClientKeyMutation {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub record: Option<ClientKeyRecord>,
+    pub id: ClientApiKeyId,
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+//! 管理控制面使用的 Command、Result 与稳定值对象。
+
+use std::num::{NonZeroU16, NonZeroU64};
+
+pub mod account_groups;
+pub mod accounts;
+pub mod auth;
+pub mod backup;
+pub mod client_keys;
+pub mod observability;
+pub mod provider_credentials;
+pub mod settings;
+pub mod system;
+
+/// 管理用例对外返回的稳定错误分类。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AdminErrorKind {
+    Invalid,
+    Unauthorized,
+    NotFound,
+    Conflict,
+    RateLimited,
+    BadGateway,
+    Unavailable,
+    Internal,
+}
+
+/// 不携带基础设施细节的管理用例错误。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("{message}")]
+pub struct AdminError {
+    kind: AdminErrorKind,
+    message: String,
+}
+
+impl AdminError {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(kind: AdminErrorKind, message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind,
+            message: message.into(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn kind(&self) -> AdminErrorKind {
+        self.kind
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn invalid(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(AdminErrorKind::Invalid, message)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn bad_request(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(AdminErrorKind::Invalid, message)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn not_found(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(AdminErrorKind::NotFound, message)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn conflict(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(AdminErrorKind::Conflict, message)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn bad_gateway(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(AdminErrorKind::BadGateway, message)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn unavailable(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(AdminErrorKind::Unavailable, message)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn internal(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(AdminErrorKind::Internal, message)
+    }
+}
+
+/// PostgreSQL 中所有正整数 revision 的管理层表示。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct Revision(NonZeroU64);
+
+impl Revision {
+    /// 创建正整数 revision。
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// `value` 为零时返回 [`AdminModelError::ZeroRevision`]。
+    pub fn new(value: u64) -> Result<Self, AdminModelError> {
+        NonZeroU64::new(value)
+            .map(Self)
+            .ok_or(AdminModelError::ZeroRevision)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn get(self) -> u64 {
+        self.0.get()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 管理列表统一使用的受限页大小。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct PageSize(NonZeroU16);
+
+impl PageSize {
+    pub const MAX: u16 = 200;
+
+    /// 创建 1 至 200 的页大小。
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// `value` 不在有效范围时返回 [`AdminModelError::InvalidPageSize`]。
+    pub fn new(value: u16) -> Result<Self, AdminModelError> {
+        if value > Self::MAX {
+            return Err(AdminModelError::InvalidPageSize(value));
+        }
+        NonZeroU16::new(value)
+            .map(Self)
+            .ok_or(AdminModelError::InvalidPageSize(value))
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn get(self) -> u16 {
+        self.0.get()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 可审计管理写操作的发起者。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum MutationActor {
+    AdminSession { admin_user_id: String },
+    AdminApiKey,
+    System,
+}
+
+/// 管理写操作必须携带的审计上下文。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct MutationContext {
+    pub actor: MutationActor,
+    pub request_id: String,
+}
+
+/// 领域值对象构造失败。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum AdminModelError {
+    #[error("revision must be greater than zero")]
+    ZeroRevision,
+    #[error("page size {0} is outside 1..=200")]
+    InvalidPageSize(u16),
+    #[error("client key page size must be inside 1..=65535")]
+    InvalidClientKeyPageSize,
+    #[error("request outcome must be 1..=256 bytes without control characters")]
+    InvalidRequestOutcome,
+    #[error("time range must be positive and no longer than 366 days")]
+    InvalidTimeRange,
+    #[error("decimal amount is not a non-negative numeric(20,10) value")]
+    InvalidDecimalAmount,
+    #[error("latency percentile must be finite and non-negative")]
+    InvalidLatencyPercentile,
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,754 @@
+//! Provider 管理能力交换的中立 Command 与 Result。
+
+use std::fmt;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use gateway_core::{
+    engine::credential::{OpaqueProviderData, ProviderAccountId, ProviderAccountIdentity},
+    routing::{ProviderKind, UpstreamModelId},
+};
+
+use super::{
+    AdminError, MutationActor, MutationContext, PageSize, Revision,
+    accounts::{AccountRecord, AccountSummary, AccountUsage, CredentialState},
+};
+
+/// Provider-owned JSON；公共层只搬运且 Debug 不输出值。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ProviderDocument(OpaqueProviderData);
+
+impl ProviderDocument {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(data: OpaqueProviderData) -> Self {
+        Self(data)
+    }
+
+    /// 仅具体 Provider 可以解释内部字段。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn expose_to_provider(&self) -> &OpaqueProviderData {
+        &self.0
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn into_provider_data(self) -> OpaqueProviderData {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for ProviderDocument {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("ProviderDocument([PROVIDER_OWNED])")
+    }
+}
+
+/// Credential 列表稳定游标。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CredentialCursor {
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+}
+
+/// Provider credential 列表查询。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CredentialListQuery {
+    pub credential_state: Option<CredentialStateFilter>,
+    pub enabled: Option<bool>,
+    pub window: CredentialListWindow,
+}
+
+/// Credential 状态筛选。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum CredentialStateFilter {
+    Exact(CredentialState),
+    AnyOf(Vec<CredentialState>),
+}
+
+impl CredentialStateFilter {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn matches(&self, credential_state: CredentialState) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Self::Exact(expected) => *expected == credential_state,
+            Self::AnyOf(expected) => expected.contains(&credential_state),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Credential 目录的集合窗口；完整列表与游标分页互斥。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum CredentialListWindow {
+    All,
+    Page {
+        cursor: Option<CredentialCursor>,
+        page_size: PageSize,
+    },
+}
+
+/// Provider credential 列表。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CredentialPage {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub items: Vec<AccountRecord>,
+    pub next_cursor: Option<CredentialCursor>,
+}
+
+/// Provider credential 详情。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CredentialDetails {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub credential: AccountRecord,
+}
+
+/// Provider 正式文档批量导入命令。
+pub struct ImportCredentials {
+    pub context: MutationContext,
+    pub document: ProviderDocument,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for ImportCredentials {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("ImportCredentials")
+            .field("context", &self.context)
+            .field("document", &self.document)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 批量导入提交结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CredentialImportResult {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub credential_ids: Vec<ProviderAccountId>,
+}
+
+/// Provider 解析导入文档时只接收不透明文档，不接触 revision 或审计上下文。
+pub struct PrepareCredentialImport {
+    pub document: ProviderDocument,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for PrepareCredentialImport {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("PrepareCredentialImport")
+            .field("document", &self.document)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Provider 已验证、可由 Store 原子创建的一份 credential。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct PreparedCredentialCreate {
+    pub account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+    pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub email: Option<String>,
+    pub upstream_user_id: Option<String>,
+    pub upstream_account_id: Option<String>,
+    pub plan_type: Option<String>,
+    pub authentication_kind: String,
+    pub provider_material: ProviderDocument,
+    pub has_refresh_token: bool,
+    pub access_token_expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub next_refresh_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub credential_state: CredentialState,
+    pub credential_observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+/// Provider 对一份导入文档的完整验证结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct PreparedCredentialImport {
+    pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    pub credentials: Vec<PreparedCredentialCreate>,
+}
+
+/// Admin 交给 Store 的导入事务命令。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct CredentialImportCommit {
+    pub prepared: PreparedCredentialImport,
+}
+
+/// OAuth pending owner 的中立身份；不编码具体 Provider 的 Redis key 或 JSON。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AuthorizationOwner {
+    AdminSession { admin_user_id: String },
+    AdminApiKey,
+    System,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for AuthorizationOwner {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("AuthorizationOwner([REDACTED])")
+    }
+}
+
+/// Provider 写入 pending payload 与 Redis owner binding 所需的全部中立字段。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AuthorizationOwnerBinding {
+    owner: AuthorizationOwner,
+    started_request_id: String,
+}
+
+impl AuthorizationOwnerBinding {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn from_context(context: &MutationContext) -> Self {
+        let owner = match &context.actor {
+            MutationActor::AdminSession { admin_user_id } => AuthorizationOwner::AdminSession {
+                admin_user_id: admin_user_id.clone(),
+            },
+            MutationActor::AdminApiKey => AuthorizationOwner::AdminApiKey,
+            MutationActor::System => AuthorizationOwner::System,
+        };
+        Self {
+            owner,
+            started_request_id: context.request_id.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn owner(&self) -> &AuthorizationOwner {
+        &self.owner
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn started_request_id(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.started_request_id
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn matches_context(&self, context: &MutationContext) -> bool {
+        Self::from_context(context).owner == self.owner
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for AuthorizationOwnerBinding {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("AuthorizationOwnerBinding([REDACTED])")
+    }
+}
+
+/// OAuth 完成时应创建新账号还是 CAS 更新既有 credential。
+///
+/// 重新授权只绑定稳定的账号身份：credential revision 由服务端在临近写入时读取，
+/// 长流程期间的后台刷新不得让恢复操作失效。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AuthorizationMutationTarget {
+    Create { name: String },
+    Reauthorize { account_id: ProviderAccountId },
+}
+
+/// 必须完整进入 Provider opaque pending payload、并在 complete 后原样恢复的事务信封。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct PendingAuthorizationMutation {
+    provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    target: AuthorizationMutationTarget,
+    owner_binding: AuthorizationOwnerBinding,
+}
+
+impl PendingAuthorizationMutation {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(
+        provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+        target: AuthorizationMutationTarget,
+        owner_binding: AuthorizationOwnerBinding,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            provider_kind,
+            target,
+            owner_binding,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn provider_kind(&self) -> &ProviderKind {
+        &self.provider_kind
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn target(&self) -> &AuthorizationMutationTarget {
+        &self.target
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn owner_binding(&self) -> &AuthorizationOwnerBinding {
+        &self.owner_binding
+    }
+}
+
+/// 启动 Provider OAuth Authorization Code 流程。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct StartAuthorization {
+    pub context: MutationContext,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub reauthorization: Option<ProviderAccountId>,
+}
+
+/// OAuth 流程启动结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AuthorizationStarted {
+    pub flow_id: String,
+    pub authorization_url: String,
+    pub expires_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+/// refresh/rotate/reauthorize 的 lease 或 completion 生命周期。
+///
+/// 该 guard 不可 Clone。Admin 只能在 Store CAS 与审计事务成功后调用 `finish`；失败路径直接
+/// drop，使 Provider 可以释放 lease 或执行补偿。
+pub trait CredentialCommitGuard: Send + 'static {
+    fn finish(self: Box<Self>);
+}
+
+/// OAuth pending claim 在 Store 事务结果确定后执行的显式结算动作。
+///
+/// OAuth provider 必须在 credential 准备阶段持有 claim：Store 提交成功后消费 flow，提交或
+/// 校验失败后释放 flow。异步结算不能依赖 `Drop`，否则请求提前返回会让同一授权流无谓地
+/// 进入短暂的不可重试状态。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait AuthorizationCommitGuard: Send + 'static {
+    /// Store 已提交 OAuth credential 后消费对应的一次性 flow。
+    async fn commit(self: Box<Self>) -> Result<(), AdminError>;
+
+    /// Store 未提交 OAuth credential 时释放 claim，允许同一 flow 重试。
+    async fn abort(self: Box<Self>) -> Result<(), AdminError>;
+}
+
+/// OAuth complete 后由 Provider 返回的准备结果；Store 仍是唯一提交者。
+pub enum PreparedAuthorizationCredential {
+    Create(PreparedCredentialCreate),
+    Reauthorize(PreparedCredentialRotation),
+}
+
+/// Provider 从 opaque pending payload 恢复的信封与已验证 credential 必须一起返回。
+pub struct PreparedAuthorizationCommit {
+    pub pending: PendingAuthorizationMutation,
+    pub credential: PreparedAuthorizationCredential,
+    authorization_guard: Option<Box<dyn AuthorizationCommitGuard>>,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for PreparedAuthorizationCommit {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("PreparedAuthorizationCommit")
+            .field("pending", &self.pending)
+            .field("credential", &"[PREPARED]")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Store 可持久化的 OAuth credential facts，不携带 Provider guard。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum AuthorizationCredentialCommit {
+    Create(PreparedCredentialCreate),
+    Reauthorize(PreparedCredentialRotationFacts),
+}
+
+/// Admin 交给 Store 的 OAuth 原子事务命令。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct AuthorizationCommit {
+    pub pending: PendingAuthorizationMutation,
+    pub credential: AuthorizationCredentialCommit,
+}
+
+/// OAuth 准备结果拆解后的 Store 命令与两个结算 guard。
+///
+/// Store 成功时先结束 credential guard，再消费 OAuth claim；失败时丢弃 credential guard 并
+/// 释放 OAuth claim，使同一授权流可以重试。
+pub(crate) struct AuthorizationCommitSettlement {
+    pub(crate) command: AuthorizationCommit,
+    pub(crate) credential_guard: Option<Box<dyn CredentialCommitGuard>>,
+    pub(crate) authorization_guard: Option<Box<dyn AuthorizationCommitGuard>>,
+}
+
+impl PreparedAuthorizationCommit {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        pending: PendingAuthorizationMutation,
+        credential: PreparedAuthorizationCredential,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            pending,
+            credential,
+            authorization_guard: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 让 OAuth claim 覆盖准备完成到 Store 事务结算之间的全部窗口。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_authorization_guard(mut self, guard: Box<dyn AuthorizationCommitGuard>) -> Self {
+        self.authorization_guard = Some(guard);
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn into_commit(self) -> AuthorizationCommitSettlement {
+        let (credential, guard) = match self.credential {
+            PreparedAuthorizationCredential::Create(credential) => {
+                (AuthorizationCredentialCommit::Create(credential), None)
+            }
+            PreparedAuthorizationCredential::Reauthorize(prepared) => {
+                let (facts, guard) = prepared.into_parts();
+                (
+                    AuthorizationCredentialCommit::Reauthorize(facts),
+                    Some(guard),
+                )
+            }
+        };
+        AuthorizationCommitSettlement {
+            command: AuthorizationCommit {
+                pending: self.pending,
+                credential,
+            },
+            credential_guard: guard,
+            authorization_guard: self.authorization_guard,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn abort(self) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+        let AuthorizationCommitSettlement {
+            credential_guard,
+            authorization_guard,
+            ..
+        } = self.into_commit();
+        drop(credential_guard);
+        if let Some(guard) = authorization_guard {
+            guard.abort().await?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 完成 Provider OAuth 流程。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CompleteAuthorization {
+    pub context: MutationContext,
+    pub flow_id: String,
+    pub callback_url: String,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for CompleteAuthorization {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("CompleteAuthorization")
+            .field("context", &self.context)
+            .field("flow_id", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .field("callback_url", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Credential 生命周期写操作。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CredentialMutation {
+    pub context: MutationContext,
+    pub account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+}
+
+/// Credential 写入提交结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CredentialMutationResult {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+    pub credential_revision: Option<Revision>,
+}
+
+/// 同一 Provider 管理范围内的 credential 批量删除。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CredentialDeletion {
+    pub context: MutationContext,
+    pub account_ids: Vec<ProviderAccountId>,
+}
+
+/// Credential 批量删除提交结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CredentialDeletionResult {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub account_ids: Vec<ProviderAccountId>,
+}
+
+/// Provider-owned token 轮换命令。
+pub struct RotateCredential {
+    pub mutation: CredentialMutation,
+    pub provider_material: ProviderDocument,
+}
+
+/// Provider 校验手工轮换材料时所需的非事务输入。
+pub struct PrepareCredentialRotation {
+    pub account: AccountRecord,
+    pub provider_material: ProviderDocument,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for PrepareCredentialRotation {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("PrepareCredentialRotation")
+            .field("account", &self.account)
+            .field("provider_material", &self.provider_material)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Provider 已验证、可由 Store 以 credential revision CAS 原子提交的轮换 facts。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct PreparedCredentialRotationFacts {
+    pub account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+    pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    pub expected_credential_revision: Revision,
+    pub replacement_identity: Option<ProviderAccountIdentity>,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub email: Option<String>,
+    pub plan_type: Option<String>,
+    pub provider_material: ProviderDocument,
+    pub has_refresh_token: bool,
+    pub access_token_expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub next_refresh_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+}
+
+/// Provider 返回的轮换准备结果；guard 必须覆盖后续 Store CAS 与审计事务。
+pub struct PreparedCredentialRotation {
+    facts: PreparedCredentialRotationFacts,
+    guard: Box<dyn CredentialCommitGuard>,
+}
+
+impl PreparedCredentialRotation {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        facts: PreparedCredentialRotationFacts,
+        guard: Box<dyn CredentialCommitGuard>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self { facts, guard }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn facts(&self) -> &PreparedCredentialRotationFacts {
+        &self.facts
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn into_parts(
+        self,
+    ) -> (
+        PreparedCredentialRotationFacts,
+        Box<dyn CredentialCommitGuard>,
+    ) {
+        (self.facts, self.guard)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for PreparedCredentialRotation {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("PreparedCredentialRotation")
+            .field("facts", &self.facts)
+            .field("guard", &"[COMPLETION-GUARD]")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Admin 交给 Store 的轮换或 refresh 事务命令。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct CredentialRotationCommit {
+    pub prepared: PreparedCredentialRotationFacts,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for RotateCredential {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("RotateCredential")
+            .field("mutation", &self.mutation)
+            .field("provider_material", &self.provider_material)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 通用账号用量能否可靠归属到一个 Provider quota 窗口。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum QuotaLocalUsageAttribution {
+    /// 窗口覆盖账号的全部请求，可按账号与时间范围聚合。
+    AccountWide,
+    /// 窗口需要 Provider / 模型级归属，通用账号聚合不可用。
+    Unavailable,
+}
+
+/// 一个 Provider quota 窗口的公共投影。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ProviderQuotaWindow {
+    pub key: String,
+    pub group: String,
+    pub label: String,
+    pub source: Option<String>,
+    pub local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution,
+    pub window_seconds: Option<u64>,
+    pub used_percent: Option<f64>,
+    pub reset_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub limit_reached: bool,
+    pub local_usage: Option<AccountUsage>,
+    pub provider_data: Option<ProviderDocument>,
+}
+
+/// Provider 解释 quota 所需的公共请求事实。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ProviderQuotaRequest {
+    pub account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+    pub refresh: bool,
+    pub rolling_usage: Option<AccountUsage>,
+}
+
+/// Provider 已解析的 quota 结果及其不透明差异字段。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ProviderQuota {
+    pub observed_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub refresh_token_expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub windows: Vec<ProviderQuotaWindow>,
+    /// 展示用快照级触顶事实（顶层或任一窗口触顶）；不参与账号五态派生。
+    pub limit_reached: bool,
+    pub provider_data: Option<ProviderDocument>,
+}
+
+impl ProviderQuota {
+    /// 返回账号展开面板使用的当前额度窗口用量。
+    ///
+    /// 只选择具备完整时间边界且可按账号归属的窗口；优先级与 Dashboard
+    /// 代表性额度窗口一致，同一优先级保持 Provider 投影顺序。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn representative_window_usage(&self) -> Option<&AccountUsage> {
+        self.windows
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|(_, window)| {
+                window.local_usage_attribution == QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide
+                    && window.window_seconds.is_some()
+                    && window.reset_at.is_some()
+                    && window.local_usage.is_some()
+            })
+            .min_by_key(|(index, window)| (quota_usage_priority(window), *index))
+            .and_then(|(_, window)| window.local_usage.as_ref())
+    }
+
+    /// 返回 Dashboard 使用的代表性额度比例。
+    ///
+    /// 优先使用短周期窗口，再依次使用周、月和其它窗口；同一优先级取较高的已用比例。
+    /// 这里只解释跨 Provider 共享的窗口语义，绝不读取 Provider 私有 JSON。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn representative_used_percent(&self) -> Option<f64> {
+        self.windows
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|window| {
+                let used_percent = window
+                    .used_percent
+                    .filter(|value| value.is_finite())
+                    .map(|value| value.clamp(0.0, 100.0))?;
+                Some((quota_usage_priority(window), used_percent))
+            })
+            .fold(None::<(u8, f64)>, |selected, candidate| match selected {
+                Some(current)
+                    if current.0 < candidate.0
+                        || (current.0 == candidate.0 && current.1 >= candidate.1) =>
+                {
+                    Some(current)
+                }
+                _ => Some(candidate),
+            })
+            .map(|(_, used_percent)| used_percent)
+    }
+}
+
+fn quota_usage_priority(window: &ProviderQuotaWindow) -> u8 {
+    match window.group.as_str() {
+        "shortTerm" if window.window_seconds.is_some_and(is_week_window) => 1,
+        "shortTerm" => 0,
+        "monthly" => 2,
+        _ => 3,
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_week_window(seconds: u64) -> bool {
+    const WEEK_SECONDS: u64 = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60;
+    seconds > 0 && seconds.abs_diff(WEEK_SECONDS) <= WEEK_SECONDS / 20
+}
+
+/// Provider 实时模型目录的一项。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ProviderModel {
+    pub id: UpstreamModelId,
+    pub name: String,
+}
+
+/// Provider 实时模型目录。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ProviderModels {
+    pub models: Vec<ProviderModel>,
+    pub observed_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+}
+
+/// Provider 执行 refresh 时所需的当前公共账号事实。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct PrepareCredentialRefresh {
+    pub account: AccountRecord,
+}
+
+/// Provider 敏感导出结果。
+pub struct ProviderExport {
+    pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    pub account_ids: Vec<ProviderAccountId>,
+    pub document: ProviderDocument,
+}
+
+/// Store 为 Provider 导出序列化准备的最小输入；material 对公共层保持不透明。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ProviderExportCredentialInput {
+    pub account: AccountRecord,
+    pub provider_material: ProviderDocument,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for ProviderExport {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("ProviderExport")
+            .field("provider_kind", &self.provider_kind)
+            .field("account_ids", &self.account_ids)
+            .field("document", &self.document)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 统一账号目录的一行完整结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct AccountDirectoryItem {
+    pub account: AccountRecord,
+    pub projection: gateway_core::engine::credential::AccountStatusProjection,
+    pub usage: Option<super::accounts::AccountUsage>,
+    pub quota: ProviderQuota,
+}
+
+/// 统一账号目录页。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct AccountDirectoryPage {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub items: Vec<AccountDirectoryItem>,
+    pub total: u64,
+    pub summary: AccountSummary,
+}
+
+/// 凭据刷新提交后的完整账号结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct AccountRefreshResult {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub account: AccountDirectoryItem,
+}
+
+/// 多 Provider 导出文档集合。
+pub struct AccountExportBundle {
+    pub exported_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub documents: Vec<ProviderExport>,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for AccountExportBundle {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("AccountExportBundle")
+            .field("exported_at", &self.exported_at)
+            .field("document_count", &self.documents.len())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+//! Runtime settings 与明文管理员 API Key 的语义模型。
+
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, fmt};
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+
+use gateway_core::routing::{PublicModelId, UpstreamModelId};
+
+use super::Revision;
+
+/// 客户端模型到上游模型的全局精确映射。
+pub type ModelMappings = BTreeMap<PublicModelId, UpstreamModelId>;
+
+/// 账号调度策略；由 Core 拥有稳定值与 wire 映射。
+pub use gateway_core::engine::credential::RotationStrategy;
+
+/// 完整运行设置事实。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct RuntimeSettings {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub model_mappings: ModelMappings,
+    pub refresh_margin_seconds: u64,
+    pub refresh_concurrency: u32,
+    pub max_concurrent_per_account: u32,
+    pub request_interval_ms: u64,
+    pub rotation_strategy: RotationStrategy,
+    pub usage_retention_days: u32,
+    pub ops_event_retention_days: u32,
+    pub audit_retention_days: u32,
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+/// 原子替换运行设置的命令。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ReplaceRuntimeSettings {
+    pub model_mappings: ModelMappings,
+    pub refresh_margin_seconds: u64,
+    pub refresh_concurrency: u32,
+    pub max_concurrent_per_account: u32,
+    pub request_interval_ms: u64,
+    pub rotation_strategy: RotationStrategy,
+    pub usage_retention_days: u32,
+    pub ops_event_retention_days: u32,
+    pub audit_retention_days: u32,
+}
+
+/// 明文管理员 API Key；按产品约束明文落库，但禁止 Debug 泄漏。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AdminApiKey(String);
+
+impl AdminApiKey {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(value: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self(value.into())
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn expose_for_auth(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.0
+    }
+
+    /// 仅供显式 regenerate 响应读取一次。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn expose_for_response(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for AdminApiKey {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("AdminApiKey([REDACTED])")
+    }
+}
+
+/// 管理员 API Key 更新结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AdminApiKeyMutation {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub exists: bool,
+}
+
+/// 新管理员 API Key 的一次性返回结果。
+pub struct RegeneratedAdminApiKey {
+    pub mutation: AdminApiKeyMutation,
+    pub key: AdminApiKey,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for RegeneratedAdminApiKey {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("RegeneratedAdminApiKey")
+            .field("mutation", &self.mutation)
+            .field("key", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+//! 版本、自更新、回滚与进程重启的 UTC 语义模型。
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+
+/// 当前运行版本及更新检查摘要。
+///
+/// `deployment_mode_label` 之类的本地化字符串由 API 根据原始枚举值生成。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SystemVersion {
+    pub version: String,
+    pub git_sha: String,
+    pub build_time: String,
+    pub deployment_mode: String,
+    pub update_channel: String,
+    pub latest_version: String,
+    pub has_update: bool,
+    pub update_cached: bool,
+    pub update_warning: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// 发布源提供的完整更新详情。
+///
+/// 部署模式与构建类型的展示标签归 API；其余字段均为 Host 已确认的原始事实。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SystemUpdateDetail {
+    pub current_version: String,
+    pub latest_version: String,
+    pub has_update: bool,
+    pub deployment_mode: String,
+    pub build_type: String,
+    pub release_url: Option<String>,
+    pub notes: Option<String>,
+    pub cached: bool,
+    pub update_supported: bool,
+    pub unsupported_reason: Option<String>,
+    pub warning: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// 系统操作类型。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SystemOperationKind {
+    Update,
+    Rollback,
+    Restart,
+}
+
+/// 系统操作状态。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SystemOperationStatus {
+    Idle,
+    Running,
+    Succeeded,
+    Failed,
+}
+
+/// 持久化系统操作的完整状态。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SystemOperationState {
+    pub operation_id: Option<String>,
+    pub kind: Option<SystemOperationKind>,
+    pub status: SystemOperationStatus,
+    pub target_version: Option<String>,
+    pub message: Option<String>,
+    pub error: Option<String>,
+    pub started_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub finished_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+}
+
+/// 最近一次系统操作及版本交换状态。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SystemUpdateStatus {
+    pub previous_version: Option<String>,
+    pub current_version: Option<String>,
+    pub operation: SystemOperationState,
+}
+
+/// 自更新日志级别。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SystemUpdateEventLevel {
+    Info,
+    Warning,
+    Success,
+    Error,
+}
+
+/// 一条已脱敏的系统更新事件。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SystemUpdateEvent {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub operation_id: Option<String>,
+    pub level: SystemUpdateEventLevel,
+    pub step: Option<String>,
+    pub message: String,
+    pub terminal: bool,
+    pub progress_percent: Option<u8>,
+    pub occurred_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+/// 已受理的异步系统操作；不同 wire shape 由枚举保持为合法状态。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SystemOperationAccepted {
+    Update {
+        operation_id: String,
+        deployment_mode: String,
+        message: String,
+        need_restart: bool,
+        target_version: String,
+    },
+    Rollback {
+        operation_id: String,
+        message: String,
+        need_restart: bool,
+    },
+    Restart {
+        operation_id: String,
+        message: String,
+    },
+}
+
+impl SystemOperationAccepted {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn kind(&self) -> SystemOperationKind {
+        match self {
+            Self::Update { .. } => SystemOperationKind::Update,
+            Self::Rollback { .. } => SystemOperationKind::Rollback,
+            Self::Restart { .. } => SystemOperationKind::Restart,
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+//! 备份控制面所需的持久化与基础设施能力。
+//!
+//! 端口方法只接受/返回领域类型与既有错误体系：`BackupRepository` 复用
+//! `AdminStoreError`；`DatabaseDumpPort` 与 `BackupObjectStorePort` 返回只携带稳定
+//! 错误码的 [`BackupError`]。`gateway-store` 实现全部端口；`gateway-admin` 拥有
+//! 状态机、Cron、保留策略与 BackupTask 算法。
+
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+
+use crate::model::Revision;
+use crate::model::{
+    MutationContext,
+    backup::{
+        BackupError, BackupObjectMetadata, BackupRecord, BackupRecordListQuery, BackupRecordPage,
+        BackupRecordSeed, BackupSettings, BackupStatus, BackupStorageConfig, ConnectionTestResult,
+        UpdateBackupScheduleCommand, UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+    },
+};
+use crate::ports::store::AdminStoreResult;
+
+/// Worker 状态迁移携带的字段更新；`None` 字段不写入。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct StatusTransitionUpdate {
+    pub size_bytes: Option<u64>,
+    pub sha256: Option<String>,
+    pub error_code: Option<String>,
+    pub error_message: Option<String>,
+    pub completed_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+}
+
+/// 备份配置、任务与计划游标的 PostgreSQL 仓储端口。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait BackupRepository: Send + Sync {
+    /// 读取完整设置（含 Secret）。
+    async fn load_settings(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupSettings>;
+
+    /// 同事务更新 S3 存储配置、递增 revision、清空验证状态并写审计事件。
+    ///
+    /// 已有记录时禁止切换 endpoint/region/bucket/path-style（存储身份锁定）。
+    /// 返回更新后的设置与新的全局 `config_revision`。
+    async fn update_storage_settings(
+        &self,
+        command: UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(BackupSettings, Revision)>;
+
+    /// 同事务更新调度配置、推进计划游标并写审计事件。
+    async fn update_schedule_settings(
+        &self,
+        command: UpdateBackupScheduleCommand,
+        next_run_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupSettings>;
+
+    /// CAS 记录探针成功；`storage_revision` 与当前配置不一致时丢弃结果（返回 `false`）。
+    async fn record_verification(
+        &self,
+        storage_revision: u64,
+        at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool>;
+
+    /// 插入 queued 任务；存在活跃任务时返回 `backup.active_task_conflict`。
+    async fn insert_backup_record(&self, seed: BackupRecordSeed) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupRecord>;
+
+    /// 幂等插入 scheduled 任务；同一时间点或活跃冲突时返回 `false`（调用方推进游标即可）。
+    async fn insert_scheduled_record(&self, seed: BackupRecordSeed) -> AdminStoreResult<bool>;
+
+    /// 分页查询记录。
+    async fn list_backup_records(
+        &self,
+        query: BackupRecordListQuery,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupRecordPage>;
+
+    /// 读取单条记录。
+    async fn load_backup_record(&self, id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>>;
+
+    /// 读取中间状态记录（dumping/uploading），供启动恢复。
+    async fn list_intermediate_records(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>>;
+
+    /// 读取等待完成墓碑的记录（status = deleting）。
+    async fn list_pending_deletions(&self, limit: u32) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>>;
+
+    /// 读取 `expires_at` 已到期且非活跃的记录（completed/failed），供保留清理。
+    async fn list_expired_records(&self, limit: u32) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>>;
+
+    /// 原子领取最旧的 queued 任务并迁移到 dumping；无任务返回 `None`。
+    async fn claim_next_queued(&self, now: DateTime<Utc>)
+    -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>>;
+
+    /// 条件迁移状态：要求当前状态一致；不匹配返回 `None`。
+    async fn transition_status(
+        &self,
+        id: &str,
+        from: BackupStatus,
+        to: BackupStatus,
+        update: StatusTransitionUpdate,
+        now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>>;
+
+    /// 迁移到删除流程（completed/failed → deleting）；供管理员与保留策略调用。
+    async fn transition_to_deleting(
+        &self,
+        id: &str,
+        now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>>;
+
+    /// 远端删除成功后硬删除记录行。
+    async fn delete_record(&self, id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<()>;
+
+    /// 条件推进计划游标；仅当计划表达式和时区仍是 `expected_*` 时才写入，返回是否推进。
+    async fn advance_schedule_cursor(
+        &self,
+        next_run_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+        expected_cron: &str,
+        expected_timezone: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool>;
+
+    /// 按完成时间倒序读取 completed 计划备份，供保留策略扫描（最多 `limit` 条）。
+    async fn list_scheduled_completed_desc(
+        &self,
+        limit: u32,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>>;
+}
+
+/// `pg_dump` 导出与本地暂存端口。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait DatabaseDumpPort: Send + Sync {
+    /// 创建归档；完成后原子落盘。取消时终止子进程并清理部分文件。
+    async fn dump(&self, request: DumpRequest) -> Result<DumpArtifact, BackupError>;
+
+    /// 检查暂存目录是否存在完整归档。
+    async fn inspect_staging(&self, backup_id: &str)
+    -> Result<Option<StagedArtifact>, BackupError>;
+
+    /// 清理暂存目录中该备份的全部文件。
+    async fn cleanup_staging(&self, backup_id: &str) -> Result<(), BackupError>;
+}
+
+/// 一次 `pg_dump` 请求。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DumpRequest {
+    pub backup_id: String,
+    pub cancellation: gateway_core::engine::CancellationToken,
+}
+
+/// 已完成并落盘的归档事实。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct DumpArtifact {
+    pub path: PathBuf,
+    pub size_bytes: u64,
+    pub sha256: String,
+}
+
+/// 暂存目录中已存在的完整归档。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct StagedArtifact {
+    pub path: PathBuf,
+    pub size_bytes: u64,
+    pub sha256: String,
+}
+
+/// S3 兼容对象存储适配器端口。
+///
+/// 方法接受已经校验的存储配置；SDK client 的构造与缓存属于 adapter 实现细节。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait BackupObjectStorePort: Send + Sync {
+    /// 对专用探针对象执行 Put/Head/Get/Delete。
+    async fn test_connection(
+        &self,
+        config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+    ) -> Result<ConnectionTestResult, BackupError>;
+
+    /// 分片流式上传本地归档；取消时中止 multipart 并返回 `backup.cancelled`。
+    async fn upload_file(
+        &self,
+        config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        request: UploadObjectRequest,
+    ) -> Result<(), BackupError>;
+
+    /// 读取对象大小与 metadata；对象不存在返回 `Ok(None)`。
+    async fn head_object(
+        &self,
+        config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        object_key: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<BackupObjectMetadata>, BackupError>;
+
+    /// 删除对象；对象不存在视为成功。
+    async fn delete_object(
+        &self,
+        config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        object_key: &str,
+    ) -> Result<(), BackupError>;
+
+    /// 创建短时预签名下载 URL。
+    async fn presigned_download(
+        &self,
+        config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        object_key: &str,
+        file_name: &str,
+        ttl: Duration,
+    ) -> Result<String, BackupError>;
+}
+
+/// 一次对象上传请求。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct UploadObjectRequest {
+    pub object_key: String,
+    pub source: PathBuf,
+    pub metadata: BackupObjectMetadata,
+    pub cancellation: gateway_core::engine::CancellationToken,
+}
+
+/// 备份控制面所需的全部 Store 能力集合。
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BackupStorePorts {
+    repository: Arc<dyn BackupRepository>,
+    dump: Arc<dyn DatabaseDumpPort>,
+    object_store: Arc<dyn BackupObjectStorePort>,
+}
+
+impl BackupStorePorts {
+    /// 组合备份端口。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        repository: Arc<dyn BackupRepository>,
+        dump: Arc<dyn DatabaseDumpPort>,
+        object_store: Arc<dyn BackupObjectStorePort>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            repository,
+            dump,
+            object_store,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 备份任务/配置仓储。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn repository(&self) -> Arc<dyn BackupRepository> {
+        self.repository.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// `pg_dump` 导出与暂存。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn dump(&self) -> Arc<dyn DatabaseDumpPort> {
+        self.dump.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// S3/R2 对象存储适配器。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn object_store(&self) -> Arc<dyn BackupObjectStorePort> {
+        self.object_store.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// 测试与不可用路径使用的空实现；任何调用都返回不可用错误。
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn disabled() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            repository: Arc::new(UnavailableBackupRepository),
+            dump: Arc::new(UnavailableDumpPort),
+            object_store: Arc::new(UnavailableObjectStore),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct UnavailableBackupRepository;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl BackupRepository for UnavailableBackupRepository {
+    async fn load_settings(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupSettings> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn update_storage_settings(
+        &self,
+        _command: UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+        _context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(BackupSettings, Revision)> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn update_schedule_settings(
+        &self,
+        _command: UpdateBackupScheduleCommand,
+        _next_run_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+        _context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupSettings> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn record_verification(
+        &self,
+        _storage_revision: u64,
+        _at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn insert_backup_record(
+        &self,
+        _seed: BackupRecordSeed,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupRecord> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn insert_scheduled_record(&self, _seed: BackupRecordSeed) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn list_backup_records(
+        &self,
+        _query: BackupRecordListQuery,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupRecordPage> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn load_backup_record(&self, _id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn list_intermediate_records(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn list_pending_deletions(&self, _limit: u32) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn list_expired_records(&self, _limit: u32) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn claim_next_queued(
+        &self,
+        _now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn transition_status(
+        &self,
+        _id: &str,
+        _from: BackupStatus,
+        _to: BackupStatus,
+        _update: StatusTransitionUpdate,
+        _now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn transition_to_deleting(
+        &self,
+        _id: &str,
+        _now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn delete_record(&self, _id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn advance_schedule_cursor(
+        &self,
+        _next_run_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+        _expected_cron: &str,
+        _expected_timezone: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn list_scheduled_completed_desc(
+        &self,
+        _limit: u32,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+}
+
+struct UnavailableDumpPort;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl DatabaseDumpPort for UnavailableDumpPort {
+    async fn dump(&self, _request: DumpRequest) -> Result<DumpArtifact, BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+    async fn inspect_staging(
+        &self,
+        _backup_id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<StagedArtifact>, BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+    async fn cleanup_staging(&self, _backup_id: &str) -> Result<(), BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+}
+
+struct UnavailableObjectStore;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl BackupObjectStorePort for UnavailableObjectStore {
+    async fn test_connection(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+    ) -> Result<ConnectionTestResult, BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+    async fn upload_file(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        _request: UploadObjectRequest,
+    ) -> Result<(), BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+    async fn head_object(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        _object_key: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<BackupObjectMetadata>, BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+    async fn delete_object(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        _object_key: &str,
+    ) -> Result<(), BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+    async fn presigned_download(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        _object_key: &str,
+        _file_name: &str,
+        _ttl: std::time::Duration,
+    ) -> Result<String, BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+}
+
+fn disabled_store() -> crate::ports::store::AdminStoreError {
+    crate::ports::store::AdminStoreError::new(
+        crate::ports::store::AdminStoreErrorKind::Unavailable,
+        "backup",
+        "backup store is disabled in this configuration",
+    )
+}
+
+fn disabled_infra() -> BackupError {
+    BackupError::new(
+        crate::model::backup::code::STORE_UNAVAILABLE,
+        "backup infrastructure is disabled in this configuration".to_owned(),
+    )
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//! 管理用例依赖的外部能力端口。
+
+pub mod backup;
+pub mod provider;
+pub mod store;
+pub mod system;
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+//! Provider 管理能力与动态注册表。
+
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use gateway_core::{
+    engine::credential::ProviderAccountId,
+    operation::Operation,
+    routing::{ProviderKind, UpstreamModelId},
+};
+
+use crate::model::observability::{
+    CalculatedBillingBreakdown, DashboardWireProfile, ProviderBillingInput,
+};
+use crate::model::provider_credentials::{
+    AuthorizationStarted, CompleteAuthorization, PendingAuthorizationMutation,
+    PrepareCredentialImport, PrepareCredentialRefresh, PrepareCredentialRotation,
+    PreparedAuthorizationCommit, PreparedCredentialImport, PreparedCredentialRotation,
+    ProviderExport, ProviderExportCredentialInput, ProviderModels, ProviderQuota,
+    ProviderQuotaRequest,
+};
+
+/// Provider 管理失败的稳定分类。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ProviderAdminErrorKind {
+    Invalid,
+    Unsupported,
+    NotFound,
+    Conflict,
+    Unavailable,
+    Internal,
+}
+
+/// 不泄漏 OAuth material 与 Provider 响应体的管理错误。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("provider admin operation failed: {kind:?}")]
+pub struct ProviderAdminError {
+    kind: ProviderAdminErrorKind,
+}
+
+impl ProviderAdminError {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(kind: ProviderAdminErrorKind) -> Self {
+        Self { kind }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn kind(&self) -> ProviderAdminErrorKind {
+        self.kind
+    }
+}
+
+/// 一个具体 Provider 对管理控制面提供的解析、验证、上游交互与运行时资源回收能力。
+///
+/// 数据变更由 Provider 返回 prepared facts；config revision、审计与 PostgreSQL 事务
+/// 全部由 [`crate::ports::store::AccountStore`] 提交。运行时资源通知只在事务成功后发生。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait ProviderAdmin: Send + Sync {
+    fn provider_kind(&self) -> &ProviderKind;
+
+    /// 账号已经由控制面提交为不可调度状态，释放 Provider 持有的账号级运行时资源。
+    ///
+    /// 无账号级运行时资源的 Provider 不需要执行额外操作。该通知发生在 Store 事务
+    /// 成功之后，不参与事务成败，也不得恢复或改写已经提交的账号状态。
+    async fn account_unavailable(&self, account_id: &ProviderAccountId);
+
+    /// 账号资格事实已经由控制面提交，失效 Provider 持有的可重建派生状态。
+    ///
+    /// 该通知发生在 Store 事务成功之后、下一份 RuntimeSnapshot 编译之前；通知
+    /// 不参与已提交事务成败。没有账号派生状态的 Provider 可使用默认空实现。
+    async fn account_facts_changed(&self, _account_ids: &[ProviderAccountId]) {}
+
+    /// 生成一次连接测试所需的 Provider-owned operation；Core 负责实际执行与落账。
+    fn connection_test_operation(
+        &self,
+        upstream_model: &UpstreamModelId,
+        input_text: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Operation, ProviderAdminError>;
+
+    /// 返回该 Provider 实际持有的 Dashboard 上游身份画像。
+    fn dashboard_wire_profile(&self) -> Option<DashboardWireProfile>;
+
+    /// 使用 Provider-owned 价格规则恢复持久请求的逐项费用。
+    fn calculated_billing(
+        &self,
+        input: &ProviderBillingInput,
+    ) -> Result<Option<CalculatedBillingBreakdown>, ProviderAdminError>;
+
+    async fn prepare_import(
+        &self,
+        command: PrepareCredentialImport,
+    ) -> Result<PreparedCredentialImport, ProviderAdminError>;
+
+    async fn start_authorization(
+        &self,
+        pending: PendingAuthorizationMutation,
+    ) -> Result<AuthorizationStarted, ProviderAdminError>;
+
+    async fn complete_authorization(
+        &self,
+        command: CompleteAuthorization,
+    ) -> Result<PreparedAuthorizationCommit, ProviderAdminError>;
+
+    async fn prepare_rotation(
+        &self,
+        command: PrepareCredentialRotation,
+    ) -> Result<PreparedCredentialRotation, ProviderAdminError>;
+
+    async fn prepare_refresh(
+        &self,
+        command: PrepareCredentialRefresh,
+    ) -> Result<PreparedCredentialRotation, ProviderAdminError>;
+
+    async fn quota(
+        &self,
+        request: ProviderQuotaRequest,
+    ) -> Result<ProviderQuota, ProviderAdminError>;
+
+    async fn models(
+        &self,
+        account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+        refresh: bool,
+    ) -> Result<ProviderModels, ProviderAdminError>;
+
+    async fn export_credentials(
+        &self,
+        credentials: Vec<ProviderExportCredentialInput>,
+    ) -> Result<ProviderExport, ProviderAdminError>;
+}
+
+/// 按 ProviderKind 动态发现管理能力；不含具体 Provider 分支。
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ProviderAdminRegistry {
+    providers: Arc<BTreeMap<ProviderKind, Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin>>>,
+}
+
+impl ProviderAdminRegistry {
+    /// 创建无重复 ProviderKind 的注册表。
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// 重复注册同一 ProviderKind 时返回 Conflict。
+    pub fn new(
+        providers: impl IntoIterator<Item = Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin>>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, ProviderAdminError> {
+        let mut registered = BTreeMap::new();
+        for provider in providers {
+            let kind = provider.provider_kind().clone();
+            if registered.insert(kind, provider).is_some() {
+                return Err(ProviderAdminError::new(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Conflict));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(Self {
+            providers: Arc::new(registered),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn require(
+        &self,
+        provider_kind: &ProviderKind,
+    ) -> Result<Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin>, ProviderAdminError> {
+        self.providers
+            .get(provider_kind)
+            .cloned()
+            .ok_or_else(|| ProviderAdminError::new(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unsupported))
+    }
+
+    /// 返回所有已注册 Provider 的 Dashboard 上游身份画像。
+    pub fn dashboard_wire_profiles(&self) -> Vec<DashboardWireProfile> {
+        self.providers
+            .values()
+            .filter_map(|provider| provider.dashboard_wire_profile())
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    /// 动态分派 Provider-owned 费用规则，不含任何具体 Provider 分支。
+    pub fn calculated_billing(
+        &self,
+        provider_kind: &ProviderKind,
+        input: &ProviderBillingInput,
+    ) -> Result<Option<CalculatedBillingBreakdown>, ProviderAdminError> {
+        self.require(provider_kind)?.calculated_billing(input)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+//! 管理控制面所需的持久化能力。
+//!
+//! 端口按业务资源拆分，方法使用领域模型，不暴露连接池、事务或 Redis client。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+
+use super::backup::BackupStorePorts;
+use crate::model::{
+    MutationContext, Revision,
+    account_groups::{
+        AccountGroupListQuery, AccountGroupMutation, AccountGroupPage, DeleteAccountGroup,
+        NewAccountGroup, SetAccountGroupEnabled, UpdateAccountGroup,
+    },
+    accounts::{
+        AccountListQuery, AccountPage, AccountPageItem, AccountUpdateResult, AccountUsage,
+        AccountUsageWindowQuery, AccountUsageWindowResult, AccountsUpdateResult,
+        BatchUpdateAccounts, DeleteAccounts, UpdateAccount,
+    },
+    auth::{AdminAuditEvent, AdminSession},
+    client_keys::{
+        ClientKeyListQuery, ClientKeyPage, ClientKeyRecord, ClientKeySecret, DeleteClientKey,
+        NewClientKey, SetClientKeyEnabled, UpdateClientKey,
+    },
+    observability::{
+        DashboardObservation, DashboardRuntimeSlots, DiagnosticDimension, DiagnosticObservation,
+        OpsErrorPage, OpsErrorQuery, RequestMetricPoint, TimeRange, UsageCalculatedBillingFact,
+        UsageDetail, UsageFilter, UsageOverview, UsagePage, UsageQuery,
+    },
+    provider_credentials::{
+        AuthorizationCommit, CredentialDetails, CredentialImportCommit, CredentialImportResult,
+        CredentialListQuery, CredentialMutationResult, CredentialPage, CredentialRotationCommit,
+        ProviderExportCredentialInput,
+    },
+    settings::{AdminApiKey, AdminApiKeyMutation, ReplaceRuntimeSettings, RuntimeSettings},
+};
+
+/// 管理端可判定的持久化失败类型。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AdminStoreErrorKind {
+    Invalid,
+    NotFound,
+    StaleRevision,
+    Conflict,
+    Unavailable,
+}
+
+/// 隐藏数据库实现细节的持久化错误。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("{resource} store operation failed: {message}")]
+pub struct AdminStoreError {
+    kind: AdminStoreErrorKind,
+    resource: &'static str,
+    message: String,
+}
+
+impl AdminStoreError {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        kind: AdminStoreErrorKind,
+        resource: &'static str,
+        message: impl Into<String>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind,
+            resource,
+            message: message.into(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn kind(&self) -> AdminStoreErrorKind {
+        self.kind
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn resource(&self) -> &'static str {
+        self.resource
+    }
+}
+
+pub type AdminStoreResult<T> = Result<T, AdminStoreError>;
+
+/// 账号目录与公共账号写操作。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait AccountStore: Send + Sync {
+    async fn list_accounts(&self, query: AccountListQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountPage>;
+
+    async fn load_account(&self, account_id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AccountPageItem>>;
+
+    async fn load_account_usage(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        account_ids: &[String],
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<AccountUsage>>;
+
+    async fn load_account_usage_by_windows(
+        &self,
+        windows: &[AccountUsageWindowQuery],
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<AccountUsageWindowResult>>;
+
+    async fn list_credentials(
+        &self,
+        provider_kind: &gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind,
+        query: CredentialListQuery,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<CredentialPage>;
+
+    async fn credential_details(
+        &self,
+        provider_kind: &gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind,
+        account_id: &gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<CredentialDetails>>;
+
+    async fn load_credentials_for_export(
+        &self,
+        provider_kind: &gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind,
+        account_ids: &[gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId],
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<ProviderExportCredentialInput>>;
+
+    async fn commit_credential_import(
+        &self,
+        command: CredentialImportCommit,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<CredentialImportResult>;
+
+    async fn commit_authorization(
+        &self,
+        command: AuthorizationCommit,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<CredentialMutationResult>;
+
+    async fn commit_credential_rotation(
+        &self,
+        command: CredentialRotationCommit,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<CredentialMutationResult>;
+
+    async fn commit_credential_refresh(
+        &self,
+        command: CredentialRotationCommit,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<CredentialMutationResult>;
+
+    async fn update_account(
+        &self,
+        command: UpdateAccount,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountUpdateResult>;
+
+    async fn recover_account(
+        &self,
+        account_id: &gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountUpdateResult>;
+
+    async fn batch_update_accounts(
+        &self,
+        command: BatchUpdateAccounts,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountsUpdateResult>;
+
+    async fn delete_accounts(
+        &self,
+        command: DeleteAccounts,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Revision>;
+
+    async fn record_credential_export(
+        &self,
+        account_ids: &[gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId],
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<()>;
+}
+
+/// 管理员密码、会话和安全审计。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait AuthStore: Send + Sync {
+    async fn load_password_hash(&self, admin_user_id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<String>>;
+
+    async fn create_password_hash_if_absent(
+        &self,
+        admin_user_id: &str,
+        password_hash: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool>;
+
+    async fn load_admin_api_key(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AdminApiKey>>;
+
+    async fn load_session(&self, session_id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AdminSession>>;
+
+    async fn store_session(&self, session_id: &str, session: &AdminSession)
+    -> AdminStoreResult<()>;
+
+    async fn delete_session(&self, session_id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AdminSession>>;
+
+    async fn append_audit_event(&self, event: AdminAuditEvent) -> AdminStoreResult<()>;
+}
+
+/// Client API Key 管理写入。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait ClientKeyStore: Send + Sync {
+    async fn list_client_keys(&self, query: ClientKeyListQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<ClientKeyPage>;
+
+    async fn reveal_client_key(
+        &self,
+        id: &gateway_core::policy::ClientApiKeyId,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<ClientKeySecret>>;
+
+    async fn create_client_key(
+        &self,
+        command: NewClientKey,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(Revision, ClientKeyRecord)>;
+
+    async fn update_client_key(
+        &self,
+        command: UpdateClientKey,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(Revision, ClientKeyRecord)>;
+
+    async fn set_client_key_enabled(
+        &self,
+        command: SetClientKeyEnabled,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(Revision, ClientKeyRecord)>;
+
+    async fn delete_client_key(
+        &self,
+        command: DeleteClientKey,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Revision>;
+}
+
+/// Provider-neutral account group management transactions.
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait AccountGroupStore: Send + Sync {
+    async fn list_account_groups(
+        &self,
+        query: AccountGroupListQuery,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupPage>;
+
+    async fn create_account_group(
+        &self,
+        command: NewAccountGroup,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation>;
+
+    async fn update_account_group(
+        &self,
+        command: UpdateAccountGroup,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation>;
+
+    async fn set_account_group_enabled(
+        &self,
+        command: SetAccountGroupEnabled,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation>;
+
+    async fn delete_account_group(
+        &self,
+        command: DeleteAccountGroup,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation>;
+}
+
+/// 用量、趋势、诊断与运维错误的只读能力。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait ObservabilityStore: Send + Sync {
+    /// 返回历史统计区间和指定观测时刻下的实时账号状态。
+    async fn dashboard_summary(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<DashboardObservation>;
+
+    /// 返回 Dashboard 可选的实时槽位事实。
+    ///
+    /// 该状态来自可丢失的运行时存储；无实现或运行时存储不可用时返回 `None`，不影响
+    /// 持久观测数据的读取。
+    async fn dashboard_runtime_slots(
+        &self,
+        _observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<DashboardRuntimeSlots>> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
+    async fn dashboard_trend(&self, range: TimeRange) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<RequestMetricPoint>>;
+
+    async fn usage_trend(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        filter: UsageFilter,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<RequestMetricPoint>>;
+
+    /// 返回可由 Provider 重新校验的已计算费用事实，用于恢复标准费用趋势。
+    async fn usage_calculated_billing_facts(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        filter: UsageFilter,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<UsageCalculatedBillingFact>>;
+
+    async fn list_usage_records(&self, query: UsageQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<UsagePage>;
+
+    async fn usage_record_detail(&self, request_id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<UsageDetail>;
+
+    async fn usage_summary(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        filter: UsageFilter,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<UsageOverview>;
+
+    async fn usage_diagnostics(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        filter: UsageFilter,
+        dimension: DiagnosticDimension,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<DiagnosticObservation>>;
+
+    async fn list_ops_errors(&self, query: OpsErrorQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<OpsErrorPage>;
+}
+
+/// Runtime settings 与管理员 API Key 写入。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait SettingsStore: Send + Sync {
+    async fn load_runtime_settings(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<RuntimeSettings>;
+
+    async fn admin_api_key_exists(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<bool>;
+
+    async fn replace_runtime_settings(
+        &self,
+        command: ReplaceRuntimeSettings,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<RuntimeSettings>;
+
+    async fn replace_admin_api_key(
+        &self,
+        key: AdminApiKey,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation>;
+
+    async fn delete_admin_api_key(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation>;
+}
+
+/// 管理用例所需能力的封闭集合。
+///
+/// 字段保持私有，每个 getter 只交出一种明确能力。该类型不提供通用拆包入口。
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct AdminStorePorts {
+    accounts: Arc<dyn AccountStore>,
+    account_groups: Arc<dyn AccountGroupStore>,
+    auth: Arc<dyn AuthStore>,
+    client_keys: Arc<dyn ClientKeyStore>,
+    observability: Arc<dyn ObservabilityStore>,
+    settings: Arc<dyn SettingsStore>,
+    backup: BackupStorePorts,
+}
+
+impl AdminStorePorts {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        accounts: Arc<dyn AccountStore>,
+        account_groups: Arc<dyn AccountGroupStore>,
+        auth: Arc<dyn AuthStore>,
+        client_keys: Arc<dyn ClientKeyStore>,
+        observability: Arc<dyn ObservabilityStore>,
+        settings: Arc<dyn SettingsStore>,
+        backup: BackupStorePorts,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            accounts,
+            account_groups,
+            auth,
+            client_keys,
+            observability,
+            settings,
+            backup,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn accounts(&self) -> Arc<dyn AccountStore> {
+        self.accounts.clone()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn account_groups(&self) -> Arc<dyn AccountGroupStore> {
+        self.account_groups.clone()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn auth(&self) -> Arc<dyn AuthStore> {
+        self.auth.clone()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn client_keys(&self) -> Arc<dyn ClientKeyStore> {
+        self.client_keys.clone()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn observability(&self) -> Arc<dyn ObservabilityStore> {
+        self.observability.clone()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn settings(&self) -> Arc<dyn SettingsStore> {
+        self.settings.clone()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn backup(&self) -> BackupStorePorts {
+        self.backup.clone()
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+//! Host 为系统管理用例提供的进程与操作系统能力。
+
+use std::pin::Pin;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use futures::Stream;
+
+use crate::model::system::{
+    SystemOperationAccepted, SystemUpdateDetail, SystemUpdateEvent, SystemUpdateStatus,
+    SystemVersion,
+};
+
+/// Host 系统操作失败类型。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SystemOperationErrorKind {
+    Invalid,
+    Conflict,
+    Upstream,
+    Internal,
+}
+
+/// 不泄漏路径、命令行或发布凭据的系统操作错误。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("system operation failed: {message}")]
+pub struct SystemOperationError {
+    kind: SystemOperationErrorKind,
+    message: String,
+}
+
+impl SystemOperationError {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(kind: SystemOperationErrorKind, message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind,
+            message: message.into(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn kind(&self) -> SystemOperationErrorKind {
+        self.kind
+    }
+
+    /// 返回 Host 已完成脱敏的客户端安全消息。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn message(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.message
+    }
+}
+
+/// 每个订阅者独占的系统事件流。
+pub type SystemUpdateEventStream = Pin<Box<dyn Stream<Item = SystemUpdateEvent> + Send + 'static>>;
+
+/// 版本、自更新、回滚和重启能力；实现唯一归 gateway-host。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait SystemOperations: Send + Sync {
+    async fn version(&self) -> Result<SystemVersion, SystemOperationError>;
+
+    async fn update_detail(
+        &self,
+        refresh: bool,
+    ) -> Result<SystemUpdateDetail, SystemOperationError>;
+
+    fn update_events(&self) -> SystemUpdateEventStream;
+
+    async fn perform_update(
+        &self,
+        target_version: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, SystemOperationError>;
+
+    async fn update_status(&self) -> Result<SystemUpdateStatus, SystemOperationError>;
+
+    async fn rollback(&self) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, SystemOperationError>;
+
+    async fn restart(&self) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, SystemOperationError>;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+//! Account group management use cases.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use gateway_core::routing::{AccountGroupId, snapshot::SnapshotControl};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+use crate::{
+    model::{
+        AdminError, MutationContext,
+        account_groups::{
+            AccountGroupListQuery, AccountGroupMutation, AccountGroupPage, CreateAccountGroup,
+            DeleteAccountGroup, NewAccountGroup, SetAccountGroupEnabled, UpdateAccountGroup,
+        },
+    },
+    ports::store::AccountGroupStore,
+};
+
+use super::{map_store_error, publish_committed};
+
+/// API-facing account group management service.
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait AccountGroupService: Send + Sync {
+    async fn list(&self, query: AccountGroupListQuery) -> Result<AccountGroupPage, AdminError>;
+    async fn create(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: CreateAccountGroup,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError>;
+    async fn update(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateAccountGroup,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError>;
+    async fn set_enabled(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: SetAccountGroupEnabled,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError>;
+    async fn delete(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: DeleteAccountGroup,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError>;
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct DefaultAccountGroupService {
+    store: Arc<dyn AccountGroupStore>,
+    snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+}
+
+impl DefaultAccountGroupService {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        store: Arc<dyn AccountGroupStore>,
+        snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self { store, snapshot }
+    }
+
+    async fn publish(
+        &self,
+        result: Result<AccountGroupMutation, crate::ports::store::AdminStoreError>,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError> {
+        let result = result.map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "account group"))?;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AccountGroupService for DefaultAccountGroupService {
+    async fn list(&self, query: AccountGroupListQuery) -> Result<AccountGroupPage, AdminError> {
+        self.store
+            .list_account_groups(query)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "account group"))
+    }
+
+    async fn create(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: CreateAccountGroup,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError> {
+        let id = AccountGroupId::new(format!("grp_{}", Uuid::now_v7().simple()))
+            .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Failed to create account group ID"))?;
+        self.publish(
+            self.store
+                .create_account_group(
+                    NewAccountGroup {
+                        id,
+                        name: command.name,
+                        description: command.description,
+                        color: command.color,
+                    },
+                    context,
+                )
+                .await,
+        )
+        .await
+    }
+
+    async fn update(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateAccountGroup,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError> {
+        self.publish(self.store.update_account_group(command, context).await)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn set_enabled(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: SetAccountGroupEnabled,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError> {
+        self.publish(self.store.set_account_group_enabled(command, context).await)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn delete(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: DeleteAccountGroup,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError> {
+        self.publish(self.store.delete_account_group(command, context).await)
+            .await
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,619 @@
+//! 统一账号目录与跨 Provider 动态分派。
+
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+use futures::StreamExt as _;
+use gateway_core::{
+    engine::{
+        credential::ProviderAccountId,
+        probe::{AccountProbe, AccountProbeRequest},
+    },
+    routing::{ProviderKind, UpstreamModelId, snapshot::SnapshotControl},
+};
+
+use crate::{
+    model::{
+        AdminError, MutationContext,
+        accounts::{
+            AccountConnectionTestEvent, AccountConnectionTestEventStream, AccountListQuery,
+            AccountPageItem, AccountUpdateResult, AccountUsageWindowQuery, AccountsUpdateResult,
+            BatchUpdateAccounts, UpdateAccount,
+        },
+        observability::TimeRange,
+        provider_credentials::{
+            AccountDirectoryItem, AccountDirectoryPage, AccountExportBundle, AccountRefreshResult,
+            PrepareCredentialRefresh, ProviderModels, ProviderQuota, ProviderQuotaRequest,
+            ProviderQuotaWindow, QuotaLocalUsageAttribution,
+        },
+    },
+    ports::{provider::ProviderAdminRegistry, store::AccountStore},
+};
+
+use super::{
+    commit_credential_refresh, map_provider_error, map_store_error, publish_committed,
+    validate_prepared_rotation,
+};
+
+const CONNECTION_TEST_INPUT: &str = "Reply with exactly OK.";
+
+/// 统一账号页消费的服务。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait AccountsService: Send + Sync {
+    async fn list(&self, query: AccountListQuery) -> Result<AccountDirectoryPage, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn export(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        account_ids: Vec<ProviderAccountId>,
+    ) -> Result<AccountExportBundle, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn refresh(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> Result<AccountRefreshResult, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn recover(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> Result<AccountRefreshResult, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn update(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateAccount,
+    ) -> Result<AccountUpdateResult, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn batch_update(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: BatchUpdateAccounts,
+    ) -> Result<AccountsUpdateResult, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn quota(
+        &self,
+        account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+        refresh: bool,
+    ) -> Result<AccountDirectoryItem, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn models(
+        &self,
+        account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+        refresh: bool,
+    ) -> Result<ProviderModels, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn test_connection(
+        &self,
+        account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+        upstream_model: UpstreamModelId,
+    ) -> Result<AccountConnectionTestEventStream, AdminError>;
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct DefaultAccountsService {
+    accounts: Arc<dyn AccountStore>,
+    providers: ProviderAdminRegistry,
+    snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+    probe: Arc<dyn AccountProbe>,
+}
+
+impl DefaultAccountsService {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) const fn new(
+        accounts: Arc<dyn AccountStore>,
+        providers: ProviderAdminRegistry,
+        snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+        probe: Arc<dyn AccountProbe>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            accounts,
+            providers,
+            snapshot,
+            probe,
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn load_account(
+        &self,
+        account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> Result<AccountPageItem, AdminError> {
+        self.accounts
+            .load_account(account_id.as_str())
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "provider account"))?
+            .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::not_found("Provider account was not found"))
+    }
+
+    async fn provider_for_account(
+        &self,
+        account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> Result<
+        (
+            AccountPageItem,
+            Arc<dyn crate::ports::provider::ProviderAdmin>,
+        ),
+        AdminError,
+    > {
+        let item = self.load_account(account_id).await?;
+        let provider = self
+            .providers
+            .require(&item.account.provider_kind)
+            .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "provider account"))?;
+        Ok((item, provider))
+    }
+
+    async fn attach_quota_local_usage(
+        &self,
+        accounts: &[AccountPageItem],
+        quotas: &mut [ProviderQuota],
+    ) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+        let windows = accounts
+            .iter()
+            .zip(quotas.iter())
+            .flat_map(|(item, quota)| {
+                quota
+                    .windows
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter_map(|window| quota_usage_window(&item.account.id, window))
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        if windows.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let usage_by_window = self
+            .accounts
+            .load_account_usage_by_windows(&windows)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "quota window usage"))?
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|result| ((result.account_id, result.key), result.usage))
+            .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
+        for (item, quota) in accounts.iter().zip(quotas) {
+            for window in &mut quota.windows {
+                if window.local_usage.is_none()
+                    && window.local_usage_attribution == QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide
+                {
+                    let key = (item.account.id.clone(), window.key.clone());
+                    if let Some(usage) = usage_by_window.get(&key) {
+                        window.local_usage = Some(usage.clone());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn load_directory_item(
+        &self,
+        account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+        refresh_quota: bool,
+    ) -> Result<AccountDirectoryItem, AdminError> {
+        let (stored, provider) = self.provider_for_account(account_id).await?;
+        let account = &stored.account;
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        let rolling_range = TimeRange {
+            start: now - Duration::hours(24),
+            end: now,
+        };
+        let ids = vec![account.id.clone()];
+        let rolling_usage = self
+            .accounts
+            .load_account_usage(rolling_range, &ids)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "rolling account usage"))?;
+        let rolling_usage = rolling_usage.into_iter().next();
+        let mut quota = provider
+            .quota(ProviderQuotaRequest {
+                account_id: account_id.clone(),
+                refresh: refresh_quota,
+                rolling_usage: rolling_usage.clone(),
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "provider quota"))?;
+        self.attach_quota_local_usage(
+            std::slice::from_ref(&stored),
+            std::slice::from_mut(&mut quota),
+        )
+        .await?;
+        let usage = quota.representative_window_usage().cloned();
+        Ok(AccountDirectoryItem {
+            projection: stored.projection,
+            usage,
+            account: stored.account,
+            quota,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
+    async fn list(&self, query: AccountListQuery) -> Result<AccountDirectoryPage, AdminError> {
+        let page = self
+            .accounts
+            .list_accounts(query)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "account directory"))?;
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        let rolling_range = TimeRange {
+            start: now - Duration::hours(24),
+            end: now,
+        };
+        let ids = page
+            .items
+            .iter()
+            .map(|item| item.account.id.clone())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let rolling_usage = self
+            .accounts
+            .load_account_usage(rolling_range, &ids)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "rolling account usage"))?;
+        let rolling_usage = rolling_usage
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|usage| (usage.account_id.clone(), usage))
+            .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
+        let mut quotas = futures::future::join_all(page.items.iter().map(|item| async {
+            let account = &item.account;
+            let account_id = ProviderAccountId::new(account.id.clone())
+                .map_err(|_| AdminError::invalid("Invalid provider account ID"))?;
+            // 单个账号的 quota 投影失败（Provider 未注册或 quota 读取失败）不拖垮整页：
+            // 该账号降级为空额度投影，其余账号与页面状态照常返回。
+            let provider = match self.providers.require(&account.provider_kind) {
+                Ok(provider) => provider,
+                Err(error) => {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        account_id = %account.id,
+                        error = %error,
+                        "account directory provider is not registered; showing empty quota"
+                    );
+                    return Ok(empty_quota());
+                }
+            };
+            match provider
+                .quota(ProviderQuotaRequest {
+                    account_id,
+                    refresh: false,
+                    rolling_usage: rolling_usage.get(&account.id).cloned(),
+                })
+                .await
+            {
+                Ok(quota) => Ok(quota),
+                Err(error) => {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        account_id = %account.id,
+                        error = %error,
+                        "account directory quota projection failed; showing empty quota"
+                    );
+                    Ok(empty_quota())
+                }
+            }
+        }))
+        .await
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, AdminError>>()?;
+        self.attach_quota_local_usage(&page.items, &mut quotas)
+            .await?;
+        let items = page
+            .items
+            .into_iter()
+            .zip(quotas)
+            .map(|(item, quota)| {
+                let usage = quota.representative_window_usage().cloned();
+                AccountDirectoryItem {
+                    usage,
+                    account: item.account,
+                    projection: item.projection,
+                    quota,
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
+        Ok(AccountDirectoryPage {
+            config_revision: page.config_revision,
+            items,
+            total: page.total,
+            summary: page.summary,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn export(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        account_ids: Vec<ProviderAccountId>,
+    ) -> Result<AccountExportBundle, AdminError> {
+        if account_ids.is_empty() || account_ids.len() > 200 {
+            return Err(AdminError::invalid(
+                "Account export requires between 1 and 200 accounts",
+            ));
+        }
+        let exported_ids = account_ids.clone();
+        let mut grouped = BTreeMap::<ProviderKind, Vec<ProviderAccountId>>::new();
+        for account_id in account_ids {
+            let account = self.load_account(&account_id).await?;
+            grouped
+                .entry(account.account.provider_kind)
+                .or_default()
+                .push(account_id);
+        }
+        if grouped.values().any(|ids| {
+            let unique = ids.iter().collect::<std::collections::BTreeSet<_>>();
+            unique.len() != ids.len()
+        }) {
+            return Err(AdminError::invalid("Account export contains duplicate IDs"));
+        }
+        let mut documents = Vec::with_capacity(grouped.len());
+        for (provider_kind, ids) in grouped {
+            let provider = self
+                .providers
+                .require(&provider_kind)
+                .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "provider account export"))?;
+            let credentials = self
+                .accounts
+                .load_credentials_for_export(&provider_kind, &ids)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "provider account export"))?;
+            documents.push(
+                provider
+                    .export_credentials(credentials)
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "provider account export"))?,
+            );
+        }
+        self.accounts
+            .record_credential_export(&exported_ids, context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "provider account export audit"))?;
+        Ok(AccountExportBundle {
+            exported_at: Utc::now(),
+            documents,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn refresh(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> Result<AccountRefreshResult, AdminError> {
+        let (stored, provider) = self.provider_for_account(&account_id).await?;
+        let account = stored.account;
+        let prepared = provider
+            .prepare_refresh(PrepareCredentialRefresh {
+                account: account.clone(),
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "provider credential refresh"))?;
+        validate_prepared_rotation(&account, &prepared, "provider credential refresh")?;
+        let result = commit_credential_refresh(
+            self.accounts.as_ref(),
+            prepared,
+            context,
+            "provider credential refresh",
+        )
+        .await?;
+        provider
+            .account_facts_changed(std::slice::from_ref(&result.account_id))
+            .await;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        let account = self.load_directory_item(&result.account_id, false).await?;
+        Ok(AccountRefreshResult {
+            config_revision: result.config_revision,
+            account,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn recover(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> Result<AccountRefreshResult, AdminError> {
+        let (_, provider) = self.provider_for_account(&account_id).await?;
+        let result = self
+            .accounts
+            .recover_account(&account_id, context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "provider account recovery"))?;
+        provider
+            .account_facts_changed(std::slice::from_ref(&account_id))
+            .await;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        let account = self.load_directory_item(&account_id, false).await?;
+        Ok(AccountRefreshResult {
+            config_revision: result.config_revision,
+            account,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn update(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateAccount,
+    ) -> Result<AccountUpdateResult, AdminError> {
+        let account_id = ProviderAccountId::new(command.account_id.clone())
+            .map_err(|_| AdminError::invalid("Invalid provider account ID"))?;
+        let (_, provider) = self.provider_for_account(&account_id).await?;
+        let enabled = command.enabled;
+        let result = self
+            .accounts
+            .update_account(command, context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "provider account"))?;
+        if !enabled {
+            provider.account_unavailable(&account_id).await;
+        }
+        provider
+            .account_facts_changed(std::slice::from_ref(&account_id))
+            .await;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    async fn batch_update(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: BatchUpdateAccounts,
+    ) -> Result<AccountsUpdateResult, AdminError> {
+        let account_ids = command
+            .account_ids
+            .iter()
+            .map(|id| {
+                ProviderAccountId::new(id.clone())
+                    .map_err(|_| AdminError::invalid("Invalid provider account ID"))
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+        let mut providers = BTreeMap::<
+            ProviderKind,
+            (
+                Arc<dyn crate::ports::provider::ProviderAdmin>,
+                Vec<ProviderAccountId>,
+            ),
+        >::new();
+        for account_id in &account_ids {
+            let (item, provider) = self.provider_for_account(account_id).await?;
+            providers
+                .entry(item.account.provider_kind)
+                .or_insert_with(|| (provider, Vec::new()))
+                .1
+                .push(account_id.clone());
+        }
+        let enabled = command.enabled;
+        let result = self
+            .accounts
+            .batch_update_accounts(command, context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "provider accounts"))?;
+        for (provider, provider_ids) in providers.values() {
+            if !enabled {
+                for account_id in provider_ids {
+                    provider.account_unavailable(account_id).await;
+                }
+            }
+            provider.account_facts_changed(provider_ids).await;
+        }
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    async fn quota(
+        &self,
+        account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+        refresh: bool,
+    ) -> Result<AccountDirectoryItem, AdminError> {
+        self.load_directory_item(account_id, refresh).await
+    }
+
+    async fn models(
+        &self,
+        account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+        refresh: bool,
+    ) -> Result<ProviderModels, AdminError> {
+        let (_, provider) = self.provider_for_account(account_id).await?;
+        provider
+            .models(account_id, refresh)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "provider model catalog"))
+    }
+
+    async fn test_connection(
+        &self,
+        account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+        upstream_model: UpstreamModelId,
+    ) -> Result<AccountConnectionTestEventStream, AdminError> {
+        let (stored, provider) = self.provider_for_account(&account_id).await?;
+        let account = stored.account;
+        let model = upstream_model.as_str().to_owned();
+        let operation = provider
+            .connection_test_operation(&upstream_model, CONNECTION_TEST_INPUT)
+            .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "provider connection test"))?;
+        let initial = vec![
+            AccountConnectionTestEvent::Started {
+                model: model.clone(),
+            },
+            AccountConnectionTestEvent::Request {
+                model,
+                input_text: CONNECTION_TEST_INPUT.to_owned(),
+                stream: true,
+                store: false,
+            },
+        ];
+        let probe = Arc::clone(&self.probe);
+        let terminal = futures::stream::once(async move {
+            let result = probe
+                .probe(AccountProbeRequest {
+                    account_id,
+                    provider_kind: account.provider_kind,
+                    upstream_model,
+                    operation,
+                })
+                .await;
+            match result {
+                Ok(result) => result
+                    .text
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|text| AccountConnectionTestEvent::Content { text })
+                    .chain(std::iter::once(AccountConnectionTestEvent::Completed))
+                    .collect(),
+                Err(error) => {
+                    let upstream_status = error
+                        .upstream_response()
+                        .map(gateway_core::engine::probe::AccountProbeUpstreamResponse::status);
+                    let upstream_content_type = error
+                        .upstream_response()
+                        .and_then(|response| response.content_type())
+                        .and_then(|value| std::str::from_utf8(value).ok())
+                        .map(ToOwned::to_owned);
+                    let upstream_body = error
+                        .upstream_response()
+                        .map(|response| String::from_utf8_lossy(response.body()).into_owned());
+                    let message = upstream_body
+                        .as_deref()
+                        .filter(|body| !body.is_empty())
+                        .unwrap_or_else(|| error.client_message())
+                        .to_owned();
+                    vec![AccountConnectionTestEvent::Failed {
+                        message,
+                        provider_error_code: error.client_error_code().map(ToOwned::to_owned),
+                        provider_error_type: error.client_error_type().map(ToOwned::to_owned),
+                        upstream_status,
+                        upstream_content_type,
+                        upstream_body,
+                    }]
+                }
+            }
+        })
+        .flat_map(futures::stream::iter);
+        Ok(Box::pin(futures::stream::iter(initial).chain(terminal)))
+    }
+}
+
+/// 账号目录中单个账号 quota 读取失败时使用的空额度投影。
+fn empty_quota() -> ProviderQuota {
+    ProviderQuota {
+        observed_at: None,
+        refresh_token_expires_at: None,
+        windows: Vec::new(),
+        limit_reached: false,
+        provider_data: None,
+    }
+}
+
+fn quota_usage_window(
+    account_id: &str,
+    window: &ProviderQuotaWindow,
+) -> Option<AccountUsageWindowQuery> {
+    if window.local_usage.is_some()
+        || window.local_usage_attribution != QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide
+    {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let reset_at = window.reset_at?;
+    let seconds = i64::try_from(window.window_seconds?).ok()?;
+    let start = reset_at.checked_sub_signed(Duration::seconds(seconds))?;
+    let range = TimeRange::new(start, reset_at).ok()?;
+    // 上游百分比以该 reset 边界定义；以当前时间回推会让本地 Token 属于另一窗口。
+    Some(AccountUsageWindowQuery {
+        account_id: account_id.to_owned(),
+        key: window.key.clone(),
+        range,
+    })
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+//! 管理员认证状态机。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use argon2::{Argon2, PasswordHash, PasswordHasher, PasswordVerifier, password_hash::SaltString};
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD};
+use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+use rand_core::{OsRng, RngCore as _};
+use subtle::ConstantTimeEq as _;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+use crate::{
+    model::{
+        AdminError,
+        auth::{
+            AdminAuditEvent, AdminSession, AuditActorKind, LoginCommand, LoginError, LoginResult,
+        },
+    },
+    ports::store::AuthStore,
+};
+
+use super::map_store_error;
+
+/// API 鉴权与管理员登录消费的统一服务。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait AuthService: Send + Sync {
+    async fn ensure_default_admin(&self, password: &str) -> Result<bool, AdminError>;
+    async fn resolve_admin_user_id(
+        &self,
+        session_id: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> Result<Option<String>, AdminError>;
+    async fn verify_admin_api_key(&self, key: &str) -> Result<bool, AdminError>;
+    async fn login(&self, command: LoginCommand) -> Result<LoginResult, LoginError>;
+    async fn validate_session(&self, session_id: Option<&str>) -> Result<bool, AdminError>;
+    async fn logout(&self, session_id: &str) -> Result<(), AdminError>;
+}
+
+/// 会话有效期上限(366 天);超出的配置按上限截断,保证 TTL 构造与
+/// `Utc::now() + session_ttl` 永不越界。
+const MAX_SESSION_TTL_MINUTES: i64 = 366 * 24 * 60;
+
+/// 单管理员认证策略的最终实现。
+pub(crate) struct DefaultAuthService {
+    default_admin_user_id: String,
+    session_ttl: Duration,
+    store: Arc<dyn AuthStore>,
+}
+
+impl DefaultAuthService {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        default_admin_user_id: impl Into<String>,
+        session_ttl_minutes: u64,
+        store: Arc<dyn AuthStore>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let minutes = i64::try_from(session_ttl_minutes)
+            .unwrap_or(MAX_SESSION_TTL_MINUTES)
+            .clamp(1, MAX_SESSION_TTL_MINUTES);
+        Self {
+            default_admin_user_id: default_admin_user_id.into(),
+            session_ttl: Duration::minutes(minutes),
+            store,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn auth_audit(&self, action: &str, occurred_at: chrono::DateTime<Utc>) -> AdminAuditEvent {
+        AdminAuditEvent {
+            id: format!("audit_{}", Uuid::now_v7().simple()),
+            actor_kind: AuditActorKind::AdminSession,
+            actor_admin_user_id: Some(self.default_admin_user_id.clone()),
+            actor_ref: format!("admin:{}", self.default_admin_user_id),
+            request_id: None,
+            action: action.to_owned(),
+            entity_kind: "admin_session".to_owned(),
+            entity_ref: self.default_admin_user_id.clone(),
+            config_revision: None,
+            changed_fields: Vec::new(),
+            occurred_at,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AuthService for DefaultAuthService {
+    async fn ensure_default_admin(&self, password: &str) -> Result<bool, AdminError> {
+        let hash = hash_admin_password(password)?;
+        self.store
+            .create_password_hash_if_absent(&self.default_admin_user_id, &hash)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "administrator"))
+    }
+
+    async fn resolve_admin_user_id(
+        &self,
+        session_id: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> Result<Option<String>, AdminError> {
+        let Some(session_id) = session_id else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        self.store
+            .load_session(session_id)
+            .await
+            .map(|session| {
+                session
+                    .filter(|session| session.expires_at > Utc::now())
+                    .map(|session| session.admin_user_id)
+            })
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "administrator session"))
+    }
+
+    async fn verify_admin_api_key(&self, key: &str) -> Result<bool, AdminError> {
+        if !valid_admin_api_key_shape(key) {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+        let stored = self
+            .store
+            .load_admin_api_key()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "administrator API key"))?;
+        Ok(stored.as_ref().is_some_and(|stored| {
+            let stored = stored.expose_for_auth();
+            key.len() == stored.len() && bool::from(key.as_bytes().ct_eq(stored.as_bytes()))
+        }))
+    }
+
+    async fn login(&self, command: LoginCommand) -> Result<LoginResult, LoginError> {
+        if command
+            .username
+            .as_deref()
+            .unwrap_or(&self.default_admin_user_id)
+            != self.default_admin_user_id
+        {
+            return Err(LoginError::InvalidCredentials);
+        }
+        let hash = self
+            .store
+            .load_password_hash(&self.default_admin_user_id)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| LoginError::Unavailable)?
+            .ok_or(LoginError::InvalidCredentials)?;
+        if !verify_admin_password(&command.password, &hash).map_err(|_| LoginError::Unavailable)? {
+            return Err(LoginError::InvalidCredentials);
+        }
+
+        let session_id = random_session_token();
+        let expires_at = Utc::now() + self.session_ttl;
+        self.store
+            .store_session(
+                &session_id,
+                &AdminSession {
+                    admin_user_id: self.default_admin_user_id.clone(),
+                    expires_at,
+                },
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| LoginError::Unavailable)?;
+        if self
+            .store
+            .append_audit_event(self.auth_audit("admin.login", Utc::now()))
+            .await
+            .is_err()
+        {
+            let _ = self.store.delete_session(&session_id).await;
+            return Err(LoginError::Unavailable);
+        }
+        Ok(LoginResult {
+            session_id,
+            expires_at,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn validate_session(&self, session_id: Option<&str>) -> Result<bool, AdminError> {
+        Ok(self.resolve_admin_user_id(session_id).await?.is_some())
+    }
+
+    async fn logout(&self, session_id: &str) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+        let session = self
+            .store
+            .delete_session(session_id)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "administrator session"))?;
+        if let Some(session) = session {
+            let mut event = self.auth_audit("admin.logout", Utc::now());
+            event.actor_admin_user_id = Some(session.admin_user_id.clone());
+            event.actor_ref = format!("admin:{}", session.admin_user_id);
+            event.entity_ref = session.admin_user_id;
+            self.store
+                .append_audit_event(event)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "administrator audit"))?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn hash_admin_password(password: &str) -> Result<String, AdminError> {
+    let salt = SaltString::generate(&mut OsRng);
+    Argon2::default()
+        .hash_password(password.as_bytes(), &salt)
+        .map(|hash| hash.to_string())
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Failed to hash administrator password"))
+}
+
+fn verify_admin_password(password: &str, encoded: &str) -> Result<bool, AdminError> {
+    let hash = PasswordHash::new(encoded)
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Stored administrator password hash is invalid"))?;
+    Ok(Argon2::default()
+        .verify_password(password.as_bytes(), &hash)
+        .is_ok())
+}
+
+fn random_session_token() -> String {
+    let mut bytes = [0_u8; 32];
+    OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut bytes);
+    format!("session_{}", URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(bytes))
+}
+
+fn valid_admin_api_key_shape(value: &str) -> bool {
+    value.len() == 70
+        && value.starts_with("admin-")
+        && value[6..].bytes().all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_hexdigit())
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+//! 备份配置、手动创建、下载与删除用例。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use gateway_core::routing::snapshot::SnapshotControl;
+use secrecy::ExposeSecret as _;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+use crate::model::{
+    AdminError, AdminErrorKind, MutationContext,
+    auth::{AdminAuditEvent, AuditActorKind},
+    backup::{
+        BackupError, BackupRecord, BackupRecordListQuery, BackupRecordPage, BackupSettings,
+        BackupStatus, BackupStorageConfig, BackupTriggerKind, ConnectionTestResult,
+        DownloadUrlResult, UpdateBackupScheduleCommand, UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+        build_backup_seed, code,
+    },
+};
+use crate::ports::{
+    backup::{BackupObjectStorePort, BackupRepository},
+    store::AuthStore,
+};
+
+use super::map_store_error;
+
+/// 默认下载地址有效期。
+const DOWNLOAD_TTL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5 * 60);
+
+/// API 消费的备份管理服务。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait BackupService: Send + Sync {
+    async fn load_settings(&self) -> Result<BackupSettings, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn update_storage(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+    ) -> Result<BackupSettings, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn update_schedule(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateBackupScheduleCommand,
+    ) -> Result<BackupSettings, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn test_connection(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> Result<ConnectionTestResult, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn create_backup(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    ) -> Result<BackupRecord, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn list_records(
+        &self,
+        query: BackupRecordListQuery,
+    ) -> Result<BackupRecordPage, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn download_url(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        backup_id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<DownloadUrlResult, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn delete_backup(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        backup_id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<BackupRecord, AdminError>;
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct DefaultBackupService {
+    repository: Arc<dyn BackupRepository>,
+    object_store: Arc<dyn BackupObjectStorePort>,
+    auth: Arc<dyn AuthStore>,
+    snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+}
+
+impl DefaultBackupService {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        repository: Arc<dyn BackupRepository>,
+        object_store: Arc<dyn BackupObjectStorePort>,
+        auth: Arc<dyn AuthStore>,
+        snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            repository,
+            object_store,
+            auth,
+            snapshot,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl BackupService for DefaultBackupService {
+    async fn load_settings(&self) -> Result<BackupSettings, AdminError> {
+        self.repository
+            .load_settings()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup settings"))
+    }
+
+    async fn update_storage(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+    ) -> Result<BackupSettings, AdminError> {
+        validate_storage(&command)?;
+        let (settings, revision) = self
+            .repository
+            .update_storage_settings(command, context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup storage"))?;
+        super::publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), revision).await?;
+        Ok(settings)
+    }
+
+    async fn update_schedule(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateBackupScheduleCommand,
+    ) -> Result<BackupSettings, AdminError> {
+        validate_schedule(&command)?;
+        let next_run_at = if command.schedule_enabled {
+            Some(
+                crate::backup::policy::BackupSchedule::parse(
+                    &command.cron_expression,
+                    &command.schedule_timezone,
+                )
+                .map_err(map_backup_error)?
+                .next_after(Utc::now())
+                .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::bad_request("无法从计划推导下次执行时间"))?,
+            )
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+        self.repository
+            .update_schedule_settings(command, next_run_at, context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup schedule"))
+    }
+
+    async fn test_connection(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> Result<ConnectionTestResult, AdminError> {
+        let settings = self
+            .repository
+            .load_settings()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup settings"))?;
+        let Some(config) = BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings) else {
+            return Ok(ConnectionTestResult {
+                ok: false,
+                stage: "putObject",
+                code: Some(code::INVALID_CONFIG),
+                message: "备份存储配置不完整，无法执行连接测试".to_owned(),
+            });
+        };
+        let result = self
+            .object_store
+            .test_connection(&config)
+            .await
+            .map_err(map_backup_error)?;
+        if result.ok {
+            let _ = self
+                .repository
+                .record_verification(config.storage_revision, Utc::now())
+                .await
+                .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup settings"))?;
+        }
+        self.append_audit(
+            context,
+            "backup.s3_connection_tested",
+            "backup_settings",
+            vec![],
+        )
+        .await?;
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    async fn create_backup(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    ) -> Result<BackupRecord, AdminError> {
+        let settings = self
+            .repository
+            .load_settings()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup settings"))?;
+        if !settings.storage_configured() {
+            return Err(AdminError::bad_request(
+                "备份存储配置不完整，请先保存存储配置",
+            ));
+        }
+        if !settings.storage_verified() {
+            return Err(AdminError::bad_request(
+                "备份存储尚未通过连接测试，请先测试存储配置",
+            ));
+        }
+        let prefix = settings.prefix.as_deref().unwrap_or_default();
+        let seed = build_backup_seed(
+            BackupTriggerKind::Manual,
+            None,
+            prefix,
+            Utc::now(),
+            expires_at,
+        )
+        .map_err(map_backup_error)?;
+        let record = self
+            .repository
+            .insert_backup_record(seed)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup record"))?;
+        self.append_audit(context, "backup.created", "backup", vec![record.id.clone()])
+            .await?;
+        Ok(record)
+    }
+
+    async fn list_records(
+        &self,
+        query: BackupRecordListQuery,
+    ) -> Result<BackupRecordPage, AdminError> {
+        self.repository
+            .list_backup_records(query)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup records"))
+    }
+
+    async fn download_url(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        backup_id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<DownloadUrlResult, AdminError> {
+        let record = self.require_record(backup_id).await?;
+        if record.status != BackupStatus::Completed {
+            return Err(AdminError::conflict(
+                "只有 completed 的备份才能创建下载地址",
+            ));
+        }
+        let settings = self
+            .repository
+            .load_settings()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup settings"))?;
+        let Some(config) = BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings) else {
+            return Err(AdminError::bad_request("备份存储配置不完整"));
+        };
+        let file_name = crate::model::backup::build_download_file_name(backup_id);
+        let url = self
+            .object_store
+            .presigned_download(&config, &record.object_key, &file_name, DOWNLOAD_TTL)
+            .await
+            .map_err(map_backup_error)?;
+        self.append_audit(
+            context,
+            "backup.download_url_created",
+            "backup",
+            vec![backup_id.to_owned()],
+        )
+        .await?;
+        Ok(DownloadUrlResult {
+            url,
+            file_name,
+            expires_in: DOWNLOAD_TTL,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_backup(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        backup_id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<BackupRecord, AdminError> {
+        let record = self.require_record(backup_id).await?;
+        if !record.status.can_be_deleted() {
+            return Err(AdminError::conflict(
+                "只有 completed 或 failed 的备份才能删除",
+            ));
+        }
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        let deleting = self
+            .repository
+            .transition_to_deleting(backup_id, now)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup record"))?
+            .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::conflict("备份记录已进入删除流程"))?;
+        self.append_audit(
+            context,
+            "backup.delete_requested",
+            "backup",
+            vec![backup_id.to_owned()],
+        )
+        .await?;
+        Ok(deleting)
+    }
+}
+
+impl DefaultBackupService {
+    async fn require_record(&self, backup_id: &str) -> Result<BackupRecord, AdminError> {
+        self.repository
+            .load_backup_record(backup_id)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup record"))?
+            .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::not_found("备份记录不存在"))
+    }
+
+    async fn append_audit(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        action: &str,
+        entity_ref: &str,
+        changed_fields: Vec<String>,
+    ) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+        let actor_kind = match context.actor {
+            crate::model::MutationActor::AdminSession { .. } => AuditActorKind::AdminSession,
+            crate::model::MutationActor::AdminApiKey => AuditActorKind::AdminApiKey,
+            crate::model::MutationActor::System => AuditActorKind::System,
+        };
+        let actor_ref = match &context.actor {
+            crate::model::MutationActor::AdminSession { admin_user_id } => admin_user_id.clone(),
+            crate::model::MutationActor::AdminApiKey => "admin_api_key".to_owned(),
+            crate::model::MutationActor::System => "system".to_owned(),
+        };
+        let actor_admin_user_id = match &context.actor {
+            crate::model::MutationActor::AdminSession { admin_user_id } => {
+                Some(admin_user_id.clone())
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        };
+        let event = AdminAuditEvent {
+            id: format!("audit_{}", Uuid::now_v7().simple()),
+            actor_kind,
+            actor_admin_user_id,
+            actor_ref,
+            request_id: Some(context.request_id.clone()),
+            action: action.to_owned(),
+            entity_kind: "backup".to_owned(),
+            entity_ref: entity_ref.to_owned(),
+            config_revision: None,
+            changed_fields,
+            occurred_at: Utc::now(),
+        };
+        self.auth
+            .append_audit_event(event)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup audit"))
+    }
+}
+
+/// 校验存储配置；空串视为非法，Secret 缺省表示保留旧值。
+fn validate_storage(command: &UpdateBackupStorageCommand) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    validate_endpoint(&command.endpoint)?;
+    validate_nonempty("region", &command.region)?;
+    validate_nonempty("bucket", &command.bucket)?;
+    validate_nonempty("accessKeyId", &command.access_key_id)?;
+    if let Some(secret) = command.secret_access_key.as_ref() {
+        let value = secret.expose_secret();
+        if value.is_empty() {
+            return Err(AdminError::bad_request(
+                "secretAccessKey 不能为空字符串；缺省表示保留旧值",
+            ));
+        }
+        validate_length("secretAccessKey", value, 512)?;
+    }
+    crate::model::backup::normalize_prefix(&command.prefix).map_err(map_backup_error)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_endpoint(value: &str) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    if value.is_empty() {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request("endpoint 不能为空"));
+    }
+    if !value.starts_with("https://") {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request(
+            "endpoint 必须使用 HTTPS；仅测试或显式开发配置允许 HTTP",
+        ));
+    }
+    if value.contains('@') || value.bytes().any(|byte| byte.is_ascii_control()) {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request("endpoint 格式非法"));
+    }
+    validate_length("endpoint", value, 2048)
+}
+
+fn validate_nonempty(field: &str, value: &str) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    if value.is_empty() {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request(format!("{field} 不能为空")));
+    }
+    validate_length(field, value, 255)
+}
+
+fn validate_length(field: &str, value: &str, max: usize) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    if value.len() > max || value.bytes().any(|byte| byte.is_ascii_control()) {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request(format!(
+            "{field} 超出长度或包含非法字符"
+        )));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// 校验调度配置并解析 Cron 与时区。
+fn validate_schedule(command: &UpdateBackupScheduleCommand) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    if command.cron_expression.trim().is_empty() {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request("cronExpression 不能为空"));
+    }
+    crate::backup::policy::BackupSchedule::parse(
+        &command.cron_expression,
+        &command.schedule_timezone,
+    )
+    .map_err(map_backup_error)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// 备份基础设施错误到既有 `AdminErrorKind` 的唯一边界映射。
+fn map_backup_error(error: BackupError) -> AdminError {
+    match error.code() {
+        code::INVALID_CONFIG | code::INVALID_CRON | code::INVALID_TIMEZONE => {
+            AdminError::bad_request(error.message().to_owned())
+        }
+        code::RECORD_NOT_FOUND => AdminError::not_found(error.message().to_owned()),
+        code::ACTIVE_TASK_CONFLICT | code::STATE_CONFLICT | code::STORAGE_IDENTITY_LOCKED => {
+            AdminError::conflict(error.message().to_owned())
+        }
+        code::STORE_UNAVAILABLE => {
+            AdminError::new(AdminErrorKind::Unavailable, error.message().to_owned())
+        }
+        _ => AdminError::bad_gateway(error.message().to_owned()),
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+//! Client API Key 管理用例。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD};
+use gateway_core::policy::ClientApiKeyId;
+use gateway_core::routing::snapshot::SnapshotControl;
+use rand_core::{OsRng, RngCore as _};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+use crate::{
+    model::{
+        AdminError, MutationContext,
+        client_keys::{
+            ClientKeyCursorValue, ClientKeyListQuery, ClientKeyMutation, ClientKeyPage,
+            ClientKeySecret, ClientKeySortField, CreateClientKey, CreatedClientKey,
+            DeleteClientKey, NewClientKey, SetClientKeyEnabled, UpdateClientKey,
+        },
+    },
+    ports::store::ClientKeyStore,
+};
+
+use super::{map_store_error, publish_committed};
+
+/// API 消费的 Client Key 管理服务。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait ClientKeyService: Send + Sync {
+    async fn list(&self, query: ClientKeyListQuery) -> Result<ClientKeyPage, AdminError>;
+    async fn reveal(&self, id: &ClientApiKeyId) -> Result<ClientKeySecret, AdminError>;
+    async fn create(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: CreateClientKey,
+    ) -> Result<CreatedClientKey, AdminError>;
+    async fn update(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateClientKey,
+    ) -> Result<ClientKeyMutation, AdminError>;
+    async fn set_enabled(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: SetClientKeyEnabled,
+    ) -> Result<ClientKeyMutation, AdminError>;
+    async fn delete(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: DeleteClientKey,
+    ) -> Result<ClientKeyMutation, AdminError>;
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct DefaultClientKeyService {
+    store: Arc<dyn ClientKeyStore>,
+    snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+}
+
+impl DefaultClientKeyService {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn new(store: Arc<dyn ClientKeyStore>, snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>) -> Self {
+        Self { store, snapshot }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl ClientKeyService for DefaultClientKeyService {
+    async fn list(&self, query: ClientKeyListQuery) -> Result<ClientKeyPage, AdminError> {
+        validate_cursor(&query)?;
+        self.store
+            .list_client_keys(query)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "client API key"))
+    }
+
+    async fn reveal(&self, id: &ClientApiKeyId) -> Result<ClientKeySecret, AdminError> {
+        self.store
+            .reveal_client_key(id)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "client API key"))?
+            .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::not_found("Client API key was not found"))
+    }
+
+    async fn create(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: CreateClientKey,
+    ) -> Result<CreatedClientKey, AdminError> {
+        let id = ClientApiKeyId::new(format!("key_{}", Uuid::now_v7().simple()))
+            .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Failed to create Client API key ID"))?;
+        let mut bytes = [0_u8; 32];
+        OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut bytes);
+        let plaintext = format!("sk_{}", URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(bytes));
+        let (config_revision, record) = self
+            .store
+            .create_client_key(
+                NewClientKey {
+                    id,
+                    name: command.name,
+                    label: command.label,
+                    group_ids: command.group_ids,
+                    limits: command.limits,
+                    plaintext: plaintext.clone(),
+                },
+                context,
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "client API key"))?;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(CreatedClientKey {
+            config_revision,
+            secret: ClientKeySecret::new(record, plaintext),
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn update(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateClientKey,
+    ) -> Result<ClientKeyMutation, AdminError> {
+        let id = command.id.clone();
+        let (config_revision, record) = self
+            .store
+            .update_client_key(command, context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "client API key"))?;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(ClientKeyMutation {
+            config_revision,
+            record: Some(record),
+            id,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn set_enabled(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: SetClientKeyEnabled,
+    ) -> Result<ClientKeyMutation, AdminError> {
+        let id = command.id.clone();
+        let (config_revision, record) =
+            self.store
+                .set_client_key_enabled(command, context)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "client API key"))?;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(ClientKeyMutation {
+            config_revision,
+            record: Some(record),
+            id,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn delete(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: DeleteClientKey,
+    ) -> Result<ClientKeyMutation, AdminError> {
+        let id = command.id.clone();
+        let config_revision = self
+            .store
+            .delete_client_key(command, context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "client API key"))?;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(ClientKeyMutation {
+            config_revision,
+            record: None,
+            id,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+fn validate_cursor(query: &ClientKeyListQuery) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    let Some(cursor) = &query.cursor else {
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+    if cursor.sort != query.sort {
+        return Err(AdminError::invalid(
+            "Client API key cursor sort does not match the query",
+        ));
+    }
+    let matches = matches!(
+        (cursor.sort.field, &cursor.value),
+        (ClientKeySortField::Name, ClientKeyCursorValue::Name(value)) if !value.trim().is_empty()
+    ) || matches!(
+        (cursor.sort.field, &cursor.value),
+        (
+            ClientKeySortField::Enabled,
+            ClientKeyCursorValue::Enabled(_)
+        ) | (
+            ClientKeySortField::CreatedAt,
+            ClientKeyCursorValue::CreatedAt(_)
+        ) | (
+            ClientKeySortField::LastUsedAt,
+            ClientKeyCursorValue::LastUsedAt(_)
+        )
+    );
+    if matches {
+        Ok(())
+    } else {
+        Err(AdminError::invalid("Invalid Client API key cursor"))
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+//! 管理控制面的用例实现。
+
+pub mod account_groups;
+pub mod accounts;
+pub mod auth;
+pub mod backup;
+pub mod client_keys;
+pub mod observability;
+pub mod openai;
+pub mod settings;
+pub mod system;
+pub mod xai;
+
+use crate::{
+    model::{
+        AdminError, AdminErrorKind, MutationContext,
+        accounts::DeleteAccounts,
+        provider_credentials::{
+            AuthorizationMutationTarget, CredentialDeletion, CredentialDeletionResult,
+            CredentialDetails, CredentialMutationResult, CredentialRotationCommit,
+            PendingAuthorizationMutation, PreparedAuthorizationCommit,
+            PreparedAuthorizationCredential, PreparedCredentialImport, PreparedCredentialRotation,
+            StartAuthorization,
+        },
+    },
+    ports::{
+        provider::ProviderAdmin,
+        store::{AccountStore, AdminStoreError, AdminStoreErrorKind},
+    },
+};
+use gateway_core::{
+    engine::credential::ProviderAccountId,
+    routing::{ConfigRevision, ProviderKind, snapshot::SnapshotControl},
+};
+
+fn map_store_error(error: AdminStoreError, resource: &'static str) -> AdminError {
+    let kind = match error.kind() {
+        AdminStoreErrorKind::Invalid => AdminErrorKind::Invalid,
+        AdminStoreErrorKind::NotFound => AdminErrorKind::NotFound,
+        AdminStoreErrorKind::StaleRevision | AdminStoreErrorKind::Conflict => {
+            AdminErrorKind::Conflict
+        }
+        AdminStoreErrorKind::Unavailable => AdminErrorKind::Unavailable,
+    };
+    AdminError::new(kind, format!("{resource} operation failed"))
+}
+
+fn map_provider_error(
+    error: crate::ports::provider::ProviderAdminError,
+    resource: &'static str,
+) -> AdminError {
+    use crate::ports::provider::ProviderAdminErrorKind;
+
+    let kind = match error.kind() {
+        ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid => AdminErrorKind::Invalid,
+        ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unsupported => AdminErrorKind::Invalid,
+        ProviderAdminErrorKind::NotFound => AdminErrorKind::NotFound,
+        ProviderAdminErrorKind::Conflict => AdminErrorKind::Conflict,
+        ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unavailable => AdminErrorKind::Unavailable,
+        ProviderAdminErrorKind::Internal => AdminErrorKind::Internal,
+    };
+    AdminError::new(kind, format!("{resource} operation failed"))
+}
+
+async fn publish_committed(
+    snapshot: &dyn SnapshotControl,
+    revision: crate::model::Revision,
+) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    let revision = ConfigRevision::new(revision.get())
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Committed configuration revision is invalid"))?;
+    snapshot.publish_committed(revision).await;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn required_credential(
+    accounts: &dyn AccountStore,
+    provider_kind: &ProviderKind,
+    account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+    resource: &'static str,
+) -> Result<CredentialDetails, AdminError> {
+    accounts
+        .credential_details(provider_kind, account_id)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, resource))?
+        .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::not_found(format!("{resource} was not found")))
+}
+
+async fn pending_authorization(
+    accounts: &dyn AccountStore,
+    provider_kind: &ProviderKind,
+    command: &StartAuthorization,
+    resource: &'static str,
+) -> Result<PendingAuthorizationMutation, AdminError> {
+    let target = match &command.reauthorization {
+        Some(account_id) => {
+            required_credential(accounts, provider_kind, account_id, resource).await?;
+            AuthorizationMutationTarget::Reauthorize {
+                account_id: account_id.clone(),
+            }
+        }
+        None => AuthorizationMutationTarget::Create {
+            name: command.name.clone(),
+        },
+    };
+    Ok(PendingAuthorizationMutation::new(
+        provider_kind.clone(),
+        target,
+        crate::model::provider_credentials::AuthorizationOwnerBinding::from_context(
+            &command.context,
+        ),
+    ))
+}
+
+fn validate_prepared_import(
+    provider_kind: &ProviderKind,
+    prepared: &PreparedCredentialImport,
+    resource: &'static str,
+) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    if prepared.provider_kind != *provider_kind
+        || prepared
+            .credentials
+            .iter()
+            .any(|credential| credential.provider_kind != *provider_kind)
+    {
+        return Err(AdminError::conflict(format!(
+            "{resource} prepared facts do not match the requested Provider scope"
+        )));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_prepared_rotation(
+    account: &crate::model::accounts::AccountRecord,
+    prepared: &PreparedCredentialRotation,
+    resource: &'static str,
+) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    let facts = prepared.facts();
+    if facts.account_id.as_str() != account.id.as_str()
+        || facts.provider_kind != account.provider_kind
+    {
+        return Err(AdminError::conflict(format!(
+            "{resource} prepared facts do not match the current credential"
+        )));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn validate_authorization_commit(
+    provider_kind: &ProviderKind,
+    context: &MutationContext,
+    prepared: PreparedAuthorizationCommit,
+    resource: &'static str,
+) -> Result<PreparedAuthorizationCommit, AdminError> {
+    if prepared.pending.provider_kind() != provider_kind
+        || !prepared.pending.owner_binding().matches_context(context)
+    {
+        let validation_error = AdminError::conflict(format!(
+            "{resource} pending authorization binding is invalid"
+        ));
+        if let Err(error) = prepared.abort().await {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                resource,
+                settlement_error = %error,
+                "OAuth authorization claim release failed after preparation validation"
+            );
+            return Err(error);
+        }
+        return Err(validation_error);
+    }
+    let matches_target = match (prepared.pending.target(), &prepared.credential) {
+        (
+            AuthorizationMutationTarget::Create { .. },
+            PreparedAuthorizationCredential::Create(credential),
+        ) => credential.provider_kind == *provider_kind,
+        (
+            AuthorizationMutationTarget::Reauthorize { account_id },
+            PreparedAuthorizationCredential::Reauthorize(credential),
+        ) => {
+            let facts = credential.facts();
+            facts.provider_kind == *provider_kind && facts.account_id == *account_id
+        }
+        _ => false,
+    };
+    if !matches_target {
+        let validation_error = AdminError::conflict(format!(
+            "{resource} prepared credential does not match its pending target"
+        ));
+        if let Err(error) = prepared.abort().await {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                resource,
+                settlement_error = %error,
+                "OAuth authorization claim release failed after preparation validation"
+            );
+            return Err(error);
+        }
+        return Err(validation_error);
+    }
+    Ok(prepared)
+}
+
+async fn commit_authorization(
+    accounts: &dyn AccountStore,
+    prepared: PreparedAuthorizationCommit,
+    context: &MutationContext,
+    resource: &'static str,
+) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
+    let crate::model::provider_credentials::AuthorizationCommitSettlement {
+        command,
+        credential_guard,
+        authorization_guard,
+    } = prepared.into_commit();
+    match accounts.commit_authorization(command, context).await {
+        Ok(result) => {
+            if let Some(guard) = credential_guard {
+                guard.finish();
+            }
+            if let Some(guard) = authorization_guard {
+                guard.commit().await?;
+            }
+            Ok(result)
+        }
+        Err(error) => {
+            drop(credential_guard);
+            if let Some(guard) = authorization_guard
+                && let Err(settlement_error) = guard.abort().await
+            {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    resource,
+                    store_error = %error,
+                    settlement_error = %settlement_error,
+                    "OAuth authorization claim release failed after Store commit failure"
+                );
+                return Err(settlement_error);
+            }
+            Err(map_store_error(error, resource))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+async fn commit_credential_rotation(
+    accounts: &dyn AccountStore,
+    prepared: PreparedCredentialRotation,
+    context: &MutationContext,
+    resource: &'static str,
+) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
+    let (facts, guard) = prepared.into_parts();
+    match accounts
+        .commit_credential_rotation(CredentialRotationCommit { prepared: facts }, context)
+        .await
+    {
+        Ok(result) => {
+            guard.finish();
+            Ok(result)
+        }
+        Err(error) => {
+            drop(guard);
+            Err(map_store_error(error, resource))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+async fn commit_credential_refresh(
+    accounts: &dyn AccountStore,
+    prepared: PreparedCredentialRotation,
+    context: &MutationContext,
+    resource: &'static str,
+) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
+    let (facts, guard) = prepared.into_parts();
+    match accounts
+        .commit_credential_refresh(CredentialRotationCommit { prepared: facts }, context)
+        .await
+    {
+        Ok(result) => {
+            guard.finish();
+            Ok(result)
+        }
+        Err(error) => {
+            drop(guard);
+            Err(map_store_error(error, resource))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+async fn delete_credentials(
+    accounts: &dyn AccountStore,
+    provider: &dyn ProviderAdmin,
+    command: CredentialDeletion,
+    resource: &'static str,
+) -> Result<CredentialDeletionResult, AdminError> {
+    for account_id in &command.account_ids {
+        required_credential(accounts, provider.provider_kind(), account_id, resource).await?;
+    }
+    let account_ids = command.account_ids;
+    let revision = accounts
+        .delete_accounts(
+            DeleteAccounts {
+                account_ids: account_ids
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|account_id| account_id.as_str().to_owned())
+                    .collect(),
+            },
+            &command.context,
+        )
+        .await
+        .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, resource))?;
+    for account_id in &account_ids {
+        provider.account_unavailable(account_id).await;
+    }
+    provider.account_facts_changed(&account_ids).await;
+    Ok(CredentialDeletionResult {
+        config_revision: revision,
+        account_ids,
+    })
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,842 @@
+//! 观测查询、趋势、费用覆盖与健康阈值规则。
+
+use std::{
+    collections::{BTreeMap, btree_map::Entry},
+    sync::Arc,
+};
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, Timelike as _, Utc};
+use gateway_core::{engine::credential::ProviderAccountId, routing::ProviderKind};
+
+use crate::{
+    model::{
+        AdminError,
+        observability::{
+            CostCoverage, CurrencyCost, DashboardAccountUsage, DashboardCapacity,
+            DashboardPeriodMetrics, DashboardResult, DecimalAmount, DiagnosticDimension,
+            DiagnosticsItem, DiagnosticsResult, HealthStatus, HealthTimeline, HealthTimelinePoint,
+            OpsErrorPage, OpsErrorQuery, ProviderBillingInput, RequestMetricPoint, RequestMetrics,
+            TimeRange, Trend, TrendKind, TrendPoint, TrendSummary, UsageBilling,
+            UsageCalculatedBillingFact, UsageDetail, UsageFilter, UsageInsights, UsageInsightsCost,
+            UsageInsightsCostPoint, UsageInsightsHealth, UsageInsightsHealthPoint,
+            UsageInsightsPerformance, UsageInsightsPerformancePoint, UsageOverview, UsagePage,
+            UsageQuery, UsageSummary, china_day_start,
+        },
+        provider_credentials::ProviderQuotaRequest,
+    },
+    ports::{
+        provider::{ProviderAdminErrorKind, ProviderAdminRegistry},
+        store::{ObservabilityStore, SettingsStore},
+    },
+};
+
+use super::{map_provider_error, map_store_error};
+
+const HEALTH_TIMELINE_SLOT_MINUTES: i64 = 15;
+const HEALTH_TIMELINE_SLOTS: i64 = 24 * 4;
+const HEALTH_TIMELINE_MIN_SAMPLE_SIZE: u64 = 10;
+const HEALTH_TIMELINE_UNAVAILABLE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD: u64 = 3;
+const HEALTH_TIMELINE_STABLE_RELIABILITY: f64 = 99.0;
+
+/// API 消费的观测控制面服务。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait ObservabilityService: Send + Sync {
+    async fn dashboard_summary(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        kind: TrendKind,
+    ) -> Result<DashboardResult, AdminError>;
+    async fn dashboard_trend(&self, range: TimeRange, kind: TrendKind)
+    -> Result<Trend, AdminError>;
+    async fn usage_records(&self, query: UsageQuery) -> Result<UsagePage, AdminError>;
+    async fn usage_record_detail(&self, request_id: &str) -> Result<UsageDetail, AdminError>;
+    async fn usage_summary(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        filter: UsageFilter,
+    ) -> Result<UsageSummary, AdminError>;
+    async fn usage_insights(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        filter: UsageFilter,
+    ) -> Result<UsageInsights, AdminError>;
+    async fn diagnostics(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        filter: UsageFilter,
+        dimension: DiagnosticDimension,
+    ) -> Result<DiagnosticsResult, AdminError>;
+    async fn ops_errors(&self, query: OpsErrorQuery) -> Result<OpsErrorPage, AdminError>;
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct DefaultObservabilityService {
+    store: Arc<dyn ObservabilityStore>,
+    settings: Arc<dyn SettingsStore>,
+    providers: ProviderAdminRegistry,
+}
+
+impl DefaultObservabilityService {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        store: Arc<dyn ObservabilityStore>,
+        settings: Arc<dyn SettingsStore>,
+        providers: ProviderAdminRegistry,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            store,
+            settings,
+            providers,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl ObservabilityService for DefaultObservabilityService {
+    async fn dashboard_summary(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        kind: TrendKind,
+    ) -> Result<DashboardResult, AdminError> {
+        let observed_at = Utc::now();
+        let (mut observation, settings, runtime_slots) = futures::try_join!(
+            self.store.dashboard_summary(range, observed_at),
+            self.settings.load_runtime_settings(),
+            self.store.dashboard_runtime_slots(observed_at),
+        )
+        .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "dashboard"))?;
+        self.enrich_billing(&mut observation.recent_requests);
+        self.enrich_dashboard_quotas(&mut observation.account_usage)
+            .await;
+        let today_start = china_day_start(observation.range.end);
+        let yesterday_start = today_start - Duration::days(1);
+        let today =
+            dashboard_period_metrics(&observation.trend, today_start, observation.range.end);
+        let yesterday = dashboard_period_metrics(&observation.trend, yesterday_start, today_start);
+        let total_billing_usd = observation.totals.billing_usd.clone();
+        let total_cached_token_rate = rate_or_zero(
+            observation.totals.cached_tokens,
+            observation.totals.input_tokens,
+        );
+        let average_first_token_latency_ms = average(
+            observation.requests.first_token_latency_sum_ms,
+            observation.requests.first_token_latency_count,
+        );
+        let trend = trend(kind, observation.trend.clone())?;
+        let health_timeline = health_timeline_at(&observation.trend, Utc::now());
+        let wire_profiles = self.providers.dashboard_wire_profiles();
+        let max_concurrent_per_account = u64::from(settings.max_concurrent_per_account);
+        let total_slots = runtime_slots.as_ref().map_or_else(
+            || {
+                observation
+                    .provider_accounts
+                    .normal
+                    .saturating_mul(max_concurrent_per_account)
+            },
+            |slots| {
+                slots
+                    .inherited_accounts
+                    .saturating_mul(max_concurrent_per_account)
+                    .saturating_add(slots.overridden_slots)
+            },
+        );
+        let used_slots = runtime_slots.and_then(|slots| slots.used_slots);
+        Ok(DashboardResult {
+            capacity: DashboardCapacity {
+                max_concurrent_per_account,
+                total_slots,
+                used_slots,
+                available_slots: used_slots.map(|used| total_slots.saturating_sub(used)),
+            },
+            rotation_strategy: settings.rotation_strategy,
+            observation,
+            today,
+            yesterday,
+            total_billing_usd,
+            total_cached_token_rate,
+            average_first_token_latency_ms,
+            trend,
+            health_timeline,
+            wire_profiles,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn dashboard_trend(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        kind: TrendKind,
+    ) -> Result<Trend, AdminError> {
+        let points = self
+            .store
+            .dashboard_trend(range)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "dashboard trend"))?;
+        trend(kind, points)
+    }
+
+    async fn usage_records(&self, query: UsageQuery) -> Result<UsagePage, AdminError> {
+        let mut page = self
+            .store
+            .list_usage_records(query)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "usage records"))?;
+        self.enrich_billing(&mut page.items);
+        Ok(page)
+    }
+
+    async fn usage_record_detail(&self, request_id: &str) -> Result<UsageDetail, AdminError> {
+        if request_id.trim().is_empty() {
+            return Err(AdminError::invalid("Usage record ID is required"));
+        }
+        let mut detail = self
+            .store
+            .usage_record_detail(request_id)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "usage record"))?;
+        self.enrich_billing(std::slice::from_mut(&mut detail.request));
+        Ok(detail)
+    }
+
+    async fn usage_summary(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        filter: UsageFilter,
+    ) -> Result<UsageSummary, AdminError> {
+        let overview = self
+            .store
+            .usage_summary(range, filter)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "usage summary"))?;
+        let average_latency_ms = average(
+            overview.requests.latency_sum_ms,
+            overview.requests.latency_count,
+        );
+        Ok(UsageSummary {
+            overview,
+            average_latency_ms,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn usage_insights(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        filter: UsageFilter,
+    ) -> Result<UsageInsights, AdminError> {
+        let (overview, trend, billing_facts) = futures::try_join!(
+            self.store.usage_summary(range, filter.clone()),
+            self.store.usage_trend(range, filter.clone()),
+            self.store.usage_calculated_billing_facts(range, filter),
+        )
+        .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "usage insights"))?;
+        let standard_costs = recover_standard_costs(&self.providers, billing_facts)?;
+        build_usage_insights(overview, trend, standard_costs)
+    }
+
+    async fn diagnostics(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        filter: UsageFilter,
+        dimension: DiagnosticDimension,
+    ) -> Result<DiagnosticsResult, AdminError> {
+        let items = self
+            .store
+            .usage_diagnostics(range, filter, dimension)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "usage diagnostics"))?;
+        let total_requests = items.iter().fold(0_u64, |total, item| {
+            total.saturating_add(item.request_count)
+        });
+        Ok(DiagnosticsResult {
+            dimension,
+            items: items
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|item| DiagnosticsItem {
+                    key: item.key,
+                    name: item.name,
+                    request_count: item.request_count,
+                    success_count: item.request_count.saturating_sub(item.failure_count),
+                    error_count: item.failure_count,
+                    error_rate: rate_or_zero(item.failure_count, item.request_count),
+                    request_share: rate_or_zero(item.request_count, total_requests),
+                    average_latency_ms: item.average_latency_ms,
+                    latency_p95_ms: item.latency_p95_ms,
+                    estimated_cost: usd_cost(&item.costs),
+                    attempt_count: item.attempt_count,
+                    total_tokens: item.total_tokens,
+                })
+                .collect(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn ops_errors(&self, query: OpsErrorQuery) -> Result<OpsErrorPage, AdminError> {
+        self.store
+            .list_ops_errors(query)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "operations errors"))
+    }
+}
+
+fn build_usage_insights(
+    overview: UsageOverview,
+    trend: Vec<RequestMetricPoint>,
+    standard_costs: UsageStandardCosts,
+) -> Result<UsageInsights, AdminError> {
+    let granularity = trend.first().map_or(
+        crate::model::observability::Granularity::FifteenMinutes,
+        |point| point.granularity,
+    );
+    if trend.iter().any(|point| point.granularity != granularity) {
+        return Err(AdminError::internal(
+            "Usage insight trend contains mixed granularities",
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let requests = &overview.requests;
+    let failed_requests = service_failure_count(requests);
+    let health_requests = requests.success_count.saturating_add(failed_requests);
+    let health = UsageInsightsHealth {
+        total_requests: health_requests,
+        success_requests: requests.success_count,
+        failed_requests,
+        cancelled_requests: requests.cancelled_count,
+        incomplete_requests: requests.incomplete_count,
+        caller_error_requests: requests.caller_error_count,
+        success_rate: rate_or_zero(requests.success_count, health_requests),
+        points: trend
+            .iter()
+            .map(|point| {
+                let failed_requests = service_failure_count(&point.metrics);
+                let health_requests = point.metrics.success_count.saturating_add(failed_requests);
+                UsageInsightsHealthPoint {
+                    bucket_start: point.bucket_start,
+                    success_requests: point.metrics.success_count,
+                    failed_requests,
+                    cancelled_requests: point.metrics.cancelled_count,
+                    incomplete_requests: point.metrics.incomplete_count,
+                    caller_error_requests: point.metrics.caller_error_count,
+                    error_rate: rate_or_zero(failed_requests, health_requests),
+                }
+            })
+            .collect(),
+    };
+    let performance = UsageInsightsPerformance {
+        latency_percentiles: requests.latency_percentiles,
+        first_token_latency_percentiles: requests.first_token_latency_percentiles,
+        latency_coverage: rate_or_zero(requests.latency_count, requests.request_count),
+        first_token_coverage: rate_or_zero(
+            requests.first_token_latency_count,
+            requests.request_count,
+        ),
+        points: trend
+            .iter()
+            .map(|point| UsageInsightsPerformancePoint {
+                bucket_start: point.bucket_start,
+                latency_percentiles: point.metrics.latency_percentiles,
+                first_token_latency_percentiles: point.metrics.first_token_latency_percentiles,
+            })
+            .collect(),
+    };
+    let estimated_cost = usd_cost(&overview.attempts.costs);
+    let UsageStandardCosts {
+        total: standard_cost,
+        by_bucket: standard_costs_by_bucket,
+    } = standard_costs;
+    let cost = UsageInsightsCost {
+        cost_per_request: estimated_cost
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|cost| cost.checked_div_u64(requests.request_count)),
+        estimated_cost,
+        standard_cost,
+        tokens_per_request: rate_or_zero(requests.total_tokens, requests.request_count),
+        cached_token_rate: rate_or_zero(requests.cached_tokens, requests.input_tokens),
+        cache_hit_request_rate: ratio(
+            requests.cache_hit_request_count,
+            requests.cache_eligible_request_count,
+        ),
+        input_tokens: requests.input_tokens,
+        output_tokens: requests.output_tokens,
+        cached_tokens: requests.cached_tokens,
+        total_tokens: requests.total_tokens,
+        points: trend
+            .iter()
+            .map(|point| UsageInsightsCostPoint {
+                bucket_start: point.bucket_start,
+                input_tokens: point.metrics.input_tokens,
+                output_tokens: point.metrics.output_tokens,
+                cached_tokens: point.metrics.cached_tokens,
+                total_tokens: point.metrics.total_tokens,
+                estimated_cost: usd_cost(&point.costs),
+                standard_cost: standard_costs_by_bucket.get(&point.bucket_start).cloned(),
+                cached_token_rate: rate_or_zero(
+                    point.metrics.cached_tokens,
+                    point.metrics.input_tokens,
+                ),
+                cache_hit_request_rate: ratio(
+                    point.metrics.cache_hit_request_count,
+                    point.metrics.cache_eligible_request_count,
+                ),
+            })
+            .collect(),
+        costs: overview.attempts.costs.clone(),
+        coverage: overview.attempts.cost_coverage.clone(),
+    };
+    Ok(UsageInsights {
+        granularity,
+        health,
+        performance,
+        cost,
+        attempts: overview.attempts,
+        providers: overview.providers,
+    })
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct UsageStandardCosts {
+    total: Option<DecimalAmount>,
+    by_bucket: BTreeMap<DateTime<Utc>, DecimalAmount>,
+}
+
+impl UsageStandardCosts {
+    fn add(
+        &mut self,
+        bucket_start: DateTime<Utc>,
+        amount: DecimalAmount,
+    ) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+        self.total = Some(match self.total.take() {
+            Some(current) => current
+                .checked_add(&amount)
+                .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::internal("Usage standard cost exceeds decimal range"))?,
+            None => amount.clone(),
+        });
+        match self.by_bucket.entry(bucket_start) {
+            Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
+                let sum = entry.get().checked_add(&amount).ok_or_else(|| {
+                    AdminError::internal("Usage standard cost exceeds decimal range")
+                })?;
+                entry.insert(sum);
+            }
+            Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
+                entry.insert(amount);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn recover_standard_costs(
+    providers: &ProviderAdminRegistry,
+    facts: Vec<UsageCalculatedBillingFact>,
+) -> Result<UsageStandardCosts, AdminError> {
+    let mut standard_costs = UsageStandardCosts::default();
+    for fact in facts {
+        let Ok(provider_kind) = ProviderKind::new(fact.provider_kind) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let input = ProviderBillingInput {
+            upstream_model_id: fact.upstream_model_id,
+            service_tier: fact.service_tier,
+            input_tokens: fact.input_tokens,
+            output_tokens: fact.output_tokens,
+            cached_tokens: fact.cached_tokens,
+            cache_write_tokens: fact.cache_write_tokens,
+            total: fact.total,
+        };
+        let breakdown = match providers.calculated_billing(&provider_kind, &input) {
+            Ok(breakdown) => breakdown,
+            Err(error) if error.kind() == ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unsupported => continue,
+            Err(error) => return Err(map_provider_error(error, "usage billing")),
+        };
+        let Some(breakdown) = breakdown else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        if !breakdown
+            .standard_amount
+            .currency
+            .eq_ignore_ascii_case("USD")
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        standard_costs.add(fact.bucket_start, breakdown.standard_amount.amount)?;
+    }
+    Ok(standard_costs)
+}
+
+fn usd_cost(costs: &[CurrencyCost]) -> Option<DecimalAmount> {
+    costs
+        .iter()
+        .find(|cost| cost.currency.eq_ignore_ascii_case("USD"))
+        .map(|cost| cost.amount.clone())
+}
+
+impl DefaultObservabilityService {
+    async fn enrich_dashboard_quotas(&self, accounts: &mut [DashboardAccountUsage]) {
+        let providers = self.providers.clone();
+        let quota_reads = accounts.iter().map(|account| {
+            let account_id = ProviderAccountId::new(account.account_id.clone()).ok();
+            let provider = ProviderKind::new(account.provider_kind.clone())
+                .ok()
+                .and_then(|kind| providers.require(&kind).ok());
+            async move {
+                let (Some(account_id), Some(provider)) = (account_id, provider) else {
+                    return None;
+                };
+                provider
+                    .quota(ProviderQuotaRequest {
+                        account_id,
+                        refresh: false,
+                        rolling_usage: None,
+                    })
+                    .await
+                    .ok()
+                    .and_then(|quota| quota.representative_used_percent())
+            }
+        });
+        let quota_used = futures::future::join_all(quota_reads).await;
+        for (account, used_percent) in accounts.iter_mut().zip(quota_used) {
+            account.quota_used_percent = used_percent;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 逐条尽力把可校验的总额升级为完整分解；单条脏数据（非法 Provider kind、
+    /// 不支持的来源或费用规则失败）只保留该条已存的总额，不影响整页返回。
+    fn enrich_billing(&self, records: &mut [crate::model::observability::UsageRecord]) {
+        for record in records {
+            let Some(UsageBilling::Total { source, total }) = record.billing.as_ref() else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            if !matches!(source.as_str(), "calculated" | "provider_reported") {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let (Some(provider), Some(upstream_model_id)) = (
+                record.provider_kind.as_deref(),
+                record.upstream_model_id.as_ref(),
+            ) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            let Ok(provider_kind) = ProviderKind::new(provider.to_owned()) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            let input = ProviderBillingInput {
+                upstream_model_id: upstream_model_id.clone(),
+                service_tier: record.service_tier.clone(),
+                input_tokens: record.input_tokens,
+                output_tokens: record.output_tokens,
+                cached_tokens: record.cached_tokens,
+                cache_write_tokens: record.cache_write_tokens,
+                total: total.clone(),
+            };
+            if let Ok(Some(breakdown)) = self.providers.calculated_billing(&provider_kind, &input) {
+                record.billing = Some(UsageBilling::Calculated(Box::new(breakdown)));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 按指定时刻计算中国自然日的 96 个 15 分钟健康桶。
+#[must_use]
+fn health_timeline_at(records: &[RequestMetricPoint], now: DateTime<Utc>) -> HealthTimeline {
+    let current_slot = quarter_hour_start(now);
+    let start = china_day_start(now);
+    let mut buckets = (0..HEALTH_TIMELINE_SLOTS)
+        .map(|index| {
+            (
+                start + Duration::minutes(HEALTH_TIMELINE_SLOT_MINUTES * index),
+                HealthWindow::default(),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    for record in records {
+        if record.bucket_start < start || record.bucket_start > now {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let record_slot = quarter_hour_start(record.bucket_start);
+        if let Some((_, bucket)) = buckets
+            .iter_mut()
+            .find(|(bucket_start, _)| *bucket_start == record_slot)
+        {
+            bucket.add_metrics(&record.metrics);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let totals = buckets
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|(bucket_start, _)| *bucket_start <= current_slot)
+        .fold(HealthWindow::default(), |mut totals, (_, bucket)| {
+            totals.add_window(*bucket);
+            totals
+        });
+    HealthTimeline {
+        reliability_percent: health_reliability(totals),
+        status: health_status(totals, false),
+        success_requests: totals.success_requests,
+        failed_requests: totals.failed_requests,
+        cancelled_requests: totals.cancelled_requests,
+        incomplete_requests: totals.incomplete_requests,
+        caller_error_requests: totals.caller_error_requests,
+        points: buckets
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(bucket_start, bucket)| HealthTimelinePoint {
+                bucket_start,
+                status: health_status(bucket, bucket_start > current_slot),
+                reliability_percent: health_reliability(bucket),
+                success_requests: bucket.success_requests,
+                failed_requests: bucket.failed_requests,
+                cancelled_requests: bucket.cancelled_requests,
+                incomplete_requests: bucket.incomplete_requests,
+                caller_error_requests: bucket.caller_error_requests,
+            })
+            .collect(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn trend(kind: TrendKind, points: Vec<RequestMetricPoint>) -> Result<Trend, AdminError> {
+    let mut metrics = RequestMetrics::default();
+    let mut coverage = CostCoverage::default();
+    let mut costs = BTreeMap::<String, DecimalAmount>::new();
+    for point in &points {
+        add_request_metrics(&mut metrics, &point.metrics);
+        coverage.provider_reported_count = coverage
+            .provider_reported_count
+            .saturating_add(point.cost_coverage.provider_reported_count);
+        coverage.calculated_count = coverage
+            .calculated_count
+            .saturating_add(point.cost_coverage.calculated_count);
+        coverage.partial_count = coverage
+            .partial_count
+            .saturating_add(point.cost_coverage.partial_count);
+        coverage.unavailable_count = coverage
+            .unavailable_count
+            .saturating_add(point.cost_coverage.unavailable_count);
+        coverage.not_billable_count = coverage
+            .not_billable_count
+            .saturating_add(point.cost_coverage.not_billable_count);
+        for cost in &point.costs {
+            if let Some(amount) = costs.get_mut(&cost.currency) {
+                *amount = amount.checked_add(&cost.amount).ok_or_else(|| {
+                    AdminError::internal("Cost aggregation exceeded numeric bounds")
+                })?;
+            } else {
+                costs.insert(cost.currency.clone(), cost.amount.clone());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    let average_latency_ms = average(metrics.latency_sum_ms, metrics.latency_count);
+    let service_failure_count = service_failure_count(&metrics);
+    let success_rate = ratio(
+        metrics.success_count,
+        metrics.success_count.saturating_add(service_failure_count),
+    );
+    let cache_hit_request_rate = ratio(
+        metrics.cache_hit_request_count,
+        metrics.cache_eligible_request_count,
+    );
+    Ok(Trend {
+        kind,
+        points: points.into_iter().map(trend_point).collect(),
+        summary: TrendSummary {
+            request_count: metrics.request_count,
+            input_tokens: metrics.input_tokens,
+            output_tokens: metrics.output_tokens,
+            cached_tokens: metrics.cached_tokens,
+            total_tokens: metrics.total_tokens,
+            service_failure_count,
+            average_latency_ms,
+            max_latency_ms: metrics.max_latency_ms,
+            min_latency_ms: metrics.min_latency_ms,
+            success_rate,
+            cache_hit_request_rate,
+            costs: costs
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(currency, amount)| CurrencyCost { currency, amount })
+                .collect(),
+            cost_coverage: coverage,
+        },
+    })
+}
+
+fn trend_point(point: RequestMetricPoint) -> TrendPoint {
+    let service_failure_count = service_failure_count(&point.metrics);
+    TrendPoint {
+        bucket_start: point.bucket_start,
+        granularity: point.granularity,
+        service_failure_count,
+        average_latency_ms: average(point.metrics.latency_sum_ms, point.metrics.latency_count),
+        average_first_token_latency_ms: average(
+            point.metrics.first_token_latency_sum_ms,
+            point.metrics.first_token_latency_count,
+        ),
+        cached_token_rate: rate_or_zero(point.metrics.cached_tokens, point.metrics.input_tokens),
+        cache_hit_request_rate: ratio(
+            point.metrics.cache_hit_request_count,
+            point.metrics.cache_eligible_request_count,
+        ),
+        success_rate: ratio(point.metrics.success_count, point.metrics.request_count),
+        metrics: point.metrics,
+        cost_coverage: point.cost_coverage,
+        costs: point.costs,
+    }
+}
+
+fn dashboard_period_metrics(
+    points: &[RequestMetricPoint],
+    start: DateTime<Utc>,
+    end: DateTime<Utc>,
+) -> DashboardPeriodMetrics {
+    let mut result = DashboardPeriodMetrics::default();
+    for metrics in points
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|point| point.bucket_start >= start && point.bucket_start < end)
+        .map(|point| &point.metrics)
+    {
+        result.request_count = result.request_count.saturating_add(metrics.request_count);
+        result.input_tokens = result.input_tokens.saturating_add(metrics.input_tokens);
+        result.output_tokens = result.output_tokens.saturating_add(metrics.output_tokens);
+        result.cached_tokens = result.cached_tokens.saturating_add(metrics.cached_tokens);
+        result.total_tokens = result.total_tokens.saturating_add(metrics.total_tokens);
+    }
+    result.cached_token_rate = rate_or_zero(result.cached_tokens, result.input_tokens);
+    result.observed_cached_token_rate = ratio(result.cached_tokens, result.input_tokens);
+    result
+}
+
+fn add_request_metrics(total: &mut RequestMetrics, value: &RequestMetrics) {
+    total.request_count = total.request_count.saturating_add(value.request_count);
+    total.success_count = total.success_count.saturating_add(value.success_count);
+    total.failure_count = total.failure_count.saturating_add(value.failure_count);
+    total.cancelled_count = total.cancelled_count.saturating_add(value.cancelled_count);
+    total.incomplete_count = total
+        .incomplete_count
+        .saturating_add(value.incomplete_count);
+    total.caller_error_count = total
+        .caller_error_count
+        .saturating_add(value.caller_error_count);
+    total.input_tokens = total.input_tokens.saturating_add(value.input_tokens);
+    total.output_tokens = total.output_tokens.saturating_add(value.output_tokens);
+    total.cached_tokens = total.cached_tokens.saturating_add(value.cached_tokens);
+    total.cache_write_tokens = total
+        .cache_write_tokens
+        .saturating_add(value.cache_write_tokens);
+    total.reasoning_tokens = total
+        .reasoning_tokens
+        .saturating_add(value.reasoning_tokens);
+    total.total_tokens = total.total_tokens.saturating_add(value.total_tokens);
+    total.first_token_latency_sum_ms = total
+        .first_token_latency_sum_ms
+        .saturating_add(value.first_token_latency_sum_ms);
+    total.first_token_latency_count = total
+        .first_token_latency_count
+        .saturating_add(value.first_token_latency_count);
+    total.latency_sum_ms = total.latency_sum_ms.saturating_add(value.latency_sum_ms);
+    total.latency_count = total.latency_count.saturating_add(value.latency_count);
+    total.min_latency_ms = match (total.min_latency_ms, value.min_latency_ms) {
+        (Some(left), Some(right)) => Some(left.min(right)),
+        (left, right) => left.or(right),
+    };
+    total.max_latency_ms = match (total.max_latency_ms, value.max_latency_ms) {
+        (Some(left), Some(right)) => Some(left.max(right)),
+        (left, right) => left.or(right),
+    };
+    total.cache_eligible_request_count = total
+        .cache_eligible_request_count
+        .saturating_add(value.cache_eligible_request_count);
+    total.cache_hit_request_count = total
+        .cache_hit_request_count
+        .saturating_add(value.cache_hit_request_count);
+}
+
+fn average(sum: u64, count: u64) -> Option<u64> {
+    (count > 0).then(|| sum / count)
+}
+
+fn ratio(numerator: u64, denominator: u64) -> Option<f64> {
+    (denominator > 0).then(|| numerator as f64 / denominator as f64)
+}
+
+fn rate_or_zero(numerator: u64, denominator: u64) -> f64 {
+    ratio(numerator, denominator).unwrap_or(0.0)
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
+struct HealthWindow {
+    success_requests: u64,
+    failed_requests: u64,
+    cancelled_requests: u64,
+    incomplete_requests: u64,
+    caller_error_requests: u64,
+}
+
+impl HealthWindow {
+    fn add_metrics(&mut self, metrics: &RequestMetrics) {
+        self.success_requests = self.success_requests.saturating_add(metrics.success_count);
+        self.failed_requests = self
+            .failed_requests
+            .saturating_add(service_failure_count(metrics));
+        self.cancelled_requests = self
+            .cancelled_requests
+            .saturating_add(metrics.cancelled_count);
+        self.incomplete_requests = self
+            .incomplete_requests
+            .saturating_add(metrics.incomplete_count);
+        self.caller_error_requests = self
+            .caller_error_requests
+            .saturating_add(metrics.caller_error_count);
+    }
+
+    fn add_window(&mut self, other: Self) {
+        self.success_requests = self.success_requests.saturating_add(other.success_requests);
+        self.failed_requests = self.failed_requests.saturating_add(other.failed_requests);
+        self.cancelled_requests = self
+            .cancelled_requests
+            .saturating_add(other.cancelled_requests);
+        self.incomplete_requests = self
+            .incomplete_requests
+            .saturating_add(other.incomplete_requests);
+        self.caller_error_requests = self
+            .caller_error_requests
+            .saturating_add(other.caller_error_requests);
+    }
+}
+
+fn health_status(bucket: HealthWindow, is_future: bool) -> HealthStatus {
+    let eligible_requests = bucket
+        .success_requests
+        .saturating_add(bucket.failed_requests);
+    if is_future {
+        HealthStatus::Future
+    } else if eligible_requests == 0 {
+        HealthStatus::NoData
+    } else if bucket.success_requests == 0
+        && bucket.failed_requests >= HEALTH_TIMELINE_UNAVAILABLE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD
+    {
+        HealthStatus::Unavailable
+    } else if eligible_requests < HEALTH_TIMELINE_MIN_SAMPLE_SIZE {
+        HealthStatus::LowSample
+    } else if health_reliability(bucket)
+        .is_some_and(|reliability| reliability < HEALTH_TIMELINE_STABLE_RELIABILITY)
+    {
+        HealthStatus::Unstable
+    } else {
+        HealthStatus::Stable
+    }
+}
+
+fn health_reliability(bucket: HealthWindow) -> Option<f64> {
+    let eligible_requests = bucket
+        .success_requests
+        .saturating_add(bucket.failed_requests);
+    (eligible_requests > 0)
+        .then(|| bucket.success_requests as f64 / eligible_requests as f64 * 100.0)
+}
+
+fn service_failure_count(metrics: &RequestMetrics) -> u64 {
+    metrics
+        .failure_count
+        .saturating_sub(metrics.caller_error_count)
+}
+
+fn quarter_hour_start(value: DateTime<Utc>) -> DateTime<Utc> {
+    let elapsed = value
+        .timestamp()
+        .rem_euclid(HEALTH_TIMELINE_SLOT_MINUTES * 60);
+    value - Duration::seconds(elapsed) - Duration::nanoseconds(i64::from(value.nanosecond()))
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+//! OpenAI 管理资源的中立 ProviderAdmin 委托。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use gateway_core::{engine::credential::ProviderAccountId, routing::snapshot::SnapshotControl};
+
+use crate::{
+    model::{
+        AdminError,
+        provider_credentials::{
+            AuthorizationStarted, CompleteAuthorization, CredentialDeletion,
+            CredentialDeletionResult, CredentialDetails, CredentialImportCommit,
+            CredentialImportResult, CredentialListQuery, CredentialMutationResult, CredentialPage,
+            ImportCredentials, PrepareCredentialImport, PrepareCredentialRotation,
+            ProviderQuotaRequest, RotateCredential, StartAuthorization,
+        },
+    },
+    ports::{provider::ProviderAdmin, store::AccountStore},
+};
+
+use super::{
+    commit_authorization, commit_credential_rotation, delete_credentials, map_provider_error,
+    map_store_error, pending_authorization, publish_committed, required_credential,
+    validate_authorization_commit, validate_prepared_import, validate_prepared_rotation,
+};
+
+/// OpenAI 固定管理路由消费的服务。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait OpenAiService: Send + Sync {
+    async fn list(&self, query: CredentialListQuery) -> Result<CredentialPage, AdminError>;
+    async fn details(
+        &self,
+        account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialDetails, AdminError>;
+    async fn import_document(
+        &self,
+        command: ImportCredentials,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialImportResult, AdminError>;
+    async fn start_authorization(
+        &self,
+        command: StartAuthorization,
+    ) -> Result<AuthorizationStarted, AdminError>;
+    async fn complete_authorization(
+        &self,
+        command: CompleteAuthorization,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError>;
+    async fn rotate(
+        &self,
+        command: RotateCredential,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError>;
+    async fn delete(
+        &self,
+        command: CredentialDeletion,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialDeletionResult, AdminError>;
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct DefaultOpenAiService {
+    provider: Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin>,
+    accounts: Arc<dyn AccountStore>,
+    snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+}
+
+impl DefaultOpenAiService {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        provider: Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin>,
+        accounts: Arc<dyn AccountStore>,
+        snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            provider,
+            accounts,
+            snapshot,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn observe_initial_quotas(&self, account_ids: &[ProviderAccountId], request_id: &str) {
+        let provider = Arc::clone(&self.provider);
+        let account_ids = account_ids.to_vec();
+        let request_id = request_id.to_owned();
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            for account_id in account_ids {
+                if let Err(error) = provider
+                    .quota(ProviderQuotaRequest {
+                        account_id: account_id.clone(),
+                        refresh: true,
+                        rolling_usage: None,
+                    })
+                    .await
+                {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        request_id,
+                        account_id = %account_id.as_str(),
+                        quota_error = ?error.kind(),
+                        "OpenAI initial quota observation failed"
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl OpenAiService for DefaultOpenAiService {
+    async fn list(&self, query: CredentialListQuery) -> Result<CredentialPage, AdminError> {
+        self.accounts
+            .list_credentials(self.provider.provider_kind(), query)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "OpenAI credential"))
+    }
+
+    async fn details(
+        &self,
+        account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialDetails, AdminError> {
+        required_credential(
+            self.accounts.as_ref(),
+            self.provider.provider_kind(),
+            account_id,
+            "OpenAI credential",
+        )
+        .await
+    }
+
+    async fn import_document(
+        &self,
+        command: ImportCredentials,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialImportResult, AdminError> {
+        let context = command.context;
+        let prepared = self
+            .provider
+            .prepare_import(PrepareCredentialImport {
+                document: command.document,
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "OpenAI credential import"))?;
+        validate_prepared_import(
+            self.provider.provider_kind(),
+            &prepared,
+            "OpenAI credential import",
+        )?;
+        let result = self
+            .accounts
+            .commit_credential_import(CredentialImportCommit { prepared }, &context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "OpenAI credential import"))?;
+        self.provider
+            .account_facts_changed(&result.credential_ids)
+            .await;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        // 导入完成后立即做一次观察；失败不回滚已经提交的 credential。
+        self.observe_initial_quotas(&result.credential_ids, &context.request_id);
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    async fn start_authorization(
+        &self,
+        command: StartAuthorization,
+    ) -> Result<AuthorizationStarted, AdminError> {
+        let pending = pending_authorization(
+            self.accounts.as_ref(),
+            self.provider.provider_kind(),
+            &command,
+            "OpenAI credential",
+        )
+        .await?;
+        self.provider
+            .start_authorization(pending)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "OpenAI authorization"))
+    }
+
+    async fn complete_authorization(
+        &self,
+        command: CompleteAuthorization,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
+        let context = command.context.clone();
+        let prepared = self
+            .provider
+            .complete_authorization(command)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "OpenAI authorization"))?;
+        let prepared = validate_authorization_commit(
+            self.provider.provider_kind(),
+            &context,
+            prepared,
+            "OpenAI authorization",
+        )
+        .await?;
+        let result = commit_authorization(
+            self.accounts.as_ref(),
+            prepared,
+            &context,
+            "OpenAI authorization",
+        )
+        .await?;
+        self.provider
+            .account_facts_changed(std::slice::from_ref(&result.account_id))
+            .await;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        self.observe_initial_quotas(
+            std::slice::from_ref(&result.account_id),
+            &context.request_id,
+        );
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    async fn rotate(
+        &self,
+        command: RotateCredential,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
+        let context = command.mutation.context;
+        let account_id = command.mutation.account_id;
+        let details = required_credential(
+            self.accounts.as_ref(),
+            self.provider.provider_kind(),
+            &account_id,
+            "OpenAI credential rotation",
+        )
+        .await?;
+        let account = details.credential;
+        let prepared = self
+            .provider
+            .prepare_rotation(PrepareCredentialRotation {
+                account: account.clone(),
+                provider_material: command.provider_material,
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "OpenAI credential rotation"))?;
+        validate_prepared_rotation(&account, &prepared, "OpenAI credential rotation")?;
+        let result = commit_credential_rotation(
+            self.accounts.as_ref(),
+            prepared,
+            &context,
+            "OpenAI credential rotation",
+        )
+        .await?;
+        self.provider
+            .account_facts_changed(std::slice::from_ref(&result.account_id))
+            .await;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    async fn delete(
+        &self,
+        command: CredentialDeletion,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialDeletionResult, AdminError> {
+        let result = delete_credentials(
+            self.accounts.as_ref(),
+            self.provider.as_ref(),
+            command,
+            "OpenAI credential",
+        )
+        .await?;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+//! Runtime settings 与管理员 API Key 用例。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use gateway_core::routing::snapshot::SnapshotControl;
+use rand_core::{OsRng, RngCore as _};
+
+use crate::{
+    model::{
+        AdminError, MutationContext,
+        settings::{
+            AdminApiKey, AdminApiKeyMutation, RegeneratedAdminApiKey, ReplaceRuntimeSettings,
+            RuntimeSettings,
+        },
+    },
+    ports::store::SettingsStore,
+};
+
+use super::{map_store_error, publish_committed};
+
+/// API 消费的 Runtime settings 管理服务。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait SettingsService: Send + Sync {
+    async fn load(&self) -> Result<RuntimeSettings, AdminError>;
+    async fn replace(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: ReplaceRuntimeSettings,
+    ) -> Result<RuntimeSettings, AdminError>;
+    async fn admin_api_key_exists(&self) -> Result<bool, AdminError>;
+    async fn regenerate_admin_api_key(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> Result<RegeneratedAdminApiKey, AdminError>;
+    async fn delete_admin_api_key(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> Result<AdminApiKeyMutation, AdminError>;
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct DefaultSettingsService {
+    store: Arc<dyn SettingsStore>,
+    snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+}
+
+impl DefaultSettingsService {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn new(store: Arc<dyn SettingsStore>, snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>) -> Self {
+        Self { store, snapshot }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl SettingsService for DefaultSettingsService {
+    async fn load(&self) -> Result<RuntimeSettings, AdminError> {
+        self.store
+            .load_runtime_settings()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "runtime settings"))
+    }
+
+    async fn replace(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: ReplaceRuntimeSettings,
+    ) -> Result<RuntimeSettings, AdminError> {
+        validate_settings(&command)?;
+        let settings = self
+            .store
+            .replace_runtime_settings(command, context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "runtime settings"))?;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), settings.config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(settings)
+    }
+
+    async fn admin_api_key_exists(&self) -> Result<bool, AdminError> {
+        self.store
+            .admin_api_key_exists()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "administrator API key"))
+    }
+
+    async fn regenerate_admin_api_key(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> Result<RegeneratedAdminApiKey, AdminError> {
+        let mut bytes = [0_u8; 32];
+        OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut bytes);
+        let key = AdminApiKey::new(format!("admin-{}", hex::encode(bytes)));
+        let mutation = self
+            .store
+            .replace_admin_api_key(key.clone(), context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "administrator API key"))?;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), mutation.config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(RegeneratedAdminApiKey { mutation, key })
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_admin_api_key(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> Result<AdminApiKeyMutation, AdminError> {
+        let mutation = self
+            .store
+            .delete_admin_api_key(context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "administrator API key"))?;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), mutation.config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(mutation)
+    }
+}
+
+fn validate_settings(command: &ReplaceRuntimeSettings) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    let valid = command.refresh_margin_seconds > 0
+        && command.refresh_concurrency > 0
+        && command.max_concurrent_per_account > 0
+        && command.usage_retention_days >= 31
+        && command.ops_event_retention_days > 0
+        && command.audit_retention_days > 0
+        && i64::try_from(command.request_interval_ms).is_ok();
+    if valid {
+        Ok(())
+    } else {
+        Err(AdminError::invalid("Runtime settings violate constraints"))
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+//! 系统管理用例。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+use crate::{
+    model::{
+        AdminError, AdminErrorKind,
+        system::{SystemOperationAccepted, SystemUpdateDetail, SystemUpdateStatus, SystemVersion},
+    },
+    ports::system::{
+        SystemOperationError, SystemOperationErrorKind, SystemOperations, SystemUpdateEventStream,
+    },
+};
+
+/// API 消费的系统管理服务。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait SystemService: Send + Sync {
+    async fn version(&self) -> Result<SystemVersion, AdminError>;
+    async fn update_detail(&self, refresh: bool) -> Result<SystemUpdateDetail, AdminError>;
+    fn update_events(&self) -> SystemUpdateEventStream;
+    async fn perform_update(
+        &self,
+        target_version: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, AdminError>;
+    async fn update_status(&self) -> Result<SystemUpdateStatus, AdminError>;
+    async fn rollback(&self) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, AdminError>;
+    async fn restart(&self) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, AdminError>;
+}
+
+/// 保持 Host 能力窄边界的默认系统用例。
+pub(crate) struct DefaultSystemService {
+    operations: Arc<dyn SystemOperations>,
+}
+
+impl DefaultSystemService {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) const fn new(operations: Arc<dyn SystemOperations>) -> Self {
+        Self { operations }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl SystemService for DefaultSystemService {
+    async fn version(&self) -> Result<SystemVersion, AdminError> {
+        self.operations.version().await.map_err(map_system_error)
+    }
+
+    async fn update_detail(&self, refresh: bool) -> Result<SystemUpdateDetail, AdminError> {
+        self.operations
+            .update_detail(refresh)
+            .await
+            .map_err(map_system_error)
+    }
+
+    fn update_events(&self) -> SystemUpdateEventStream {
+        self.operations.update_events()
+    }
+
+    async fn perform_update(
+        &self,
+        target_version: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, AdminError> {
+        let target_version = target_version
+            .map(|version| version.trim().to_owned())
+            .filter(|version| !version.is_empty());
+        self.operations
+            .perform_update(target_version)
+            .await
+            .map_err(map_system_error)
+    }
+
+    async fn update_status(&self) -> Result<SystemUpdateStatus, AdminError> {
+        self.operations
+            .update_status()
+            .await
+            .map_err(map_system_error)
+    }
+
+    async fn rollback(&self) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, AdminError> {
+        self.operations.rollback().await.map_err(map_system_error)
+    }
+
+    async fn restart(&self) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, AdminError> {
+        self.operations.restart().await.map_err(map_system_error)
+    }
+}
+
+fn map_system_error(error: SystemOperationError) -> AdminError {
+    let kind = match error.kind() {
+        SystemOperationErrorKind::Invalid => AdminErrorKind::Invalid,
+        SystemOperationErrorKind::Conflict => AdminErrorKind::Conflict,
+        SystemOperationErrorKind::Upstream => AdminErrorKind::BadGateway,
+        SystemOperationErrorKind::Internal => AdminErrorKind::Internal,
+    };
+    AdminError::new(kind, error.message())
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+//! xAI 管理资源的中立 ProviderAdmin 委托。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use gateway_core::routing::snapshot::SnapshotControl;
+
+use crate::{
+    model::{
+        AdminError,
+        provider_credentials::{
+            AuthorizationStarted, CompleteAuthorization, CredentialDeletion,
+            CredentialDeletionResult, CredentialImportCommit, CredentialImportResult,
+            CredentialListQuery, CredentialMutationResult, CredentialPage, ImportCredentials,
+            PrepareCredentialImport, ProviderQuotaRequest, StartAuthorization,
+        },
+    },
+    ports::{provider::ProviderAdmin, store::AccountStore},
+};
+
+use super::{
+    commit_authorization, delete_credentials, map_provider_error, map_store_error,
+    pending_authorization, publish_committed, validate_authorization_commit,
+    validate_prepared_import,
+};
+
+/// xAI 固定管理路由消费的服务。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait XaiService: Send + Sync {
+    async fn list(&self, query: CredentialListQuery) -> Result<CredentialPage, AdminError>;
+    async fn import_document(
+        &self,
+        command: ImportCredentials,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialImportResult, AdminError>;
+    async fn start_authorization(
+        &self,
+        command: StartAuthorization,
+    ) -> Result<AuthorizationStarted, AdminError>;
+    async fn complete_authorization(
+        &self,
+        command: CompleteAuthorization,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError>;
+    async fn delete(
+        &self,
+        command: CredentialDeletion,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialDeletionResult, AdminError>;
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct DefaultXaiService {
+    provider: Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin>,
+    accounts: Arc<dyn AccountStore>,
+    snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+}
+
+impl DefaultXaiService {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        provider: Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin>,
+        accounts: Arc<dyn AccountStore>,
+        snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            provider,
+            accounts,
+            snapshot,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl XaiService for DefaultXaiService {
+    async fn list(&self, query: CredentialListQuery) -> Result<CredentialPage, AdminError> {
+        self.accounts
+            .list_credentials(self.provider.provider_kind(), query)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "xAI credential"))
+    }
+
+    async fn import_document(
+        &self,
+        command: ImportCredentials,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialImportResult, AdminError> {
+        let context = command.context;
+        let prepared = self
+            .provider
+            .prepare_import(PrepareCredentialImport {
+                document: command.document,
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "xAI credential import"))?;
+        validate_prepared_import(
+            self.provider.provider_kind(),
+            &prepared,
+            "xAI credential import",
+        )?;
+        let result = self
+            .accounts
+            .commit_credential_import(CredentialImportCommit { prepared }, &context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "xAI credential import"))?;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        // 导入已经提交，额度属于可重建观察事实；单个账号查询失败由周期任务重试。
+        for account_id in &result.credential_ids {
+            let _ = self
+                .provider
+                .quota(ProviderQuotaRequest {
+                    account_id: account_id.clone(),
+                    refresh: true,
+                    rolling_usage: None,
+                })
+                .await;
+        }
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    async fn start_authorization(
+        &self,
+        command: StartAuthorization,
+    ) -> Result<AuthorizationStarted, AdminError> {
+        let pending = pending_authorization(
+            self.accounts.as_ref(),
+            self.provider.provider_kind(),
+            &command,
+            "xAI credential",
+        )
+        .await?;
+        self.provider
+            .start_authorization(pending)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "xAI authorization"))
+    }
+
+    async fn complete_authorization(
+        &self,
+        command: CompleteAuthorization,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
+        let context = command.context.clone();
+        let prepared = self
+            .provider
+            .complete_authorization(command)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "xAI authorization"))?;
+        let prepared = validate_authorization_commit(
+            self.provider.provider_kind(),
+            &context,
+            prepared,
+            "xAI authorization",
+        )
+        .await?;
+        let result = commit_authorization(
+            self.accounts.as_ref(),
+            prepared,
+            &context,
+            "xAI authorization",
+        )
+        .await?;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    async fn delete(
+        &self,
+        command: CredentialDeletion,
+    ) -> Result<CredentialDeletionResult, AdminError> {
+        let result = delete_credentials(
+            self.accounts.as_ref(),
+            self.provider.as_ref(),
+            command,
+            "xAI credential",
+        )
+        .await?;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//! 备份模块测试：镜像 src/backup/ 的 policy 与 task。
+
+mod policy;
+pub mod support;
+mod task;
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+//! 备份调度与保留策略（backup/policy.rs）的纯逻辑测试。
+
+use chrono::{Duration, TimeZone as _, Utc};
+
+use gateway_admin::{
+    backup::policy::{BackupSchedule, RetentionReason, decide_retention},
+    model::backup::{BackupRecord, BackupStatus, BackupTriggerKind},
+};
+
+fn record(
+    id: &str,
+    trigger: BackupTriggerKind,
+    status: BackupStatus,
+    created_at: chrono::DateTime<Utc>,
+    completed_at: Option<chrono::DateTime<Utc>>,
+) -> BackupRecord {
+    BackupRecord {
+        id: id.to_owned(),
+        trigger_kind: trigger,
+        status,
+        scheduled_at: if trigger == BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled {
+            Some(created_at)
+        } else {
+            None
+        },
+        object_key: format!("k/{id}"),
+        size_bytes: Some(1),
+        sha256: Some("a".repeat(64)),
+        attempt_count: 0,
+        error_code: None,
+        error_message: None,
+        started_at: Some(created_at),
+        completed_at,
+        expires_at: None,
+        created_at,
+        updated_at: created_at,
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_rejects_bad_cron_and_timezone() {
+    assert!(BackupSchedule::parse("61 * * * *", "Asia/Shanghai").is_err());
+    assert!(BackupSchedule::parse("0 2 * * *", "Not/AZone").is_err());
+    assert!(BackupSchedule::parse("0 2 * * *", "Asia/Shanghai").is_ok());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn next_after_is_strictly_later() {
+    let schedule = BackupSchedule::parse("0 2 * * *", "Asia/Shanghai").unwrap();
+    let at = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 8, 1, 18, 0, 0).unwrap();
+    let next = schedule.next_after(at).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(next, Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 8, 2, 18, 0, 0).unwrap());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn last_firing_is_at_or_before() {
+    let schedule = BackupSchedule::parse("0 2 * * *", "Asia/Shanghai").unwrap();
+    // 北京时间 02:00 = 前一日 18:00 UTC。
+    let before = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 8, 1, 17, 59, 0).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        schedule.last_firing_at_or_before(before).unwrap(),
+        Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 7, 31, 18, 0, 0).unwrap()
+    );
+    let exact = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 8, 1, 18, 0, 0).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(schedule.last_firing_at_or_before(exact).unwrap(), exact);
+    let after = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 8, 1, 19, 0, 0).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(schedule.last_firing_at_or_before(after).unwrap(), exact);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn dst_spring_forward_skips_missing_hour() {
+    let schedule = BackupSchedule::parse("30 2 * * *", "America/New_York").unwrap();
+    let at = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 3, 8, 6, 29, 0).unwrap(); // 01:29 EST
+    let next = schedule.next_after(at).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(next, Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 3, 9, 6, 30, 0).unwrap());
+    let at_after_spring = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 3, 8, 10, 0, 0).unwrap(); // 06:00 EDT
+    let last = schedule.last_firing_at_or_before(at_after_spring).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(last, Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 3, 7, 7, 30, 0).unwrap());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn retention_count_keeps_newest_n() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let base = now - Duration::days(10);
+    let records = vec![
+        record(
+            "newest",
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            BackupStatus::Completed,
+            base + Duration::days(2),
+            Some(base + Duration::days(2)),
+        ),
+        record(
+            "middle",
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            BackupStatus::Completed,
+            base + Duration::days(1),
+            Some(base + Duration::days(1)),
+        ),
+        record(
+            "oldest",
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            BackupStatus::Completed,
+            base,
+            Some(base),
+        ),
+    ];
+    let decisions = decide_retention(0, 2, now, &records);
+    let ids: Vec<_> = decisions.iter().map(|d| d.record_id.as_str()).collect();
+    assert_eq!(ids, vec!["oldest"]);
+    assert_eq!(decisions[0].reason, RetentionReason::Count);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn retention_days_deletes_old_scheduled_but_keeps_newest() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let records = vec![
+        record(
+            "recent",
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            BackupStatus::Completed,
+            now - Duration::days(1),
+            Some(now - Duration::days(1)),
+        ),
+        record(
+            "ancient",
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            BackupStatus::Completed,
+            now - Duration::days(40),
+            Some(now - Duration::days(40)),
+        ),
+    ];
+    let decisions = decide_retention(30, 0, now, &records);
+    let ids: Vec<_> = decisions.iter().map(|d| d.record_id.as_str()).collect();
+    assert_eq!(ids, vec!["ancient"]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn newest_scheduled_never_auto_deleted_even_when_ancient() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let records = vec![record(
+        "sole",
+        BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+        BackupStatus::Completed,
+        now - Duration::days(400),
+        Some(now - Duration::days(400)),
+    )];
+    assert!(decide_retention(30, 1, now, &records).is_empty());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn disabled_thresholds_delete_nothing() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let records = vec![
+        record(
+            "newest",
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            BackupStatus::Completed,
+            now - Duration::days(2),
+            Some(now - Duration::days(2)),
+        ),
+        record(
+            "old",
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            BackupStatus::Completed,
+            now - Duration::days(90),
+            Some(now - Duration::days(90)),
+        ),
+    ];
+    assert!(decide_retention(0, 0, now, &records).is_empty());
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,664 @@
+//! 备份测试共享 fixture：内存 fake 端口与辅助函数。
+//!
+//! 用内存 fake 端口驱动编排层，不依赖 MinIO/真实 S3。
+//! s3.rs / pg_dump.rs 是 SDK 薄适配器，协议正确性交给 aws-sdk / pg_dump 保证。
+//! 供 backup::task 与 use_case::backup 的测试复用。
+
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use gateway_admin::{
+    model::{
+        MutationActor, MutationContext, Revision,
+        auth::AdminAuditEvent,
+        backup::{
+            BackupError, BackupObjectMetadata, BackupRecord, BackupRecordListQuery,
+            BackupRecordPage, BackupRecordSeed, BackupSettings, BackupStatus, BackupStorageConfig,
+            BackupTriggerKind, ConnectionTestResult, UpdateBackupScheduleCommand,
+            UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+        },
+    },
+    ports::{
+        backup::{
+            BackupObjectStorePort, BackupRepository, DatabaseDumpPort, DumpArtifact, DumpRequest,
+            StagedArtifact, StatusTransitionUpdate, UploadObjectRequest,
+        },
+        store::{AdminStoreError, AdminStoreErrorKind, AdminStoreResult, AuthStore},
+    },
+};
+use secrecy::SecretString;
+use sha2::{Digest as _, Sha256};
+use tempfile::TempDir;
+
+/// 假归档内容；dump 与上传校验共用同一字节与校验值。
+pub(crate) const DUMP_CONTENT: &[u8] = b"custom-format-archive-bytes-0123456789";
+
+/// 计算一段内容的 SHA-256 十六进制。
+pub(crate) fn sha256_hex(content: &[u8]) -> String {
+    hex::encode(Sha256::digest(content))
+}
+
+/// 返回 32 位十六进制的合法备份记录 id。
+pub(crate) fn backup_id(suffix: &str) -> String {
+    format!("backup_{}", sha256_hex(suffix.as_bytes()))
+}
+
+/// 已配置且已通过连接测试的设置快照。
+pub(crate) fn configured_settings() -> BackupSettings {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    BackupSettings {
+        storage_revision: 1,
+        endpoint: Some("https://s3.example.com".to_owned()),
+        region: Some("auto".to_owned()),
+        bucket: Some("backup-bucket".to_owned()),
+        access_key_id: Some("ak".to_owned()),
+        secret_access_key: Some(SecretString::from("sk-value")),
+        prefix: Some("codex".to_owned()),
+        force_path_style: false,
+        schedule_enabled: false,
+        cron_expression: None,
+        schedule_timezone: None,
+        retention_days: 0,
+        retention_count: 0,
+        next_run_at: None,
+        last_verified_at: Some(now),
+        updated_at: now,
+    }
+}
+
+/// 从 seed 构造 queued 记录。
+pub(crate) fn queued_record(seed: &BackupRecordSeed) -> BackupRecord {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    BackupRecord {
+        id: seed.id.clone(),
+        trigger_kind: seed.trigger_kind,
+        status: BackupStatus::Queued,
+        scheduled_at: seed.scheduled_at,
+        object_key: seed.object_key.clone(),
+        size_bytes: None,
+        sha256: None,
+        attempt_count: 0,
+        error_code: None,
+        error_message: None,
+        started_at: None,
+        completed_at: None,
+        expires_at: seed.expires_at,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    }
+}
+
+/// 内存版备份仓储。
+pub(crate) struct FakeBackupRepository {
+    settings: Mutex<BackupSettings>,
+    records: Mutex<Vec<BackupRecord>>,
+}
+
+impl FakeBackupRepository {
+    pub(crate) fn new(settings: BackupSettings) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            settings: Mutex::new(settings),
+            records: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 测试辅助：读取当前全部记录。
+    pub(crate) fn all_records(&self) -> Vec<BackupRecord> {
+        self.records.lock().expect("records").clone()
+    }
+
+    /// 测试辅助：强制把一条记录标记为指定时间完成的 completed。
+    pub(crate) fn set_completed(&self, id: &str, completed_at: DateTime<Utc>) {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        if let Some(record) = records.iter_mut().find(|record| record.id == id) {
+            record.status = BackupStatus::Completed;
+            record.completed_at = Some(completed_at);
+            record.updated_at = Utc::now();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 测试辅助：强制把一条记录迁移到指定状态。
+    pub(crate) fn force_status(&self, id: &str, status: BackupStatus) {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        if let Some(record) = records.iter_mut().find(|record| record.id == id) {
+            record.status = status;
+            if matches!(status, BackupStatus::Completed | BackupStatus::Failed) {
+                record.completed_at = Some(Utc::now());
+            }
+            record.updated_at = Utc::now();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl BackupRepository for FakeBackupRepository {
+    async fn load_settings(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupSettings> {
+        Ok(self.settings.lock().expect("settings").clone())
+    }
+
+    async fn update_storage_settings(
+        &self,
+        command: UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+        _context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(BackupSettings, Revision)> {
+        let mut settings = self.settings.lock().expect("settings");
+        settings.storage_revision += 1;
+        settings.endpoint = Some(command.endpoint);
+        settings.region = Some(command.region);
+        settings.bucket = Some(command.bucket);
+        settings.access_key_id = Some(command.access_key_id);
+        if let Some(secret) = command.secret_access_key {
+            settings.secret_access_key = Some(secret);
+        }
+        settings.prefix = Some(command.prefix);
+        settings.force_path_style = command.force_path_style;
+        settings.last_verified_at = None;
+        settings.updated_at = Utc::now();
+        let revision = Revision::new(settings.storage_revision).map_err(|_| {
+            AdminStoreError::new(AdminStoreErrorKind::Invalid, "backup", "zero revision")
+        })?;
+        Ok((settings.clone(), revision))
+    }
+
+    async fn update_schedule_settings(
+        &self,
+        command: UpdateBackupScheduleCommand,
+        next_run_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+        _context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupSettings> {
+        let mut settings = self.settings.lock().expect("settings");
+        settings.schedule_enabled = command.schedule_enabled;
+        settings.cron_expression = Some(command.cron_expression);
+        settings.schedule_timezone = Some(command.schedule_timezone);
+        settings.retention_days = command.retention_days;
+        settings.retention_count = command.retention_count;
+        settings.next_run_at = next_run_at;
+        settings.updated_at = Utc::now();
+        Ok(settings.clone())
+    }
+
+    async fn record_verification(
+        &self,
+        storage_revision: u64,
+        at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        let mut settings = self.settings.lock().expect("settings");
+        if settings.storage_revision != storage_revision {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+        settings.last_verified_at = Some(at);
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    async fn insert_backup_record(&self, seed: BackupRecordSeed) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupRecord> {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        if records.iter().any(|record| record.status.is_active()) {
+            return Err(AdminStoreError::new(
+                AdminStoreErrorKind::Conflict,
+                "backup record",
+                "an active backup task already exists",
+            ));
+        }
+        let record = queued_record(&seed);
+        records.push(record.clone());
+        Ok(record)
+    }
+
+    async fn insert_scheduled_record(&self, seed: BackupRecordSeed) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        if records.iter().any(|record| record.status.is_active())
+            || records.iter().any(|record| {
+                record.trigger_kind == BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled
+                    && record.scheduled_at == seed.scheduled_at
+            })
+        {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+        records.push(queued_record(&seed));
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    async fn list_backup_records(
+        &self,
+        query: BackupRecordListQuery,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupRecordPage> {
+        let records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        let mut items = records
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|record| {
+                query.status.is_none_or(|status| record.status == status)
+                    && query
+                        .trigger
+                        .is_none_or(|trigger| record.trigger_kind == trigger)
+            })
+            .cloned()
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        items.sort_by(|a, b| {
+            b.created_at
+                .cmp(&a.created_at)
+                .then_with(|| b.id.cmp(&a.id))
+        });
+        let total = items.len() as u64;
+        let offset =
+            (u64::from(query.page.saturating_sub(1)) * u64::from(query.page_size.get())) as usize;
+        let limit = usize::from(query.page_size.get());
+        items = items.into_iter().skip(offset).take(limit).collect();
+        Ok(BackupRecordPage {
+            items,
+            total,
+            page: query.page,
+            page_size: query.page_size,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn load_backup_record(&self, id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        Ok(self
+            .records
+            .lock()
+            .expect("records")
+            .iter()
+            .find(|record| record.id == id)
+            .cloned())
+    }
+
+    async fn list_intermediate_records(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        Ok(self
+            .records
+            .lock()
+            .expect("records")
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|record| {
+                matches!(
+                    record.status,
+                    BackupStatus::Dumping | BackupStatus::Uploading
+                )
+            })
+            .cloned()
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    async fn list_pending_deletions(&self, _limit: u32) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        Ok(self
+            .records
+            .lock()
+            .expect("records")
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|record| record.status == BackupStatus::Deleting)
+            .cloned()
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    async fn list_expired_records(&self, _limit: u32) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        Ok(self
+            .records
+            .lock()
+            .expect("records")
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|record| {
+                record
+                    .expires_at
+                    .is_some_and(|expires_at| expires_at <= now)
+                    && matches!(
+                        record.status,
+                        BackupStatus::Completed | BackupStatus::Failed
+                    )
+            })
+            .cloned()
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    async fn claim_next_queued(
+        &self,
+        now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        let Some(record) = records
+            .iter_mut()
+            .find(|record| record.status == BackupStatus::Queued)
+        else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        record.status = BackupStatus::Dumping;
+        record.started_at = Some(now);
+        record.attempt_count += 1;
+        record.updated_at = now;
+        Ok(Some(record.clone()))
+    }
+
+    async fn transition_status(
+        &self,
+        id: &str,
+        from: BackupStatus,
+        to: BackupStatus,
+        update: StatusTransitionUpdate,
+        now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        let Some(record) = records
+            .iter_mut()
+            .find(|record| record.id == id && record.status == from)
+        else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        record.status = to;
+        if let Some(size) = update.size_bytes {
+            record.size_bytes = Some(size);
+        }
+        if let Some(sha256) = update.sha256 {
+            record.sha256 = Some(sha256);
+        }
+        if let Some(code) = update.error_code {
+            record.error_code = Some(code);
+        }
+        if let Some(message) = update.error_message {
+            record.error_message = Some(message);
+        }
+        record.completed_at = update.completed_at.or_else(|| {
+            matches!(to, BackupStatus::Completed | BackupStatus::Failed).then_some(now)
+        });
+        record.updated_at = now;
+        Ok(Some(record.clone()))
+    }
+
+    async fn transition_to_deleting(
+        &self,
+        id: &str,
+        now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        let Some(record) = records
+            .iter_mut()
+            .find(|record| record.id == id && record.status.can_be_deleted())
+        else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        record.status = BackupStatus::Deleting;
+        record.updated_at = now;
+        Ok(Some(record.clone()))
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_record(&self, id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        records.retain(|record| record.id != id);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn advance_schedule_cursor(
+        &self,
+        next_run_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+        _expected_cron: &str,
+        _expected_timezone: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        let mut settings = self.settings.lock().expect("settings");
+        settings.next_run_at = Some(next_run_at);
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    async fn list_scheduled_completed_desc(
+        &self,
+        _limit: u32,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        let mut records = self
+            .records
+            .lock()
+            .expect("records")
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|record| {
+                record.trigger_kind == BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled
+                    && record.status == BackupStatus::Completed
+            })
+            .cloned()
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        records.sort_by(|a, b| {
+            b.completed_at
+                .cmp(&a.completed_at)
+                .then_with(|| b.id.cmp(&a.id))
+        });
+        Ok(records)
+    }
+}
+
+/// 假 `pg_dump` 端口：把固定内容写入临时文件作为归档；可注入失败。
+pub(crate) struct FakeDumpPort {
+    dir: TempDir,
+    fail_dump: bool,
+}
+
+impl FakeDumpPort {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            dir: tempfile::tempdir().expect("temp dir"),
+            fail_dump: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 让下一次 `dump` 返回 `backup.pg_dump_failed`。
+    pub(crate) fn fail_next_dump(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.fail_dump = true;
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn artifact(&self, backup_id: &str) -> DumpArtifact {
+        let path = self.dir.path().join(format!("{backup_id}.dump"));
+        std::fs::write(&path, DUMP_CONTENT).expect("write artifact");
+        DumpArtifact {
+            path,
+            size_bytes: DUMP_CONTENT.len() as u64,
+            sha256: sha256_hex(DUMP_CONTENT),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl DatabaseDumpPort for FakeDumpPort {
+    async fn dump(
+        &self,
+        request: DumpRequest,
+    ) -> Result<DumpArtifact, gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        if self.fail_dump {
+            return Err(gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError::new(
+                gateway_admin::model::backup::code::PG_DUMP_FAILED,
+                "pg_dump failed".to_owned(),
+            ));
+        }
+        if request.cancellation.is_cancelled() {
+            return Err(gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError::new(
+                gateway_admin::model::backup::code::CANCELLED,
+                "cancelled".to_owned(),
+            ));
+        }
+        Ok(self.artifact(&request.backup_id))
+    }
+
+    async fn inspect_staging(
+        &self,
+        backup_id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<StagedArtifact>, gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        let path = self.dir.path().join(format!("{backup_id}.dump"));
+        if !path.exists() {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+        Ok(Some(StagedArtifact {
+            path,
+            size_bytes: DUMP_CONTENT.len() as u64,
+            sha256: sha256_hex(DUMP_CONTENT),
+        }))
+    }
+
+    async fn cleanup_staging(
+        &self,
+        _backup_id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<(), gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 内存版对象存储：把上传内容按 key 保存并支持 Head/Delete/预签名。
+pub(crate) struct FakeObjectStore {
+    pub(crate) objects: Mutex<std::collections::HashMap<String, Vec<u8>>>,
+    upload_error: Option<BackupError>,
+}
+
+impl FakeObjectStore {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            objects: Mutex::new(std::collections::HashMap::new()),
+            upload_error: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 让上传返回指定的脱敏 S3 错误。
+    pub(crate) fn fail_upload(mut self, code: &'static str, message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        self.upload_error = Some(BackupError::new(code, message.into()));
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn object(&self, key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+        self.objects.lock().expect("objects").get(key).cloned()
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl BackupObjectStorePort for FakeObjectStore {
+    async fn test_connection(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+    ) -> Result<ConnectionTestResult, gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        Ok(ConnectionTestResult {
+            ok: true,
+            stage: "deleteObject",
+            code: None,
+            message: "连接测试成功".to_owned(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn upload_file(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        request: UploadObjectRequest,
+    ) -> Result<(), gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        if let Some(error) = &self.upload_error {
+            return Err(error.clone());
+        }
+        let content = std::fs::read(&request.source).map_err(|_| {
+            gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError::new(
+                gateway_admin::model::backup::code::S3_UPLOAD_FAILED,
+                "read source".to_owned(),
+            )
+        })?;
+        self.objects
+            .lock()
+            .expect("objects")
+            .insert(request.object_key, content);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn head_object(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        object_key: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<BackupObjectMetadata>, gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        let Some(content) = self.object(object_key) else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        Ok(Some(BackupObjectMetadata::new(
+            "backup-test".to_owned(),
+            sha256_hex(&content),
+            Utc::now(),
+            content.len() as u64,
+        )))
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_object(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        object_key: &str,
+    ) -> Result<(), gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        self.objects.lock().expect("objects").remove(object_key);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn presigned_download(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        object_key: &str,
+        _file_name: &str,
+        _ttl: std::time::Duration,
+    ) -> Result<String, gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        Ok(format!("https://presigned.example.com/{object_key}"))
+    }
+}
+
+/// 记录审计事件的假 AuthStore。
+pub(crate) struct FakeAuthStore {
+    audit: Mutex<Vec<AdminAuditEvent>>,
+}
+
+impl FakeAuthStore {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            audit: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn audit_actions(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        self.audit
+            .lock()
+            .expect("audit")
+            .iter()
+            .map(|event| event.action.clone())
+            .collect()
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AuthStore for FakeAuthStore {
+    async fn load_password_hash(&self, _admin_user_id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<String>> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+    async fn create_password_hash_if_absent(
+        &self,
+        _admin_user_id: &str,
+        _password_hash: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+    async fn load_admin_api_key(
+        &self,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<gateway_admin::model::settings::AdminApiKey>> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+    async fn load_session(
+        &self,
+        _session_id: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<gateway_admin::model::auth::AdminSession>> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+    async fn store_session(
+        &self,
+        _session_id: &str,
+        _session: &gateway_admin::model::auth::AdminSession,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    async fn delete_session(
+        &self,
+        _session_id: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<gateway_admin::model::auth::AdminSession>> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+    async fn append_audit_event(&self, event: AdminAuditEvent) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
+        self.audit.lock().expect("audit").push(event);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 系统发起者上下文。
+pub(crate) fn system_context() -> MutationContext {
+    MutationContext {
+        actor: MutationActor::System,
+        request_id: "backup-runtime-test".to_owned(),
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+//! BackupTask 执行链测试：驱动内存 fake 端口跑完整 dump/upload/verify/retention 流程。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+use gateway_admin::{
+    backup::task::BackupTask,
+    model::backup::{
+        BackupRecordSeed, BackupStatus, BackupTriggerKind, UpdateBackupScheduleCommand, code,
+    },
+    ports::backup::{BackupRepository, DatabaseDumpPort, DumpRequest},
+};
+use gateway_core::engine::CancellationToken;
+
+use super::support::{
+    DUMP_CONTENT, FakeBackupRepository, FakeDumpPort, FakeObjectStore, backup_id,
+    configured_settings, sha256_hex, system_context,
+};
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn backup_task_runs_full_dump_upload_verify_pipeline() {
+    let repository = Arc::new(FakeBackupRepository::new(configured_settings()));
+    let dump = Arc::new(FakeDumpPort::new());
+    let object_store = Arc::new(FakeObjectStore::new());
+
+    let seed = BackupRecordSeed {
+        id: backup_id("manual"),
+        trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind::Manual,
+        scheduled_at: None,
+        object_key: "codex/2026/08/01/manual.dump".to_owned(),
+        expires_at: None,
+    };
+    repository
+        .insert_backup_record(seed.clone())
+        .await
+        .expect("insert queued");
+
+    let task = BackupTask::new(repository.clone(), dump.clone(), object_store.clone());
+    task.run_cycle(&CancellationToken::new())
+        .await
+        .expect("run cycle");
+
+    let records = repository.all_records();
+    assert_eq!(records.len(), 1);
+    let finished = &records[0];
+    assert_eq!(finished.status, BackupStatus::Completed);
+    assert_eq!(finished.size_bytes, Some(DUMP_CONTENT.len() as u64));
+    assert_eq!(
+        finished.sha256.as_deref(),
+        Some(sha256_hex(DUMP_CONTENT).as_str())
+    );
+
+    // 对象已上传且内容与本地归档一致。
+    let stored = object_store
+        .object(&seed.object_key)
+        .expect("uploaded object exists");
+    assert_eq!(stored.as_slice(), DUMP_CONTENT);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn backup_task_marks_failed_when_dump_port_fails() {
+    let repository = Arc::new(FakeBackupRepository::new(configured_settings()));
+    let dump = Arc::new(FakeDumpPort::new().fail_next_dump());
+    let object_store = Arc::new(FakeObjectStore::new());
+
+    let seed = BackupRecordSeed {
+        id: backup_id("fail"),
+        trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind::Manual,
+        scheduled_at: None,
+        object_key: "codex/2026/08/01/fail.dump".to_owned(),
+        expires_at: None,
+    };
+    repository
+        .insert_backup_record(seed.clone())
+        .await
+        .expect("insert queued");
+
+    let task = BackupTask::new(repository.clone(), dump.clone(), object_store.clone());
+    task.run_cycle(&CancellationToken::new())
+        .await
+        .expect("run cycle");
+
+    let records = repository.all_records();
+    let failed = &records[0];
+    assert_eq!(failed.status, BackupStatus::Failed);
+    assert_eq!(failed.error_code.as_deref(), Some("backup.pg_dump_failed"));
+    assert!(failed.completed_at.is_some());
+    // 归档未上传，对象不存在。
+    assert!(object_store.object(&seed.object_key).is_none());
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn backup_task_marks_failed_with_the_upload_error() {
+    let repository = Arc::new(FakeBackupRepository::new(configured_settings()));
+    let dump = Arc::new(FakeDumpPort::new());
+    let object_store =
+        Arc::new(FakeObjectStore::new().fail_upload(code::S3_UPLOAD_FAILED, "对象存储拒绝上传"));
+    let seed = BackupRecordSeed {
+        id: backup_id("upload-failure"),
+        trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind::Manual,
+        scheduled_at: None,
+        object_key: "codex/2026/08/01/upload-failure.dump".to_owned(),
+        expires_at: None,
+    };
+    repository
+        .insert_backup_record(seed.clone())
+        .await
+        .expect("insert queued");
+
+    let task = BackupTask::new(repository.clone(), dump, object_store);
+    task.run_cycle(&CancellationToken::new())
+        .await
+        .expect("run cycle");
+
+    let records = repository.all_records();
+    let failed = &records[0];
+    assert_eq!(failed.status, BackupStatus::Failed);
+    assert_eq!(failed.error_code.as_deref(), Some(code::S3_UPLOAD_FAILED));
+    assert_eq!(
+        failed.error_message.as_deref(),
+        Some("上传到对象存储失败：对象存储拒绝上传")
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn backup_task_recovery_marks_failed_with_the_upload_error() {
+    let repository = Arc::new(FakeBackupRepository::new(configured_settings()));
+    let dump = Arc::new(FakeDumpPort::new());
+    let object_store =
+        Arc::new(FakeObjectStore::new().fail_upload(code::S3_UPLOAD_FAILED, "对象存储拒绝上传"));
+    let seed = BackupRecordSeed {
+        id: backup_id("recovered-upload-failure"),
+        trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind::Manual,
+        scheduled_at: None,
+        object_key: "codex/2026/08/01/recovered-upload-failure.dump".to_owned(),
+        expires_at: None,
+    };
+    repository
+        .insert_backup_record(seed.clone())
+        .await
+        .expect("insert queued");
+    let cancellation = CancellationToken::new();
+    dump.dump(DumpRequest {
+        backup_id: seed.id.clone(),
+        cancellation: cancellation.clone(),
+    })
+    .await
+    .expect("stage dump");
+    repository.force_status(&seed.id, BackupStatus::Dumping);
+
+    let task = BackupTask::new(repository.clone(), dump, object_store);
+    task.run_cycle(&cancellation).await.expect("run cycle");
+
+    let records = repository.all_records();
+    let failed = &records[0];
+    assert_eq!(failed.status, BackupStatus::Failed);
+    assert_eq!(failed.error_code.as_deref(), Some(code::S3_UPLOAD_FAILED));
+    assert_eq!(
+        failed.error_message.as_deref(),
+        Some("上传到对象存储失败：对象存储拒绝上传")
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn retention_cleans_expired_scheduled_backups() {
+    let repository = Arc::new(FakeBackupRepository::new(configured_settings()));
+    let dump = Arc::new(FakeDumpPort::new());
+    let object_store = Arc::new(FakeObjectStore::new());
+
+    // 造一条旧 completed 计划备份（超过 retention_days）与一条新备份。
+    let old_seed = BackupRecordSeed {
+        id: backup_id("old"),
+        trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+        scheduled_at: Some(Utc::now() - Duration::days(40)),
+        object_key: "codex/2026/06/01/old.dump".to_owned(),
+        expires_at: None,
+    };
+    let new_seed = BackupRecordSeed {
+        id: backup_id("new"),
+        trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+        scheduled_at: Some(Utc::now() - Duration::days(1)),
+        object_key: "codex/2026/07/01/new.dump".to_owned(),
+        expires_at: None,
+    };
+    repository
+        .insert_scheduled_record(old_seed.clone())
+        .await
+        .expect("insert old");
+    // 旧备份 40 天前完成（释放活跃名额），再插入新备份。
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    repository.set_completed(&backup_id("old"), now - Duration::days(40));
+    repository
+        .insert_scheduled_record(new_seed.clone())
+        .await
+        .expect("insert new");
+    // 新备份 1 天前完成。
+    repository.set_completed(&backup_id("new"), now - Duration::days(1));
+    // 两个对象都已上传。
+    object_store
+        .objects
+        .lock()
+        .expect("objects")
+        .insert(old_seed.object_key.clone(), DUMP_CONTENT.to_vec());
+    object_store
+        .objects
+        .lock()
+        .expect("objects")
+        .insert(new_seed.object_key.clone(), DUMP_CONTENT.to_vec());
+
+    // 设置 retention_days = 30。
+    repository
+        .update_schedule_settings(
+            UpdateBackupScheduleCommand {
+                schedule_enabled: false,
+                cron_expression: "0 2 * * *".to_owned(),
+                schedule_timezone: "Asia/Shanghai".to_owned(),
+                retention_days: 30,
+                retention_count: 0,
+            },
+            None,
+            &system_context(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("set retention");
+
+    let task = BackupTask::new(repository.clone(), dump.clone(), object_store.clone());
+    task.run_cycle(&CancellationToken::new())
+        .await
+        .expect("run cycle");
+
+    // 旧备份被硬删除，对象被删除；新备份保留。
+    let records = repository.all_records();
+    let ids: Vec<_> = records.iter().map(|record| record.id.as_str()).collect();
+    assert_eq!(ids, vec![backup_id("new").as_str()]);
+    assert!(object_store.object(&old_seed.object_key).is_none());
+    assert!(object_store.object(&new_seed.object_key).is_some());
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+use std::str::FromStr as _;
+
+use chrono::{TimeDelta, Utc};
+use gateway_core::engine::credential::OpaqueProviderData;
+
+use gateway_admin::{
+    model::{
+        PageSize, Revision,
+        auth::LoginCommand,
+        client_keys::ClientKeyPageSize,
+        observability::{DecimalAmount, RequestOutcome, TimeRange},
+        provider_credentials::{
+            CredentialCommitGuard, ProviderDocument, ProviderQuota, ProviderQuotaWindow,
+            QuotaLocalUsageAttribution,
+        },
+        settings::AdminApiKey,
+    },
+    ports::store::{AccountStore, AuthStore, ClientKeyStore, ObservabilityStore, SettingsStore},
+};
+
+mod backup;
+mod model;
+mod use_case;
+
+#[test]
+fn revision_should_reject_zero() {
+    assert!(Revision::new(0).is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn page_size_should_accept_frozen_upper_bound() {
+    assert_eq!(PageSize::new(200).map(PageSize::get), Ok(200));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn page_size_should_reject_value_above_frozen_upper_bound() {
+    assert!(PageSize::new(201).is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn client_key_page_size_should_keep_the_full_nonzero_u16_contract() {
+    assert!(ClientKeyPageSize::new(0).is_err());
+    assert_eq!(
+        ClientKeyPageSize::new(u16::MAX).map(ClientKeyPageSize::get),
+        Ok(u16::MAX)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn request_outcome_filter_should_preserve_known_and_bounded_other_values() {
+    let known = RequestOutcome::new("succeeded").expect("known outcome");
+    let other = RequestOutcome::new("provider_future_state").expect("other outcome");
+
+    assert_eq!(known, RequestOutcome::Succeeded);
+    assert!(matches!(&other, RequestOutcome::Other(_)));
+    assert_eq!(other.as_str(), "provider_future_state");
+    assert!(RequestOutcome::new("").is_err());
+    assert!(RequestOutcome::new("a".repeat(RequestOutcome::MAX_BYTES + 1)).is_err());
+    assert!(RequestOutcome::new("future\nstate").is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn time_range_should_accept_exactly_366_days() {
+    let end = Utc::now();
+    assert!(TimeRange::new(end - TimeDelta::days(366), end).is_ok());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn time_range_should_reject_more_than_366_days() {
+    let end = Utc::now();
+    assert!(TimeRange::new(end - TimeDelta::days(366) - TimeDelta::seconds(1), end).is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn decimal_amount_should_canonicalize_redundant_zeroes() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        DecimalAmount::from_str("00012.34000").map(|amount| amount.to_string()),
+        Ok("12.34".to_owned())
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn admin_api_key_debug_should_redact_plaintext() {
+    let key = AdminApiKey::new("secret-admin-key");
+    assert!(!format!("{key:?}").contains("secret-admin-key"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn login_command_debug_should_redact_password() {
+    let command = LoginCommand {
+        username: None,
+        password: "secret-password".to_owned(),
+    };
+    assert!(!format!("{command:?}").contains("secret-password"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn all_store_capability_traits_should_be_object_safe() {
+    fn assert_object_safe<T: ?Sized + Send + Sync>() {}
+
+    assert_object_safe::<dyn AccountStore>();
+    assert_object_safe::<dyn AuthStore>();
+    assert_object_safe::<dyn ClientKeyStore>();
+    assert_object_safe::<dyn ObservabilityStore>();
+    assert_object_safe::<dyn SettingsStore>();
+
+    fn assert_send_object_safe<T: ?Sized + Send>() {}
+    assert_send_object_safe::<dyn CredentialCommitGuard>();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn provider_document_debug_should_not_expose_opaque_material() {
+    let document = ProviderDocument::new(OpaqueProviderData::new(Default::default()));
+    assert_eq!(
+        format!("{document:?}"),
+        "ProviderDocument([PROVIDER_OWNED])"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn representative_quota_should_prefer_short_window_and_highest_usage() {
+    let quota = ProviderQuota {
+        observed_at: None,
+        refresh_token_expires_at: None,
+        windows: vec![
+            quota_window("monthly", Some(2_592_000), Some(99.0)),
+            quota_window("shortTerm", Some(604_800), Some(80.0)),
+            quota_window("shortTerm", Some(18_000), Some(30.0)),
+            quota_window("shortTerm", Some(14_400), Some(45.0)),
+        ],
+        limit_reached: false,
+        provider_data: None,
+    };
+
+    assert_eq!(quota.representative_used_percent(), Some(45.0));
+}
+
+fn quota_window(
+    group: &str,
+    window_seconds: Option<u64>,
+    used_percent: Option<f64>,
+) -> ProviderQuotaWindow {
+    ProviderQuotaWindow {
+        key: group.to_owned(),
+        group: group.to_owned(),
+        label: group.to_owned(),
+        source: None,
+        local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide,
+        window_seconds,
+        used_percent,
+        reset_at: None,
+        limit_reached: false,
+        local_usage: None,
+        provider_data: None,
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+//! 备份领域模型（model/backup.rs）的纯逻辑测试。
+
+use chrono::{TimeZone as _, Utc};
+use secrecy::SecretString;
+
+use gateway_admin::model::backup::{
+    BackupSettings, BackupStatus, BackupStorageConfig, BackupTriggerKind, build_object_key,
+};
+
+#[test]
+fn status_machine_rejects_invalid_transitions() {
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Queued.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Dumping));
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Dumping.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Uploading));
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Uploading.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Completed));
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Completed.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Deleting));
+    assert!(!BackupStatus::Queued.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Completed));
+    assert!(!BackupStatus::Completed.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Dumping));
+    assert!(!BackupStatus::Deleting.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Failed));
+    assert!(!BackupStatus::Deleting.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Completed));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn status_classification() {
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Queued.is_active());
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Uploading.is_active());
+    assert!(!BackupStatus::Completed.is_active());
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Completed.can_be_deleted());
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Failed.can_be_deleted());
+    assert!(!BackupStatus::Queued.can_be_deleted());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn object_key_shape() {
+    let at = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 8, 1, 12, 30, 0).unwrap();
+    let key = build_object_key("production/backups", "backup_abc", at).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        key,
+        "production/backups/2026/08/01/codex-proxy-rs_20260801_123000_abc.dump"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn object_key_rejects_dangerous_prefixes() {
+    let at = Utc::now();
+    assert!(build_object_key("/leading", "backup_x", at).is_err());
+    assert!(build_object_key("a/../b", "backup_x", at).is_err());
+    assert!(build_object_key("a\\b", "backup_x", at).is_err());
+    assert!(build_object_key("a\u{0001}b", "backup_x", at).is_err());
+    assert!(build_object_key("", "backup_x", at).is_err());
+    assert!(build_object_key("trailing//", "backup_x", at).is_ok());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn trigger_and_status_roundtrip() {
+    for status in [
+        BackupStatus::Queued,
+        BackupStatus::Dumping,
+        BackupStatus::Uploading,
+        BackupStatus::Completed,
+        BackupStatus::Failed,
+        BackupStatus::Deleting,
+    ] {
+        assert_eq!(BackupStatus::parse(status.as_str()), Some(status));
+    }
+    assert_eq!(
+        BackupTriggerKind::parse("manual"),
+        Some(BackupTriggerKind::Manual)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        BackupTriggerKind::parse("scheduled"),
+        Some(BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(BackupTriggerKind::parse("unknown"), None);
+    assert_eq!(BackupStatus::parse("skipped"), None);
+    assert_eq!(BackupStatus::parse("deleted"), None);
+    assert_eq!(BackupStatus::parse("unknown"), None);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_from_settings_redacts_secret_in_debug() {
+    let mut settings = BackupSettings {
+        storage_revision: 3,
+        endpoint: Some("https://example.com".to_owned()),
+        region: Some("auto".to_owned()),
+        bucket: Some("b".to_owned()),
+        access_key_id: Some("ak".to_owned()),
+        secret_access_key: Some(SecretString::from("sk-secret")),
+        prefix: Some("p".to_owned()),
+        force_path_style: false,
+        schedule_enabled: false,
+        cron_expression: None,
+        schedule_timezone: None,
+        retention_days: 0,
+        retention_count: 0,
+        next_run_at: None,
+        last_verified_at: None,
+        updated_at: Utc::now(),
+    };
+    assert!(!format!("{:?}", settings).contains("sk-secret"));
+    let config = BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings).unwrap();
+    assert!(!format!("{config:?}").contains("sk-secret"));
+    settings.endpoint = None;
+    assert!(BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings).is_none());
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+//! 模型模块测试：镜像 src/model/ 中带逻辑的模块。
+
+mod backup;
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Mutex};
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{TimeDelta, Utc};
+
+use gateway_admin::{
+    model::{
+        auth::{AdminAuditEvent, AdminSession, LoginCommand},
+        settings::AdminApiKey,
+    },
+    ports::store::{AdminStoreResult, AuthStore},
+};
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct MemoryAuthStore {
+    password_hash: Mutex<Option<String>>,
+    sessions: Mutex<BTreeMap<String, AdminSession>>,
+    audits: Mutex<Vec<AdminAuditEvent>>,
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AuthStore for MemoryAuthStore {
+    async fn load_password_hash(&self, _: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<String>> {
+        Ok(self.password_hash.lock().expect("password hash").clone())
+    }
+
+    async fn create_password_hash_if_absent(
+        &self,
+        _: &str,
+        password_hash: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        let mut stored = self.password_hash.lock().expect("password hash");
+        if stored.is_some() {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+        *stored = Some(password_hash.to_owned());
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    async fn load_admin_api_key(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AdminApiKey>> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
+    async fn load_session(&self, session_id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AdminSession>> {
+        Ok(self
+            .sessions
+            .lock()
+            .expect("sessions")
+            .get(session_id)
+            .cloned())
+    }
+
+    async fn store_session(
+        &self,
+        session_id: &str,
+        session: &AdminSession,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
+        self.sessions
+            .lock()
+            .expect("sessions")
+            .insert(session_id.to_owned(), session.clone());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_session(&self, session_id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AdminSession>> {
+        Ok(self.sessions.lock().expect("sessions").remove(session_id))
+    }
+
+    async fn append_audit_event(&self, event: AdminAuditEvent) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
+        self.audits.lock().expect("audits").push(event);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn successful_login_should_create_expiring_session_and_audit() {
+    let store = std::sync::Arc::new(MemoryAuthStore::default());
+    let services = super::AdminHarness::new().auth(store.clone()).build().await;
+
+    let result = services
+        .auth()
+        .login(LoginCommand {
+            username: Some("admin".to_owned()),
+            password: "strong-test-password".to_owned(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("login");
+
+    assert!(
+        services
+            .auth()
+            .validate_session(Some(&result.session_id))
+            .await
+            .expect("validate")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(store.audits.lock().expect("audits").len(), 1);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn repeated_default_initialization_should_not_replace_password() {
+    let store = std::sync::Arc::new(MemoryAuthStore::default());
+    super::AdminHarness::new()
+        .auth(store.clone())
+        .default_password("first-strong-password")
+        .build()
+        .await;
+    let services = super::AdminHarness::new()
+        .auth(store)
+        .default_password("second-strong-password")
+        .build()
+        .await;
+
+    assert!(
+        services
+            .auth()
+            .login(LoginCommand {
+                username: Some("admin".to_owned()),
+                password: "first-strong-password".to_owned(),
+            })
+            .await
+            .is_ok()
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn login_with_huge_session_ttl_should_clamp_expiry_instead_of_panicking() {
+    let store = std::sync::Arc::new(MemoryAuthStore::default());
+    let services = super::AdminHarness::new()
+        .auth(store.clone())
+        .session_ttl_minutes(i64::MAX as u64)
+        .build()
+        .await;
+
+    let before = Utc::now();
+    let result = services
+        .auth()
+        .login(LoginCommand {
+            username: Some("admin".to_owned()),
+            password: "strong-test-password".to_owned(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("login with huge session TTL");
+
+    assert!(result.expires_at > before);
+    assert!(result.expires_at <= before + TimeDelta::days(366) + TimeDelta::minutes(1));
+    assert!(
+        services
+            .auth()
+            .validate_session(Some(&result.session_id))
+            .await
+            .expect("validate")
+    );
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+//! BackupService 用例测试：通过 AdminHarness 注入 fake 备份端口构造真实服务。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupStatus;
+use gateway_admin::ports::backup::BackupStorePorts;
+
+use crate::backup::support::{
+    FakeAuthStore, FakeBackupRepository, FakeDumpPort, FakeObjectStore, configured_settings,
+    system_context,
+};
+
+use super::AdminHarness;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn backup_service_creates_downloads_and_deletes_with_audit() {
+    let repository = Arc::new(FakeBackupRepository::new(configured_settings()));
+    let dump = Arc::new(FakeDumpPort::new());
+    let object_store = Arc::new(FakeObjectStore::new());
+    let auth = Arc::new(FakeAuthStore::new());
+
+    let services = AdminHarness::new()
+        .auth(auth.clone())
+        .backup(BackupStorePorts::new(
+            repository.clone(),
+            dump,
+            object_store,
+        ))
+        .build()
+        .await;
+
+    // 创建手动备份 → queued + 审计。
+    let created = services
+        .backups()
+        .create_backup(&system_context(), None)
+        .await
+        .expect("create backup");
+    assert_eq!(created.status, BackupStatus::Queued);
+    assert!(created.object_key.starts_with("codex/"));
+    assert!(
+        auth.audit_actions()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|action| action == "backup.created")
+    );
+
+    // 下载地址要求 completed 记录。
+    repository.force_status(&created.id, BackupStatus::Completed);
+    let download = services
+        .backups()
+        .download_url(&system_context(), &created.id)
+        .await
+        .expect("download url");
+    assert!(download.url.starts_with("https://presigned.example.com/"));
+    assert!(
+        auth.audit_actions()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|action| action == "backup.download_url_created")
+    );
+
+    // 删除 → deleting + 审计。
+    let deleting = services
+        .backups()
+        .delete_backup(&system_context(), &created.id)
+        .await
+        .expect("delete backup");
+    assert_eq!(deleting.status, BackupStatus::Deleting);
+    assert!(
+        auth.audit_actions()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|action| action == "backup.delete_requested")
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn backup_service_rejects_download_of_non_completed_record() {
+    let repository = Arc::new(FakeBackupRepository::new(configured_settings()));
+    let dump = Arc::new(FakeDumpPort::new());
+    let object_store = Arc::new(FakeObjectStore::new());
+    let auth = Arc::new(FakeAuthStore::new());
+
+    let services = AdminHarness::new()
+        .auth(auth.clone())
+        .backup(BackupStorePorts::new(
+            repository.clone(),
+            dump,
+            object_store,
+        ))
+        .build()
+        .await;
+
+    let created = services
+        .backups()
+        .create_backup(&system_context(), None)
+        .await
+        .expect("create backup");
+
+    // queued 记录不能创建下载地址。
+    let error = services
+        .backups()
+        .download_url(&system_context(), &created.id)
+        .await
+        .expect_err("non-completed record must be rejected");
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), gateway_admin::model::AdminErrorKind::Conflict);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use gateway_core::policy::ClientApiKeyId;
+
+use gateway_admin::{
+    model::{
+        AdminErrorKind, MutationContext, Revision,
+        client_keys::{
+            ClientKeyCursor, ClientKeyCursorValue, ClientKeyListQuery, ClientKeyPage,
+            ClientKeyPageSize, ClientKeyRecord, ClientKeySecret, ClientKeySort, ClientKeySortField,
+            DeleteClientKey, NewClientKey, SetClientKeyEnabled, SortDirection, UpdateClientKey,
+        },
+    },
+    ports::store::{AdminStoreError, AdminStoreErrorKind, AdminStoreResult, ClientKeyStore},
+};
+
+struct UnusedClientKeyStore;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl ClientKeyStore for UnusedClientKeyStore {
+    async fn list_client_keys(&self, query: ClientKeyListQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<ClientKeyPage> {
+        assert_eq!(query.page_size.get(), u16::MAX);
+        Ok(ClientKeyPage {
+            config_revision: Revision::new(1).expect("revision"),
+            items: Vec::new(),
+            total: 0,
+            next_cursor: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn reveal_client_key(
+        &self,
+        _: &ClientApiKeyId,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<ClientKeySecret>> {
+        Err(unused())
+    }
+
+    async fn create_client_key(
+        &self,
+        _: NewClientKey,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(Revision, ClientKeyRecord)> {
+        Err(unused())
+    }
+
+    async fn update_client_key(
+        &self,
+        _: UpdateClientKey,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(Revision, ClientKeyRecord)> {
+        Err(unused())
+    }
+
+    async fn set_client_key_enabled(
+        &self,
+        _: SetClientKeyEnabled,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(Revision, ClientKeyRecord)> {
+        Err(unused())
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_client_key(
+        &self,
+        _: DeleteClientKey,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Revision> {
+        Err(unused())
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn client_key_cursor_should_reject_value_that_does_not_match_sort() {
+    let services = super::AdminHarness::new()
+        .client_keys(std::sync::Arc::new(UnusedClientKeyStore))
+        .build()
+        .await;
+    let sort = ClientKeySort {
+        field: ClientKeySortField::Name,
+        direction: SortDirection::Asc,
+    };
+    let error = services
+        .client_keys()
+        .list(ClientKeyListQuery {
+            cursor: Some(ClientKeyCursor {
+                sort,
+                value: ClientKeyCursorValue::Enabled(true),
+                id: ClientApiKeyId::new("key_cursor").expect("key ID"),
+            }),
+            page_size: ClientKeyPageSize::new(50).expect("page size"),
+            search: None,
+            sort,
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect_err("mismatched cursor must fail");
+
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), AdminErrorKind::Invalid);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn client_key_list_should_forward_the_full_nonzero_u16_page_size() {
+    let services = super::AdminHarness::new()
+        .client_keys(std::sync::Arc::new(UnusedClientKeyStore))
+        .build()
+        .await;
+    let page = services
+        .client_keys()
+        .list(ClientKeyListQuery {
+            cursor: None,
+            page_size: ClientKeyPageSize::new(u16::MAX).expect("maximum page size"),
+            search: None,
+            sort: ClientKeySort {
+                field: ClientKeySortField::CreatedAt,
+                direction: SortDirection::Desc,
+            },
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("maximum page size should reach store");
+
+    assert_eq!(page.total, 0);
+}
+
+fn unused() -> AdminStoreError {
+    AdminStoreError::new(
+        AdminStoreErrorKind::Unavailable,
+        "client key",
+        "unused in this test",
+    )
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,798 @@
+mod accounts;
+mod auth;
+mod backup;
+mod client_keys;
+mod observability;
+mod openai;
+mod settings;
+mod system;
+mod xai;
+
+use std::{
+    str::FromStr,
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+};
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use futures::future::BoxFuture;
+use gateway_admin::{
+    AdminConfig, AdminServices, InitialAdminPassword,
+    model::{
+        MutationContext, Revision,
+        account_groups::{
+            AccountGroupListQuery, AccountGroupMutation, AccountGroupPage, DeleteAccountGroup,
+            NewAccountGroup, SetAccountGroupEnabled, UpdateAccountGroup,
+        },
+        accounts::{
+            AccountListQuery, AccountPage, AccountUpdateResult, AccountUsage,
+            AccountUsageWindowQuery, AccountUsageWindowResult, AccountsUpdateResult,
+            BatchUpdateAccounts, DeleteAccounts, UpdateAccount,
+        },
+        auth::{AdminAuditEvent, AdminSession},
+        client_keys::{
+            ClientKeyListQuery, ClientKeyPage, ClientKeyRecord, ClientKeySecret, DeleteClientKey,
+            NewClientKey, SetClientKeyEnabled, UpdateClientKey,
+        },
+        observability::{
+            DashboardDesktopRelease, DashboardObservation, DashboardWireAttribute,
+            DashboardWireProfile, DashboardWireTarget, DesktopReleaseStatus, DiagnosticDimension,
+            DiagnosticObservation, OpsErrorPage, OpsErrorQuery, RequestMetricPoint, TimeRange,
+            UsageDetail, UsageFilter, UsageOverview, UsagePage, UsageQuery,
+        },
+        provider_credentials::{
+            AuthorizationCommit, AuthorizationStarted, CompleteAuthorization, CredentialDetails,
+            CredentialImportCommit, CredentialImportResult, CredentialListQuery,
+            CredentialMutationResult, CredentialPage, CredentialRotationCommit,
+            PendingAuthorizationMutation, PrepareCredentialImport, PrepareCredentialRefresh,
+            PrepareCredentialRotation, PreparedAuthorizationCommit, PreparedCredentialImport,
+            PreparedCredentialRotation, ProviderExport, ProviderExportCredentialInput,
+            ProviderModels, ProviderQuota,
+        },
+        settings::{AdminApiKey, AdminApiKeyMutation, ReplaceRuntimeSettings, RuntimeSettings},
+        system::{SystemOperationAccepted, SystemUpdateDetail, SystemUpdateStatus, SystemVersion},
+    },
+    ports::{
+        backup::BackupStorePorts,
+        provider::{ProviderAdmin, ProviderAdminError, ProviderAdminErrorKind},
+        store::{
+            AccountGroupStore, AccountStore, AdminStoreError, AdminStoreErrorKind, AdminStorePorts,
+            AdminStoreResult, AuthStore, ClientKeyStore, ObservabilityStore, SettingsStore,
+        },
+        system::{
+            SystemOperationError, SystemOperationErrorKind, SystemOperations,
+            SystemUpdateEventStream,
+        },
+    },
+};
+use gateway_core::{
+    engine::{
+        credential::ProviderAccountId,
+        probe::{AccountProbe, AccountProbeError, AccountProbeRequest, AccountProbeResult},
+    },
+    error::{GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind},
+    policy::ClientApiKeyId,
+    routing::{ConfigRevision, ProviderKind, snapshot::SnapshotControl},
+};
+
+pub(super) struct AdminHarness {
+    default_password: String,
+    session_ttl_minutes: u64,
+    accounts: Arc<dyn AccountStore>,
+    auth: Arc<dyn AuthStore>,
+    client_keys: Arc<dyn ClientKeyStore>,
+    observability: Arc<dyn ObservabilityStore>,
+    settings: Arc<dyn SettingsStore>,
+    backup: BackupStorePorts,
+    providers: Vec<Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin>>,
+    probe: Arc<dyn AccountProbe>,
+    system: Arc<dyn SystemOperations>,
+}
+
+impl AdminHarness {
+    pub(super) fn new() -> Self {
+        let unavailable = Arc::new(UnavailableStore);
+        Self {
+            default_password: "strong-test-password".to_owned(),
+            session_ttl_minutes: 60,
+            accounts: unavailable.clone(),
+            auth: Arc::new(BootstrapAuthStore::default()),
+            client_keys: unavailable.clone(),
+            observability: unavailable.clone(),
+            settings: unavailable,
+            backup: BackupStorePorts::disabled(),
+            providers: vec![
+                Arc::new(UnavailableProvider::new("openai")),
+                Arc::new(UnavailableProvider::new("xai")),
+            ],
+            probe: Arc::new(UnavailableProbe),
+            system: Arc::new(UnavailableSystem),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn default_password(mut self, password: &str) -> Self {
+        self.default_password = password.to_owned();
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn session_ttl_minutes(mut self, minutes: u64) -> Self {
+        self.session_ttl_minutes = minutes;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn accounts(mut self, store: Arc<dyn AccountStore>) -> Self {
+        self.accounts = store;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn auth(mut self, store: Arc<dyn AuthStore>) -> Self {
+        self.auth = store;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn client_keys(mut self, store: Arc<dyn ClientKeyStore>) -> Self {
+        self.client_keys = store;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn observability(mut self, store: Arc<dyn ObservabilityStore>) -> Self {
+        self.observability = store;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn settings(mut self, store: Arc<dyn SettingsStore>) -> Self {
+        self.settings = store;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn backup(mut self, backup: BackupStorePorts) -> Self {
+        self.backup = backup;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn provider(mut self, provider: Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin>) -> Self {
+        self.providers
+            .retain(|registered| registered.provider_kind() != provider.provider_kind());
+        self.providers.push(provider);
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn probe(mut self, probe: Arc<dyn AccountProbe>) -> Self {
+        self.probe = probe;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn system(mut self, system: Arc<dyn SystemOperations>) -> Self {
+        self.system = system;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(super) async fn build(self) -> AdminServices {
+        gateway_admin::initialize(
+            AdminConfig {
+                session_ttl_minutes: self.session_ttl_minutes,
+                default_username: "admin".to_owned(),
+                default_password: InitialAdminPassword::new(self.default_password),
+            },
+            AdminStorePorts::new(
+                self.accounts,
+                Arc::new(UnavailableAccountGroupStore),
+                self.auth,
+                self.client_keys,
+                self.observability,
+                self.settings,
+                self.backup,
+            ),
+            self.providers,
+            Arc::new(NoopSnapshot),
+            self.probe,
+            self.system,
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("initialize admin test harness")
+        .services()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct BootstrapAuthStore {
+    password_hash: Mutex<Option<String>>,
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AuthStore for BootstrapAuthStore {
+    async fn load_password_hash(&self, _: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<String>> {
+        Ok(self.password_hash.lock().expect("password hash").clone())
+    }
+
+    async fn create_password_hash_if_absent(
+        &self,
+        _: &str,
+        password_hash: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        let mut stored = self.password_hash.lock().expect("password hash");
+        if stored.is_some() {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+        *stored = Some(password_hash.to_owned());
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    async fn load_admin_api_key(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AdminApiKey>> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
+    async fn load_session(&self, _: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AdminSession>> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
+    async fn store_session(&self, _: &str, _: &AdminSession) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
+        Err(unavailable("admin session"))
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_session(&self, _: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AdminSession>> {
+        Err(unavailable("admin session"))
+    }
+
+    async fn append_audit_event(&self, _: AdminAuditEvent) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+struct UnavailableStore;
+
+struct UnavailableAccountGroupStore;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AccountGroupStore for UnavailableAccountGroupStore {
+    async fn list_account_groups(
+        &self,
+        _: AccountGroupListQuery,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupPage> {
+        Err(unavailable("account groups"))
+    }
+
+    async fn create_account_group(
+        &self,
+        _: NewAccountGroup,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation> {
+        Err(unavailable("account group create"))
+    }
+
+    async fn update_account_group(
+        &self,
+        _: UpdateAccountGroup,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation> {
+        Err(unavailable("account group update"))
+    }
+
+    async fn set_account_group_enabled(
+        &self,
+        _: SetAccountGroupEnabled,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation> {
+        Err(unavailable("account group state"))
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_account_group(
+        &self,
+        _: DeleteAccountGroup,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation> {
+        Err(unavailable("account group delete"))
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AccountStore for UnavailableStore {
+    async fn list_accounts(&self, _: AccountListQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountPage> {
+        Err(unavailable("accounts"))
+    }
+
+    async fn load_account(
+        &self,
+        _: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<gateway_admin::model::accounts::AccountPageItem>> {
+        Err(unavailable("account"))
+    }
+
+    async fn load_account_usage(
+        &self,
+        _: TimeRange,
+        _: &[String],
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<AccountUsage>> {
+        Err(unavailable("account usage"))
+    }
+
+    async fn load_account_usage_by_windows(
+        &self,
+        _: &[AccountUsageWindowQuery],
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<AccountUsageWindowResult>> {
+        Err(unavailable("account quota window usage"))
+    }
+
+    async fn list_credentials(
+        &self,
+        _: &ProviderKind,
+        _: CredentialListQuery,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<CredentialPage> {
+        Err(unavailable("credentials"))
+    }
+
+    async fn credential_details(
+        &self,
+        _: &ProviderKind,
+        _: &ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<CredentialDetails>> {
+        Err(unavailable("credential"))
+    }
+
+    async fn load_credentials_for_export(
+        &self,
+        _: &ProviderKind,
+        _: &[ProviderAccountId],
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<ProviderExportCredentialInput>> {
+        Err(unavailable("credential export"))
+    }
+
+    async fn commit_credential_import(
+        &self,
+        _: CredentialImportCommit,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<CredentialImportResult> {
+        Err(unavailable("credential import"))
+    }
+
+    async fn commit_authorization(
+        &self,
+        _: AuthorizationCommit,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<CredentialMutationResult> {
+        Err(unavailable("authorization"))
+    }
+
+    async fn commit_credential_rotation(
+        &self,
+        _: CredentialRotationCommit,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<CredentialMutationResult> {
+        Err(unavailable("credential rotation"))
+    }
+
+    async fn commit_credential_refresh(
+        &self,
+        _: CredentialRotationCommit,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<CredentialMutationResult> {
+        Err(unavailable("credential refresh"))
+    }
+
+    async fn update_account(
+        &self,
+        _: UpdateAccount,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountUpdateResult> {
+        Err(unavailable("account enabled"))
+    }
+
+    async fn recover_account(
+        &self,
+        _: &ProviderAccountId,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountUpdateResult> {
+        Err(unavailable("account recovery"))
+    }
+
+    async fn batch_update_accounts(
+        &self,
+        _: BatchUpdateAccounts,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountsUpdateResult> {
+        Err(unavailable("account batch update"))
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_accounts(
+        &self,
+        _: DeleteAccounts,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Revision> {
+        Err(unavailable("account delete"))
+    }
+
+    async fn record_credential_export(
+        &self,
+        _: &[ProviderAccountId],
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
+        Err(unavailable("credential export audit"))
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl ClientKeyStore for UnavailableStore {
+    async fn list_client_keys(&self, _: ClientKeyListQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<ClientKeyPage> {
+        Err(unavailable("client key list"))
+    }
+
+    async fn reveal_client_key(
+        &self,
+        _: &ClientApiKeyId,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<ClientKeySecret>> {
+        Err(unavailable("client key"))
+    }
+
+    async fn create_client_key(
+        &self,
+        _: NewClientKey,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(Revision, ClientKeyRecord)> {
+        Err(unavailable("client key create"))
+    }
+
+    async fn update_client_key(
+        &self,
+        _: UpdateClientKey,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(Revision, ClientKeyRecord)> {
+        Err(unavailable("client key update"))
+    }
+
+    async fn set_client_key_enabled(
+        &self,
+        _: SetClientKeyEnabled,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(Revision, ClientKeyRecord)> {
+        Err(unavailable("client key enabled"))
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_client_key(
+        &self,
+        _: DeleteClientKey,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Revision> {
+        Err(unavailable("client key delete"))
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl ObservabilityStore for UnavailableStore {
+    async fn dashboard_summary(
+        &self,
+        _: TimeRange,
+        _: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<DashboardObservation> {
+        Err(unavailable("dashboard"))
+    }
+
+    async fn dashboard_trend(&self, _: TimeRange) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<RequestMetricPoint>> {
+        Err(unavailable("dashboard trend"))
+    }
+
+    async fn usage_trend(
+        &self,
+        _: TimeRange,
+        _: UsageFilter,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<RequestMetricPoint>> {
+        Err(unavailable("usage trend"))
+    }
+
+    async fn usage_calculated_billing_facts(
+        &self,
+        _: TimeRange,
+        _: UsageFilter,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<gateway_admin::model::observability::UsageCalculatedBillingFact>>
+    {
+        Err(unavailable("usage billing facts"))
+    }
+
+    async fn list_usage_records(&self, _: UsageQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<UsagePage> {
+        Err(unavailable("usage records"))
+    }
+
+    async fn usage_record_detail(&self, _: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<UsageDetail> {
+        Err(unavailable("usage detail"))
+    }
+
+    async fn usage_summary(&self, _: TimeRange, _: UsageFilter) -> AdminStoreResult<UsageOverview> {
+        Err(unavailable("usage summary"))
+    }
+
+    async fn usage_diagnostics(
+        &self,
+        _: TimeRange,
+        _: UsageFilter,
+        _: DiagnosticDimension,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<DiagnosticObservation>> {
+        Err(unavailable("usage diagnostics"))
+    }
+
+    async fn list_ops_errors(&self, _: OpsErrorQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<OpsErrorPage> {
+        Err(unavailable("ops errors"))
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl SettingsStore for UnavailableStore {
+    async fn load_runtime_settings(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<RuntimeSettings> {
+        Err(unavailable("settings"))
+    }
+
+    async fn admin_api_key_exists(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        Err(unavailable("admin API key"))
+    }
+
+    async fn replace_runtime_settings(
+        &self,
+        _: ReplaceRuntimeSettings,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<RuntimeSettings> {
+        Err(unavailable("settings"))
+    }
+
+    async fn replace_admin_api_key(
+        &self,
+        _: AdminApiKey,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
+        Err(unavailable("admin API key"))
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_admin_api_key(
+        &self,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
+        Err(unavailable("admin API key"))
+    }
+}
+
+struct UnavailableProvider {
+    kind: ProviderKind,
+    dashboard_profile: Option<DashboardWireProfile>,
+    calculated_billing: Option<gateway_admin::model::observability::CalculatedBillingBreakdown>,
+}
+
+impl UnavailableProvider {
+    fn new(kind: &str) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind: ProviderKind::new(kind).expect("provider kind"),
+            dashboard_profile: None,
+            calculated_billing: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl ProviderAdmin for UnavailableProvider {
+    fn provider_kind(&self) -> &ProviderKind {
+        &self.kind
+    }
+
+    async fn account_unavailable(&self, _: &ProviderAccountId) {}
+
+    fn connection_test_operation(
+        &self,
+        _: &gateway_core::routing::UpstreamModelId,
+        _: &str,
+    ) -> Result<gateway_core::operation::Operation, ProviderAdminError> {
+        Err(unsupported_provider())
+    }
+
+    fn dashboard_wire_profile(&self) -> Option<DashboardWireProfile> {
+        self.dashboard_profile.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn calculated_billing(
+        &self,
+        _: &gateway_admin::model::observability::ProviderBillingInput,
+    ) -> Result<
+        Option<gateway_admin::model::observability::CalculatedBillingBreakdown>,
+        ProviderAdminError,
+    > {
+        Ok(self.calculated_billing.clone())
+    }
+
+    async fn prepare_import(
+        &self,
+        _: PrepareCredentialImport,
+    ) -> Result<PreparedCredentialImport, ProviderAdminError> {
+        Err(unsupported_provider())
+    }
+
+    async fn start_authorization(
+        &self,
+        _: PendingAuthorizationMutation,
+    ) -> Result<AuthorizationStarted, ProviderAdminError> {
+        Err(unsupported_provider())
+    }
+
+    async fn complete_authorization(
+        &self,
+        _: CompleteAuthorization,
+    ) -> Result<PreparedAuthorizationCommit, ProviderAdminError> {
+        Err(unsupported_provider())
+    }
+
+    async fn prepare_rotation(
+        &self,
+        _: PrepareCredentialRotation,
+    ) -> Result<PreparedCredentialRotation, ProviderAdminError> {
+        Err(unsupported_provider())
+    }
+
+    async fn prepare_refresh(
+        &self,
+        _: PrepareCredentialRefresh,
+    ) -> Result<PreparedCredentialRotation, ProviderAdminError> {
+        Err(unsupported_provider())
+    }
+
+    async fn quota(
+        &self,
+        _: gateway_admin::model::provider_credentials::ProviderQuotaRequest,
+    ) -> Result<ProviderQuota, ProviderAdminError> {
+        Err(unsupported_provider())
+    }
+
+    async fn models(
+        &self,
+        _: &ProviderAccountId,
+        _: bool,
+    ) -> Result<ProviderModels, ProviderAdminError> {
+        Err(unsupported_provider())
+    }
+
+    async fn export_credentials(
+        &self,
+        _: Vec<ProviderExportCredentialInput>,
+    ) -> Result<ProviderExport, ProviderAdminError> {
+        Err(unsupported_provider())
+    }
+}
+
+pub(super) fn dashboard_profile_provider() -> Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin> {
+    Arc::new(UnavailableProvider {
+        kind: ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider kind"),
+        dashboard_profile: Some(DashboardWireProfile {
+            provider: "openai".to_owned(),
+            product: "gateway-admin-test".to_owned(),
+            version: "test".to_owned(),
+            build: Some("test".to_owned()),
+            target: DashboardWireTarget {
+                os_type: "linux".to_owned(),
+                os_version: "test".to_owned(),
+                arch: "x86_64".to_owned(),
+                terminal: "test".to_owned(),
+            },
+            user_agent: "gateway-admin-test".to_owned(),
+            attributes: vec![DashboardWireAttribute {
+                label: "Core".to_owned(),
+                value: "test".to_owned(),
+            }],
+            verified_at: Some(chrono::Utc::now()),
+            release: Some(DashboardDesktopRelease {
+                status: DesktopReleaseStatus::Unchecked,
+                checked_at: None,
+                latest_version: None,
+                latest_build: None,
+                published_at: None,
+                minimum_system_version: None,
+                hardware_requirements: None,
+                download_url: None,
+                download_size: None,
+                signature_present: None,
+                error: None,
+            }),
+        }),
+        calculated_billing: None,
+    })
+}
+
+pub(super) fn calculated_billing_provider() -> Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin> {
+    let amount = |value| gateway_admin::model::observability::CurrencyCost {
+        currency: "USD".to_owned(),
+        amount: gateway_admin::model::observability::DecimalAmount::from_str(value)
+            .expect("test billing amount"),
+    };
+    Arc::new(UnavailableProvider {
+        kind: ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider kind"),
+        dashboard_profile: None,
+        calculated_billing: Some(
+            gateway_admin::model::observability::CalculatedBillingBreakdown {
+                input_amount: amount("0.8"),
+                output_amount: amount("0.2"),
+                cache_read_amount: amount("0"),
+                cache_write_amount: amount("0"),
+                standard_amount: amount("1"),
+                total_amount: amount("1.25"),
+                input_price_per_million: amount("0"),
+                output_price_per_million: amount("0"),
+                cache_read_price_per_million: amount("0"),
+                cache_write_price_per_million: amount("0"),
+                service_tier: None,
+                multiplier_percent: 125,
+            },
+        ),
+    })
+}
+
+struct NoopSnapshot;
+
+impl SnapshotControl for NoopSnapshot {
+    fn publish_committed(&self, _: ConfigRevision) -> BoxFuture<'_, ()> {
+        Box::pin(async {})
+    }
+}
+
+struct UnavailableProbe;
+
+impl AccountProbe for UnavailableProbe {
+    fn probe(
+        &self,
+        _: AccountProbeRequest,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<AccountProbeResult, AccountProbeError>> {
+        Box::pin(async {
+            Err(GatewayError::new(
+                GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                "test account probe is unavailable",
+            )
+            .into())
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+struct UnavailableSystem;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl SystemOperations for UnavailableSystem {
+    async fn version(&self) -> Result<SystemVersion, SystemOperationError> {
+        Err(unavailable_system())
+    }
+
+    async fn update_detail(&self, _: bool) -> Result<SystemUpdateDetail, SystemOperationError> {
+        Err(unavailable_system())
+    }
+
+    fn update_events(&self) -> SystemUpdateEventStream {
+        Box::pin(futures::stream::empty())
+    }
+
+    async fn perform_update(
+        &self,
+        _: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, SystemOperationError> {
+        Err(unavailable_system())
+    }
+
+    async fn update_status(&self) -> Result<SystemUpdateStatus, SystemOperationError> {
+        Err(unavailable_system())
+    }
+
+    async fn rollback(&self) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, SystemOperationError> {
+        Err(unavailable_system())
+    }
+
+    async fn restart(&self) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, SystemOperationError> {
+        Err(unavailable_system())
+    }
+}
+
+fn unavailable(resource: &'static str) -> AdminStoreError {
+    AdminStoreError::new(
+        AdminStoreErrorKind::Unavailable,
+        resource,
+        "unavailable in this test",
+    )
+}
+
+fn unsupported_provider() -> ProviderAdminError {
+    ProviderAdminError::new(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unsupported)
+}
+
+fn unavailable_system() -> SystemOperationError {
+    SystemOperationError::new(
+        SystemOperationErrorKind::Internal,
+        "unavailable in this test",
+    )
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,762 @@
+use std::{
+    num::NonZeroU32,
+    str::FromStr as _,
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+};
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, Timelike as _, Utc};
+
+use gateway_admin::{
+    AdminServices,
+    model::{
+        MutationContext, PageSize, Revision,
+        observability::{
+            AccountPoolMetrics, AttemptMetrics, CostCoverage, CurrencyCost, DashboardObservation,
+            DashboardRuntimeSlots, DiagnosticDimension, DiagnosticObservation, Granularity,
+            HealthStatus, OpsErrorPage, OpsErrorQuery, PageNumber, RequestMetricPoint,
+            RequestMetrics, RequestOutcome, TimeRange, TrendKind, UsageBilling,
+            UsageCalculatedBillingFact, UsageDetail, UsageFilter, UsageOverview, UsagePage,
+            UsageQuery, UsageRecord, china_day_start,
+        },
+        settings::{
+            AdminApiKey, AdminApiKeyMutation, ReplaceRuntimeSettings, RotationStrategy,
+            RuntimeSettings,
+        },
+    },
+    ports::store::{AdminStoreResult, ObservabilityStore, SettingsStore},
+};
+
+#[test]
+fn external_observability_range_accepts_exactly_366_days() {
+    let end = Utc::now();
+    let range = TimeRange::new(end - Duration::days(366), end)
+        .expect("366-day external range should be accepted");
+    assert_eq!(range.end, end);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn external_observability_range_rejects_over_366_days_and_reversed_range() {
+    let end = Utc::now();
+    assert!(TimeRange::new(end - Duration::days(367), end).is_err());
+    assert!(TimeRange::new(end, end).is_err());
+    assert!(TimeRange::new(end + Duration::seconds(1), end).is_err());
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn health_timeline_should_keep_exactly_china_day_quarter_hour_slots() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let day_start = china_day_start(now);
+    let current_slot = quarter_hour_start(now);
+    let store = Arc::new(FixtureObservabilityStore::new(observation_range(now)));
+    store.replace_trend(vec![
+        health_metric_point(
+            day_start - Duration::minutes(15),
+            RequestMetrics {
+                success_count: 100,
+                ..RequestMetrics::default()
+            },
+        ),
+        health_metric_point(
+            current_slot,
+            RequestMetrics {
+                success_count: 2,
+                ..RequestMetrics::default()
+            },
+        ),
+        health_metric_point(
+            current_slot + Duration::minutes(15),
+            RequestMetrics {
+                success_count: 100,
+                ..RequestMetrics::default()
+            },
+        ),
+    ]);
+    let services = observability_services(store).await;
+
+    let timeline = services
+        .observability()
+        .dashboard_summary(observation_range(now), TrendKind::Usage)
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard summary")
+        .health_timeline;
+
+    assert_eq!(timeline.points.len(), 96);
+    assert_eq!(
+        timeline.points.first().map(|point| point.bucket_start),
+        Some(day_start)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        timeline.points.last().map(|point| point.bucket_start),
+        Some(day_start + Duration::minutes(95 * 15))
+    );
+    assert_eq!(timeline.success_requests, 2);
+    assert_eq!(
+        timeline
+            .points
+            .iter()
+            .find(|point| point.bucket_start == current_slot)
+            .map(|point| point.status),
+        Some(HealthStatus::LowSample)
+    );
+    assert!(timeline.points.iter().all(|point| {
+        point.bucket_start <= quarter_hour_start(Utc::now())
+            || (point.status == HealthStatus::Future && point.success_requests == 0)
+    }));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn health_timeline_should_match_legacy_status_precedence_and_thresholds() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let current_slot = quarter_hour_start(now);
+    let store = Arc::new(FixtureObservabilityStore::new(observation_range(now)));
+    let services = observability_services(store.clone()).await;
+    let fixtures = [
+        (
+            RequestMetrics {
+                failure_count: 1,
+                cancelled_count: 1,
+                incomplete_count: 1,
+                caller_error_count: 1,
+                ..RequestMetrics::default()
+            },
+            HealthStatus::NoData,
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            RequestMetrics {
+                failure_count: 3,
+                ..RequestMetrics::default()
+            },
+            HealthStatus::Unavailable,
+            Some(0.0),
+        ),
+        (
+            RequestMetrics {
+                success_count: 1,
+                failure_count: 1,
+                ..RequestMetrics::default()
+            },
+            HealthStatus::LowSample,
+            Some(50.0),
+        ),
+        (
+            RequestMetrics {
+                success_count: 98,
+                failure_count: 2,
+                ..RequestMetrics::default()
+            },
+            HealthStatus::Unstable,
+            Some(98.0),
+        ),
+        (
+            RequestMetrics {
+                success_count: 99,
+                failure_count: 1,
+                ..RequestMetrics::default()
+            },
+            HealthStatus::Stable,
+            Some(99.0),
+        ),
+    ];
+
+    for (metrics, expected_status, expected_reliability) in fixtures {
+        store.replace_trend(vec![health_metric_point(current_slot, metrics)]);
+        let timeline = services
+            .observability()
+            .dashboard_summary(observation_range(now), TrendKind::Usage)
+            .await
+            .expect("dashboard summary")
+            .health_timeline;
+        let point = timeline
+            .points
+            .iter()
+            .find(|point| point.bucket_start == current_slot)
+            .expect("current health slot");
+        assert_eq!(point.status, expected_status);
+        assert_eq!(point.reliability_percent, expected_reliability);
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn dashboard_summary_should_project_rebuildable_runtime_slots() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let store = Arc::new(FixtureObservabilityStore::new(observation_range(now)));
+    store.replace_runtime_slots(Some(DashboardRuntimeSlots {
+        inherited_accounts: 2,
+        overridden_slots: 5,
+        used_slots: Some(2),
+    }));
+    let services = observability_services(store).await;
+
+    let capacity = services
+        .observability()
+        .dashboard_summary(observation_range(now), TrendKind::Usage)
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard summary")
+        .capacity;
+
+    assert_eq!(capacity.total_slots, 7);
+    assert_eq!(capacity.used_slots, Some(2));
+    assert_eq!(capacity.available_slots, Some(5));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn dashboard_summary_should_share_one_current_observation_time_across_runtime_facts() {
+    let historical_end = Utc::now() - Duration::hours(1);
+    let store = Arc::new(FixtureObservabilityStore::new(observation_range(
+        historical_end,
+    )));
+    let services = observability_services(store.clone()).await;
+
+    services
+        .observability()
+        .dashboard_summary(observation_range(historical_end), TrendKind::Usage)
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard summary");
+
+    let (summary_observed_at, slots_observed_at) = store.observed_times();
+    assert_eq!(summary_observed_at, slots_observed_at);
+    assert!(summary_observed_at.is_some_and(|value| value > historical_end));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn observability_services_should_calculate_usage_insights_and_diagnostic_shares() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let range = observation_range(now);
+    let store = Arc::new(FixtureObservabilityStore::new(range));
+    let metrics = RequestMetrics {
+        request_count: 10,
+        success_count: 6,
+        failure_count: 4,
+        caller_error_count: 2,
+        input_tokens: 800,
+        output_tokens: 200,
+        total_tokens: 1_000,
+        latency_count: 5,
+        ..RequestMetrics::default()
+    };
+    store.replace_overview(UsageOverview {
+        range,
+        requests: metrics.clone(),
+        attempts: AttemptMetrics {
+            attempt_count: 12,
+            cost_coverage: CostCoverage {
+                calculated_count: 10,
+                ..CostCoverage::default()
+            },
+            costs: vec![CurrencyCost {
+                currency: "USD".to_owned(),
+                amount: gateway_admin::model::observability::DecimalAmount::from_str("1.25")
+                    .expect("USD cost"),
+            }],
+            ..AttemptMetrics::default()
+        },
+        providers: Vec::new(),
+    });
+    store.replace_trend(vec![RequestMetricPoint {
+        bucket_start: quarter_hour_start(now),
+        granularity: Granularity::FifteenMinutes,
+        metrics,
+        cost_coverage: CostCoverage::default(),
+        costs: vec![CurrencyCost {
+            currency: "USD".to_owned(),
+            amount: gateway_admin::model::observability::DecimalAmount::from_str("0.25")
+                .expect("bucket USD cost"),
+        }],
+    }]);
+    store.replace_calculated_billing_facts(vec![UsageCalculatedBillingFact {
+        bucket_start: quarter_hour_start(now),
+        provider_kind: "openai".to_owned(),
+        upstream_model_id: "gpt-5.5".to_owned(),
+        service_tier: None,
+        input_tokens: Some(800),
+        output_tokens: Some(200),
+        cached_tokens: Some(0),
+        cache_write_tokens: Some(0),
+        total: CurrencyCost {
+            currency: "USD".to_owned(),
+            amount: gateway_admin::model::observability::DecimalAmount::from_str("1.25")
+                .expect("calculated total"),
+        },
+    }]);
+    store.replace_diagnostics(vec![diagnostic("openai", 3), diagnostic("xai", 1)]);
+    let services = observability_services_with_calculated_billing(store).await;
+
+    let insights = services
+        .observability()
+        .usage_insights(range, UsageFilter::default())
+        .await
+        .expect("usage insights");
+    let diagnostics = services
+        .observability()
+        .diagnostics(range, UsageFilter::default(), DiagnosticDimension::Provider)
+        .await
+        .expect("usage diagnostics");
+
+    assert_eq!(insights.health.total_requests, 8);
+    assert_eq!(insights.health.failed_requests, 2);
+    assert_eq!(insights.granularity, Granularity::FifteenMinutes);
+    assert_eq!(insights.performance.latency_coverage, 0.5);
+    assert_eq!(insights.cost.tokens_per_request, 100.0);
+    assert_eq!(
+        insights
+            .cost
+            .estimated_cost
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(gateway_admin::model::observability::DecimalAmount::as_str),
+        Some("1.25")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        insights
+            .cost
+            .cost_per_request
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(gateway_admin::model::observability::DecimalAmount::as_str),
+        Some("0.125")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        insights.cost.points[0]
+            .estimated_cost
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(gateway_admin::model::observability::DecimalAmount::as_str),
+        Some("0.25")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        insights
+            .cost
+            .standard_cost
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(gateway_admin::model::observability::DecimalAmount::as_str),
+        Some("1")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        insights.cost.points[0]
+            .standard_cost
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(gateway_admin::model::observability::DecimalAmount::as_str),
+        Some("1")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(diagnostics.items[0].request_share, 0.75);
+    assert_eq!(diagnostics.items[1].request_share, 0.25);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn usage_records_should_tolerate_records_that_fail_billing_enrichment() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let store = Arc::new(FixtureObservabilityStore::new(observation_range(now)));
+    let invalid_kind = "x".repeat(65);
+    store.replace_usage_records(vec![
+        total_record(
+            "request_invalid_kind",
+            Some(&invalid_kind),
+            "calculated",
+            now,
+        ),
+        total_record(
+            "request_unregistered_kind",
+            Some("anthropic"),
+            "calculated",
+            now,
+        ),
+        total_record("request_enriched", Some("openai"), "calculated", now),
+    ]);
+    let services = observability_services_with_calculated_billing(store).await;
+
+    let page = services
+        .observability()
+        .usage_records(usage_query(now))
+        .await
+        .expect("one bad record must not fail the whole usage list");
+
+    assert_eq!(page.items.len(), 3);
+    assert!(
+        matches!(page.items[0].billing, Some(UsageBilling::Total { .. })),
+        "invalid Provider kind keeps the stored total"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        matches!(page.items[1].billing, Some(UsageBilling::Total { .. })),
+        "unregistered Provider kind keeps the stored total"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        matches!(page.items[2].billing, Some(UsageBilling::Calculated(_))),
+        "healthy record is still enriched"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn usage_records_should_enrich_provider_reported_totals_when_pricing_matches() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let store = Arc::new(FixtureObservabilityStore::new(observation_range(now)));
+    store.replace_usage_records(vec![total_record(
+        "request_provider_reported",
+        Some("openai"),
+        "provider_reported",
+        now,
+    )]);
+    let services = observability_services_with_calculated_billing(store).await;
+
+    let page = services
+        .observability()
+        .usage_records(usage_query(now))
+        .await
+        .expect("usage records");
+
+    assert!(matches!(
+        page.items[0].billing,
+        Some(UsageBilling::Calculated(_))
+    ));
+}
+
+struct FixtureObservabilityStore {
+    trend: Mutex<Vec<RequestMetricPoint>>,
+    overview: Mutex<UsageOverview>,
+    calculated_billing_facts: Mutex<Vec<UsageCalculatedBillingFact>>,
+    diagnostics: Mutex<Vec<DiagnosticObservation>>,
+    runtime_slots: Mutex<Option<DashboardRuntimeSlots>>,
+    summary_observed_at: Mutex<Option<DateTime<Utc>>>,
+    slots_observed_at: Mutex<Option<DateTime<Utc>>>,
+    usage_records: Mutex<Vec<UsageRecord>>,
+}
+
+impl FixtureObservabilityStore {
+    fn new(range: TimeRange) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            trend: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+            overview: Mutex::new(UsageOverview {
+                range,
+                requests: RequestMetrics::default(),
+                attempts: AttemptMetrics::default(),
+                providers: Vec::new(),
+            }),
+            calculated_billing_facts: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+            diagnostics: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+            runtime_slots: Mutex::new(None),
+            summary_observed_at: Mutex::new(None),
+            slots_observed_at: Mutex::new(None),
+            usage_records: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn replace_trend(&self, trend: Vec<RequestMetricPoint>) {
+        *self.trend.lock().expect("trend") = trend;
+    }
+
+    fn replace_overview(&self, overview: UsageOverview) {
+        *self.overview.lock().expect("overview") = overview;
+    }
+
+    fn replace_calculated_billing_facts(&self, facts: Vec<UsageCalculatedBillingFact>) {
+        *self
+            .calculated_billing_facts
+            .lock()
+            .expect("calculated billing facts") = facts;
+    }
+
+    fn replace_diagnostics(&self, diagnostics: Vec<DiagnosticObservation>) {
+        *self.diagnostics.lock().expect("diagnostics") = diagnostics;
+    }
+
+    fn replace_runtime_slots(&self, runtime_slots: Option<DashboardRuntimeSlots>) {
+        *self.runtime_slots.lock().expect("runtime slots") = runtime_slots;
+    }
+
+    fn observed_times(&self) -> (Option<DateTime<Utc>>, Option<DateTime<Utc>>) {
+        (
+            *self
+                .summary_observed_at
+                .lock()
+                .expect("summary observed at"),
+            *self.slots_observed_at.lock().expect("slots observed at"),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn replace_usage_records(&self, records: Vec<UsageRecord>) {
+        *self.usage_records.lock().expect("usage records") = records;
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl ObservabilityStore for FixtureObservabilityStore {
+    async fn dashboard_summary(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<DashboardObservation> {
+        *self
+            .summary_observed_at
+            .lock()
+            .expect("summary observed at") = Some(observed_at);
+        Ok(DashboardObservation {
+            range,
+            requests: RequestMetrics::default(),
+            attempts: AttemptMetrics::default(),
+            totals: Default::default(),
+            provider_accounts: AccountPoolMetrics::default(),
+            trend: self.trend.lock().expect("trend").clone(),
+            account_usage: Vec::new(),
+            recent_requests: Vec::new(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn dashboard_runtime_slots(
+        &self,
+        observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<DashboardRuntimeSlots>> {
+        *self.slots_observed_at.lock().expect("slots observed at") = Some(observed_at);
+        Ok(*self.runtime_slots.lock().expect("runtime slots"))
+    }
+
+    async fn dashboard_trend(&self, _: TimeRange) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<RequestMetricPoint>> {
+        Ok(self.trend.lock().expect("trend").clone())
+    }
+
+    async fn usage_trend(
+        &self,
+        _: TimeRange,
+        _: UsageFilter,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<RequestMetricPoint>> {
+        Ok(self.trend.lock().expect("trend").clone())
+    }
+
+    async fn usage_calculated_billing_facts(
+        &self,
+        _: TimeRange,
+        _: UsageFilter,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<UsageCalculatedBillingFact>> {
+        Ok(self
+            .calculated_billing_facts
+            .lock()
+            .expect("calculated billing facts")
+            .clone())
+    }
+
+    async fn list_usage_records(&self, _: UsageQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<UsagePage> {
+        let items = self.usage_records.lock().expect("usage records").clone();
+        let total = u64::try_from(items.len()).unwrap_or(u64::MAX);
+        Ok(UsagePage {
+            items,
+            total,
+            next_cursor: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn usage_record_detail(&self, _: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<UsageDetail> {
+        Err(super::unavailable("usage detail"))
+    }
+
+    async fn usage_summary(&self, _: TimeRange, _: UsageFilter) -> AdminStoreResult<UsageOverview> {
+        Ok(self.overview.lock().expect("overview").clone())
+    }
+
+    async fn usage_diagnostics(
+        &self,
+        _: TimeRange,
+        _: UsageFilter,
+        _: DiagnosticDimension,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<DiagnosticObservation>> {
+        Ok(self.diagnostics.lock().expect("diagnostics").clone())
+    }
+
+    async fn list_ops_errors(&self, _: OpsErrorQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<OpsErrorPage> {
+        Err(super::unavailable("ops errors"))
+    }
+}
+
+struct FixtureSettingsStore;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl SettingsStore for FixtureSettingsStore {
+    async fn load_runtime_settings(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<RuntimeSettings> {
+        Ok(RuntimeSettings {
+            config_revision: Revision::new(1).expect("revision"),
+            model_mappings: Default::default(),
+            refresh_margin_seconds: 300,
+            refresh_concurrency: 2,
+            max_concurrent_per_account: 1,
+            request_interval_ms: 0,
+            rotation_strategy: RotationStrategy::Smart,
+            usage_retention_days: 31,
+            ops_event_retention_days: 30,
+            audit_retention_days: 30,
+            updated_at: Utc::now(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn admin_api_key_exists(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        Err(super::unavailable("admin API key"))
+    }
+
+    async fn replace_runtime_settings(
+        &self,
+        _: ReplaceRuntimeSettings,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<RuntimeSettings> {
+        Err(super::unavailable("settings"))
+    }
+
+    async fn replace_admin_api_key(
+        &self,
+        _: AdminApiKey,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
+        Err(super::unavailable("admin API key"))
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_admin_api_key(
+        &self,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
+        Err(super::unavailable("admin API key"))
+    }
+}
+
+async fn observability_services(store: Arc<FixtureObservabilityStore>) -> AdminServices {
+    super::AdminHarness::new()
+        .observability(store)
+        .settings(Arc::new(FixtureSettingsStore))
+        .provider(super::dashboard_profile_provider())
+        .build()
+        .await
+}
+
+async fn observability_services_with_calculated_billing(
+    store: Arc<FixtureObservabilityStore>,
+) -> AdminServices {
+    super::AdminHarness::new()
+        .observability(store)
+        .settings(Arc::new(FixtureSettingsStore))
+        .provider(super::calculated_billing_provider())
+        .build()
+        .await
+}
+
+fn observation_range(end: DateTime<Utc>) -> TimeRange {
+    TimeRange::new(end - Duration::hours(24), end).expect("observation range")
+}
+
+fn usage_query(now: DateTime<Utc>) -> UsageQuery {
+    UsageQuery {
+        range: observation_range(now),
+        filter: UsageFilter::default(),
+        cursor: None,
+        page: PageNumber::new(NonZeroU32::new(1).expect("page number")),
+        page_size: PageSize::new(50).expect("page size"),
+    }
+}
+
+fn total_record(
+    id: &str,
+    provider_kind: Option<&str>,
+    source: &str,
+    now: DateTime<Utc>,
+) -> UsageRecord {
+    UsageRecord {
+        id: id.to_owned(),
+        client_api_key_ref: "key_billing".to_owned(),
+        config_revision: 1,
+        routing_scope: "all".to_owned(),
+        routing_group_refs: Vec::new(),
+        routing_group_names_snapshot: Vec::new(),
+        protocol: "openai".to_owned(),
+        operation: "generate".to_owned(),
+        endpoint: "/v1/responses".to_owned(),
+        client_transport: "http_sse".to_owned(),
+        requested_model_id: "gpt-5.5".to_owned(),
+        provider_kind: provider_kind.map(str::to_owned),
+        provider_account_ref: None,
+        provider_account_name: None,
+        provider_account_email: None,
+        provider_account_authentication_kind: None,
+        upstream_model_id: Some("gpt-5.5".to_owned()),
+        upstream_transport: None,
+        http_version: None,
+        websocket_pool: None,
+        service_tier: None,
+        provider_metadata_json: None,
+        attempt_count: 1,
+        upstream_send_state: "sent".to_owned(),
+        downstream_committed_at: None,
+        outcome: RequestOutcome::Succeeded,
+        client_status_code: Some(200),
+        upstream_status_code: Some(200),
+        client_response_id: None,
+        upstream_request_id: None,
+        upstream_response_id: None,
+        error_kind: None,
+        provider_error_code: None,
+        error_message: None,
+        retry_after_ms: None,
+        input_tokens: Some(800),
+        output_tokens: Some(200),
+        cached_tokens: Some(0),
+        cache_write_tokens: Some(0),
+        reasoning_tokens: Some(0),
+        image_input_tokens: None,
+        image_output_tokens: None,
+        total_tokens: Some(1_000),
+        cost_source: source.to_owned(),
+        cost_amount: None,
+        cost_currency: None,
+        billing: Some(UsageBilling::Total {
+            source: source.to_owned(),
+            total: CurrencyCost {
+                currency: "USD".to_owned(),
+                amount: gateway_admin::model::observability::DecimalAmount::from_str("1.25")
+                    .expect("billing total"),
+            },
+        }),
+        transport_decision_wait_ms: None,
+        connect_ms: None,
+        headers_ms: None,
+        first_event_ms: None,
+        first_reasoning_ms: None,
+        first_text_ms: None,
+        first_token_ms: None,
+        provider_processing_ms: None,
+        latency_ms: Some(100),
+        client_ip: None,
+        user_agent: None,
+        reasoning_effort: None,
+        reasoning_preset: None,
+        request_kind: None,
+        subagent_kind: None,
+        compact: false,
+        image_generation_requested: false,
+        image_generation_succeeded: None,
+        started_at: now,
+        deadline_at: now,
+        completed_at: Some(now),
+    }
+}
+
+fn health_metric_point(bucket_start: DateTime<Utc>, metrics: RequestMetrics) -> RequestMetricPoint {
+    RequestMetricPoint {
+        bucket_start,
+        granularity: Granularity::FifteenMinutes,
+        metrics,
+        cost_coverage: CostCoverage::default(),
+        costs: Vec::new(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn diagnostic(name: &str, request_count: u64) -> DiagnosticObservation {
+    DiagnosticObservation {
+        key: name.to_owned(),
+        name: name.to_owned(),
+        request_count,
+        success_count: request_count,
+        failure_count: 0,
+        attempt_count: request_count,
+        total_tokens: request_count.saturating_mul(100),
+        average_latency_ms: Some(100),
+        latency_p95_ms: Some(200),
+        cost_coverage: CostCoverage::default(),
+        costs: Vec::new(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn quarter_hour_start(value: DateTime<Utc>) -> DateTime<Utc> {
+    let elapsed = value.timestamp().rem_euclid(15 * 60);
+    value - Duration::seconds(elapsed) - Duration::nanoseconds(i64::from(value.nanosecond()))
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId;
+
+use gateway_admin::{
+    AdminServices,
+    model::provider_credentials::{
+        AuthorizationMutationTarget, CompleteAuthorization, CredentialDeletion, ImportCredentials,
+        ProviderQuotaRequest, StartAuthorization,
+    },
+    ports::provider::ProviderAdminErrorKind,
+};
+
+use super::accounts::{
+    FakeAccountStore, FakeProviderAdmin, context, document, events, recorded, revision,
+};
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn openai_delete_should_commit_then_release_provider_resources() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events.clone());
+    let services = service(provider, store.clone()).await;
+
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .delete(deletion("acct_test"))
+        .await
+        .expect("delete credential");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        recorded(&events),
+        [
+            "store.credential_details",
+            "store.delete",
+            "provider.account_unavailable",
+            "provider.account_facts_changed",
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["request-openai"]);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn openai_import_should_prepare_before_atomic_store_commit() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events.clone());
+    let services = service(provider.clone(), store.clone()).await;
+
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .import_document(ImportCredentials {
+            context: context("import-openai"),
+            document: document(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("import credential");
+
+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        recorded(&events),
+        [
+            "provider.prepare_import",
+            "store.commit_import",
+            "provider.account_facts_changed",
+            "provider.quota",
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        provider.quota_requests(),
+        [ProviderQuotaRequest {
+            account_id: ProviderAccountId::new("acct_prepared").expect("account ID"),
+            refresh: true,
+            rolling_usage: None,
+        }]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["import-openai"]);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn openai_import_should_refresh_quota_for_every_imported_account() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
+    provider.set_import_account_ids(&["acct_first", "acct_second"]);
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events);
+    let services = service(provider.clone(), store).await;
+
+    let result = services
+        .openai()
+        .import_document(ImportCredentials {
+            context: context("import-openai-batch"),
+            document: document(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("import credentials");
+
+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 2).await;
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.credential_ids,
+        [
+            ProviderAccountId::new("acct_first").expect("first account ID"),
+            ProviderAccountId::new("acct_second").expect("second account ID"),
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        provider.quota_requests(),
+        [
+            ProviderQuotaRequest {
+                account_id: ProviderAccountId::new("acct_first").expect("first account ID"),
+                refresh: true,
+                rolling_usage: None,
+            },
+            ProviderQuotaRequest {
+                account_id: ProviderAccountId::new("acct_second").expect("second account ID"),
+                refresh: true,
+                rolling_usage: None,
+            },
+        ]
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn openai_import_should_remain_successful_when_quota_refresh_fails() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
+    provider.fail_next_quota(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unavailable);
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events);
+    let services = service(provider.clone(), store).await;
+
+    let result = services
+        .openai()
+        .import_document(ImportCredentials {
+            context: context("import-openai-quota-failure"),
+            document: document(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("committed import remains successful");
+
+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.credential_ids,
+        [ProviderAccountId::new("acct_prepared").expect("account ID")]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(provider.quota_requests().len(), 1);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn openai_authorization_create_should_observe_initial_quota() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events.clone());
+    let services = service(provider.clone(), store.clone()).await;
+
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .start_authorization(StartAuthorization {
+            context: context("oauth-start-openai-create"),
+            name: "new OpenAI credential".to_owned(),
+            reauthorization: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("start authorization");
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .complete_authorization(CompleteAuthorization {
+            context: context("oauth-start-openai-create"),
+            flow_id: "flow-test".to_owned(),
+            callback_url: "http://localhost/callback?code=test&state=test".to_owned(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("complete authorization");
+
+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        recorded(&events),
+        [
+            "provider.start_authorization",
+            "provider.complete_authorization",
+            "store.commit_authorization",
+            "provider.account_facts_changed",
+            "provider.quota",
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        provider.quota_requests(),
+        [ProviderQuotaRequest {
+            account_id: ProviderAccountId::new("acct_prepared").expect("account ID"),
+            refresh: true,
+            rolling_usage: None,
+        }]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["oauth-start-openai-create"]);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn openai_authorization_create_should_remain_successful_when_initial_quota_fails() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
+    provider.fail_next_quota(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unavailable);
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events);
+    let services = service(provider.clone(), store).await;
+
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .start_authorization(StartAuthorization {
+            context: context("oauth-start-openai-quota-failure"),
+            name: "new OpenAI credential".to_owned(),
+            reauthorization: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("start authorization");
+    let result = services
+        .openai()
+        .complete_authorization(CompleteAuthorization {
+            context: context("oauth-start-openai-quota-failure"),
+            flow_id: "flow-test".to_owned(),
+            callback_url: "http://localhost/callback?code=test&state=test".to_owned(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("quota observation must not fail authorization");
+
+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
+    assert_eq!(result.account_id.as_str(), "acct_prepared");
+    assert_eq!(provider.quota_requests().len(), 1);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn openai_authorization_store_failure_should_release_claim_for_retry() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
+    provider.retry_authorization_after_abort();
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events.clone());
+    store.fail_next_commit();
+    let services = service(provider.clone(), store).await;
+    let command = || CompleteAuthorization {
+        context: context("oauth-store-retry"),
+        flow_id: "flow-test".to_owned(),
+        callback_url: "http://localhost/callback?code=test&state=test".to_owned(),
+    };
+
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .start_authorization(StartAuthorization {
+            context: context("oauth-store-retry"),
+            name: "new OpenAI credential".to_owned(),
+            reauthorization: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("start authorization");
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .complete_authorization(command())
+        .await
+        .expect_err("Store commit must fail");
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .complete_authorization(command())
+        .await
+        .expect("released claim must permit retry");
+
+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        recorded(&events),
+        [
+            "provider.start_authorization",
+            "provider.complete_authorization",
+            "store.commit_authorization",
+            "authorization_guard.abort",
+            "provider.complete_authorization",
+            "store.commit_authorization",
+            "authorization_guard.commit",
+            "provider.account_facts_changed",
+            "provider.quota",
+        ]
+    );
+    assert!(provider.pending().is_none());
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn openai_import_provider_error_should_not_touch_store_transaction() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
+    provider.fail_next(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid);
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events.clone());
+    let services = service(provider, store).await;
+
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .import_document(ImportCredentials {
+            context: context("import-openai-error"),
+            document: document(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect_err("invalid Provider document");
+
+    assert_eq!(recorded(&events), ["provider.prepare_import"]);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn openai_reauthorization_should_commit_after_credential_revision_advances() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events.clone());
+    let services = service(provider.clone(), store.clone()).await;
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .start_authorization(StartAuthorization {
+            context: context("oauth-start-openai"),
+            name: "reauthorize".to_owned(),
+            reauthorization: Some(ProviderAccountId::new("acct_test").expect("account ID")),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("start reauthorization");
+
+    let pending = provider.pending().expect("pending envelope");
+    assert_eq!(pending.provider_kind().as_str(), "openai");
+    assert_eq!(
+        pending.owner_binding().started_request_id(),
+        "oauth-start-openai"
+    );
+    assert!(matches!(
+        pending.target(),
+        AuthorizationMutationTarget::Reauthorize { account_id }
+            if account_id.as_str() == "acct_test"
+    ));
+    assert!(!format!("{pending:?}").contains("admin-test"));
+
+    provider.set_current_credential_revision(revision(2));
+
+    let result = services
+        .openai()
+        .complete_authorization(CompleteAuthorization {
+            context: context("oauth-complete-openai"),
+            flow_id: "flow-test".to_owned(),
+            callback_url: "http://localhost/callback?code=test&state=test".to_owned(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("complete reauthorization");
+
+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
+    assert_eq!(result.credential_revision, Some(revision(3)));
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        recorded(&events),
+        [
+            "store.credential_details",
+            "provider.start_authorization",
+            "provider.complete_authorization",
+            "store.commit_authorization",
+            "guard.finish",
+            "provider.account_facts_changed",
+            "provider.quota",
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(provider.quota_requests().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["oauth-complete-openai"]);
+}
+
+async fn service(provider: Arc<FakeProviderAdmin>, store: Arc<FakeAccountStore>) -> AdminServices {
+    super::AdminHarness::new()
+        .provider(provider)
+        .accounts(store)
+        .build()
+        .await
+}
+
+async fn await_quota_requests(provider: &FakeProviderAdmin, expected: usize) {
+    for _ in 0..100 {
+        if provider.quota_requests().len() == expected {
+            return;
+        }
+        tokio::task::yield_now().await;
+    }
+    assert_eq!(provider.quota_requests().len(), expected);
+}
+
+fn deletion(account_id: &str) -> CredentialDeletion {
+    CredentialDeletion {
+        context: context("request-openai"),
+        account_ids: vec![ProviderAccountId::new(account_id).expect("account ID")],
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+use gateway_admin::{
+    model::{
+        AdminErrorKind, MutationContext,
+        settings::{
+            AdminApiKey, AdminApiKeyMutation, ReplaceRuntimeSettings, RotationStrategy,
+            RuntimeSettings,
+        },
+    },
+    ports::store::{AdminStoreError, AdminStoreErrorKind, AdminStoreResult, SettingsStore},
+};
+
+struct UnusedSettingsStore;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl SettingsStore for UnusedSettingsStore {
+    async fn load_runtime_settings(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<RuntimeSettings> {
+        Err(unused())
+    }
+
+    async fn admin_api_key_exists(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        Err(unused())
+    }
+
+    async fn replace_runtime_settings(
+        &self,
+        _: ReplaceRuntimeSettings,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<RuntimeSettings> {
+        Err(unused())
+    }
+
+    async fn replace_admin_api_key(
+        &self,
+        _: AdminApiKey,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
+        Err(unused())
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_admin_api_key(
+        &self,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
+        Err(unused())
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn settings_should_reject_zero_refresh_margin_before_store_call() {
+    let services = super::AdminHarness::new()
+        .settings(std::sync::Arc::new(UnusedSettingsStore))
+        .build()
+        .await;
+    let error = services
+        .settings()
+        .replace(
+            &MutationContext {
+                actor: gateway_admin::model::MutationActor::System,
+                request_id: "request-settings".to_owned(),
+            },
+            ReplaceRuntimeSettings {
+                model_mappings: Default::default(),
+                refresh_margin_seconds: 0,
+                refresh_concurrency: 1,
+                max_concurrent_per_account: 1,
+                request_interval_ms: 0,
+                rotation_strategy: RotationStrategy::Smart,
+                usage_retention_days: 31,
+                ops_event_retention_days: 30,
+                audit_retention_days: 30,
+            },
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect_err("invalid settings");
+
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), AdminErrorKind::Invalid);
+}
+
+fn unused() -> AdminStoreError {
+    AdminStoreError::new(
+        AdminStoreErrorKind::Unavailable,
+        "settings",
+        "unused in this test",
+    )
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+use gateway_admin::{
+    model::system::{
+        SystemOperationAccepted, SystemOperationState, SystemOperationStatus, SystemUpdateDetail,
+        SystemUpdateStatus, SystemVersion,
+    },
+    ports::system::{SystemOperationError, SystemOperations, SystemUpdateEventStream},
+};
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct RecordingSystemOperations {
+    target: Mutex<Option<Option<String>>>,
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl SystemOperations for RecordingSystemOperations {
+    async fn version(&self) -> Result<SystemVersion, SystemOperationError> {
+        Ok(SystemVersion {
+            version: "1.0.0".to_owned(),
+            git_sha: "unknown".to_owned(),
+            build_time: "unknown".to_owned(),
+            deployment_mode: "source".to_owned(),
+            update_channel: "stable".to_owned(),
+            latest_version: "1.0.0".to_owned(),
+            has_update: false,
+            update_cached: false,
+            update_warning: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn update_detail(&self, _: bool) -> Result<SystemUpdateDetail, SystemOperationError> {
+        Ok(SystemUpdateDetail {
+            current_version: "1.0.0".to_owned(),
+            latest_version: "1.0.0".to_owned(),
+            has_update: false,
+            deployment_mode: "source".to_owned(),
+            build_type: "source".to_owned(),
+            release_url: None,
+            notes: None,
+            cached: false,
+            update_supported: false,
+            unsupported_reason: Some("source build".to_owned()),
+            warning: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn update_events(&self) -> SystemUpdateEventStream {
+        Box::pin(futures::stream::empty())
+    }
+
+    async fn perform_update(
+        &self,
+        target_version: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, SystemOperationError> {
+        *self.target.lock().expect("target") = Some(target_version.clone());
+        Ok(SystemOperationAccepted::Update {
+            operation_id: "operation-update".to_owned(),
+            deployment_mode: "source".to_owned(),
+            message: "accepted".to_owned(),
+            need_restart: true,
+            target_version: target_version.unwrap_or_else(|| "latest".to_owned()),
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn update_status(&self) -> Result<SystemUpdateStatus, SystemOperationError> {
+        Ok(SystemUpdateStatus {
+            previous_version: None,
+            current_version: Some("1.0.0".to_owned()),
+            operation: SystemOperationState {
+                operation_id: None,
+                kind: None,
+                status: SystemOperationStatus::Idle,
+                target_version: None,
+                message: None,
+                error: None,
+                started_at: None,
+                finished_at: None,
+            },
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn rollback(&self) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, SystemOperationError> {
+        Ok(SystemOperationAccepted::Rollback {
+            operation_id: "operation-rollback".to_owned(),
+            message: "accepted".to_owned(),
+            need_restart: true,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn restart(&self) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, SystemOperationError> {
+        Ok(SystemOperationAccepted::Restart {
+            operation_id: "operation-restart".to_owned(),
+            message: "accepted".to_owned(),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn system_update_should_normalize_blank_target_to_latest() {
+    let operations = std::sync::Arc::new(RecordingSystemOperations::default());
+    let services = super::AdminHarness::new()
+        .system(operations.clone())
+        .build()
+        .await;
+    services
+        .system()
+        .perform_update(Some("   ".to_owned()))
+        .await
+        .expect("perform update");
+
+    assert_eq!(*operations.target.lock().expect("target"), Some(None));
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId;
+
+use gateway_admin::{
+    AdminServices,
+    model::provider_credentials::{ImportCredentials, ProviderQuotaRequest},
+    ports::provider::ProviderAdminErrorKind,
+};
+
+use super::accounts::{FakeAccountStore, FakeProviderAdmin, context, document, events, recorded};
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn xai_import_should_prepare_before_atomic_store_commit() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("xai", events.clone());
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("xai", events.clone());
+    let services = service(provider.clone(), store.clone()).await;
+
+    services
+        .xai()
+        .import_document(ImportCredentials {
+            context: context("import-xai"),
+            document: document(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("import xAI credential");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        recorded(&events),
+        [
+            "provider.prepare_import",
+            "store.commit_import",
+            "provider.quota"
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        provider.quota_requests(),
+        [ProviderQuotaRequest {
+            account_id: ProviderAccountId::new("acct_prepared").expect("account ID"),
+            refresh: true,
+            rolling_usage: None,
+        }]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["import-xai"]);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn xai_import_should_refresh_quota_for_every_imported_account() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("xai", events.clone());
+    provider.set_import_account_ids(&["acct_first", "acct_second"]);
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("xai", events);
+    let services = service(provider.clone(), store).await;
+
+    services
+        .xai()
+        .import_document(ImportCredentials {
+            context: context("import-xai-batch"),
+            document: document(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("import credentials");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        provider.quota_requests(),
+        [
+            ProviderQuotaRequest {
+                account_id: ProviderAccountId::new("acct_first").expect("first account ID"),
+                refresh: true,
+                rolling_usage: None,
+            },
+            ProviderQuotaRequest {
+                account_id: ProviderAccountId::new("acct_second").expect("second account ID"),
+                refresh: true,
+                rolling_usage: None,
+            },
+        ]
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn xai_import_should_remain_successful_when_quota_refresh_fails() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("xai", events.clone());
+    provider.fail_next_quota(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unavailable);
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("xai", events);
+    let services = service(provider.clone(), store).await;
+
+    let result = services
+        .xai()
+        .import_document(ImportCredentials {
+            context: context("import-xai-quota-failure"),
+            document: document(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("committed import remains successful");
+
+    assert_eq!(result.credential_ids.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(provider.quota_requests().len(), 1);
+}
+
+async fn service(provider: Arc<FakeProviderAdmin>, store: Arc<FakeAccountStore>) -> AdminServices {
+    super::AdminHarness::new()
+        .provider(provider)
+        .accounts(store)
+        .build()
+        .await
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+[package]
+name = "gateway-api"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+license = "MIT"
+publish = false
+rust-version = "1.97"
+autotests = false
+
+[[test]]
+name = "main"
+path = "tests/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+axum = { version = "0.8.9", default-features = false, features = ["json", "query", "ws"] }
+base64 = "0.23.0"
+bytes = "1.11.1"
+chrono = { version = "0.4.45", features = ["serde"] }
+futures = "0.3.32"
+gateway-admin = { path = "../gateway-admin" }
+gateway-core = { path = "../gateway-core" }
+gateway-protocol = { path = "../gateway-protocol" }
+secrecy = "0.10"
+serde = { version = "1.0.228", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1.0.150", features = ["arbitrary_precision", "preserve_order"] }
+thiserror = "2.0.18"
+tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["macros", "time"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.7.0", features = ["cors", "fs", "request-id", "timeout", "trace"] }
+tracing = "0.1.44"
+url = "2.5.8"
+uuid = { version = "1.23.3", features = ["v7"] }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+async-trait = "0.1.89"
+axum = { version = "0.8.9", default-features = false, features = ["http1", "tokio"] }
+tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["macros", "net", "rt-multi-thread"] }
+tokio-tungstenite = "0.29.0"
+tower = { version = "0.5.3", features = ["util"] }
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+//! Account group HTTP wire and fixed routes.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+use axum::{
+    Json, Router,
+    extract::{Query, State},
+    http::StatusCode,
+    response::IntoResponse,
+    routing::{get, post},
+};
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use gateway_admin::model::{
+    PageSize,
+    account_groups::{
+        AccountGroupAccountSummary, AccountGroupCapacity, AccountGroupColor, AccountGroupListQuery,
+        AccountGroupMutation, AccountGroupPage, AccountGroupRecord, AccountGroupUsage,
+        CreateAccountGroup, DeleteAccountGroup, SetAccountGroupEnabled, UpdateAccountGroup,
+    },
+};
+use gateway_core::routing::AccountGroupId;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use super::{
+    AdminAuth, AdminEnvelope, AdminError, AdminResponse, AdminSessionState, PageMeta,
+    WireValidationError, wire::map_admin_service_error,
+};
+
+const DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE: u32 = 50;
+const MAX_PAGE_SIZE: u32 = 200;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct ListAccountGroupsQuery {
+    page: Option<u32>,
+    page_size: Option<u32>,
+    search: Option<String>,
+    enabled: Option<bool>,
+}
+
+impl ListAccountGroupsQuery {
+    fn into_command(self) -> Result<AccountGroupListQuery, WireValidationError> {
+        let page = self.page.unwrap_or(1);
+        let page_size = self.page_size.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE);
+        if page == 0 || page_size == 0 || page_size > MAX_PAGE_SIZE {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("page"));
+        }
+        let search = self
+            .search
+            .map(|value| value.trim().to_owned())
+            .filter(|value| !value.is_empty());
+        if search
+            .as_deref()
+            .is_some_and(|value| value.len() > 256 || value.chars().any(char::is_control))
+        {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("search"));
+        }
+        Ok(AccountGroupListQuery {
+            page,
+            page_size: PageSize::new(
+                u16::try_from(page_size).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("pageSize"))?,
+            )
+            .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("pageSize"))?,
+            search,
+            enabled: self.enabled,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct CreateAccountGroupRequest {
+    name: String,
+    description: Option<String>,
+    color: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct UpdateAccountGroupRequest {
+    id: String,
+    name: String,
+    description: Option<String>,
+    color: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct AccountGroupIdRequest {
+    id: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct AccountGroupView {
+    id: String,
+    name: String,
+    description: Option<String>,
+    color: String,
+    enabled: bool,
+    member_count: u64,
+    provider_counts: BTreeMap<String, u64>,
+    client_key_count: u64,
+    account_summary: AccountGroupAccountSummaryView,
+    capacity: AccountGroupCapacityView,
+    usage: AccountGroupUsageView,
+    created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct AccountGroupAccountSummaryView {
+    available: u64,
+    limited: u64,
+    total: u64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct AccountGroupCapacityView {
+    used_slots: Option<u64>,
+    total_slots: u64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct AccountGroupUsageView {
+    today_usd: String,
+    total_usd: String,
+}
+
+impl From<AccountGroupRecord> for AccountGroupView {
+    fn from(record: AccountGroupRecord) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: record.id.to_string(),
+            name: record.name,
+            description: record.description,
+            color: record.color.as_str().to_owned(),
+            enabled: record.enabled,
+            member_count: record.member_count,
+            provider_counts: record.provider_counts,
+            client_key_count: record.client_key_count,
+            account_summary: account_summary_view(record.account_summary),
+            capacity: capacity_view(record.capacity),
+            usage: usage_view(record.usage),
+            created_at: record.created_at,
+            updated_at: record.updated_at,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn account_summary_view(summary: AccountGroupAccountSummary) -> AccountGroupAccountSummaryView {
+    AccountGroupAccountSummaryView {
+        available: summary.available,
+        limited: summary.limited,
+        total: summary.total,
+    }
+}
+
+fn capacity_view(capacity: AccountGroupCapacity) -> AccountGroupCapacityView {
+    AccountGroupCapacityView {
+        used_slots: capacity.used_slots,
+        total_slots: capacity.total_slots,
+    }
+}
+
+fn usage_view(usage: AccountGroupUsage) -> AccountGroupUsageView {
+    AccountGroupUsageView {
+        today_usd: usage.today_usd.to_string(),
+        total_usd: usage.total_usd.to_string(),
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct AccountGroupPageData {
+    items: Vec<AccountGroupView>,
+    page: PageMeta,
+    config_revision: u64,
+}
+
+impl From<AccountGroupPage> for AccountGroupPageData {
+    fn from(page: AccountGroupPage) -> Self {
+        let total_pages = if page.total == 0 {
+            0
+        } else {
+            page.total.div_ceil(u64::from(page.page_size))
+        };
+        Self {
+            items: page.items.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
+            page: PageMeta::new(
+                page.page,
+                u32::from(page.page_size),
+                page.total,
+                u32::try_from(total_pages).unwrap_or(u32::MAX),
+            ),
+            config_revision: page.config_revision.get(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct AccountGroupMutationData {
+    id: String,
+    record: Option<AccountGroupView>,
+    config_revision: u64,
+}
+
+impl From<AccountGroupMutation> for AccountGroupMutationData {
+    fn from(mutation: AccountGroupMutation) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: mutation.id.to_string(),
+            record: mutation.record.map(Into::into),
+            config_revision: mutation.config_revision.get(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Construct all fixed account-group management routes.
+pub fn router<S>() -> Router<S>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    Router::new()
+        .route("/api/admin/account-groups", get(list::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/account-groups/create", post(create::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/account-groups/update", post(update::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/account-groups/enable", post(enable::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/account-groups/disable", post(disable::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/account-groups/delete", post(delete::<S>))
+}
+
+async fn list<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<ListAccountGroupsQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .account_groups()
+        .list(query.into_command().map_err(map_wire_error)?)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(AccountGroupPageData::from(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn create<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<CreateAccountGroupRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    validate_group_fields(&request.name, request.description.as_deref())?;
+    mutation_response(
+        StatusCode::CREATED,
+        state
+            .admin_services()
+            .account_groups()
+            .create(
+                &auth.context().mutation_context(),
+                CreateAccountGroup {
+                    name: request.name,
+                    description: request.description,
+                    color: group_color(&request.color)?,
+                },
+            )
+            .await,
+    )
+}
+
+async fn update<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<UpdateAccountGroupRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    validate_group_fields(&request.name, request.description.as_deref())?;
+    mutation_response(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        state
+            .admin_services()
+            .account_groups()
+            .update(
+                &auth.context().mutation_context(),
+                UpdateAccountGroup {
+                    id: group_id(request.id)?,
+                    name: request.name,
+                    description: request.description,
+                    color: group_color(&request.color)?,
+                },
+            )
+            .await,
+    )
+}
+
+async fn enable<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<AccountGroupIdRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    set_enabled(auth, state, request, true).await
+}
+
+async fn disable<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<AccountGroupIdRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    set_enabled(auth, state, request, false).await
+}
+
+async fn set_enabled<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    state: S,
+    request: AccountGroupIdRequest,
+    enabled: bool,
+) -> Result<AdminResponse<AdminEnvelope<AccountGroupMutationData>>, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    mutation_response(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        state
+            .admin_services()
+            .account_groups()
+            .set_enabled(
+                &auth.context().mutation_context(),
+                SetAccountGroupEnabled {
+                    id: group_id(request.id)?,
+                    enabled,
+                },
+            )
+            .await,
+    )
+}
+
+async fn delete<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<AccountGroupIdRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    mutation_response(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        state
+            .admin_services()
+            .account_groups()
+            .delete(
+                &auth.context().mutation_context(),
+                DeleteAccountGroup {
+                    id: group_id(request.id)?,
+                },
+            )
+            .await,
+    )
+}
+
+fn mutation_response(
+    status: StatusCode,
+    result: Result<AccountGroupMutation, gateway_admin::model::AdminError>,
+) -> Result<AdminResponse<AdminEnvelope<AccountGroupMutationData>>, AdminError> {
+    let result = result.map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        status,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(AccountGroupMutationData::from(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+fn group_id(value: String) -> Result<AccountGroupId, AdminError> {
+    AccountGroupId::new(value).map_err(|_| AdminError::bad_request("Invalid account group ID"))
+}
+
+fn group_color(value: &str) -> Result<AccountGroupColor, AdminError> {
+    AccountGroupColor::parse(value)
+        .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::bad_request("Invalid account group color"))
+}
+
+fn validate_group_fields(name: &str, description: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    if name.trim() != name
+        || name.is_empty()
+        || name.chars().count() > 100
+        || name.chars().any(char::is_control)
+        || description
+            .is_some_and(|value| value.len() > 4096 || value.chars().any(char::is_control))
+    {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request("Invalid account group request"));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn map_wire_error(_: WireValidationError) -> AdminError {
+    AdminError::bad_request("Invalid account group query")
+}
+
+fn map_service_error(error: gateway_admin::model::AdminError) -> AdminError {
+    map_admin_service_error(error, "Account group repository unavailable")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+//! 管理员登录、会话与管理请求鉴权接线。
+
+use std::fmt;
+
+use axum::{
+    Json, Router,
+    extract::{FromRequestParts, State},
+    http::{HeaderMap, HeaderValue, StatusCode, header::SET_COOKIE, request::Parts},
+    response::{IntoResponse, Response},
+    routing::{get, post},
+};
+use gateway_admin::{
+    AdminServices,
+    model::auth::{AdminPrincipal, AdminRequestContext, LoginCommand, LoginError},
+};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use tower_http::request_id::RequestId;
+
+use super::{AdminEnvelope, AdminError, AdminResponse};
+
+const REQUEST_ID_HEADER: &str = "x-request-id";
+const ADMIN_SESSION_COOKIE: &str = "cpr_admin_session";
+const ADMIN_SESSION_COOKIE_ATTRS: &str = "Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax";
+
+/// 所有管理 HTTP 模块从 state 消费同一个认证用例端口。
+pub trait AdminSessionState {
+    fn admin_services(&self) -> &AdminServices;
+}
+
+/// 已通过管理员会话或部署级管理 API Key 鉴权的请求。
+pub struct AdminAuth {
+    context: AdminRequestContext,
+}
+
+impl AdminAuth {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn context(&self) -> &AdminRequestContext {
+        &self.context
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn into_context(self) -> AdminRequestContext {
+        self.context
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S> FromRequestParts<S> for AdminAuth
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    type Rejection = AdminError;
+
+    async fn from_request_parts(parts: &mut Parts, state: &S) -> Result<Self, Self::Rejection> {
+        let principal = require_admin_auth(state, &parts.headers).await?;
+        let request_id = admin_request_id(parts)
+            .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::internal("Missing admin request context"))?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            context: AdminRequestContext {
+                principal,
+                request_id,
+            },
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// request-id 层按配置的 header 名注入，同时写入与名字无关的扩展；
+/// 优先读扩展，使自定义 header 名不会让管理请求失去请求上下文。
+/// header 回退覆盖未装配该层的调用方。
+fn admin_request_id(parts: &Parts) -> Option<String> {
+    parts
+        .extensions
+        .get::<RequestId>()
+        .map(RequestId::header_value)
+        .or_else(|| parts.headers.get(REQUEST_ID_HEADER))
+        .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
+        .map(str::trim)
+        .filter(|value| !value.is_empty())
+        .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
+}
+
+pub async fn require_admin_session<S>(state: &S, headers: &HeaderMap) -> Result<String, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    match state
+        .admin_services()
+        .auth()
+        .resolve_admin_user_id(admin_session_cookie(headers).as_deref())
+        .await
+    {
+        Ok(Some(admin_user_id)) => Ok(admin_user_id),
+        Ok(None) => Err(AdminError::admin_session_required()),
+        Err(_) => Err(AdminError::internal("Failed to validate admin session")),
+    }
+}
+
+async fn require_admin_auth<S>(state: &S, headers: &HeaderMap) -> Result<AdminPrincipal, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    if let Some(api_key) = admin_api_key_header(headers) {
+        return match state
+            .admin_services()
+            .auth()
+            .verify_admin_api_key(&api_key)
+            .await
+        {
+            Ok(true) => Ok(AdminPrincipal::ApiKey),
+            Ok(false) => Err(AdminError::invalid_admin_api_key()),
+            Err(_) => Err(AdminError::internal("Failed to validate admin API key")),
+        };
+    }
+
+    require_admin_session(state, headers)
+        .await
+        .map(|admin_user_id| AdminPrincipal::Session { admin_user_id })
+}
+
+fn admin_api_key_header(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Option<String> {
+    let value = headers.get("x-api-key")?.to_str().ok()?.trim();
+    (!value.is_empty()).then(|| value.to_owned())
+}
+
+/// 管理员登录请求；密码不得进入 Debug。
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct AdminLoginRequest {
+    username: Option<String>,
+    password: String,
+}
+
+impl AdminLoginRequest {
+    /// 取出认证用例所需字段。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn into_parts(self) -> (Option<String>, String) {
+        (self.username, self.password)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for AdminLoginRequest {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("AdminLoginRequest")
+            .field("username", &self.username)
+            .field("password", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 登录成功响应。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct AdminLoginData {
+    expires_at: String,
+}
+
+impl AdminLoginData {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(expires_at: String) -> Self {
+        Self { expires_at }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 管理员会话状态响应。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct AdminSessionStatusData {
+    authenticated: bool,
+}
+
+impl AdminSessionStatusData {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(authenticated: bool) -> Self {
+        Self { authenticated }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 登出成功响应。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+pub struct AdminLogoutData {
+    message: &'static str,
+}
+
+impl AdminLogoutData {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            message: "Logged out successfully",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for AdminLogoutData {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 构造固定 GET/POST 管理员认证路由。
+pub fn router<S>() -> Router<S>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    Router::new()
+        .route("/api/admin/auth/login", post(login::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/auth/status", get(session_status::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/auth/logout", post(logout::<S>))
+}
+
+async fn login<S>(
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(payload): Json<AdminLoginRequest>,
+) -> Result<Response, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let (username, password) = payload.into_parts();
+    let session = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .auth()
+        .login(LoginCommand { username, password })
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_login_error)?;
+    let mut response = AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(AdminLoginData::new(session.expires_at.to_rfc3339())),
+    )
+    .into_response();
+    let cookie = format!(
+        "{ADMIN_SESSION_COOKIE}={}; {ADMIN_SESSION_COOKIE_ATTRS}",
+        session.session_id
+    );
+    response.headers_mut().insert(
+        SET_COOKIE,
+        HeaderValue::from_str(&cookie)
+            .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Failed to create admin session cookie"))?,
+    );
+    Ok(response)
+}
+
+async fn session_status<S>(
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    headers: HeaderMap,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let authenticated = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .auth()
+        .validate_session(admin_session_cookie(&headers).as_deref())
+        .await
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Failed to validate admin session"))?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(AdminSessionStatusData::new(authenticated)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn logout<S>(State(state): State<S>, headers: HeaderMap) -> Result<Response, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    if let Some(session_id) = admin_session_cookie(&headers) {
+        let _ = state.admin_services().auth().logout(&session_id).await;
+    }
+    let mut response =
+        AdminResponse::new(StatusCode::OK, AdminEnvelope::ok(AdminLogoutData::new()))
+            .into_response();
+    let cookie = format!("{ADMIN_SESSION_COOKIE}=; {ADMIN_SESSION_COOKIE_ATTRS}; Max-Age=0");
+    response.headers_mut().insert(
+        SET_COOKIE,
+        HeaderValue::from_str(&cookie)
+            .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Failed to clear admin session cookie"))?,
+    );
+    Ok(response)
+}
+
+fn admin_session_cookie(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Option<String> {
+    let cookie = headers.get("cookie")?.to_str().ok()?;
+    cookie.split(';').find_map(|part| {
+        let (name, value) = part.trim().split_once('=')?;
+        (name == ADMIN_SESSION_COOKIE).then(|| value.to_owned())
+    })
+}
+
+fn map_login_error(error: LoginError) -> AdminError {
+    match error {
+        LoginError::InvalidCredentials => AdminError::invalid_admin_credentials(),
+        LoginError::Unavailable => AdminError::internal("Failed to create admin session"),
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+//! 备份设置、计划、手动创建、记录、下载与删除路由。
+//!
+//! 路径统一位于 `/api/admin/settings/backups/*`，内部由独立 `BackupService` 承担业务。
+
+use axum::{
+    Json, Router,
+    extract::{Query, State},
+    http::StatusCode,
+    response::IntoResponse,
+    routing::{get, post},
+};
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use gateway_admin::model::backup::{
+    BackupRecord, BackupSettings, BackupStatus, BackupTriggerKind, ConnectionTestResult,
+    UpdateBackupScheduleCommand, UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+};
+use secrecy::{ExposeSecret as _, SecretString};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use super::{
+    AdminAuth, AdminEnvelope, AdminError, AdminPageData, AdminResponse, AdminSessionState,
+    PageMeta, wire::map_admin_service_error,
+};
+
+/// 备份设置视图；`secretAccessKey` 返回已保存的明文凭据，由前端掩码显示。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct BackupSettingsView {
+    pub storage_revision: u64,
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    pub region: Option<String>,
+    pub bucket: Option<String>,
+    pub access_key_id: Option<String>,
+    pub secret_access_key: Option<String>,
+    pub prefix: Option<String>,
+    pub force_path_style: bool,
+    pub verified: bool,
+    pub schedule_enabled: bool,
+    pub cron_expression: Option<String>,
+    pub schedule_timezone: Option<String>,
+    pub retention_days: u32,
+    pub retention_count: u32,
+    pub next_run_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub last_verified_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+impl From<BackupSettings> for BackupSettingsView {
+    fn from(settings: BackupSettings) -> Self {
+        let verified = settings.storage_verified();
+        Self {
+            storage_revision: settings.storage_revision,
+            endpoint: settings.endpoint,
+            region: settings.region,
+            bucket: settings.bucket,
+            access_key_id: settings.access_key_id,
+            secret_access_key: settings
+                .secret_access_key
+                .map(|secret| secret.expose_secret().to_owned()),
+            prefix: settings.prefix,
+            force_path_style: settings.force_path_style,
+            verified,
+            schedule_enabled: settings.schedule_enabled,
+            cron_expression: settings.cron_expression,
+            schedule_timezone: settings.schedule_timezone,
+            retention_days: settings.retention_days,
+            retention_count: settings.retention_count,
+            next_run_at: settings.next_run_at,
+            last_verified_at: settings.last_verified_at,
+            updated_at: settings.updated_at,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 更新 S3 存储配置请求；`secretAccessKey` 缺省表示保留旧值。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct UpdateBackupStorageRequest {
+    pub endpoint: String,
+    pub region: String,
+    pub bucket: String,
+    pub access_key_id: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub secret_access_key: Option<String>,
+    pub prefix: String,
+    pub force_path_style: bool,
+}
+
+/// 更新调度配置请求。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct UpdateBackupScheduleRequest {
+    pub schedule_enabled: bool,
+    pub cron_expression: String,
+    pub schedule_timezone: String,
+    pub retention_days: u32,
+    pub retention_count: u32,
+}
+
+/// 备份记录 wire 视图。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct BackupRecordView {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub trigger_kind: String,
+    pub status: String,
+    pub scheduled_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub object_key: String,
+    pub size_bytes: Option<u64>,
+    pub sha256: Option<String>,
+    pub attempt_count: u32,
+    pub error_code: Option<String>,
+    pub error_message: Option<String>,
+    pub started_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub completed_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+impl From<BackupRecord> for BackupRecordView {
+    fn from(record: BackupRecord) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: record.id,
+            trigger_kind: record.trigger_kind.to_string(),
+            status: record.status.to_string(),
+            scheduled_at: record.scheduled_at,
+            object_key: record.object_key,
+            size_bytes: record.size_bytes,
+            sha256: record.sha256,
+            attempt_count: record.attempt_count,
+            error_code: record.error_code,
+            error_message: record.error_message,
+            started_at: record.started_at,
+            completed_at: record.completed_at,
+            expires_at: record.expires_at,
+            created_at: record.created_at,
+            updated_at: record.updated_at,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 记录列表查询参数。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct BackupRecordsQuery {
+    pub page: Option<u32>,
+    pub page_size: Option<u16>,
+    pub status: Option<String>,
+    pub trigger: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// 下载地址请求。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct BackupIdRequest {
+    pub backup_id: String,
+}
+
+/// 下载地址响应。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DownloadUrlView {
+    pub url: String,
+    pub file_name: String,
+    pub expires_in_seconds: u64,
+}
+
+impl From<gateway_admin::model::backup::DownloadUrlResult> for DownloadUrlView {
+    fn from(result: gateway_admin::model::backup::DownloadUrlResult) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            url: result.url,
+            file_name: result.file_name,
+            expires_in_seconds: result.expires_in.as_secs(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 连接测试响应。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ConnectionTestView {
+    pub ok: bool,
+    pub stage: String,
+    pub code: Option<String>,
+    pub message: String,
+}
+
+impl From<ConnectionTestResult> for ConnectionTestView {
+    fn from(result: ConnectionTestResult) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            ok: result.ok,
+            stage: result.stage.to_owned(),
+            code: result.code.map(str::to_owned),
+            message: result.message,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 构造固定 GET/POST 备份路由。
+pub fn router<S>() -> Router<S>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    Router::new()
+        .route("/api/admin/settings/backups", get(backup_settings::<S>))
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/backups/storage/update",
+            post(update_backup_storage::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/backups/storage/test",
+            post(test_backup_storage::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/backups/schedule/update",
+            post(update_backup_schedule::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/backups/records",
+            get(backup_records::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/backups/create",
+            post(create_backup::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/backups/download-url",
+            post(download_backup_url::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/backups/delete",
+            post(delete_backup::<S>),
+        )
+}
+
+async fn backup_settings<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let settings = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .load_settings()
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(BackupSettingsView::from(settings)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn update_backup_storage<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<UpdateBackupStorageRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let command = UpdateBackupStorageCommand {
+        endpoint: request.endpoint,
+        region: request.region,
+        bucket: request.bucket,
+        access_key_id: request.access_key_id,
+        secret_access_key: request.secret_access_key.map(SecretString::from),
+        prefix: request.prefix,
+        force_path_style: request.force_path_style,
+    };
+    let settings = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .update_storage(&auth.context().mutation_context(), command)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(BackupSettingsView::from(settings)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn test_backup_storage<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .test_connection(&auth.context().mutation_context())
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(ConnectionTestView::from(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn update_backup_schedule<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<UpdateBackupScheduleRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let command = UpdateBackupScheduleCommand {
+        schedule_enabled: request.schedule_enabled,
+        cron_expression: request.cron_expression,
+        schedule_timezone: request.schedule_timezone,
+        retention_days: request.retention_days,
+        retention_count: request.retention_count,
+    };
+    let settings = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .update_schedule(&auth.context().mutation_context(), command)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(BackupSettingsView::from(settings)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn backup_records<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<BackupRecordsQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let page_size = gateway_admin::model::PageSize::new(query.page_size.unwrap_or(20))
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::bad_request("Invalid pageSize"))?;
+    let page = query.page.unwrap_or(1);
+    if page == 0 {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request("Invalid page"));
+    }
+    let status = match query.status.as_deref() {
+        None => None,
+        Some(value) => BackupStatus::parse(value)
+            .map(Some)
+            .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::bad_request("Invalid status"))?,
+    };
+    let trigger = match query.trigger.as_deref() {
+        None => None,
+        Some(value) => BackupTriggerKind::parse(value)
+            .map(Some)
+            .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::bad_request("Invalid trigger"))?,
+    };
+    let domain_query = gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupRecordListQuery {
+        page,
+        page_size,
+        status,
+        trigger,
+    };
+    let page_result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .list_records(domain_query)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    let meta = PageMeta::new(
+        page_result.page,
+        u32::from(page_result.page_size.get()),
+        page_result.total,
+        page_result.total_pages(),
+    );
+    let items: Vec<BackupRecordView> = page_result
+        .items
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(BackupRecordView::from)
+        .collect();
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(AdminPageData::new(items, meta)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn create_backup<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    body: Option<Json<CreateBackupRequest>>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let expires_at = body
+        .and_then(|body| body.0.expires_in_days)
+        .filter(|&days| days > 0)
+        .map(|days| Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::days(i64::from(days)));
+    let record = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .create_backup(&auth.context().mutation_context(), expires_at)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::ACCEPTED,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(BackupRecordView::from(record)),
+    ))
+}
+
+/// 创建备份请求；`expiresInDays` 为 0 或缺省表示不设置过期时间。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct CreateBackupRequest {
+    pub expires_in_days: Option<u32>,
+}
+
+async fn download_backup_url<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<BackupIdRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .download_url(&auth.context().mutation_context(), &request.backup_id)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(DownloadUrlView::from(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn delete_backup<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<BackupIdRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let record = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .delete_backup(&auth.context().mutation_context(), &request.backup_id)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(BackupRecordView::from(record)),
+    ))
+}
+
+fn map_service_error(error: gateway_admin::model::AdminError) -> AdminError {
+    map_admin_service_error(error, "Backup service unavailable")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,834 @@
+//! Client API Key 管理 wire contract。
+
+use std::fmt;
+
+use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD};
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use gateway_admin::model::client_keys::{
+    ClientKeyCursor, ClientKeyCursorValue as DomainCursorValue, ClientKeyListQuery,
+    ClientKeyMutation, ClientKeyPage, ClientKeyPageSize, ClientKeyRecord, ClientKeySecret,
+    ClientKeySort as DomainSort, ClientKeySortField as DomainSortField, CreateClientKey,
+    CreatedClientKey, DeleteClientKey, SetClientKeyEnabled, SortDirection, UpdateClientKey,
+};
+use gateway_core::{
+    policy::{ClientApiKeyId, RateLimits},
+    routing::AccountGroupId,
+};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use axum::{
+    Json, Router,
+    extract::{Query, State},
+    http::{HeaderValue, StatusCode, header::CACHE_CONTROL},
+    response::{IntoResponse, Response},
+    routing::{get, post},
+};
+
+use super::{
+    AdminAuth, AdminEnvelope, AdminError, AdminResponse, AdminSessionState, WireValidationError,
+    wire::map_admin_service_error,
+};
+
+const MAX_CURSOR_BYTES: usize = 512;
+const MAX_SEARCH_BYTES: usize = 256;
+const DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE: u16 = 50;
+
+/// Client Key 列表查询。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct ListClientKeysQuery {
+    cursor: Option<String>,
+    limit: Option<u16>,
+    search: Option<String>,
+    sort_by: Option<String>,
+    sort_direction: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl ListClientKeysQuery {
+    /// 校验 wire 边界并直接构造管理用例查询。
+    pub fn into_command(self) -> Result<ClientKeyListQuery, WireValidationError> {
+        if self
+            .cursor
+            .as_deref()
+            .is_some_and(|cursor| cursor.is_empty() || cursor.len() > MAX_CURSOR_BYTES)
+        {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("cursor"));
+        }
+        if self.limit == Some(0) {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("limit"));
+        }
+        let search = self.search.map(|search| search.trim().to_owned());
+        if search.as_deref().is_some_and(|search| {
+            search.len() > MAX_SEARCH_BYTES
+                || search.chars().any(char::is_control)
+                || contains_client_key_material(search)
+        }) {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("search"));
+        }
+        let sort = ClientKeySort::parse(
+            self.sort_by.as_deref().unwrap_or("createdAt"),
+            self.sort_direction.as_deref().unwrap_or("desc"),
+        )?;
+        let cursor = self
+            .cursor
+            .as_deref()
+            .map(decode_client_key_cursor)
+            .transpose()?
+            .map(domain_cursor)
+            .transpose()?;
+        let page_size = ClientKeyPageSize::new(self.limit.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE))
+            .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("limit"))?;
+        Ok(ClientKeyListQuery {
+            cursor,
+            page_size,
+            search: search.filter(|search| !search.is_empty()),
+            sort: domain_sort(sort),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// Client Key 数据库排序字段。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum ClientKeySortField {
+    Name,
+    Enabled,
+    CreatedAt,
+    LastUsedAt,
+}
+
+/// Client Key 数据库排序方向。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
+pub enum ClientKeySortDirection {
+    Asc,
+    Desc,
+}
+
+/// 已校验且会写入自描述游标的排序组合。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct ClientKeySort {
+    pub field: ClientKeySortField,
+    pub direction: ClientKeySortDirection,
+}
+
+impl ClientKeySort {
+    fn parse(field: &str, direction: &str) -> Result<Self, WireValidationError> {
+        let field = match field {
+            "name" => ClientKeySortField::Name,
+            "enabled" => ClientKeySortField::Enabled,
+            "createdAt" => ClientKeySortField::CreatedAt,
+            "lastUsedAt" => ClientKeySortField::LastUsedAt,
+            _ => return Err(WireValidationError::new("sortBy")),
+        };
+        let direction = match direction {
+            "asc" => ClientKeySortDirection::Asc,
+            "desc" => ClientKeySortDirection::Desc,
+            _ => return Err(WireValidationError::new("sortDirection")),
+        };
+        Ok(Self { field, direction })
+    }
+}
+
+/// 创建 Client Key 请求。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct CreateClientKeyRequest {
+    name: String,
+    label: Option<String>,
+    group_ids: Vec<String>,
+    max_concurrency: u64,
+    requests_per_minute: u64,
+}
+
+impl CreateClientKeyRequest {
+    /// 校验 wire 边界并直接构造管理用例命令。
+    pub fn into_command(self) -> Result<CreateClientKey, WireValidationError> {
+        validate_required_text(&self.name, "name")?;
+        validate_optional_text(self.label.as_deref(), "label")?;
+        let group_ids = validate_group_ids(self.group_ids)?;
+        validate_limit(self.max_concurrency, "maxConcurrency")?;
+        validate_limit(self.requests_per_minute, "requestsPerMinute")?;
+        Ok(CreateClientKey {
+            name: self.name,
+            label: self.label,
+            group_ids,
+            limits: RateLimits {
+                max_concurrency: self.max_concurrency,
+                requests_per_minute: self.requests_per_minute,
+            },
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// 更新 Client Key 请求。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct UpdateClientKeyRequest {
+    id: String,
+    name: String,
+    label: Option<String>,
+    group_ids: Vec<String>,
+    max_concurrency: u64,
+    requests_per_minute: u64,
+}
+
+impl UpdateClientKeyRequest {
+    /// 校验 wire 边界并直接构造管理用例命令。
+    pub fn into_command(self) -> Result<UpdateClientKey, WireValidationError> {
+        validate_required_text(&self.id, "id")?;
+        validate_required_text(&self.name, "name")?;
+        validate_optional_text(self.label.as_deref(), "label")?;
+        let group_ids = validate_group_ids(self.group_ids)?;
+        validate_limit(self.max_concurrency, "maxConcurrency")?;
+        validate_limit(self.requests_per_minute, "requestsPerMinute")?;
+        Ok(UpdateClientKey {
+            id: client_key_id(self.id, "clientKeyMutationNotFound")?,
+            name: self.name,
+            label: self.label,
+            group_ids,
+            limits: RateLimits {
+                max_concurrency: self.max_concurrency,
+                requests_per_minute: self.requests_per_minute,
+            },
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// 只携带 ID 的 Client Key mutation 请求。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct ClientKeyMutationRequest {
+    id: String,
+}
+
+/// 读取一次完整 Key 的 ID query。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct ClientKeyIdQuery {
+    id: String,
+}
+
+impl ClientKeyIdQuery {
+    pub fn into_id(self) -> Result<String, WireValidationError> {
+        validate_required_text(&self.id, "id")?;
+        Ok(self.id)
+    }
+
+    fn into_domain_id(self) -> Result<ClientApiKeyId, WireValidationError> {
+        client_key_id(self.into_id()?, "clientKeyRevealNotFound")
+    }
+}
+
+impl ClientKeyMutationRequest {
+    /// 校验请求并取出 ID。
+    pub fn into_id(self) -> Result<String, WireValidationError> {
+        validate_required_text(&self.id, "id")?;
+        Ok(self.id)
+    }
+
+    fn into_domain_id(self) -> Result<ClientApiKeyId, WireValidationError> {
+        client_key_id(self.into_id()?, "clientKeyMutationNotFound")
+    }
+}
+
+/// 不含完整 Key 的管理端安全视图。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ClientKeyView {
+    id: String,
+    name: String,
+    label: Option<String>,
+    routing_scope: &'static str,
+    groups: Vec<ClientKeyGroupView>,
+    provider_kinds: Vec<String>,
+    prefix: String,
+    enabled: bool,
+    max_concurrency: u64,
+    requests_per_minute: u64,
+    created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    last_used_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ClientKeyGroupView {
+    id: String,
+    name: String,
+    color: String,
+    enabled: bool,
+}
+
+impl From<ClientKeyRecord> for ClientKeyView {
+    fn from(record: ClientKeyRecord) -> Self {
+        let routing_scope = if record.groups.is_empty() {
+            "all"
+        } else {
+            "groups"
+        };
+        Self {
+            id: record.id.to_string(),
+            name: record.name,
+            label: record.label,
+            routing_scope,
+            groups: record
+                .groups
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|group| ClientKeyGroupView {
+                    id: group.id.to_string(),
+                    name: group.name,
+                    color: group.color.as_str().to_owned(),
+                    enabled: group.enabled,
+                })
+                .collect(),
+            provider_kinds: record
+                .provider_kinds
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|provider| provider.to_string())
+                .collect(),
+            prefix: record.prefix,
+            enabled: record.enabled,
+            max_concurrency: record.limits.max_concurrency,
+            requests_per_minute: record.limits.requests_per_minute,
+            created_at: record.created_at,
+            updated_at: record.updated_at,
+            last_used_at: record.last_used_at,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Client Key 列表响应数据。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ClientKeyListData {
+    items: Vec<ClientKeyView>,
+    next_cursor: Option<String>,
+    total: u64,
+}
+
+impl ClientKeyListData {
+    /// 构造 Client Key 列表响应。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(items: Vec<ClientKeyView>, next_cursor: Option<String>, total: u64) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            items,
+            next_cursor,
+            total,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<ClientKeyPage> for ClientKeyListData {
+    type Error = WireValidationError;
+
+    fn try_from(page: ClientKeyPage) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let next_cursor = page
+            .next_cursor
+            .map(wire_cursor)
+            .transpose()?
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(encode_client_key_cursor)
+            .transpose()?;
+        Ok(Self::new(
+            page.items.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
+            next_cursor,
+            page.total,
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Client Key 创建响应；完整值只允许出现在本次序列化结果中。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct CreatedClientKeyData {
+    id: String,
+    prefix: String,
+    plaintext_key: String,
+}
+
+impl CreatedClientKeyData {
+    /// 构造一次性创建响应。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(id: String, prefix: String, plaintext_key: String) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id,
+            prefix,
+            plaintext_key,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<CreatedClientKey> for CreatedClientKeyData {
+    fn from(created: CreatedClientKey) -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            created.secret.record.id.to_string(),
+            created.secret.record.prefix.clone(),
+            created.secret.expose_for_response().to_owned(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for CreatedClientKeyData {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("CreatedClientKeyData")
+            .field("id", &self.id)
+            .field("prefix", &self.prefix)
+            .field("plaintext_key", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 仅由显式 reveal 返回一次的完整明文 Key。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct RevealedClientKeyData {
+    id: String,
+    plaintext_key: String,
+}
+
+impl RevealedClientKeyData {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(id: String, plaintext_key: String) -> Self {
+        Self { id, plaintext_key }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ClientKeySecret> for RevealedClientKeyData {
+    fn from(secret: ClientKeySecret) -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            secret.record.id.to_string(),
+            secret.expose_for_response().to_owned(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for RevealedClientKeyData {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("RevealedClientKeyData")
+            .field("id", &self.id)
+            .field("plaintext_key", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Client Key mutation 响应数据。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct MutatedClientKeyData {
+    id: String,
+}
+
+impl MutatedClientKeyData {
+    /// 构造 mutation 响应。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(id: String) -> Self {
+        Self { id }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ClientKeyMutation> for MutatedClientKeyData {
+    fn from(mutation: ClientKeyMutation) -> Self {
+        Self::new(mutation.id.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 解码后的 Client Key 游标字段。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ClientKeyCursorData {
+    pub sort: ClientKeySort,
+    pub value: ClientKeyCursorValue,
+    pub id: String,
+}
+
+/// 游标中与排序字段严格对应的最后一行值。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(tag = "kind", content = "value", rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum ClientKeyCursorValue {
+    Name(String),
+    Enabled(bool),
+    CreatedAt(DateTime<Utc>),
+    LastUsedAt(Option<DateTime<Utc>>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct CursorWire {
+    sort: ClientKeySort,
+    value: ClientKeyCursorValue,
+    id: String,
+}
+
+/// 把 owner 游标编码为不透明 wire 值。
+pub fn encode_client_key_cursor(
+    cursor: &ClientKeyCursorData,
+) -> Result<String, WireValidationError> {
+    validate_client_key_cursor(cursor)?;
+    let bytes = serde_json::to_vec(&CursorWire {
+        sort: cursor.sort,
+        value: cursor.value.clone(),
+        id: cursor.id.clone(),
+    })
+    .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("cursor"))?;
+    Ok(URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(bytes))
+}
+
+/// 解码并严格校验 Client Key 游标。
+pub fn decode_client_key_cursor(encoded: &str) -> Result<ClientKeyCursorData, WireValidationError> {
+    if encoded.is_empty() || encoded.len() > MAX_CURSOR_BYTES {
+        return Err(WireValidationError::new("cursor"));
+    }
+    let bytes = URL_SAFE_NO_PAD
+        .decode(encoded)
+        .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("cursor"))?;
+    let cursor: CursorWire =
+        serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("cursor"))?;
+    let cursor = ClientKeyCursorData {
+        sort: cursor.sort,
+        value: cursor.value,
+        id: cursor.id,
+    };
+    validate_client_key_cursor(&cursor)?;
+    Ok(cursor)
+}
+
+fn validate_client_key_cursor(cursor: &ClientKeyCursorData) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+    validate_required_text(&cursor.id, "cursor")?;
+    let matching = matches!(
+        (cursor.sort.field, &cursor.value),
+        (ClientKeySortField::Name, ClientKeyCursorValue::Name(value)) if !value.trim().is_empty()
+    ) || matches!(
+        (cursor.sort.field, &cursor.value),
+        (
+            ClientKeySortField::Enabled,
+            ClientKeyCursorValue::Enabled(_)
+        ) | (
+            ClientKeySortField::CreatedAt,
+            ClientKeyCursorValue::CreatedAt(_)
+        ) | (
+            ClientKeySortField::LastUsedAt,
+            ClientKeyCursorValue::LastUsedAt(_)
+        )
+    );
+    if matching {
+        Ok(())
+    } else {
+        Err(WireValidationError::new("cursor"))
+    }
+}
+
+const fn domain_sort(sort: ClientKeySort) -> DomainSort {
+    DomainSort {
+        field: match sort.field {
+            ClientKeySortField::Name => DomainSortField::Name,
+            ClientKeySortField::Enabled => DomainSortField::Enabled,
+            ClientKeySortField::CreatedAt => DomainSortField::CreatedAt,
+            ClientKeySortField::LastUsedAt => DomainSortField::LastUsedAt,
+        },
+        direction: match sort.direction {
+            ClientKeySortDirection::Asc => SortDirection::Asc,
+            ClientKeySortDirection::Desc => SortDirection::Desc,
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+const fn wire_sort(sort: DomainSort) -> ClientKeySort {
+    ClientKeySort {
+        field: match sort.field {
+            DomainSortField::Name => ClientKeySortField::Name,
+            DomainSortField::Enabled => ClientKeySortField::Enabled,
+            DomainSortField::CreatedAt => ClientKeySortField::CreatedAt,
+            DomainSortField::LastUsedAt => ClientKeySortField::LastUsedAt,
+        },
+        direction: match sort.direction {
+            SortDirection::Asc => ClientKeySortDirection::Asc,
+            SortDirection::Desc => ClientKeySortDirection::Desc,
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn domain_cursor(cursor: ClientKeyCursorData) -> Result<ClientKeyCursor, WireValidationError> {
+    let value = match cursor.value {
+        ClientKeyCursorValue::Name(value) => DomainCursorValue::Name(value),
+        ClientKeyCursorValue::Enabled(value) => DomainCursorValue::Enabled(value),
+        ClientKeyCursorValue::CreatedAt(value) => DomainCursorValue::CreatedAt(value),
+        ClientKeyCursorValue::LastUsedAt(value) => DomainCursorValue::LastUsedAt(value),
+    };
+    Ok(ClientKeyCursor {
+        sort: domain_sort(cursor.sort),
+        value,
+        id: client_key_id(cursor.id, "cursor")?,
+    })
+}
+
+fn wire_cursor(cursor: ClientKeyCursor) -> Result<ClientKeyCursorData, WireValidationError> {
+    let value = match cursor.value {
+        DomainCursorValue::Name(value) => ClientKeyCursorValue::Name(value),
+        DomainCursorValue::Enabled(value) => ClientKeyCursorValue::Enabled(value),
+        DomainCursorValue::CreatedAt(value) => ClientKeyCursorValue::CreatedAt(value),
+        DomainCursorValue::LastUsedAt(value) => ClientKeyCursorValue::LastUsedAt(value),
+    };
+    let cursor = ClientKeyCursorData {
+        sort: wire_sort(cursor.sort),
+        value,
+        id: cursor.id.to_string(),
+    };
+    validate_client_key_cursor(&cursor)?;
+    Ok(cursor)
+}
+
+fn client_key_id(
+    value: String,
+    field: &'static str,
+) -> Result<ClientApiKeyId, WireValidationError> {
+    ClientApiKeyId::new(value).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new(field))
+}
+
+fn validate_limit(value: u64, field: &'static str) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+    if i64::try_from(value).is_err() {
+        return Err(WireValidationError::new(field));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_required_text(value: &str, field: &'static str) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+    if value.trim().is_empty() {
+        return Err(WireValidationError::new(field));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_group_ids(values: Vec<String>) -> Result<Vec<AccountGroupId>, WireValidationError> {
+    if values.len() > 1000
+        || values
+            .iter()
+            .collect::<std::collections::BTreeSet<_>>()
+            .len()
+            != values.len()
+    {
+        return Err(WireValidationError::new("groupIds"));
+    }
+    values
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|value| AccountGroupId::new(value).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("groupIds")))
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn validate_optional_text(
+    value: Option<&str>,
+    field: &'static str,
+) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+    if value.is_some_and(|value| value.trim().is_empty()) {
+        return Err(WireValidationError::new(field));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn contains_client_key_material(value: &str) -> bool {
+    value.as_bytes().windows(46).any(|window| {
+        &window[..3] == b"sk_"
+            && window[3..]
+                .iter()
+                .all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || matches!(byte, b'-' | b'_'))
+    })
+}
+
+/// 构造固定 GET/POST 且 ID 仅位于 query/body 的 Client API Key 路由。
+pub fn router<S>() -> Router<S>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    Router::new()
+        .route("/api/admin/client-keys", get(list_client_keys::<S>))
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/client-keys/create",
+            post(create_client_key::<S>),
+        )
+        .route("/api/admin/client-keys/reveal", get(reveal_client_key::<S>))
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/client-keys/update",
+            post(update_client_key::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/client-keys/disable",
+            post(disable_client_key::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/client-keys/enable",
+            post(enable_client_key::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/client-keys/delete",
+            post(delete_client_key::<S>),
+        )
+}
+
+async fn list_client_keys<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<ListClientKeysQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .client_keys()
+        .list(query.into_command().map_err(map_wire_error)?)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    let data = ClientKeyListData::try_from(result)
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Failed to encode client key cursor"))?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(StatusCode::OK, AdminEnvelope::ok(data)))
+}
+
+async fn create_client_key<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(payload): Json<CreateClientKeyRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let command = payload.into_command().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .client_keys()
+        .create(&auth.context().mutation_context(), command)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::CREATED,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(CreatedClientKeyData::from(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn reveal_client_key<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<ClientKeyIdQuery>,
+) -> Result<Response, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let id = query.into_domain_id().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .client_keys()
+        .reveal(&id)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    let mut response = AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(RevealedClientKeyData::from(result)),
+    )
+    .into_response();
+    response
+        .headers_mut()
+        .insert(CACHE_CONTROL, HeaderValue::from_static("no-store"));
+    Ok(response)
+}
+
+async fn update_client_key<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(payload): Json<UpdateClientKeyRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let command = payload.into_command().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    mutation_response(
+        state
+            .admin_services()
+            .client_keys()
+            .update(&auth.context().mutation_context(), command)
+            .await,
+    )
+}
+
+async fn disable_client_key<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(payload): Json<ClientKeyMutationRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let id = payload.into_domain_id().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    mutation_response(
+        state
+            .admin_services()
+            .client_keys()
+            .set_enabled(
+                &auth.context().mutation_context(),
+                SetClientKeyEnabled { id, enabled: false },
+            )
+            .await,
+    )
+}
+
+async fn enable_client_key<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(payload): Json<ClientKeyMutationRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let id = payload.into_domain_id().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    mutation_response(
+        state
+            .admin_services()
+            .client_keys()
+            .set_enabled(
+                &auth.context().mutation_context(),
+                SetClientKeyEnabled { id, enabled: true },
+            )
+            .await,
+    )
+}
+
+async fn delete_client_key<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(payload): Json<ClientKeyMutationRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let id = payload.into_domain_id().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    mutation_response(
+        state
+            .admin_services()
+            .client_keys()
+            .delete(&auth.context().mutation_context(), DeleteClientKey { id })
+            .await,
+    )
+}
+
+fn mutation_response(
+    result: Result<ClientKeyMutation, gateway_admin::model::AdminError>,
+) -> Result<AdminResponse<AdminEnvelope<MutatedClientKeyData>>, AdminError> {
+    let data = result.map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(MutatedClientKeyData::from(data)),
+    ))
+}
+
+fn map_wire_error(error: WireValidationError) -> AdminError {
+    match error.field() {
+        "cursor" => AdminError::bad_request("Invalid client key cursor"),
+        "clientKeyRevealNotFound" => AdminError::not_found("Client API key was not found"),
+        "clientKeyMutationNotFound" => AdminError::not_found("client API key was not found"),
+        _ => AdminError::bad_request("Invalid client API key request"),
+    }
+}
+
+fn map_service_error(error: gateway_admin::model::AdminError) -> AdminError {
+    map_admin_service_error(error, "Configuration repository unavailable")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+//! 管理端 HTTP adapter、wire contract 与固定路由。
+
+use axum::{
+    Router,
+    http::{HeaderValue, header},
+    middleware,
+    response::Response,
+};
+
+pub mod account_groups;
+pub mod accounts;
+pub mod auth;
+pub mod backups;
+pub mod client_keys;
+pub mod observability;
+pub mod presenter;
+pub mod settings;
+pub mod system;
+pub mod wire;
+
+pub use auth::{AdminAuth, AdminSessionState};
+pub use wire::{
+    ADMIN_OK_CODE, ADMIN_OK_MESSAGE, AdminEnvelope, AdminError, AdminErrorBody, AdminErrorCode,
+    AdminPageData, AdminResponse, PageMeta, WireValidationError,
+};
+
+/// 构造完整且固定的 `/api/admin` 路由。
+pub fn router<S>() -> Router<S>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    Router::new()
+        .merge(account_groups::router::<S>())
+        .merge(accounts::router::<S>())
+        .merge(auth::router::<S>())
+        .merge(backups::router::<S>())
+        .merge(client_keys::router::<S>())
+        .merge(observability::router::<S>())
+        .merge(settings::router::<S>())
+        .merge(system::router::<S>())
+        .layer(middleware::map_response(no_store))
+}
+
+async fn no_store(mut response: Response) -> Response {
+    response
+        .headers_mut()
+        .insert(header::CACHE_CONTROL, HeaderValue::from_static("no-store"));
+    response
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//! Dashboard、用量与诊断查询的 wire 映射和固定路由。
+
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, num::NonZeroU32};
+
+use axum::{
+    Router,
+    extract::{Query, State},
+    http::StatusCode,
+    response::IntoResponse,
+    routing::get,
+};
+use base64::engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, Utc};
+use gateway_admin::model::{PageSize as DomainPageSize, observability as domain};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+use super::presenter::{format_compact_number, format_decimal_currency, format_number};
+use super::{
+    AdminAuth, AdminEnvelope, AdminError, AdminResponse, AdminSessionState, PageMeta,
+    WireValidationError, wire::map_admin_service_error,
+};
+
+mod presenter;
+mod query;
+mod routes;
+mod wire;
+
+pub(crate) use presenter::*;
+pub use query::*;
+pub use routes::*;
+pub use wire::*;
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+//! 查询 wire 类型、校验与领域命令映射。
+
+use super::*;
+
+use base64::Engine as _;
+
+/// 观测列表默认页大小。
+pub const DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE: u16 = 50;
+/// 观测列表允许的最大页大小。
+pub const MAX_PAGE_SIZE: u16 = 100;
+/// 游标编码在 HTTP 层解码前允许的最大长度。
+pub const MAX_CURSOR_BYTES: usize = 1024;
+
+/// Dashboard 查询参数。
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct DashboardQuery {
+    pub kind: Option<String>,
+    pub start_time: Option<String>,
+    pub end_time: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl DashboardQuery {
+    /// 解析 dashboard 趋势类型。
+    pub fn trend_kind(&self) -> Result<TrendKind, WireValidationError> {
+        TrendKind::parse(self.kind.as_deref())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 逻辑请求列表、汇总和洞察查询参数。
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct UsageQuery {
+    pub page: Option<u32>,
+    pub page_size: Option<u16>,
+    pub cursor: Option<String>,
+    pub kind: Option<String>,
+    pub outcome: Option<String>,
+    pub client_api_key_id: Option<String>,
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub account_id: Option<String>,
+    pub route: Option<String>,
+    pub model: Option<String>,
+    pub status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub transport: Option<String>,
+    pub attempt_index: Option<i64>,
+    pub response_id: Option<String>,
+    pub upstream_request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub search: Option<String>,
+    pub start_time: Option<String>,
+    pub end_time: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl UsageQuery {
+    /// 校验分页字段，不改变仓储层的分页 owner。
+    pub fn validate_page(&self) -> Result<(u32, u16), WireValidationError> {
+        let page = self.page.unwrap_or(1);
+        if page == 0 {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("page"));
+        }
+        let page_size = self.page_size.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE);
+        if page_size == 0 || page_size > MAX_PAGE_SIZE {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("pageSize"));
+        }
+        Ok((page, page_size))
+    }
+
+    /// 校验游标的 wire 边界；编码和排序语义由应用层负责。
+    pub fn validate_cursor(&self) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+        validate_cursor(self.cursor.as_deref())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 详情查询参数。
+#[derive(Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct DetailQuery {
+    pub id: String,
+}
+
+impl DetailQuery {
+    /// 校验详情 ID，错误不回显输入值。
+    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+        require_text(&self.id, "id")
+    }
+}
+
+/// 诊断聚合查询参数。
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct DiagnosticsQuery {
+    pub dimension: Option<String>,
+    pub start_time: Option<String>,
+    pub end_time: Option<String>,
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub model: Option<String>,
+    pub status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub search: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl DiagnosticsQuery {
+    /// 解析诊断维度。
+    pub fn dimension(&self) -> Result<DiagnosticDimension, WireValidationError> {
+        DiagnosticDimension::parse(self.dimension.as_deref())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 运维错误查询参数。
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct OpsQuery {
+    pub page: Option<u32>,
+    pub page_size: Option<u16>,
+    pub cursor: Option<String>,
+    pub kind: Option<String>,
+    pub client_api_key_id: Option<String>,
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub account_id: Option<String>,
+    pub route: Option<String>,
+    pub model: Option<String>,
+    pub status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub client_status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub upstream_status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub transport: Option<String>,
+    pub attempt_index: Option<i64>,
+    pub failure_class: Option<String>,
+    pub response_id: Option<String>,
+    pub upstream_request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub search: Option<String>,
+    pub start_time: Option<String>,
+    pub end_time: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl OpsQuery {
+    /// 校验分页字段。
+    pub fn validate_page(&self) -> Result<(u32, u16), WireValidationError> {
+        let page = self.page.unwrap_or(1);
+        if page == 0 {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("page"));
+        }
+        let page_size = self.page_size.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE);
+        if page_size == 0 || page_size > MAX_PAGE_SIZE {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("pageSize"));
+        }
+        Ok((page, page_size))
+    }
+
+    /// 校验游标的 wire 边界。
+    pub fn validate_cursor(&self) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+        validate_cursor(self.cursor.as_deref())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 趋势类型。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
+pub enum TrendKind {
+    Usage,
+    Latency,
+    Errors,
+}
+
+impl TrendKind {
+    /// 从 query 值解析趋势类型。
+    pub fn parse(value: Option<&str>) -> Result<Self, WireValidationError> {
+        match trimmed(value) {
+            None | Some("usage") => Ok(Self::Usage),
+            Some("latency") => Ok(Self::Latency),
+            Some("errors") => Ok(Self::Errors),
+            Some(_) => Err(WireValidationError::new("kind")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 诊断聚合维度。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum DiagnosticDimension {
+    Model,
+    Account,
+    ApiKey,
+    Provider,
+    Transport,
+    Failure,
+    Status,
+}
+
+impl DiagnosticDimension {
+    /// 从 query 值解析诊断维度。
+    pub fn parse(value: Option<&str>) -> Result<Self, WireValidationError> {
+        match trimmed(value) {
+            None | Some("model") => Ok(Self::Model),
+            Some("account") => Ok(Self::Account),
+            Some("apiKey" | "api_key") => Ok(Self::ApiKey),
+            Some("provider") => Ok(Self::Provider),
+            Some("transport") => Ok(Self::Transport),
+            Some("failureClass" | "failure_class") => Ok(Self::Failure),
+            Some("status") => Ok(Self::Status),
+            Some(_) => Err(WireValidationError::new("dimension")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 返回终态响应中的稳定维度名称。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn display_name(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Model => "model",
+            Self::Account => "account",
+            Self::ApiKey => "apiKey",
+            Self::Provider => "provider",
+            Self::Transport => "transport",
+            Self::Failure => "failureClass",
+            Self::Status => "status",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 解析 RFC3339 时间；错误不回显原始值。
+pub fn parse_datetime(value: Option<&str>) -> Result<Option<DateTime<Utc>>, WireValidationError> {
+    let Some(value) = trimmed(value) else {
+        return Ok(None);
+    };
+    DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(value)
+        .map(|value| Some(value.with_timezone(&Utc)))
+        .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("timeRange"))
+}
+
+/// 解析 HTTP 状态码。
+pub fn parse_status(value: Option<i64>) -> Result<Option<u16>, WireValidationError> {
+    value
+        .map(|value| {
+            u16::try_from(value)
+                .ok()
+                .filter(|value| (100..=599).contains(value))
+                .ok_or_else(|| WireValidationError::new("statusCode"))
+        })
+        .transpose()
+}
+
+/// 解析尝试序号。
+pub fn parse_attempt_index(value: Option<i64>) -> Result<Option<u32>, WireValidationError> {
+    value
+        .map(|value| {
+            u32::try_from(value)
+                .ok()
+                .filter(|value| *value > 0 && *value <= i32::MAX as u32)
+                .ok_or_else(|| WireValidationError::new("attemptIndex"))
+        })
+        .transpose()
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn require_text(value: &str, field: &'static str) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+    if value.trim().is_empty() {
+        Err(WireValidationError::new(field))
+    } else {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn validate_cursor(value: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+    if value.is_some_and(|value| value.is_empty() || value.len() > MAX_CURSOR_BYTES) {
+        return Err(WireValidationError::new("cursor"));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn trimmed(value: Option<&str>) -> Option<&str> {
+    value.map(str::trim).filter(|value| !value.is_empty())
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn domain_trend_kind(kind: TrendKind) -> domain::TrendKind {
+    match kind {
+        TrendKind::Usage => domain::TrendKind::Usage,
+        TrendKind::Latency => domain::TrendKind::Latency,
+        TrendKind::Errors => domain::TrendKind::Errors,
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn domain_diagnostic_dimension(
+    dimension: DiagnosticDimension,
+) -> domain::DiagnosticDimension {
+    match dimension {
+        DiagnosticDimension::Model => domain::DiagnosticDimension::Model,
+        DiagnosticDimension::Account => domain::DiagnosticDimension::Account,
+        DiagnosticDimension::ApiKey => domain::DiagnosticDimension::ApiKey,
+        DiagnosticDimension::Provider => domain::DiagnosticDimension::Provider,
+        DiagnosticDimension::Transport => domain::DiagnosticDimension::Transport,
+        DiagnosticDimension::Failure => domain::DiagnosticDimension::Failure,
+        DiagnosticDimension::Status => domain::DiagnosticDimension::Status,
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn request_outcome(
+    value: Option<String>,
+) -> Result<Option<domain::RequestOutcome>, WireValidationError> {
+    non_empty(value)
+        .map(|value| {
+            domain::RequestOutcome::new(value).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("outcome"))
+        })
+        .transpose()
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn usage_range(
+    start: Option<&str>,
+    end: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<domain::TimeRange, WireValidationError> {
+    let end = parse_datetime(end)?.unwrap_or_else(Utc::now);
+    let start = parse_datetime(start)?.unwrap_or(end - Duration::days(7));
+    domain::TimeRange::new(start, end).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("timeRange"))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn dashboard_today_range(
+    start: Option<&str>,
+    end: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<domain::TimeRange, WireValidationError> {
+    let end = parse_datetime(end)?.unwrap_or_else(Utc::now);
+    let start = parse_datetime(start)?.unwrap_or_else(|| domain::china_day_start(end));
+    domain::TimeRange::new(start, end).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("timeRange"))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn usage_filter(query: &UsageQuery) -> Result<domain::UsageFilter, WireValidationError> {
+    let outcome = query.outcome.clone().or_else(|| {
+        non_empty(query.kind.clone()).filter(|value| {
+            matches!(
+                value.as_str(),
+                "running" | "succeeded" | "failed" | "cancelled" | "incomplete"
+            )
+        })
+    });
+    Ok(domain::UsageFilter {
+        client_api_key_ref: non_empty(query.client_api_key_id.clone()),
+        request_id: non_empty(query.request_id.clone()),
+        provider_account_ref: non_empty(query.account_id.clone()),
+        operation: non_empty(query.route.clone()),
+        provider_kind: non_empty(query.provider.clone()),
+        model: non_empty(query.model.clone()),
+        outcome: request_outcome(outcome)?,
+        status_code: parse_status(query.status_code)?,
+        transport: non_empty(query.transport.clone()),
+        attempt_index: parse_attempt_index(query.attempt_index)?,
+        response_id: non_empty(query.response_id.clone()),
+        upstream_request_id: non_empty(query.upstream_request_id.clone()),
+        search: non_empty(query.search.clone()),
+    })
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn usage_command(
+    query: &UsageQuery,
+) -> Result<(domain::UsageQuery, u32, u16), WireValidationError> {
+    let (page, page_size) = query.validate_page()?;
+    query.validate_cursor()?;
+    let page_number = NonZeroU32::new(page)
+        .map(domain::PageNumber::new)
+        .ok_or_else(|| WireValidationError::new("page"))?;
+    let page_size_value =
+        DomainPageSize::new(page_size).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("pageSize"))?;
+    Ok((
+        domain::UsageQuery {
+            range: usage_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())?,
+            filter: usage_filter(query)?,
+            cursor: decode_observability_cursor(query.cursor.as_deref())?,
+            page: page_number,
+            page_size: page_size_value,
+        },
+        page,
+        page_size,
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn ops_command(
+    query: &OpsQuery,
+) -> Result<(domain::OpsErrorQuery, u32, u16), WireValidationError> {
+    let (page, page_size) = query.validate_page()?;
+    query.validate_cursor()?;
+    let page_number = NonZeroU32::new(page)
+        .map(domain::PageNumber::new)
+        .ok_or_else(|| WireValidationError::new("page"))?;
+    let page_size_value =
+        DomainPageSize::new(page_size).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("pageSize"))?;
+    let status_code = parse_status(
+        query
+            .upstream_status_code
+            .or(query.client_status_code)
+            .or(query.status_code),
+    )?;
+    Ok((
+        domain::OpsErrorQuery {
+            range: usage_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())?,
+            filter: domain::OpsErrorFilter {
+                client_api_key_ref: non_empty(query.client_api_key_id.clone()),
+                request_id: non_empty(query.request_id.clone()),
+                provider_kind: non_empty(query.provider.clone()),
+                provider_account_ref: non_empty(query.account_id.clone()),
+                operation: non_empty(query.route.clone()).or_else(|| non_empty(query.kind.clone())),
+                model: non_empty(query.model.clone()),
+                transport: non_empty(query.transport.clone()),
+                attempt_index: parse_attempt_index(query.attempt_index)?,
+                response_id: non_empty(query.response_id.clone()),
+                upstream_request_id: non_empty(query.upstream_request_id.clone()),
+                failure_kind: non_empty(query.failure_class.clone()),
+                status_code,
+                search: non_empty(query.search.clone()),
+            },
+            cursor: decode_observability_cursor(query.cursor.as_deref())?,
+            page: page_number,
+            page_size: page_size_value,
+        },
+        page,
+        page_size,
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn decode_observability_cursor(
+    value: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<Option<domain::ObservabilityCursor>, WireValidationError> {
+    value
+        .map(|encoded| {
+            if encoded.is_empty() || encoded.len() > MAX_CURSOR_BYTES {
+                return Err(WireValidationError::new("cursor"));
+            }
+            let bytes = URL_SAFE_NO_PAD
+                .decode(encoded)
+                .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("cursor"))?;
+            let wire: CursorWire =
+                serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("cursor"))?;
+            if wire.stable_id.trim().is_empty() {
+                return Err(WireValidationError::new("cursor"));
+            }
+            Ok(domain::ObservabilityCursor {
+                observed_at: wire.observed_at,
+                stable_id: wire.stable_id,
+            })
+        })
+        .transpose()
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn encode_observability_cursor(
+    cursor: &domain::ObservabilityCursor,
+) -> Result<String, WireValidationError> {
+    let bytes = serde_json::to_vec(&CursorWire {
+        observed_at: cursor.observed_at,
+        stable_id: cursor.stable_id.clone(),
+    })
+    .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("cursor"))?;
+    Ok(URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(bytes))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn non_empty(value: Option<String>) -> Option<String> {
+    value
+        .map(|value| value.trim().to_owned())
+        .filter(|value| !value.is_empty())
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+//! 固定 `/api/admin` 观测路由与 handler。
+
+use super::*;
+
+pub fn router<S>() -> Router<S>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    Router::new()
+        .route("/api/admin/dashboard/summary", get(dashboard_summary::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/dashboard/trend", get(dashboard_trend::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/usage/records", get(usage_records::<S>))
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/usage/records/detail",
+            get(usage_record_detail::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/usage/records/summary",
+            get(usage_records_summary::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/usage/insights/overview",
+            get(usage_insights_overview::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/usage/insights/diagnostics",
+            get(usage_insights_diagnostics::<S>),
+        )
+        .route("/api/admin/operations/errors", get(ops_errors::<S>))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn dashboard_summary<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<DashboardQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let kind = query.trend_kind().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    // 概览默认按中国时区当日统计，与单独趋势接口保持同一口径。
+    let range = dashboard_today_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())
+        .map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .dashboard_summary(range, domain_trend_kind(kind))
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(dashboard_view(result, kind)),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn dashboard_trend<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<DashboardQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let kind = query.trend_kind().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let range = dashboard_today_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())
+        .map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .dashboard_trend(range, domain_trend_kind(kind))
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(trend_view(result, kind)),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn usage_records<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<UsageQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let (command, page, page_size) = usage_command(&query).map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .usage_records(command)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    let data = usage_page_view(result, page, page_size)
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Failed to encode observability cursor"))?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(StatusCode::OK, AdminEnvelope::ok(data)))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn usage_record_detail<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<DetailQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    query.validate().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .usage_record_detail(query.id.trim())
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(usage_detail_view(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn usage_records_summary<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<UsageQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let range = usage_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())
+        .map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let filter = usage_filter(&query).map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .usage_summary(range, filter)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(usage_summary_view(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn usage_insights_overview<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<UsageQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let range = usage_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())
+        .map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let filter = usage_filter(&query).map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .usage_insights(range, filter)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(usage_insights_view(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn usage_insights_diagnostics<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<DiagnosticsQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let dimension = query.dimension().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let range = usage_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())
+        .map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let filter = domain::UsageFilter {
+        provider_kind: non_empty(query.provider),
+        model: non_empty(query.model),
+        status_code: parse_status(query.status_code).map_err(map_wire_error)?,
+        search: non_empty(query.search),
+        ..domain::UsageFilter::default()
+    };
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .diagnostics(range, filter, domain_diagnostic_dimension(dimension))
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(diagnostics_view(result, dimension)),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn ops_errors<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<OpsQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let (command, page, page_size) = ops_command(&query).map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .ops_errors(command)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    let data = ops_page_view(result, page, page_size)
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Failed to encode observability cursor"))?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(StatusCode::OK, AdminEnvelope::ok(data)))
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,712 @@
+//! 响应 DTO 与固定 wire 形状。
+
+use super::*;
+
+/// 观测列表游标的稳定 wire 形状。
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct CursorWire {
+    pub observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub stable_id: String,
+}
+
+/// 观测列表响应数据。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct PageData<T> {
+    pub items: Vec<T>,
+    pub page: PageMeta,
+    pub next_cursor: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Token 详情展示。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct TokenDetailsView {
+    pub input_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub output_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cached_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cache_write_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub reasoning_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub image_input_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub image_output_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub total_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub input_tokens_display: String,
+    pub output_tokens_display: String,
+    pub cached_tokens_display: String,
+    pub cache_write_tokens_display: String,
+    pub reasoning_tokens_display: String,
+    pub image_input_tokens_display: String,
+    pub image_output_tokens_display: String,
+    pub total_tokens_display: String,
+}
+
+/// 按货币展示的成本。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct CostView {
+    pub currency: String,
+    pub estimated_amount: String,
+}
+
+/// 成本覆盖状态计数。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct CostCoverageView {
+    pub known: u64,
+    pub partial: u64,
+    pub unknown: u64,
+    pub not_billable: u64,
+}
+
+/// Provider 受控价格规则生成的单次请求费用明细展示。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct BillingView {
+    pub input_amount_display: String,
+    pub output_amount_display: String,
+    pub cache_read_amount_display: String,
+    pub cache_write_amount_display: String,
+    pub standard_amount_display: String,
+    pub total_amount_display: String,
+    pub input_price_display: String,
+    pub output_price_display: String,
+    pub cache_read_price_display: String,
+    pub cache_write_price_display: String,
+    pub service_tier_display: String,
+    pub multiplier_display: String,
+}
+
+/// 单条逻辑请求展示。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct UsageRecordView {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub request_id: String,
+    pub client_api_key_id: Option<String>,
+    pub routing_scope: String,
+    pub routing_group_refs: Vec<String>,
+    pub routing_group_names_snapshot: Vec<String>,
+    pub kind: String,
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub authentication_kind: Option<String>,
+    pub account_id: Option<String>,
+    pub account_email: Option<String>,
+    pub account_name: Option<String>,
+    pub route: String,
+    pub model: String,
+    pub requested_model: Option<String>,
+    pub upstream_model: Option<String>,
+    pub service_tier: Option<String>,
+    pub status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub transport: Option<String>,
+    pub protocol: String,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub http_version: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub client_status_code: Option<i64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub upstream_status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub websocket_pool: Option<WebSocketPoolMetadataView>,
+    pub image_generation_requested: bool,
+    pub image_generation_succeeded: Option<bool>,
+    pub latency_details: UsageLatencyDetailsView,
+    pub attempt_index: Option<i64>,
+    pub attempt_count: u64,
+    pub response_id: Option<String>,
+    pub upstream_request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub latency_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub first_token_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub input_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub output_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cached_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cache_write_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub reasoning_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub image_input_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub image_output_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub message: String,
+    /// Provider 安全观测；Core 字段由顶层字段提供，不再复制进 metadata。
+    pub metadata: BTreeMap<String, Value>,
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub created_at_display: String,
+    pub client_ip: Option<String>,
+    pub user_agent: Option<String>,
+    pub reasoning_effort: Option<String>,
+    pub reasoning_preset: Option<String>,
+    pub compact: Option<bool>,
+    pub request_kind: Option<String>,
+    pub subagent_kind: Option<String>,
+    pub token_details: TokenDetailsView,
+    pub billing: Option<BillingView>,
+    pub costs: Vec<CostView>,
+    pub cost_coverage: CostCoverageView,
+    pub first_token_latency_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub first_token_latency_ms_display: String,
+    pub latency_ms_display: String,
+    pub logical_outcome: String,
+}
+
+/// WebSocket 池决策的稳定形状；与 Provider 选择逻辑无关。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct WebSocketPoolMetadataView {
+    pub kind: String,
+}
+
+/// 逻辑请求在上游和输出阶段测得的时延事实。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct UsageLatencyDetailsView {
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub transport_decision_wait_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub ws_connect_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub upstream_headers_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub first_event_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub first_reasoning_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub first_text_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub first_token_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub openai_processing_ms: Option<u64>,
+}
+
+/// 单次上游尝试展示。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct UsageAttemptView {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub attempt_index: u32,
+    pub trigger: String,
+    pub provider: String,
+    pub model: String,
+    pub transport: String,
+    pub send_state: String,
+    pub outcome: String,
+    pub downstream_committed: bool,
+    pub status_code: Option<u16>,
+    pub provider_error_code: Option<String>,
+    pub failure_class: Option<String>,
+    pub cost_estimate_status: String,
+    pub estimated_cost_amount: Option<String>,
+    pub estimated_cost_currency: Option<String>,
+    pub input_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub output_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cached_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub total_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub first_token_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub latency_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub credential_name: Option<String>,
+    pub account_id: Option<String>,
+    pub account_name: Option<String>,
+    pub account_email: Option<String>,
+    pub authentication_kind: Option<String>,
+    pub started_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub completed_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+}
+
+/// 逻辑请求详情与其尝试列表。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct UsageRecordDetailView {
+    #[serde(flatten)]
+    pub request: UsageRecordView,
+    pub attempts: Vec<UsageAttemptView>,
+    /// 尝试列表是否完整；best-effort 下恒为 false。
+    pub attempts_complete: bool,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 趋势数据。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct TrendData {
+    pub kind: TrendKind,
+    pub points: Vec<TrendPointView>,
+    pub summary: Vec<TrendSummaryView>,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 单个趋势桶。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct TrendPointView {
+    pub time: String,
+    pub bucket: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub label: String,
+    pub requests: String,
+    pub requests_value: u64,
+    pub input_tokens: String,
+    pub input_tokens_value: u64,
+    pub output_tokens: String,
+    pub output_tokens_value: u64,
+    pub cached_tokens: String,
+    pub cached_tokens_value: u64,
+    pub cache_hit_rate_value: f64,
+    pub tokens_value: u64,
+    pub errors: String,
+    pub errors_value: u64,
+    pub latency: String,
+    pub latency_value: Option<u64>,
+    pub max_latency: String,
+    pub max_latency_value: Option<u64>,
+    pub min_latency: String,
+    pub min_latency_value: Option<u64>,
+    pub success_rate: String,
+    pub success_rate_value: Option<f64>,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 趋势摘要。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct TrendSummaryView {
+    pub label: String,
+    pub value: String,
+    pub ratio: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 卡片集合。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardCardsView {
+    pub credentials: DashboardCredentialsCardView,
+    pub traffic: DashboardTrafficCardView,
+    pub tokens: DashboardTokensCardView,
+    pub cache: DashboardCacheCardView,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 上游凭据卡片。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardCredentialsCardView {
+    pub total: String,
+    pub total_value: u64,
+    pub available: String,
+    pub available_value: u64,
+    pub unavailable: String,
+    pub unavailable_value: u64,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 流量卡片。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardTrafficCardView {
+    pub today_requests: String,
+    pub today_requests_value: u64,
+    pub yesterday_requests_value: u64,
+    pub total_requests: String,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard token 卡片。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardTokensCardView {
+    pub today_tokens: String,
+    pub today_tokens_value: u64,
+    pub yesterday_tokens_value: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: String,
+    pub total_billing_amount_usd: String,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 缓存卡片。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardCacheCardView {
+    pub today_hit_rate: String,
+    pub today_hit_rate_value: Option<f64>,
+    pub yesterday_hit_rate_value: Option<f64>,
+    pub total_hit_rate: String,
+    pub total_cached_tokens: String,
+    pub average_first_token_latency_ms: String,
+}
+
+/// 旧 Dashboard 账号概览卡片所需的 Provider 安全投影。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardAccountUsageView {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub provider: String,
+    pub authentication_kind: String,
+    pub email: String,
+    pub plan_type: Option<String>,
+    pub tokens: String,
+    pub request_count: u64,
+    pub request_buckets: Vec<DashboardAccountRequestBucketView>,
+    pub quota_used_percent: Option<f64>,
+    pub last_used: String,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 账号单小时请求数。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardAccountRequestBucketView {
+    pub bucket_start: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub request_count: u64,
+}
+
+/// Provider 账号池的持久事实汇总。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardPoolSummaryView {
+    pub total: u64,
+    pub normal: u64,
+    pub quota_exhausted: u64,
+    pub rate_limited: u64,
+    pub disabled: u64,
+    pub error: u64,
+}
+
+/// 同 target 账号调度容量；Redis 未提供聚合事实时运行中槽位保持空值。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardCapacityInfoView {
+    pub max_concurrent_per_account: u64,
+    pub total_slots: u64,
+    pub used_slots: Option<u64>,
+    pub available_slots: Option<u64>,
+}
+
+/// 逻辑请求指标展示。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct RequestMetricsView {
+    pub request_count: u64,
+    pub success_count: u64,
+    pub failure_count: u64,
+    pub cancelled_count: u64,
+    pub incomplete_count: u64,
+    pub caller_error_count: u64,
+    pub input_tokens: u64,
+    pub output_tokens: u64,
+    pub cached_tokens: u64,
+    pub cache_write_tokens: u64,
+    pub reasoning_tokens: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: u64,
+}
+
+/// 上游尝试指标展示。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct AttemptMetricsView {
+    pub attempt_count: u64,
+    pub success_count: u64,
+    pub failure_count: u64,
+    pub cancelled_count: u64,
+    pub incomplete_count: u64,
+    pub rate_limited_count: u64,
+    pub auth_failure_count: u64,
+    pub provider5xx_count: u64,
+    pub cost_coverage: CostCoverageView,
+    pub costs: Vec<CostView>,
+}
+
+/// 健康时间线单点。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct HealthTimelinePointView {
+    pub time: String,
+    pub status: String,
+    pub reliability_display: String,
+    pub success_requests: u64,
+    pub failed_requests: u64,
+    pub cancelled_requests: u64,
+    pub incomplete_requests: u64,
+    pub caller_error_requests: u64,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 健康时间线。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct HealthTimelineView {
+    pub title: String,
+    pub description: String,
+    pub reliability_display: String,
+    pub status: String,
+    pub success_requests: u64,
+    pub failed_requests: u64,
+    pub cancelled_requests: u64,
+    pub incomplete_requests: u64,
+    pub caller_error_requests: u64,
+    pub points: Vec<HealthTimelinePointView>,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 展示的实际 Provider 上游请求身份。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardWireProfileView {
+    pub provider: String,
+    pub product: String,
+    pub version: String,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub build: Option<String>,
+    pub target: DashboardWireTargetView,
+    pub user_agent: String,
+    pub attributes: Vec<DashboardWireAttributeView>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub verified_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub release: Option<DashboardDesktopReleaseView>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardWireAttributeView {
+    pub label: String,
+    pub value: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardWireTargetView {
+    pub os_type: String,
+    pub os_version: String,
+    pub arch: String,
+    pub terminal: String,
+}
+
+/// 发布检查与启动画像分离；未检查时使用明确的 `unchecked` 状态。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardDesktopReleaseView {
+    pub status: DashboardDesktopReleaseStatusView,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub checked_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub latest_version: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub latest_build: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub error: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 发布检查的稳定 wire 状态。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum DashboardDesktopReleaseStatusView {
+    Unchecked,
+    Aligned,
+    ReviewRequired,
+    CheckFailed,
+}
+
+impl From<domain::DesktopReleaseStatus> for DashboardDesktopReleaseStatusView {
+    fn from(status: domain::DesktopReleaseStatus) -> Self {
+        match status {
+            domain::DesktopReleaseStatus::Unchecked => Self::Unchecked,
+            domain::DesktopReleaseStatus::Current => Self::Aligned,
+            domain::DesktopReleaseStatus::UpdateAvailable => Self::ReviewRequired,
+            domain::DesktopReleaseStatus::Failed => Self::CheckFailed,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 汇总响应数据。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardDataView {
+    pub cards: DashboardCardsView,
+    pub trend: TrendData,
+    pub health_timeline: HealthTimelineView,
+    pub wire_profiles: Vec<DashboardWireProfileView>,
+    pub account_usage: Vec<DashboardAccountUsageView>,
+    pub usage_records: Vec<UsageRecordView>,
+    pub pool_summary: DashboardPoolSummaryView,
+    pub capacity_info: DashboardCapacityInfoView,
+    pub rotation_strategy: String,
+}
+
+/// 用量汇总响应数据。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct UsageSummaryView {
+    pub total_requests: String,
+    pub input_tokens: String,
+    pub output_tokens: String,
+    pub cached_tokens: String,
+    pub cache_write_tokens: String,
+    pub total_tokens: String,
+    pub average_latency_ms: String,
+    pub logical_requests: RequestMetricsView,
+    pub attempts: AttemptMetricsView,
+}
+
+/// 洞察健康趋势点。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OverviewHealthPointView {
+    pub bucket: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub label: String,
+    pub success_requests: u64,
+    pub failed_requests: u64,
+    pub cancelled_requests: u64,
+    pub incomplete_requests: u64,
+    pub caller_error_requests: u64,
+    pub error_rate: f64,
+}
+
+/// 洞察健康摘要。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OverviewHealthView {
+    pub total_requests: u64,
+    pub success_requests: u64,
+    pub failed_requests: u64,
+    pub cancelled_requests: u64,
+    pub incomplete_requests: u64,
+    pub caller_error_requests: u64,
+    pub success_rate: f64,
+    pub request_change_rate: Option<f64>,
+    pub success_rate_change: Option<f64>,
+    pub points: Vec<OverviewHealthPointView>,
+}
+
+/// 洞察性能趋势点。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OverviewPerformancePointView {
+    pub bucket: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub label: String,
+    pub latency_p50_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub latency_p95_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub latency_p99_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub first_token_p50_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub first_token_p95_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub first_token_p99_ms: Option<f64>,
+}
+
+/// 洞察性能摘要。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OverviewPerformanceView {
+    pub latency_p50_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub latency_p95_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub latency_p99_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub first_token_p50_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub first_token_p95_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub first_token_p99_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub latency_coverage: f64,
+    pub first_token_coverage: f64,
+    pub points: Vec<OverviewPerformancePointView>,
+}
+
+/// 洞察成本趋势点。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OverviewCostPointView {
+    pub bucket: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub label: String,
+    pub input_tokens: u64,
+    pub output_tokens: u64,
+    pub cached_tokens: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: u64,
+    pub estimated_cost: Option<String>,
+    pub standard_cost: Option<String>,
+    pub cached_token_rate: f64,
+    pub cache_hit_request_rate: Option<f64>,
+}
+
+/// 洞察成本摘要。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OverviewCostView {
+    pub estimated_cost: Option<String>,
+    pub standard_cost: Option<String>,
+    pub cost_per_request: Option<String>,
+    pub tokens_per_request: f64,
+    pub cached_token_rate: f64,
+    pub cache_hit_request_rate: Option<f64>,
+    pub input_tokens: u64,
+    pub output_tokens: u64,
+    pub cached_tokens: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: u64,
+    pub points: Vec<OverviewCostPointView>,
+    pub costs: Vec<CostView>,
+    pub coverage: CostCoverageView,
+}
+
+/// Provider 维度洞察摘要。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ProviderOverviewView {
+    pub provider: String,
+    pub request_count: u64,
+    pub attempt_count: u64,
+    pub failure_count: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: u64,
+}
+
+/// 用量洞察总响应。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct UsageInsightsOverviewView {
+    pub granularity: String,
+    pub health: OverviewHealthView,
+    pub performance: OverviewPerformanceView,
+    pub cost: OverviewCostView,
+    pub attempts: AttemptMetricsView,
+    pub providers: Vec<ProviderOverviewView>,
+}
+
+/// 诊断聚合项目。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DiagnosticItemView {
+    pub key: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub request_count: u64,
+    pub success_count: u64,
+    pub error_count: u64,
+    pub error_rate: f64,
+    pub request_share: f64,
+    pub average_latency_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub latency_p95_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub estimated_cost: Option<String>,
+    pub attempt_count: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: u64,
+}
+
+/// 诊断聚合响应。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DiagnosticsView {
+    pub dimension: String,
+    pub items: Vec<DiagnosticItemView>,
+}
+
+/// 运维错误项目。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OpsErrorView {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub client_api_key_id: Option<String>,
+    pub kind: String,
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub authentication_kind: Option<String>,
+    pub account_id: Option<String>,
+    pub route: String,
+    pub model: Option<String>,
+    pub client_status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub upstream_status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub transport: Option<String>,
+    pub attempt_index: Option<u32>,
+    pub failure_class: String,
+    pub response_id: Option<String>,
+    pub upstream_request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub latency_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub message: String,
+    pub metadata: OpsErrorMetadataView,
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub created_at_display: String,
+}
+
+/// 运维错误安全元数据；只保留可查询的标识，不回显秘密材料。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OpsErrorMetadataView {
+    pub source: String,
+    pub component: String,
+    pub attempt_id: Option<String>,
+    pub account_label: Option<String>,
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//! Admin API 的展示层辅助：数值格式化。
+//!
+//! 按 docs/project-redundancy-boundary-audit.md BE-02 的目标，display 字段最终
+//! 迁移到前端；过渡期统一由本模块提供，避免 accounts/observability 各自维护。
+
+use gateway_core::accounting::Decimal;
+
+/// 千分位格式化。
+#[must_use]
+pub fn format_number(value: u64) -> String {
+    let text = value.to_string();
+    let mut output = String::with_capacity(text.len() + text.len() / 3);
+    for (index, character) in text.chars().rev().enumerate() {
+        if index > 0 && index % 3 == 0 {
+            output.push(',');
+        }
+        output.push(character);
+    }
+    output.chars().rev().collect()
+}
+
+/// 紧凑格式化：≥1000 时用 K/M/B/T/P 后缀，否则千分位。
+#[must_use]
+pub fn format_compact_number(value: u64) -> String {
+    if value < 1_000 {
+        return format_number(value);
+    }
+    for (suffix, threshold) in [
+        ("P", 1_000_000_000_000_000_u64),
+        ("T", 1_000_000_000_000_u64),
+        ("B", 1_000_000_000_u64),
+        ("M", 1_000_000_u64),
+        ("K", 1_000_u64),
+    ] {
+        if value >= threshold {
+            let scaled = value as f64 / threshold as f64;
+            return format!("{scaled:.1}{suffix}").replace(".0", "");
+        }
+    }
+    format_number(value)
+}
+
+/// 货币展示格式化。USD 常规金额保留两位，小于 1 美元时最多保留四位。
+#[must_use]
+pub fn format_decimal_currency(amount: &str, currency: &str) -> String {
+    if currency != "USD" {
+        return format!("{currency} {amount}");
+    }
+
+    const DECIMAL_SCALE: u128 = 10_000_000_000;
+    let scaled = amount.parse::<Decimal>().unwrap_or_default().scaled();
+    let precision = if scaled != 0 && scaled < DECIMAL_SCALE {
+        4_u32
+    } else {
+        2_u32
+    };
+    let rounding_unit = 10_u128.pow(10 - precision);
+    let rounded = (scaled + rounding_unit / 2) / rounding_unit;
+    let display_scale = 10_u128.pow(precision);
+    let whole = rounded / display_scale;
+    let fraction = rounded % display_scale;
+    let mut display = format!("{whole}.{fraction:0width$}", width = precision as usize);
+    while display.ends_with('0')
+        && display
+            .split_once('.')
+            .is_some_and(|(_, fraction)| fraction.len() > 2)
+    {
+        display.pop();
+    }
+    format!("${display}")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+//! Runtime settings、旧设置页聚合投影与明文 Admin API Key wire。
+
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, fmt};
+
+use axum::{
+    Json, Router,
+    extract::State,
+    http::StatusCode,
+    response::IntoResponse,
+    routing::{get, post},
+};
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use gateway_admin::model::settings::{
+    ModelMappings as DomainModelMappings, ReplaceRuntimeSettings, RotationStrategy, RuntimeSettings,
+};
+use gateway_core::routing::{PublicModelId, UpstreamModelId};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use super::{
+    AdminAuth, AdminEnvelope, AdminError, AdminResponse, AdminSessionState, WireValidationError,
+    wire::map_admin_service_error,
+};
+
+/// 客户端模型到上游模型的全局精确映射。
+pub type ModelMappings = BTreeMap<String, String>;
+
+/// 运行配置投影与设置页字段的聚合响应。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct RuntimeSettingsView {
+    pub model_mappings: ModelMappings,
+    pub refresh_margin_seconds: u64,
+    pub refresh_concurrency: u64,
+    pub max_concurrent_per_account: u64,
+    pub request_interval_ms: u64,
+    pub rotation_strategy: String,
+    pub usage_retention_days: u64,
+    pub ops_event_retention_days: u64,
+    pub audit_retention_days: u64,
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+/// 原子替换全局运行参数的请求。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct UpdateRuntimeSettingsRequest {
+    pub model_mappings: ModelMappings,
+    pub refresh_margin_seconds: u64,
+    pub refresh_concurrency: u64,
+    pub max_concurrent_per_account: u64,
+    pub request_interval_ms: u64,
+    pub rotation_strategy: String,
+    pub usage_retention_days: u64,
+    pub ops_event_retention_days: u64,
+    pub audit_retention_days: u64,
+}
+
+impl UpdateRuntimeSettingsRequest {
+    /// 校验公共运行参数。
+    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+        validate_model_mappings(&self.model_mappings)?;
+        for (value, field) in [
+            (self.refresh_margin_seconds, "refreshMarginSeconds"),
+            (self.refresh_concurrency, "refreshConcurrency"),
+            (self.max_concurrent_per_account, "maxConcurrentPerAccount"),
+            (self.usage_retention_days, "usageRetentionDays"),
+            (self.ops_event_retention_days, "opsEventRetentionDays"),
+            (self.audit_retention_days, "auditRetentionDays"),
+        ] {
+            require_positive_i64(value, field)?;
+        }
+        if i64::try_from(self.request_interval_ms).is_err() {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("requestIntervalMs"));
+        }
+        if RotationStrategy::parse(&self.rotation_strategy).is_none() {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("rotationStrategy"));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn into_command(self) -> Result<ReplaceRuntimeSettings, WireValidationError> {
+        self.validate()?;
+        Ok(ReplaceRuntimeSettings {
+            model_mappings: domain_model_mappings(self.model_mappings)?,
+            refresh_margin_seconds: self.refresh_margin_seconds,
+            refresh_concurrency: u32::try_from(self.refresh_concurrency)
+                .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("settingsRefreshConcurrencyOverflow"))?,
+            max_concurrent_per_account: u32::try_from(self.max_concurrent_per_account)
+                .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("settingsMaxConcurrencyOverflow"))?,
+            request_interval_ms: self.request_interval_ms,
+            rotation_strategy: RotationStrategy::parse(&self.rotation_strategy)
+                .ok_or_else(|| WireValidationError::new("rotationStrategy"))?,
+            usage_retention_days: u32::try_from(self.usage_retention_days)
+                .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("settingsUsageRetentionOverflow"))?,
+            ops_event_retention_days: u32::try_from(self.ops_event_retention_days)
+                .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("settingsOpsRetentionOverflow"))?,
+            audit_retention_days: u32::try_from(self.audit_retention_days)
+                .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("settingsAuditRetentionOverflow"))?,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<RuntimeSettings> for RuntimeSettingsView {
+    fn from(settings: RuntimeSettings) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            model_mappings: wire_model_mappings(settings.model_mappings),
+            refresh_margin_seconds: settings.refresh_margin_seconds,
+            refresh_concurrency: u64::from(settings.refresh_concurrency),
+            max_concurrent_per_account: u64::from(settings.max_concurrent_per_account),
+            request_interval_ms: settings.request_interval_ms,
+            rotation_strategy: settings.rotation_strategy.as_str().to_owned(),
+            usage_retention_days: u64::from(settings.usage_retention_days),
+            ops_event_retention_days: u64::from(settings.ops_event_retention_days),
+            audit_retention_days: u64::from(settings.audit_retention_days),
+            updated_at: settings.updated_at,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 管理 API Key 状态；状态读取不回显完整值。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct AdminApiKeyStatus {
+    pub exists: bool,
+}
+
+/// 管理 API Key 重新生成响应。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+pub struct RegeneratedAdminApiKey {
+    pub key: String,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for RegeneratedAdminApiKey {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("RegeneratedAdminApiKey")
+            .field("key", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 管理 API Key 删除响应。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+pub struct DeletedAdminApiKey {
+    pub message: &'static str,
+}
+
+impl Default for DeletedAdminApiKey {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            message: "Admin API key deleted",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 构造固定 GET/POST 设置路由。
+pub fn router<S>() -> Router<S>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    Router::new()
+        .route("/api/admin/settings", get(settings::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/settings/update", post(update_settings::<S>))
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/admin-api-key",
+            get(admin_api_key_status::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/admin-api-key/delete",
+            post(delete_admin_api_key::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/admin-api-key/regenerate",
+            post(regenerate_admin_api_key::<S>),
+        )
+}
+
+async fn settings<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .settings()
+        .load()
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(RuntimeSettingsView::from(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn update_settings<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<UpdateRuntimeSettingsRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let command = request.into_command().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .settings()
+        .replace(&auth.context().mutation_context(), command)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(RuntimeSettingsView::from(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn admin_api_key_status<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let exists = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .settings()
+        .admin_api_key_exists()
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(AdminApiKeyStatus { exists }),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn regenerate_admin_api_key<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .settings()
+        .regenerate_admin_api_key(&auth.context().mutation_context())
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(RegeneratedAdminApiKey {
+            key: result.key.expose_for_response().to_owned(),
+        }),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn delete_admin_api_key<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    state
+        .admin_services()
+        .settings()
+        .delete_admin_api_key(&auth.context().mutation_context())
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(DeletedAdminApiKey::default()),
+    ))
+}
+
+fn require_positive_i64(value: u64, field: &'static str) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+    if value == 0 || i64::try_from(value).is_err() {
+        return Err(WireValidationError::new(field));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_model_mappings(mappings: &ModelMappings) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+    if mappings.len() > 512 {
+        return Err(WireValidationError::new("modelMappings"));
+    }
+    for (requested, upstream) in mappings {
+        if !valid_model_name(requested, 256) || !valid_model_name(upstream, 256) {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("modelMappings"));
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn domain_model_mappings(
+    mappings: ModelMappings,
+) -> Result<DomainModelMappings, WireValidationError> {
+    mappings
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(requested, upstream)| {
+            Ok((
+                PublicModelId::new(requested)
+                    .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("modelMappings"))?,
+                UpstreamModelId::new(upstream)
+                    .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("modelMappings"))?,
+            ))
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn wire_model_mappings(mappings: DomainModelMappings) -> ModelMappings {
+    mappings
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(requested, upstream)| (requested.to_string(), upstream.to_string()))
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn valid_model_name(value: &str, max_len: usize) -> bool {
+    !value.is_empty()
+        && value.len() <= max_len
+        && !value.bytes().any(|byte| byte.is_ascii_control())
+}
+
+fn map_wire_error(error: WireValidationError) -> AdminError {
+    let message = match error.field() {
+        "settingsRefreshConcurrencyOverflow" => "Invalid refreshConcurrency".to_owned(),
+        "settingsMaxConcurrencyOverflow" => "Invalid maxConcurrentPerAccount".to_owned(),
+        "settingsUsageRetentionOverflow" => "Invalid usageRetentionDays".to_owned(),
+        "settingsOpsRetentionOverflow" => "Invalid opsEventRetentionDays".to_owned(),
+        "settingsAuditRetentionOverflow" => "Invalid auditRetentionDays".to_owned(),
+        field => format!("Invalid field: {field}"),
+    };
+    AdminError::bad_request(message)
+}
+
+fn map_service_error(error: gateway_admin::model::AdminError) -> AdminError {
+    map_admin_service_error(error, "Settings repository unavailable")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+//! 系统管理接口的查询与请求 wire contract。
+//!
+//! 这里不依赖更新服务或进程控制；应用层通过窄端口提供系统操作事实。
+
+use std::convert::Infallible;
+
+use axum::{
+    Json, Router,
+    extract::{Query, State},
+    http::StatusCode,
+    response::{
+        IntoResponse,
+        sse::{Event, KeepAlive, Sse},
+    },
+    routing::{get, post},
+};
+use futures::{Stream, StreamExt};
+use gateway_admin::model::system::{
+    SystemOperationAccepted, SystemOperationKind, SystemOperationState, SystemOperationStatus,
+    SystemUpdateDetail, SystemUpdateEvent, SystemUpdateEventLevel, SystemUpdateStatus,
+    SystemVersion,
+};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use super::{
+    AdminAuth, AdminEnvelope, AdminError, AdminResponse, AdminSessionState,
+    wire::map_admin_service_error,
+};
+
+/// 更新详情查询参数。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct UpdateDetailQuery {
+    refresh: Option<bool>,
+}
+
+impl UpdateDetailQuery {
+    /// 是否强制从发布源刷新。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn refresh(&self) -> bool {
+        self.refresh.unwrap_or(false)
+    }
+}
+
+/// 执行更新请求。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct UpdateRequest {
+    target_version: String,
+}
+
+impl UpdateRequest {
+    /// 取出确认的目标版本原值，由更新领域负责版本规范化和校验。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn into_target_version(self) -> String {
+        self.target_version
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct SystemVersionView {
+    version: String,
+    git_sha: String,
+    build_time: String,
+    deployment_mode: String,
+    deployment_mode_label: String,
+    update_channel: String,
+    latest_version: String,
+    has_update: bool,
+    update_cached: bool,
+    update_warning: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl From<SystemVersion> for SystemVersionView {
+    fn from(version: SystemVersion) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            deployment_mode_label: deployment_mode_label(&version.deployment_mode).to_owned(),
+            version: version.version,
+            git_sha: version.git_sha,
+            build_time: version.build_time,
+            deployment_mode: version.deployment_mode,
+            update_channel: version.update_channel,
+            latest_version: version.latest_version,
+            has_update: version.has_update,
+            update_cached: version.update_cached,
+            update_warning: version.update_warning,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct SystemUpdateDetailView {
+    current_version: String,
+    latest_version: String,
+    has_update: bool,
+    deployment_mode: String,
+    deployment_mode_label: String,
+    build_type: String,
+    build_type_label: String,
+    release_url: Option<String>,
+    notes: Option<String>,
+    cached: bool,
+    update_supported: bool,
+    unsupported_reason: Option<String>,
+    warning: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl From<SystemUpdateDetail> for SystemUpdateDetailView {
+    fn from(detail: SystemUpdateDetail) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            deployment_mode_label: deployment_mode_label(&detail.deployment_mode).to_owned(),
+            build_type_label: build_type_label(&detail.build_type),
+            current_version: detail.current_version,
+            latest_version: detail.latest_version,
+            has_update: detail.has_update,
+            deployment_mode: detail.deployment_mode,
+            build_type: detail.build_type,
+            release_url: detail.release_url,
+            notes: detail.notes,
+            cached: detail.cached,
+            update_supported: detail.update_supported,
+            unsupported_reason: detail.unsupported_reason,
+            warning: detail.warning,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct SystemOperationStateView {
+    operation_id: Option<String>,
+    kind: Option<&'static str>,
+    status: &'static str,
+    target_version: Option<String>,
+    message: Option<String>,
+    error: Option<String>,
+    started_at: Option<String>,
+    finished_at: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl From<SystemOperationState> for SystemOperationStateView {
+    fn from(operation: SystemOperationState) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            operation_id: operation.operation_id,
+            kind: operation.kind.map(operation_kind_name),
+            status: operation_status_name(operation.status),
+            target_version: operation.target_version,
+            message: operation.message,
+            error: operation.error,
+            started_at: operation.started_at.map(|value| value.to_rfc3339()),
+            finished_at: operation.finished_at.map(|value| value.to_rfc3339()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct SystemUpdateStatusView {
+    previous_version: Option<String>,
+    current_version: Option<String>,
+    operation: SystemOperationStateView,
+}
+
+impl From<SystemUpdateStatus> for SystemUpdateStatusView {
+    fn from(status: SystemUpdateStatus) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            previous_version: status.previous_version,
+            current_version: status.current_version,
+            operation: status.operation.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct UpdateAcceptedView {
+    operation_id: String,
+    deployment_mode: String,
+    message: String,
+    need_restart: bool,
+    target_version: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct RollbackAcceptedView {
+    message: String,
+    need_restart: bool,
+    operation_id: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct RestartAcceptedView {
+    message: String,
+    operation_id: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct SystemUpdateEventView {
+    id: String,
+    operation_id: Option<String>,
+    level: &'static str,
+    step: Option<String>,
+    message: String,
+    terminal: bool,
+    progress_percent: Option<u8>,
+    at: String,
+}
+
+/// 构造固定 GET/POST 系统管理路由。
+pub fn router<S>() -> Router<S>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    Router::new()
+        .route("/api/admin/system/version", get(version::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/system/update/detail", get(update_detail::<S>))
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/system/update/events",
+            get(update_event_stream::<S>),
+        )
+        .route("/api/admin/system/update", post(perform_update::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/system/update/status", get(update_status::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/system/rollback", post(rollback::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/system/restart", post(restart::<S>))
+}
+
+async fn version<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let version = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .system()
+        .version()
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_system_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(SystemVersionView::from(version)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn update_detail<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<UpdateDetailQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let detail = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .system()
+        .update_detail(query.refresh())
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_system_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(SystemUpdateDetailView::from(detail)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn update_event_stream<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+) -> Result<Sse<impl Stream<Item = Result<Event, Infallible>>>, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let stream = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .system()
+        .update_events()
+        .map(|message| {
+            let id = message.id.clone();
+            let data = SystemUpdateEventView::from(message).into_json().to_string();
+            Ok(Event::default().event("update").id(id).data(data))
+        });
+    Ok(Sse::new(stream).keep_alive(KeepAlive::default()))
+}
+
+async fn perform_update<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    payload: Option<Json<UpdateRequest>>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .system()
+        .perform_update(payload.map(|Json(value)| value.into_target_version()))
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_system_error)?;
+    let SystemOperationAccepted::Update {
+        operation_id,
+        deployment_mode,
+        message,
+        need_restart,
+        target_version,
+    } = result
+    else {
+        return Err(AdminError::internal("Invalid system update result"));
+    };
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(UpdateAcceptedView {
+            operation_id,
+            deployment_mode,
+            message,
+            need_restart,
+            target_version,
+        }),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn update_status<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let status = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .system()
+        .update_status()
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_system_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(SystemUpdateStatusView::from(status)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn rollback<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .system()
+        .rollback()
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_system_error)?;
+    let SystemOperationAccepted::Rollback {
+        operation_id,
+        message,
+        need_restart,
+    } = result
+    else {
+        return Err(AdminError::internal("Invalid system rollback result"));
+    };
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(RollbackAcceptedView {
+            message,
+            need_restart,
+            operation_id,
+        }),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn restart<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .system()
+        .restart()
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_system_error)?;
+    let SystemOperationAccepted::Restart {
+        operation_id,
+        message,
+    } = result
+    else {
+        return Err(AdminError::internal("Invalid system restart result"));
+    };
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(RestartAcceptedView {
+            message,
+            operation_id,
+        }),
+    ))
+}
+
+impl From<SystemUpdateEvent> for SystemUpdateEventView {
+    fn from(event: SystemUpdateEvent) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: event.id,
+            operation_id: event.operation_id,
+            level: update_event_level_name(event.level),
+            step: event.step,
+            message: event.message,
+            terminal: event.terminal,
+            progress_percent: event.progress_percent,
+            at: event.occurred_at.to_rfc3339(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl SystemUpdateEventView {
+    fn into_json(self) -> serde_json::Value {
+        serde_json::json!({
+            "id": self.id,
+            "operationId": self.operation_id,
+            "level": self.level,
+            "step": self.step,
+            "message": self.message,
+            "terminal": self.terminal,
+            "progressPercent": self.progress_percent,
+            "at": self.at,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+fn deployment_mode_label(mode: &str) -> &'static str {
+    match mode {
+        "docker" => "Docker",
+        "binary" => "二进制",
+        _ => "源码运行",
+    }
+}
+
+fn build_type_label(build_type: &str) -> String {
+    match build_type {
+        "release" => "正式构建",
+        "source" => "源码构建",
+        "dev" => "开发构建",
+        value => value,
+    }
+    .to_owned()
+}
+
+const fn operation_kind_name(kind: SystemOperationKind) -> &'static str {
+    match kind {
+        SystemOperationKind::Update => "update",
+        SystemOperationKind::Rollback => "rollback",
+        SystemOperationKind::Restart => "restart",
+    }
+}
+
+const fn operation_status_name(status: SystemOperationStatus) -> &'static str {
+    match status {
+        SystemOperationStatus::Idle => "idle",
+        SystemOperationStatus::Running => "running",
+        SystemOperationStatus::Succeeded => "succeeded",
+        SystemOperationStatus::Failed => "failed",
+    }
+}
+
+const fn update_event_level_name(level: SystemUpdateEventLevel) -> &'static str {
+    match level {
+        SystemUpdateEventLevel::Info => "info",
+        SystemUpdateEventLevel::Warning => "warning",
+        SystemUpdateEventLevel::Success => "success",
+        SystemUpdateEventLevel::Error => "error",
+    }
+}
+
+fn map_system_error(error: gateway_admin::model::AdminError) -> AdminError {
+    map_admin_service_error(error, "System operation unavailable")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+//! 管理端公共 wire、响应信封与脱敏错误。
+
+use std::fmt;
+
+use axum::{
+    Json,
+    http::StatusCode,
+    response::{IntoResponse, Response},
+};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// 管理端 wire 字段校验错误；只携带稳定字段名，不回显输入值。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct WireValidationError {
+    field: &'static str,
+}
+
+impl WireValidationError {
+    /// 构造字段校验错误。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(field: &'static str) -> Self {
+        Self { field }
+    }
+
+    /// 返回未通过校验的字段名。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn field(self) -> &'static str {
+        self.field
+    }
+}
+
+/// 成功响应的稳定业务码。
+pub const ADMIN_OK_CODE: u32 = 200;
+
+/// 成功响应的稳定消息。
+pub const ADMIN_OK_MESSAGE: &str = "OK";
+
+/// 页码分页元数据。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct PageMeta {
+    page: u32,
+    page_size: u32,
+    total: u64,
+    total_pages: u32,
+}
+
+impl PageMeta {
+    /// 由分页 owner 已经校验并计算的事实构造 wire metadata。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(page: u32, page_size: u32, total: u64, total_pages: u32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            page,
+            page_size,
+            total,
+            total_pages,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 当前页，从 1 开始。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn page(self) -> u32 {
+        self.page
+    }
+
+    /// 每页数量。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn page_size(self) -> u32 {
+        self.page_size
+    }
+
+    /// 全部记录数量。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn total(self) -> u64 {
+        self.total
+    }
+
+    /// 总页数。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn total_pages(self) -> u32 {
+        self.total_pages
+    }
+}
+
+/// 管理端稳定业务错误码。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(transparent)]
+pub struct AdminErrorCode(u32);
+
+impl AdminErrorCode {
+    /// JSON 解析失败。
+    pub const MALFORMED_JSON: Self = Self(40000);
+    /// 请求参数或状态不合法。
+    pub const BAD_REQUEST: Self = Self(40001);
+    /// 时间范围不合法。
+    pub const INVALID_TIME_RANGE: Self = Self(40002);
+    /// 模型来源不合法。
+    pub const INVALID_MODEL_SOURCE: Self = Self(40003);
+    /// 缺少管理员会话。
+    pub const SESSION_REQUIRED: Self = Self(40101);
+    /// 管理员登录凭据错误。
+    pub const INVALID_CREDENTIALS: Self = Self(40102);
+    /// 管理 API Key 错误。
+    pub const INVALID_API_KEY: Self = Self(40103);
+    /// 资源不存在。
+    pub const NOT_FOUND: Self = Self(40401);
+    /// 配置 revision 或资源状态冲突。
+    pub const CONFLICT: Self = Self(40901);
+    /// 管理员登录尝试过多。
+    pub const TOO_MANY_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS: Self = Self(42901);
+    /// 设置持久化失败。
+    pub const SETTINGS_PERSIST: Self = Self(50000);
+    /// 未分类内部错误。
+    pub const INTERNAL: Self = Self(50001);
+    /// 用量记录的账号投影失败。
+    pub const USAGE_RECORD_ACCOUNTS: Self = Self(50002);
+    /// 上游网关失败。
+    pub const BAD_GATEWAY: Self = Self(50201);
+    /// 依赖的服务暂不可用。
+    pub const SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE: Self = Self(50301);
+
+    /// 返回用于 JSON wire contract 的数值。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn value(self) -> u32 {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+/// 管理端错误响应正文。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct AdminErrorBody {
+    code: AdminErrorCode,
+    message: String,
+    data: (),
+}
+
+impl AdminErrorBody {
+    /// 构造不携带业务数据的管理端错误正文。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(code: AdminErrorCode, message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            code,
+            message: message.into(),
+            data: (),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 稳定业务错误码。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn code(&self) -> AdminErrorCode {
+        self.code
+    }
+
+    /// 安全的客户端错误消息。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn message(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.message
+    }
+}
+
+/// 管理端 HTTP 错误。
+pub struct AdminError {
+    status: StatusCode,
+    body: AdminErrorBody,
+}
+
+impl AdminError {
+    fn new(status: StatusCode, code: AdminErrorCode, message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            status,
+            body: AdminErrorBody::new(code, message),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn bad_request(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST,
+            AdminErrorCode::BAD_REQUEST,
+            message,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn admin_session_required() -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED,
+            AdminErrorCode::SESSION_REQUIRED,
+            "Admin session required",
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn invalid_admin_credentials() -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED,
+            AdminErrorCode::INVALID_CREDENTIALS,
+            "Invalid admin credentials",
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn invalid_admin_api_key() -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED,
+            AdminErrorCode::INVALID_API_KEY,
+            "Invalid admin API key",
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn too_many_login_attempts() -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS,
+            AdminErrorCode::TOO_MANY_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS,
+            "Too many admin login attempts",
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn conflict(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(StatusCode::CONFLICT, AdminErrorCode::CONFLICT, message)
+    }
+
+    pub fn not_found(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND, AdminErrorCode::NOT_FOUND, message)
+    }
+
+    pub fn internal(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            AdminErrorCode::INTERNAL,
+            message,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn bad_gateway(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY,
+            AdminErrorCode::BAD_GATEWAY,
+            message,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn service_unavailable(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            AdminErrorCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            message,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// 把管理用例的稳定错误分类映射到既有 HTTP 错误 contract。
+pub(crate) fn map_admin_service_error(
+    error: gateway_admin::model::AdminError,
+    unavailable_message: &'static str,
+) -> AdminError {
+    use gateway_admin::model::AdminErrorKind;
+
+    match error.kind() {
+        AdminErrorKind::Invalid => AdminError::bad_request(error.to_string()),
+        AdminErrorKind::Unauthorized => AdminError::admin_session_required(),
+        AdminErrorKind::NotFound => AdminError::not_found(error.to_string()),
+        AdminErrorKind::Conflict => AdminError::conflict(error.to_string()),
+        AdminErrorKind::RateLimited => AdminError::too_many_login_attempts(),
+        AdminErrorKind::BadGateway => AdminError::bad_gateway(error.to_string()),
+        AdminErrorKind::Unavailable => AdminError::service_unavailable(unavailable_message),
+        AdminErrorKind::Internal => AdminError::internal(error.to_string()),
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoResponse for AdminError {
+    fn into_response(self) -> Response {
+        (self.status, Json(self.body)).into_response()
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for AdminError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str(self.body.message())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 带独立 HTTP 状态的管理端响应。
+pub struct AdminResponse<T: Serialize> {
+    status: StatusCode,
+    body: T,
+}
+
+impl<T: Serialize> AdminResponse<T> {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(status: StatusCode, body: T) -> Self {
+        Self { status, body }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Serialize> IntoResponse for AdminResponse<T> {
+    fn into_response(self) -> Response {
+        (self.status, Json(self.body)).into_response()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 管理端响应信封。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct AdminEnvelope<T> {
+    code: u32,
+    message: String,
+    data: T,
+}
+
+impl<T> AdminEnvelope<T> {
+    /// 构造稳定的成功响应。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn ok(data: T) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            code: ADMIN_OK_CODE,
+            message: ADMIN_OK_MESSAGE.to_owned(),
+            data,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 稳定业务码。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn code(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.code
+    }
+
+    /// 稳定业务消息。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn message(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.message
+    }
+
+    /// 响应数据。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn data(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.data
+    }
+
+    /// 取出响应数据。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn into_data(self) -> T {
+        self.data
+    }
+}
+
+/// 页码分页响应数据。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct AdminPageData<T> {
+    items: Vec<T>,
+    page: PageMeta,
+}
+
+impl<T> AdminPageData<T> {
+    /// 组合查询 owner 返回的当前页数据与分页事实。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(items: Vec<T>, page: PageMeta) -> Self {
+        Self { items, page }
+    }
+
+    /// 当前页记录。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn items(&self) -> &[T] {
+        &self.items
+    }
+
+    /// 分页元数据。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn page(&self) -> PageMeta {
+        self.page
+    }
+
+    /// 拆分分页数据。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn into_parts(self) -> (Vec<T>, PageMeta) {
+        (self.items, self.page)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+//! `/healthz` 对 Core、Store 与 Host worker 健康事实的聚合。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use axum::{extract::State, http::StatusCode};
+use futures::future::join_all;
+use gateway_core::health::{
+    HealthProbe, HealthState, WorkerHealthSnapshot, WorkerHealthSource, WorkerRuntimeState,
+};
+
+use crate::ApiState;
+
+const HEALTH_CHECK_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(2);
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct HealthStatus {
+    probes: Arc<[Arc<dyn HealthProbe>]>,
+    workers: Arc<dyn WorkerHealthSource>,
+}
+
+impl HealthStatus {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        probes: Vec<Arc<dyn HealthProbe>>,
+        workers: Arc<dyn WorkerHealthSource>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            probes: probes.into(),
+            workers,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn healthy(&self) -> bool {
+        if !self.workers.snapshot().iter().all(worker_is_healthy) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let checks = self.probes.iter().map(|probe| probe.check());
+        tokio::time::timeout(HEALTH_CHECK_TIMEOUT, join_all(checks))
+            .await
+            .is_ok_and(|states| {
+                states
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .all(|state| matches!(state, HealthState::Healthy))
+            })
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn healthz(State(state): State<ApiState>) -> StatusCode {
+    if state.health().healthy().await {
+        StatusCode::NO_CONTENT
+    } else {
+        StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
+    }
+}
+
+fn worker_is_healthy(worker: &WorkerHealthSnapshot) -> bool {
+    match worker.state {
+        WorkerRuntimeState::Disabled | WorkerRuntimeState::Standby => true,
+        WorkerRuntimeState::Running => worker.consecutive_failures == 0,
+        WorkerRuntimeState::AcquiringLease | WorkerRuntimeState::Idle => {
+            worker.consecutive_failures == 0 && worker.last_success_at.is_some()
+        }
+        WorkerRuntimeState::Starting
+        | WorkerRuntimeState::BackingOff
+        | WorkerRuntimeState::Stopped => false,
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+//! 客户端与管理端 HTTP 协议 adapter。
+//!
+//! 本 crate 只负责请求解码、Core/Admin 调用和 HTTP/WS/SSE delivery。
+
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::str::FromStr as _;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use axum::Router;
+use axum::http::{HeaderName, HeaderValue, Method, Request, StatusCode};
+use axum::routing::get;
+use gateway_admin::AdminServices;
+use gateway_core::engine::execution::ExecutionService;
+use gateway_core::health::{HealthProbe, WorkerHealthSource};
+use gateway_core::lifecycle::ConnectionLifecycle;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use tower_http::cors::CorsLayer;
+use tower_http::request_id::{MakeRequestUuid, PropagateRequestIdLayer, SetRequestIdLayer};
+use tower_http::services::{ServeDir, ServeFile};
+use tower_http::timeout::TimeoutLayer;
+use tower_http::trace::TraceLayer;
+use url::Url;
+
+const WEB_DIST_ENV: &str = "CPR_WEB_DIST_DIR";
+
+use crate::health::HealthStatus;
+use crate::openai::service::OpenAiService;
+
+pub mod admin;
+mod health;
+pub mod openai;
+
+/// API-owned HTTP 与静态资源配置。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct ApiConfig {
+    pub asset_directory: PathBuf,
+    pub cors_allowed_origins: Vec<String>,
+    pub request_timeout_seconds: Option<u64>,
+    pub request_id_header: String,
+}
+
+impl ApiConfig {
+    /// 解析静态资源相对路径并校验全部 HTTP 配置。
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// 路径为空、origin/header 非法或 timeout 为零时返回脱敏错误。
+    pub fn resolve_and_validate(&mut self, source_dir: &Path) -> Result<(), ApiConfigError> {
+        match std::env::var(WEB_DIST_ENV) {
+            Ok(value) if value.trim().is_empty() => {
+                return Err(ApiConfigError::InvalidAssetDirectory);
+            }
+            Ok(value) => self.asset_directory = PathBuf::from(value),
+            Err(std::env::VarError::NotPresent) => {}
+            Err(std::env::VarError::NotUnicode(_)) => {
+                return Err(ApiConfigError::InvalidAssetDirectory);
+            }
+        }
+        if self.asset_directory.as_os_str().is_empty() {
+            return Err(ApiConfigError::InvalidAssetDirectory);
+        }
+        if self.asset_directory.is_relative() {
+            self.asset_directory = source_dir.join(&self.asset_directory);
+        }
+        if self.request_timeout_seconds == Some(0) {
+            return Err(ApiConfigError::InvalidRequestTimeout);
+        }
+        let header = HeaderName::from_str(&self.request_id_header)
+            .map_err(|_| ApiConfigError::InvalidRequestIdHeader)?;
+        self.request_id_header = header.as_str().to_owned();
+
+        let mut origins = Vec::with_capacity(self.cors_allowed_origins.len());
+        let mut unique = BTreeSet::new();
+        for origin in &self.cors_allowed_origins {
+            let origin = validate_origin(origin)?;
+            if !unique.insert(origin.clone()) {
+                return Err(ApiConfigError::DuplicateCorsOrigin);
+            }
+            origins.push(origin);
+        }
+        self.cors_allowed_origins = origins;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// API 配置非法的稳定分类。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum ApiConfigError {
+    #[error("API asset directory is invalid")]
+    InvalidAssetDirectory,
+    #[error("API CORS origin is invalid")]
+    InvalidCorsOrigin,
+    #[error("API CORS origin is duplicated")]
+    DuplicateCorsOrigin,
+    #[error("API request timeout is invalid")]
+    InvalidRequestTimeout,
+    #[error("API request ID header is invalid")]
+    InvalidRequestIdHeader,
+}
+
+/// 完成组装的唯一 API router。
+pub struct ApiBundle {
+    router: Router,
+}
+
+impl ApiBundle {
+    pub fn router(self) -> Router {
+        self.router
+    }
+}
+
+/// 组装客户端、管理端、健康检查和静态资源路由。
+pub fn initialize(
+    mut config: ApiConfig,
+    execution: Arc<dyn ExecutionService>,
+    admin: AdminServices,
+    probes: Vec<Arc<dyn HealthProbe>>,
+    worker_health: Arc<dyn WorkerHealthSource>,
+    lifecycle: Arc<dyn ConnectionLifecycle>,
+) -> Result<ApiBundle, ApiError> {
+    config
+        .resolve_and_validate(Path::new("."))
+        .map_err(ApiError::Config)?;
+    let request_id_header = HeaderName::from_str(&config.request_id_header)
+        .map_err(|_| ApiError::Config(ApiConfigError::InvalidRequestIdHeader))?;
+    let state = ApiState {
+        admin,
+        openai: OpenAiService::new(execution, lifecycle),
+        health: HealthStatus::new(probes, worker_health),
+    };
+    let index = config.asset_directory.join("index.html");
+    let mut router = Router::new()
+        .route("/healthz", get(health::healthz))
+        .merge(openai::router::router())
+        .merge(admin::router::<ApiState>())
+        .fallback_service(ServeDir::new(config.asset_directory).fallback(ServeFile::new(index)));
+    if !config.cors_allowed_origins.is_empty() {
+        let origins = config
+            .cors_allowed_origins
+            .iter()
+            .map(|origin| {
+                HeaderValue::from_str(origin)
+                    .map_err(|_| ApiError::Config(ApiConfigError::InvalidCorsOrigin))
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+        // credentials 模式禁止通配 allow_headers；显式列出鉴权与内容协商头。
+        router = router.layer(
+            CorsLayer::new()
+                .allow_origin(origins)
+                .allow_methods([Method::GET, Method::POST])
+                .allow_headers([
+                    axum::http::header::AUTHORIZATION,
+                    axum::http::header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+                    HeaderName::from_static("x-api-key"),
+                    request_id_header.clone(),
+                ])
+                .allow_credentials(true),
+        );
+    }
+    if let Some(seconds) = config.request_timeout_seconds {
+        router = router.layer(TimeoutLayer::with_status_code(
+            StatusCode::REQUEST_TIMEOUT,
+            Duration::from_secs(seconds),
+        ));
+    }
+    // Trace 必须在 SetRequestId 内侧，span 才能捕获本服务生成的 request_id；
+    // 默认 DEBUG span 会被 info 日志过滤器丢弃，这里显式用 info_span。
+    let trace_layer = TraceLayer::new_for_http().make_span_with({
+        let request_id_header = request_id_header.clone();
+        move |request: &Request<_>| {
+            let request_id = request
+                .headers()
+                .get(&request_id_header)
+                .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+            tracing::info_span!(
+                "request",
+                request_id = %request_id,
+                method = %request.method().as_str(),
+                uri = %request
+                    .uri()
+                    .path_and_query()
+                    .map(axum::http::uri::PathAndQuery::as_str)
+                    .unwrap_or_default(),
+            )
+        }
+    });
+    let router = router
+        .layer(PropagateRequestIdLayer::new(request_id_header.clone()))
+        .layer(trace_layer)
+        .layer(SetRequestIdLayer::new(request_id_header, MakeRequestUuid))
+        .with_state(state);
+    Ok(ApiBundle { router })
+}
+
+/// API 初始化失败的脱敏分类。
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum ApiError {
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Config(ApiConfigError),
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct ApiState {
+    admin: AdminServices,
+    openai: OpenAiService,
+    health: HealthStatus,
+}
+
+impl ApiState {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) const fn openai(&self) -> &OpenAiService {
+        &self.openai
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) const fn health(&self) -> &HealthStatus {
+        &self.health
+    }
+}
+
+impl admin::AdminSessionState for ApiState {
+    fn admin_services(&self) -> &AdminServices {
+        &self.admin
+    }
+}
+
+fn validate_origin(raw: &str) -> Result<String, ApiConfigError> {
+    let url = Url::parse(raw).map_err(|_| ApiConfigError::InvalidCorsOrigin)?;
+    if !matches!(url.scheme(), "http" | "https")
+        || url.host_str().is_none()
+        || !url.username().is_empty()
+        || url.password().is_some()
+        || url.path() != "/"
+        || url.query().is_some()
+        || url.fragment().is_some()
+    {
+        return Err(ApiConfigError::InvalidCorsOrigin);
+    }
+    let origin = url.origin().ascii_serialization();
+    HeaderValue::from_str(&origin).map_err(|_| ApiConfigError::InvalidCorsOrigin)?;
+    Ok(origin)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+//! OpenAI 客户端协议的 Bearer API key 认证。
+
+use axum::{
+    http::{HeaderMap, header::AUTHORIZATION},
+    response::{IntoResponse, Response},
+};
+use gateway_core::engine::execution::AuthenticatedClient;
+
+use super::{
+    error::{missing_client_api_key_response, runtime_unavailable_response},
+    service::OpenAiService,
+};
+
+/// Client API key 鉴权失败原因。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ClientApiKeyAuthError {
+    /// 缺失 Authorization 头。
+    MissingAuthorization,
+    /// Authorization 头不是合法的 Bearer token。
+    MalformedAuthorization,
+    /// Bearer token 不是 client API key 格式。
+    InvalidKeyFormat,
+    /// Key 不存在、已禁用或 wire 格式无效。
+    InvalidKey,
+    /// RuntimeSnapshot 一致性保护暂停接收新请求。
+    RuntimeUnavailable,
+}
+
+impl ClientApiKeyAuthError {
+    /// 返回可用于日志和指标的稳定失败原因。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn reason(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::MissingAuthorization => "missing_authorization",
+            Self::MalformedAuthorization => "malformed_authorization",
+            Self::InvalidKeyFormat => "invalid_key_format",
+            Self::InvalidKey => "invalid_key",
+            Self::RuntimeUnavailable => "runtime_unavailable",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 从请求头提取 Bearer Client API key。
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Header 缺失、Bearer 语法错误或不是网关 Client Key 前缀时返回稳定错误。
+pub fn bearer_client_api_key(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Result<&str, ClientApiKeyAuthError> {
+    let raw = headers
+        .get(AUTHORIZATION)
+        .ok_or(ClientApiKeyAuthError::MissingAuthorization)?
+        .to_str()
+        .map_err(|_| ClientApiKeyAuthError::MalformedAuthorization)?;
+    let token = raw
+        .strip_prefix("Bearer ")
+        .ok_or(ClientApiKeyAuthError::MalformedAuthorization)?
+        .trim();
+    if token.is_empty() {
+        return Err(ClientApiKeyAuthError::MalformedAuthorization);
+    }
+    if !token.starts_with("sk_") {
+        return Err(ClientApiKeyAuthError::InvalidKeyFormat);
+    }
+    Ok(token)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn authenticate_client(
+    service: &OpenAiService,
+    headers: &HeaderMap,
+) -> Result<AuthenticatedClient, ClientApiKeyAuthError> {
+    bearer_client_api_key(headers).and_then(|key| service.authenticate(key))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn authentication_error_response(error: ClientApiKeyAuthError) -> Response {
+    log_client_api_key_auth_failure(error);
+    if error == ClientApiKeyAuthError::RuntimeUnavailable {
+        runtime_unavailable_response().into_response()
+    } else {
+        missing_client_api_key_response().into_response()
+    }
+}
+
+fn log_client_api_key_auth_failure(error: ClientApiKeyAuthError) {
+    match error {
+        ClientApiKeyAuthError::RuntimeUnavailable => {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                auth_failure = error.reason(),
+                "Client API key authorization failed"
+            );
+        }
+        _ => {
+            tracing::info!(
+                auth_failure = error.reason(),
+                "Client API key authorization failed"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+//! OpenAI 客户端协议的稳定错误响应。
+
+use axum::{
+    Json,
+    body::Body,
+    http::{HeaderName, HeaderValue, StatusCode, header::CONTENT_TYPE},
+    response::{IntoResponse, Response},
+};
+use gateway_core::{
+    engine::EngineError,
+    error::{GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind},
+};
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+
+use super::responses::ProtocolErrorBody;
+
+/// OpenAI 风格错误响应。
+pub fn openai_error_response(
+    status: StatusCode,
+    message: &str,
+    error_type: &str,
+    code: &str,
+) -> (StatusCode, Json<Value>) {
+    (
+        status,
+        Json(json!({
+            "error": {
+                "message": message,
+                "type": error_type,
+                "code": code
+            }
+        })),
+    )
+}
+
+/// 严格协议 decoder/encoder 返回的安全错误 body。
+pub fn protocol_error_response(status: StatusCode, body: ProtocolErrorBody) -> Response {
+    (status, Json(body.into_value())).into_response()
+}
+
+/// 下游 Client API Key 无效。
+pub fn missing_client_api_key_response() -> (StatusCode, Json<Value>) {
+    openai_error_response(
+        StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED,
+        "Missing or invalid API key",
+        "invalid_request_error",
+        "invalid_api_key",
+    )
+}
+
+/// RuntimeSnapshot 当前不允许接收新的配置依赖请求。
+pub fn runtime_unavailable_response() -> (StatusCode, Json<Value>) {
+    openai_error_response(
+        StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+        "Gateway runtime configuration is temporarily unavailable",
+        "server_error",
+        "runtime_configuration_unavailable",
+    )
+}
+
+/// 对外模型不存在。
+pub fn model_not_found_response() -> (StatusCode, Json<Value>) {
+    openai_error_response(
+        StatusCode::NOT_FOUND,
+        "The requested model does not exist or is not available",
+        "invalid_request_error",
+        "model_not_found",
+    )
+}
+
+/// 将 core Engine 错误收敛为稳定 Gateway 分类。
+#[must_use]
+pub fn gateway_error_from_engine(error: &EngineError) -> GatewayError {
+    match error {
+        EngineError::Provider(error) => GatewayError::from_provider(error),
+        EngineError::Cancelled => {
+            GatewayError::new(GatewayErrorKind::Cancelled, "request was cancelled")
+        }
+        EngineError::Deadline => {
+            GatewayError::new(GatewayErrorKind::Timeout, "gateway request timed out")
+        }
+        EngineError::ProviderNotRegistered { .. } | EngineError::EmptyRoutingPlan => {
+            GatewayError::new(
+                GatewayErrorKind::NoAvailableProvider,
+                "no upstream provider is currently available for this request",
+            )
+        }
+        EngineError::Store(_)
+        | EngineError::ProviderMetadataMismatch
+        | EngineError::ContinuationPinMismatch
+        | EngineError::RequiredAccountMismatch
+        | EngineError::AccountOutsideClientScope
+        | EngineError::DownstreamCommitRequired
+        | EngineError::NoActiveAttempt
+        | EngineError::InvalidDeliveryState => {
+            GatewayError::new(GatewayErrorKind::Internal, "gateway execution failed")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Gateway 错误的 OpenAI HTTP 表达。
+pub fn gateway_error_response(error: &GatewayError) -> Response {
+    let (status, default_type, default_code) = gateway_error_contract(error.kind());
+    openai_error_response(
+        status,
+        error.client_message(),
+        error.client_error_type().unwrap_or(default_type),
+        error.client_error_code().unwrap_or(default_code),
+    )
+    .into_response()
+}
+
+/// 在下游尚未提交时优先交付 Provider 的原始 HTTP 失败响应。
+pub fn engine_error_response(error: &EngineError) -> Response {
+    if let EngineError::Provider(error) = error
+        && let Some(upstream) = error.client_visible_upstream_response()
+        && let Ok(status) = StatusCode::from_u16(upstream.status())
+    {
+        let mut response = Response::new(Body::from(upstream.body().clone()));
+        *response.status_mut() = status;
+        if let Some(content_type) = upstream.content_type()
+            && let Ok(content_type) = HeaderValue::from_bytes(content_type)
+        {
+            response.headers_mut().insert(CONTENT_TYPE, content_type);
+        }
+        for header in upstream.headers() {
+            let Ok(name) = HeaderName::from_bytes(header.name().as_bytes()) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            let Ok(value) = HeaderValue::from_bytes(header.value()) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            response.headers_mut().append(name, value);
+        }
+        return response;
+    }
+    gateway_error_response(&gateway_error_from_engine(error))
+}
+
+/// Gateway 错误稳定映射，供 HTTP、SSE 和 WebSocket 共用。
+#[must_use]
+pub const fn gateway_error_contract(
+    kind: GatewayErrorKind,
+) -> (StatusCode, &'static str, &'static str) {
+    match kind {
+        GatewayErrorKind::InvalidRequest => (
+            StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST,
+            "invalid_request_error",
+            "invalid_request",
+        ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::Unsupported => (
+            StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST,
+            "invalid_request_error",
+            "unsupported_capability",
+        ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::Unauthorized => (
+            StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED,
+            "invalid_request_error",
+            "invalid_api_key",
+        ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::PolicyDenied => (
+            StatusCode::FORBIDDEN,
+            "invalid_request_error",
+            "policy_denied",
+        ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::ModelNotFound => (
+            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND,
+            "invalid_request_error",
+            "model_not_found",
+        ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::NoAvailableProvider => (
+            StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            "server_error",
+            "no_available_provider",
+        ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::AccountCapacityUnavailable => (
+            StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            "server_error",
+            "account_capacity_unavailable",
+        ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable => (
+            StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            "server_error",
+            "provider_infrastructure_unavailable",
+        ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::RateLimited => (
+            StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS,
+            "rate_limit_error",
+            "rate_limit_exceeded",
+        ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::UpstreamUnavailable => (
+            StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY,
+            "server_error",
+            "upstream_unavailable",
+        ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::Timeout => (
+            StatusCode::GATEWAY_TIMEOUT,
+            "server_error",
+            "request_timeout",
+        ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::Cancelled => (
+            StatusCode::REQUEST_TIMEOUT,
+            "server_error",
+            "request_cancelled",
+        ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::Internal => (
+            StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            "server_error",
+            "internal_error",
+        ),
+        _ => (
+            StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            "server_error",
+            "internal_error",
+        ),
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//! OpenAI 客户端协议 adapter。
+
+pub mod auth;
+pub mod error;
+pub mod models;
+pub mod responses;
+pub mod router;
+pub(crate) mod service;
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+//! OpenAI 模型目录 HTTP adapter。
+
+use axum::{
+    Json,
+    extract::{Path, Query, State},
+    http::{HeaderMap, StatusCode},
+    response::{IntoResponse, Response},
+};
+use gateway_core::routing::{PublicModelId, PublicModelProfile};
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+
+use crate::ApiState;
+
+use super::{
+    auth::{authenticate_client, authentication_error_response},
+    error::model_not_found_response,
+};
+
+const MODEL_CREATED_TIMESTAMP: i64 = 1_700_000_000;
+const CODEX_BASE_INSTRUCTIONS: &str = "You are Codex, a coding agent. Follow the user's instructions and use the available tools to complete software engineering tasks. Inspect relevant files before editing, preserve unrelated changes, and verify the result.";
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub(crate) struct ModelsQuery {
+    client_version: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// `GET /v1/models`。Codex 携带 `client_version` 时返回其专用目录合同。
+pub(crate) async fn models(
+    State(state): State<ApiState>,
+    Query(query): Query<ModelsQuery>,
+    headers: HeaderMap,
+) -> Response {
+    let service = state.openai();
+    let client = match authenticate_client(service, &headers) {
+        Ok(client) => client,
+        Err(error) => return authentication_error_response(error),
+    };
+
+    if query
+        .client_version
+        .as_deref()
+        .is_some_and(|version| !version.trim().is_empty())
+    {
+        let models = service
+            .public_model_profiles(&client)
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(index, profile)| codex_model_json(profile, index))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        return (
+            StatusCode::OK,
+            Json(json!({
+                "models": models,
+            })),
+        )
+            .into_response();
+    }
+
+    let data = service
+        .public_models(&client)
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|model| openai_model_json(&model))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    (
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        Json(json!({
+            "object": "list",
+            "data": data,
+        })),
+    )
+        .into_response()
+}
+
+/// `GET /v1/models/{model_id}`。
+pub(crate) async fn model_detail(
+    State(state): State<ApiState>,
+    headers: HeaderMap,
+    Path(model_id): Path<String>,
+) -> Response {
+    let service = state.openai();
+    let client = match authenticate_client(service, &headers) {
+        Ok(client) => client,
+        Err(error) => return authentication_error_response(error),
+    };
+    let Ok(public_model) = PublicModelId::new(model_id) else {
+        return model_not_found_response().into_response();
+    };
+    if !service.contains_public_model(&client, &public_model) {
+        return model_not_found_response().into_response();
+    }
+
+    (
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        Json(openai_model_json(public_model.as_str())),
+    )
+        .into_response()
+}
+
+/// `GET /v1/models/catalog`。
+///
+/// 新架构的目录由 core 按客户端 Provider 范围裁剪；这里不读取或重建任一
+/// Provider 的 wire catalog，只恢复 Codex 客户端依赖的稳定展示合同。
+pub(crate) async fn model_catalog(State(state): State<ApiState>, headers: HeaderMap) -> Response {
+    let service = state.openai();
+    let client = match authenticate_client(service, &headers) {
+        Ok(client) => client,
+        Err(error) => return authentication_error_response(error),
+    };
+    let models = service
+        .public_models(&client)
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|model| catalog_model_json(model.as_str()))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    (StatusCode::OK, Json(models)).into_response()
+}
+
+/// `GET /v1/models/{model_id}/info`。
+pub(crate) async fn model_info(
+    State(state): State<ApiState>,
+    headers: HeaderMap,
+    Path(model_id): Path<String>,
+) -> Response {
+    let service = state.openai();
+    let client = match authenticate_client(service, &headers) {
+        Ok(client) => client,
+        Err(error) => return authentication_error_response(error),
+    };
+    let Ok(public_model) = PublicModelId::new(model_id) else {
+        return model_not_found_response().into_response();
+    };
+    if !service.contains_public_model(&client, &public_model) {
+        return model_not_found_response().into_response();
+    }
+
+    (
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        Json(catalog_model_json(public_model.as_str())),
+    )
+        .into_response()
+}
+
+fn openai_model_json(id: &str) -> Value {
+    json!({
+        "id": id,
+        "object": "model",
+        "created": MODEL_CREATED_TIMESTAMP,
+        "owned_by": "gateway",
+    })
+}
+
+fn catalog_model_json(id: &str) -> Value {
+    json!({
+        "id": id,
+        "displayName": id,
+        "description": "",
+        "isDefault": false,
+        "supportedReasoningEfforts": [],
+        "defaultReasoningEffort": "",
+        "inputModalities": ["text"],
+        "outputModalities": ["text"],
+        "supportsPersonality": false,
+        "upgrade": Value::Null,
+        "source": "gateway",
+    })
+}
+
+fn codex_model_json(profile: &PublicModelProfile, index: usize) -> Value {
+    let id = profile.model().as_str();
+    let presentation = profile.presentation();
+    let reasoning_levels = presentation
+        .supported_reasoning_efforts()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|effort| {
+            json!({
+                "effort": effort,
+                "description": reasoning_effort_description(effort),
+            })
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let reasoning_supported = presentation
+        .supported_reasoning_efforts()
+        .iter()
+        .any(|effort| effort != "none");
+    let context_window = presentation.context_window_tokens();
+    let input_modalities = if presentation.image_input() {
+        vec!["text", "image"]
+    } else {
+        vec!["text"]
+    };
+    let additional_speed_tiers = presentation
+        .service_tiers()
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|tier| tier.speed_tier())
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let service_tiers = presentation
+        .service_tiers()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|tier| {
+            json!({
+                "id": tier.id(),
+                "name": tier.name(),
+                "description": tier.description(),
+            })
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    json!({
+        "slug": id,
+        "display_name": presentation.display_name().unwrap_or(id),
+        "description": presentation.description(),
+        "default_reasoning_level": presentation.default_reasoning_effort(),
+        "supported_reasoning_levels": reasoning_levels,
+        "shell_type": "shell_command",
+        "visibility": if presentation.hidden() { "hide" } else { "list" },
+        "supported_in_api": true,
+        "priority": index.saturating_add(1),
+        "additional_speed_tiers": additional_speed_tiers,
+        "service_tiers": service_tiers,
+        "availability_nux": Value::Null,
+        "upgrade": Value::Null,
+        "base_instructions": CODEX_BASE_INSTRUCTIONS,
+        "model_messages": Value::Null,
+        "include_skills_usage_instructions": false,
+        "supports_reasoning_summary_parameter": reasoning_supported,
+        "default_reasoning_summary": "auto",
+        "support_verbosity": presentation.verbosity(),
+        "default_verbosity": Value::Null,
+        "apply_patch_tool_type": presentation.agent_tools().then_some("freeform"),
+        "web_search_tool_type": "text",
+        "truncation_policy": { "mode": "tokens", "limit": 10_000 },
+        "supports_parallel_tool_calls": presentation.parallel_tool_calls(),
+        "supports_image_detail_original": presentation.image_detail_original(),
+        "context_window": context_window,
+        "max_context_window": context_window,
+        "effective_context_window_percent": 95,
+        "experimental_supported_tools": [],
+        "input_modalities": input_modalities,
+        "supports_search_tool": presentation.search_tool(),
+        "use_responses_lite": false,
+    })
+}
+
+fn reasoning_effort_description(effort: &str) -> &'static str {
+    match effort {
+        "none" => "No reasoning",
+        "minimal" => "Minimal reasoning",
+        "low" => "Fast responses with lighter reasoning",
+        "medium" => "Balances speed and reasoning depth for everyday tasks",
+        "high" => "Greater reasoning depth for complex problems",
+        "xhigh" => "Extra high reasoning depth for complex problems",
+        "max" => "Maximum reasoning depth for the hardest problems",
+        _ => "Provider-supported reasoning level",
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+//! OpenAI Responses adapter 的稳定错误 contract。
+
+use serde::Serialize;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+/// OpenAI 风格的协议错误 JSON。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+pub struct ProtocolErrorBody {
+    /// 错误对象。
+    pub error: ProtocolError,
+}
+
+/// 不包含请求正文或 prompt 的错误对象。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+pub struct ProtocolError {
+    /// OpenAI 错误类别。
+    #[serde(rename = "type")]
+    pub kind: &'static str,
+    /// 稳定机器码。
+    pub code: &'static str,
+    /// 安全的可读信息。
+    pub message: String,
+    /// 出错字段；不包含字段值。
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub param: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl ProtocolErrorBody {
+    /// 序列化为 JSON value。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn into_value(self) -> Value {
+        serde_json::json!({ "error": self.error })
+    }
+}
+
+/// Responses 请求解码错误。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Error)]
+pub enum RequestDecodeError {
+    /// 请求不是合法 JSON。
+    #[error("request body must be valid JSON")]
+    MalformedJson,
+    /// 顶层不是 object。
+    #[error("request body must be a JSON object")]
+    ExpectedObject,
+    /// 缺少必填字段。
+    #[error("required field `{field}` is missing")]
+    MissingField {
+        /// 字段路径。
+        field: String,
+    },
+    /// 字段类型错误。
+    #[error("field `{field}` has an invalid type; expected {expected}")]
+    InvalidType {
+        /// 字段路径。
+        field: String,
+        /// 安全的期望类型。
+        expected: &'static str,
+    },
+    /// 字段为空。
+    #[error("field `{field}` must not be empty")]
+    EmptyField {
+        /// 字段路径。
+        field: String,
+    },
+    /// 字段值不满足稳定约束。
+    #[error("field `{field}` has an invalid value")]
+    InvalidValue {
+        /// 字段路径；不保存原始值。
+        field: String,
+    },
+    /// 未知字段。
+    #[error("unknown field `{field}`")]
+    UnknownField {
+        /// 字段路径；不保存字段值。
+        field: String,
+    },
+    /// 已知但尚未实现的语义。
+    #[error("field `{field}` is not supported by this gateway")]
+    UnsupportedField {
+        /// 字段路径。
+        field: String,
+    },
+    /// Core operation 拒绝规范化后的字段。
+    #[error("field `{field}` violates the canonical operation contract")]
+    CanonicalContract {
+        /// 字段路径。
+        field: String,
+    },
+}
+
+impl RequestDecodeError {
+    /// 转换为 OpenAI 风格且不泄露正文的错误 payload。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn protocol_body(&self) -> ProtocolErrorBody {
+        let (code, message, param) = match self {
+            Self::MalformedJson => (
+                "invalid_json",
+                "Request body must be valid JSON.".to_owned(),
+                None,
+            ),
+            Self::ExpectedObject => (
+                "invalid_request_body",
+                "Request body must be a JSON object.".to_owned(),
+                None,
+            ),
+            Self::MissingField { field } => (
+                "missing_required_parameter",
+                format!("Required parameter `{field}` is missing."),
+                Some(field.clone()),
+            ),
+            Self::InvalidType { field, expected } => (
+                "invalid_type",
+                format!("Parameter `{field}` must be {expected}."),
+                Some(field.clone()),
+            ),
+            Self::EmptyField { field } => (
+                "invalid_value",
+                format!("Parameter `{field}` must not be empty."),
+                Some(field.clone()),
+            ),
+            Self::InvalidValue { field } | Self::CanonicalContract { field } => (
+                "invalid_value",
+                format!("Parameter `{field}` has an invalid value."),
+                Some(field.clone()),
+            ),
+            Self::UnknownField { field } => (
+                "unknown_parameter",
+                format!("Unknown parameter `{field}`."),
+                Some(field.clone()),
+            ),
+            Self::UnsupportedField { field } => (
+                "unsupported_parameter",
+                format!("Parameter `{field}` is not supported by this gateway."),
+                Some(field.clone()),
+            ),
+        };
+        ProtocolErrorBody {
+            error: ProtocolError {
+                kind: "invalid_request_error",
+                code,
+                message,
+                param,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// OpenAI Responses 原生 wire 转发错误。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Error)]
+pub enum ResponseEncodeError {
+    /// 协议原生流缺少可返回的终态 response object。
+    #[error("responses wire stream has no terminal response")]
+    MissingWireTerminal,
+    /// 终态 response object 无法序列化为完整 HTTP JSON 响应。
+    #[error("responses wire terminal serialization failed")]
+    Serialization,
+}
+
+impl ResponseEncodeError {
+    /// 转换为不包含生成内容的 OpenAI 风格错误 payload。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn protocol_body(&self) -> ProtocolErrorBody {
+        ProtocolErrorBody {
+            error: ProtocolError {
+                kind: "server_error",
+                code: "invalid_upstream_response",
+                message: "The gateway could not forward the upstream response.".to_owned(),
+                param: None,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,614 @@
+//! OpenAI Responses HTTP 与 SSE adapter。
+
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::convert::Infallible;
+use std::net::{IpAddr, SocketAddr};
+
+use axum::{
+    body::{Body, Bytes},
+    extract::{Extension, State, connect_info::ConnectInfo},
+    http::{
+        HeaderMap, HeaderName, HeaderValue, StatusCode,
+        header::{CACHE_CONTROL, CONTENT_TYPE, USER_AGENT},
+    },
+    response::{IntoResponse, Response},
+};
+use futures::stream;
+use gateway_core::engine::CommitRequirement;
+use gateway_core::engine::execution::{ClientTransport, ExecutionSession, StartedExecution};
+use gateway_core::error::{GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind};
+use gateway_core::event::{ProviderEvent, ProviderResponseHeader};
+use gateway_core::lifecycle::ConnectionGuard;
+use gateway_protocol::openai::sse::{DONE_SSE_FRAME, response_failed_sse_event_with_id};
+
+use crate::ApiState;
+use crate::openai::{
+    auth::{authenticate_client, authentication_error_response},
+    error::{
+        engine_error_response, gateway_error_contract, gateway_error_from_engine,
+        gateway_error_response, protocol_error_response, runtime_unavailable_response,
+    },
+};
+
+use super::{
+    OpenAiResponsesEncoder, ProtocolErrorBody, ResponseEncodeError,
+    request::{decode_request_with_headers, decode_review_request_with_headers},
+};
+
+/// `POST /v1/responses`。
+pub(crate) async fn responses(
+    State(state): State<ApiState>,
+    connect_info: Option<Extension<ConnectInfo<SocketAddr>>>,
+    headers: HeaderMap,
+    body: Bytes,
+) -> Response {
+    handle_responses(state, connect_info, headers, body, false).await
+}
+
+/// `POST /v1/responses/review`。
+pub(crate) async fn review_responses(
+    State(state): State<ApiState>,
+    connect_info: Option<Extension<ConnectInfo<SocketAddr>>>,
+    headers: HeaderMap,
+    body: Bytes,
+) -> Response {
+    handle_responses(state, connect_info, headers, body, true).await
+}
+
+async fn handle_responses(
+    state: ApiState,
+    connect_info: Option<Extension<ConnectInfo<SocketAddr>>>,
+    headers: HeaderMap,
+    body: Bytes,
+    review: bool,
+) -> Response {
+    let service = state.openai();
+    let client = match authenticate_client(service, &headers) {
+        Ok(client) => client,
+        Err(error) => return authentication_error_response(error),
+    };
+    let decoded = match if review {
+        decode_review_request_with_headers(&body, &headers)
+    } else {
+        decode_request_with_headers(&body, &headers)
+    } {
+        Ok(decoded) => decoded,
+        Err(error) => {
+            return protocol_error_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, error.protocol_body());
+        }
+    };
+    let (client_ip, user_agent) = request_client_context(
+        &headers,
+        connect_info.map(|Extension(ConnectInfo(address))| address),
+    );
+    let decoded = decoded.with_client_context(client_ip, user_agent);
+    let streaming = decoded.metadata().stream();
+    let connection_guard = if streaming {
+        match service.try_register_connection() {
+            Ok(guard) => Some(guard),
+            Err(_) => return runtime_unavailable_response().into_response(),
+        }
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+    let started = match service
+        .start_response(
+            client,
+            decoded,
+            if streaming {
+                ClientTransport::HttpSse
+            } else {
+                ClientTransport::HttpJson
+            },
+            if review {
+                "/v1/responses/review"
+            } else {
+                "/v1/responses"
+            },
+        )
+        .await
+    {
+        Ok(started) => started,
+        Err(error) => return gateway_error_response(&error),
+    };
+    let StartedExecution {
+        stream, session, ..
+    } = started;
+    if stream {
+        stream_execution_response(session, connection_guard).await
+    } else {
+        drop(connection_guard);
+        collect_execution_response(session).await
+    }
+}
+
+/// 从 socket 与标准转发头提取旧 Usage 页面使用的诊断事实。
+pub(super) fn request_client_context(
+    headers: &HeaderMap,
+    peer_address: Option<SocketAddr>,
+) -> (Option<IpAddr>, Option<String>) {
+    let client_ip = ["cf-connecting-ip", "x-real-ip"]
+        .into_iter()
+        .find_map(|name| header_ip(headers, name))
+        .or_else(|| forwarded_client_ip(headers))
+        .or_else(|| peer_address.map(|address| address.ip()));
+    let user_agent = headers
+        .get(USER_AGENT)
+        .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
+        .map(str::trim)
+        .filter(|value| !value.is_empty())
+        .map(ToOwned::to_owned);
+    (client_ip, user_agent)
+}
+
+fn header_ip(headers: &HeaderMap, name: &str) -> Option<IpAddr> {
+    headers
+        .get(name)
+        .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
+        .map(str::trim)
+        .and_then(|value| value.parse().ok())
+}
+
+fn forwarded_client_ip(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Option<IpAddr> {
+    let addresses = headers
+        .get("x-forwarded-for")?
+        .to_str()
+        .ok()?
+        .split(',')
+        .filter_map(|value| value.trim().parse::<IpAddr>().ok())
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    addresses
+        .iter()
+        .copied()
+        .find(|address| !is_private_or_loopback(*address))
+        .or_else(|| addresses.first().copied())
+}
+
+const fn is_private_or_loopback(address: IpAddr) -> bool {
+    match address {
+        IpAddr::V4(address) => address.is_private() || address.is_loopback(),
+        IpAddr::V6(address) => address.is_unique_local() || address.is_loopback(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// 编码完整 canonical event 集合，并在完整 JSON 成功后提交下游。
+pub async fn collect_execution_response(session: Box<dyn ExecutionSession>) -> Response {
+    let mut execution = PendingExecution::new(session);
+    let Some(session) = execution.session_mut() else {
+        return internal_gateway_response("gateway response session is unavailable");
+    };
+    let events = match session.collect_uncommitted().await {
+        Ok(events) => events,
+        Err(error) => {
+            let response = engine_error_response(&error);
+            return execution.record_response_status(response).await;
+        }
+    };
+
+    let encoded = match encode_collected_events(&events) {
+        Ok(encoded) => encoded,
+        Err(error) => {
+            let response =
+                protocol_error_response(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, error.protocol_body());
+            let response = execution.record_response_status(response).await;
+            execution.cancel_and_finalize().await;
+            return response;
+        }
+    };
+    let response_headers = session.response_headers().to_vec();
+    let response = json_body_response(encoded, &response_headers);
+
+    let Some(session) = execution.session_mut() else {
+        return internal_gateway_response("gateway response session is unavailable");
+    };
+    if let Err(error) = session
+        .commit_downstream(Some(StatusCode::OK.as_u16()))
+        .await
+    {
+        execution.cancel_and_finalize().await;
+        let response = engine_error_response(&error);
+        return execution.record_response_status(response).await;
+    }
+    if !session.is_finalized() {
+        execution.cancel_and_finalize().await;
+        return internal_gateway_response("gateway response was not finalized after commit");
+    }
+    execution.disarm();
+    response
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum BufferedResponseEncodeError {
+    Canonical(ResponseEncodeError),
+    Json,
+}
+
+impl BufferedResponseEncodeError {
+    fn protocol_body(&self) -> ProtocolErrorBody {
+        match self {
+            Self::Canonical(error) => error.protocol_body(),
+            Self::Json => ResponseEncodeError::Serialization.protocol_body(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn encode_collected_events(
+    events: &[ProviderEvent],
+) -> Result<Vec<u8>, BufferedResponseEncodeError> {
+    let mut encoder = OpenAiResponsesEncoder::new();
+    for event in events {
+        encoder.push_sse(event);
+    }
+    let response = encoder
+        .finish()
+        .map_err(BufferedResponseEncodeError::Canonical)?;
+    serde_json::to_vec(&response).map_err(|_| BufferedResponseEncodeError::Json)
+}
+
+fn json_body_response(encoded: Vec<u8>, response_headers: &[ProviderResponseHeader]) -> Response {
+    let mut response = Response::new(Body::from(encoded));
+    *response.status_mut() = StatusCode::OK;
+    response
+        .headers_mut()
+        .insert(CONTENT_TYPE, HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"));
+    apply_response_headers(response, response_headers)
+}
+
+fn apply_response_headers(
+    mut response: Response,
+    response_headers: &[ProviderResponseHeader],
+) -> Response {
+    let connection_options = super::response_connection_options(response_headers);
+    for header in response_headers {
+        if !super::response_header_is_forwardable(header.name(), &connection_options) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let Ok(name) = HeaderName::from_bytes(header.name().as_bytes()) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let Ok(value) = HeaderValue::from_bytes(header.value()) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        response.headers_mut().append(name, value);
+    }
+    response
+}
+
+/// 编码首个 SSE frame 后提交下游，再持续驱动同一执行会话。
+pub async fn stream_execution_response(
+    session: Box<dyn ExecutionSession>,
+    connection_guard: Option<Box<dyn ConnectionGuard>>,
+) -> Response {
+    let mut execution = PendingExecution::new(session);
+    let Some(session) = execution.session_mut() else {
+        return internal_gateway_response("gateway response session is unavailable");
+    };
+    let first = match session.next_event().await {
+        Ok(Some(event)) => event,
+        Ok(None) => {
+            let response = gateway_error_response(&GatewayError::new(
+                GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                "gateway response ended before its first event",
+            ));
+            let response = execution.record_response_status(response).await;
+            execution.cancel_and_finalize().await;
+            return response;
+        }
+        Err(error) => {
+            let response = engine_error_response(&error);
+            return execution.record_response_status(response).await;
+        }
+    };
+    let first_requirement = first.commit_requirement();
+    let first_events = first.into_provider_events();
+    if first_requirement != CommitRequirement::CommitBeforeDelivery {
+        let response = internal_gateway_response("gateway first event did not require commit");
+        let response = execution.record_response_status(response).await;
+        execution.cancel_and_finalize().await;
+        return response;
+    }
+    let mut encoder = OpenAiResponsesEncoder::new();
+    let mut frames = Vec::new();
+    for event in &first_events {
+        frames.extend(encoder.push_sse(event));
+    }
+    if frames.is_empty() {
+        let response = internal_gateway_response("gateway commit batch encoded no output");
+        let response = execution.record_response_status(response).await;
+        execution.cancel_and_finalize().await;
+        return response;
+    }
+    let Some(session) = execution.session_mut() else {
+        return internal_gateway_response("gateway response session is unavailable");
+    };
+    let response_headers = session.response_headers().to_vec();
+    if let Err(error) = session
+        .commit_downstream(Some(StatusCode::OK.as_u16()))
+        .await
+    {
+        execution.cancel_and_finalize().await;
+        let response = engine_error_response(&error);
+        return execution.record_response_status(response).await;
+    }
+    let Some(session) = execution.into_session() else {
+        return internal_gateway_response("gateway response session is unavailable");
+    };
+    let mut state = ResponsesStreamState::new(session, encoder, frames, connection_guard);
+    if state.encoder.is_completed() {
+        state.finish_completed(Vec::new()).await;
+    }
+    let body = Body::from_stream(stream::unfold(state, |mut state| async move {
+        loop {
+            if let Some(chunk) = state.pending.pop_front() {
+                return Some((Ok::<Bytes, Infallible>(chunk), state));
+            }
+            if state.output_finished {
+                return None;
+            }
+            state.advance().await;
+        }
+    }));
+    event_stream_response(body, &response_headers)
+}
+
+fn event_stream_response(body: Body, response_headers: &[ProviderResponseHeader]) -> Response {
+    let mut response = Response::new(body);
+    *response.status_mut() = StatusCode::OK;
+    response
+        .headers_mut()
+        .insert(CONTENT_TYPE, HeaderValue::from_static("text/event-stream"));
+    response
+        .headers_mut()
+        .insert(CACHE_CONTROL, HeaderValue::from_static("no-cache"));
+    apply_response_headers(response, response_headers)
+}
+
+fn internal_gateway_response(message: &'static str) -> Response {
+    gateway_error_response(&GatewayError::new(GatewayErrorKind::Internal, message))
+}
+
+pub(super) struct PendingExecution {
+    session: Option<Box<dyn ExecutionSession>>,
+}
+
+impl PendingExecution {
+    pub(super) fn new(session: Box<dyn ExecutionSession>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            session: Some(session),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn session_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut (dyn ExecutionSession + 'static)> {
+        self.session.as_deref_mut()
+    }
+
+    async fn cancel_and_finalize(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(session) = self.session.as_mut() {
+            session.cancel();
+            if !session.is_finalized() {
+                let _ = session.next_event().await;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn record_response_status(&mut self, response: Response) -> Response {
+        if let Some(session) = self.session.as_mut() {
+            let _ = session
+                .record_client_status(response.status().as_u16())
+                .await;
+        }
+        response
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn disarm(&mut self) {
+        self.session = None;
+    }
+
+    fn into_session(mut self) -> Option<Box<dyn ExecutionSession>> {
+        self.session.take()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for PendingExecution {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let Some(session) = self.session.take() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        if session.is_finalized() {
+            return;
+        }
+        session.cancel();
+        detach_finalize(session);
+    }
+}
+
+struct ResponsesStreamState {
+    session: Option<Box<dyn ExecutionSession>>,
+    encoder: OpenAiResponsesEncoder,
+    pending: VecDeque<Bytes>,
+    output_finished: bool,
+    execution_terminal: bool,
+    _connection_guard: Option<Box<dyn ConnectionGuard>>,
+}
+
+impl ResponsesStreamState {
+    fn new(
+        session: Box<dyn ExecutionSession>,
+        encoder: OpenAiResponsesEncoder,
+        initial_frames: Vec<Bytes>,
+        connection_guard: Option<Box<dyn ConnectionGuard>>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            session: Some(session),
+            encoder,
+            pending: initial_frames.into_iter().collect(),
+            output_finished: false,
+            execution_terminal: false,
+            _connection_guard: connection_guard,
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn advance(&mut self) {
+        let next = match self.session.as_mut() {
+            Some(session) => session.next_event().await,
+            None => {
+                self.finish_with_gateway_error(GatewayError::new(
+                    GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                    "gateway response session is unavailable",
+                ));
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        match next {
+            Ok(Some(event)) => {
+                let requirement = event.commit_requirement();
+                let events = event.into_provider_events();
+                if requirement != CommitRequirement::AlreadyCommitted {
+                    self.cancel_execution().await;
+                    self.finish_with_gateway_error(GatewayError::new(
+                        GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                        "gateway requested another downstream commit",
+                    ));
+                } else {
+                    for event in events {
+                        self.push_event(event).await;
+                        if self.output_finished {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(None) => {
+                self.execution_terminal = self
+                    .session
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .is_some_and(|session| session.is_finalized());
+                if self.execution_terminal {
+                    self.pending
+                        .push_back(Bytes::from_static(DONE_SSE_FRAME.as_bytes()));
+                    self.output_finished = true;
+                } else {
+                    self.finish_with_gateway_error(GatewayError::new(
+                        GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                        "gateway response ended without finalizing the execution",
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+            Err(error) => {
+                self.execution_terminal = self
+                    .session
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .is_some_and(|session| session.is_finalized());
+                if self.encoder.has_wire_failure() {
+                    self.pending
+                        .push_back(Bytes::from_static(DONE_SSE_FRAME.as_bytes()));
+                    self.output_finished = true;
+                } else {
+                    self.finish_with_gateway_error(gateway_error_from_engine(&error));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn push_event(&mut self, event: ProviderEvent) {
+        let frames = self.encoder.push_sse(&event);
+        if self.encoder.is_completed() {
+            self.finish_completed(frames).await;
+        } else {
+            self.pending.extend(frames);
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn finish_completed(&mut self, frames: Vec<Bytes>) {
+        let next = match self.session.as_mut() {
+            Some(session) => session.next_event().await,
+            None => {
+                self.finish_with_gateway_error(GatewayError::new(
+                    GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                    "gateway response session is unavailable",
+                ));
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        match next {
+            Ok(None)
+                if self
+                    .session
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .is_some_and(|session| session.is_finalized()) =>
+            {
+                self.pending.extend(frames);
+                self.execution_terminal = true;
+                self.pending
+                    .push_back(Bytes::from_static(DONE_SSE_FRAME.as_bytes()));
+                self.output_finished = true;
+            }
+            Ok(None) => {
+                self.cancel_execution().await;
+                self.finish_with_gateway_error(GatewayError::new(
+                    GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                    "gateway response was not finalized after its terminal event",
+                ));
+            }
+            Ok(Some(_)) => {
+                self.cancel_execution().await;
+                self.finish_with_gateway_error(GatewayError::new(
+                    GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                    "gateway response continued after its terminal event",
+                ));
+            }
+            Err(error) => {
+                self.execution_terminal = self
+                    .session
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .is_some_and(|session| session.is_finalized());
+                self.finish_with_gateway_error(gateway_error_from_engine(&error));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn cancel_execution(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(session) = self.session.as_mut() {
+            session.cancel();
+            if !session.is_finalized() {
+                let _ = session.next_event().await;
+            }
+            self.execution_terminal = session.is_finalized();
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn finish_with_gateway_error(&mut self, error: GatewayError) {
+        let (_, default_type, default_code) = gateway_error_contract(error.kind());
+        self.pending
+            .push_back(Bytes::from(response_failed_sse_event_with_id(
+                self.encoder.response_id(),
+                error.client_error_type().unwrap_or(default_type),
+                error.client_error_code().unwrap_or(default_code),
+                error.client_message(),
+            )));
+        self.pending
+            .push_back(Bytes::from_static(DONE_SSE_FRAME.as_bytes()));
+        self.output_finished = true;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for ResponsesStreamState {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if self.execution_terminal {
+            return;
+        }
+        let Some(session) = self.session.take() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        session.cancel();
+        // Body drop 后由 Core 继续状态机清理，HTTP body 生命周期不等待它。
+        detach_finalize(session);
+    }
+}
+
+fn detach_finalize(session: Box<dyn ExecutionSession>) {
+    let finalize = session.detach_finalize();
+    if let Ok(runtime) = tokio::runtime::Handle::try_current() {
+        drop(runtime.spawn(finalize));
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+//! OpenAI Responses 的透明 wire adapter 与 Core canonical facts 投影。
+
+mod error;
+mod http;
+mod request;
+mod response;
+mod websocket;
+
+pub use error::{ProtocolErrorBody, RequestDecodeError, ResponseEncodeError};
+pub use http::{collect_execution_response, stream_execution_response};
+pub(crate) use http::{responses, review_responses};
+pub use request::{
+    ContinuationIntent, DecodedResponsesRequest, OpenAiRequestHeaders, ResponsesRequestMetadata,
+    decode_request_with_headers,
+};
+pub use response::OpenAiResponsesEncoder;
+pub(crate) use websocket::responses_websocket;
+pub use websocket::{ResponseCreateFrameError, decode_response_create_with_context};
+
+use gateway_core::event::ProviderResponseHeader;
+
+pub(super) fn response_connection_options(headers: &[ProviderResponseHeader]) -> Vec<String> {
+    headers
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|header| header.name().trim().eq_ignore_ascii_case("connection"))
+        .filter_map(|header| std::str::from_utf8(header.value()).ok())
+        .flat_map(|value| value.split(','))
+        .map(str::trim)
+        .filter(|name| !name.is_empty())
+        .map(str::to_ascii_lowercase)
+        .collect()
+}
+
+pub(super) fn response_header_is_forwardable(name: &str, connection_options: &[String]) -> bool {
+    let name = name.trim().to_ascii_lowercase();
+    if connection_options
+        .iter()
+        .any(|option| option.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&name))
+        || name.starts_with("sec-websocket-")
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    !matches!(
+        name.as_str(),
+        "connection"
+            | "keep-alive"
+            | "proxy-connection"
+            | "te"
+            | "trailer"
+            | "transfer-encoding"
+            | "upgrade"
+            | "content-length"
+            | "content-type"
+            | "content-encoding"
+            | "authorization"
+            | "x-api-key"
+            | "www-authenticate"
+            | "authentication-info"
+            | "proxy-authenticate"
+            | "proxy-authorization"
+            | "proxy-authentication-info"
+            | "cookie"
+            | "cookie2"
+            | "set-cookie"
+            | "set-cookie2"
+            | "chatgpt-account-id"
+            | "chatgpt-organization-id"
+            | "chatgpt-org-id"
+            | "chatgpt-project-id"
+            | "openai-organization"
+            | "openai-project"
+            | "x-openai-organization"
+            | "x-openai-project"
+            | "x-codex-installation-id"
+            | "x-codex-turn-state"
+            | "x-codex-turn-metadata"
+    )
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+//! OpenAI Responses JSON 到 Core 路由事实与不透明 wire payload 的单一解码边界。
+
+use std::{fmt, net::IpAddr};
+
+use axum::http::HeaderMap;
+use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::STANDARD};
+use gateway_core::operation::{GenerateRequest, Operation, ProtocolPayload, ProviderSessionState};
+use gateway_protocol::openai::{
+    X_OPENAI_INTERNAL_CODEX_RESPONSES_LITE_HEADER, X_OPENAI_MEMGEN_REQUEST_HEADER,
+};
+use serde_json::{Map, Value};
+
+use super::error::RequestDecodeError;
+
+const OPENAI_PROTOCOL: &str = "openai";
+const REVIEW_SUBAGENT: &str = "review";
+const OPENAI_SUBAGENT_KEY: &str = "x-openai-subagent";
+const PASSTHROUGH_HEADERS_CONTEXT_KEY: &str = "opaque_request_headers";
+
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+pub struct OpenAiRequestHeaders {
+    turn_state: Option<String>,
+    turn_metadata: Option<String>,
+    beta_features: Option<String>,
+    version: Option<String>,
+    include_timing_metrics: Option<String>,
+    codex_window_id: Option<String>,
+    parent_thread_id: Option<String>,
+
+    conversation_id: Option<String>,
+    session_id: Option<String>,
+    thread_id: Option<String>,
+    client_request_id: Option<String>,
+    turn_id: Option<String>,
+
+    responses_lite: Option<String>,
+    memgen_request: Option<String>,
+    subagent: Option<String>,
+    passthrough_headers: Vec<Value>,
+}
+
+impl OpenAiRequestHeaders {
+    /// 提取 OpenAI/Codex 连接级请求头上下文。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn from_headers(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            turn_state: header_string(headers, "x-codex-turn-state"),
+            turn_metadata: header_string(headers, "x-codex-turn-metadata"),
+            beta_features: header_string(headers, "x-codex-beta-features"),
+            version: header_string(headers, "version"),
+            include_timing_metrics: header_string(headers, "x-responsesapi-include-timing-metrics"),
+            codex_window_id: header_string(headers, "x-codex-window-id"),
+            parent_thread_id: header_string(headers, "x-codex-parent-thread-id"),
+            conversation_id: header_string(headers, "conversation-id")
+                .or_else(|| header_string(headers, "conversation_id")),
+            session_id: header_string(headers, "session-id")
+                .or_else(|| header_string(headers, "session_id")),
+            thread_id: header_string(headers, "thread-id"),
+            client_request_id: header_string(headers, "x-client-request-id"),
+            turn_id: header_string(headers, "x-codex-turn-id"),
+            responses_lite: header_string(headers, X_OPENAI_INTERNAL_CODEX_RESPONSES_LITE_HEADER),
+            memgen_request: header_string(headers, X_OPENAI_MEMGEN_REQUEST_HEADER),
+            subagent: header_string(headers, OPENAI_SUBAGENT_KEY),
+            passthrough_headers: passthrough_headers(headers),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn apply_subagent(&self, body: &mut Map<String, Value>, forced_subagent: Option<&str>) {
+        if let Some(subagent) = forced_subagent.or(self.subagent.as_deref()) {
+            inject_subagent_metadata(body, subagent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn protocol_context(&self, use_websocket: Option<bool>) -> Map<String, Value> {
+        let mut context = Map::new();
+        insert_protocol_context(&mut context, "turn_state", self.turn_state.as_ref());
+        insert_protocol_context(&mut context, "turn_metadata", self.turn_metadata.as_ref());
+        insert_protocol_context(&mut context, "beta_features", self.beta_features.as_ref());
+        insert_protocol_context(&mut context, "version", self.version.as_ref());
+        insert_protocol_context(
+            &mut context,
+            "include_timing_metrics",
+            self.include_timing_metrics.as_ref(),
+        );
+        insert_protocol_context(
+            &mut context,
+            "codex_window_id",
+            self.codex_window_id.as_ref(),
+        );
+        insert_protocol_context(
+            &mut context,
+            "parent_thread_id",
+            self.parent_thread_id.as_ref(),
+        );
+        insert_protocol_context(
+            &mut context,
+            "conversation_id",
+            self.conversation_id.as_ref(),
+        );
+        insert_protocol_context(&mut context, "session_id", self.session_id.as_ref());
+        insert_protocol_context(&mut context, "thread_id", self.thread_id.as_ref());
+        insert_protocol_context(
+            &mut context,
+            "client_request_id",
+            self.client_request_id.as_ref(),
+        );
+        insert_protocol_context(&mut context, "turn_id", self.turn_id.as_ref());
+        insert_protocol_context(&mut context, "responses_lite", self.responses_lite.as_ref());
+        insert_protocol_context(&mut context, "memgen_request", self.memgen_request.as_ref());
+        if !self.passthrough_headers.is_empty() {
+            context.insert(
+                PASSTHROUGH_HEADERS_CONTEXT_KEY.to_owned(),
+                Value::Array(self.passthrough_headers.clone()),
+            );
+        }
+        if let Some(use_websocket) = use_websocket {
+            context.insert("use_websocket".to_owned(), Value::Bool(use_websocket));
+        }
+        context
+    }
+}
+
+fn insert_protocol_context(context: &mut Map<String, Value>, field: &str, value: Option<&String>) {
+    if let Some(value) = value {
+        context.insert(field.to_owned(), Value::String(value.clone()));
+    }
+}
+
+/// 客户端声明的 continuation 意图。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ContinuationIntent {
+    /// 不使用先前响应。
+    None,
+    /// 使用当前调用方可见的 OpenAI response ID。
+    PreviousResponseId(String),
+}
+
+impl ContinuationIntent {
+    /// 返回是否请求了对话延续。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_continuation(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::PreviousResponseId(_))
+    }
+
+    /// 返回待 history owner 解析的 response ID。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn previous_response_id(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        match self {
+            Self::None => None,
+            Self::PreviousResponseId(value) => Some(value),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for ContinuationIntent {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::None => formatter.write_str("None"),
+            Self::PreviousResponseId(_) => formatter.write_str("PreviousResponseId(<redacted>)"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Handler、Router 和 history owner 使用的请求元数据。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ResponsesRequestMetadata {
+    requested_model: String,
+    public_model: String,
+    stream: bool,
+    store: bool,
+    continuation: ContinuationIntent,
+    client_ip: Option<IpAddr>,
+    user_agent: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl ResponsesRequestMetadata {
+    /// 返回客户端原始模型名。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn requested_model(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.requested_model
+    }
+
+    /// 返回协议层公开模型候选。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn public_model(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.public_model
+    }
+
+    /// 返回客户端是否请求 SSE。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn stream(&self) -> bool {
+        self.stream
+    }
+
+    /// 返回客户端 storage intent。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn store(&self) -> bool {
+        self.store
+    }
+
+    /// 返回 continuation intent。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn continuation(&self) -> &ContinuationIntent {
+        &self.continuation
+    }
+
+    /// 返回从 HTTP 连接边界解析出的客户端地址。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn client_ip(&self) -> Option<IpAddr> {
+        self.client_ip
+    }
+
+    /// 返回经过 UTF-8 校验和空白归一化的 User-Agent。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn user_agent(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.user_agent.as_deref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for ResponsesRequestMetadata {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("ResponsesRequestMetadata")
+            .field("requested_model", &self.requested_model)
+            .field("public_model", &self.public_model)
+            .field("stream", &self.stream)
+            .field("store", &self.store)
+            .field("continuation", &self.continuation)
+            .field("client_ip", &self.client_ip)
+            .field("has_user_agent", &self.user_agent.is_some())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 一次成功解码的 Responses 请求。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct DecodedResponsesRequest {
+    operation: Operation,
+    metadata: ResponsesRequestMetadata,
+}
+
+impl DecodedResponsesRequest {
+    /// 附着当前 WebSocket 连接保存的 Provider 私有上一轮状态。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_provider_session_state(mut self, state: ProviderSessionState) -> Self {
+        self.operation = self.operation.with_provider_session_state(state);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// 返回协议无关 operation。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn operation(&self) -> &Operation {
+        &self.operation
+    }
+
+    /// 返回 handler 元数据。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn metadata(&self) -> &ResponsesRequestMetadata {
+        &self.metadata
+    }
+
+    /// 拆分为 operation 与元数据。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn into_parts(self) -> (Operation, ResponsesRequestMetadata) {
+        (self.operation, self.metadata)
+    }
+
+    /// 附着只由 HTTP/WebSocket 连接边界提供的诊断事实。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_client_context(
+        mut self,
+        client_ip: Option<IpAddr>,
+        user_agent: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        self.metadata.client_ip = client_ip;
+        self.metadata.user_agent = user_agent;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for DecodedResponsesRequest {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("DecodedResponsesRequest")
+            .field("operation", &self.operation)
+            .field("metadata", &self.metadata)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 使用下游 OpenAI/Codex 请求头解码 `POST /v1/responses`。
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// JSON 非法、顶层不是 object，或网关必须解释的路由字段无效时返回安全错误。
+pub fn decode_request_with_headers(
+    body: &[u8],
+    headers: &HeaderMap,
+) -> Result<DecodedResponsesRequest, RequestDecodeError> {
+    decode_request_inner(body, false, &OpenAiRequestHeaders::from_headers(headers))
+}
+
+/// 解码 `POST /v1/responses/review` 请求并冻结 review subagent 语义。
+pub(super) fn decode_review_request_with_headers(
+    body: &[u8],
+    headers: &HeaderMap,
+) -> Result<DecodedResponsesRequest, RequestDecodeError> {
+    decode_request_inner(body, true, &OpenAiRequestHeaders::from_headers(headers))
+}
+
+pub(super) fn decode_request_inner(
+    body: &[u8],
+    review: bool,
+    request_headers: &OpenAiRequestHeaders,
+) -> Result<DecodedResponsesRequest, RequestDecodeError> {
+    let value =
+        serde_json::from_slice::<Value>(body).map_err(|_| RequestDecodeError::MalformedJson)?;
+    let Value::Object(object) = value else {
+        return Err(RequestDecodeError::ExpectedObject);
+    };
+    decode_request_object(object, review, request_headers)
+}
+
+/// 解码已解析的顶层 object；WebSocket 帧解码复用此内核，避免序列化往返。
+pub(super) fn decode_request_object(
+    mut object: Map<String, Value>,
+    review: bool,
+    request_headers: &OpenAiRequestHeaders,
+) -> Result<DecodedResponsesRequest, RequestDecodeError> {
+    // 仅消费已识别的本地 transport 开关；未知同名值保留给未来上游协议。
+    let use_websocket = object.get("use_websocket").and_then(Value::as_bool);
+    if use_websocket.is_some() {
+        object.remove("use_websocket");
+    }
+
+    let model = required_non_empty_string(&object, "model", "model")?;
+    if model.trim().is_empty() {
+        return Err(RequestDecodeError::EmptyField {
+            field: "model".to_owned(),
+        });
+    }
+    let model = model.to_owned();
+    let stream = object
+        .get("stream")
+        .and_then(Value::as_bool)
+        .unwrap_or(true);
+    let store = object
+        .get("store")
+        .and_then(Value::as_bool)
+        .unwrap_or(false);
+    let continuation = object
+        .get("previous_response_id")
+        .and_then(Value::as_str)
+        .map(|response_id| ContinuationIntent::PreviousResponseId(response_id.to_owned()))
+        .unwrap_or(ContinuationIntent::None);
+
+    request_headers.apply_subagent(&mut object, review.then_some(REVIEW_SUBAGENT));
+    let protocol_context = request_headers.protocol_context(use_websocket);
+
+    let payload = ProtocolPayload::json_object(OPENAI_PROTOCOL, object)
+        .map_err(|_| RequestDecodeError::CanonicalContract {
+            field: "request".to_owned(),
+        })?
+        .with_context(protocol_context);
+    let operation = Operation::Generate(GenerateRequest::from_protocol_payload(payload));
+    Ok(DecodedResponsesRequest {
+        operation,
+        metadata: ResponsesRequestMetadata {
+            requested_model: model.clone(),
+            public_model: model,
+            stream,
+            store,
+            continuation,
+            client_ip: None,
+            user_agent: None,
+        },
+    })
+}
+
+fn inject_subagent_metadata(body: &mut Map<String, Value>, subagent: &str) {
+    let metadata = body
+        .entry("client_metadata".to_owned())
+        .or_insert_with(|| Value::Object(Map::new()));
+    let Some(metadata) = metadata.as_object_mut() else {
+        return;
+    };
+    metadata.insert(
+        OPENAI_SUBAGENT_KEY.to_owned(),
+        Value::String(subagent.to_owned()),
+    );
+}
+
+fn header_string(headers: &HeaderMap, name: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    headers
+        .get(name)
+        .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
+        .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
+}
+
+fn passthrough_headers(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Vec<Value> {
+    let connection_headers = headers
+        .get_all("connection")
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|value| value.to_str().ok())
+        .flat_map(|value| value.split(','))
+        .map(str::trim)
+        .filter(|name| !name.is_empty())
+        .map(str::to_ascii_lowercase)
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    headers
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|(name, _)| passthrough_header_name(name.as_str(), &connection_headers))
+        .map(|(name, value)| {
+            Value::Array(vec![
+                Value::String(name.as_str().to_owned()),
+                Value::String(STANDARD.encode(value.as_bytes())),
+            ])
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn passthrough_header_name(name: &str, connection_headers: &[String]) -> bool {
+    if connection_headers
+        .iter()
+        .any(|connection_header| connection_header.eq_ignore_ascii_case(name))
+        || name.starts_with("sec-websocket-")
+        || name.starts_with("x-grok-")
+        || name.starts_with("x-xai-")
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    !matches!(
+        name,
+        // 逐跳头、上游 authority 和重序列化后的实体长度由 transport 重建。
+        "connection"
+            | "keep-alive"
+            | "proxy-connection"
+            | "proxy-authenticate"
+            | "proxy-authorization"
+            | "te"
+            | "trailer"
+            | "transfer-encoding"
+            | "upgrade"
+            | "host"
+            | "content-length"
+            // 下游连接诊断事实只用于本地观测，不能伪装成 OpenAI 请求事实。
+            | "forwarded"
+            | "x-forwarded-for"
+            | "x-forwarded-host"
+            | "x-forwarded-proto"
+            | "x-forwarded-port"
+            | "x-real-ip"
+            | "true-client-ip"
+            | "cf-connecting-ip"
+            | "x-request-id"
+            // 下游鉴权和账号 cookie 绝不能成为上游账号身份。
+            | "authorization"
+            | "x-api-key"
+            | "cookie"
+            | "cookie2"
+            | "chatgpt-account-id"
+            | "chatgpt-organization-id"
+            | "chatgpt-org-id"
+            | "chatgpt-project-id"
+            | "openai-organization"
+            | "openai-project"
+            | "x-openai-organization"
+            | "x-openai-project"
+            // installation ID 始终由当前 lease 重建。
+            | "x-codex-installation-id"
+            // 上游指纹必须由运行时画像统一生成，客户端 originator/User-Agent
+            // 不能透传覆盖，避免不同下游客户端暴露不一致的设备指纹。
+            | "originator"
+            | "user-agent"
+            // 设备 attestation/integrity 头只能由官方客户端或网关自身生成，
+            // 客户端注入的 x-oai-attestation / X-OAI-IS 不得透传上游。
+            | "x-oai-attestation"
+            | "x-oai-is"
+            | "x-oai-is-update"
+    )
+}
+
+fn required_non_empty_string<'a>(
+    object: &'a Map<String, Value>,
+    key: &str,
+    field: &str,
+) -> Result<&'a str, RequestDecodeError> {
+    let value = object
+        .get(key)
+        .ok_or_else(|| RequestDecodeError::MissingField {
+            field: field.to_owned(),
+        })?
+        .as_str()
+        .ok_or_else(|| RequestDecodeError::InvalidType {
+            field: field.to_owned(),
+            expected: "a string",
+        })?;
+    if value.is_empty() {
+        return Err(RequestDecodeError::EmptyField {
+            field: field.to_owned(),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(value)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+//! Provider OpenAI Responses wire 到客户端 transport 的透明转发边界。
+
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use gateway_core::event::{GatewayEvent, ProtocolWireEvent, ProviderEvent};
+use gateway_protocol::openai::sse::encode_sse_event_with_metadata;
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+use super::error::ResponseEncodeError;
+
+const OPENAI_PROTOCOL: &str = "openai";
+
+/// OpenAI Responses wire 的转发器。
+///
+/// OpenAI Provider 与 xAI adapter 都必须交付 OpenAI wire。wire 是客户端交付
+/// 与终态判断的事实来源；canonical facts 只在 wire 暂未携带 ID 时提供旁路观测，
+/// 不得反过来拒绝或改写上游事件。
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct OpenAiResponsesEncoder {
+    response_id: Option<String>,
+    wire_terminal: Option<Value>,
+    wire_failure: bool,
+}
+
+impl OpenAiResponsesEncoder {
+    /// 创建响应 wire 转发器。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            response_id: None,
+            wire_terminal: None,
+            wire_failure: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 消费一个 Provider event，并返回 SSE frames。
+    pub fn push_sse(&mut self, event: &ProviderEvent) -> Vec<Bytes> {
+        self.observe_canonical_identity(event);
+        let Some(wire) = openai_wire(event) else {
+            return Vec::new();
+        };
+        self.observe_wire(wire);
+        if let Some(raw_sse_frame) = wire.raw_sse_frame() {
+            return vec![raw_sse_frame.clone()];
+        }
+        vec![Bytes::from(encode_sse_event_with_metadata(
+            wire.event_type().unwrap_or_default(),
+            &wire.data().to_string(),
+            wire.sse_id(),
+            wire.sse_retry(),
+        ))]
+    }
+
+    /// 消费一个 Provider event，并返回 WebSocket JSON messages。
+    pub fn push_websocket(&mut self, event: &ProviderEvent) -> Vec<String> {
+        self.observe_canonical_identity(event);
+        let Some(wire) = openai_wire(event).filter(|wire| wire.has_json_data()) else {
+            return Vec::new();
+        };
+        self.observe_wire(wire);
+        vec![wire.data().to_string()]
+    }
+
+    /// 返回是否已经看到客户端可见的 wire 终态。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn is_completed(&self) -> bool {
+        self.wire_terminal.is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// 返回是否已把 Provider 原生失败 event 交付给客户端。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn has_wire_failure(&self) -> bool {
+        self.wire_failure
+    }
+
+    /// 返回 Core 已观察到的客户端可见 Provider 原生响应 ID。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn response_id(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.response_id.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    /// 校验完整响应并返回原生终态 response object。
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// 缺少可转换为非流式响应的 wire 终态时返回错误。
+    pub fn finish(self) -> Result<Value, ResponseEncodeError> {
+        self.wire_terminal
+            .ok_or(ResponseEncodeError::MissingWireTerminal)
+    }
+
+    fn observe_canonical_identity(&mut self, event: &ProviderEvent) {
+        for fact in event.canonical_facts() {
+            let metadata = match fact {
+                GatewayEvent::Started(metadata) | GatewayEvent::Completed(metadata) => metadata,
+                _ => continue,
+            };
+            self.response_id = Some(metadata.response_id().to_owned());
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn observe_wire(&mut self, wire: &ProtocolWireEvent) {
+        if let Some(response_id) = wire
+            .data()
+            .pointer("/response/id")
+            .or_else(|| wire.data().get("response_id"))
+            .and_then(Value::as_str)
+        {
+            self.response_id = Some(response_id.to_owned());
+        }
+        let effective_type = wire
+            .event_type()
+            .or_else(|| wire.data().get("type").and_then(Value::as_str));
+        if matches!(
+            effective_type,
+            Some("response.completed" | "response.incomplete")
+        ) {
+            self.wire_terminal = wire.data().get("response").cloned();
+        } else if matches!(effective_type, Some("response.failed" | "error")) {
+            self.wire_failure = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn openai_wire(event: &ProviderEvent) -> Option<&ProtocolWireEvent> {
+    event
+        .wire_event()
+        .filter(|wire| wire.protocol() == OPENAI_PROTOCOL)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,699 @@
+//! OpenAI Responses WebSocket adapter。
+
+use std::net::{IpAddr, SocketAddr};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use axum::{
+    extract::{
+        Extension, State,
+        connect_info::ConnectInfo,
+        ws::{CloseFrame, Message, WebSocket, WebSocketUpgrade, close_code},
+    },
+    http::{HeaderMap, HeaderName, StatusCode},
+    response::{IntoResponse, Response},
+};
+use futures::StreamExt;
+use gateway_core::engine::execution::{AuthenticatedClient, ClientTransport, StartedExecution};
+use gateway_core::engine::{CommitRequirement, CoordinatedEvent, EngineError};
+use gateway_core::error::{GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind};
+use gateway_core::event::ProviderResponseHeader;
+use gateway_core::lifecycle::{ConnectionGuard, ConnectionLifecycle};
+use gateway_core::operation::ProviderSessionState;
+use serde_json::{Map, Value, json};
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::{
+    ApiState,
+    openai::{
+        auth::{authenticate_client, authentication_error_response},
+        error::{gateway_error_contract, gateway_error_from_engine, runtime_unavailable_response},
+        service::OpenAiService,
+    },
+};
+
+use super::{
+    DecodedResponsesRequest, OpenAiResponsesEncoder, ProtocolErrorBody, RequestDecodeError,
+    http::{PendingExecution, request_client_context},
+    request::OpenAiRequestHeaders,
+};
+
+const ACTIVE_RESPONSE_VIOLATION: &str = "Only one response.create may be active per connection";
+const TEXT_FRAMES_ONLY: &str = "Responses WebSocket accepts text frames only";
+
+/// 将已认证的 `GET /v1/responses` 升级为 Responses WebSocket。
+pub(crate) async fn responses_websocket(
+    State(state): State<ApiState>,
+    connect_info: Option<Extension<ConnectInfo<SocketAddr>>>,
+    headers: HeaderMap,
+    websocket: WebSocketUpgrade,
+) -> Response {
+    let service = state.openai().clone();
+    let client = match authenticate_client(&service, &headers) {
+        Ok(client) => client,
+        Err(error) => return authentication_error_response(error),
+    };
+    let (client_ip, user_agent) = request_client_context(
+        &headers,
+        connect_info.map(|Extension(ConnectInfo(address))| address),
+    );
+    ResponsesWebSocketAdapter::new(service).upgrade_with_client_context(
+        websocket,
+        client,
+        client_ip,
+        user_agent,
+        OpenAiRequestHeaders::from_headers(&headers),
+    )
+}
+
+/// 已鉴权 Responses WebSocket 升级边界。
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct ResponsesWebSocketAdapter {
+    service: OpenAiService,
+}
+
+impl ResponsesWebSocketAdapter {
+    /// 绑定应用提供的唯一 OpenAI 客户端服务端口。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(service: OpenAiService) -> Self {
+        Self { service }
+    }
+
+    fn upgrade_with_client_context(
+        &self,
+        websocket: WebSocketUpgrade,
+        client: AuthenticatedClient,
+        client_ip: Option<IpAddr>,
+        user_agent: Option<String>,
+        request_headers: OpenAiRequestHeaders,
+    ) -> Response {
+        let connection_guard = match self.service.try_register_connection() {
+            Ok(guard) => guard,
+            Err(_) => return runtime_unavailable_response().into_response(),
+        };
+        let session = ResponsesWebSocketSession {
+            service: self.service.clone(),
+            client,
+            connection_id: self.service.next_request_id().replacen("req_", "ws_", 1),
+            client_ip,
+            user_agent,
+            request_headers,
+            lifecycle: self.service.lifecycle(),
+            _connection_guard: connection_guard,
+        };
+        websocket
+            // 覆盖 axum/tungstenite 的私有 64 MiB message 与 16 MiB frame 默认值。
+            // Responses JSON 的协议可接受性由上游决定，代理不另设 wire 长度上限。
+            .max_message_size(usize::MAX)
+            .max_frame_size(usize::MAX)
+            .on_upgrade(move |socket| async move {
+                serve_responses_websocket(socket, session).await;
+            })
+    }
+}
+
+struct ResponsesWebSocketSession {
+    service: OpenAiService,
+    client: AuthenticatedClient,
+    connection_id: String,
+    client_ip: Option<IpAddr>,
+    user_agent: Option<String>,
+    request_headers: OpenAiRequestHeaders,
+    lifecycle: Arc<dyn ConnectionLifecycle>,
+    _connection_guard: Box<dyn ConnectionGuard>,
+}
+
+async fn serve_responses_websocket(mut socket: WebSocket, session: ResponsesWebSocketSession) {
+    tracing::info!(
+        websocket_connection_id = %session.connection_id,
+        "Responses WebSocket connected"
+    );
+    let mut request_count = 0_u64;
+    let mut replay = ConnectionReplaySnapshot::default();
+
+    let cancellation = session.lifecycle.cancellation();
+    loop {
+        let message = tokio::select! {
+            () = cancellation.cancelled() => break,
+            message = socket.next() => message,
+        };
+        let Some(message) = message else {
+            break;
+        };
+        let payload = match message {
+            Ok(Message::Text(payload)) => payload,
+            Ok(Message::Ping(_) | Message::Pong(_)) => continue,
+            Ok(Message::Close(_)) => break,
+            Ok(Message::Binary(_)) => {
+                close_for_protocol_violation(&mut socket, TEXT_FRAMES_ONLY).await;
+                break;
+            }
+            Err(error) => {
+                tracing::info!(
+                    websocket_connection_id = %session.connection_id,
+                    error = %error,
+                    "Responses WebSocket receive failed"
+                );
+                break;
+            }
+        };
+        request_count = request_count.saturating_add(1);
+        let correlation_id = session.service.next_request_id();
+        let decoded =
+            match decode_response_create_with_context(payload.as_str(), &session.request_headers) {
+                Ok(decoded) => {
+                    decoded.with_client_context(session.client_ip, session.user_agent.clone())
+                }
+                Err(error) => {
+                    tracing::info!(
+                        websocket_connection_id = %session.connection_id,
+                        request_id = %correlation_id,
+                        error = %error,
+                        "Responses WebSocket request rejected"
+                    );
+                    if send_protocol_error(
+                        &mut socket,
+                        StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST,
+                        error.protocol_body(),
+                        &correlation_id,
+                    )
+                    .await
+                        == ForwardOutcome::Disconnect
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+            };
+        let decoded = replay.prepare(decoded);
+        let started = match session
+            .service
+            .start_response(
+                session.client.clone(),
+                decoded,
+                ClientTransport::WebSocket,
+                "/v1/responses",
+            )
+            .await
+        {
+            Ok(started) => started,
+            Err(error) => {
+                if send_gateway_error(&mut socket, &error, &correlation_id).await
+                    == ForwardOutcome::Disconnect
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+        };
+
+        if forward_execution(&mut socket, started, &mut replay).await == ForwardOutcome::Disconnect
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    tracing::info!(
+        websocket_connection_id = %session.connection_id,
+        request_count,
+        "Responses WebSocket disconnected"
+    );
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum ForwardOutcome {
+    Continue,
+    Disconnect,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct ConnectionReplaySnapshot {
+    last_response_id: Option<String>,
+    provider_state: Option<ProviderSessionState>,
+}
+
+impl ConnectionReplaySnapshot {
+    fn prepare(&self, request: DecodedResponsesRequest) -> DecodedResponsesRequest {
+        match (
+            request.metadata().continuation().previous_response_id(),
+            self.last_response_id.as_deref(),
+            self.provider_state.as_ref(),
+        ) {
+            (Some(previous), Some(last), Some(state)) if previous == last => {
+                request.with_provider_session_state(state.clone())
+            }
+            _ => request,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn commit(&mut self, response_id: String, provider_state: Option<ProviderSessionState>) {
+        self.last_response_id = Some(response_id);
+        self.provider_state = provider_state;
+    }
+}
+
+async fn forward_execution(
+    socket: &mut WebSocket,
+    started: StartedExecution,
+    replay: &mut ConnectionReplaySnapshot,
+) -> ForwardOutcome {
+    let request_id = started.request_id.to_string();
+    let streaming = started.stream;
+    let mut execution = PendingExecution::new(started.session);
+    if !streaming {
+        let error = GatewayError::new(
+            GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+            "WebSocket execution was not initialized as a stream",
+        );
+        return send_gateway_error(socket, &error, &request_id).await;
+    }
+    let first = loop {
+        match next_active_input(socket, &mut execution).await {
+            ActiveInput::Event(Ok(Some(event))) => break event,
+            ActiveInput::Event(Ok(None)) => {
+                let error = GatewayError::new(
+                    GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                    "gateway response ended before its first event",
+                );
+                return send_gateway_error(socket, &error, &request_id).await;
+            }
+            ActiveInput::Event(Err(error)) => {
+                let error = gateway_error_from_engine(&error);
+                return send_gateway_error(socket, &error, &request_id).await;
+            }
+            ActiveInput::Control => continue,
+            ActiveInput::Disconnect => return ForwardOutcome::Disconnect,
+            ActiveInput::ProtocolViolation => {
+                close_for_protocol_violation(socket, ACTIVE_RESPONSE_VIOLATION).await;
+                return ForwardOutcome::Disconnect;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    let requirement = first.commit_requirement();
+    let mut first = first.into_provider_events();
+    if requirement != CommitRequirement::CommitBeforeDelivery {
+        let error = GatewayError::new(
+            GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+            "gateway first event did not require commit",
+        );
+        return send_gateway_error(socket, &error, &request_id).await;
+    }
+    let mut encoder = OpenAiResponsesEncoder::new();
+    let mut provider_state = None;
+    let mut first_messages = Vec::new();
+    for event in &mut first {
+        if let Some(update) = event.take_session_update() {
+            provider_state = Some(update);
+        }
+        first_messages.extend(encoder.push_websocket(event));
+    }
+    if first_messages.is_empty() {
+        let error = GatewayError::new(
+            GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+            "gateway commit batch encoded no output",
+        );
+        return send_gateway_error(socket, &error, &request_id).await;
+    }
+    let Some(response_session) = execution.session_mut() else {
+        return ForwardOutcome::Disconnect;
+    };
+    let response_headers = response_session.response_headers().to_vec();
+    if let Err(error) = response_session.commit_downstream(None).await {
+        let error = gateway_error_from_engine(&error);
+        return send_gateway_error(socket, &error, &request_id).await;
+    }
+    if encoder.is_completed() {
+        if let Err(outcome) = confirm_completed_execution(socket, &mut execution, &request_id).await
+        {
+            return outcome;
+        }
+        commit_connection_replay(replay, &encoder, provider_state.take());
+        if !send_text(
+            socket,
+            response_metadata_event(&request_id, &response_headers),
+        )
+        .await
+            || !send_messages(socket, first_messages).await
+        {
+            return ForwardOutcome::Disconnect;
+        }
+        execution.disarm();
+        return ForwardOutcome::Continue;
+    }
+    if !send_text(
+        socket,
+        response_metadata_event(&request_id, &response_headers),
+    )
+    .await
+        || !send_messages(socket, first_messages).await
+    {
+        return ForwardOutcome::Disconnect;
+    }
+
+    loop {
+        match next_active_input(socket, &mut execution).await {
+            ActiveInput::Event(Ok(Some(delivery))) => {
+                let requirement = delivery.commit_requirement();
+                let mut events = delivery.into_provider_events();
+                if requirement != CommitRequirement::AlreadyCommitted {
+                    let error = GatewayError::new(
+                        GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                        "gateway requested another downstream commit",
+                    );
+                    return send_gateway_error(socket, &error, &request_id).await;
+                }
+                let mut messages = Vec::new();
+                for event in &mut events {
+                    if let Some(update) = event.take_session_update() {
+                        provider_state = Some(update);
+                    }
+                    messages.extend(encoder.push_websocket(event));
+                }
+                if encoder.is_completed() {
+                    if let Err(outcome) =
+                        confirm_completed_execution(socket, &mut execution, &request_id).await
+                    {
+                        return outcome;
+                    }
+                    commit_connection_replay(replay, &encoder, provider_state.take());
+                    if !send_messages(socket, messages).await {
+                        return ForwardOutcome::Disconnect;
+                    }
+                    execution.disarm();
+                    return ForwardOutcome::Continue;
+                }
+                if !send_messages(socket, messages).await {
+                    return ForwardOutcome::Disconnect;
+                }
+            }
+            ActiveInput::Event(Ok(None)) => {
+                if execution
+                    .session_mut()
+                    .is_some_and(|session| session.is_finalized())
+                {
+                    commit_connection_replay(replay, &encoder, provider_state.take());
+                    execution.disarm();
+                    return ForwardOutcome::Continue;
+                }
+                let error = GatewayError::new(
+                    GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                    "gateway response ended without finalizing the execution",
+                );
+                return send_gateway_error(socket, &error, &request_id).await;
+            }
+            ActiveInput::Event(Err(error)) => {
+                if encoder.has_wire_failure() {
+                    execution.disarm();
+                    return ForwardOutcome::Continue;
+                }
+                let error = gateway_error_from_engine(&error);
+                return send_gateway_error(socket, &error, &request_id).await;
+            }
+            ActiveInput::Control => {}
+            ActiveInput::Disconnect => return ForwardOutcome::Disconnect,
+            ActiveInput::ProtocolViolation => {
+                close_for_protocol_violation(socket, ACTIVE_RESPONSE_VIOLATION).await;
+                return ForwardOutcome::Disconnect;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn commit_connection_replay(
+    replay: &mut ConnectionReplaySnapshot,
+    encoder: &OpenAiResponsesEncoder,
+    provider_state: Option<ProviderSessionState>,
+) {
+    if let Some(response_id) = encoder.response_id() {
+        replay.commit(response_id.to_owned(), provider_state);
+    }
+}
+
+async fn confirm_completed_execution(
+    socket: &mut WebSocket,
+    execution: &mut PendingExecution,
+    request_id: &str,
+) -> Result<(), ForwardOutcome> {
+    loop {
+        match next_active_input(socket, execution).await {
+            ActiveInput::Event(Ok(None))
+                if execution
+                    .session_mut()
+                    .is_some_and(|session| session.is_finalized()) =>
+            {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            ActiveInput::Event(Ok(None)) => {
+                let error = GatewayError::new(
+                    GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                    "gateway response was not finalized after its terminal event",
+                );
+                return Err(send_gateway_error(socket, &error, request_id).await);
+            }
+            ActiveInput::Event(Ok(Some(_))) => {
+                let error = GatewayError::new(
+                    GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                    "gateway response continued after its terminal event",
+                );
+                return Err(send_gateway_error(socket, &error, request_id).await);
+            }
+            ActiveInput::Event(Err(error)) => {
+                let error = gateway_error_from_engine(&error);
+                return Err(send_gateway_error(socket, &error, request_id).await);
+            }
+            ActiveInput::Control => {}
+            ActiveInput::Disconnect => return Err(ForwardOutcome::Disconnect),
+            ActiveInput::ProtocolViolation => {
+                close_for_protocol_violation(socket, ACTIVE_RESPONSE_VIOLATION).await;
+                return Err(ForwardOutcome::Disconnect);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+enum ActiveInput {
+    Event(Result<Option<CoordinatedEvent>, EngineError>),
+    Control,
+    Disconnect,
+    ProtocolViolation,
+}
+
+async fn next_active_input(
+    socket: &mut WebSocket,
+    execution: &mut PendingExecution,
+) -> ActiveInput {
+    let Some(session) = execution.session_mut() else {
+        return ActiveInput::Disconnect;
+    };
+    tokio::select! {
+        event = session.next_event() => ActiveInput::Event(event),
+        message = socket.next() => match message {
+            Some(Ok(Message::Ping(_) | Message::Pong(_))) => ActiveInput::Control,
+            Some(Ok(Message::Close(_))) | None | Some(Err(_)) => ActiveInput::Disconnect,
+            Some(Ok(Message::Text(_) | Message::Binary(_))) => ActiveInput::ProtocolViolation,
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+/// 使用连接级请求头和 Provider 上下文解码官方 `response.create` 文本帧。
+///
+/// 缺省 `stream` 等价于 WebSocket 固有的流式语义；显式 `false` 会被拒绝。
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// 帧不是合法 JSON object、消息类型错误、显式关闭 stream，或 Responses 请求
+/// 无法映射到 canonical operation 时返回不包含正文内容的稳定错误。
+pub fn decode_response_create_with_context(
+    payload: &str,
+    request_headers: &OpenAiRequestHeaders,
+) -> Result<DecodedResponsesRequest, ResponseCreateFrameError> {
+    decode_response_create_inner(payload, request_headers)
+}
+
+fn decode_response_create_inner(
+    payload: &str,
+    request_headers: &OpenAiRequestHeaders,
+) -> Result<DecodedResponsesRequest, ResponseCreateFrameError> {
+    let Value::Object(mut body) = serde_json::from_str::<Value>(payload)
+        .map_err(|_| ResponseCreateFrameError::InvalidJson)?
+    else {
+        return Err(ResponseCreateFrameError::ExpectedObject);
+    };
+    match body.remove("type") {
+        Some(Value::String(message_type)) if message_type == "response.create" => {}
+        _ => return Err(ResponseCreateFrameError::UnsupportedType),
+    }
+    if matches!(body.get("stream"), Some(value) if value.as_bool() != Some(true)) {
+        return Err(ResponseCreateFrameError::StreamingRequired);
+    }
+    super::request::decode_request_object(body, false, request_headers)
+        .map_err(ResponseCreateFrameError::Request)
+}
+
+/// `response.create` 帧的稳定安全错误。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Error)]
+pub enum ResponseCreateFrameError {
+    /// 文本不是合法 JSON。
+    #[error("response.create frame must be valid JSON")]
+    InvalidJson,
+    /// 顶层不是 object。
+    #[error("response.create frame must be a JSON object")]
+    ExpectedObject,
+    /// `type` 缺失或不是 `response.create`。
+    #[error("unsupported Responses WebSocket message type")]
+    UnsupportedType,
+    /// WebSocket 请求显式声明 `stream=false`。
+    #[error("Responses WebSocket requests require stream=true")]
+    StreamingRequired,
+    /// 内层 Responses 请求无法映射到 canonical operation。
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Request(RequestDecodeError),
+}
+
+impl ResponseCreateFrameError {
+    fn protocol_body(&self) -> ProtocolErrorBody {
+        match self {
+            Self::Request(error) => error.protocol_body(),
+            Self::InvalidJson => RequestDecodeError::MalformedJson.protocol_body(),
+            Self::ExpectedObject => RequestDecodeError::ExpectedObject.protocol_body(),
+            Self::UnsupportedType => RequestDecodeError::InvalidValue {
+                field: "type".to_owned(),
+            }
+            .protocol_body(),
+            Self::StreamingRequired => RequestDecodeError::InvalidValue {
+                field: "stream".to_owned(),
+            }
+            .protocol_body(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn response_metadata_event(
+    request_id: &str,
+    response_headers: &[ProviderResponseHeader],
+) -> String {
+    let connection_options = super::response_connection_options(response_headers);
+    let mut headers = Map::new();
+    for header in response_headers {
+        if !super::response_header_is_forwardable(header.name(), &connection_options) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let Ok(name) = HeaderName::from_bytes(header.name().as_bytes()) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let Ok(value) = std::str::from_utf8(header.value()) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        // 官方 response.metadata 使用 string map，无法表达同名多值；后值保持既有覆盖语义。
+        headers.insert(name.as_str().to_owned(), Value::String(value.to_owned()));
+    }
+    headers
+        .entry("x-request-id".to_owned())
+        .or_insert_with(|| Value::String(request_id.to_owned()));
+    json!({
+        "type": "response.metadata",
+        "headers": headers,
+    })
+    .to_string()
+}
+
+async fn send_gateway_error(
+    socket: &mut WebSocket,
+    error: &GatewayError,
+    request_id: &str,
+) -> ForwardOutcome {
+    let (status, default_type, default_code) = gateway_error_contract(error.kind());
+    if send_error_event(
+        socket,
+        status,
+        error.client_error_type().unwrap_or(default_type),
+        error.client_error_code().unwrap_or(default_code),
+        error.client_message(),
+        None,
+        request_id,
+    )
+    .await
+    {
+        ForwardOutcome::Continue
+    } else {
+        ForwardOutcome::Disconnect
+    }
+}
+
+async fn send_protocol_error(
+    socket: &mut WebSocket,
+    status: StatusCode,
+    body: ProtocolErrorBody,
+    request_id: &str,
+) -> ForwardOutcome {
+    let error = body.error;
+    if send_error_event(
+        socket,
+        status,
+        error.kind,
+        error.code,
+        &error.message,
+        error.param.as_deref(),
+        request_id,
+    )
+    .await
+    {
+        ForwardOutcome::Continue
+    } else {
+        ForwardOutcome::Disconnect
+    }
+}
+
+async fn send_error_event(
+    socket: &mut WebSocket,
+    status: StatusCode,
+    error_type: &str,
+    code: &str,
+    message: &str,
+    param: Option<&str>,
+    request_id: &str,
+) -> bool {
+    let mut error = Map::new();
+    error.insert("type".to_owned(), Value::String(error_type.to_owned()));
+    error.insert("code".to_owned(), Value::String(code.to_owned()));
+    error.insert("message".to_owned(), Value::String(message.to_owned()));
+    if let Some(param) = param {
+        error.insert("param".to_owned(), Value::String(param.to_owned()));
+    }
+    send_text(
+        socket,
+        json!({
+            "type": "error",
+            "status": status.as_u16(),
+            "error": error,
+            "request_id": request_id,
+        })
+        .to_string(),
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
+async fn send_messages(socket: &mut WebSocket, messages: Vec<String>) -> bool {
+    for message in messages {
+        if !send_text(socket, message).await {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    true
+}
+
+async fn send_text(socket: &mut WebSocket, payload: String) -> bool {
+    if let Err(error) = socket.send(Message::Text(payload.into())).await {
+        tracing::info!(error = %error, "Responses WebSocket send failed");
+        return false;
+    }
+    true
+}
+
+async fn close_for_protocol_violation(socket: &mut WebSocket, reason: &'static str) {
+    let _ = socket
+        .send(Message::Close(Some(CloseFrame {
+            code: close_code::POLICY,
+            reason: reason.into(),
+        })))
+        .await;
+}
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! OpenAI 兼容 API 路由。
+//! OpenAI 客户端协议路由。

 use axum::{
    Router,
@@ -6,23 +6,24 @@ use axum::{
    routing::{get, post},
 };

-use crate::api::AppState;
-
 use super::{
    models::{model_catalog, model_detail, model_info, models},
    responses::{responses, responses_websocket, review_responses},
 };

-pub const MAX_CLIENT_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES: usize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+use crate::ApiState;

-/// 构造 OpenAI 兼容 API 路由。
-pub fn router() -> Router<AppState> {
+/// 构造 OpenAI 客户端协议路由。
+pub(crate) fn router() -> Router<ApiState> {
    Router::new()
        .route("/v1/responses", get(responses_websocket).post(responses))
        .route("/v1/responses/review", post(review_responses))
        .route("/v1/models", get(models))
        .route("/v1/models/catalog", get(model_catalog))
-        .route("/v1/models/{model_id}", get(model_detail))
        .route("/v1/models/{model_id}/info", get(model_info))
-        .layer(DefaultBodyLimit::max(MAX_CLIENT_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES))
+        // 官方 OpenAI 模型详情合同使用 path ID；它不属于 Admin API 约束。
+        .route("/v1/models/{model_id}", get(model_detail))
+        // Responses 正文属于 OpenAI/Codex 协议；代理不能用私有大小上限提前拒绝
+        // 上游本可接受的未来 payload。
+        .layer(DefaultBodyLimit::disable())
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+//! OpenAI wire adapter 到 Core 执行用例的唯一映射。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use gateway_core::engine::continuation::PreviousResponseId;
+use gateway_core::engine::execution::{
+    AuthenticatedClient, ClientAuthenticationError, ClientTransport, ExecutionRequestMetadata,
+    ExecutionService, StartExecution, StartedExecution,
+};
+use gateway_core::error::{GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind};
+use gateway_core::lifecycle::{ConnectionDraining, ConnectionGuard, ConnectionLifecycle};
+use gateway_core::routing::{PublicModelId, PublicModelProfile};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+use super::auth::ClientApiKeyAuthError;
+use super::responses::{ContinuationIntent, DecodedResponsesRequest};
+
+/// OpenAI HTTP/WS adapter 共享的 Core 与连接生命周期能力。
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct OpenAiService {
+    execution: Arc<dyn ExecutionService>,
+    lifecycle: Arc<dyn ConnectionLifecycle>,
+}
+
+impl OpenAiService {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) const fn new(
+        execution: Arc<dyn ExecutionService>,
+        lifecycle: Arc<dyn ConnectionLifecycle>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            execution,
+            lifecycle,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn authenticate(
+        &self,
+        plaintext: &str,
+    ) -> Result<AuthenticatedClient, ClientApiKeyAuthError> {
+        self.execution
+            .authenticate(plaintext)
+            .map_err(map_authentication_error)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn public_models(&self, client: &AuthenticatedClient) -> Vec<String> {
+        self.execution
+            .public_models(client)
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|model| model.as_str().to_owned())
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn public_model_profiles(
+        &self,
+        client: &AuthenticatedClient,
+    ) -> Vec<PublicModelProfile> {
+        self.execution.public_model_profiles(client)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn contains_public_model(
+        &self,
+        client: &AuthenticatedClient,
+        model: &PublicModelId,
+    ) -> bool {
+        self.execution.contains_public_model(client, model)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn start_response(
+        &self,
+        client: AuthenticatedClient,
+        request: DecodedResponsesRequest,
+        transport: ClientTransport,
+        endpoint: &'static str,
+    ) -> Result<StartedExecution, GatewayError> {
+        let (operation, metadata) = request.into_parts();
+        let public_model = PublicModelId::from_client_wire(metadata.public_model().to_owned())
+            .map_err(|_| {
+                GatewayError::new(
+                    GatewayErrorKind::ModelNotFound,
+                    "requested model was not found",
+                )
+            })?;
+        let previous_response_id = match metadata.continuation() {
+            ContinuationIntent::None => None,
+            ContinuationIntent::PreviousResponseId(value) => {
+                Some(PreviousResponseId::new(value.clone()))
+            }
+        };
+        self.execution
+            .start(StartExecution {
+                client,
+                public_model,
+                operation,
+                metadata: ExecutionRequestMetadata {
+                    protocol: "openai".to_owned(),
+                    endpoint: endpoint.to_owned(),
+                    transport,
+                    stream: metadata.stream(),
+                    client_ip: metadata.client_ip(),
+                    user_agent: metadata.user_agent().map(str::to_owned),
+                    previous_response_id,
+                },
+            })
+            .await
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn try_register_connection(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<Box<dyn ConnectionGuard>, ConnectionDraining> {
+        self.lifecycle.try_register()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn lifecycle(&self) -> Arc<dyn ConnectionLifecycle> {
+        Arc::clone(&self.lifecycle)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn next_request_id(&self) -> String {
+        format!("req_{}", Uuid::now_v7().simple())
+    }
+}
+
+const fn map_authentication_error(error: ClientAuthenticationError) -> ClientApiKeyAuthError {
+    match error {
+        ClientAuthenticationError::InvalidKey => ClientApiKeyAuthError::InvalidKey,
+        ClientAuthenticationError::SnapshotUnavailable => ClientApiKeyAuthError::RuntimeUnavailable,
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+use axum::{
+    Router,
+    body::{Body, to_bytes},
+    http::{Method, Request, StatusCode, header},
+};
+use gateway_api::admin::account_groups;
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+use super::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState, PRIMARY_GROUP_ID};
+
+const SESSION_COOKIE: &str = "cpr_admin_session=valid-session";
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn list_route_should_keep_camel_case_group_and_page_wire() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    let response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::GET,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups?page=1&pageSize=1&search=alpha&enabled=true",
+        None,
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let value = response_json(response).await;
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["page"]["page"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["page"]["pageSize"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["page"]["total"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["page"]["totalPages"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["configRevision"], 7);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["id"], PRIMARY_GROUP_ID);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["memberCount"], 2);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["providerCounts"]["openai"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["clientKeyCount"], 2);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["accountSummary"]["available"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["accountSummary"]["limited"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["accountSummary"]["total"], 2);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["capacity"]["usedSlots"], 0);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["capacity"]["totalSlots"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["usage"]["todayUsd"], "1.25");
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["usage"]["totalUsd"], "5.5");
+    assert!(value["data"]["items"][0].get("member_count").is_none());
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn create_route_should_create_an_empty_group() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    let response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/create",
+        Some(json!({
+            "name": "Gamma routing",
+            "description": "New traffic pool",
+            "color": "#a855f780"
+        })),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
+    let value = response_json(response).await;
+    assert!(
+        value["data"]["id"]
+            .as_str()
+            .is_some_and(|id| id.starts_with("grp_") && id.len() == 36)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["record"]["name"], "Gamma routing");
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["record"]["memberCount"], 0);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["record"]["color"], "#A855F780");
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["configRevision"], 8);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn update_route_should_replace_group_fields() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    let response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/update",
+        Some(json!({
+            "id": PRIMARY_GROUP_ID,
+            "name": "Renamed routing",
+            "description": null,
+            "color": "#F43F5ECC"
+        })),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let value = response_json(response).await;
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["record"]["name"], "Renamed routing");
+    assert!(value["data"]["record"]["description"].is_null());
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["record"]["color"], "#F43F5ECC");
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn enable_and_disable_routes_should_set_explicit_group_state() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    let disabled = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/disable",
+        Some(json!({ "id": PRIMARY_GROUP_ID })),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+    let enabled = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/enable",
+        Some(json!({ "id": PRIMARY_GROUP_ID })),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(disabled.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    assert!(
+        !response_json(disabled).await["data"]["record"]["enabled"]
+            .as_bool()
+            .expect("disabled flag")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(enabled.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    assert!(
+        response_json(enabled).await["data"]["record"]["enabled"]
+            .as_bool()
+            .expect("enabled flag")
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn delete_route_should_return_deleted_id_without_a_live_record() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    let response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/delete",
+        Some(json!({ "id": PRIMARY_GROUP_ID })),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let value = response_json(response).await;
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["id"], PRIMARY_GROUP_ID);
+    assert!(value["data"]["record"].is_null());
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn list_route_should_reject_unknown_and_invalid_pagination_fields() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    for uri in [
+        "/api/admin/account-groups?other=true",
+        "/api/admin/account-groups?page=0",
+        "/api/admin/account-groups?pageSize=0",
+        "/api/admin/account-groups?pageSize=201",
+    ] {
+        let response = request(router(&fixture), Method::GET, uri, None, true).await;
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "{uri}");
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn mutation_route_should_reject_unknown_json_fields() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    let response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/create",
+        Some(json!({
+            "name": "Unknown field",
+            "description": null,
+            "color": "#2563EBFF",
+            "providerKind": "openai"
+        })),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn create_route_should_reject_six_digit_color_without_alpha() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    let response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/create",
+        Some(json!({
+            "name": "Opaque legacy color",
+            "description": null,
+            "color": "#2563EB"
+        })),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn account_group_routes_should_require_admin_authentication() {
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    let get_response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::GET,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups",
+        None,
+        false,
+    )
+    .await;
+    let post_response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/create",
+        Some(json!({ "name": "Unauthorized", "description": null, "color": "#2563EBFF" })),
+        false,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(get_response.status(), StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
+    assert_eq!(post_response.status(), StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
+}
+
+async fn authenticated_fixture() -> AdminTestFixture {
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    fixture
+}
+
+fn router(fixture: &AdminTestFixture) -> Router {
+    account_groups::router::<AdminTestState>().with_state(fixture.state())
+}
+
+async fn request(
+    router: Router,
+    method: Method,
+    uri: &str,
+    body: Option<Value>,
+    authenticated: bool,
+) -> axum::response::Response {
+    let mut builder = Request::builder()
+        .method(method)
+        .uri(uri)
+        .header("x-request-id", "req_account_groups");
+    if authenticated {
+        builder = builder.header(header::COOKIE, SESSION_COOKIE);
+    }
+    let body = match body {
+        Some(value) => {
+            builder = builder.header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json");
+            Body::from(serde_json::to_vec(&value).expect("serialize request body"))
+        }
+        None => Body::empty(),
+    };
+    router
+        .oneshot(builder.body(body).expect("account group request"))
+        .await
+        .expect("account group response")
+}
+
+async fn response_json(response: axum::response::Response) -> Value {
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), 64 * 1024)
+        .await
+        .expect("account group response body");
+    serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("account group response JSON")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,573 @@
+mod query {
+    use gateway_admin::model::accounts::{AccountSortField, AccountStatus, SortDirection};
+    use gateway_api::admin::accounts::ListQuery;
+    use serde_json::json;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn account_query_should_parse_provider_status_and_sort_once() {
+        let query: ListQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "page": 3,
+            "pageSize": 20,
+            "provider": "xai",
+            "search": "  operator  ",
+            "status": "normal",
+            "sortBy": "lastUsedAt",
+            "sortDirection": "desc"
+        }))
+        .expect("deserialize account query");
+        let query = query.validate().expect("validate account query");
+        assert_eq!(query.page, 3);
+        assert_eq!(query.page_size.get(), 20);
+        assert!(matches!(
+            query.provider_kind,
+            Some(ref provider) if provider.as_str() == "xai"
+        ));
+        assert_eq!(query.search.as_deref(), Some("operator"));
+        assert_eq!(query.status, Some(AccountStatus::Normal));
+        assert_eq!(
+            query.sort.expect("sort").field,
+            AccountSortField::LastUsedAt
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            query.sort.expect("copy sort").direction,
+            SortDirection::Desc
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn account_query_should_parse_rate_limited_status() {
+        let query: ListQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "status": "rate_limited"
+        }))
+        .expect("deserialize account query");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            query.validate().expect("validate account query").status,
+            Some(AccountStatus::RateLimited)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn account_query_should_reject_unbounded_page_size() {
+        let query: ListQuery =
+            serde_json::from_value(json!({"pageSize": 201})).expect("deserialize account query");
+        assert_eq!(
+            query.validate().expect_err("reject page size").field(),
+            "pageSize"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn account_query_should_reject_incomplete_sort() {
+        let query: ListQuery =
+            serde_json::from_value(json!({"sortBy": "usage"})).expect("deserialize account query");
+        assert_eq!(query.validate().expect_err("reject sort").field(), "sort");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn account_query_should_reject_unknown_fields() {
+        assert!(serde_json::from_value::<ListQuery>(json!({"id": "cred_1"})).is_err());
+    }
+}
+
+mod batch_update {
+    use gateway_api::admin::accounts::{BatchUpdateAccountsRequest, UpdateAccountRequest};
+    use serde_json::json;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn batch_update_should_accept_complete_atomic_payload() {
+        let request: BatchUpdateAccountsRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "accountIds": ["acct_openai", "acct_xai"],
+            "enabled": false,
+            "concurrencyLimit": null,
+            "weight": 1,
+            "groupIds": ["grp_00000000000000000000000000000001"]
+        }))
+        .expect("deserialize batch update");
+
+        request.validate().expect("validate batch update");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn batch_update_should_reject_duplicate_or_invalid_account_ids() {
+        for account_ids in [
+            json!(["acct_same", "acct_same"]),
+            json!(["not-an-account"]),
+            json!([]),
+        ] {
+            let request: BatchUpdateAccountsRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+                "accountIds": account_ids,
+                "enabled": true,
+                "concurrencyLimit": 8,
+                "weight": 100,
+                "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .expect("deserialize invalid batch update");
+            assert_eq!(
+                request.validate().expect_err("reject account IDs").field(),
+                "accountIds"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn batch_update_should_require_enabled_and_reject_unknown_fields() {
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<BatchUpdateAccountsRequest>(json!({
+            "accountIds": ["acct_test"],
+            "concurrencyLimit": null,
+            "weight": 1,
+            "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<BatchUpdateAccountsRequest>(json!({
+                "accountIds": ["acct_test"],
+                "enabled": true,
+                "concurrencyLimit": null,
+                "weight": 1,
+                "groupIds": [],
+                "legacy": true
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn batch_update_should_reject_invalid_scheduling_bounds_and_missing_fields() {
+        for (concurrency_limit, weight, field) in [
+            (json!(0), json!(1), "concurrencyLimit"),
+            (json!(4294967296_u64), json!(1), "concurrencyLimit"),
+            (json!(null), json!(0), "weight"),
+            (json!(null), json!(101), "weight"),
+        ] {
+            let request: BatchUpdateAccountsRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+                "accountIds": ["acct_test"],
+                "enabled": true,
+                "concurrencyLimit": concurrency_limit,
+                "weight": weight,
+                "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .expect("deserialize invalid scheduling");
+            assert_eq!(
+                request.validate().expect_err("reject scheduling").field(),
+                field
+            );
+        }
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<BatchUpdateAccountsRequest>(json!({
+                "accountIds": ["acct_test"],
+                "enabled": true,
+                "weight": 1,
+                "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<BatchUpdateAccountsRequest>(json!({
+                "accountIds": ["acct_test"],
+                "enabled": true,
+                "concurrencyLimit": null,
+                "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn single_update_should_require_the_same_complete_scheduling_contract() {
+        let request: UpdateAccountRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "accountId": "acct_test",
+            "enabled": true,
+            "concurrencyLimit": 4294967295_u64,
+            "weight": 100,
+            "groupIds": []
+        }))
+        .expect("deserialize single update");
+        request.validate().expect("validate single update");
+
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<UpdateAccountRequest>(json!({
+                "accountId": "acct_test",
+                "enabled": true,
+                "weight": 1,
+                "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+mod response {
+    use gateway_api::admin::accounts::AccountUsageView;
+    use gateway_api::admin::presenter::format_decimal_currency;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn account_usage_view_should_keep_unobserved_numbers_null() {
+        let view = AccountUsageView {
+            request_count: None,
+            request_count_display: "-".to_owned(),
+            input_tokens: None,
+            input_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
+            output_tokens: None,
+            output_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
+            cached_tokens: None,
+            cached_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
+            image_input_tokens: None,
+            image_input_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
+            image_output_tokens: None,
+            image_output_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
+            image_request_count: None,
+            image_request_count_display: "-".to_owned(),
+            image_request_failed_count: None,
+            image_request_failed_count_display: "-".to_owned(),
+            total_tokens: None,
+            total_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
+            created_tokens: None,
+            created_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
+            read_tokens: None,
+            read_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
+            last_used_at: None,
+            last_used_at_display: "-".to_owned(),
+            cost_estimate_status: "unknown".to_owned(),
+            known_cost_count: None,
+            partial_cost_count: None,
+            unknown_cost_count: None,
+            costs: Vec::new(),
+            models: Vec::new(),
+        };
+        let value = serde_json::to_value(view).expect("serialize account usage");
+        assert!(value["inputTokens"].is_null());
+        assert!(value["totalTokens"].is_null());
+        assert_eq!(value["createdTokensDisplay"], "-");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn account_usage_currency_should_limit_usd_to_four_fraction_digits() {
+        assert_eq!(format_decimal_currency("0.1204956", "USD"), "$0.1205");
+        assert_eq!(format_decimal_currency("0.99996", "USD"), "$1.00");
+        assert_eq!(format_decimal_currency("0.0300", "USD"), "$0.03");
+        assert_eq!(format_decimal_currency("12.3456", "USD"), "$12.35");
+        assert_eq!(format_decimal_currency("0.1204956", "CNY"), "CNY 0.1204956");
+    }
+}
+
+mod actions {
+    use base64::Engine as _;
+    use gateway_admin::model::{
+        Revision,
+        accounts::AccountConnectionTestEvent as DomainConnectionTestEvent,
+        provider_credentials::{
+            CredentialDeletionResult, CredentialImportResult, CredentialMutationResult,
+        },
+    };
+    use gateway_api::admin::accounts::{
+        AccountActionRequest, AccountConnectionTestEvent, AccountDeletionData,
+        AccountDeletionRequest, AccountExportData, AccountExportQuery, AccountIdQuery,
+        AccountImportData, AccountImportRequest, AccountMutationData, AccountRefreshRequest,
+        AccountTestQuery, CompleteAccountAuthorizationRequest, RotateAccountRequest,
+        StartAccountAuthorizationRequest,
+    };
+    use gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId;
+    use serde_json::json;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn export_should_require_explicit_unique_ids_and_confirmation() {
+        let valid: AccountExportQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "accountIds": "acct_1,acct_2",
+            "confirm": "export_sensitive_accounts"
+        }))
+        .expect("decode export query");
+        assert_eq!(
+            valid
+                .into_ids()
+                .expect("valid export")
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|id| id.to_string())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            ["acct_1".to_owned(), "acct_2".to_owned()]
+        );
+
+        for query in [
+            json!({ "accountIds": "", "confirm": "export_sensitive_accounts" }),
+            json!({ "accountIds": "acct_1,acct_1", "confirm": "export_sensitive_accounts" }),
+            json!({ "accountIds": "acct_1", "confirm": "yes" }),
+        ] {
+            assert!(
+                serde_json::from_value::<AccountExportQuery>(query)
+                    .expect("decode invalid export query")
+                    .into_ids()
+                    .is_err()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn account_actions_should_require_frozen_account_ids_and_reject_unknown_revision() {
+        let id: AccountIdQuery =
+            serde_json::from_value(json!({ "accountId": "acct_1" })).expect("decode ID query");
+        assert!(id.validate().is_ok());
+        let action: AccountActionRequest =
+            serde_json::from_value(json!({ "accountId": "legacy-id" })).expect("decode action");
+        assert_eq!(action.validate().unwrap_err().field(), "accountId");
+        let refresh: AccountRefreshRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "accountId": "acct_1"
+        }))
+        .expect("decode refresh");
+        assert!(refresh.validate().is_ok());
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<AccountRefreshRequest>(json!({
+                "accountId": "acct_1",
+                "expectedConfigRevision": 0
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn credential_recovery_requests_should_not_accept_client_revision_fences() {
+        let authorization: StartAccountAuthorizationRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "provider": "openai",
+            "name": "reauthorize",
+            "accountId": "acct_1"
+        }))
+        .expect("decode reauthorization");
+        assert!(authorization.validate().is_ok());
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<StartAccountAuthorizationRequest>(json!({
+                "provider": "openai",
+                "name": "reauthorize",
+                "accountId": "acct_1",
+                "expectedCredentialRevision": 1
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+
+        let rotation: RotateAccountRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "provider": "openai",
+            "accountId": "acct_1",
+            "accessToken": "header.payload.signature",
+            "refreshToken": "refresh-token",
+            "idToken": "id-header.id-payload.id-signature"
+        }))
+        .expect("decode rotation");
+        assert!(rotation.validate().is_ok());
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<RotateAccountRequest>(json!({
+                "provider": "openai",
+                "accountId": "acct_1",
+                "expectedCredentialRevision": 1,
+                "accessToken": "header.payload.signature"
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn credential_mutation_response_should_not_expose_internal_revision() {
+        let response = AccountMutationData::from(CredentialMutationResult {
+            config_revision: Revision::new(8).expect("config revision"),
+            account_id: ProviderAccountId::new("acct_1").expect("account ID"),
+            credential_revision: Some(Revision::new(9).expect("credential revision")),
+        });
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            serde_json::to_value(response).expect("serialize credential mutation"),
+            json!({ "accountId": "acct_1" })
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn account_import_should_use_provider_and_opaque_data_fields() {
+        let valid: AccountImportRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "provider": "openai",
+            "data": {
+                "providerOwnedUnknownField": {"nested": [1, 2, 3]},
+                "accounts": [{"credentials": {"access_token": "provider-validates-this"}}]
+            }
+        }))
+        .expect("decode account import");
+        assert!(valid.validate().is_ok());
+
+        let invalid: AccountImportRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "provider": "xai",
+            "data": []
+        }))
+        .expect("decode invalid account import");
+        assert_eq!(invalid.validate().unwrap_err().field(), "data");
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<AccountImportRequest>(json!({
+                "provider": "openai",
+                "document": {}
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<AccountImportRequest>(json!({
+                "provider": "openai",
+                "expectedConfigRevision": 7,
+                "data": {}
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<AccountImportRequest>(json!({
+                "provider": "openai",
+                "data": {},
+                "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn oauth_complete_should_not_accept_group_assignment() {
+        let flow_id = base64::engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode([7_u8; 32]);
+        let request: CompleteAccountAuthorizationRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "provider": "openai",
+            "flowId": flow_id,
+            "callbackUrl": "http://localhost/callback?code=ok"
+        }))
+        .expect("decode OAuth completion");
+        assert!(request.validate().is_ok());
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<CompleteAccountAuthorizationRequest>(json!({
+                "provider": "xai",
+                "flowId": "flow_test",
+                "callbackUrl": "http://localhost/callback?code=ok",
+                "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn account_deletion_should_validate_one_provider_batch_and_emit_account_ids() {
+        let request: AccountDeletionRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "provider": "xai",
+            "accountIds": ["acct_1", "acct_2"]
+        }))
+        .expect("decode account deletion");
+        assert!(request.validate().is_ok());
+
+        let duplicate: AccountDeletionRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "provider": "xai",
+            "accountIds": ["acct_1", "acct_1"]
+        }))
+        .expect("decode duplicate account deletion");
+        assert_eq!(duplicate.validate().unwrap_err().field(), "accountIds");
+
+        let response = AccountDeletionData::from(CredentialDeletionResult {
+            config_revision: Revision::new(9).expect("revision"),
+            account_ids: vec![
+                ProviderAccountId::new("acct_1").expect("account ID"),
+                ProviderAccountId::new("acct_2").expect("account ID"),
+            ],
+        });
+        assert_eq!(
+            serde_json::to_value(response).expect("serialize account deletion"),
+            json!({
+                "deletedCount": 2,
+                "accountIds": ["acct_1", "acct_2"]
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn account_import_response_should_emit_account_ids() {
+        let response = AccountImportData::from_result(CredentialImportResult {
+            config_revision: Revision::new(8).expect("revision"),
+            credential_ids: vec![ProviderAccountId::new("acct_imported").expect("account ID")],
+        });
+        assert_eq!(
+            serde_json::to_value(response).expect("serialize account import"),
+            json!({
+                "importedCount": 1,
+                "accountIds": ["acct_imported"]
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn connection_test_should_require_model_in_query() {
+        let query: AccountTestQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "accountId": "acct_1",
+            "modelId": " "
+        }))
+        .expect("decode connection test query");
+        assert_eq!(query.validate().unwrap_err().field(), "modelId");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn connection_test_events_should_preserve_the_existing_frontend_contract() {
+        let events = [
+            DomainConnectionTestEvent::Started {
+                model: "grok-4.5".to_owned(),
+            },
+            DomainConnectionTestEvent::Request {
+                model: "grok-4.5".to_owned(),
+                input_text: "Reply with exactly OK.".to_owned(),
+                stream: true,
+                store: false,
+            },
+            DomainConnectionTestEvent::Content {
+                text: "OK".to_owned(),
+            },
+            DomainConnectionTestEvent::Completed {},
+            DomainConnectionTestEvent::Failed {
+                message: "upstream unavailable".to_owned(),
+                provider_error_code: Some("usage_exhausted".to_owned()),
+                provider_error_type: Some("invalid_request_error".to_owned()),
+                upstream_status: Some(429),
+                upstream_content_type: Some("application/json".to_owned()),
+                upstream_body: Some(r#"{"error":{"type":"usage_limit_reached"}}"#.to_owned()),
+            },
+        ]
+        .map(|event| AccountConnectionTestEvent::from(event).data);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            events,
+            [
+                json!({ "type": "test_start", "model": "grok-4.5", "text": "正在连接上游 Responses" }),
+                json!({
+                    "type": "request",
+                    "payload": {
+                        "model": "grok-4.5",
+                        "input": [{
+                            "role": "user",
+                            "content": [{
+                                "type": "input_text",
+                                "text": "Reply with exactly OK."
+                            }]
+                        }],
+                        "stream": true,
+                        "store": false
+                    }
+                }),
+                json!({ "type": "content", "text": "OK" }),
+                json!({ "type": "test_complete", "success": true }),
+                json!({
+                    "type": "error",
+                    "error": "upstream unavailable",
+                    "providerErrorCode": "usage_exhausted",
+                    "providerErrorType": "invalid_request_error",
+                    "upstreamStatus": 429,
+                    "upstreamContentType": "application/json",
+                    "upstreamBody": r#"{"error":{"type":"usage_limit_reached"}}"#
+                }),
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn provider_export_document_should_serialize_but_never_debug_secret() {
+        let secret = "provider-refresh-token-must-not-enter-debug";
+        let document = AccountExportData::new(json!({ "refresh_token": secret }));
+        assert!(!format!("{document:?}").contains(secret));
+        assert_eq!(
+            serde_json::to_value(document).expect("serialize export"),
+            json!({ "refresh_token": secret })
+        );
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+use gateway_admin::model::auth::{LoginCommand, LoginError};
+use gateway_api::admin::auth::{
+    AdminLoginData, AdminLoginRequest, AdminLogoutData, AdminSessionStatusData,
+};
+use serde_json::json;
+
+use super::AdminTestFixture;
+
+#[test]
+fn login_request_should_deny_unknown_fields_and_redact_password_debug() {
+    let password = "admin-password-must-not-leak";
+    let request = serde_json::from_value::<AdminLoginRequest>(json!({
+        "username": "admin@example.invalid",
+        "password": password
+    }))
+    .expect("deserialize login request");
+
+    assert!(!format!("{request:?}").contains(password));
+    let (username, parsed_password) = request.into_parts();
+    assert_eq!(username.as_deref(), Some("admin@example.invalid"));
+    assert_eq!(parsed_password, password);
+    assert!(
+        serde_json::from_value::<AdminLoginRequest>(json!({
+            "password": password,
+            "rememberMe": true
+        }))
+        .is_err()
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn auth_responses_should_keep_stable_wire_shapes() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::to_value(AdminLoginData::new("2026-07-18T08:00:00+08:00".to_owned()))
+            .expect("serialize login"),
+        json!({ "expiresAt": "2026-07-18T08:00:00+08:00" })
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::to_value(AdminSessionStatusData::new(true)).expect("serialize status"),
+        json!({ "authenticated": true })
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::to_value(AdminLogoutData::new()).expect("serialize logout"),
+        json!({ "message": "Logged out successfully" })
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn default_auth_service_should_initialize_login_validate_and_logout() {
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    let service = fixture.services.auth();
+    let session = service
+        .login(LoginCommand {
+            username: Some("admin_1".to_owned()),
+            password: "strong-admin-password".to_owned(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("login succeeds");
+    assert!(
+        service
+            .validate_session(Some(&session.session_id))
+            .await
+            .expect("validate session")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        service
+            .resolve_admin_user_id(Some(&session.session_id))
+            .await
+            .expect("resolve session")
+            .as_deref(),
+        Some("admin_1")
+    );
+    service
+        .logout(&session.session_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("logout session");
+    assert!(
+        !service
+            .validate_session(Some(&session.session_id))
+            .await
+            .expect("validate logged-out session")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(fixture.auth.audit_count(), 2);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn default_auth_service_should_verify_only_full_plaintext_admin_key() {
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    let key = format!("admin-{}", "a".repeat(64));
+    fixture.auth.set_api_key(&key);
+
+    assert!(
+        fixture
+            .services
+            .auth()
+            .verify_admin_api_key(&key)
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+    );
+    assert!(
+        !fixture
+            .services
+            .auth()
+            .verify_admin_api_key("admin-short")
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+    );
+    assert!(
+        !fixture
+            .services
+            .auth()
+            .verify_admin_api_key(&format!("admin-{}", "b".repeat(64)))
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn audit_failure_should_revoke_new_session_before_returning_it() {
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.fail_audit(true);
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        fixture
+            .services
+            .auth()
+            .login(LoginCommand {
+                username: None,
+                password: "strong-admin-password".to_owned(),
+            })
+            .await
+            .expect_err("audit failure rejects login"),
+        LoginError::Unavailable
+    );
+    assert_eq!(fixture.auth.session_count(), 0);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+use chrono::{DateTime, TimeZone as _, Utc};
+use gateway_api::admin::client_keys::{
+    self, ClientKeyCursorData, ClientKeyCursorValue, ClientKeyListData, ClientKeyMutationRequest,
+    ClientKeySort, ClientKeySortDirection, ClientKeySortField, ClientKeyView,
+    CreateClientKeyRequest, CreatedClientKeyData, ListClientKeysQuery, MutatedClientKeyData,
+    RevealedClientKeyData, UpdateClientKeyRequest, decode_client_key_cursor,
+    encode_client_key_cursor,
+};
+use serde_json::json;
+
+use super::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState};
+
+#[test]
+fn client_key_queries_should_reject_unknown_zero_and_oversized_fields() {
+    let unknown = serde_json::from_value::<ListClientKeysQuery>(json!({ "other": true }));
+    let zero = serde_json::from_value::<ListClientKeysQuery>(json!({ "limit": 0 }))
+        .expect("deserialize zero limit");
+    let oversized = serde_json::from_value::<ListClientKeysQuery>(json!({
+        "cursor": "a".repeat(513)
+    }))
+    .expect("deserialize oversized cursor");
+    let oversized_search = serde_json::from_value::<ListClientKeysQuery>(json!({
+        "search": "a".repeat(257)
+    }))
+    .expect("deserialize oversized search");
+    let secret_search = serde_json::from_value::<ListClientKeysQuery>(json!({
+        "search": format!("sk_{}", "a".repeat(43))
+    }))
+    .expect("deserialize secret search");
+    let invalid_sort = serde_json::from_value::<ListClientKeysQuery>(json!({
+        "sortBy": "plaintextKey",
+        "sortDirection": "asc"
+    }))
+    .expect("deserialize invalid sort");
+
+    assert!(unknown.is_err());
+    assert_eq!(
+        zero.into_command().expect_err("reject zero limit").field(),
+        "limit"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        oversized
+            .into_command()
+            .expect_err("reject oversized cursor")
+            .field(),
+        "cursor"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        oversized_search
+            .into_command()
+            .expect_err("reject oversized search")
+            .field(),
+        "search"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        secret_search
+            .into_command()
+            .expect_err("reject full key in search")
+            .field(),
+        "search"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        invalid_sort
+            .into_command()
+            .expect_err("reject invalid sort")
+            .field(),
+        "sortBy"
+    );
+    let sorted = serde_json::from_value::<ListClientKeysQuery>(json!({
+        "sortBy": "lastUsedAt",
+        "sortDirection": "asc"
+    }))
+    .expect("deserialize valid sort")
+    .into_command()
+    .expect("validate sort");
+    assert_eq!(
+        sorted.sort.field,
+        gateway_admin::model::client_keys::ClientKeySortField::LastUsedAt,
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        sorted.sort.direction,
+        gateway_admin::model::client_keys::SortDirection::Asc,
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::from_value::<ListClientKeysQuery>(json!({ "search": "  " }))
+            .expect("deserialize blank search")
+            .into_command()
+            .expect("normalize blank search")
+            .search,
+        None
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::from_value::<ListClientKeysQuery>(json!({ "limit": u16::MAX }))
+            .expect("deserialize maximum u16 page size")
+            .into_command()
+            .expect("accept maximum u16 page size")
+            .page_size
+            .get(),
+        u16::MAX
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn client_key_mutations_should_validate_text_limits_and_unknown_fields() {
+    let valid = serde_json::from_value::<CreateClientKeyRequest>(json!({
+        "name": "terminal key",
+        "label": "production",
+        "groupIds": [],
+        "maxConcurrency": 2,
+        "requestsPerMinute": 60
+    }))
+    .expect("deserialize create")
+    .into_command()
+    .expect("validate create");
+    assert_eq!(valid.name, "terminal key");
+
+    for (payload, field) in [
+        (
+            json!({
+                "name": " ",
+                "groupIds": [],
+                "maxConcurrency": 0,
+                "requestsPerMinute": 0
+            }),
+            "name",
+        ),
+        (
+            json!({
+                "name": "key",
+                "groupIds": [],
+                "maxConcurrency": u64::MAX,
+                "requestsPerMinute": 0
+            }),
+            "maxConcurrency",
+        ),
+    ] {
+        let request = serde_json::from_value::<CreateClientKeyRequest>(payload)
+            .expect("deserialize invalid create shape");
+        assert_eq!(
+            request
+                .into_command()
+                .expect_err("reject invalid create")
+                .field(),
+            field
+        );
+    }
+
+    assert!(
+        serde_json::from_value::<UpdateClientKeyRequest>(json!({
+            "id": "key_1",
+            "expectedConfigRevision": 1,
+            "name": "key",
+            "groupIds": [],
+            "maxConcurrency": 0,
+            "requestsPerMinute": 0,
+            "tokensPerMinute": 0
+        }))
+        .is_err()
+    );
+    assert!(
+        serde_json::from_value::<CreateClientKeyRequest>(json!({
+            "expectedConfigRevision": 7,
+            "name": "terminal key",
+            "groupIds": [],
+            "maxConcurrency": 2,
+            "requestsPerMinute": 60
+        }))
+        .is_err()
+    );
+    let mutation_id = serde_json::from_value::<ClientKeyMutationRequest>(json!({
+        "id": "key_1"
+    }))
+    .expect("deserialize mutation")
+    .into_id()
+    .expect("validate mutation");
+    assert_eq!(mutation_id, "key_1");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn client_key_cursor_should_round_trip_and_reject_noncanonical_input() {
+    let created_at = Utc
+        .with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 7, 18, 8, 0, 0)
+        .single()
+        .expect("valid time");
+    let cursor = ClientKeyCursorData {
+        sort: ClientKeySort {
+            field: ClientKeySortField::CreatedAt,
+            direction: ClientKeySortDirection::Desc,
+        },
+        value: ClientKeyCursorValue::CreatedAt(created_at),
+        id: "key_cursor".to_owned(),
+    };
+    let encoded = encode_client_key_cursor(&cursor).expect("encode cursor");
+    let decoded = decode_client_key_cursor(&encoded).expect("decode cursor");
+
+    assert_eq!(decoded, cursor);
+    assert!(!encoded.contains("key_cursor"));
+    for invalid in ["", "not-base64!", "e30"] {
+        assert!(decode_client_key_cursor(invalid).is_err());
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn client_key_responses_should_keep_shape_and_redact_creation_debug() {
+    let created_at = Utc
+        .with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 7, 18, 8, 0, 0)
+        .single()
+        .expect("valid time");
+    let view = ClientKeyView::from(gateway_admin::model::client_keys::ClientKeyRecord {
+        id: gateway_core::policy::ClientApiKeyId::new("key_visible").expect("Client Key ID"),
+        name: "visible".to_owned(),
+        label: None,
+        groups: Vec::new(),
+        provider_kinds: vec![
+            gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("Provider kind"),
+        ],
+        prefix: "sk_visible12".to_owned(),
+        enabled: true,
+        limits: gateway_core::policy::RateLimits {
+            max_concurrency: 2,
+            requests_per_minute: 60,
+        },
+        created_at,
+        updated_at: created_at,
+        last_used_at: Some(created_at),
+    });
+    let list =
+        serde_json::to_value(ClientKeyListData::new(vec![view], None, 1)).expect("serialize list");
+    assert!(list.get("configRevision").is_none());
+    assert_eq!(list["total"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(list["items"][0]["id"], "key_visible");
+    assert_eq!(
+        list["items"][0]["providerKinds"],
+        serde_json::json!(["openai"])
+    );
+    assert_eq!(list["items"][0]["routingScope"], "all");
+    assert_eq!(list["items"][0]["maxConcurrency"], 2);
+    assert_eq!(list["items"][0]["requestsPerMinute"], 60);
+    assert!(list["items"][0].get("tokensPerMinute").is_none());
+    assert!(list["items"][0].get("policyJson").is_none());
+    assert_eq!(
+        DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(
+            list["items"][0]["lastUsedAt"]
+                .as_str()
+                .expect("serialized last-used timestamp")
+        )
+        .expect("parse serialized last-used timestamp"),
+        created_at.fixed_offset()
+    );
+    assert!(list["items"][0].get("plaintextKey").is_none());
+
+    let plaintext = format!("sk_{}", "a".repeat(43));
+    let created = CreatedClientKeyData::new(
+        "key_created".to_owned(),
+        "sk_aaaaaaaaa".to_owned(),
+        plaintext.clone(),
+    );
+    assert!(!format!("{created:?}").contains(&plaintext));
+    let value = serde_json::to_value(created).expect("serialize created key");
+    assert_eq!(value["plaintextKey"], plaintext);
+    let revealed = RevealedClientKeyData::new("key_created".to_owned(), plaintext.clone());
+    assert!(!format!("{revealed:?}").contains(&plaintext));
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::to_value(revealed).expect("serialize revealed key"),
+        json!({ "id": "key_created", "plaintextKey": plaintext })
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::to_value(MutatedClientKeyData::new("key_created".to_owned()))
+            .expect("serialize mutation"),
+        json!({ "id": "key_created" })
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn reveal_route_should_use_query_id_and_no_store_response() {
+    use axum::{
+        body::{Body, to_bytes},
+        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
+    };
+    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    let response = client_keys::router::<AdminTestState>()
+        .with_state(fixture.state())
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/api/admin/client-keys/reveal?id=key_1")
+                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+                .header("x-request-id", "req_reveal")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("reveal request"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("reveal response");
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    assert_eq!(
+        response
+            .headers()
+            .get(header::CACHE_CONTROL)
+            .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok()),
+        Some("no-store")
+    );
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), 4096)
+        .await
+        .expect("reveal body");
+    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("reveal JSON");
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["id"], "key_1");
+    assert_eq!(
+        value["data"]["plaintextKey"],
+        format!("sk_{}", "a".repeat(43))
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn list_route_should_accept_the_full_nonzero_u16_page_size() {
+    use axum::{
+        body::Body,
+        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
+    };
+    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    let response = client_keys::router::<AdminTestState>()
+        .with_state(fixture.state())
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/api/admin/client-keys?limit=65535")
+                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+                .header("x-request-id", "req_client_keys_max_page")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("client key list request"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("client key list response");
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More