chore: bump version to 3.0.29

Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>
fix(openai): reconcile exhausted account quotas
2026-11-07 08:05:32 +00:00 · 2026-07-30 04:03:58 +08:00 · 2026-07-30 04:03:04 +08:00 · 2026-07-30 03:10:35 +08:00 · 2026-07-30 02:26:35 +08:00 · 2026-07-30 02:22:23 +08:00
389 changed files with 31607 additions and 9666 deletions
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
          } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"

      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:
          ${{ hashFiles('trivy-results.sarif') != '' &&
              (github.event_name != 'pull_request' ||
               github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository) }}
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@7188fc363630916deb702c7fdcf4e481b751f97a # v4.37.1
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@e4fba868fa4b1b91e1fdab776edc8cfbe6e9fb81 # v4.37.3
        with:
          sarif_file: trivy-results.sarif
          category: runtime-container
@@ -61,9 +61,44 @@ jobs:
          --health-retries 10
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}
+          # PR 场景需要 base 提交做冻结清单的 append-only 比对。
+          fetch-depth: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && 0 || 1 }}
+
+      # 已应用迁移的字节被 sqlx 启动校验钉死：改动已发布迁移会让所有
+      # 存量部署重启即失败。冻结清单保证旧文件不被改、新文件必须入册。
+      - name: Migration freeze check
+        working-directory: backend/migrations
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          BASE_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          sha256sum --check --strict .frozen-sha256
+          for file in *.sql; do
+            if ! awk '{print $2}' .frozen-sha256 | grep -Fxq "$file"; then
+              echo "::error file=backend/migrations/$file::migration $file is not frozen; append its sha256 to backend/migrations/.frozen-sha256"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          done
+          # 清单自证不足以防「改迁移 + 同 PR 刷新清单行」：校验对新哈希通过。
+          # 对 PR，断言 .frozen-sha256 相对 base 只增不改——base 里的每一行
+          # 必须原样保留（改哈希＝删行，删迁移＝删行，都会被挡）。
+          if [ -n "${BASE_SHA:-}" ]; then
+            base_manifest="$(git show "${BASE_SHA}:backend/migrations/.frozen-sha256" 2>/dev/null || true)"
+            if [ -n "$base_manifest" ]; then
+              while IFS= read -r line; do
+                [ -z "$line" ] && continue
+                if ! grep -Fxq "$line" .frozen-sha256; then
+                  file="$(printf '%s' "$line" | awk '{print $2}')"
+                  echo "::error file=backend/migrations/.frozen-sha256::frozen migration $file was modified or removed; released migrations are append-only — add a new numbered migration instead"
+                  exit 1
+                fi
+              done <<< "$base_manifest"
+            fi
+          fi

      - name: Setup Rust
        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1a3a6d54512beeaffd394f8d516ca16f2c506a20 # 1.97
@@ -117,7 +152,7 @@ jobs:
      CI: 'true'
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}

@@ -156,7 +191,7 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 5
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
      container: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.container }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
          fetch-depth: 0
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ jobs:
    outputs:
      tag: ${{ steps.version.outputs.tag }}
      version: ${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
+      docker_version: ${{ steps.version.outputs.docker_version }}
      build_time: ${{ steps.version.outputs.build_time }}
      git_sha: ${{ steps.version.outputs.git_sha }}
      platform_matrix: ${{ steps.version.outputs.platform_matrix }}
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.tag || github.ref }}
          fetch-depth: 0
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ jobs:
              require_string(platform, key, "#{platforms_path}: platforms[#{index}]")
            end
            archive = platform["archive"]
-            fail("#{platforms_path}: platforms[#{index}].archive must be tar.gz or zip") unless ["tar.gz", "zip"].include?(archive)
+            fail("#{platforms_path}: platforms[#{index}].archive must be tar.gz") unless archive == "tar.gz"
            platform_key = "#{platform["os"]}-#{platform["arch"]}"
            fail("#{platforms_path}: duplicate platform #{platform_key}") if seen_platforms[platform_key]
            seen_platforms[platform_key] = true
@@ -146,6 +147,8 @@ jobs:

          puts "tag=#{release_tag}"
          puts "version=#{version}"
+          # Docker tags forbid "+", so semver build metadata maps to "-" in image tags.
+          puts "docker_version=#{version.tr("+", "-")}"
          puts "build_time=#{Time.now.utc.iso8601}"
          puts "git_sha=#{git_sha.strip}"
          puts "platform_matrix=#{matrix}"
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.git_sha }}

@@ -234,7 +237,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.git_sha }}

@@ -286,7 +289,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.git_sha }}

@@ -321,7 +324,6 @@ jobs:
          import pathlib
          import shutil
          import tarfile
-          import zipfile

          APP_NAME = "codex-proxy-rs"

@@ -357,8 +359,7 @@ jobs:

              binary_dest = package_root / platform["binary"]
              shutil.copy2(binary_src, binary_dest)
-              if platform["os"] != "windows":
-                  binary_dest.chmod(0o755)
+              binary_dest.chmod(0o755)
              shutil.copytree(frontend_dir, web_dist, dirs_exist_ok=True)

              archive_name = f"{APP_NAME}_{version}_{platform['os']}_{platform['arch']}.{platform['archive']}"
@@ -366,11 +367,6 @@ jobs:
              if platform["archive"] == "tar.gz":
                  with tarfile.open(archive_path, "w:gz") as archive:
                      archive.add(package_root, arcname=APP_NAME)
-              elif platform["archive"] == "zip":
-                  with zipfile.ZipFile(archive_path, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as archive:
-                      for path in sorted(package_root.rglob("*")):
-                          if path.is_file():
-                              archive.write(path, path.relative_to(package_dir))
              else:
                  raise SystemExit(f"Unsupported archive format: {platform['archive']}")
              archives.append(archive_path)
@@ -412,7 +408,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.git_sha }}

@@ -458,7 +454,7 @@ jobs:
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@bb05f3f5519dd87d3ba754cc423b652a5edd6d2c # v4.2.0

      - name: Login to GHCR
-        uses: docker/login-action@af1e73f918a031802d376d3c8bbc3fe56130a9b0 # v4.4.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@abd2ef45e78c5afb21d64d4ca52ee8550d9572c7 # v4.5.1
        with:
          registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
          username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -512,7 +508,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.git_sha }}

@@ -529,7 +525,7 @@ jobs:
        uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@6f9f17788090df1f26f669e9d70d6ae9567deba6 # v4.1.2

      - name: Login to GHCR
-        uses: docker/login-action@af1e73f918a031802d376d3c8bbc3fe56130a9b0 # v4.4.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@abd2ef45e78c5afb21d64d4ca52ee8550d9572c7 # v4.5.1
        with:
          registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
          username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -539,7 +535,7 @@ jobs:
        id: manifest
        shell: bash
        env:
-          VERSION: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.version }}
+          DOCKER_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.docker_version }}
          GIT_SHA: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.git_sha }}
          DOCKER_PLATFORMS: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.docker_platforms }}
          PRERELEASE: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.prerelease }}
@@ -562,7 +558,7 @@ jobs:
          fi

          target_args=(
-            -t "${image}:${VERSION}"
+            -t "${image}:${DOCKER_VERSION}"
            -t "${image}:sha-${GIT_SHA}"
          )
          if [ "$PRERELEASE" != true ]; then
@@ -570,7 +566,7 @@ jobs:
          fi
          docker buildx imagetools create "${target_args[@]}" "${sources[@]}"

-          inspect_output="$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "${image}:${VERSION}")"
+          inspect_output="$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "${image}:${DOCKER_VERSION}")"
          platform_list="$(awk '$1 == "Platform:" { print $2 }' <<< "${inspect_output}")"
          for platform in "${platforms[@]}"; do
            if ! grep -Eq "^${platform}(/|$)" <<< "${platform_list}"; then
@@ -580,7 +576,7 @@ jobs:
            fi
          done

-          digest="$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "${image}:${VERSION}" --format '{{ .Manifest.Digest }}')"
+          digest="$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "${image}:${DOCKER_VERSION}" --format '{{ .Manifest.Digest }}')"
          if [ -z "${digest}" ]; then
            echo "missing image digest"
            exit 1
@@ -598,7 +594,7 @@ jobs:
        shell: bash
        env:
          DIGEST: ${{ steps.manifest.outputs.digest }}
-          VERSION: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.version }}
+          DOCKER_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.docker_version }}
          GIT_SHA: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.git_sha }}
          PRERELEASE: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.prerelease }}
        run: |
@@ -609,7 +605,7 @@ jobs:
          fi

          image="${REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}"
-          tags=("${image}:${VERSION}" "${image}:sha-${GIT_SHA}")
+          tags=("${image}:${DOCKER_VERSION}" "${image}:sha-${GIT_SHA}")
          if [ "$PRERELEASE" != true ]; then
            tags+=("${image}:latest")
          fi
@@ -629,12 +625,15 @@ jobs:
          prerelease: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.prerelease == 'true' }}
          make_latest: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.prerelease == 'true' && 'false' || 'true' }}
          body: |
+            > [!WARNING]
+            > **Upgrading across major versions?** Database schema and configuration are only compatible within a major version, and the one-click self-update refuses cross-major targets (releases before 3.0 lack this gate — do not use their built-in update to reach a newer major). Deploy the new major fresh (new `.runtime/` data directory) and re-import or re-authorize provider accounts and client keys. See the [upgrade notes](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/blob/main/deploy/README.md#镜像升级与源码构建).
+
            ## 📥 Installation

            **Docker:**
            ```bash
            # GitHub Container Registry
-            docker pull ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:${{ needs.release-info.outputs.version }}
+            docker pull ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:${{ needs.release-info.outputs.docker_version }}
            ```

            **Manual download:**
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 20
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 15
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}

@@ -21,15 +21,16 @@

 ## 能力

-| 领域     | 实现                                                                        |
-| -------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| 协议     | OpenAI Responses JSON、SSE、WebSocket 与模型目录                             |
-| Provider | 固定 OpenAI、xAI 两个 Provider；各自管理 OAuth、账号、额度与模型目录          |
-| 路由     | Client Key 绑定 Provider、全局模型映射、会话亲和与同 Provider 安全 fallback   |
-| 透明边界 | OpenAI 保持 Responses 语义透明；xAI 的协议适配只驻留在 `providers/xai`         |
-| 延续     | OpenAI native/replay continuation；xAI 使用客户端提交的完整历史                |
-| 管理     | Client Key、账号、模型目录、设置、观测、系统更新与 OAuth                       |
-| 计量     | 模型请求 Token、费用、延迟、账号与 Provider 归因                               |
+| 领域     | 实现                                                                                                  |
+| -------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| 协议     | OpenAI Responses JSON、SSE、WebSocket 与模型目录                                                       |
+| Provider | 固定 OpenAI、xAI 两个 Provider；各自管理 OAuth、账号、额度与模型目录                                    |
+| 路由     | Client Key 绑定 Provider、全局模型映射、会话亲和与同 Provider 安全 fallback                             |
+| 透明边界 | OpenAI 请求保留未知字段和字段顺序，SSE 与 WebSocket 原样转发业务字节；xAI 在 Provider 内做协议转换          |
+| 延续     | OpenAI native/replay continuation；xAI 使用客户端提交的完整历史                                          |
+| 账号     | 导入、OAuth、credential 刷新、主动额度刷新，以及正常响应中的被动额度/状态观测                              |
+| 管理     | Client Key、账号、模型目录、设置、观测、系统更新与 OAuth                                                 |
+| 计量     | 模型请求 Token、费用、延迟、账号与 Provider 归因，并记录响应确认的实际 `service_tier`                      |

 ## 快速开始

@@ -91,7 +92,12 @@ curl -i http://127.0.0.1:8080/healthz
 2. 在账号页选择对应 Provider：OpenAI 支持 OAuth、账号文件与 Agent Identity；xAI 支持 OAuth
   和兼容账号文件导入。
 3. 按需配置客户端模型到上游模型的全局映射；未命中映射的模型名原样透传。
-4. 创建 `sk_...` Client Key，绑定 `openai` 或 `xai`，并设置模型范围、速率与并发限制。
+4. 创建 `sk_...` Client Key，绑定 `openai` 或 `xai`，并设置速率与并发限制。
+
+OpenAI 账号导入和首次 OAuth 创建在 credential 提交后会立即尝试一次额度观测；额度接口临时失败不会
+回滚已提交的账号。Free、K12 等套餐共用同一套额度与状态转换逻辑，套餐字段只作为账号事实并隔离
+对应的模型目录 cache。credential 刷新、额度刷新和正常请求中的被动额度观测是三条独立链路，详见
+[账号接口](docs/api.md#5-账号)。

 > [!IMPORTANT]
 > xAI 使用 OAuth session，不支持把 xAI API Key 作为上游 credential。
@@ -145,7 +151,7 @@ curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/responses \
 ## 运维

 ```bash
-# 升级
+# 实例升级
 docker compose -f deploy/compose.yaml pull codex-proxy-rs
 docker compose -f deploy/compose.yaml up -d --no-build

@@ -158,9 +164,15 @@ docker compose -f deploy/compose.yaml up -d
 ```

 > [!IMPORTANT]
-> `.runtime/` 保存 PostgreSQL、Redis、日志、OpenAI 会话锚点和自更新状态。删除该目录会永久清除
+> `.runtime/` 保存 PostgreSQL、Redis、日志、OpenAI 会话锚点密钥和自更新状态。删除该目录会永久清除
 > 运行状态。

+> [!WARNING]
+> 跨大版本不是原地升级：数据库 schema 与配置只在同一大版本内兼容，内置一键自更新
+> 会拒绝跨大版本目标（3.0 之前的旧版没有这道门禁，不要用旧版界面的一键更新跨大版本）。
+> 升级到新的大版本需要全新部署（全新 `.runtime/` 数据目录），并重新导入或重新授权
+> Provider 账号与客户端 Key。
+
 Compose 默认只绑定 `127.0.0.1`。公网接入应使用 HTTPS 反向代理，转发 WebSocket
 upgrade 与真实客户端 IP；不要暴露 PostgreSQL 或 Redis。

@@ -173,7 +185,8 @@ release/publish <version>
 ```

 脚本会更新 `release/version.yaml`、创建约定提交与带注释的 `v<version>` tag，并原子推送分支和 tag。
-不要手工修改版本后单独打 tag。
+不要手工修改版本后单独打 tag。该脚本只发布仓库版本和触发 Release 构建，不会登录服务器，也不会
+改变任何运行实例；源码提交、仓库发版和实例升级是三个独立状态。

 ## 文档

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ checksum = "c7c24de15d275a1ecfd47a380fb4d5ec9bfe0933f309ed5e705b775596a3574d"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "31b698c5f9a010f6573133b09e0de5408834d0c82f8d7475a89fc1867a71cd90"
 dependencies = [
 "axum-core",
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "bytes",
 "form_urlencoded",
 "futures-util",
@@ -275,6 +275,12 @@ version = "0.22.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "72b3254f16251a8381aa12e40e3c4d2f0199f8c6508fbecb9d91f575e0fbb8c6"

+[[package]]
+name = "base64"
+version = "0.23.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b25655df2c3cdd83c5e5b293b88acd880332b2ddadd7c30ac43144fdc0033da9"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "base64ct"
 version = "1.8.3"
@@ -444,7 +450,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "provider-openai",
 "provider-xai",
 "serde",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 3.0.3",
 "tempfile",
 "thiserror",
 "tokio",
@@ -669,7 +675,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "aead",
 "blake2",
 "crypto_secretbox",
- "curve25519-dalek",
+ "curve25519-dalek 4.1.3",
 "salsa20",
 "subtle",
 "zeroize",
@@ -708,8 +714,23 @@ dependencies = [
 "cfg-if",
 "cpufeatures 0.2.17",
 "curve25519-dalek-derive",
- "digest 0.10.7",
- "fiat-crypto",
+ "fiat-crypto 0.2.9",
+ "rustc_version",
+ "subtle",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "curve25519-dalek"
+version = "5.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b5eed333089e2e1c1ac8c6c0398e5e2497b4c9926ca6d0365ed1e099afa5bc23"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures 0.3.0",
+ "curve25519-dalek-derive",
+ "digest 0.11.3",
+ "fiat-crypto 0.3.0",
 "rustc_version",
 "subtle",
 "zeroize",
@@ -723,7 +744,7 @@ checksum = "f46882e17999c6cc590af592290432be3bce0428cb0d5f8b6715e4dc7b383eb3"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -761,6 +782,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "zeroize",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "der"
+version = "0.8.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a69dedd701da44b0536442edf09c81a64b0ab97a7a4a5e3d1971f00027cbc63d"
+dependencies = [
+ "const-oid 0.10.2",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "deranged"
 version = "0.5.8"
@@ -799,7 +830,7 @@ checksum = "1ac70aa55017e108007fbaf5aa0f54b021c98f92ff8af59d42eda9da96e3dd4f"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -829,34 +860,35 @@ version = "0.16.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ee27f32b5c5292967d2d4a9d7f1e0b0aed2c15daded5a60300e4abb9d8020bca"
 dependencies = [
- "der",
+ "der 0.7.10",
 "digest 0.10.7",
 "elliptic-curve",
 "rfc6979",
- "signature",
- "spki",
+ "signature 2.2.0",
+ "spki 0.7.3",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "ed25519"
-version = "2.2.3"
+version = "3.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "115531babc129696a58c64a4fef0a8bf9e9698629fb97e9e40767d235cfbcd53"
+checksum = "29fcf32e6c73d1079f83ab4d782de2d81620346a5f38c6237a86a22f8368980a"
 dependencies = [
- "pkcs8",
- "signature",
+ "pkcs8 0.11.0",
+ "signature 3.0.0",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "ed25519-dalek"
-version = "2.2.0"
+version = "3.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "70e796c081cee67dc755e1a36a0a172b897fab85fc3f6bc48307991f64e4eca9"
+checksum = "6ebaa1a2bf1290ab3bfe5a7b771d050ebffab2711c19a81691c683a5144a25de"
 dependencies = [
- "curve25519-dalek",
+ "curve25519-dalek 5.0.0",
 "ed25519",
 "serde",
- "sha2 0.10.9",
+ "sha2 0.11.0",
+ "signature 3.0.0",
 "subtle",
 "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -883,7 +915,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "generic-array",
 "group",
 "pem-rfc7468",
- "pkcs8",
+ "pkcs8 0.10.2",
 "rand_core 0.6.4",
 "sec1",
 "subtle",
@@ -968,6 +1000,12 @@ version = "0.2.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "28dea519a9695b9977216879a3ebfddf92f1c08c05d984f8996aecd6ecdc811d"

+[[package]]
+name = "fiat-crypto"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "64cd1e32ddd350061ae6edb1b082d7c54915b5c672c389143b9a63403a109f24"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "filetime"
 version = "0.2.29"
@@ -1100,7 +1138,7 @@ checksum = "2d6d3cde68c518367be28956066ddfef33813991b77a55005a69dae04bf3b10b"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1144,7 +1182,7 @@ version = "0.0.0"
 dependencies = [
 "argon2",
 "async-trait",
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.23.0",
 "chrono",
 "futures",
 "gateway-core",
@@ -1152,9 +1190,11 @@ dependencies = [
 "rand_core 0.6.4",
 "secrecy",
 "serde",
+ "serde_json",
 "subtle",
 "thiserror",
 "tokio",
+ "tracing",
 "uuid",
 ]

@@ -1164,7 +1204,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "async-trait",
 "axum",
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.23.0",
 "bytes",
 "chrono",
 "futures",
@@ -1175,6 +1215,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "serde_json",
 "thiserror",
 "tokio",
+ "tokio-tungstenite 0.29.0",
 "tower",
 "tower-http 0.7.0",
 "tracing",
@@ -1188,12 +1229,12 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "async-trait",
 "bytes",
- "chrono",
 "futures",
 "futures-timer",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
 "thiserror",
+ "tracing",
 "uuid",
 ]

@@ -1224,7 +1265,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "tracing",
 "tracing-appender",
 "tracing-subscriber",
- "uuid",
 "wiremock",
 ]

@@ -1372,7 +1412,7 @@ version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b3314d5adb5d94bcdf56771f2e50dbbc80bb4bdf88967526706205ac9eff24eb"
 dependencies = [
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "bytes",
 "headers-core",
 "http",
@@ -1539,7 +1579,7 @@ version = "0.1.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "96547c2556ec9d12fb1578c4eaf448b04993e7fb79cbaad930a656880a6bdfa0"
 dependencies = [
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "bytes",
 "futures-channel",
 "futures-util",
@@ -1737,19 +1777,20 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "jsonwebtoken"
-version = "10.3.0"
+version = "11.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0529410abe238729a60b108898784df8984c87f6054c9c4fcacc47e4803c1ce1"
+checksum = "881733cbc631fc9e472e24447ce32a64bedf2da498d6d8570b08edc87de71f65"
 dependencies = [
 "aws-lc-rs",
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "getrandom 0.2.17",
 "js-sys",
 "pem",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
- "signature",
+ "signature 2.2.0",
 "simple_asn1",
+ "zeroize",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -2016,7 +2057,7 @@ version = "3.0.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1d30c53c26bc5b31a98cd02d20f25a7c8567146caf63ed593a9d87b2775291be"
 dependencies = [
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "serde_core",
 ]

@@ -2047,8 +2088,18 @@ version = "0.10.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f950b2377845cebe5cf8b5165cb3cc1a5e0fa5cfa3e1f7f55707d8fd82e0a7b7"
 dependencies = [
- "der",
- "spki",
+ "der 0.7.10",
+ "spki 0.7.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pkcs8"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "451913da69c775a56034ea8d9003d27ee8948e12443eae7c038ba100a4f21cb7"
+dependencies = [
+ "der 0.8.1",
+ "spki 0.8.0",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -2116,7 +2167,7 @@ version = "0.0.0"
 dependencies = [
 "async-stream",
 "async-trait",
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.23.0",
 "bytes",
 "chrono",
 "cookie",
@@ -2126,7 +2177,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "gateway-admin",
 "gateway-core",
 "gateway-protocol",
- "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "getrandom 0.4.3",
 "hex",
 "jsonwebtoken",
 "reqwest",
@@ -2150,7 +2201,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "url",
 "uuid",
 "wiremock",
- "zeroize",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -2159,13 +2209,14 @@ version = "0.0.0"
 dependencies = [
 "async-stream",
 "async-trait",
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.23.0",
+ "bytes",
 "chrono",
 "futures",
 "gateway-admin",
 "gateway-core",
 "gateway-protocol",
- "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "getrandom 0.4.3",
 "jsonwebtoken",
 "p256",
 "reqwest",
@@ -2410,7 +2461,7 @@ version = "0.12.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "eddd3ca559203180a307f12d114c268abf583f59b03cb906fd0b3ff8646c1147"
 dependencies = [
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "bytes",
 "cookie",
 "cookie_store",
@@ -2599,9 +2650,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d3e97a565f76233a6003f9f5c54be1d9c5bdfa3eccfb189469f11ec4901c47dc"
 dependencies = [
 "base16ct",
- "der",
+ "der 0.7.10",
 "generic-array",
- "pkcs8",
+ "pkcs8 0.10.2",
 "subtle",
 "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -2797,6 +2848,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "rand_core 0.6.4",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "signature"
+version = "3.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "28d567dcbaf0049cb8ac2608a76cd95ff9e4412e1899d389ee400918ca7537f5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "simd-adler32"
 version = "0.3.9"
@@ -2856,7 +2913,17 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d91ed6c858b01f942cd56b37a94b3e0a1798290327d1236e4d9cf4eaca44d29d"
 dependencies = [
 "base64ct",
- "der",
+ "der 0.7.10",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "spki"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d9efca8738c78ee9484207732f728b1ef517bbb1833d6fc0879ca898a522f6f"
+dependencies = [
+ "base64ct",
+ "der 0.8.1",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -2878,7 +2945,7 @@ version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "05b44e85bf579a8eeb4ceaa77a3a523baf2bf0e9bac7e40f405d537b5d2d5ccb"
 dependencies = [
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "bytes",
 "cfg-if",
 "chrono",
@@ -2919,7 +2986,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "quote",
 "sqlx-core",
 "sqlx-macros-core",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -2942,7 +3009,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "sqlx-mysql",
 "sqlx-postgres",
 "sqlx-sqlite",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 "thiserror",
 "tokio",
 "url",
@@ -2982,7 +3049,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "87a2bdd6e83f6b3ea525ca9fee568030508b58355a43d0b2c1674d5f79dcd65e"
 dependencies = [
 "atoi",
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "bitflags",
 "byteorder",
 "chrono",
@@ -3067,9 +3134,9 @@ checksum = "a7973cce6668464ea31f176d85b13c7ab3bba2cb3b77a2ed26abd7801688010a"

 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.118"
+version = "2.0.119"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1b9ae57f904213ebb649ce6895b8a66c66f0203b9319718f69a5612a065b1422"
+checksum = "872831b642d1a07999a962a351ed35b955ea2cfc8f3862091e2a240a84f17297"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
@@ -3104,7 +3171,7 @@ checksum = "728a70f3dbaf5bab7f0c4b1ac8d7ae5ea60a4b5549c8a5914361c99147a709d2"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -3125,7 +3192,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "32497e9a4c7b38532efcdebeef879707aa9f794296a4f0244f6f69e9bc8574bd"
 dependencies = [
 "fastrand",
- "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "getrandom 0.4.3",
 "once_cell",
 "rustix",
 "windows-sys 0.61.2",
@@ -3239,7 +3306,7 @@ checksum = "385a6cb71ab9ab790c5fe8d67f1645e6c450a7ce006a33de03daa956cf70a496"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -3415,7 +3482,7 @@ checksum = "7490cfa5ec963746568740651ac6781f701c9c5ea257c58e057f3ba8cf69e8da"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -3692,7 +3759,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "bumpalo",
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]

@@ -3774,7 +3841,7 @@ checksum = "053e2e040ab57b9dc951b72c264860db7eb3b0200ba345b4e4c3b14f67855ddf"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -3785,7 +3852,7 @@ checksum = "3f316c4a2570ba26bbec722032c4099d8c8bc095efccdc15688708623367e358"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -3910,7 +3977,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "08db1edfb05d9b3c1542e521aea074442088292f00b5f28e435c714a98f85031"
 dependencies = [
 "assert-json-diff",
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "deadpool",
 "futures",
 "http",
@@ -3984,7 +4051,7 @@ checksum = "de844c262c8848816172cef550288e7dc6c7b7814b4ee56b3e1553f275f1858e"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 "synstructure",
 ]

@@ -4005,7 +4072,7 @@ checksum = "e2e817b7b52d0c7358d3246da9d69935ebb18116b2b102b4230dac079b4862f5"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -4025,7 +4092,7 @@ checksum = "11532158c46691caf0f2593ea8358fed6bbf68a0315e80aae9bd41fbade684a1"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 "synstructure",
 ]

@@ -4046,7 +4113,7 @@ checksum = "3c50655cbb0fe3fc43170059e702f1ce5e19b84cec58dc87b037a09935c2f328"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -4079,7 +4146,7 @@ checksum = "625dc425cab0dca6dc3c3319506e6593dcb08a9f387ea3b284dbd52a92c40555"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.118",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["rt-multi-th

 [dev-dependencies]
 config = { version = "0.15.23", default-features = false, features = ["yaml"] }
-syn = { version = "2.0.118", features = ["full"] }
+syn = { version = "3.0.3", features = ["full"] }
 tempfile = "3.27.0"

 [lints]
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+//! docs/architecture.md 依赖 DAG 与生产源码纪律的 workspace 级机器校验。
+
+use std::{
+    fs,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+};
+
+/// workspace 成员冻结清单;新增 crate 必须同步扩展本文件的依赖规则。
+const WORKSPACE_MEMBERS: &[&str] = &[
+    "apps/gateway",
+    "crates/gateway-admin",
+    "crates/gateway-api",
+    "crates/gateway-core",
+    "crates/gateway-host",
+    "crates/gateway-protocol",
+    "crates/gateway-store",
+    "crates/providers/openai",
+    "crates/providers/xai",
+];
+
+#[test]
+fn workspace_member_list_matches_the_frozen_dag_scope() {
+    let manifest =
+        fs::read_to_string(backend_root().join("Cargo.toml")).expect("read workspace manifest");
+    for member in WORKSPACE_MEMBERS {
+        assert!(
+            manifest.contains(&format!("\"{member}\"")),
+            "workspace must include {member}"
+        );
+    }
+    let member_count = manifest
+        .lines()
+        .map(str::trim)
+        .filter(|line| line.starts_with("\"apps/") || line.starts_with("\"crates/"))
+        .count();
+    assert_eq!(
+        member_count,
+        WORKSPACE_MEMBERS.len(),
+        "new workspace members must extend the dependency DAG rules"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn gateway_core_depends_on_no_http_db_redis_or_provider_crate() {
+    assert_no_dependency(
+        "crates/gateway-core",
+        &[
+            "axum",
+            "hyper",
+            "reqwest",
+            "sqlx",
+            "redis",
+            "gateway-host",
+            "gateway-store",
+            "provider-openai",
+            "provider-xai",
+        ],
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn gateway_protocol_has_no_workspace_dependencies() {
+    for name in dependency_names("crates/gateway-protocol") {
+        assert!(
+            !name.starts_with("gateway-") && !name.starts_with("provider-"),
+            "gateway-protocol must not depend on workspace crate `{name}`"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn provider_crates_do_not_depend_on_each_other() {
+    assert_no_dependency("crates/providers/openai", &["provider-xai"]);
+    assert_no_dependency("crates/providers/xai", &["provider-openai"]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn gateway_admin_stays_free_of_infrastructure_dependencies() {
+    assert_no_dependency(
+        "crates/gateway-admin",
+        &["axum", "sqlx", "redis", "reqwest"],
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn production_sources_do_not_host_tests() {
+    for member in WORKSPACE_MEMBERS {
+        let src = backend_root().join(member).join("src");
+        let sources = super::rust_files(&src);
+        assert!(!sources.is_empty(), "{member} has no production sources");
+        for relative in sources {
+            let path = src.join(relative);
+            let source = fs::read_to_string(&path).expect("read production source");
+            assert!(
+                !source.contains("#[cfg(test)]"),
+                "{} hosts tests in production src",
+                path.display()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn backend_root() -> PathBuf {
+    Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+        .join("../..")
+        .canonicalize()
+        .expect("backend workspace root")
+}
+
+/// 提取成员 `[dependencies]` 段内声明的依赖名;段落以下一个 `[` 表头结束。
+fn dependency_names(member: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    let manifest = fs::read_to_string(backend_root().join(member).join("Cargo.toml"))
+        .expect("read member manifest");
+    let mut in_dependencies = false;
+    let mut names = Vec::new();
+    for line in manifest.lines() {
+        let line = line.trim();
+        if line.starts_with('[') {
+            in_dependencies = line == "[dependencies]";
+            continue;
+        }
+        if !in_dependencies || line.is_empty() || line.starts_with('#') {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if let Some((name, _)) = line.split_once('=') {
+            names.push(name.trim().to_owned());
+        }
+    }
+    names
+}
+
+fn assert_no_dependency(member: &str, forbidden: &[&str]) {
+    for name in dependency_names(member) {
+        assert!(
+            !forbidden.contains(&name.as_str()),
+            "{member} must not depend on `{name}`"
+        );
+    }
+}
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+mod architecture;
 mod bootstrap;

 use std::{
@@ -21,7 +22,11 @@ fn app_tree_matches_frozen_terminal_manifest() {
    );
    assert_eq!(
        rust_files(&root.join("tests")),
-        BTreeSet::from([PathBuf::from("bootstrap.rs"), PathBuf::from("main.rs")]),
+        BTreeSet::from([
+            PathBuf::from("architecture.rs"),
+            PathBuf::from("bootstrap.rs"),
+            PathBuf::from("main.rs"),
+        ]),
    );
 }

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ path = "tests/main.rs"
 [dependencies]
 argon2 = "0.5.3"
 async-trait = "0.1.89"
-base64 = "0.22.1"
+base64 = "0.23.0"
 chrono = "0.4.45"
 futures = "0.3.32"
 gateway-core = { path = "../gateway-core" }
@@ -24,9 +24,11 @@ serde = { version = "1.0.228", features = ["derive"] }
 secrecy = { version = "0.10.3", features = ["serde"] }
 subtle = "2.6.1"
 thiserror = "2.0.18"
+tracing = "0.1.44"
 uuid = { version = "1.23.3", features = ["v7"] }

 [dev-dependencies]
+serde_json = { version = "1.0.150", features = ["arbitrary_precision", "preserve_order"] }
 tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["macros", "rt"] }

 [lints]
@@ -9,17 +9,8 @@ use gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind;

 use super::{PageSize, Revision, observability::TimeRange};

-/// Provider 账号当前可用性。
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum AccountAvailability {
-    Unknown,
-    Ready,
-    Cooldown,
-    QuotaExhausted,
-    Expired,
-    Banned,
-    Invalid,
-}
+/// Provider 账号当前可用性；权威定义与字符串编解码在 gateway-core，此处仅复用。
+pub use gateway_core::engine::credential::AccountAvailability;

 /// 管理页使用的归一化账号状态。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -29,7 +20,6 @@ pub enum AccountStatus {
    QuotaExhausted,
    Disabled,
    Banned,
-    Attention,
 }

 /// 账号列表排序字段。
@@ -179,18 +169,19 @@ pub struct AccountPage {
 }

 /// 统一账号目录的全局状态计数，不受当前筛选和分页影响。
+///
+/// 配额耗尽是可恢复状态，始终单列；`unavailable` 只包含过期、禁用和封禁账号。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct AccountSummary {
    pub total: u64,
    pub active: u64,
    pub quota_exhausted: u64,
-    pub attention: u64,
+    pub unavailable: u64,
 }

 /// 账号启停写入命令。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct SetAccountEnabled {
-    pub expected_config_revision: Revision,
    pub account_id: String,
    pub enabled: bool,
 }
@@ -198,7 +189,6 @@ pub struct SetAccountEnabled {
 /// 账号批量删除命令。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct DeleteAccounts {
-    pub expected_config_revision: Revision,
    pub account_ids: Vec<String>,
 }

@@ -222,6 +212,11 @@ pub enum AccountConnectionTestEvent {
    },
    Failed {
        message: String,
+        provider_error_code: Option<String>,
+        provider_error_type: Option<String>,
+        upstream_status: Option<u16>,
+        upstream_content_type: Option<String>,
+        upstream_body: Option<String>,
        account_status: AccountStatus,
    },
 }
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ impl AdminRequestContext {
 pub struct LoginCommand {
    pub username: Option<String>,
    pub password: String,
-    pub source: String,
 }

 impl std::fmt::Debug for LoginCommand {
@@ -48,7 +47,6 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for LoginCommand {
            .debug_struct("LoginCommand")
            .field("username", &self.username)
            .field("password", &"[REDACTED]")
-            .field("source", &self.source)
            .finish()
    }
 }
@@ -65,8 +63,6 @@ pub struct LoginResult {
 pub enum LoginError {
    #[error("invalid administrator credentials")]
    InvalidCredentials,
-    #[error("administrator login is throttled")]
-    Throttled,
    #[error("administrator authentication is unavailable")]
    Unavailable,
 }
@@ -141,7 +141,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ClientKeySecret {
 /// API 提交的 Client Key 创建命令。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct CreateClientKey {
-    pub expected_config_revision: Revision,
    pub name: String,
    pub label: Option<String>,
    pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
@@ -151,7 +150,6 @@ pub struct CreateClientKey {
 /// 管理用例生成 ID 与明文后的持久化命令。
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct NewClientKey {
-    pub expected_config_revision: Revision,
    pub id: ClientApiKeyId,
    pub name: String,
    pub label: Option<String>,
@@ -175,7 +173,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for NewClientKey {
 /// 修改 Client Key 的公开策略字段。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct UpdateClientKey {
-    pub expected_config_revision: Revision,
    pub id: ClientApiKeyId,
    pub name: String,
    pub label: Option<String>,
@@ -186,7 +183,6 @@ pub struct UpdateClientKey {
 /// 修改 Client Key 启用状态。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct SetClientKeyEnabled {
-    pub expected_config_revision: Revision,
    pub id: ClientApiKeyId,
    pub enabled: bool,
 }
@@ -194,7 +190,6 @@ pub struct SetClientKeyEnabled {
 /// 删除 Client Key。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct DeleteClientKey {
-    pub expected_config_revision: Revision,
    pub id: ClientApiKeyId,
 }

@@ -2,10 +2,20 @@

 use std::{num::NonZeroU32, str::FromStr};

-use chrono::{DateTime, TimeDelta, Utc};
+use chrono::{DateTime, TimeDelta, Timelike as _, Utc};

 use super::{AdminModelError, PageSize};

+/// 观测日界所用的东八区(UTC+8)固定偏移秒数。
+const CHINA_OFFSET_SECONDS: i64 = 8 * 60 * 60;
+
+/// 将 UTC 时刻截断到东八区(UTC+8)当日零点,返回值仍为 UTC。
+#[must_use]
+pub fn china_day_start(value: DateTime<Utc>) -> DateTime<Utc> {
+    let elapsed = (value.timestamp() + CHINA_OFFSET_SECONDS).rem_euclid(24 * 60 * 60);
+    value - TimeDelta::seconds(elapsed) - TimeDelta::nanoseconds(i64::from(value.nanosecond()))
+}
+
 /// 外部观测查询的 UTC 时间范围。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct TimeRange {
@@ -320,6 +330,7 @@ pub struct LatencyPercentiles {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ProviderBillingInput {
    pub upstream_model_id: String,
+    pub service_tier: Option<String>,
    pub input_tokens: Option<u64>,
    pub output_tokens: Option<u64>,
    pub cached_tokens: Option<u64>,
@@ -335,6 +346,7 @@ pub struct UsageCalculatedBillingFact {
    pub bucket_start: DateTime<Utc>,
    pub provider_kind: String,
    pub upstream_model_id: String,
+    pub service_tier: Option<String>,
    pub input_tokens: Option<u64>,
    pub output_tokens: Option<u64>,
    pub cached_tokens: Option<u64>,
@@ -448,6 +460,10 @@ pub struct RequestMetricPoint {
 }

 /// 账号池容量统计。
+///
+/// 首页概览的 `unavailable` 表示不可参与调度，包含配额耗尽及过期、禁用和封禁账号。
+///
+/// `quota_exhausted` 仍单列，以便状态详情展示和诊断。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct AccountPoolMetrics {
    pub total: u64,
@@ -564,6 +580,7 @@ pub struct UsageRecord {
    pub upstream_transport: Option<String>,
    pub http_version: Option<String>,
    pub websocket_pool: Option<String>,
+    pub service_tier: Option<String>,
    /// Provider 已筛选的专有观测 JSON；管理领域保持不透明。
    pub provider_metadata_json: Option<String>,
    pub attempt_count: u32,
@@ -718,7 +735,8 @@ pub struct OpsError {
    pub upstream_model_id: Option<String>,
    pub upstream_transport: Option<String>,
    pub failure_kind: String,
-    pub status_code: Option<u16>,
+    pub client_status_code: Option<u16>,
+    pub upstream_status_code: Option<u16>,
    pub provider_error_code: Option<String>,
    pub client_response_id: Option<String>,
    pub upstream_request_id: Option<String>,
@@ -2,14 +2,15 @@

 use std::fmt;

+use async_trait::async_trait;
 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use gateway_core::{
-    engine::credential::{OpaqueProviderData, ProviderAccountId},
+    engine::credential::{OpaqueProviderData, ProviderAccountId, ProviderAccountIdentity},
    routing::{ProviderKind, UpstreamModelId},
 };

 use super::{
-    MutationActor, MutationContext, PageSize, Revision,
+    AdminError, MutationActor, MutationContext, PageSize, Revision,
    accounts::{AccountAvailability, AccountRecord, AccountStatus, AccountSummary, AccountUsage},
 };

@@ -101,7 +102,6 @@ pub struct CredentialDetails {
 /// Provider 正式文档批量导入命令。
 pub struct ImportCredentials {
    pub context: MutationContext,
-    pub expected_config_revision: Revision,
    pub document: ProviderDocument,
 }

@@ -110,7 +110,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ImportCredentials {
        formatter
            .debug_struct("ImportCredentials")
            .field("context", &self.context)
-            .field("expected_config_revision", &self.expected_config_revision)
            .field("document", &self.document)
            .finish()
    }
@@ -169,17 +168,9 @@ pub struct PreparedCredentialImport {
 /// Admin 交给 Store 的导入事务命令。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct CredentialImportCommit {
-    pub expected_config_revision: Revision,
    pub prepared: PreparedCredentialImport,
 }

-/// 可选的重新授权目标。
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct ReauthorizationTarget {
-    pub account_id: ProviderAccountId,
-    pub credential_revision: Revision,
-}
-
 /// OAuth pending owner 的中立身份；不编码具体 Provider 的 Redis key 或 JSON。
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum AuthorizationOwner {
@@ -240,21 +231,18 @@ impl fmt::Debug for AuthorizationOwnerBinding {
 }

 /// OAuth 完成时应创建新账号还是 CAS 更新既有 credential。
+///
+/// 重新授权只绑定稳定的账号身份：credential revision 由服务端在临近写入时读取，
+/// 长流程期间的后台刷新不得让恢复操作失效。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum AuthorizationMutationTarget {
-    Create {
-        name: String,
-    },
-    Reauthorize {
-        account_id: ProviderAccountId,
-        expected_credential_revision: Revision,
-    },
+    Create { name: String },
+    Reauthorize { account_id: ProviderAccountId },
 }

 /// 必须完整进入 Provider opaque pending payload、并在 complete 后原样恢复的事务信封。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct PendingAuthorizationMutation {
-    expected_config_revision: Revision,
    provider_kind: ProviderKind,
    target: AuthorizationMutationTarget,
    owner_binding: AuthorizationOwnerBinding,
@@ -263,24 +251,17 @@ pub struct PendingAuthorizationMutation {
 impl PendingAuthorizationMutation {
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn new(
-        expected_config_revision: Revision,
        provider_kind: ProviderKind,
        target: AuthorizationMutationTarget,
        owner_binding: AuthorizationOwnerBinding,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
-            expected_config_revision,
            provider_kind,
            target,
            owner_binding,
        }
    }

-    #[must_use]
-    pub const fn expected_config_revision(&self) -> Revision {
-        self.expected_config_revision
-    }
-
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn provider_kind(&self) -> &ProviderKind {
        &self.provider_kind
@@ -301,9 +282,8 @@ impl PendingAuthorizationMutation {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct StartAuthorization {
    pub context: MutationContext,
-    pub expected_config_revision: Revision,
    pub name: String,
-    pub reauthorization: Option<ReauthorizationTarget>,
+    pub reauthorization: Option<ProviderAccountId>,
 }

 /// OAuth 流程启动结果。
@@ -322,6 +302,20 @@ pub trait CredentialCommitGuard: Send + 'static {
    fn finish(self: Box<Self>);
 }

+/// OAuth pending claim 在 Store 事务结果确定后执行的显式结算动作。
+///
+/// OAuth provider 必须在 credential 准备阶段持有 claim：Store 提交成功后消费 flow，提交或
+/// 校验失败后释放 flow。异步结算不能依赖 `Drop`，否则请求提前返回会让同一授权流无谓地
+/// 进入短暂的不可重试状态。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait AuthorizationCommitGuard: Send + 'static {
+    /// Store 已提交 OAuth credential 后消费对应的一次性 flow。
+    async fn commit(self: Box<Self>) -> Result<(), AdminError>;
+
+    /// Store 未提交 OAuth credential 时释放 claim，允许同一 flow 重试。
+    async fn abort(self: Box<Self>) -> Result<(), AdminError>;
+}
+
 /// OAuth complete 后由 Provider 返回的准备结果；Store 仍是唯一提交者。
 pub enum PreparedAuthorizationCredential {
    Create(PreparedCredentialCreate),
@@ -332,6 +326,7 @@ pub enum PreparedAuthorizationCredential {
 pub struct PreparedAuthorizationCommit {
    pub pending: PendingAuthorizationMutation,
    pub credential: PreparedAuthorizationCredential,
+    authorization_guard: Option<Box<dyn AuthorizationCommitGuard>>,
 }

 impl fmt::Debug for PreparedAuthorizationCommit {
@@ -358,9 +353,37 @@ pub struct AuthorizationCommit {
    pub credential: AuthorizationCredentialCommit,
 }

+/// OAuth 准备结果拆解后的 Store 命令与两个结算 guard。
+///
+/// Store 成功时先结束 credential guard，再消费 OAuth claim；失败时丢弃 credential guard 并
+/// 释放 OAuth claim，使同一授权流可以重试。
+pub(crate) struct AuthorizationCommitSettlement {
+    pub(crate) command: AuthorizationCommit,
+    pub(crate) credential_guard: Option<Box<dyn CredentialCommitGuard>>,
+    pub(crate) authorization_guard: Option<Box<dyn AuthorizationCommitGuard>>,
+}
+
 impl PreparedAuthorizationCommit {
    #[must_use]
-    pub fn into_commit(self) -> (AuthorizationCommit, Option<Box<dyn CredentialCommitGuard>>) {
+    pub fn new(
+        pending: PendingAuthorizationMutation,
+        credential: PreparedAuthorizationCredential,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            pending,
+            credential,
+            authorization_guard: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 让 OAuth claim 覆盖准备完成到 Store 事务结算之间的全部窗口。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_authorization_guard(mut self, guard: Box<dyn AuthorizationCommitGuard>) -> Self {
+        self.authorization_guard = Some(guard);
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn into_commit(self) -> AuthorizationCommitSettlement {
        let (credential, guard) = match self.credential {
            PreparedAuthorizationCredential::Create(credential) => {
                (AuthorizationCredentialCommit::Create(credential), None)
@@ -373,13 +396,27 @@ impl PreparedAuthorizationCommit {
                )
            }
        };
-        (
-            AuthorizationCommit {
+        AuthorizationCommitSettlement {
+            command: AuthorizationCommit {
                pending: self.pending,
                credential,
            },
-            guard,
-        )
+            credential_guard: guard,
+            authorization_guard: self.authorization_guard,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn abort(self) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+        let AuthorizationCommitSettlement {
+            credential_guard,
+            authorization_guard,
+            ..
+        } = self.into_commit();
+        drop(credential_guard);
+        if let Some(guard) = authorization_guard {
+            guard.abort().await?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
    }
 }

@@ -406,7 +443,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for CompleteAuthorization {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct CredentialMutation {
    pub context: MutationContext,
-    pub expected_config_revision: Revision,
    pub account_id: ProviderAccountId,
 }

@@ -422,7 +458,6 @@ pub struct CredentialMutationResult {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct CredentialDeletion {
    pub context: MutationContext,
-    pub expected_config_revision: Revision,
    pub account_ids: Vec<ProviderAccountId>,
 }

@@ -436,14 +471,12 @@ pub struct CredentialDeletionResult {
 /// Provider-owned token 轮换命令。
 pub struct RotateCredential {
    pub mutation: CredentialMutation,
-    pub expected_credential_revision: Revision,
    pub provider_material: ProviderDocument,
 }

 /// Provider 校验手工轮换材料时所需的非事务输入。
 pub struct PrepareCredentialRotation {
    pub account: AccountRecord,
-    pub expected_credential_revision: Revision,
    pub provider_material: ProviderDocument,
 }

@@ -452,10 +485,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for PrepareCredentialRotation {
        formatter
            .debug_struct("PrepareCredentialRotation")
            .field("account", &self.account)
-            .field(
-                "expected_credential_revision",
-                &self.expected_credential_revision,
-            )
            .field("provider_material", &self.provider_material)
            .finish()
    }
@@ -467,6 +496,7 @@ pub struct PreparedCredentialRotationFacts {
    pub account_id: ProviderAccountId,
    pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
    pub expected_credential_revision: Revision,
+    pub replacement_identity: Option<ProviderAccountIdentity>,
    pub name: String,
    pub email: Option<String>,
    pub plan_type: Option<String>,
@@ -520,7 +550,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for PreparedCredentialRotation {
 /// Admin 交给 Store 的轮换或 refresh 事务命令。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct CredentialRotationCommit {
-    pub expected_config_revision: Revision,
    pub prepared: PreparedCredentialRotationFacts,
 }

@@ -529,10 +558,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for RotateCredential {
        formatter
            .debug_struct("RotateCredential")
            .field("mutation", &self.mutation)
-            .field(
-                "expected_credential_revision",
-                &self.expected_credential_revision,
-            )
            .field("provider_material", &self.provider_material)
            .finish()
    }
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ pub struct RuntimeSettings {
 /// 原子替换运行设置的命令。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ReplaceRuntimeSettings {
-    pub expected_config_revision: Revision,
    pub model_mappings: ModelMappings,
    pub refresh_margin_seconds: u64,
    pub refresh_concurrency: u32,
@@ -64,6 +64,12 @@ pub trait ProviderAdmin: Send + Sync {
    /// 成功之后，不参与事务成败，也不得恢复或改写已经提交的账号状态。
    async fn account_unavailable(&self, account_id: &ProviderAccountId);

+    /// 账号资格事实已经由控制面提交，失效 Provider 持有的可重建派生状态。
+    ///
+    /// 该通知发生在 Store 事务成功之后、下一份 RuntimeSnapshot 编译之前；通知
+    /// 不参与已提交事务成败。没有账号派生状态的 Provider 可使用默认空实现。
+    async fn account_facts_changed(&self, _account_ids: &[ProviderAccountId]) {}
+
    /// 生成一次连接测试所需的 Provider-owned operation；Core 负责实际执行与落账。
    fn connection_test_operation(
        &self,
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ pub trait AccountStore: Send + Sync {
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<()>;
 }

-/// 管理员密码、会话、登录限流和安全审计。
+/// 管理员密码、会话和安全审计。
 #[async_trait]
 pub trait AuthStore: Send + Sync {
    async fn load_password_hash(&self, admin_user_id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<String>>;
@@ -176,26 +176,10 @@ pub trait AuthStore: Send + Sync {

    async fn delete_session(&self, session_id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AdminSession>>;

-    async fn login_source_is_throttled(
-        &self,
-        source: &str,
-        failure_limit: u32,
-        window_seconds: u64,
-    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool>;
-
-    async fn record_login_failure(
-        &self,
-        source: &str,
-        failure_limit: u32,
-        window_seconds: u64,
-    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool>;
-
-    async fn clear_login_failures(&self, source: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<()>;
-
    async fn append_audit_event(&self, event: AdminAuditEvent) -> AdminStoreResult<()>;
 }

-/// Client API Key 管理及其 revision CAS 写入。
+/// Client API Key 管理写入。
 #[async_trait]
 pub trait ClientKeyStore: Send + Sync {
    async fn list_client_keys(&self, query: ClientKeyListQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<ClientKeyPage>;
@@ -281,7 +265,7 @@ pub trait ObservabilityStore: Send + Sync {
    async fn list_ops_errors(&self, query: OpsErrorQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<OpsErrorPage>;
 }

-/// Runtime settings 与管理员 API Key 的 revision CAS 写入。
+/// Runtime settings 与管理员 API Key 写入。
 #[async_trait]
 pub trait SettingsStore: Send + Sync {
    async fn load_runtime_settings(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<RuntimeSettings>;
@@ -296,14 +280,12 @@ pub trait SettingsStore: Send + Sync {

    async fn replace_admin_api_key(
        &self,
-        expected_config_revision: Revision,
        key: AdminApiKey,
        context: &MutationContext,
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation>;

    async fn delete_admin_api_key(
        &self,
-        expected_config_revision: Revision,
        context: &MutationContext,
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation>;
 }
@@ -10,13 +10,12 @@ use gateway_core::{
        credential::ProviderAccountId,
        probe::{AccountProbe, AccountProbeRequest},
    },
-    error::GatewayErrorKind,
    routing::{ProviderKind, UpstreamModelId, snapshot::SnapshotControl},
 };

 use crate::{
    model::{
-        AdminError, MutationContext, Revision,
+        AdminError, MutationContext,
        accounts::{
            AccountConnectionTestEvent, AccountConnectionTestEventStream, AccountListQuery,
            AccountRecord, AccountStatus, AccountUsageWindowQuery,
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ pub trait AccountsService: Send + Sync {
    async fn refresh(
        &self,
        context: &MutationContext,
-        expected_config_revision: Revision,
        account_id: ProviderAccountId,
    ) -> Result<AccountRefreshResult, AdminError>;

@@ -355,7 +353,6 @@ impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
    async fn refresh(
        &self,
        context: &MutationContext,
-        expected_config_revision: Revision,
        account_id: ProviderAccountId,
    ) -> Result<AccountRefreshResult, AdminError> {
        let (account, provider) = self.provider_for_account(&account_id).await?;
@@ -368,12 +365,14 @@ impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
        validate_prepared_rotation(&account, &prepared, "provider credential refresh")?;
        let result = commit_credential_refresh(
            self.accounts.as_ref(),
-            expected_config_revision,
            prepared,
            context,
            "provider credential refresh",
        )
        .await?;
+        provider
+            .account_facts_changed(std::slice::from_ref(&result.account_id))
+            .await;
        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
        let account = self.load_directory_item(&result.account_id, false).await?;
        Ok(AccountRefreshResult {
@@ -453,15 +452,33 @@ impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
                        account_status: status,
                    }))
                    .collect(),
-                Err(error) => vec![AccountConnectionTestEvent::Failed {
-                    message: match error.kind() {
-                        GatewayErrorKind::InvalidRequest
-                        | GatewayErrorKind::Unsupported
-                        | GatewayErrorKind::ModelNotFound => error.safe_message().to_owned(),
-                        _ => "Provider connection test failed".to_owned(),
-                    },
-                    account_status: status,
-                }],
+                Err(error) => {
+                    let upstream_status = error
+                        .upstream_response()
+                        .map(gateway_core::engine::probe::AccountProbeUpstreamResponse::status);
+                    let upstream_content_type = error
+                        .upstream_response()
+                        .and_then(|response| response.content_type())
+                        .and_then(|value| std::str::from_utf8(value).ok())
+                        .map(ToOwned::to_owned);
+                    let upstream_body = error
+                        .upstream_response()
+                        .map(|response| String::from_utf8_lossy(response.body()).into_owned());
+                    let message = upstream_body
+                        .as_deref()
+                        .filter(|body| !body.is_empty())
+                        .unwrap_or_else(|| error.client_message())
+                        .to_owned();
+                    vec![AccountConnectionTestEvent::Failed {
+                        message,
+                        provider_error_code: error.client_error_code().map(ToOwned::to_owned),
+                        provider_error_type: error.client_error_type().map(ToOwned::to_owned),
+                        upstream_status,
+                        upstream_content_type,
+                        upstream_body,
+                        account_status: status,
+                    }]
+                }
            }
        })
        .flat_map(futures::stream::iter);
@@ -472,22 +489,25 @@ impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
 fn account_status(account: &AccountRecord, now: chrono::DateTime<Utc>) -> AccountStatus {
    if !account.enabled {
        AccountStatus::Disabled
+    } else if account.availability == crate::model::accounts::AccountAvailability::Banned {
+        AccountStatus::Banned
+    } else if account.availability == crate::model::accounts::AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted
+        || (account.availability == crate::model::accounts::AccountAvailability::Cooldown
+            && account.availability_reason.as_deref() == Some("usage_limit_exhausted")
+            && account.cooldown_until.is_none_or(|until| until > now))
+    {
+        AccountStatus::QuotaExhausted
+    } else if matches!(
+        account.availability,
+        crate::model::accounts::AccountAvailability::Expired
+            | crate::model::accounts::AccountAvailability::Invalid
+    ) || account
+        .access_token_expires_at
+        .is_some_and(|expires_at| expires_at <= now)
+    {
+        AccountStatus::Expired
    } else {
-        match account.availability {
-            crate::model::accounts::AccountAvailability::Banned => AccountStatus::Banned,
-            crate::model::accounts::AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted => {
-                AccountStatus::QuotaExhausted
-            }
-            crate::model::accounts::AccountAvailability::Expired => AccountStatus::Expired,
-            _ if account
-                .access_token_expires_at
-                .is_some_and(|expires_at| expires_at <= now) =>
-            {
-                AccountStatus::Expired
-            }
-            crate::model::accounts::AccountAvailability::Ready => AccountStatus::Active,
-            _ => AccountStatus::Attention,
-        }
+        AccountStatus::Active
    }
 }

@@ -22,9 +22,6 @@ use crate::{

 use super::map_store_error;

-const LOGIN_FAILURE_LIMIT: u32 = 5;
-const LOGIN_FAILURE_WINDOW_SECONDS: u64 = 15 * 60;
-
 /// API 鉴权与管理员登录消费的统一服务。
 #[async_trait]
 pub trait AuthService: Send + Sync {
@@ -39,6 +36,10 @@ pub trait AuthService: Send + Sync {
    async fn logout(&self, session_id: &str) -> Result<(), AdminError>;
 }

+/// 会话有效期上限(366 天);超出的配置按上限截断,保证 TTL 构造与
+/// `Utc::now() + session_ttl` 永不越界。
+const MAX_SESSION_TTL_MINUTES: i64 = 366 * 24 * 60;
+
 /// 单管理员认证策略的最终实现。
 pub(crate) struct DefaultAuthService {
    default_admin_user_id: String,
@@ -54,8 +55,8 @@ impl DefaultAuthService {
        store: Arc<dyn AuthStore>,
    ) -> Self {
        let minutes = i64::try_from(session_ttl_minutes)
-            .unwrap_or(i64::MAX)
-            .max(1);
+            .unwrap_or(MAX_SESSION_TTL_MINUTES)
+            .clamp(1, MAX_SESSION_TTL_MINUTES);
        Self {
            default_admin_user_id: default_admin_user_id.into(),
            session_ttl: Duration::minutes(minutes),
@@ -63,19 +64,6 @@ impl DefaultAuthService {
        }
    }

-    async fn record_failed_login(&self, source: &str) -> Result<LoginError, LoginError> {
-        let throttled = self
-            .store
-            .record_login_failure(source, LOGIN_FAILURE_LIMIT, LOGIN_FAILURE_WINDOW_SECONDS)
-            .await
-            .map_err(|_| LoginError::Unavailable)?;
-        Ok(if throttled {
-            LoginError::Throttled
-        } else {
-            LoginError::InvalidCredentials
-        })
-    }
-
    fn auth_audit(&self, action: &str, occurred_at: chrono::DateTime<Utc>) -> AdminAuditEvent {
        AdminAuditEvent {
            id: format!("audit_{}", Uuid::now_v7().simple()),
@@ -137,22 +125,13 @@ impl AuthService for DefaultAuthService {
    }

    async fn login(&self, command: LoginCommand) -> Result<LoginResult, LoginError> {
-        let source = normalized_login_source(&command.source);
-        if self
-            .store
-            .login_source_is_throttled(source, LOGIN_FAILURE_LIMIT, LOGIN_FAILURE_WINDOW_SECONDS)
-            .await
-            .map_err(|_| LoginError::Unavailable)?
-        {
-            return Err(LoginError::Throttled);
-        }
        if command
            .username
            .as_deref()
            .unwrap_or(&self.default_admin_user_id)
            != self.default_admin_user_id
        {
-            return Err(self.record_failed_login(source).await?);
+            return Err(LoginError::InvalidCredentials);
        }
        let hash = self
            .store
@@ -161,13 +140,9 @@ impl AuthService for DefaultAuthService {
            .map_err(|_| LoginError::Unavailable)?
            .ok_or(LoginError::InvalidCredentials)?;
        if !verify_admin_password(&command.password, &hash).map_err(|_| LoginError::Unavailable)? {
-            return Err(self.record_failed_login(source).await?);
+            return Err(LoginError::InvalidCredentials);
        }

-        self.store
-            .clear_login_failures(source)
-            .await
-            .map_err(|_| LoginError::Unavailable)?;
        let session_id = random_session_token();
        let expires_at = Utc::now() + self.session_ttl;
        self.store
@@ -246,8 +221,3 @@ fn valid_admin_api_key_shape(value: &str) -> bool {
        && value.starts_with("admin-")
        && value[6..].bytes().all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_hexdigit())
 }
-
-fn normalized_login_source(source: &str) -> &str {
-    let source = source.trim();
-    if source.is_empty() { "unknown" } else { source }
-}
@@ -94,7 +94,6 @@ impl ClientKeyService for DefaultClientKeyService {
            .store
            .create_client_key(
                NewClientKey {
-                    expected_config_revision: command.expected_config_revision,
                    id,
                    name: command.name,
                    label: command.label,
@@ -90,17 +90,10 @@ async fn pending_authorization(
    resource: &'static str,
 ) -> Result<PendingAuthorizationMutation, AdminError> {
    let target = match &command.reauthorization {
-        Some(target) => {
-            let details =
-                required_credential(accounts, provider_kind, &target.account_id, resource).await?;
-            if details.credential.credential_revision != target.credential_revision {
-                return Err(AdminError::conflict(format!(
-                    "{resource} reauthorization target is stale"
-                )));
-            }
+        Some(account_id) => {
+            required_credential(accounts, provider_kind, account_id, resource).await?;
            AuthorizationMutationTarget::Reauthorize {
-                account_id: target.account_id.clone(),
-                expected_credential_revision: target.credential_revision,
+                account_id: account_id.clone(),
            }
        }
        None => AuthorizationMutationTarget::Create {
@@ -108,7 +101,6 @@ async fn pending_authorization(
        },
    };
    Ok(PendingAuthorizationMutation::new(
-        command.expected_config_revision,
        provider_kind.clone(),
        target,
        crate::model::provider_credentials::AuthorizationOwnerBinding::from_context(
@@ -143,7 +135,6 @@ fn validate_prepared_rotation(
    let facts = prepared.facts();
    if facts.account_id.as_str() != account.id.as_str()
        || facts.provider_kind != account.provider_kind
-        || facts.expected_credential_revision != account.credential_revision
    {
        return Err(AdminError::conflict(format!(
            "{resource} prepared facts do not match the current credential"
@@ -152,18 +143,27 @@ fn validate_prepared_rotation(
    Ok(())
 }

-fn validate_authorization_commit(
+async fn validate_authorization_commit(
    provider_kind: &ProviderKind,
    context: &MutationContext,
-    prepared: &PreparedAuthorizationCommit,
+    prepared: PreparedAuthorizationCommit,
    resource: &'static str,
-) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+) -> Result<PreparedAuthorizationCommit, AdminError> {
    if prepared.pending.provider_kind() != provider_kind
        || !prepared.pending.owner_binding().matches_context(context)
    {
-        return Err(AdminError::conflict(format!(
+        let validation_error = AdminError::conflict(format!(
            "{resource} pending authorization binding is invalid"
-        )));
+        ));
+        if let Err(error) = prepared.abort().await {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                resource,
+                settlement_error = %error,
+                "OAuth authorization claim release failed after preparation validation"
+            );
+            return Err(error);
+        }
+        return Err(validation_error);
    }
    let matches_target = match (prepared.pending.target(), &prepared.credential) {
        (
@@ -171,25 +171,29 @@ fn validate_authorization_commit(
            PreparedAuthorizationCredential::Create(credential),
        ) => credential.provider_kind == *provider_kind,
        (
-            AuthorizationMutationTarget::Reauthorize {
-                account_id,
-                expected_credential_revision,
-            },
+            AuthorizationMutationTarget::Reauthorize { account_id },
            PreparedAuthorizationCredential::Reauthorize(credential),
        ) => {
            let facts = credential.facts();
-            facts.provider_kind == *provider_kind
-                && facts.account_id == *account_id
-                && facts.expected_credential_revision == *expected_credential_revision
+            facts.provider_kind == *provider_kind && facts.account_id == *account_id
        }
        _ => false,
    };
    if !matches_target {
-        return Err(AdminError::conflict(format!(
+        let validation_error = AdminError::conflict(format!(
            "{resource} prepared credential does not match its pending target"
-        )));
+        ));
+        if let Err(error) = prepared.abort().await {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                resource,
+                settlement_error = %error,
+                "OAuth authorization claim release failed after preparation validation"
+            );
+            return Err(error);
+        }
+        return Err(validation_error);
    }
-    Ok(())
+    Ok(prepared)
 }

 async fn commit_authorization(
@@ -198,16 +202,34 @@ async fn commit_authorization(
    context: &MutationContext,
    resource: &'static str,
 ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
-    let (command, guard) = prepared.into_commit();
+    let crate::model::provider_credentials::AuthorizationCommitSettlement {
+        command,
+        credential_guard,
+        authorization_guard,
+    } = prepared.into_commit();
    match accounts.commit_authorization(command, context).await {
        Ok(result) => {
-            if let Some(guard) = guard {
+            if let Some(guard) = credential_guard {
                guard.finish();
            }
+            if let Some(guard) = authorization_guard {
+                guard.commit().await?;
+            }
            Ok(result)
        }
        Err(error) => {
-            drop(guard);
+            drop(credential_guard);
+            if let Some(guard) = authorization_guard
+                && let Err(settlement_error) = guard.abort().await
+            {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    resource,
+                    store_error = %error,
+                    settlement_error = %settlement_error,
+                    "OAuth authorization claim release failed after Store commit failure"
+                );
+                return Err(settlement_error);
+            }
            Err(map_store_error(error, resource))
        }
    }
@@ -215,20 +237,13 @@ async fn commit_authorization(

 async fn commit_credential_rotation(
    accounts: &dyn AccountStore,
-    expected_config_revision: crate::model::Revision,
    prepared: PreparedCredentialRotation,
    context: &MutationContext,
    resource: &'static str,
 ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
    let (facts, guard) = prepared.into_parts();
    match accounts
-        .commit_credential_rotation(
-            CredentialRotationCommit {
-                expected_config_revision,
-                prepared: facts,
-            },
-            context,
-        )
+        .commit_credential_rotation(CredentialRotationCommit { prepared: facts }, context)
        .await
    {
        Ok(result) => {
@@ -244,20 +259,13 @@ async fn commit_credential_rotation(

 async fn commit_credential_refresh(
    accounts: &dyn AccountStore,
-    expected_config_revision: crate::model::Revision,
    prepared: PreparedCredentialRotation,
    context: &MutationContext,
    resource: &'static str,
 ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
    let (facts, guard) = prepared.into_parts();
    match accounts
-        .commit_credential_refresh(
-            CredentialRotationCommit {
-                expected_config_revision,
-                prepared: facts,
-            },
-            context,
-        )
+        .commit_credential_refresh(CredentialRotationCommit { prepared: facts }, context)
        .await
    {
        Ok(result) => {
@@ -289,7 +297,6 @@ async fn set_credential_enabled(
    let revision = accounts
        .set_account_enabled(
            SetAccountEnabled {
-                expected_config_revision: command.expected_config_revision,
                account_id: account_id.as_str().to_owned(),
                enabled,
            },
@@ -300,6 +307,9 @@ async fn set_credential_enabled(
    if !enabled {
        provider.account_unavailable(&account_id).await;
    }
+    provider
+        .account_facts_changed(std::slice::from_ref(&account_id))
+        .await;
    Ok(CredentialMutationResult {
        config_revision: revision,
        account_id,
@@ -320,7 +330,6 @@ async fn delete_credentials(
    let revision = accounts
        .delete_accounts(
            DeleteAccounts {
-                expected_config_revision: command.expected_config_revision,
                account_ids: account_ids
                    .iter()
                    .map(|account_id| account_id.as_str().to_owned())
@@ -333,6 +342,7 @@ async fn delete_credentials(
    for account_id in &account_ids {
        provider.account_unavailable(account_id).await;
    }
+    provider.account_facts_changed(&account_ids).await;
    Ok(CredentialDeletionResult {
        config_revision: revision,
        account_ids,
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use crate::{
            UsageCalculatedBillingFact, UsageDetail, UsageFilter, UsageInsights, UsageInsightsCost,
            UsageInsightsCostPoint, UsageInsightsHealth, UsageInsightsHealthPoint,
            UsageInsightsPerformance, UsageInsightsPerformancePoint, UsageOverview, UsagePage,
-            UsageQuery, UsageSummary,
+            UsageQuery, UsageSummary, china_day_start,
        },
        provider_credentials::ProviderQuotaRequest,
    },
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ const HEALTH_TIMELINE_SLOTS: i64 = 24 * 4;
 const HEALTH_TIMELINE_MIN_SAMPLE_SIZE: u64 = 10;
 const HEALTH_TIMELINE_UNAVAILABLE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD: u64 = 3;
 const HEALTH_TIMELINE_STABLE_RELIABILITY: f64 = 99.0;
-const CHINA_OFFSET_SECONDS: i64 = 8 * 60 * 60;

 /// API 消费的观测控制面服务。
 #[async_trait]
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ impl ObservabilityService for DefaultObservabilityService {
            self.store.dashboard_runtime_slots(range.end),
        )
        .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "dashboard"))?;
-        self.enrich_billing(&mut observation.recent_requests)?;
+        self.enrich_billing(&mut observation.recent_requests);
        self.enrich_dashboard_quotas(&mut observation.account_usage)
            .await;
        let today_start = china_day_start(observation.range.end);
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ impl ObservabilityService for DefaultObservabilityService {
            .list_usage_records(query)
            .await
            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "usage records"))?;
-        self.enrich_billing(&mut page.items)?;
+        self.enrich_billing(&mut page.items);
        Ok(page)
    }

@@ -190,7 +189,7 @@ impl ObservabilityService for DefaultObservabilityService {
            .usage_record_detail(request_id)
            .await
            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "usage record"))?;
-        self.enrich_billing(std::slice::from_mut(&mut detail.request))?;
+        self.enrich_billing(std::slice::from_mut(&mut detail.request));
        Ok(detail)
    }

@@ -429,6 +428,7 @@ fn recover_standard_costs(
        };
        let input = ProviderBillingInput {
            upstream_model_id: fact.upstream_model_id,
+            service_tier: fact.service_tier,
            input_tokens: fact.input_tokens,
            output_tokens: fact.output_tokens,
            cached_tokens: fact.cached_tokens,
@@ -492,15 +492,14 @@ impl DefaultObservabilityService {
        }
    }

-    fn enrich_billing(
-        &self,
-        records: &mut [crate::model::observability::UsageRecord],
-    ) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    /// 逐条尽力把可校验的总额升级为完整分解；单条脏数据（非法 Provider kind、
+    /// 不支持的来源或费用规则失败）只保留该条已存的总额，不影响整页返回。
+    fn enrich_billing(&self, records: &mut [crate::model::observability::UsageRecord]) {
        for record in records {
            let Some(UsageBilling::Total { source, total }) = record.billing.as_ref() else {
                continue;
            };
-            if source != "calculated" {
+            if !matches!(source.as_str(), "calculated" | "provider_reported") {
                continue;
            }
            let (Some(provider), Some(upstream_model_id)) = (
@@ -509,25 +508,22 @@ impl DefaultObservabilityService {
            ) else {
                continue;
            };
-            let provider_kind = ProviderKind::new(provider.to_owned())
-                .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Stored Provider kind is invalid"))?;
+            let Ok(provider_kind) = ProviderKind::new(provider.to_owned()) else {
+                continue;
+            };
            let input = ProviderBillingInput {
                upstream_model_id: upstream_model_id.clone(),
+                service_tier: record.service_tier.clone(),
                input_tokens: record.input_tokens,
                output_tokens: record.output_tokens,
                cached_tokens: record.cached_tokens,
                cache_write_tokens: record.cache_write_tokens,
                total: total.clone(),
            };
-            if let Some(breakdown) = self
-                .providers
-                .calculated_billing(&provider_kind, &input)
-                .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "usage billing"))?
-            {
+            if let Ok(Some(breakdown)) = self.providers.calculated_billing(&provider_kind, &input) {
                record.billing = Some(UsageBilling::Calculated(Box::new(breakdown)));
            }
        }
-        Ok(())
    }
 }

@@ -833,11 +829,6 @@ fn service_failure_count(metrics: &RequestMetrics) -> u64 {
        .saturating_sub(metrics.caller_error_count)
 }

-fn china_day_start(value: DateTime<Utc>) -> DateTime<Utc> {
-    let elapsed = (value.timestamp() + CHINA_OFFSET_SECONDS).rem_euclid(24 * 60 * 60);
-    value - Duration::seconds(elapsed) - Duration::nanoseconds(i64::from(value.nanosecond()))
-}
-
 fn quarter_hour_start(value: DateTime<Utc>) -> DateTime<Utc> {
    let elapsed = value
        .timestamp()
@@ -83,6 +83,27 @@ impl DefaultOpenAiService {
            snapshot,
        }
    }
+
+    async fn observe_initial_quotas(&self, account_ids: &[ProviderAccountId], request_id: &str) {
+        for account_id in account_ids {
+            if let Err(error) = self
+                .provider
+                .quota(ProviderQuotaRequest {
+                    account_id: account_id.clone(),
+                    refresh: true,
+                    rolling_usage: None,
+                })
+                .await
+            {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    request_id,
+                    account_id = %account_id.as_str(),
+                    quota_error = ?error.kind(),
+                    "OpenAI initial quota observation failed"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }

 #[async_trait]
@@ -112,7 +133,6 @@ impl OpenAiService for DefaultOpenAiService {
        command: ImportCredentials,
    ) -> Result<CredentialImportResult, AdminError> {
        let context = command.context;
-        let expected_config_revision = command.expected_config_revision;
        let prepared = self
            .provider
            .prepare_import(PrepareCredentialImport {
@@ -127,27 +147,16 @@ impl OpenAiService for DefaultOpenAiService {
        )?;
        let result = self
            .accounts
-            .commit_credential_import(
-                CredentialImportCommit {
-                    expected_config_revision,
-                    prepared,
-                },
-                &context,
-            )
+            .commit_credential_import(CredentialImportCommit { prepared }, &context)
            .await
            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "OpenAI credential import"))?;
+        self.provider
+            .account_facts_changed(&result.credential_ids)
+            .await;
        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
-        // 导入已经提交，额度属于可重建观察事实；单个账号查询失败由周期任务重试。
-        for account_id in &result.credential_ids {
-            let _ = self
-                .provider
-                .quota(ProviderQuotaRequest {
-                    account_id: account_id.clone(),
-                    refresh: true,
-                    rolling_usage: None,
-                })
-                .await;
-        }
+        // 导入完成后立即做一次观察；失败不回滚已经提交的 credential。
+        self.observe_initial_quotas(&result.credential_ids, &context.request_id)
+            .await;
        Ok(result)
    }

@@ -178,12 +187,13 @@ impl OpenAiService for DefaultOpenAiService {
            .complete_authorization(command)
            .await
            .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "OpenAI authorization"))?;
-        validate_authorization_commit(
+        let prepared = validate_authorization_commit(
            self.provider.provider_kind(),
            &context,
-            &prepared,
+            prepared,
            "OpenAI authorization",
-        )?;
+        )
+        .await?;
        let result = commit_authorization(
            self.accounts.as_ref(),
            prepared,
@@ -191,7 +201,15 @@ impl OpenAiService for DefaultOpenAiService {
            "OpenAI authorization",
        )
        .await?;
+        self.provider
+            .account_facts_changed(std::slice::from_ref(&result.account_id))
+            .await;
        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        self.observe_initial_quotas(
+            std::slice::from_ref(&result.account_id),
+            &context.request_id,
+        )
+        .await;
        Ok(result)
    }

@@ -200,7 +218,6 @@ impl OpenAiService for DefaultOpenAiService {
        command: RotateCredential,
    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
        let context = command.mutation.context;
-        let expected_config_revision = command.mutation.expected_config_revision;
        let account_id = command.mutation.account_id;
        let details = required_credential(
            self.accounts.as_ref(),
@@ -209,17 +226,11 @@ impl OpenAiService for DefaultOpenAiService {
            "OpenAI credential rotation",
        )
        .await?;
-        if details.credential.credential_revision != command.expected_credential_revision {
-            return Err(AdminError::conflict(
-                "OpenAI credential rotation revision is stale",
-            ));
-        }
        let account = details.credential;
        let prepared = self
            .provider
            .prepare_rotation(PrepareCredentialRotation {
                account: account.clone(),
-                expected_credential_revision: command.expected_credential_revision,
                provider_material: command.provider_material,
            })
            .await
@@ -227,12 +238,14 @@ impl OpenAiService for DefaultOpenAiService {
        validate_prepared_rotation(&account, &prepared, "OpenAI credential rotation")?;
        let result = commit_credential_rotation(
            self.accounts.as_ref(),
-            expected_config_revision,
            prepared,
            &context,
            "OpenAI credential rotation",
        )
        .await?;
+        self.provider
+            .account_facts_changed(std::slice::from_ref(&result.account_id))
+            .await;
        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
        Ok(result)
    }
@@ -86,13 +86,12 @@ impl SettingsService for DefaultSettingsService {
        &self,
        context: &MutationContext,
    ) -> Result<RegeneratedAdminApiKey, AdminError> {
-        let settings = self.load().await?;
        let mut bytes = [0_u8; 32];
        OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut bytes);
        let key = AdminApiKey::new(format!("admin-{}", hex::encode(bytes)));
        let mutation = self
            .store
-            .replace_admin_api_key(settings.config_revision, key.clone(), context)
+            .replace_admin_api_key(key.clone(), context)
            .await
            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "administrator API key"))?;
        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), mutation.config_revision).await?;
@@ -103,10 +102,9 @@ impl SettingsService for DefaultSettingsService {
        &self,
        context: &MutationContext,
    ) -> Result<AdminApiKeyMutation, AdminError> {
-        let settings = self.load().await?;
        let mutation = self
            .store
-            .delete_admin_api_key(settings.config_revision, context)
+            .delete_admin_api_key(context)
            .await
            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "administrator API key"))?;
        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), mutation.config_revision).await?;
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ impl XaiService for DefaultXaiService {
        command: ImportCredentials,
    ) -> Result<CredentialImportResult, AdminError> {
        let context = command.context;
-        let expected_config_revision = command.expected_config_revision;
        let prepared = self
            .provider
            .prepare_import(PrepareCredentialImport {
@@ -104,13 +103,7 @@ impl XaiService for DefaultXaiService {
        )?;
        let result = self
            .accounts
-            .commit_credential_import(
-                CredentialImportCommit {
-                    expected_config_revision,
-                    prepared,
-                },
-                &context,
-            )
+            .commit_credential_import(CredentialImportCommit { prepared }, &context)
            .await
            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "xAI credential import"))?;
        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
@@ -155,12 +148,13 @@ impl XaiService for DefaultXaiService {
            .complete_authorization(command)
            .await
            .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "xAI authorization"))?;
-        validate_authorization_commit(
+        let prepared = validate_authorization_commit(
            self.provider.provider_kind(),
            &context,
-            &prepared,
+            prepared,
            "xAI authorization",
-        )?;
+        )
+        .await?;
        let result = commit_authorization(
            self.accounts.as_ref(),
            prepared,
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ fn login_command_debug_should_redact_password() {
    let command = LoginCommand {
        username: None,
        password: "secret-password".to_owned(),
-        source: "127.0.0.1".to_owned(),
    };
    assert!(!format!("{command:?}").contains("secret-password"));
 }
@@ -2,33 +2,34 @@ use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};

 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use chrono::{TimeDelta, Utc};
-use futures::future::BoxFuture;
+use futures::{StreamExt as _, future::BoxFuture};
 use gateway_core::{
    engine::{
        credential::{OpaqueProviderData, ProviderAccountId},
-        probe::{AccountProbe, AccountProbeRequest, AccountProbeResult},
+        probe::{AccountProbe, AccountProbeError, AccountProbeRequest, AccountProbeResult},
    },
-    error::GatewayError,
+    error::{ClientVisibleUpstreamError, GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind},
+    operation::{GenerateRequest, Operation, ProtocolPayload},
    routing::ProviderKind,
 };

 use gateway_admin::{
    AdminServices,
    model::{
-        MutationContext, Revision,
+        AdminError, MutationContext, Revision,
        accounts::{
-            AccountAvailability, AccountListQuery, AccountPage, AccountRecord, AccountSummary,
-            AccountUsage, AccountUsageWindowQuery, AccountUsageWindowResult, DeleteAccounts,
-            SetAccountEnabled,
+            AccountAvailability, AccountConnectionTestEvent, AccountListQuery, AccountPage,
+            AccountRecord, AccountSummary, AccountUsage, AccountUsageWindowQuery,
+            AccountUsageWindowResult, DeleteAccounts, SetAccountEnabled,
        },
        observability::TimeRange,
        provider_credentials::{
-            AuthorizationCommit, AuthorizationCredentialCommit, AuthorizationMutationTarget,
-            AuthorizationStarted, CompleteAuthorization, CredentialCommitGuard, CredentialDetails,
-            CredentialImportCommit, CredentialImportResult, CredentialListQuery,
-            CredentialMutationResult, CredentialPage, CredentialRotationCommit,
-            PendingAuthorizationMutation, PrepareCredentialImport, PrepareCredentialRefresh,
-            PrepareCredentialRotation, PreparedAuthorizationCommit,
+            AuthorizationCommit, AuthorizationCommitGuard, AuthorizationCredentialCommit,
+            AuthorizationMutationTarget, AuthorizationStarted, CompleteAuthorization,
+            CredentialCommitGuard, CredentialDetails, CredentialImportCommit,
+            CredentialImportResult, CredentialListQuery, CredentialMutationResult, CredentialPage,
+            CredentialRotationCommit, PendingAuthorizationMutation, PrepareCredentialImport,
+            PrepareCredentialRefresh, PrepareCredentialRotation, PreparedAuthorizationCommit,
            PreparedAuthorizationCredential, PreparedCredentialCreate, PreparedCredentialImport,
            PreparedCredentialRotation, PreparedCredentialRotationFacts, ProviderDocument,
            ProviderExport, ProviderExportCredentialInput, ProviderModels, ProviderQuota,
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ use gateway_admin::{
        },
    },
 };
+use serde_json::{Map, json};

 pub(super) type EventLog = Arc<Mutex<Vec<&'static str>>>;

@@ -56,11 +58,13 @@ pub(super) struct FakeProviderAdmin {
    events: EventLog,
    failure: Mutex<Option<ProviderAdminErrorKind>>,
    quota_failure: Mutex<Option<ProviderAdminErrorKind>>,
-    pending: Mutex<Option<PendingAuthorizationMutation>>,
+    pending: Arc<Mutex<Option<PendingAuthorizationMutation>>>,
+    retry_authorization_after_abort: Mutex<bool>,
    export_inputs: Mutex<Vec<ProviderExportCredentialInput>>,
    import_account_ids: Mutex<Vec<String>>,
    quota_requests: Mutex<Vec<ProviderQuotaRequest>>,
    quota: Mutex<ProviderQuota>,
+    current_credential_revision: Mutex<Revision>,
 }

 impl FakeProviderAdmin {
@@ -70,11 +74,13 @@ impl FakeProviderAdmin {
            events,
            failure: Mutex::new(None),
            quota_failure: Mutex::new(None),
-            pending: Mutex::new(None),
+            pending: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
+            retry_authorization_after_abort: Mutex::new(false),
            export_inputs: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
            import_account_ids: Mutex::new(vec!["acct_prepared".to_owned()]),
            quota_requests: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
            quota: Mutex::new(empty_quota()),
+            current_credential_revision: Mutex::new(revision(1)),
        })
    }

@@ -111,6 +117,20 @@ impl FakeProviderAdmin {
        self.pending.lock().expect("pending authorization").clone()
    }

+    pub(super) fn retry_authorization_after_abort(&self) {
+        *self
+            .retry_authorization_after_abort
+            .lock()
+            .expect("authorization retry") = true;
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn set_current_credential_revision(&self, revision: Revision) {
+        *self
+            .current_credential_revision
+            .lock()
+            .expect("current credential revision") = revision;
+    }
+
    fn export_inputs(&self) -> Vec<ProviderExportCredentialInput> {
        self.export_inputs.lock().expect("export inputs").clone()
    }
@@ -131,7 +151,11 @@ impl FakeProviderAdmin {
            PreparedCredentialRotationFacts {
                account_id: ProviderAccountId::new(account.id.clone()).expect("account ID"),
                provider_kind: account.provider_kind.clone(),
-                expected_credential_revision: account.credential_revision,
+                expected_credential_revision: *self
+                    .current_credential_revision
+                    .lock()
+                    .expect("current credential revision"),
+                replacement_identity: None,
                name: account.name.clone(),
                email: account.email.clone(),
                plan_type: account.plan_type.clone(),
@@ -157,12 +181,28 @@ impl ProviderAdmin for FakeProviderAdmin {
        self.record("provider.account_unavailable");
    }

+    async fn account_facts_changed(&self, _: &[ProviderAccountId]) {
+        self.record("provider.account_facts_changed");
+    }
+
    fn connection_test_operation(
        &self,
-        _: &gateway_core::routing::UpstreamModelId,
-        _: &str,
+        model: &gateway_core::routing::UpstreamModelId,
+        input: &str,
    ) -> Result<gateway_core::operation::Operation, ProviderAdminError> {
-        Err(ProviderAdminError::new(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unsupported))
+        let payload = ProtocolPayload::json_object(
+            "openai",
+            Map::from_iter([
+                ("model".to_owned(), json!(model.as_str())),
+                ("input".to_owned(), json!(input)),
+                ("stream".to_owned(), json!(true)),
+                ("store".to_owned(), json!(false)),
+            ]),
+        )
+        .map_err(|_| ProviderAdminError::new(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid))?;
+        Ok(Operation::Generate(GenerateRequest::from_protocol_payload(
+            payload,
+        )))
    }

    fn dashboard_wire_profile(
@@ -232,23 +272,31 @@ impl ProviderAdmin for FakeProviderAdmin {
        if !pending.owner_binding().matches_context(&command.context) {
            return Err(ProviderAdminError::new(ProviderAdminErrorKind::NotFound));
        }
+        let retry_pending = (*self
+            .retry_authorization_after_abort
+            .lock()
+            .expect("authorization retry"))
+        .then(|| pending.clone());
        let credential = match pending.target() {
            AuthorizationMutationTarget::Create { name } => {
                PreparedAuthorizationCredential::Create(prepared_create(self.kind.clone(), name))
            }
-            AuthorizationMutationTarget::Reauthorize {
-                account_id,
-                expected_credential_revision,
-            } => {
+            AuthorizationMutationTarget::Reauthorize { account_id } => {
                let mut account = account_record(self.kind.as_str());
                account.id = account_id.as_str().to_owned();
-                account.credential_revision = *expected_credential_revision;
                PreparedAuthorizationCredential::Reauthorize(self.prepared_rotation(&account))
            }
        };
-        Ok(PreparedAuthorizationCommit {
-            pending,
-            credential,
+        let prepared = PreparedAuthorizationCommit::new(pending, credential);
+        Ok(match retry_pending {
+            Some(pending) => {
+                prepared.with_authorization_guard(Box::new(RetryableAuthorizationGuard::new(
+                    self.events.clone(),
+                    Arc::clone(&self.pending),
+                    pending,
+                )))
+            }
+            None => prepared,
        })
    }

@@ -326,20 +374,24 @@ impl ProviderAdmin for FakeProviderAdmin {
 pub(super) struct FakeAccountStore {
    events: EventLog,
    account: AccountRecord,
+    account_after_probe: Mutex<Option<AccountRecord>>,
    fail_commit: Mutex<bool>,
    audit_requests: Mutex<Vec<String>>,
-    authorization_revision: Mutex<Option<Revision>>,
    quota_window_usage: Mutex<Vec<AccountUsageWindowResult>>,
 }

 impl FakeAccountStore {
    pub(super) fn new(kind: &str, events: EventLog) -> Arc<Self> {
+        Self::with_account(account_record(kind), events)
+    }
+
+    fn with_account(account: AccountRecord, events: EventLog) -> Arc<Self> {
        Arc::new(Self {
            events,
-            account: account_record(kind),
+            account,
+            account_after_probe: Mutex::new(None),
            fail_commit: Mutex::new(false),
            audit_requests: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
-            authorization_revision: Mutex::new(None),
            quota_window_usage: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
        })
    }
@@ -352,17 +404,17 @@ impl FakeAccountStore {
        self.audit_requests.lock().expect("audit requests").clone()
    }

-    pub(super) fn authorization_revision(&self) -> Option<Revision> {
-        *self
-            .authorization_revision
-            .lock()
-            .expect("authorization revision")
-    }
-
    pub(super) fn set_quota_window_usage(&self, usage: Vec<AccountUsageWindowResult>) {
        *self.quota_window_usage.lock().expect("quota window usage") = usage;
    }

+    fn set_account_after_probe(&self, account: AccountRecord) {
+        *self
+            .account_after_probe
+            .lock()
+            .expect("account after probe") = Some(account);
+    }
+
    fn record(&self, event: &'static str) {
        self.events.lock().expect("store events").push(event);
    }
@@ -395,14 +447,20 @@ impl AccountStore for FakeAccountStore {
                total: 1,
                active: 1,
                quota_exhausted: 0,
-                attention: 0,
+                unavailable: 0,
            },
        })
    }

    async fn load_account(&self, account_id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AccountRecord>> {
        self.record("store.load_account");
-        Ok((account_id == self.account.id).then(|| self.account.clone()))
+        let account = self
+            .account_after_probe
+            .lock()
+            .expect("account after probe")
+            .clone()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.account.clone());
+        Ok((account_id == account.id.as_str()).then_some(account))
    }

    async fn load_account_usage(
@@ -505,10 +563,6 @@ impl AccountStore for FakeAccountStore {
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<CredentialMutationResult> {
        self.record("store.commit_authorization");
        self.record_context(context);
-        *self
-            .authorization_revision
-            .lock()
-            .expect("authorization revision") = Some(command.pending.expected_config_revision());
        self.require_commit()?;
        let (account_id, credential_revision) = match command.credential {
            AuthorizationCredentialCommit::Create(credential) => (credential.account_id, None),
@@ -613,7 +667,6 @@ impl SettingsStore for StaticSettingsStore {

    async fn replace_admin_api_key(
        &self,
-        _: Revision,
        _: AdminApiKey,
        _: &MutationContext,
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
@@ -622,7 +675,6 @@ impl SettingsStore for StaticSettingsStore {

    async fn delete_admin_api_key(
        &self,
-        _: Revision,
        _: &MutationContext,
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
        Err(store_unavailable())
@@ -661,6 +713,51 @@ impl Drop for RecordingGuard {
    }
 }

+struct RetryableAuthorizationGuard {
+    events: EventLog,
+    pending: Arc<Mutex<Option<PendingAuthorizationMutation>>>,
+    authorization: PendingAuthorizationMutation,
+}
+
+impl RetryableAuthorizationGuard {
+    fn new(
+        events: EventLog,
+        pending: Arc<Mutex<Option<PendingAuthorizationMutation>>>,
+        authorization: PendingAuthorizationMutation,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            events,
+            pending,
+            authorization,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AuthorizationCommitGuard for RetryableAuthorizationGuard {
+    async fn commit(self: Box<Self>) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+        self.events
+            .lock()
+            .expect("authorization guard events")
+            .push("authorization_guard.commit");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn abort(self: Box<Self>) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+        let Self {
+            events,
+            pending,
+            authorization,
+        } = *self;
+        *pending.lock().expect("pending authorization") = Some(authorization);
+        events
+            .lock()
+            .expect("authorization guard events")
+            .push("authorization_guard.abort");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn provider_registry_should_resolve_custom_kind_without_central_match() {
    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("custom-provider", events());
@@ -686,6 +783,99 @@ fn provider_registry_should_reject_duplicate_kind() {
    ));
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn connection_test_should_probe_unavailable_account() {
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("xai", events());
+    let mut account = account_record("xai");
+    account.availability = AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted;
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::with_account(account, events());
+    let services =
+        accounts_service_with_probe(provider, store, Arc::new(FailingAccountProbe)).await;
+
+    let events = services
+        .accounts()
+        .test_connection(
+            ProviderAccountId::new("acct_test").expect("account ID"),
+            gateway_core::routing::UpstreamModelId::new("grok-4.5").expect("model"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("connection test stream")
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .await;
+
+    assert!(matches!(
+        events.last(),
+        Some(AccountConnectionTestEvent::Failed {
+            message,
+            provider_error_code: Some(code),
+            provider_error_type: Some(error_type),
+            account_status: gateway_admin::model::accounts::AccountStatus::QuotaExhausted,
+            ..
+        }) if message == "included usage exhausted"
+            && code == "usage_exhausted"
+            && error_type == "invalid_request_error"
+    ));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn connection_test_reloads_resettable_usage_limit_status_after_probe() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("xai", events.clone());
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("xai", events);
+    let probe = Arc::new(FreeModelQuotaProbe {
+        store: Arc::clone(&store),
+    });
+    let services = accounts_service_with_probe(provider, store, probe).await;
+
+    let events = services
+        .accounts()
+        .test_connection(
+            ProviderAccountId::new("acct_test").expect("account ID"),
+            gateway_core::routing::UpstreamModelId::new("grok-4.5").expect("model"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("connection test stream")
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .await;
+
+    assert!(matches!(
+        events.last(),
+        Some(AccountConnectionTestEvent::Failed {
+            account_status: gateway_admin::model::accounts::AccountStatus::QuotaExhausted,
+            ..
+        })
+    ));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn connection_test_should_preserve_disabled_account_status() {
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("xai", events());
+    let mut account = account_record("xai");
+    account.enabled = false;
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::with_account(account, events());
+    let services =
+        accounts_service_with_probe(provider, store, Arc::new(FailingAccountProbe)).await;
+
+    let events = services
+        .accounts()
+        .test_connection(
+            ProviderAccountId::new("acct_test").expect("account ID"),
+            gateway_core::routing::UpstreamModelId::new("grok-4.5").expect("model"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("connection test stream")
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .await;
+
+    assert!(matches!(
+        events.last(),
+        Some(AccountConnectionTestEvent::Failed {
+            account_status: gateway_admin::model::accounts::AccountStatus::Disabled,
+            ..
+        })
+    ));
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn accounts_export_should_pass_store_loaded_timestamps_and_material_to_provider() {
    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events());
@@ -724,7 +914,6 @@ async fn accounts_refresh_should_keep_guard_through_store_commit() {
        .accounts()
        .refresh(
            &context("refresh-request"),
-            revision(1),
            ProviderAccountId::new("acct_test").expect("account ID"),
        )
        .await
@@ -743,6 +932,7 @@ async fn accounts_refresh_should_keep_guard_through_store_commit() {
            "provider.prepare_refresh",
            "store.commit_refresh",
            "guard.finish",
+            "provider.account_facts_changed",
            "store.load_account",
        ]
    );
@@ -777,6 +967,36 @@ async fn accounts_list_should_return_complete_directory_semantics() {
    );
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn accounts_list_should_prefer_usage_limit_exhaustion_over_stale_token_expiry() {
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events());
+    let mut account = account_record("openai");
+    account.availability = AccountAvailability::Cooldown;
+    account.availability_reason = Some("usage_limit_exhausted".to_owned());
+    account.cooldown_until = Some(Utc::now() + TimeDelta::minutes(5));
+    account.access_token_expires_at = Some(Utc::now() - TimeDelta::minutes(5));
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::with_account(account, events());
+
+    let page = accounts_service(provider, store)
+        .await
+        .accounts()
+        .list(AccountListQuery {
+            page: 1,
+            page_size: gateway_admin::model::PageSize::new(20).expect("page size"),
+            provider_kind: None,
+            search: None,
+            status: None,
+            sort: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("usage-limited account directory");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        page.items.first().expect("account item").status,
+        gateway_admin::model::accounts::AccountStatus::QuotaExhausted,
+    );
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn accounts_list_should_attach_local_usage_to_quota_windows() {
    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events());
@@ -837,7 +1057,6 @@ async fn accounts_refresh_provider_failure_should_not_call_store_commit() {
        .accounts()
        .refresh(
            &context("refresh-provider-error"),
-            revision(1),
            ProviderAccountId::new("acct_test").expect("account ID"),
        )
        .await
@@ -850,7 +1069,7 @@ async fn accounts_refresh_provider_failure_should_not_call_store_commit() {
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn accounts_refresh_store_failure_should_drop_guard_after_cas_attempt() {
+async fn accounts_refresh_store_failure_should_drop_guard_after_commit_attempt() {
    let events = events();
    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events.clone());
@@ -861,11 +1080,10 @@ async fn accounts_refresh_store_failure_should_drop_guard_after_cas_attempt() {
        .accounts()
        .refresh(
            &context("refresh-store-error"),
-            revision(1),
            ProviderAccountId::new("acct_test").expect("account ID"),
        )
        .await
-        .expect_err("Store CAS must fail");
+        .expect_err("Store commit must fail");

    assert_eq!(
        recorded(&events),
@@ -994,7 +1212,7 @@ fn prepared_create_with_id(

 fn rotation_result(command: CredentialRotationCommit) -> CredentialMutationResult {
    CredentialMutationResult {
-        config_revision: revision(command.expected_config_revision.get() + 1),
+        config_revision: revision(2),
        account_id: command.prepared.account_id,
        credential_revision: Some(revision(
            command.prepared.expected_credential_revision.get() + 1,
@@ -1005,12 +1223,20 @@ fn rotation_result(command: CredentialRotationCommit) -> CredentialMutationResul
 async fn accounts_service(
    provider: Arc<FakeProviderAdmin>,
    store: Arc<FakeAccountStore>,
+) -> AdminServices {
+    accounts_service_with_probe(provider, store, Arc::new(SuccessfulAccountProbe)).await
+}
+
+async fn accounts_service_with_probe(
+    provider: Arc<FakeProviderAdmin>,
+    store: Arc<FakeAccountStore>,
+    probe: Arc<dyn AccountProbe>,
 ) -> AdminServices {
    super::AdminHarness::new()
        .accounts(store)
        .settings(Arc::new(StaticSettingsStore))
        .provider(provider)
-        .probe(Arc::new(SuccessfulAccountProbe))
+        .probe(probe)
        .build()
        .await
 }
@@ -1021,7 +1247,7 @@ impl AccountProbe for SuccessfulAccountProbe {
    fn probe(
        &self,
        _: AccountProbeRequest,
-    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<AccountProbeResult, GatewayError>> {
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<AccountProbeResult, AccountProbeError>> {
        Box::pin(async {
            Ok(AccountProbeResult {
                text: vec!["OK".to_owned()],
@@ -1030,6 +1256,53 @@ impl AccountProbe for SuccessfulAccountProbe {
    }
 }

+struct FailingAccountProbe;
+
+impl AccountProbe for FailingAccountProbe {
+    fn probe(
+        &self,
+        _: AccountProbeRequest,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<AccountProbeResult, AccountProbeError>> {
+        Box::pin(async {
+            let detail = ClientVisibleUpstreamError::new(
+                "included usage exhausted",
+                Some("usage_exhausted".to_owned()),
+                Some("invalid_request_error".to_owned()),
+            );
+            Err(GatewayError::new(
+                GatewayErrorKind::RateLimited,
+                "upstream capacity is temporarily unavailable",
+            )
+            .with_client_visible_upstream_error(detail)
+            .into())
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+struct FreeModelQuotaProbe {
+    store: Arc<FakeAccountStore>,
+}
+
+impl AccountProbe for FreeModelQuotaProbe {
+    fn probe(
+        &self,
+        _: AccountProbeRequest,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<AccountProbeResult, AccountProbeError>> {
+        Box::pin(async move {
+            let mut account = account_record("xai");
+            account.availability = AccountAvailability::Cooldown;
+            account.availability_reason = Some("usage_limit_exhausted".to_owned());
+            account.cooldown_until = Some(Utc::now() + TimeDelta::hours(24));
+            self.store.set_account_after_probe(account);
+            Err(GatewayError::new(
+                GatewayErrorKind::RateLimited,
+                "xAI free model quota is exhausted",
+            )
+            .into())
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 fn store_unavailable() -> AdminStoreError {
    AdminStoreError::new(
        AdminStoreErrorKind::Unavailable,
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Mutex};

 use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{TimeDelta, Utc};

 use gateway_admin::{
    model::{
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@ struct MemoryAuthStore {
    password_hash: Mutex<Option<String>>,
    sessions: Mutex<BTreeMap<String, AdminSession>>,
    audits: Mutex<Vec<AdminAuditEvent>>,
-    failures: Mutex<u32>,
 }

 #[async_trait]
@@ -66,31 +66,6 @@ impl AuthStore for MemoryAuthStore {
        Ok(self.sessions.lock().expect("sessions").remove(session_id))
    }

-    async fn login_source_is_throttled(
-        &self,
-        _: &str,
-        failure_limit: u32,
-        _: u64,
-    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
-        Ok(*self.failures.lock().expect("failures") >= failure_limit)
-    }
-
-    async fn record_login_failure(
-        &self,
-        _: &str,
-        failure_limit: u32,
-        _: u64,
-    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
-        let mut failures = self.failures.lock().expect("failures");
-        *failures += 1;
-        Ok(*failures >= failure_limit)
-    }
-
-    async fn clear_login_failures(&self, _: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
-        *self.failures.lock().expect("failures") = 0;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
    async fn append_audit_event(&self, event: AdminAuditEvent) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
        self.audits.lock().expect("audits").push(event);
        Ok(())
@@ -107,7 +82,6 @@ async fn successful_login_should_create_expiring_session_and_audit() {
        .login(LoginCommand {
            username: Some("admin".to_owned()),
            password: "strong-test-password".to_owned(),
-            source: "127.0.0.1".to_owned(),
        })
        .await
        .expect("login");
@@ -142,9 +116,38 @@ async fn repeated_default_initialization_should_not_replace_password() {
            .login(LoginCommand {
                username: Some("admin".to_owned()),
                password: "first-strong-password".to_owned(),
-                source: "127.0.0.1".to_owned(),
            })
            .await
            .is_ok()
    );
 }
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn login_with_huge_session_ttl_should_clamp_expiry_instead_of_panicking() {
+    let store = std::sync::Arc::new(MemoryAuthStore::default());
+    let services = super::AdminHarness::new()
+        .auth(store.clone())
+        .session_ttl_minutes(i64::MAX as u64)
+        .build()
+        .await;
+
+    let before = Utc::now();
+    let result = services
+        .auth()
+        .login(LoginCommand {
+            username: Some("admin".to_owned()),
+            password: "strong-test-password".to_owned(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("login with huge session TTL");
+
+    assert!(result.expires_at > before);
+    assert!(result.expires_at <= before + TimeDelta::days(366) + TimeDelta::minutes(1));
+    assert!(
+        services
+            .auth()
+            .validate_session(Some(&result.session_id))
+            .await
+            .expect("validate")
+    );
+}
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ use gateway_admin::{
 use gateway_core::{
    engine::{
        credential::ProviderAccountId,
-        probe::{AccountProbe, AccountProbeRequest, AccountProbeResult},
+        probe::{AccountProbe, AccountProbeError, AccountProbeRequest, AccountProbeResult},
    },
    error::{GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind},
    policy::ClientApiKeyId,
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ use gateway_core::{

 pub(super) struct AdminHarness {
    default_password: String,
+    session_ttl_minutes: u64,
    accounts: Arc<dyn AccountStore>,
    auth: Arc<dyn AuthStore>,
    client_keys: Arc<dyn ClientKeyStore>,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ impl AdminHarness {
        let unavailable = Arc::new(UnavailableStore);
        Self {
            default_password: "strong-test-password".to_owned(),
+            session_ttl_minutes: 60,
            accounts: unavailable.clone(),
            auth: Arc::new(BootstrapAuthStore::default()),
            client_keys: unavailable.clone(),
@@ -103,6 +105,11 @@ impl AdminHarness {
        self
    }

+    pub(super) fn session_ttl_minutes(mut self, minutes: u64) -> Self {
+        self.session_ttl_minutes = minutes;
+        self
+    }
+
    pub(super) fn accounts(mut self, store: Arc<dyn AccountStore>) -> Self {
        self.accounts = store;
        self
@@ -148,7 +155,7 @@ impl AdminHarness {
    pub(super) async fn build(self) -> AdminServices {
        gateway_admin::initialize(
            AdminConfig {
-                session_ttl_minutes: 60,
+                session_ttl_minutes: self.session_ttl_minutes,
                default_username: "admin".to_owned(),
                default_password: InitialAdminPassword::new(self.default_password),
            },
@@ -210,18 +217,6 @@ impl AuthStore for BootstrapAuthStore {
        Err(unavailable("admin session"))
    }

-    async fn login_source_is_throttled(&self, _: &str, _: u32, _: u64) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
-        Ok(false)
-    }
-
-    async fn record_login_failure(&self, _: &str, _: u32, _: u64) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
-        Err(unavailable("login failure"))
-    }
-
-    async fn clear_login_failures(&self, _: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
    async fn append_audit_event(&self, _: AdminAuditEvent) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
        Ok(())
    }
@@ -454,7 +449,6 @@ impl SettingsStore for UnavailableStore {

    async fn replace_admin_api_key(
        &self,
-        _: Revision,
        _: AdminApiKey,
        _: &MutationContext,
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
@@ -463,7 +457,6 @@ impl SettingsStore for UnavailableStore {

    async fn delete_admin_api_key(
        &self,
-        _: Revision,
        _: &MutationContext,
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
        Err(unavailable("admin API key"))
@@ -654,12 +647,13 @@ impl AccountProbe for UnavailableProbe {
    fn probe(
        &self,
        _: AccountProbeRequest,
-    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<AccountProbeResult, GatewayError>> {
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<AccountProbeResult, AccountProbeError>> {
        Box::pin(async {
            Err(GatewayError::new(
                GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
                "test account probe is unavailable",
-            ))
+            )
+            .into())
        })
    }
 }
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use std::{
+    num::NonZeroU32,
    str::FromStr as _,
    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
 };
@@ -9,13 +10,14 @@ use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, Timelike as _, Utc};
 use gateway_admin::{
    AdminServices,
    model::{
-        MutationContext, Revision,
+        MutationContext, PageSize, Revision,
        observability::{
            AccountPoolMetrics, AttemptMetrics, CostCoverage, CurrencyCost, DashboardObservation,
            DashboardRuntimeSlots, DiagnosticDimension, DiagnosticObservation, Granularity,
-            HealthStatus, OpsErrorPage, OpsErrorQuery, RequestMetricPoint, RequestMetrics,
-            TimeRange, TrendKind, UsageCalculatedBillingFact, UsageDetail, UsageFilter,
-            UsageOverview, UsagePage, UsageQuery,
+            HealthStatus, OpsErrorPage, OpsErrorQuery, PageNumber, RequestMetricPoint,
+            RequestMetrics, RequestOutcome, TimeRange, TrendKind, UsageBilling,
+            UsageCalculatedBillingFact, UsageDetail, UsageFilter, UsageOverview, UsagePage,
+            UsageQuery, UsageRecord, china_day_start,
        },
        settings::{
            AdminApiKey, AdminApiKeyMutation, ReplaceRuntimeSettings, RotationStrategy,
@@ -247,6 +249,7 @@ async fn observability_services_should_calculate_usage_insights_and_diagnostic_s
        bucket_start: quarter_hour_start(now),
        provider_kind: "openai".to_owned(),
        upstream_model_id: "gpt-5.5".to_owned(),
+        service_tier: None,
        input_tokens: Some(800),
        output_tokens: Some(200),
        cached_tokens: Some(0),
@@ -318,12 +321,80 @@ async fn observability_services_should_calculate_usage_insights_and_diagnostic_s
    assert_eq!(diagnostics.items[1].request_share, 0.25);
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn usage_records_should_tolerate_records_that_fail_billing_enrichment() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let store = Arc::new(FixtureObservabilityStore::new(observation_range(now)));
+    let invalid_kind = "x".repeat(65);
+    store.replace_usage_records(vec![
+        total_record(
+            "request_invalid_kind",
+            Some(&invalid_kind),
+            "calculated",
+            now,
+        ),
+        total_record(
+            "request_unregistered_kind",
+            Some("anthropic"),
+            "calculated",
+            now,
+        ),
+        total_record("request_enriched", Some("openai"), "calculated", now),
+    ]);
+    let services = observability_services_with_calculated_billing(store).await;
+
+    let page = services
+        .observability()
+        .usage_records(usage_query(now))
+        .await
+        .expect("one bad record must not fail the whole usage list");
+
+    assert_eq!(page.items.len(), 3);
+    assert!(
+        matches!(page.items[0].billing, Some(UsageBilling::Total { .. })),
+        "invalid Provider kind keeps the stored total"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        matches!(page.items[1].billing, Some(UsageBilling::Total { .. })),
+        "unregistered Provider kind keeps the stored total"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        matches!(page.items[2].billing, Some(UsageBilling::Calculated(_))),
+        "healthy record is still enriched"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn usage_records_should_enrich_provider_reported_totals_when_pricing_matches() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let store = Arc::new(FixtureObservabilityStore::new(observation_range(now)));
+    store.replace_usage_records(vec![total_record(
+        "request_provider_reported",
+        Some("openai"),
+        "provider_reported",
+        now,
+    )]);
+    let services = observability_services_with_calculated_billing(store).await;
+
+    let page = services
+        .observability()
+        .usage_records(usage_query(now))
+        .await
+        .expect("usage records");
+
+    assert!(matches!(
+        page.items[0].billing,
+        Some(UsageBilling::Calculated(_))
+    ));
+}
+
 struct FixtureObservabilityStore {
    trend: Mutex<Vec<RequestMetricPoint>>,
    overview: Mutex<UsageOverview>,
    calculated_billing_facts: Mutex<Vec<UsageCalculatedBillingFact>>,
    diagnostics: Mutex<Vec<DiagnosticObservation>>,
    runtime_slots: Mutex<Option<DashboardRuntimeSlots>>,
+    usage_records: Mutex<Vec<UsageRecord>>,
 }

 impl FixtureObservabilityStore {
@@ -339,6 +410,7 @@ impl FixtureObservabilityStore {
            calculated_billing_facts: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
            diagnostics: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
            runtime_slots: Mutex::new(None),
+            usage_records: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
        }
    }

@@ -364,6 +436,10 @@ impl FixtureObservabilityStore {
    fn replace_runtime_slots(&self, runtime_slots: Option<DashboardRuntimeSlots>) {
        *self.runtime_slots.lock().expect("runtime slots") = runtime_slots;
    }
+
+    fn replace_usage_records(&self, records: Vec<UsageRecord>) {
+        *self.usage_records.lock().expect("usage records") = records;
+    }
 }

 #[async_trait]
@@ -412,7 +488,13 @@ impl ObservabilityStore for FixtureObservabilityStore {
    }

    async fn list_usage_records(&self, _: UsageQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<UsagePage> {
-        Err(super::unavailable("usage records"))
+        let items = self.usage_records.lock().expect("usage records").clone();
+        let total = u64::try_from(items.len()).unwrap_or(u64::MAX);
+        Ok(UsagePage {
+            items,
+            total,
+            next_cursor: None,
+        })
    }

    async fn usage_record_detail(&self, _: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<UsageDetail> {
@@ -471,7 +553,6 @@ impl SettingsStore for FixtureSettingsStore {

    async fn replace_admin_api_key(
        &self,
-        _: Revision,
        _: AdminApiKey,
        _: &MutationContext,
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
@@ -480,7 +561,6 @@ impl SettingsStore for FixtureSettingsStore {

    async fn delete_admin_api_key(
        &self,
-        _: Revision,
        _: &MutationContext,
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
        Err(super::unavailable("admin API key"))
@@ -511,6 +591,98 @@ fn observation_range(end: DateTime<Utc>) -> TimeRange {
    TimeRange::new(end - Duration::hours(24), end).expect("observation range")
 }

+fn usage_query(now: DateTime<Utc>) -> UsageQuery {
+    UsageQuery {
+        range: observation_range(now),
+        filter: UsageFilter::default(),
+        cursor: None,
+        page: PageNumber::new(NonZeroU32::new(1).expect("page number")),
+        page_size: PageSize::new(50).expect("page size"),
+    }
+}
+
+fn total_record(
+    id: &str,
+    provider_kind: Option<&str>,
+    source: &str,
+    now: DateTime<Utc>,
+) -> UsageRecord {
+    UsageRecord {
+        id: id.to_owned(),
+        client_api_key_ref: "key_billing".to_owned(),
+        config_revision: 1,
+        protocol: "openai".to_owned(),
+        operation: "generate".to_owned(),
+        endpoint: "/v1/responses".to_owned(),
+        client_transport: "http_sse".to_owned(),
+        requested_model_id: "gpt-5.5".to_owned(),
+        provider_kind: provider_kind.map(str::to_owned),
+        provider_account_ref: None,
+        provider_account_name: None,
+        provider_account_email: None,
+        provider_account_authentication_kind: None,
+        upstream_model_id: Some("gpt-5.5".to_owned()),
+        upstream_transport: None,
+        http_version: None,
+        websocket_pool: None,
+        service_tier: None,
+        provider_metadata_json: None,
+        attempt_count: 1,
+        upstream_send_state: "sent".to_owned(),
+        downstream_committed_at: None,
+        outcome: RequestOutcome::Succeeded,
+        client_status_code: Some(200),
+        upstream_status_code: Some(200),
+        client_response_id: None,
+        upstream_request_id: None,
+        upstream_response_id: None,
+        error_kind: None,
+        provider_error_code: None,
+        error_message: None,
+        retry_after_ms: None,
+        input_tokens: Some(800),
+        output_tokens: Some(200),
+        cached_tokens: Some(0),
+        cache_write_tokens: Some(0),
+        reasoning_tokens: Some(0),
+        image_input_tokens: None,
+        image_output_tokens: None,
+        total_tokens: Some(1_000),
+        cost_source: source.to_owned(),
+        cost_amount: None,
+        cost_currency: None,
+        billing: Some(UsageBilling::Total {
+            source: source.to_owned(),
+            total: CurrencyCost {
+                currency: "USD".to_owned(),
+                amount: gateway_admin::model::observability::DecimalAmount::from_str("1.25")
+                    .expect("billing total"),
+            },
+        }),
+        transport_decision_wait_ms: None,
+        connect_ms: None,
+        headers_ms: None,
+        first_event_ms: None,
+        first_reasoning_ms: None,
+        first_text_ms: None,
+        first_token_ms: None,
+        provider_processing_ms: None,
+        latency_ms: Some(100),
+        client_ip: None,
+        user_agent: None,
+        reasoning_effort: None,
+        reasoning_preset: None,
+        request_kind: None,
+        subagent_kind: None,
+        compact: false,
+        image_generation_requested: false,
+        image_generation_succeeded: None,
+        started_at: now,
+        deadline_at: now,
+        completed_at: Some(now),
+    }
+}
+
 fn health_metric_point(bucket_start: DateTime<Utc>, metrics: RequestMetrics) -> RequestMetricPoint {
    RequestMetricPoint {
        bucket_start,
@@ -535,11 +707,6 @@ fn diagnostic(name: &str, request_count: u64) -> DiagnosticObservation {
    }
 }

-fn china_day_start(value: DateTime<Utc>) -> DateTime<Utc> {
-    let elapsed = (value.timestamp() + 8 * 60 * 60).rem_euclid(24 * 60 * 60);
-    value - Duration::seconds(elapsed) - Duration::nanoseconds(i64::from(value.nanosecond()))
-}
-
 fn quarter_hour_start(value: DateTime<Utc>) -> DateTime<Utc> {
    let elapsed = value.timestamp().rem_euclid(15 * 60);
    value - Duration::seconds(elapsed) - Duration::nanoseconds(i64::from(value.nanosecond()))
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use gateway_admin::{
    AdminServices,
    model::provider_credentials::{
        AuthorizationMutationTarget, CompleteAuthorization, CredentialDeletion, CredentialMutation,
-        ImportCredentials, ProviderQuotaRequest, ReauthorizationTarget, StartAuthorization,
+        ImportCredentials, ProviderQuotaRequest, StartAuthorization,
    },
    ports::provider::ProviderAdminErrorKind,
 };
@@ -30,7 +30,11 @@ async fn openai_enable_should_use_scoped_store_without_provider_mutation() {

    assert_eq!(
        recorded(&events),
-        ["store.credential_details", "store.set_enabled"]
+        [
+            "store.credential_details",
+            "store.set_enabled",
+            "provider.account_facts_changed",
+        ]
    );
    assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["request-openai"]);
 }
@@ -54,6 +58,7 @@ async fn openai_disable_should_commit_then_release_provider_resources() {
            "store.credential_details",
            "store.set_enabled",
            "provider.account_unavailable",
+            "provider.account_facts_changed",
        ]
    );
    assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["request-openai"]);
@@ -78,6 +83,7 @@ async fn openai_delete_should_commit_then_release_provider_resources() {
            "store.credential_details",
            "store.delete",
            "provider.account_unavailable",
+            "provider.account_facts_changed",
        ]
    );
    assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["request-openai"]);
@@ -114,7 +120,6 @@ async fn openai_import_should_prepare_before_atomic_store_commit() {
        .openai()
        .import_document(ImportCredentials {
            context: context("import-openai"),
-            expected_config_revision: revision(1),
            document: document(),
        })
        .await
@@ -125,6 +130,7 @@ async fn openai_import_should_prepare_before_atomic_store_commit() {
        [
            "provider.prepare_import",
            "store.commit_import",
+            "provider.account_facts_changed",
            "provider.quota",
        ]
    );
@@ -151,7 +157,6 @@ async fn openai_import_should_refresh_quota_for_every_imported_account() {
        .openai()
        .import_document(ImportCredentials {
            context: context("import-openai-batch"),
-            expected_config_revision: revision(1),
            document: document(),
        })
        .await
@@ -193,7 +198,6 @@ async fn openai_import_should_remain_successful_when_quota_refresh_fails() {
        .openai()
        .import_document(ImportCredentials {
            context: context("import-openai-quota-failure"),
-            expected_config_revision: revision(1),
            document: document(),
        })
        .await
@@ -206,6 +210,135 @@ async fn openai_import_should_remain_successful_when_quota_refresh_fails() {
    assert_eq!(provider.quota_requests().len(), 1);
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn openai_authorization_create_should_observe_initial_quota() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events.clone());
+    let services = service(provider.clone(), store.clone()).await;
+
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .start_authorization(StartAuthorization {
+            context: context("oauth-start-openai-create"),
+            name: "new OpenAI credential".to_owned(),
+            reauthorization: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("start authorization");
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .complete_authorization(CompleteAuthorization {
+            context: context("oauth-start-openai-create"),
+            flow_id: "flow-test".to_owned(),
+            callback_url: "http://localhost/callback?code=test&state=test".to_owned(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("complete authorization");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        recorded(&events),
+        [
+            "provider.start_authorization",
+            "provider.complete_authorization",
+            "store.commit_authorization",
+            "provider.account_facts_changed",
+            "provider.quota",
+        ]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        provider.quota_requests(),
+        [ProviderQuotaRequest {
+            account_id: ProviderAccountId::new("acct_prepared").expect("account ID"),
+            refresh: true,
+            rolling_usage: None,
+        }]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["oauth-start-openai-create"]);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn openai_authorization_create_should_remain_successful_when_initial_quota_fails() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
+    provider.fail_next_quota(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unavailable);
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events);
+    let services = service(provider.clone(), store).await;
+
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .start_authorization(StartAuthorization {
+            context: context("oauth-start-openai-quota-failure"),
+            name: "new OpenAI credential".to_owned(),
+            reauthorization: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("start authorization");
+    let result = services
+        .openai()
+        .complete_authorization(CompleteAuthorization {
+            context: context("oauth-start-openai-quota-failure"),
+            flow_id: "flow-test".to_owned(),
+            callback_url: "http://localhost/callback?code=test&state=test".to_owned(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("quota observation must not fail authorization");
+
+    assert_eq!(result.account_id.as_str(), "acct_prepared");
+    assert_eq!(provider.quota_requests().len(), 1);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn openai_authorization_store_failure_should_release_claim_for_retry() {
+    let events = events();
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
+    provider.retry_authorization_after_abort();
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events.clone());
+    store.fail_next_commit();
+    let services = service(provider.clone(), store).await;
+    let command = || CompleteAuthorization {
+        context: context("oauth-store-retry"),
+        flow_id: "flow-test".to_owned(),
+        callback_url: "http://localhost/callback?code=test&state=test".to_owned(),
+    };
+
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .start_authorization(StartAuthorization {
+            context: context("oauth-store-retry"),
+            name: "new OpenAI credential".to_owned(),
+            reauthorization: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("start authorization");
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .complete_authorization(command())
+        .await
+        .expect_err("Store commit must fail");
+    services
+        .openai()
+        .complete_authorization(command())
+        .await
+        .expect("released claim must permit retry");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        recorded(&events),
+        [
+            "provider.start_authorization",
+            "provider.complete_authorization",
+            "store.commit_authorization",
+            "authorization_guard.abort",
+            "provider.complete_authorization",
+            "store.commit_authorization",
+            "authorization_guard.commit",
+            "provider.account_facts_changed",
+            "provider.quota",
+        ]
+    );
+    assert!(provider.pending().is_none());
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn openai_import_provider_error_should_not_touch_store_transaction() {
    let events = events();
@@ -218,7 +351,6 @@ async fn openai_import_provider_error_should_not_touch_store_transaction() {
        .openai()
        .import_document(ImportCredentials {
            context: context("import-openai-error"),
-            expected_config_revision: revision(1),
            document: document(),
        })
        .await
@@ -228,7 +360,7 @@ async fn openai_import_provider_error_should_not_touch_store_transaction() {
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn openai_reauthorization_should_restore_pending_envelope_and_hold_guard_through_commit() {
+async fn openai_reauthorization_should_commit_after_credential_revision_advances() {
    let events = events();
    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events.clone());
@@ -237,18 +369,13 @@ async fn openai_reauthorization_should_restore_pending_envelope_and_hold_guard_t
        .openai()
        .start_authorization(StartAuthorization {
            context: context("oauth-start-openai"),
-            expected_config_revision: revision(7),
            name: "reauthorize".to_owned(),
-            reauthorization: Some(ReauthorizationTarget {
-                account_id: ProviderAccountId::new("acct_test").expect("account ID"),
-                credential_revision: revision(1),
-            }),
+            reauthorization: Some(ProviderAccountId::new("acct_test").expect("account ID")),
        })
        .await
        .expect("start reauthorization");

    let pending = provider.pending().expect("pending envelope");
-    assert_eq!(pending.expected_config_revision(), revision(7));
    assert_eq!(pending.provider_kind().as_str(), "openai");
    assert_eq!(
        pending.owner_binding().started_request_id(),
@@ -256,15 +383,14 @@ async fn openai_reauthorization_should_restore_pending_envelope_and_hold_guard_t
    );
    assert!(matches!(
        pending.target(),
-        AuthorizationMutationTarget::Reauthorize {
-            account_id,
-            expected_credential_revision,
-        } if account_id.as_str() == "acct_test"
-            && *expected_credential_revision == revision(1)
+        AuthorizationMutationTarget::Reauthorize { account_id }
+            if account_id.as_str() == "acct_test"
    ));
    assert!(!format!("{pending:?}").contains("admin-test"));

-    services
+    provider.set_current_credential_revision(revision(2));
+
+    let result = services
        .openai()
        .complete_authorization(CompleteAuthorization {
            context: context("oauth-complete-openai"),
@@ -274,6 +400,8 @@ async fn openai_reauthorization_should_restore_pending_envelope_and_hold_guard_t
        .await
        .expect("complete reauthorization");

+    assert_eq!(result.credential_revision, Some(revision(3)));
+
    assert_eq!(
        recorded(&events),
        [
@@ -282,9 +410,11 @@ async fn openai_reauthorization_should_restore_pending_envelope_and_hold_guard_t
            "provider.complete_authorization",
            "store.commit_authorization",
            "guard.finish",
+            "provider.account_facts_changed",
+            "provider.quota",
        ]
    );
-    assert_eq!(store.authorization_revision(), Some(revision(7)));
+    assert_eq!(provider.quota_requests().len(), 1);
    assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["oauth-complete-openai"]);
 }

@@ -299,7 +429,6 @@ async fn service(provider: Arc<FakeProviderAdmin>, store: Arc<FakeAccountStore>)
 fn mutation(account_id: &str) -> CredentialMutation {
    CredentialMutation {
        context: context("request-openai"),
-        expected_config_revision: revision(1),
        account_id: ProviderAccountId::new(account_id).expect("account ID"),
    }
 }
@@ -307,7 +436,6 @@ fn mutation(account_id: &str) -> CredentialMutation {
 fn deletion(account_id: &str) -> CredentialDeletion {
    CredentialDeletion {
        context: context("request-openai"),
-        expected_config_revision: revision(1),
        account_ids: vec![ProviderAccountId::new(account_id).expect("account ID")],
    }
 }
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use async_trait::async_trait;

 use gateway_admin::{
    model::{
-        AdminErrorKind, MutationContext, Revision,
+        AdminErrorKind, MutationContext,
        settings::{
            AdminApiKey, AdminApiKeyMutation, ReplaceRuntimeSettings, RotationStrategy,
            RuntimeSettings,
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ impl SettingsStore for UnusedSettingsStore {

    async fn replace_admin_api_key(
        &self,
-        _: Revision,
        _: AdminApiKey,
        _: &MutationContext,
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@ impl SettingsStore for UnusedSettingsStore {

    async fn delete_admin_api_key(
        &self,
-        _: Revision,
        _: &MutationContext,
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
        Err(unused())
@@ -63,7 +61,6 @@ async fn settings_should_reject_zero_refresh_margin_before_store_call() {
                request_id: "request-settings".to_owned(),
            },
            ReplaceRuntimeSettings {
-                expected_config_revision: Revision::new(1).expect("revision"),
                model_mappings: Default::default(),
                refresh_margin_seconds: 0,
                refresh_concurrency: 1,
@@ -8,9 +8,7 @@ use gateway_admin::{
    ports::provider::ProviderAdminErrorKind,
 };

-use super::accounts::{
-    FakeAccountStore, FakeProviderAdmin, context, document, events, recorded, revision,
-};
+use super::accounts::{FakeAccountStore, FakeProviderAdmin, context, document, events, recorded};

 #[tokio::test]
 async fn xai_disable_should_commit_then_notify_the_stateless_provider() {
@@ -31,6 +29,7 @@ async fn xai_disable_should_commit_then_notify_the_stateless_provider() {
            "store.credential_details",
            "store.set_enabled",
            "provider.account_unavailable",
+            "provider.account_facts_changed",
        ]
    );
    assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["request-xai"]);
@@ -47,7 +46,6 @@ async fn xai_import_should_prepare_before_atomic_store_commit() {
        .xai()
        .import_document(ImportCredentials {
            context: context("import-xai"),
-            expected_config_revision: revision(3),
            document: document(),
        })
        .await
@@ -84,7 +82,6 @@ async fn xai_import_should_refresh_quota_for_every_imported_account() {
        .xai()
        .import_document(ImportCredentials {
            context: context("import-xai-batch"),
-            expected_config_revision: revision(1),
            document: document(),
        })
        .await
@@ -119,7 +116,6 @@ async fn xai_import_should_remain_successful_when_quota_refresh_fails() {
        .xai()
        .import_document(ImportCredentials {
            context: context("import-xai-quota-failure"),
-            expected_config_revision: revision(1),
            document: document(),
        })
        .await
@@ -140,7 +136,6 @@ async fn service(provider: Arc<FakeProviderAdmin>, store: Arc<FakeAccountStore>)
 fn mutation(account_id: &str) -> CredentialMutation {
    CredentialMutation {
        context: context("request-xai"),
-        expected_config_revision: revision(1),
        account_id: ProviderAccountId::new(account_id).expect("account ID"),
    }
 }
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ path = "tests/main.rs"

 [dependencies]
 axum = { version = "0.8.9", default-features = false, features = ["json", "query", "ws"] }
-base64 = "0.22.1"
+base64 = "0.23.0"
 bytes = "1.11.1"
 chrono = { version = "0.4.45", features = ["serde"] }
 futures = "0.3.32"
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ gateway-admin = { path = "../gateway-admin" }
 gateway-core = { path = "../gateway-core" }
 gateway-protocol = { path = "../gateway-protocol" }
 serde = { version = "1.0.228", features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1.0.150", features = ["preserve_order"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1.0.150", features = ["arbitrary_precision", "preserve_order"] }
 thiserror = "2.0.18"
 tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["macros", "time"] }
 tower-http = { version = "0.7.0", features = ["cors", "fs", "request-id", "timeout", "trace"] }
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ uuid = { version = "1.23.3", features = ["v7"] }

 [dev-dependencies]
 async-trait = "0.1.89"
-tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["macros", "rt"] }
+axum = { version = "0.8.9", default-features = false, features = ["http1", "tokio"] }
+tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["macros", "net", "rt-multi-thread"] }
+tokio-tungstenite = "0.29.0"
 tower = { version = "0.5.3", features = ["util"] }

 [lints]
@@ -16,18 +16,18 @@ use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD};
 use chrono::{DateTime, FixedOffset, Utc};
 use futures::{Stream, StreamExt as _};
 use gateway_admin::model::{
-    AdminError as AdminServiceError, AdminErrorKind, PageSize, Revision,
+    AdminError as AdminServiceError, AdminErrorKind, PageSize,
    accounts::{
-        AccountAvailability, AccountConnectionTestEvent as DomainConnectionTestEvent, AccountCost,
-        AccountListQuery, AccountModelUsage, AccountSort, AccountSortField,
-        AccountStatus as DomainAccountStatus, AccountUsage, SortDirection,
+        AccountConnectionTestEvent as DomainConnectionTestEvent, AccountCost, AccountListQuery,
+        AccountModelUsage, AccountSort, AccountSortField, AccountStatus as DomainAccountStatus,
+        AccountUsage, SortDirection,
    },
    provider_credentials::{
        AccountDirectoryItem, AccountDirectoryPage, AccountExportBundle, AccountRefreshResult,
        AuthorizationStarted, CompleteAuthorization, CredentialDeletion, CredentialDeletionResult,
        CredentialImportResult, CredentialMutation, CredentialMutationResult, ImportCredentials,
-        ProviderDocument, ProviderModels, ProviderQuota, ProviderQuotaWindow,
-        ReauthorizationTarget, RotateCredential, StartAuthorization,
+        ProviderDocument, ProviderModels, ProviderQuota, ProviderQuotaWindow, RotateCredential,
+        StartAuthorization,
    },
 };
 use gateway_core::{
@@ -161,7 +161,6 @@ fn parse_sort_direction(value: &str) -> Option<SortDirection> {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct AccountPageData {
-    pub config_revision: u64,
    pub items: Vec<AccountView>,
    pub page: PageMeta,
    pub summary: AccountSummaryView,
@@ -174,7 +173,7 @@ pub struct AccountSummaryView {
    pub total: u64,
    pub active: u64,
    pub quota_exhausted: u64,
-    pub attention: u64,
+    pub unavailable: u64,
 }

 /// 一条安全账号视图。
@@ -197,8 +196,6 @@ pub struct AccountView {
    pub token_refreshing: bool,
    pub availability: String,
    pub enabled: bool,
-    pub credential_revision: u64,
-    pub state_revision: Option<u64>,
    pub access_token_expires_at: Option<String>,
    pub access_token_expires_at_display: Option<String>,
    pub refresh_token_expires_at: Option<String>,
@@ -391,31 +388,21 @@ impl AccountActionRequest {
    }
 }

-/// 手工 OAuth 刷新会变更持久 credential，因此必须携带配置 CAS revision。
+/// 手工 OAuth 刷新会变更持久 credential。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct AccountRefreshRequest {
    pub account_id: String,
-    pub expected_config_revision: u64,
 }

 impl AccountRefreshRequest {
    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
-        require_account_id(&self.account_id, "accountId")?;
-        if self.expected_config_revision == 0 {
-            return Err(WireValidationError::new("expectedConfigRevision"));
-        }
-        Ok(())
+        require_account_id(&self.account_id, "accountId")
    }

-    fn into_command(self) -> Result<(Revision, ProviderAccountId), WireValidationError> {
+    fn into_command(self) -> Result<ProviderAccountId, WireValidationError> {
        self.validate()?;
-        Ok((
-            Revision::new(self.expected_config_revision)
-                .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("expectedConfigRevision"))?,
-            ProviderAccountId::new(self.account_id)
-                .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("accountId"))?,
-        ))
+        ProviderAccountId::new(self.account_id).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("accountId"))
    }
 }

@@ -460,7 +447,6 @@ pub struct AccountModelsData {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct AccountRefreshData {
-    pub config_revision: u64,
    pub account: AccountView,
 }

@@ -543,10 +529,20 @@ impl From<DomainConnectionTestEvent> for AccountConnectionTestEvent {
            }),
            DomainConnectionTestEvent::Failed {
                message,
+                provider_error_code,
+                provider_error_type,
+                upstream_status,
+                upstream_content_type,
+                upstream_body,
                account_status,
            } => serde_json::json!({
                "type": "error",
                "error": message,
+                "providerErrorCode": provider_error_code,
+                "providerErrorType": provider_error_type,
+                "upstreamStatus": upstream_status,
+                "upstreamContentType": upstream_content_type,
+                "upstreamBody": upstream_body,
                "accountStatus": account_status_name(account_status)
            }),
        };
@@ -575,14 +571,12 @@ impl AccountProvider {
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct AccountImportRequest {
    pub provider: String,
-    pub expected_config_revision: u64,
    pub data: Value,
 }

 impl AccountImportRequest {
    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
        AccountProvider::parse(&self.provider)?;
-        require_positive(self.expected_config_revision, "expectedConfigRevision")?;
        if !self.data.is_object()
            || serde_json::to_vec(&self.data)
                .map_or(true, |encoded| encoded.len() > MAX_IMPORT_DATA_BYTES)
@@ -602,10 +596,6 @@ impl AccountImportRequest {
            provider,
            ImportCredentials {
                context,
-                expected_config_revision: revision(
-                    self.expected_config_revision,
-                    "expectedConfigRevision",
-                )?,
                document: provider_document(self.data, "data")?,
            },
        ))
@@ -616,28 +606,18 @@ impl AccountImportRequest {
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct StartAccountAuthorizationRequest {
    pub provider: String,
-    pub expected_config_revision: u64,
    pub name: String,
    pub account_id: Option<String>,
-    pub expected_credential_revision: Option<u64>,
 }

 impl StartAccountAuthorizationRequest {
    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
        AccountProvider::parse(&self.provider)?;
-        require_positive(self.expected_config_revision, "expectedConfigRevision")?;
        require_text(&self.name, MAX_NAME_BYTES, "name")?;
-        match (
-            self.account_id.as_deref(),
-            self.expected_credential_revision,
-        ) {
-            (None, None) => Ok(()),
-            (Some(account_id), Some(credential_revision)) => {
-                require_account_id(account_id, "accountId")?;
-                require_positive(credential_revision, "expectedCredentialRevision")
-            }
-            _ => Err(WireValidationError::new("reauthorization")),
+        if let Some(account_id) = self.account_id.as_deref() {
+            require_account_id(account_id, "accountId")?;
        }
+        Ok(())
    }

    fn into_command(
@@ -646,23 +626,15 @@ impl StartAccountAuthorizationRequest {
    ) -> Result<(AccountProvider, StartAuthorization), WireValidationError> {
        self.validate()?;
        let provider = AccountProvider::parse(&self.provider)?;
-        let reauthorization = match (self.account_id, self.expected_credential_revision) {
-            (None, None) => None,
-            (Some(account_id), Some(credential_revision)) => Some(ReauthorizationTarget {
-                account_id: ProviderAccountId::new(account_id)
-                    .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("accountId"))?,
-                credential_revision: revision(credential_revision, "expectedCredentialRevision")?,
-            }),
-            _ => return Err(WireValidationError::new("reauthorization")),
-        };
+        let reauthorization = self
+            .account_id
+            .map(ProviderAccountId::new)
+            .transpose()
+            .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("accountId"))?;
        Ok((
            provider,
            StartAuthorization {
                context,
-                expected_config_revision: revision(
-                    self.expected_config_revision,
-                    "expectedConfigRevision",
-                )?,
                name: self.name,
                reauthorization,
            },
@@ -717,14 +689,12 @@ impl CompleteAccountAuthorizationRequest {
 pub struct AccountMutationRequest {
    pub provider: String,
    pub account_id: String,
-    pub expected_config_revision: u64,
 }

 impl AccountMutationRequest {
    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
        AccountProvider::parse(&self.provider)?;
-        require_account_id(&self.account_id, "accountId")?;
-        require_positive(self.expected_config_revision, "expectedConfigRevision")
+        require_account_id(&self.account_id, "accountId")
    }

    fn into_command(
@@ -737,10 +707,6 @@ impl AccountMutationRequest {
            provider,
            CredentialMutation {
                context,
-                expected_config_revision: revision(
-                    self.expected_config_revision,
-                    "expectedConfigRevision",
-                )?,
                account_id: ProviderAccountId::new(self.account_id)
                    .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("accountId"))?,
            },
@@ -753,7 +719,6 @@ impl AccountMutationRequest {
 pub struct AccountDeletionRequest {
    pub provider: String,
    pub account_ids: Vec<String>,
-    pub expected_config_revision: u64,
 }

 impl AccountDeletionRequest {
@@ -769,7 +734,7 @@ impl AccountDeletionRequest {
                return Err(WireValidationError::new("accountIds"));
            }
        }
-        require_positive(self.expected_config_revision, "expectedConfigRevision")
+        Ok(())
    }

    fn into_command(
@@ -782,10 +747,6 @@ impl AccountDeletionRequest {
            provider,
            CredentialDeletion {
                context,
-                expected_config_revision: revision(
-                    self.expected_config_revision,
-                    "expectedConfigRevision",
-                )?,
                account_ids: self
                    .account_ids
                    .into_iter()
@@ -802,8 +763,6 @@ impl AccountDeletionRequest {
 pub struct RotateAccountRequest {
    pub provider: String,
    pub account_id: String,
-    pub expected_config_revision: u64,
-    pub expected_credential_revision: u64,
    pub access_token: String,
    pub refresh_token: Option<String>,
 }
@@ -814,11 +773,6 @@ impl RotateAccountRequest {
            return Err(WireValidationError::new("provider"));
        }
        require_account_id(&self.account_id, "accountId")?;
-        require_positive(self.expected_config_revision, "expectedConfigRevision")?;
-        require_positive(
-            self.expected_credential_revision,
-            "expectedCredentialRevision",
-        )?;
        validate_oauth_material(&self.access_token, self.refresh_token.as_deref())
    }

@@ -836,17 +790,9 @@ impl RotateAccountRequest {
        Ok(RotateCredential {
            mutation: CredentialMutation {
                context,
-                expected_config_revision: revision(
-                    self.expected_config_revision,
-                    "expectedConfigRevision",
-                )?,
                account_id: ProviderAccountId::new(self.account_id)
                    .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("accountId"))?,
            },
-            expected_credential_revision: revision(
-                self.expected_credential_revision,
-                "expectedCredentialRevision",
-            )?,
            provider_material: ProviderDocument::new(OpaqueProviderData::new(material)),
        })
    }
@@ -855,7 +801,6 @@ impl RotateAccountRequest {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct AccountImportData {
-    pub config_revision: u64,
    pub imported_count: usize,
    pub account_ids: Vec<String>,
 }
@@ -868,7 +813,6 @@ impl From<CredentialImportResult> for AccountImportData {
            .map(|account_id| account_id.to_string())
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        Self {
-            config_revision: result.config_revision.get(),
            imported_count: account_ids.len(),
            account_ids,
        }
@@ -896,18 +840,13 @@ impl From<AuthorizationStarted> for AccountAuthorizationData {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct AccountMutationData {
-    pub config_revision: u64,
    pub account_id: String,
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub credential_revision: Option<u64>,
 }

 impl From<CredentialMutationResult> for AccountMutationData {
    fn from(result: CredentialMutationResult) -> Self {
        Self {
-            config_revision: result.config_revision.get(),
            account_id: result.account_id.to_string(),
-            credential_revision: result.credential_revision.map(Revision::get),
        }
    }
 }
@@ -915,7 +854,6 @@ impl From<CredentialMutationResult> for AccountMutationData {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct AccountDeletionData {
-    pub config_revision: u64,
    pub deleted_count: usize,
    pub account_ids: Vec<String>,
 }
@@ -928,7 +866,6 @@ impl From<CredentialDeletionResult> for AccountDeletionData {
            .map(|account_id| account_id.to_string())
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        Self {
-            config_revision: result.config_revision.get(),
            deleted_count: account_ids.len(),
            account_ids,
        }
@@ -1260,15 +1197,11 @@ async fn refresh_account<S>(
 where
    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
 {
-    let (expected_config_revision, account_id) = request.into_command().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let account_id = request.into_command().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
    let result = state
        .admin_services()
        .accounts()
-        .refresh(
-            &auth.context().mutation_context(),
-            expected_config_revision,
-            account_id,
-        )
+        .refresh(&auth.context().mutation_context(), account_id)
        .await
        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
    let data = account_refresh_data(result, Utc::now());
@@ -1390,7 +1323,6 @@ fn account_page_data(
        u32::try_from(result.total.div_ceil(u64::from(page_size))).unwrap_or(u32::MAX)
    };
    AccountPageData {
-        config_revision: result.config_revision.get(),
        items: result
            .items
            .into_iter()
@@ -1401,14 +1333,13 @@ fn account_page_data(
            total: result.summary.total,
            active: result.summary.active,
            quota_exhausted: result.summary.quota_exhausted,
-            attention: result.summary.attention,
+            unavailable: result.summary.unavailable,
        },
    }
 }

 fn account_refresh_data(result: AccountRefreshResult, now: DateTime<Utc>) -> AccountRefreshData {
    AccountRefreshData {
-        config_revision: result.config_revision.get(),
        account: account_view(result.account, now),
    }
 }
@@ -1456,10 +1387,8 @@ fn account_view(item: AccountDirectoryItem, now: DateTime<Utc>) -> AccountView {
        status: status.clone(),
        display_status: status,
        token_refreshing: false,
-        availability: account_availability_name(account.availability).to_owned(),
+        availability: account.availability.as_str().to_owned(),
        enabled: account.enabled,
-        credential_revision: account.credential_revision.get(),
-        state_revision: None,
        access_token_expires_at: expires_at,
        access_token_expires_at_display: account
            .access_token_expires_at
@@ -1710,10 +1639,6 @@ fn empty_account_usage() -> AccountUsageView {
    }
 }

-fn revision(value: u64, field: &'static str) -> Result<Revision, WireValidationError> {
-    Revision::new(value).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new(field))
-}
-
 fn provider_document(
    value: Value,
    field: &'static str,
@@ -1747,13 +1672,6 @@ fn require_text(
    Ok(())
 }

-fn require_positive(value: u64, field: &'static str) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
-    if value == 0 || i64::try_from(value).is_err() {
-        return Err(WireValidationError::new(field));
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 fn validate_oauth_material(
    access_token: &str,
    refresh_token: Option<&str>,
@@ -1798,19 +1716,6 @@ fn account_status_name(status: DomainAccountStatus) -> &'static str {
        DomainAccountStatus::QuotaExhausted => "quota_exhausted",
        DomainAccountStatus::Disabled => "disabled",
        DomainAccountStatus::Banned => "banned",
-        DomainAccountStatus::Attention => "attention",
-    }
-}
-
-fn account_availability_name(availability: AccountAvailability) -> &'static str {
-    match availability {
-        AccountAvailability::Unknown => "unknown",
-        AccountAvailability::Ready => "ready",
-        AccountAvailability::Cooldown => "cooldown",
-        AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted => "quota_exhausted",
-        AccountAvailability::Expired => "expired",
-        AccountAvailability::Banned => "banned",
-        AccountAvailability::Invalid => "invalid",
    }
 }

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 use std::fmt;

 use axum::{
-    Extension, Json, Router,
+    Json, Router,
    extract::{FromRequestParts, State},
    http::{HeaderMap, HeaderValue, StatusCode, header::SET_COOKIE, request::Parts},
    response::{IntoResponse, Response},
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use gateway_admin::{
    model::auth::{AdminPrincipal, AdminRequestContext, LoginCommand, LoginError},
 };
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use tower_http::request_id::RequestId;

 use super::{AdminEnvelope, AdminError, AdminResponse};

@@ -51,22 +52,32 @@ where

    async fn from_request_parts(parts: &mut Parts, state: &S) -> Result<Self, Self::Rejection> {
        let principal = require_admin_auth(state, &parts.headers).await?;
-        let request_id = parts
-            .headers
-            .get(REQUEST_ID_HEADER)
-            .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
-            .map(str::trim)
-            .filter(|value| !value.is_empty())
+        let request_id = admin_request_id(parts)
            .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::internal("Missing admin request context"))?;
        Ok(Self {
            context: AdminRequestContext {
                principal,
-                request_id: request_id.to_owned(),
+                request_id,
            },
        })
    }
 }

+/// request-id 层按配置的 header 名注入，同时写入与名字无关的扩展；
+/// 优先读扩展，使自定义 header 名不会让管理请求失去请求上下文。
+/// header 回退覆盖未装配该层的调用方。
+fn admin_request_id(parts: &Parts) -> Option<String> {
+    parts
+        .extensions
+        .get::<RequestId>()
+        .map(RequestId::header_value)
+        .or_else(|| parts.headers.get(REQUEST_ID_HEADER))
+        .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
+        .map(str::trim)
+        .filter(|value| !value.is_empty())
+        .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
+}
+
 pub async fn require_admin_session<S>(state: &S, headers: &HeaderMap) -> Result<String, AdminError>
 where
    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
@@ -185,22 +196,6 @@ impl Default for AdminLogoutData {
    }
 }

-/// 请求上下文解析出的客户端登录来源。
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct AdminLoginSource(String);
-
-impl AdminLoginSource {
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new(value: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
-        Self(value.into())
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
-        &self.0
-    }
-}
-
 /// 构造固定 GET/POST 管理员认证路由。
 pub fn router<S>() -> Router<S>
 where
@@ -214,24 +209,16 @@ where

 async fn login<S>(
    State(state): State<S>,
-    source: Option<Extension<AdminLoginSource>>,
    Json(payload): Json<AdminLoginRequest>,
 ) -> Result<Response, AdminError>
 where
    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
 {
-    let source = source
-        .as_ref()
-        .map_or("unknown", |Extension(source)| source.as_str());
    let (username, password) = payload.into_parts();
    let session = state
        .admin_services()
        .auth()
-        .login(LoginCommand {
-            username,
-            password,
-            source: source.to_owned(),
-        })
+        .login(LoginCommand { username, password })
        .await
        .map_err(map_login_error)?;
    let mut response = AdminResponse::new(
@@ -300,7 +287,6 @@ fn admin_session_cookie(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Option<String> {
 fn map_login_error(error: LoginError) -> AdminError {
    match error {
        LoginError::InvalidCredentials => AdminError::invalid_admin_credentials(),
-        LoginError::Throttled => AdminError::too_many_login_attempts(),
        LoginError::Unavailable => AdminError::internal("Failed to create admin session"),
    }
 }
@@ -4,14 +4,11 @@ use std::fmt;

 use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD};
 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
-use gateway_admin::model::{
-    Revision,
-    client_keys::{
-        ClientKeyCursor, ClientKeyCursorValue as DomainCursorValue, ClientKeyListQuery,
-        ClientKeyMutation, ClientKeyPage, ClientKeyPageSize, ClientKeyRecord, ClientKeySecret,
-        ClientKeySort as DomainSort, ClientKeySortField as DomainSortField, CreateClientKey,
-        CreatedClientKey, DeleteClientKey, SetClientKeyEnabled, SortDirection, UpdateClientKey,
-    },
+use gateway_admin::model::client_keys::{
+    ClientKeyCursor, ClientKeyCursorValue as DomainCursorValue, ClientKeyListQuery,
+    ClientKeyMutation, ClientKeyPage, ClientKeyPageSize, ClientKeyRecord, ClientKeySecret,
+    ClientKeySort as DomainSort, ClientKeySortField as DomainSortField, CreateClientKey,
+    CreatedClientKey, DeleteClientKey, SetClientKeyEnabled, SortDirection, UpdateClientKey,
 };
 use gateway_core::{
    policy::{ClientApiKeyId, RateLimits},
@@ -138,7 +135,6 @@ impl ClientKeySort {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct CreateClientKeyRequest {
-    expected_config_revision: u64,
    name: String,
    label: Option<String>,
    provider_kind: String,
@@ -149,14 +145,12 @@ pub struct CreateClientKeyRequest {
 impl CreateClientKeyRequest {
    /// 校验 wire 边界并直接构造管理用例命令。
    pub fn into_command(self) -> Result<CreateClientKey, WireValidationError> {
-        validate_revision(self.expected_config_revision)?;
        validate_required_text(&self.name, "name")?;
        validate_optional_text(self.label.as_deref(), "label")?;
        validate_provider_kind(&self.provider_kind)?;
        validate_limit(self.max_concurrency, "maxConcurrency")?;
        validate_limit(self.requests_per_minute, "requestsPerMinute")?;
        Ok(CreateClientKey {
-            expected_config_revision: revision(self.expected_config_revision)?,
            name: self.name,
            label: self.label,
            provider_kind: ProviderKind::new(self.provider_kind)
@@ -174,7 +168,6 @@ impl CreateClientKeyRequest {
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct UpdateClientKeyRequest {
    id: String,
-    expected_config_revision: u64,
    name: String,
    label: Option<String>,
    provider_kind: String,
@@ -186,14 +179,12 @@ impl UpdateClientKeyRequest {
    /// 校验 wire 边界并直接构造管理用例命令。
    pub fn into_command(self) -> Result<UpdateClientKey, WireValidationError> {
        validate_required_text(&self.id, "id")?;
-        validate_revision(self.expected_config_revision)?;
        validate_required_text(&self.name, "name")?;
        validate_optional_text(self.label.as_deref(), "label")?;
        validate_provider_kind(&self.provider_kind)?;
        validate_limit(self.max_concurrency, "maxConcurrency")?;
        validate_limit(self.requests_per_minute, "requestsPerMinute")?;
        Ok(UpdateClientKey {
-            expected_config_revision: revision(self.expected_config_revision)?,
            id: client_key_id(self.id, "clientKeyMutationNotFound")?,
            name: self.name,
            label: self.label,
@@ -207,12 +198,11 @@ impl UpdateClientKeyRequest {
    }
 }

-/// 只携带 ID 与配置 revision 的 Client Key mutation 请求。
+/// 只携带 ID 的 Client Key mutation 请求。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
-pub struct ClientKeyRevisionRequest {
+pub struct ClientKeyMutationRequest {
    id: String,
-    expected_config_revision: u64,
 }

 /// 读取一次完整 Key 的 ID query。
@@ -233,20 +223,15 @@ impl ClientKeyIdQuery {
    }
 }

-impl ClientKeyRevisionRequest {
-    /// 校验请求并取出 ID 与 revision。
-    pub fn into_parts(self) -> Result<(String, u64), WireValidationError> {
+impl ClientKeyMutationRequest {
+    /// 校验请求并取出 ID。
+    pub fn into_id(self) -> Result<String, WireValidationError> {
        validate_required_text(&self.id, "id")?;
-        validate_revision(self.expected_config_revision)?;
-        Ok((self.id, self.expected_config_revision))
+        Ok(self.id)
    }

-    fn into_command_parts(self) -> Result<(ClientApiKeyId, Revision), WireValidationError> {
-        let (id, expected_config_revision) = self.into_parts()?;
-        Ok((
-            client_key_id(id, "clientKeyMutationNotFound")?,
-            revision(expected_config_revision)?,
-        ))
+    fn into_domain_id(self) -> Result<ClientApiKeyId, WireValidationError> {
+        client_key_id(self.into_id()?, "clientKeyMutationNotFound")
    }
 }

@@ -289,7 +274,6 @@ impl From<ClientKeyRecord> for ClientKeyView {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct ClientKeyListData {
-    config_revision: u64,
    items: Vec<ClientKeyView>,
    next_cursor: Option<String>,
    total: u64,
@@ -298,14 +282,8 @@ pub struct ClientKeyListData {
 impl ClientKeyListData {
    /// 构造 Client Key 列表响应。
    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new(
-        config_revision: u64,
-        items: Vec<ClientKeyView>,
-        next_cursor: Option<String>,
-        total: u64,
-    ) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(items: Vec<ClientKeyView>, next_cursor: Option<String>, total: u64) -> Self {
        Self {
-            config_revision,
            items,
            next_cursor,
            total,
@@ -325,7 +303,6 @@ impl TryFrom<ClientKeyPage> for ClientKeyListData {
            .map(encode_client_key_cursor)
            .transpose()?;
        Ok(Self::new(
-            page.config_revision.get(),
            page.items.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
            next_cursor,
            page.total,
@@ -337,7 +314,6 @@ impl TryFrom<ClientKeyPage> for ClientKeyListData {
 #[derive(Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct CreatedClientKeyData {
-    config_revision: u64,
    id: String,
    prefix: String,
    plaintext_key: String,
@@ -346,9 +322,8 @@ pub struct CreatedClientKeyData {
 impl CreatedClientKeyData {
    /// 构造一次性创建响应。
    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new(config_revision: u64, id: String, prefix: String, plaintext_key: String) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(id: String, prefix: String, plaintext_key: String) -> Self {
        Self {
-            config_revision,
            id,
            prefix,
            plaintext_key,
@@ -359,7 +334,6 @@ impl CreatedClientKeyData {
 impl From<CreatedClientKey> for CreatedClientKeyData {
    fn from(created: CreatedClientKey) -> Self {
        Self::new(
-            created.config_revision.get(),
            created.secret.record.id.to_string(),
            created.secret.record.prefix.clone(),
            created.secret.expose_for_response().to_owned(),
@@ -371,7 +345,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for CreatedClientKeyData {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        formatter
            .debug_struct("CreatedClientKeyData")
-            .field("config_revision", &self.config_revision)
            .field("id", &self.id)
            .field("prefix", &self.prefix)
            .field("plaintext_key", &"[REDACTED]")
@@ -417,24 +390,20 @@ impl fmt::Debug for RevealedClientKeyData {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct MutatedClientKeyData {
-    config_revision: u64,
    id: String,
 }

 impl MutatedClientKeyData {
    /// 构造 mutation 响应。
    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new(config_revision: u64, id: String) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            config_revision,
-            id,
-        }
+    pub fn new(id: String) -> Self {
+        Self { id }
    }
 }

 impl From<ClientKeyMutation> for MutatedClientKeyData {
    fn from(mutation: ClientKeyMutation) -> Self {
-        Self::new(mutation.config_revision.get(), mutation.id.to_string())
+        Self::new(mutation.id.to_string())
    }
 }

@@ -582,18 +551,6 @@ fn wire_cursor(cursor: ClientKeyCursor) -> Result<ClientKeyCursorData, WireValid
    Ok(cursor)
 }

-fn validate_revision(value: u64) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
-    if value == 0 {
-        return Err(WireValidationError::new("expectedConfigRevision"));
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn revision(value: u64) -> Result<Revision, WireValidationError> {
-    validate_revision(value)?;
-    Revision::new(value).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("expectedConfigRevision"))
-}
-
 fn client_key_id(
    value: String,
    field: &'static str,
@@ -768,23 +725,19 @@ where
 async fn disable_client_key<S>(
    auth: AdminAuth,
    State(state): State<S>,
-    Json(payload): Json<ClientKeyRevisionRequest>,
+    Json(payload): Json<ClientKeyMutationRequest>,
 ) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
 where
    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
 {
-    let (id, expected_config_revision) = payload.into_command_parts().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let id = payload.into_domain_id().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
    mutation_response(
        state
            .admin_services()
            .client_keys()
            .set_enabled(
                &auth.context().mutation_context(),
-                SetClientKeyEnabled {
-                    expected_config_revision,
-                    id,
-                    enabled: false,
-                },
+                SetClientKeyEnabled { id, enabled: false },
            )
            .await,
    )
@@ -793,23 +746,19 @@ where
 async fn enable_client_key<S>(
    auth: AdminAuth,
    State(state): State<S>,
-    Json(payload): Json<ClientKeyRevisionRequest>,
+    Json(payload): Json<ClientKeyMutationRequest>,
 ) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
 where
    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
 {
-    let (id, expected_config_revision) = payload.into_command_parts().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let id = payload.into_domain_id().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
    mutation_response(
        state
            .admin_services()
            .client_keys()
            .set_enabled(
                &auth.context().mutation_context(),
-                SetClientKeyEnabled {
-                    expected_config_revision,
-                    id,
-                    enabled: true,
-                },
+                SetClientKeyEnabled { id, enabled: true },
            )
            .await,
    )
@@ -818,23 +767,17 @@ where
 async fn delete_client_key<S>(
    auth: AdminAuth,
    State(state): State<S>,
-    Json(payload): Json<ClientKeyRevisionRequest>,
+    Json(payload): Json<ClientKeyMutationRequest>,
 ) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
 where
    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
 {
-    let (id, expected_config_revision) = payload.into_command_parts().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let id = payload.into_domain_id().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
    mutation_response(
        state
            .admin_services()
            .client_keys()
-            .delete(
-                &auth.context().mutation_context(),
-                DeleteClientKey {
-                    expected_config_revision,
-                    id,
-                },
-            )
+            .delete(&auth.context().mutation_context(), DeleteClientKey { id })
            .await,
    )
 }
@@ -854,9 +797,6 @@ fn map_wire_error(error: WireValidationError) -> AdminError {
        "cursor" => AdminError::bad_request("Invalid client key cursor"),
        "clientKeyRevealNotFound" => AdminError::not_found("Client API key was not found"),
        "clientKeyMutationNotFound" => AdminError::not_found("client API key was not found"),
-        "expectedConfigRevision" => {
-            AdminError::bad_request("expectedConfigRevision must be positive")
-        }
        _ => AdminError::bad_request("Invalid client API key request"),
    }
 }
@@ -801,8 +801,8 @@ pub struct DashboardCardsView {
 pub struct DashboardCredentialsCardView {
    pub total: String,
    pub total_value: u64,
-    pub enabled: String,
-    pub enabled_value: u64,
+    pub available: String,
+    pub available_value: u64,
    pub unavailable: String,
    pub unavailable_value: u64,
 }
@@ -1235,7 +1235,6 @@ pub struct OpsErrorView {
    pub account_id: Option<String>,
    pub route: String,
    pub model: Option<String>,
-    pub status_code: Option<i64>,
    pub client_status_code: Option<i64>,
    pub upstream_status_code: Option<i64>,
    pub transport: Option<String>,
@@ -1654,12 +1653,7 @@ fn format_token_price(cost: &domain::CurrencyCost) -> String {
    if cost.currency != "USD" {
        return format!("{} {} / 1M Token", cost.currency, cost.amount.as_str());
    }
-    let value = cost
-        .amount
-        .as_str()
-        .parse::<f64>()
-        .map_or(0.0, |value| value);
-    format!("${value:.4} / 1M Token")
+    format!("${} / 1M Token", cost.amount.as_str())
 }

 fn format_service_tier(service_tier: Option<&str>) -> String {
@@ -1801,7 +1795,7 @@ fn usage_record_view(record: domain::UsageRecord) -> UsageRecordView {
        model,
        requested_model: Some(record.requested_model_id),
        upstream_model: record.upstream_model_id,
-        service_tier: None,
+        service_tier: record.service_tier,
        status_code,
        transport,
        attempt_index: None,
@@ -1954,7 +1948,6 @@ fn usage_page_view(
 }

 fn ops_error_view(error: domain::OpsError) -> OpsErrorView {
-    let status = error.status_code.map(i64::from);
    OpsErrorView {
        id: error.event_id,
        request_id: error.request_id,
@@ -1964,9 +1957,8 @@ fn ops_error_view(error: domain::OpsError) -> OpsErrorView {
        account_id: error.provider_account_ref,
        route: error.operation,
        model: error.upstream_model_id,
-        status_code: status,
-        client_status_code: None,
-        upstream_status_code: None,
+        client_status_code: error.client_status_code.map(i64::from),
+        upstream_status_code: error.upstream_status_code.map(i64::from),
        transport: error.upstream_transport,
        attempt_index: error.attempt_index,
        failure_class: error.failure_kind,
@@ -2290,8 +2282,8 @@ fn dashboard_view(result: domain::DashboardResult, kind: TrendKind) -> Dashboard
            credentials: DashboardCredentialsCardView {
                total: format_compact_number(provider_accounts.total),
                total_value: provider_accounts.total,
-                enabled: format_compact_number(provider_accounts.enabled),
-                enabled_value: provider_accounts.enabled,
+                available: format_compact_number(provider_accounts.active),
+                available_value: provider_accounts.active,
                unavailable: format_compact_number(provider_accounts.unavailable),
                unavailable_value: provider_accounts.unavailable,
            },
@@ -10,12 +10,8 @@ use axum::{
    routing::{get, post},
 };
 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
-use gateway_admin::model::{
-    Revision,
-    settings::{
-        ModelMappings as DomainModelMappings, ReplaceRuntimeSettings, RotationStrategy,
-        RuntimeSettings,
-    },
+use gateway_admin::model::settings::{
+    ModelMappings as DomainModelMappings, ReplaceRuntimeSettings, RotationStrategy, RuntimeSettings,
 };
 use gateway_core::routing::{PublicModelId, UpstreamModelId};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -32,7 +28,6 @@ pub type ModelMappings = BTreeMap<String, String>;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct RuntimeSettingsView {
-    pub config_revision: u64,
    pub model_mappings: ModelMappings,
    pub refresh_margin_seconds: u64,
    pub refresh_concurrency: u64,
@@ -49,7 +44,6 @@ pub struct RuntimeSettingsView {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct UpdateRuntimeSettingsRequest {
-    pub expected_config_revision: u64,
    pub model_mappings: ModelMappings,
    pub refresh_margin_seconds: u64,
    pub refresh_concurrency: u64,
@@ -64,9 +58,6 @@ pub struct UpdateRuntimeSettingsRequest {
 impl UpdateRuntimeSettingsRequest {
    /// 校验公共运行参数。
    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
-        if self.expected_config_revision == 0 {
-            return Err(WireValidationError::new("expectedConfigRevision"));
-        }
        validate_model_mappings(&self.model_mappings)?;
        for (value, field) in [
            (self.refresh_margin_seconds, "refreshMarginSeconds"),
@@ -93,8 +84,6 @@ impl UpdateRuntimeSettingsRequest {
    fn into_command(self) -> Result<ReplaceRuntimeSettings, WireValidationError> {
        self.validate()?;
        Ok(ReplaceRuntimeSettings {
-            expected_config_revision: Revision::new(self.expected_config_revision)
-                .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("settingsRevisionOverflow"))?,
            model_mappings: domain_model_mappings(self.model_mappings)?,
            refresh_margin_seconds: self.refresh_margin_seconds,
            refresh_concurrency: u32::try_from(self.refresh_concurrency)
@@ -117,7 +106,6 @@ impl UpdateRuntimeSettingsRequest {
 impl From<RuntimeSettings> for RuntimeSettingsView {
    fn from(settings: RuntimeSettings) -> Self {
        Self {
-            config_revision: settings.config_revision.get(),
            model_mappings: wire_model_mappings(settings.model_mappings),
            refresh_margin_seconds: settings.refresh_margin_seconds,
            refresh_concurrency: u64::from(settings.refresh_concurrency),
@@ -358,7 +346,6 @@ fn valid_model_name(value: &str, max_len: usize) -> bool {

 fn map_wire_error(error: WireValidationError) -> AdminError {
    let message = match error.field() {
-        "settingsRevisionOverflow" => "expectedConfigRevision must be positive".to_owned(),
        "settingsRefreshConcurrencyOverflow" => "Invalid refreshConcurrency".to_owned(),
        "settingsMaxConcurrencyOverflow" => "Invalid maxConcurrentPerAccount".to_owned(),
        "settingsUsageRetentionOverflow" => "Invalid usageRetentionDays".to_owned(),
@@ -201,11 +201,13 @@ struct RestartAcceptedView {
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct SystemUpdateEventView {
+    id: String,
    operation_id: Option<String>,
    level: &'static str,
    step: Option<String>,
    message: String,
    terminal: bool,
+    progress_percent: Option<u8>,
    at: String,
 }

@@ -403,11 +405,13 @@ where
 impl From<SystemUpdateEvent> for SystemUpdateEventView {
    fn from(event: SystemUpdateEvent) -> Self {
        Self {
+            id: event.id,
            operation_id: event.operation_id,
            level: update_event_level_name(event.level),
            step: event.step,
            message: event.message,
            terminal: event.terminal,
+            progress_percent: event.progress_percent,
            at: event.occurred_at.to_rfc3339(),
        }
    }
@@ -416,11 +420,13 @@ impl From<SystemUpdateEvent> for SystemUpdateEventView {
 impl SystemUpdateEventView {
    fn into_json(self) -> serde_json::Value {
        serde_json::json!({
+            "id": self.id,
            "operationId": self.operation_id,
            "level": self.level,
            "step": self.step,
            "message": self.message,
            "terminal": self.terminal,
+            "progressPercent": self.progress_percent,
            "at": self.at,
        })
    }
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use gateway_core::engine::execution::ExecutionService;
 use gateway_core::health::{HealthProbe, WorkerHealthSource};
 use gateway_core::lifecycle::ConnectionLifecycle;
 use serde::Deserialize;
-use tower_http::cors::{Any, CorsLayer};
+use tower_http::cors::CorsLayer;
 use tower_http::request_id::{MakeRequestUuid, PropagateRequestIdLayer, SetRequestIdLayer};
 use tower_http::services::{ServeDir, ServeFile};
 use tower_http::timeout::TimeoutLayer;
@@ -146,11 +146,17 @@ pub fn initialize(
                    .map_err(|_| ApiError::Config(ApiConfigError::InvalidCorsOrigin))
            })
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+        // credentials 模式禁止通配 allow_headers；显式列出鉴权与内容协商头。
        router = router.layer(
            CorsLayer::new()
                .allow_origin(origins)
                .allow_methods([Method::GET, Method::POST])
-                .allow_headers(Any)
+                .allow_headers([
+                    axum::http::header::AUTHORIZATION,
+                    axum::http::header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+                    HeaderName::from_static("x-api-key"),
+                    request_id_header.clone(),
+                ])
                .allow_credentials(true),
        );
    }
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@

 use axum::{
    Json,
-    http::StatusCode,
+    body::Body,
+    http::{HeaderName, HeaderValue, StatusCode, header::CONTENT_TYPE},
    response::{IntoResponse, Response},
 };
 use gateway_core::{
@@ -75,10 +76,14 @@ pub fn gateway_error_from_engine(error: &EngineError) -> GatewayError {
            if error.kind() == ProviderErrorKind::Unavailable
                && error.send_state() == UpstreamSendState::NotSent =>
        {
-            GatewayError::new(
+            let gateway = GatewayError::new(
                GatewayErrorKind::NoAvailableProvider,
                "no upstream provider is currently available for this request",
-            )
+            );
+            match error.client_visible_upstream_error() {
+                Some(upstream) => gateway.with_client_visible_upstream_error(upstream.clone()),
+                None => gateway,
+            }
        }
        EngineError::Provider(error) => GatewayError::from_provider(error),
        EngineError::Cancelled => {
@@ -98,6 +103,7 @@ pub fn gateway_error_from_engine(error: &EngineError) -> GatewayError {
        | EngineError::ContinuationPinMismatch
        | EngineError::RequiredAccountMismatch
        | EngineError::DownstreamCommitRequired
+        | EngineError::NoActiveAttempt
        | EngineError::InvalidDeliveryState => {
            GatewayError::new(GatewayErrorKind::Internal, "gateway execution failed")
        }
@@ -116,6 +122,33 @@ pub fn gateway_error_response(error: &GatewayError) -> Response {
    .into_response()
 }

+/// 在下游尚未提交时优先交付 Provider 的原始 HTTP 失败响应。
+pub fn engine_error_response(error: &EngineError) -> Response {
+    if let EngineError::Provider(error) = error
+        && let Some(upstream) = error.client_visible_upstream_response()
+        && let Ok(status) = StatusCode::from_u16(upstream.status())
+    {
+        let mut response = Response::new(Body::from(upstream.body().clone()));
+        *response.status_mut() = status;
+        if let Some(content_type) = upstream.content_type()
+            && let Ok(content_type) = HeaderValue::from_bytes(content_type)
+        {
+            response.headers_mut().insert(CONTENT_TYPE, content_type);
+        }
+        for header in upstream.headers() {
+            let Ok(name) = HeaderName::from_bytes(header.name().as_bytes()) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            let Ok(value) = HeaderValue::from_bytes(header.value()) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            response.headers_mut().append(name, value);
+        }
+        return response;
+    }
+    gateway_error_response(&gateway_error_from_engine(error))
+}
+
 /// Gateway 错误稳定映射，供 HTTP、SSE 和 WebSocket 共用。
 #[must_use]
 pub const fn gateway_error_contract(
@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@

 use axum::{
    Json,
-    extract::{Path, State},
+    extract::{Path, Query, State},
    http::{HeaderMap, StatusCode},
    response::{IntoResponse, Response},
 };
-use gateway_core::routing::PublicModelId;
+use gateway_core::routing::{PublicModelId, PublicModelProfile};
+use serde::Deserialize;
 use serde_json::{Value, json};

 use crate::ApiState;
@@ -17,20 +18,50 @@ use super::{
 };

 const MODEL_CREATED_TIMESTAMP: i64 = 1_700_000_000;
+const CODEX_BASE_INSTRUCTIONS: &str = "You are Codex, a coding agent. Follow the user's instructions and use the available tools to complete software engineering tasks. Inspect relevant files before editing, preserve unrelated changes, and verify the result.";

-/// `GET /v1/models`。
-pub(crate) async fn models(State(state): State<ApiState>, headers: HeaderMap) -> Response {
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub(crate) struct ModelsQuery {
+    client_version: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// `GET /v1/models`。Codex 携带 `client_version` 时返回其专用目录合同。
+pub(crate) async fn models(
+    State(state): State<ApiState>,
+    Query(query): Query<ModelsQuery>,
+    headers: HeaderMap,
+) -> Response {
    let service = state.openai();
    let client = match authenticate_client(service, &headers) {
        Ok(client) => client,
        Err(error) => return authentication_error_response(error),
    };
+
+    if query
+        .client_version
+        .as_deref()
+        .is_some_and(|version| !version.trim().is_empty())
+    {
+        let models = service
+            .public_model_profiles(&client)
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(index, profile)| codex_model_json(profile, index))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        return (
+            StatusCode::OK,
+            Json(json!({
+                "models": models,
+            })),
+        )
+            .into_response();
+    }
+
    let data = service
        .public_models(&client)
        .into_iter()
        .map(|model| openai_model_json(&model))
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
    (
        StatusCode::OK,
        Json(json!({
@@ -134,3 +165,92 @@ fn catalog_model_json(id: &str) -> Value {
        "source": "gateway",
    })
 }
+
+fn codex_model_json(profile: &PublicModelProfile, index: usize) -> Value {
+    let id = profile.model().as_str();
+    let presentation = profile.presentation();
+    let reasoning_levels = presentation
+        .supported_reasoning_efforts()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|effort| {
+            json!({
+                "effort": effort,
+                "description": reasoning_effort_description(effort),
+            })
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let reasoning_supported = presentation
+        .supported_reasoning_efforts()
+        .iter()
+        .any(|effort| effort != "none");
+    let context_window = presentation.context_window_tokens();
+    let input_modalities = if presentation.image_input() {
+        vec!["text", "image"]
+    } else {
+        vec!["text"]
+    };
+    let additional_speed_tiers = presentation
+        .service_tiers()
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|tier| tier.speed_tier())
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let service_tiers = presentation
+        .service_tiers()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|tier| {
+            json!({
+                "id": tier.id(),
+                "name": tier.name(),
+                "description": tier.description(),
+            })
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    json!({
+        "slug": id,
+        "display_name": presentation.display_name().unwrap_or(id),
+        "description": presentation.description(),
+        "default_reasoning_level": presentation.default_reasoning_effort(),
+        "supported_reasoning_levels": reasoning_levels,
+        "shell_type": "shell_command",
+        "visibility": if presentation.hidden() { "hide" } else { "list" },
+        "supported_in_api": true,
+        "priority": index.saturating_add(1),
+        "additional_speed_tiers": additional_speed_tiers,
+        "service_tiers": service_tiers,
+        "availability_nux": Value::Null,
+        "upgrade": Value::Null,
+        "base_instructions": CODEX_BASE_INSTRUCTIONS,
+        "model_messages": Value::Null,
+        "include_skills_usage_instructions": false,
+        "supports_reasoning_summary_parameter": reasoning_supported,
+        "default_reasoning_summary": "auto",
+        "support_verbosity": presentation.verbosity(),
+        "default_verbosity": Value::Null,
+        "apply_patch_tool_type": presentation.agent_tools().then_some("freeform"),
+        "web_search_tool_type": "text",
+        "truncation_policy": { "mode": "tokens", "limit": 10_000 },
+        "supports_parallel_tool_calls": presentation.parallel_tool_calls(),
+        "supports_image_detail_original": presentation.image_detail_original(),
+        "context_window": context_window,
+        "max_context_window": context_window,
+        "effective_context_window_percent": 95,
+        "experimental_supported_tools": [],
+        "input_modalities": input_modalities,
+        "supports_search_tool": presentation.search_tool(),
+        "use_responses_lite": false,
+    })
+}
+
+fn reasoning_effort_description(effort: &str) -> &'static str {
+    match effort {
+        "none" => "No reasoning",
+        "minimal" => "Minimal reasoning",
+        "low" => "Fast responses with lighter reasoning",
+        "medium" => "Balances speed and reasoning depth for everyday tasks",
+        "high" => "Greater reasoning depth for complex problems",
+        "xhigh" => "Extra high reasoning depth for complex problems",
+        "max" => "Maximum reasoning depth for the hardest problems",
+        _ => "Provider-supported reasoning level",
+    }
+}
@@ -152,9 +152,6 @@ pub enum ResponseEncodeError {
    /// 协议原生流缺少可返回的终态 response object。
    #[error("responses wire stream has no terminal response")]
    MissingWireTerminal,
-    /// 协议原生事件携带了不一致的响应身份。
-    #[error("responses wire stream changed its response identity")]
-    WireIdentityChanged,
    /// 终态 response object 无法序列化为完整 HTTP JSON 响应。
    #[error("responses wire terminal serialization failed")]
    Serialization,
@@ -167,7 +164,7 @@ impl ResponseEncodeError {
        ProtocolErrorBody {
            error: ProtocolError {
                kind: "server_error",
-                code: "invalid_canonical_response",
+                code: "invalid_upstream_response",
                message: "The gateway could not forward the upstream response.".to_owned(),
                param: None,
            },
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use axum::{
    body::{Body, Bytes},
    extract::{Extension, State, connect_info::ConnectInfo},
    http::{
-        HeaderMap, HeaderValue, StatusCode,
+        HeaderMap, HeaderName, HeaderValue, StatusCode,
        header::{CACHE_CONTROL, CONTENT_TYPE, USER_AGENT},
    },
    response::{IntoResponse, Response},
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ use crate::ApiState;
 use crate::openai::{
    auth::{authenticate_client, authentication_error_response},
    error::{
-        gateway_error_contract, gateway_error_from_engine, gateway_error_response,
-        protocol_error_response, runtime_unavailable_response,
+        engine_error_response, gateway_error_contract, gateway_error_from_engine,
+        gateway_error_response, protocol_error_response, runtime_unavailable_response,
    },
 };

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ pub async fn collect_execution_response(session: Box<dyn ExecutionSession>) -> R
    let events = match session.collect_uncommitted().await {
        Ok(events) => events,
        Err(error) => {
-            let response = gateway_error_response(&gateway_error_from_engine(&error));
+            let response = engine_error_response(&error);
            return execution.record_response_status(response).await;
        }
    };
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ pub async fn collect_execution_response(session: Box<dyn ExecutionSession>) -> R
        .await
    {
        execution.cancel_and_finalize().await;
-        let response = gateway_error_response(&gateway_error_from_engine(&error));
+        let response = engine_error_response(&error);
        return execution.record_response_status(response).await;
    }
    if !session.is_finalized() {
@@ -237,9 +237,7 @@ fn encode_collected_events(
 ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, BufferedResponseEncodeError> {
    let mut encoder = OpenAiResponsesEncoder::new();
    for event in events {
-        encoder
-            .push_sse(event)
-            .map_err(BufferedResponseEncodeError::Canonical)?;
+        encoder.push_sse(event);
    }
    let response = encoder
        .finish()
@@ -253,23 +251,25 @@ fn json_body_response(encoded: Vec<u8>, response_headers: &[ProviderResponseHead
    response
        .headers_mut()
        .insert(CONTENT_TYPE, HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"));
-    apply_safe_response_headers(response, response_headers)
+    apply_response_headers(response, response_headers)
 }

-fn apply_safe_response_headers(
+fn apply_response_headers(
    mut response: Response,
    response_headers: &[ProviderResponseHeader],
 ) -> Response {
+    let connection_options = super::response_connection_options(response_headers);
    for header in response_headers {
-        let Some(name) = super::safe_response_header_name(header.name()) else {
+        if !super::response_header_is_forwardable(header.name(), &connection_options) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let Ok(name) = HeaderName::from_bytes(header.name().as_bytes()) else {
            continue;
        };
-        let Ok(value) = HeaderValue::from_str(header.value().as_str()) else {
+        let Ok(value) = HeaderValue::from_bytes(header.value()) else {
            continue;
        };
-        response
-            .headers_mut()
-            .insert(axum::http::header::HeaderName::from_static(name), value);
+        response.headers_mut().append(name, value);
    }
    response
 }
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ pub async fn stream_execution_response(
            return response;
        }
        Err(error) => {
-            let response = gateway_error_response(&gateway_error_from_engine(&error));
+            let response = engine_error_response(&error);
            return execution.record_response_status(response).await;
        }
    };
@@ -310,18 +310,7 @@ pub async fn stream_execution_response(
    let mut encoder = OpenAiResponsesEncoder::new();
    let mut frames = Vec::new();
    for event in &first_events {
-        match encoder.push_sse(event) {
-            Ok(encoded) => frames.extend(encoded),
-            Err(error) => {
-                let response = protocol_error_response(
-                    StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-                    error.protocol_body(),
-                );
-                let response = execution.record_response_status(response).await;
-                execution.cancel_and_finalize().await;
-                return response;
-            }
-        }
+        frames.extend(encoder.push_sse(event));
    }
    if frames.is_empty() {
        let response = internal_gateway_response("gateway commit batch encoded no output");
@@ -338,7 +327,7 @@ pub async fn stream_execution_response(
        .await
    {
        execution.cancel_and_finalize().await;
-        let response = gateway_error_response(&gateway_error_from_engine(&error));
+        let response = engine_error_response(&error);
        return execution.record_response_status(response).await;
    }
    let Some(session) = execution.into_session() else {
@@ -371,7 +360,7 @@ fn event_stream_response(body: Body, response_headers: &[ProviderResponseHeader]
    response
        .headers_mut()
        .insert(CACHE_CONTROL, HeaderValue::from_static("no-cache"));
-    apply_safe_response_headers(response, response_headers)
+    apply_response_headers(response, response_headers)
 }

 fn internal_gateway_response(message: &'static str) -> Response {
@@ -403,15 +392,10 @@ impl PendingExecution {
    }

    async fn record_response_status(&mut self, response: Response) -> Response {
-        let Some(session) = self.session.as_mut() else {
-            return internal_gateway_response("gateway response session is unavailable");
-        };
-        if session
-            .record_client_status(response.status().as_u16())
-            .await
-            .is_err()
-        {
-            return internal_gateway_response("gateway client status could not be persisted");
+        if let Some(session) = self.session.as_mut() {
+            let _ = session
+                .record_client_status(response.status().as_u16())
+                .await;
        }
        response
    }
@@ -499,10 +483,16 @@ impl ResponsesStreamState {
                    .session
                    .as_ref()
                    .is_some_and(|session| session.is_finalized());
-                self.finish_with_gateway_error(GatewayError::new(
-                    GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
-                    "gateway response ended without a terminal event",
-                ));
+                if self.execution_terminal {
+                    self.pending
+                        .push_back(Bytes::from_static(DONE_SSE_FRAME.as_bytes()));
+                    self.output_finished = true;
+                } else {
+                    self.finish_with_gateway_error(GatewayError::new(
+                        GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                        "gateway response ended without finalizing the execution",
+                    ));
+                }
            }
            Err(error) => {
                self.execution_terminal = self
@@ -521,18 +511,11 @@ impl ResponsesStreamState {
    }

    async fn push_event(&mut self, event: ProviderEvent) {
-        match self.encoder.push_sse(&event) {
-            Ok(frames) => {
-                if self.encoder.is_completed() {
-                    self.finish_completed(frames).await;
-                } else {
-                    self.pending.extend(frames);
-                }
-            }
-            Err(error) => {
-                self.cancel_execution().await;
-                self.finish_with_encode_error(error);
-            }
+        let frames = self.encoder.push_sse(&event);
+        if self.encoder.is_completed() {
+            self.finish_completed(frames).await;
+        } else {
+            self.pending.extend(frames);
        }
    }

@@ -607,20 +590,6 @@ impl ResponsesStreamState {
            .push_back(Bytes::from_static(DONE_SSE_FRAME.as_bytes()));
        self.output_finished = true;
    }
-
-    fn finish_with_encode_error(&mut self, error: ResponseEncodeError) {
-        let protocol = error.protocol_body().error;
-        self.pending
-            .push_back(Bytes::from(response_failed_sse_event_with_id(
-                self.encoder.response_id(),
-                protocol.kind,
-                protocol.code,
-                &protocol.message,
-            )));
-        self.pending
-            .push_back(Bytes::from_static(DONE_SSE_FRAME.as_bytes()));
-        self.output_finished = true;
-    }
 }

 impl Drop for ResponsesStreamState {
@@ -17,13 +17,63 @@ pub use response::OpenAiResponsesEncoder;
 pub(crate) use websocket::responses_websocket;
 pub use websocket::{ResponseCreateFrameError, decode_response_create_with_context};

-pub(super) fn safe_response_header_name(name: &str) -> Option<&'static str> {
-    match name {
-        "x-request-id" => Some("x-request-id"),
-        "openai-model" => Some("openai-model"),
-        "x-models-etag" => Some("x-models-etag"),
-        "x-reasoning-included" => Some("x-reasoning-included"),
-        "openai-processing-ms" => Some("openai-processing-ms"),
-        _ => None,
+use gateway_core::event::ProviderResponseHeader;
+
+pub(super) fn response_connection_options(headers: &[ProviderResponseHeader]) -> Vec<String> {
+    headers
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|header| header.name().trim().eq_ignore_ascii_case("connection"))
+        .filter_map(|header| std::str::from_utf8(header.value()).ok())
+        .flat_map(|value| value.split(','))
+        .map(str::trim)
+        .filter(|name| !name.is_empty())
+        .map(str::to_ascii_lowercase)
+        .collect()
+}
+
+pub(super) fn response_header_is_forwardable(name: &str, connection_options: &[String]) -> bool {
+    let name = name.trim().to_ascii_lowercase();
+    if connection_options
+        .iter()
+        .any(|option| option.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&name))
+        || name.starts_with("sec-websocket-")
+    {
+        return false;
    }
+
+    !matches!(
+        name.as_str(),
+        "connection"
+            | "keep-alive"
+            | "proxy-connection"
+            | "te"
+            | "trailer"
+            | "transfer-encoding"
+            | "upgrade"
+            | "content-length"
+            | "content-type"
+            | "content-encoding"
+            | "authorization"
+            | "x-api-key"
+            | "www-authenticate"
+            | "authentication-info"
+            | "proxy-authenticate"
+            | "proxy-authorization"
+            | "proxy-authentication-info"
+            | "cookie"
+            | "cookie2"
+            | "set-cookie"
+            | "set-cookie2"
+            | "chatgpt-account-id"
+            | "chatgpt-organization-id"
+            | "chatgpt-org-id"
+            | "chatgpt-project-id"
+            | "openai-organization"
+            | "openai-project"
+            | "x-openai-organization"
+            | "x-openai-project"
+            | "x-codex-installation-id"
+            | "x-codex-turn-state"
+            | "x-codex-turn-metadata"
+    )
 }
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 use std::{fmt, net::IpAddr};

 use axum::http::HeaderMap;
+use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::STANDARD};
 use gateway_core::operation::{GenerateRequest, Operation, ProtocolPayload, ProviderSessionState};
 use gateway_protocol::openai::{
    X_OPENAI_INTERNAL_CODEX_RESPONSES_LITE_HEADER, X_OPENAI_MEMGEN_REQUEST_HEADER,
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ use super::error::RequestDecodeError;
 const OPENAI_PROTOCOL: &str = "openai";
 const REVIEW_SUBAGENT: &str = "review";
 const OPENAI_SUBAGENT_KEY: &str = "x-openai-subagent";
+const PASSTHROUGH_HEADERS_CONTEXT_KEY: &str = "opaque_request_headers";

 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub struct OpenAiRequestHeaders {
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@ pub struct OpenAiRequestHeaders {
    responses_lite: Option<String>,
    memgen_request: Option<String>,
    subagent: Option<String>,
+    passthrough_headers: Vec<Value>,
 }

 impl OpenAiRequestHeaders {
@@ -57,12 +60,8 @@ impl OpenAiRequestHeaders {
            turn_id: header_string(headers, "x-codex-turn-id"),
            responses_lite: header_string(headers, X_OPENAI_INTERNAL_CODEX_RESPONSES_LITE_HEADER),
            memgen_request: header_string(headers, X_OPENAI_MEMGEN_REQUEST_HEADER),
-            subagent: header_string(headers, OPENAI_SUBAGENT_KEY).filter(|value| {
-                matches!(
-                    value.as_str(),
-                    "review" | "compact" | "memory_consolidation" | "collab_spawn"
-                )
-            }),
+            subagent: header_string(headers, OPENAI_SUBAGENT_KEY),
+            passthrough_headers: passthrough_headers(headers),
        }
    }

@@ -108,6 +107,12 @@ impl OpenAiRequestHeaders {
        insert_protocol_context(&mut context, "turn_id", self.turn_id.as_ref());
        insert_protocol_context(&mut context, "responses_lite", self.responses_lite.as_ref());
        insert_protocol_context(&mut context, "memgen_request", self.memgen_request.as_ref());
+        if !self.passthrough_headers.is_empty() {
+            context.insert(
+                PASSTHROUGH_HEADERS_CONTEXT_KEY.to_owned(),
+                Value::Array(self.passthrough_headers.clone()),
+            );
+        }
        if let Some(use_websocket) = use_websocket {
            context.insert("use_websocket".to_owned(), Value::Bool(use_websocket));
        }
@@ -310,16 +315,26 @@ pub(super) fn decode_request_inner(
 ) -> Result<DecodedResponsesRequest, RequestDecodeError> {
    let value =
        serde_json::from_slice::<Value>(body).map_err(|_| RequestDecodeError::MalformedJson)?;
-    let Value::Object(mut object) = value else {
+    let Value::Object(object) = value else {
        return Err(RequestDecodeError::ExpectedObject);
    };
-    // `use_websocket` 只影响本地 transport。无论值是否可识别，都不得进入上游 body。
-    let use_websocket = object
-        .remove("use_websocket")
-        .and_then(|value| value.as_bool());
+    decode_request_object(object, review, request_headers)
+}

-    let model = required_non_empty_string(&object, "model", "model")?.trim();
-    if model.is_empty() {
+/// 解码已解析的顶层 object；WebSocket 帧解码复用此内核，避免序列化往返。
+pub(super) fn decode_request_object(
+    mut object: Map<String, Value>,
+    review: bool,
+    request_headers: &OpenAiRequestHeaders,
+) -> Result<DecodedResponsesRequest, RequestDecodeError> {
+    // 仅消费已识别的本地 transport 开关；未知同名值保留给未来上游协议。
+    let use_websocket = object.get("use_websocket").and_then(Value::as_bool);
+    if use_websocket.is_some() {
+        object.remove("use_websocket");
+    }
+
+    let model = required_non_empty_string(&object, "model", "model")?;
+    if model.trim().is_empty() {
        return Err(RequestDecodeError::EmptyField {
            field: "model".to_owned(),
        });
@@ -336,7 +351,6 @@ pub(super) fn decode_request_inner(
    let continuation = object
        .get("previous_response_id")
        .and_then(Value::as_str)
-        .filter(|response_id| !response_id.is_empty())
        .map(|response_id| ContinuationIntent::PreviousResponseId(response_id.to_owned()))
        .unwrap_or(ContinuationIntent::None);

@@ -367,26 +381,98 @@ fn inject_subagent_metadata(body: &mut Map<String, Value>, subagent: &str) {
    let metadata = body
        .entry("client_metadata".to_owned())
        .or_insert_with(|| Value::Object(Map::new()));
-    if !metadata.is_object() {
-        *metadata = Value::Object(Map::new());
-    }
-    if let Some(metadata) = metadata.as_object_mut() {
-        metadata.insert(
-            OPENAI_SUBAGENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            Value::String(subagent.to_owned()),
-        );
-    }
+    let Some(metadata) = metadata.as_object_mut() else {
+        return;
+    };
+    metadata.insert(
+        OPENAI_SUBAGENT_KEY.to_owned(),
+        Value::String(subagent.to_owned()),
+    );
 }

 fn header_string(headers: &HeaderMap, name: &str) -> Option<String> {
    headers
        .get(name)
        .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
-        .map(str::trim)
-        .filter(|value| !value.is_empty())
        .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
 }

+fn passthrough_headers(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Vec<Value> {
+    let connection_headers = headers
+        .get_all("connection")
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|value| value.to_str().ok())
+        .flat_map(|value| value.split(','))
+        .map(str::trim)
+        .filter(|name| !name.is_empty())
+        .map(str::to_ascii_lowercase)
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    headers
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|(name, _)| passthrough_header_name(name.as_str(), &connection_headers))
+        .map(|(name, value)| {
+            Value::Array(vec![
+                Value::String(name.as_str().to_owned()),
+                Value::String(STANDARD.encode(value.as_bytes())),
+            ])
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn passthrough_header_name(name: &str, connection_headers: &[String]) -> bool {
+    if connection_headers
+        .iter()
+        .any(|connection_header| connection_header.eq_ignore_ascii_case(name))
+        || name.starts_with("sec-websocket-")
+        || name.starts_with("x-grok-")
+        || name.starts_with("x-xai-")
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    !matches!(
+        name,
+        // 逐跳头、上游 authority 和重序列化后的实体长度由 transport 重建。
+        "connection"
+            | "keep-alive"
+            | "proxy-connection"
+            | "proxy-authenticate"
+            | "proxy-authorization"
+            | "te"
+            | "trailer"
+            | "transfer-encoding"
+            | "upgrade"
+            | "host"
+            | "content-length"
+            // 下游连接诊断事实只用于本地观测，不能伪装成 OpenAI 请求事实。
+            | "forwarded"
+            | "x-forwarded-for"
+            | "x-forwarded-host"
+            | "x-forwarded-proto"
+            | "x-forwarded-port"
+            | "x-real-ip"
+            | "true-client-ip"
+            | "cf-connecting-ip"
+            | "x-request-id"
+            // 下游鉴权和账号 cookie 绝不能成为上游账号身份。
+            | "authorization"
+            | "x-api-key"
+            | "cookie"
+            | "cookie2"
+            | "chatgpt-account-id"
+            | "chatgpt-organization-id"
+            | "chatgpt-org-id"
+            | "chatgpt-project-id"
+            | "openai-organization"
+            | "openai-project"
+            | "x-openai-organization"
+            | "x-openai-project"
+            // installation ID 始终由当前 lease 重建。
+            | "x-codex-installation-id"
+    )
+}
+
 fn required_non_empty_string<'a>(
    object: &'a Map<String, Value>,
    key: &str,
@@ -11,15 +11,14 @@ const OPENAI_PROTOCOL: &str = "openai";

 /// OpenAI Responses wire 的转发器。
 ///
-/// OpenAI Provider 与 xAI adapter 都必须交付 OpenAI wire。这里仅保留同一
-/// 响应的身份和终态校验，不再从 canonical facts 重建客户端 JSON；因此
-/// OpenAI 上游的未知字段、字段顺序和事件语义不会被 API 层二次解释。
+/// OpenAI Provider 与 xAI adapter 都必须交付 OpenAI wire。wire 是客户端交付
+/// 与终态判断的事实来源；canonical facts 只在 wire 暂未携带 ID 时提供旁路观测，
+/// 不得反过来拒绝或改写上游事件。
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct OpenAiResponsesEncoder {
    response_id: Option<String>,
    wire_terminal: Option<Value>,
    wire_failure: bool,
-    canonical_completed: bool,
 }

 impl OpenAiResponsesEncoder {
@@ -30,53 +29,41 @@ impl OpenAiResponsesEncoder {
            response_id: None,
            wire_terminal: None,
            wire_failure: false,
-            canonical_completed: false,
        }
    }

    /// 消费一个 Provider event，并返回 SSE frames。
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// 同一响应身份变化时返回错误。
-    pub fn push_sse(&mut self, event: &ProviderEvent) -> Result<Vec<Bytes>, ResponseEncodeError> {
-        self.observe_identity(event)?;
+    pub fn push_sse(&mut self, event: &ProviderEvent) -> Vec<Bytes> {
+        self.observe_canonical_identity(event);
        let Some(wire) = openai_wire(event) else {
-            return Ok(Vec::new());
+            return Vec::new();
        };
-        self.observe_wire_terminal(wire);
+        self.observe_wire(wire);
        if let Some(raw_sse_frame) = wire.raw_sse_frame() {
-            return Ok(vec![raw_sse_frame.clone()]);
+            return vec![raw_sse_frame.clone()];
        }
-        Ok(vec![Bytes::from(encode_sse_event_with_metadata(
+        vec![Bytes::from(encode_sse_event_with_metadata(
            wire.event_type().unwrap_or_default(),
            &wire.data().to_string(),
            wire.sse_id(),
            wire.sse_retry(),
-        ))])
+        ))]
    }

    /// 消费一个 Provider event，并返回 WebSocket JSON messages。
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// 同一响应身份变化时返回错误。
-    pub fn push_websocket(
-        &mut self,
-        event: &ProviderEvent,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<String>, ResponseEncodeError> {
-        self.observe_identity(event)?;
+    pub fn push_websocket(&mut self, event: &ProviderEvent) -> Vec<String> {
+        self.observe_canonical_identity(event);
        let Some(wire) = openai_wire(event).filter(|wire| wire.has_json_data()) else {
-            return Ok(Vec::new());
+            return Vec::new();
        };
-        self.observe_wire_terminal(wire);
-        Ok(vec![wire.data().to_string()])
+        self.observe_wire(wire);
+        vec![wire.data().to_string()]
    }

-    /// 返回是否已经看到同一响应的 canonical 与 wire 终态。
+    /// 返回是否已经看到客户端可见的 wire 终态。
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_completed(&self) -> bool {
-        self.wire_terminal.is_some() && self.canonical_completed
+        self.wire_terminal.is_some()
    }

    /// 返回是否已把 Provider 原生失败 event 交付给客户端。
@@ -95,39 +82,31 @@ impl OpenAiResponsesEncoder {
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
-    /// 缺少 wire 或 canonical 终态时返回错误。
+    /// 缺少可转换为非流式响应的 wire 终态时返回错误。
    pub fn finish(self) -> Result<Value, ResponseEncodeError> {
-        if self.canonical_completed {
-            self.wire_terminal
-                .ok_or(ResponseEncodeError::MissingWireTerminal)
-        } else {
-            Err(ResponseEncodeError::MissingWireTerminal)
-        }
+        self.wire_terminal
+            .ok_or(ResponseEncodeError::MissingWireTerminal)
    }

-    fn observe_identity(&mut self, event: &ProviderEvent) -> Result<(), ResponseEncodeError> {
+    fn observe_canonical_identity(&mut self, event: &ProviderEvent) {
        for fact in event.canonical_facts() {
            let metadata = match fact {
-                GatewayEvent::Started(metadata) => metadata,
-                GatewayEvent::Completed(metadata) => {
-                    self.canonical_completed = true;
-                    metadata
-                }
+                GatewayEvent::Started(metadata) | GatewayEvent::Completed(metadata) => metadata,
                _ => continue,
            };
-            if self
-                .response_id
-                .as_deref()
-                .is_some_and(|current| current != metadata.response_id())
-            {
-                return Err(ResponseEncodeError::WireIdentityChanged);
-            }
            self.response_id = Some(metadata.response_id().to_owned());
        }
-        Ok(())
    }

-    fn observe_wire_terminal(&mut self, wire: &ProtocolWireEvent) {
+    fn observe_wire(&mut self, wire: &ProtocolWireEvent) {
+        if let Some(response_id) = wire
+            .data()
+            .pointer("/response/id")
+            .or_else(|| wire.data().get("response_id"))
+            .and_then(Value::as_str)
+        {
+            self.response_id = Some(response_id.to_owned());
+        }
        let effective_type = wire
            .event_type()
            .or_else(|| wire.data().get("type").and_then(Value::as_str));
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use axum::{
        connect_info::ConnectInfo,
        ws::{CloseFrame, Message, WebSocket, WebSocketUpgrade, close_code},
    },
-    http::{HeaderMap, StatusCode},
+    http::{HeaderMap, HeaderName, StatusCode},
    response::{IntoResponse, Response},
 };
 use futures::StreamExt;
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ use crate::{
    openai::{
        auth::{authenticate_client, authentication_error_response},
        error::{gateway_error_contract, gateway_error_from_engine, runtime_unavailable_response},
-        router::MAX_CLIENT_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES,
        service::OpenAiService,
    },
 };
@@ -102,8 +101,10 @@ impl ResponsesWebSocketAdapter {
            _connection_guard: connection_guard,
        };
        websocket
-            .max_message_size(MAX_CLIENT_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES)
-            .max_frame_size(MAX_CLIENT_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES)
+            // 覆盖 axum/tungstenite 的私有 64 MiB message 与 16 MiB frame 默认值。
+            // Responses JSON 的协议可接受性由上游决定，代理不另设 wire 长度上限。
+            .max_message_size(usize::MAX)
+            .max_frame_size(usize::MAX)
            .on_upgrade(move |socket| async move {
                serve_responses_websocket(socket, session).await;
            })
@@ -303,18 +304,7 @@ async fn forward_execution(
        if let Some(update) = event.take_session_update() {
            provider_state = Some(update);
        }
-        match encoder.push_websocket(event) {
-            Ok(messages) => first_messages.extend(messages),
-            Err(error) => {
-                return send_protocol_error(
-                    socket,
-                    StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-                    error.protocol_body(),
-                    &request_id,
-                )
-                .await;
-            }
-        }
+        first_messages.extend(encoder.push_websocket(event));
    }
    if first_messages.is_empty() {
        let error = GatewayError::new(
@@ -336,9 +326,7 @@ async fn forward_execution(
        {
            return outcome;
        }
-        if let Err(error) = commit_connection_replay(replay, &encoder, provider_state.take()) {
-            return send_gateway_error(socket, &error, &request_id).await;
-        }
+        commit_connection_replay(replay, &encoder, provider_state.take());
        if !send_text(
            socket,
            response_metadata_event(&request_id, &response_headers),
@@ -378,18 +366,7 @@ async fn forward_execution(
                    if let Some(update) = event.take_session_update() {
                        provider_state = Some(update);
                    }
-                    match encoder.push_websocket(event) {
-                        Ok(encoded) => messages.extend(encoded),
-                        Err(error) => {
-                            return send_protocol_error(
-                                socket,
-                                StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-                                error.protocol_body(),
-                                &request_id,
-                            )
-                            .await;
-                        }
-                    }
+                    messages.extend(encoder.push_websocket(event));
                }
                if encoder.is_completed() {
                    if let Err(outcome) =
@@ -397,11 +374,7 @@ async fn forward_execution(
                    {
                        return outcome;
                    }
-                    if let Err(error) =
-                        commit_connection_replay(replay, &encoder, provider_state.take())
-                    {
-                        return send_gateway_error(socket, &error, &request_id).await;
-                    }
+                    commit_connection_replay(replay, &encoder, provider_state.take());
                    if !send_messages(socket, messages).await {
                        return ForwardOutcome::Disconnect;
                    }
@@ -413,9 +386,17 @@ async fn forward_execution(
                }
            }
            ActiveInput::Event(Ok(None)) => {
+                if execution
+                    .session_mut()
+                    .is_some_and(|session| session.is_finalized())
+                {
+                    commit_connection_replay(replay, &encoder, provider_state.take());
+                    execution.disarm();
+                    return ForwardOutcome::Continue;
+                }
                let error = GatewayError::new(
                    GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
-                    "gateway response ended without a terminal event",
+                    "gateway response ended without finalizing the execution",
                );
                return send_gateway_error(socket, &error, &request_id).await;
            }
@@ -441,15 +422,10 @@ fn commit_connection_replay(
    replay: &mut ConnectionReplaySnapshot,
    encoder: &OpenAiResponsesEncoder,
    provider_state: Option<ProviderSessionState>,
-) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
-    let response_id = encoder.response_id().ok_or_else(|| {
-        GatewayError::new(
-            GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
-            "gateway completed a response without an identity",
-        )
-    })?;
-    replay.commit(response_id.to_owned(), provider_state);
-    Ok(())
+) {
+    if let Some(response_id) = encoder.response_id() {
+        replay.commit(response_id.to_owned(), provider_state);
+    }
 }

 async fn confirm_completed_execution(
@@ -549,9 +525,7 @@ fn decode_response_create_inner(
    if matches!(body.get("stream"), Some(value) if value.as_bool() != Some(true)) {
        return Err(ResponseCreateFrameError::StreamingRequired);
    }
-    let encoded = serde_json::to_vec(&Value::Object(body))
-        .map_err(|_| ResponseCreateFrameError::InvalidJson)?;
-    super::request::decode_request_inner(&encoded, false, request_headers)
+    super::request::decode_request_object(body, false, request_headers)
        .map_err(ResponseCreateFrameError::Request)
 }

@@ -597,21 +571,24 @@ fn response_metadata_event(
    request_id: &str,
    response_headers: &[ProviderResponseHeader],
 ) -> String {
-    let mut headers = response_headers
-        .iter()
-        .filter_map(|header| {
-            super::safe_response_header_name(header.name()).map(|name| {
-                (
-                    name.to_owned(),
-                    Value::String(header.value().as_str().to_owned()),
-                )
-            })
-        })
-        .collect::<Map<String, Value>>();
-    headers.insert(
-        "x-request-id".to_owned(),
-        Value::String(request_id.to_owned()),
-    );
+    let connection_options = super::response_connection_options(response_headers);
+    let mut headers = Map::new();
+    for header in response_headers {
+        if !super::response_header_is_forwardable(header.name(), &connection_options) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let Ok(name) = HeaderName::from_bytes(header.name().as_bytes()) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let Ok(value) = std::str::from_utf8(header.value()) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        // 官方 response.metadata 使用 string map，无法表达同名多值；后值保持既有覆盖语义。
+        headers.insert(name.as_str().to_owned(), Value::String(value.to_owned()));
+    }
+    headers
+        .entry("x-request-id".to_owned())
+        .or_insert_with(|| Value::String(request_id.to_owned()));
    json!({
        "type": "response.metadata",
        "headers": headers,
@@ -13,9 +13,6 @@ use super::{

 use crate::ApiState;

-/// OpenAI 请求正文上限。
-pub const MAX_CLIENT_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES: usize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
-
 /// 构造 OpenAI 客户端协议路由。
 pub(crate) fn router() -> Router<ApiState> {
    Router::new()
@@ -26,5 +23,7 @@ pub(crate) fn router() -> Router<ApiState> {
        .route("/v1/models/{model_id}/info", get(model_info))
        // 官方 OpenAI 模型详情合同使用 path ID；它不属于 Admin API 约束。
        .route("/v1/models/{model_id}", get(model_detail))
-        .layer(DefaultBodyLimit::max(MAX_CLIENT_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES))
+        // Responses 正文属于 OpenAI/Codex 协议；代理不能用私有大小上限提前拒绝
+        // 上游本可接受的未来 payload。
+        .layer(DefaultBodyLimit::disable())
 }
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use gateway_core::engine::execution::{
 };
 use gateway_core::error::{GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind};
 use gateway_core::lifecycle::{ConnectionDraining, ConnectionGuard, ConnectionLifecycle};
-use gateway_core::routing::PublicModelId;
+use gateway_core::routing::{PublicModelId, PublicModelProfile};
 use uuid::Uuid;

 use super::auth::ClientApiKeyAuthError;
@@ -51,6 +51,13 @@ impl OpenAiService {
            .collect()
    }

+    pub(crate) fn public_model_profiles(
+        &self,
+        client: &AuthenticatedClient,
+    ) -> Vec<PublicModelProfile> {
+        self.execution.public_model_profiles(client)
+    }
+
    pub(crate) fn contains_public_model(
        &self,
        client: &AuthenticatedClient,
@@ -74,16 +81,10 @@ impl OpenAiService {
                    "requested model was not found",
                )
            })?;
-        if !self.execution.contains_public_model(&client, &public_model) {
-            return Err(GatewayError::new(
-                GatewayErrorKind::ModelNotFound,
-                "requested model was not found",
-            ));
-        }
        let previous_response_id = match metadata.continuation() {
            ContinuationIntent::None => None,
            ContinuationIntent::PreviousResponseId(value) => {
-                PreviousResponseId::new(value.clone()).ok()
+                Some(PreviousResponseId::new(value.clone()))
            }
        };
        self.execution
@@ -105,12 +105,15 @@ mod actions {
    use gateway_admin::model::{
        Revision,
        accounts::{AccountConnectionTestEvent as DomainConnectionTestEvent, AccountStatus},
-        provider_credentials::{CredentialDeletionResult, CredentialImportResult},
+        provider_credentials::{
+            CredentialDeletionResult, CredentialImportResult, CredentialMutationResult,
+        },
    };
    use gateway_api::admin::accounts::{
        AccountActionRequest, AccountConnectionTestEvent, AccountDeletionData,
        AccountDeletionRequest, AccountExportData, AccountExportQuery, AccountIdQuery,
-        AccountImportData, AccountImportRequest, AccountRefreshRequest, AccountTestQuery,
+        AccountImportData, AccountImportRequest, AccountMutationData, AccountRefreshRequest,
+        AccountTestQuery, RotateAccountRequest, StartAccountAuthorizationRequest,
    };
    use gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId;
    use serde_json::json;
@@ -147,7 +150,7 @@ mod actions {
    }

    #[test]
-    fn account_actions_should_require_frozen_account_ids_and_revision() {
+    fn account_actions_should_require_frozen_account_ids_and_reject_unknown_revision() {
        let id: AccountIdQuery =
            serde_json::from_value(json!({ "accountId": "acct_1" })).expect("decode ID query");
        assert!(id.validate().is_ok());
@@ -155,13 +158,68 @@ mod actions {
            serde_json::from_value(json!({ "accountId": "legacy-id" })).expect("decode action");
        assert_eq!(action.validate().unwrap_err().field(), "accountId");
        let refresh: AccountRefreshRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
-            "accountId": "acct_1",
-            "expectedConfigRevision": 0
+            "accountId": "acct_1"
        }))
        .expect("decode refresh");
+        assert!(refresh.validate().is_ok());
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<AccountRefreshRequest>(json!({
+                "accountId": "acct_1",
+                "expectedConfigRevision": 0
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn credential_recovery_requests_should_not_accept_client_revision_fences() {
+        let authorization: StartAccountAuthorizationRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "provider": "openai",
+            "name": "reauthorize",
+            "accountId": "acct_1"
+        }))
+        .expect("decode reauthorization");
+        assert!(authorization.validate().is_ok());
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<StartAccountAuthorizationRequest>(json!({
+                "provider": "openai",
+                "name": "reauthorize",
+                "accountId": "acct_1",
+                "expectedCredentialRevision": 1
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+
+        let rotation: RotateAccountRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "provider": "openai",
+            "accountId": "acct_1",
+            "accessToken": "header.payload.signature",
+            "refreshToken": "refresh-token"
+        }))
+        .expect("decode rotation");
+        assert!(rotation.validate().is_ok());
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<RotateAccountRequest>(json!({
+                "provider": "openai",
+                "accountId": "acct_1",
+                "expectedCredentialRevision": 1,
+                "accessToken": "header.payload.signature"
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn credential_mutation_response_should_not_expose_internal_revision() {
+        let response = AccountMutationData::from(CredentialMutationResult {
+            config_revision: Revision::new(8).expect("config revision"),
+            account_id: ProviderAccountId::new("acct_1").expect("account ID"),
+            credential_revision: Some(Revision::new(9).expect("credential revision")),
+        });
+
        assert_eq!(
-            refresh.validate().unwrap_err().field(),
-            "expectedConfigRevision"
+            serde_json::to_value(response).expect("serialize credential mutation"),
+            json!({ "accountId": "acct_1" })
        );
    }

@@ -169,7 +227,6 @@ mod actions {
    fn account_import_should_use_provider_and_opaque_data_fields() {
        let valid: AccountImportRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
            "provider": "openai",
-            "expectedConfigRevision": 7,
            "data": {
                "providerOwnedUnknownField": {"nested": [1, 2, 3]},
                "accounts": [{"credentials": {"access_token": "provider-validates-this"}}]
@@ -180,7 +237,6 @@ mod actions {

        let invalid: AccountImportRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
            "provider": "xai",
-            "expectedConfigRevision": 7,
            "data": []
        }))
        .expect("decode invalid account import");
@@ -188,27 +244,32 @@ mod actions {
        assert!(
            serde_json::from_value::<AccountImportRequest>(json!({
                "provider": "openai",
-                "expectedConfigRevision": 7,
                "document": {}
            }))
            .is_err()
        );
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<AccountImportRequest>(json!({
+                "provider": "openai",
+                "expectedConfigRevision": 7,
+                "data": {}
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn account_deletion_should_validate_one_provider_batch_and_emit_account_ids() {
        let request: AccountDeletionRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
            "provider": "xai",
-            "accountIds": ["acct_1", "acct_2"],
-            "expectedConfigRevision": 8
+            "accountIds": ["acct_1", "acct_2"]
        }))
        .expect("decode account deletion");
        assert!(request.validate().is_ok());

        let duplicate: AccountDeletionRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
            "provider": "xai",
-            "accountIds": ["acct_1", "acct_1"],
-            "expectedConfigRevision": 8
+            "accountIds": ["acct_1", "acct_1"]
        }))
        .expect("decode duplicate account deletion");
        assert_eq!(duplicate.validate().unwrap_err().field(), "accountIds");
@@ -223,7 +284,6 @@ mod actions {
        assert_eq!(
            serde_json::to_value(response).expect("serialize account deletion"),
            json!({
-                "configRevision": 9,
                "deletedCount": 2,
                "accountIds": ["acct_1", "acct_2"]
            })
@@ -239,7 +299,6 @@ mod actions {
        assert_eq!(
            serde_json::to_value(response).expect("serialize account import"),
            json!({
-                "configRevision": 8,
                "importedCount": 1,
                "accountIds": ["acct_imported"]
            })
@@ -276,7 +335,12 @@ mod actions {
            },
            DomainConnectionTestEvent::Failed {
                message: "upstream unavailable".to_owned(),
-                account_status: AccountStatus::Active,
+                provider_error_code: Some("usage_exhausted".to_owned()),
+                provider_error_type: Some("invalid_request_error".to_owned()),
+                upstream_status: Some(429),
+                upstream_content_type: Some("application/json".to_owned()),
+                upstream_body: Some(r#"{"error":{"type":"usage_limit_reached"}}"#.to_owned()),
+                account_status: AccountStatus::QuotaExhausted,
            },
        ]
        .map(|event| AccountConnectionTestEvent::from(event).data);
@@ -302,7 +366,16 @@ mod actions {
                }),
                json!({ "type": "content", "text": "OK" }),
                json!({ "type": "test_complete", "success": true, "accountStatus": "active" }),
-                json!({ "type": "error", "error": "upstream unavailable", "accountStatus": "active" }),
+                json!({
+                    "type": "error",
+                    "error": "upstream unavailable",
+                    "providerErrorCode": "usage_exhausted",
+                    "providerErrorType": "invalid_request_error",
+                    "upstreamStatus": 429,
+                    "upstreamContentType": "application/json",
+                    "upstreamBody": r#"{"error":{"type":"usage_limit_reached"}}"#,
+                    "accountStatus": "quota_exhausted"
+                }),
            ]
        );
    }
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ async fn default_auth_service_should_initialize_login_validate_and_logout() {
    let service = fixture.services.auth();
    let session = service
        .login(LoginCommand {
-            source: "127.0.0.1".to_owned(),
            username: Some("admin_1".to_owned()),
            password: "strong-admin-password".to_owned(),
        })
@@ -84,42 +83,6 @@ async fn default_auth_service_should_initialize_login_validate_and_logout() {
    assert_eq!(fixture.auth.audit_count(), 2);
 }

-#[tokio::test]
-async fn default_auth_service_should_throttle_repeated_invalid_identity() {
-    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
-    for attempt in 1..=5 {
-        let error = fixture
-            .services
-            .auth()
-            .login(LoginCommand {
-                source: "shared-source".to_owned(),
-                username: Some("wrong-user".to_owned()),
-                password: "wrong-password".to_owned(),
-            })
-            .await
-            .expect_err("invalid login");
-        if attempt < 5 {
-            assert_eq!(error, LoginError::InvalidCredentials);
-        } else {
-            assert_eq!(error, LoginError::Throttled);
-        }
-    }
-    assert_eq!(
-        fixture
-            .services
-            .auth()
-            .login(LoginCommand {
-                source: "shared-source".to_owned(),
-                username: None,
-                password: "anything".to_owned(),
-            })
-            .await
-            .expect_err("source remains throttled"),
-        LoginError::Throttled
-    );
-    assert_eq!(fixture.auth.session_count(), 0);
-}
-
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn default_auth_service_should_verify_only_full_plaintext_admin_key() {
    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
@@ -162,7 +125,6 @@ async fn audit_failure_should_revoke_new_session_before_returning_it() {
            .services
            .auth()
            .login(LoginCommand {
-                source: "source".to_owned(),
                username: None,
                password: "strong-admin-password".to_owned(),
            })
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use chrono::{DateTime, TimeZone as _, Utc};
 use gateway_api::admin::client_keys::{
-    self, ClientKeyCursorData, ClientKeyCursorValue, ClientKeyListData, ClientKeyRevisionRequest,
+    self, ClientKeyCursorData, ClientKeyCursorValue, ClientKeyListData, ClientKeyMutationRequest,
    ClientKeySort, ClientKeySortDirection, ClientKeySortField, ClientKeyView,
    CreateClientKeyRequest, CreatedClientKeyData, ListClientKeysQuery, MutatedClientKeyData,
    RevealedClientKeyData, UpdateClientKeyRequest, decode_client_key_cursor,
@@ -101,9 +101,8 @@ fn client_key_queries_should_reject_unknown_zero_and_oversized_fields() {
 }

 #[test]
-fn client_key_mutations_should_validate_revision_text_limits_and_unknown_fields() {
+fn client_key_mutations_should_validate_text_limits_and_unknown_fields() {
    let valid = serde_json::from_value::<CreateClientKeyRequest>(json!({
-        "expectedConfigRevision": 7,
        "name": "terminal key",
        "label": "production",
        "providerKind": "openai",
@@ -113,22 +112,11 @@ fn client_key_mutations_should_validate_revision_text_limits_and_unknown_fields(
    .expect("deserialize create")
    .into_command()
    .expect("validate create");
-    assert_eq!(valid.expected_config_revision.get(), 7);
+    assert_eq!(valid.name, "terminal key");

    for (payload, field) in [
        (
            json!({
-                "expectedConfigRevision": 0,
-                "name": "key",
-                "providerKind": "openai",
-                "maxConcurrency": 0,
-                "requestsPerMinute": 0
-            }),
-            "expectedConfigRevision",
-        ),
-        (
-            json!({
-                "expectedConfigRevision": 1,
                "name": " ",
                "providerKind": "openai",
                "maxConcurrency": 0,
@@ -138,7 +126,6 @@ fn client_key_mutations_should_validate_revision_text_limits_and_unknown_fields(
        ),
        (
            json!({
-                "expectedConfigRevision": 1,
                "name": "key",
                "providerKind": "openai",
                "maxConcurrency": u64::MAX,
@@ -170,14 +157,23 @@ fn client_key_mutations_should_validate_revision_text_limits_and_unknown_fields(
        }))
        .is_err()
    );
-    let revision = serde_json::from_value::<ClientKeyRevisionRequest>(json!({
-        "id": "key_1",
-        "expectedConfigRevision": 3
+    assert!(
+        serde_json::from_value::<CreateClientKeyRequest>(json!({
+            "expectedConfigRevision": 7,
+            "name": "terminal key",
+            "providerKind": "openai",
+            "maxConcurrency": 2,
+            "requestsPerMinute": 60
+        }))
+        .is_err()
+    );
+    let mutation_id = serde_json::from_value::<ClientKeyMutationRequest>(json!({
+        "id": "key_1"
    }))
-    .expect("deserialize revision mutation")
-    .into_parts()
-    .expect("validate revision mutation");
-    assert_eq!(revision, ("key_1".to_owned(), 3));
+    .expect("deserialize mutation")
+    .into_id()
+    .expect("validate mutation");
+    assert_eq!(mutation_id, "key_1");
 }

 #[test]
@@ -225,9 +221,9 @@ fn client_key_responses_should_keep_shape_and_redact_creation_debug() {
        updated_at: created_at,
        last_used_at: Some(created_at),
    });
-    let list = serde_json::to_value(ClientKeyListData::new(9, vec![view], None, 1))
-        .expect("serialize list");
-    assert_eq!(list["configRevision"], 9);
+    let list =
+        serde_json::to_value(ClientKeyListData::new(vec![view], None, 1)).expect("serialize list");
+    assert!(list.get("configRevision").is_none());
    assert_eq!(list["total"], 1);
    assert_eq!(list["items"][0]["id"], "key_visible");
    assert_eq!(list["items"][0]["providerKind"], "openai");
@@ -248,7 +244,6 @@ fn client_key_responses_should_keep_shape_and_redact_creation_debug() {

    let plaintext = format!("sk_{}", "a".repeat(43));
    let created = CreatedClientKeyData::new(
-        10,
        "key_created".to_owned(),
        "sk_aaaaaaaaa".to_owned(),
        plaintext.clone(),
@@ -263,9 +258,9 @@ fn client_key_responses_should_keep_shape_and_redact_creation_debug() {
        json!({ "id": "key_created", "plaintextKey": plaintext })
    );
    assert_eq!(
-        serde_json::to_value(MutatedClientKeyData::new(11, "key_created".to_owned()))
+        serde_json::to_value(MutatedClientKeyData::new("key_created".to_owned()))
            .expect("serialize mutation"),
-        json!({ "configRevision": 11, "id": "key_created" })
+        json!({ "id": "key_created" })
    );
 }

@@ -58,9 +58,8 @@ use gateway_api::admin::AdminSessionState;
 use gateway_core::{
    engine::{
        credential::ProviderAccountId,
-        probe::{AccountProbe, AccountProbeRequest, AccountProbeResult},
+        probe::{AccountProbe, AccountProbeError, AccountProbeRequest, AccountProbeResult},
    },
-    error::GatewayError,
    policy::{ClientApiKeyId, RateLimits},
    routing::{
        ConfigRevision, ProviderKind, PublicModelId, UpstreamModelId, snapshot::SnapshotControl,
@@ -80,17 +79,24 @@ pub(super) struct AdminTestFixture {
    pub auth: Arc<MemoryAuthStore>,
    pub settings: Arc<MemorySettingsStore>,
    pub usage_records: Arc<Mutex<Vec<UsageRecord>>>,
+    pub dashboard_observation: Arc<Mutex<Option<DashboardObservation>>>,
 }

 impl AdminTestFixture {
    pub async fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::with_system(Arc::new(UnusedSystem)).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn with_system(system: Arc<dyn SystemOperations>) -> Self {
        let api_key = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
        let auth = Arc::new(MemoryAuthStore::new(api_key.clone()));
        let settings = Arc::new(MemorySettingsStore::new(api_key));
        let client_keys = Arc::new(MemoryClientKeyStore);
        let usage_records = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+        let dashboard_observation = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
        let unused = Arc::new(UnusedStore {
            usage_records: Arc::clone(&usage_records),
+            dashboard_observation: Arc::clone(&dashboard_observation),
        });
        let stores = AdminStorePorts::new(
            unused.clone(),
@@ -113,7 +119,7 @@ impl AdminTestFixture {
            providers,
            Arc::new(NoopSnapshot),
            Arc::new(NoopProbe),
-            Arc::new(UnusedSystem),
+            system,
        )
        .await
        .expect("initialize test admin services");
@@ -122,6 +128,7 @@ impl AdminTestFixture {
            auth,
            settings,
            usage_records,
+            dashboard_observation,
        }
    }

@@ -142,7 +149,6 @@ impl AdminSessionState for AdminTestState {
 pub(super) struct MemoryAuthStore {
    password_hash: Mutex<Option<String>>,
    sessions: Mutex<BTreeMap<String, AdminSession>>,
-    failures: Mutex<BTreeMap<String, u32>>,
    audits: Mutex<Vec<AdminAuditEvent>>,
    api_key: Arc<Mutex<Option<AdminApiKey>>>,
    fail_audit: AtomicBool,
@@ -153,7 +159,6 @@ impl MemoryAuthStore {
        Self {
            password_hash: Mutex::new(None),
            sessions: Mutex::new(BTreeMap::new()),
-            failures: Mutex::new(BTreeMap::new()),
            audits: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
            api_key,
            fail_audit: AtomicBool::new(false),
@@ -235,37 +240,6 @@ impl AuthStore for MemoryAuthStore {
        Ok(self.sessions.lock().expect("sessions").remove(session_id))
    }

-    async fn login_source_is_throttled(
-        &self,
-        source: &str,
-        failure_limit: u32,
-        _: u64,
-    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
-        Ok(self
-            .failures
-            .lock()
-            .expect("failures")
-            .get(source)
-            .is_some_and(|count| *count >= failure_limit))
-    }
-
-    async fn record_login_failure(
-        &self,
-        source: &str,
-        failure_limit: u32,
-        _: u64,
-    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
-        let mut failures = self.failures.lock().expect("failures");
-        let count = failures.entry(source.to_owned()).or_default();
-        *count = count.saturating_add(1);
-        Ok(*count >= failure_limit)
-    }
-
-    async fn clear_login_failures(&self, source: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
-        self.failures.lock().expect("failures").remove(source);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
    async fn append_audit_event(&self, event: AdminAuditEvent) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
        if self.fail_audit.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
            return Err(unavailable("auth audit"));
@@ -308,8 +282,9 @@ impl SettingsStore for MemorySettingsStore {
        command: ReplaceRuntimeSettings,
        _: &MutationContext,
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<RuntimeSettings> {
+        let mut settings = self.settings.lock().expect("settings");
        let updated = RuntimeSettings {
-            config_revision: next_revision(command.expected_config_revision),
+            config_revision: next_revision(settings.config_revision),
            model_mappings: command.model_mappings,
            refresh_margin_seconds: command.refresh_margin_seconds,
            refresh_concurrency: command.refresh_concurrency,
@@ -321,31 +296,31 @@ impl SettingsStore for MemorySettingsStore {
            audit_retention_days: command.audit_retention_days,
            updated_at: Utc::now(),
        };
-        *self.settings.lock().expect("settings") = updated.clone();
+        *settings = updated.clone();
        Ok(updated)
    }

    async fn replace_admin_api_key(
        &self,
-        expected_config_revision: Revision,
        key: AdminApiKey,
        _: &MutationContext,
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
        *self.api_key.lock().expect("API key") = Some(key);
+        let revision = self.settings.lock().expect("settings").config_revision;
        Ok(AdminApiKeyMutation {
-            config_revision: next_revision(expected_config_revision),
+            config_revision: next_revision(revision),
            exists: true,
        })
    }

    async fn delete_admin_api_key(
        &self,
-        expected_config_revision: Revision,
        _: &MutationContext,
    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AdminApiKeyMutation> {
        *self.api_key.lock().expect("API key") = None;
+        let revision = self.settings.lock().expect("settings").config_revision;
        Ok(AdminApiKeyMutation {
-            config_revision: next_revision(expected_config_revision),
+            config_revision: next_revision(revision),
            exists: false,
        })
    }
@@ -421,6 +396,7 @@ impl ClientKeyStore for MemoryClientKeyStore {

 struct UnusedStore {
    usage_records: Arc<Mutex<Vec<UsageRecord>>>,
+    dashboard_observation: Arc<Mutex<Option<DashboardObservation>>>,
 }

 #[async_trait]
@@ -532,7 +508,11 @@ impl AccountStore for UnusedStore {
 #[async_trait]
 impl ObservabilityStore for UnusedStore {
    async fn dashboard_summary(&self, _: TimeRange) -> AdminStoreResult<DashboardObservation> {
-        Err(unavailable("dashboard"))
+        self.dashboard_observation
+            .lock()
+            .expect("dashboard observation")
+            .clone()
+            .ok_or_else(|| unavailable("dashboard"))
    }

    async fn dashboard_trend(&self, _: TimeRange) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<RequestMetricPoint>> {
@@ -703,7 +683,7 @@ impl AccountProbe for NoopProbe {
    fn probe(
        &self,
        _: AccountProbeRequest,
-    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<AccountProbeResult, GatewayError>> {
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<AccountProbeResult, AccountProbeError>> {
        Box::pin(async { panic!("unused account probe") })
    }
 }
@@ -260,6 +260,80 @@ mod response {
    }
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn dashboard_summary_should_include_quota_exhaustion_in_unavailable_headline_count() {
+    use axum::{
+        body::{Body, to_bytes},
+        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
+    };
+    use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+    use gateway_admin::model::observability::{
+        AccountPoolMetrics, AttemptMetrics, DashboardObservation, RequestMetrics, TimeRange,
+    };
+    use gateway_api::admin::observability;
+    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+    use super::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState};
+
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    *fixture
+        .dashboard_observation
+        .lock()
+        .expect("dashboard observation") = Some(DashboardObservation {
+        range: TimeRange::new(now - Duration::hours(1), now).expect("dashboard range"),
+        requests: RequestMetrics::default(),
+        attempts: AttemptMetrics::default(),
+        provider_accounts: AccountPoolMetrics {
+            total: 807,
+            enabled: 804,
+            unavailable: 792,
+            active: 15,
+            expired: 2,
+            quota_exhausted: 785,
+            refreshing: None,
+            disabled: 3,
+            banned: 2,
+        },
+        trend: Vec::new(),
+        account_usage: Vec::new(),
+        recent_requests: Vec::new(),
+    });
+
+    let response = observability::router::<AdminTestState>()
+        .with_state(fixture.state())
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/api/admin/dashboard/summary")
+                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+                .header("x-request-id", "req_dashboard_account_summary")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("dashboard request"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard response");
+    let status = response.status();
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), 1024 * 1024)
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard response body");
+    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("dashboard response JSON");
+    assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::OK, "{value}");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        (
+            &value["data"]["cards"]["credentials"]["totalValue"],
+            &value["data"]["cards"]["credentials"]["availableValue"],
+            &value["data"]["cards"]["credentials"]["unavailableValue"],
+        ),
+        (
+            &serde_json::json!(807),
+            &serde_json::json!(15),
+            &serde_json::json!(792)
+        ),
+    );
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn usage_route_should_forward_a_bounded_unknown_outcome_filter() {
    use axum::{
@@ -291,12 +365,17 @@ async fn usage_route_should_forward_a_bounded_unknown_outcome_filter() {

 #[tokio::test]
 async fn usage_route_should_expose_image_and_websocket_facts() {
+    use std::str::FromStr as _;
+
    use axum::{
        body::{Body, to_bytes},
        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
    };
    use chrono::Utc;
-    use gateway_admin::model::observability::{RequestOutcome, UsageRecord};
+    use gateway_admin::model::observability::{
+        CalculatedBillingBreakdown, CurrencyCost, DecimalAmount, RequestOutcome, UsageBilling,
+        UsageRecord,
+    };
    use gateway_api::admin::observability;
    use tower::ServiceExt as _;

@@ -304,6 +383,10 @@ async fn usage_route_should_expose_image_and_websocket_facts() {

    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    let usd = |amount: &str| CurrencyCost {
+        currency: "USD".to_owned(),
+        amount: DecimalAmount::from_str(amount).expect("USD amount"),
+    };
    fixture
        .usage_records
        .lock()
@@ -326,6 +409,7 @@ async fn usage_route_should_expose_image_and_websocket_facts() {
            upstream_transport: Some("http_sse".to_owned()),
            http_version: Some("h2".to_owned()),
            websocket_pool: Some("reuse".to_owned()),
+            service_tier: Some("priority".to_owned()),
            provider_metadata_json: Some(
                serde_json::json!({
                    "effectiveModel": "grok-4.5",
@@ -358,7 +442,22 @@ async fn usage_route_should_expose_image_and_websocket_facts() {
            cost_source: "unavailable".to_owned(),
            cost_amount: None,
            cost_currency: None,
-            billing: None,
+            billing: Some(UsageBilling::Calculated(Box::new(
+                CalculatedBillingBreakdown {
+                    input_amount: usd("0.03"),
+                    output_amount: usd("0.07"),
+                    cache_read_amount: usd("0.00"),
+                    cache_write_amount: usd("0.00"),
+                    standard_amount: usd("0.10"),
+                    total_amount: usd("0.10"),
+                    input_price_per_million: usd("10.0000"),
+                    output_price_per_million: usd("60.0000"),
+                    cache_read_price_per_million: usd("1.0000"),
+                    cache_write_price_per_million: usd("12.5000"),
+                    service_tier: Some("priority".to_owned()),
+                    multiplier_percent: 100,
+                },
+            ))),
            transport_decision_wait_ms: Some(7),
            connect_ms: Some(11),
            headers_ms: Some(13),
@@ -399,9 +498,23 @@ async fn usage_route_should_expose_image_and_websocket_facts() {
        .expect("usage response body");
    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("usage response JSON");

+    assert_eq!(
+        value["data"]["items"][0]["billing"]["inputPriceDisplay"],
+        "$10 / 1M Token"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        value["data"]["items"][0]["billing"]["outputPriceDisplay"],
+        "$60 / 1M Token"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        value["data"]["items"][0]["billing"]["cacheWritePriceDisplay"],
+        "$12.5 / 1M Token"
+    );
+
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::json!({
            "route": value["data"]["items"][0]["route"],
+            "serviceTier": value["data"]["items"][0]["serviceTier"],
            "authenticationKind": value["data"]["items"][0]["authenticationKind"],
            "imageInputTokens": value["data"]["items"][0]["tokenDetails"]["imageInputTokens"],
            "imageOutputTokens": value["data"]["items"][0]["tokenDetails"]["imageOutputTokens"],
@@ -428,6 +541,7 @@ async fn usage_route_should_expose_image_and_websocket_facts() {
        }),
        serde_json::json!({
            "route": "/v1/responses",
+            "serviceTier": "priority",
            "authenticationKind": "oauth",
            "imageInputTokens": 31,
            "imageOutputTokens": 9,
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ async fn response_json(response: axum::response::Response) -> Value {

 fn update_body() -> Value {
    json!({
-        "expectedConfigRevision": 7,
        "modelMappings": {
            "gpt-5.4": "gpt-5.5",
            "grok-latest": "grok-4.5"
@@ -64,22 +63,11 @@ fn settings_request_should_reject_unknown_rotation_strategy() {
 }

 #[test]
-fn settings_request_should_require_positive_revision() {
+fn settings_request_should_reject_unknown_revision_field() {
    let mut body = update_body();
-    body["expectedConfigRevision"] = json!(0);
-    let request: UpdateRuntimeSettingsRequest =
-        serde_json::from_value(body).expect("decode settings");
-    assert_eq!(
-        request.validate().unwrap_err().field(),
-        "expectedConfigRevision"
-    );
+    body["expectedConfigRevision"] = json!(7);

-    let mut missing = update_body();
-    missing
-        .as_object_mut()
-        .expect("settings object")
-        .remove("expectedConfigRevision");
-    assert!(serde_json::from_value::<UpdateRuntimeSettingsRequest>(missing).is_err());
+    assert!(serde_json::from_value::<UpdateRuntimeSettingsRequest>(body).is_err());
 }

 #[test]
@@ -124,7 +112,7 @@ async fn settings_post_should_replace_global_model_mappings() {
        .expect("settings update response");
    let data = response_json(response).await["data"].clone();

-    assert_eq!(data["configRevision"], 8);
+    assert!(data.get("configRevision").is_none());
    assert_eq!(data["modelMappings"]["gpt-5.4"], "gpt-5.5");
    assert_eq!(data["modelMappings"]["grok-latest"], "grok-4.5");
 }
@@ -213,3 +201,26 @@ async fn settings_should_accept_admin_api_key_header() {

    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
 }
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn admin_auth_should_accept_a_configured_request_id_header_name() {
+    use axum::http::HeaderName;
+    use tower_http::request_id::{MakeRequestUuid, SetRequestIdLayer};
+
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    // 部署把 api.request_id_header 改名后，注入的 header 不再叫 x-request-id；
+    // 管理请求仍须拿到请求上下文，而不是退化为 500。
+    let custom = HeaderName::from_static("x-trace-id");
+    let app = app(fixture.state()).layer(SetRequestIdLayer::new(custom, MakeRequestUuid));
+    let unlabelled = Request::builder()
+        .method(Method::GET)
+        .uri("/api/admin/settings")
+        .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .expect("build settings request");
+
+    let response = app.oneshot(unlabelled).await.expect("settings response");
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+}
@@ -1,4 +1,24 @@
-use gateway_api::admin::system::{UpdateDetailQuery, UpdateRequest};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use axum::{
+    Router,
+    body::{Body, to_bytes},
+    http::{Request, header},
+};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use futures::stream;
+use gateway_admin::{
+    model::system::{
+        SystemOperationAccepted, SystemUpdateDetail, SystemUpdateEvent, SystemUpdateEventLevel,
+        SystemUpdateStatus, SystemVersion,
+    },
+    ports::system::{SystemOperationError, SystemOperations, SystemUpdateEventStream},
+};
+use gateway_api::admin::system::{self, UpdateDetailQuery, UpdateRequest};
+use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+use super::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState, unavailable_system};

 #[test]
 fn update_detail_query_should_default_to_no_refresh_and_reject_unknown_fields() {
@@ -16,3 +36,84 @@ fn update_request_should_preserve_target_version_for_domain_validation() {
        serde_json::from_str::<UpdateRequest>(r#"{"targetVersion":"v0.2.0","extra":1}"#).is_err()
    );
 }
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn update_event_stream_should_preserve_event_id_and_download_progress_percent() {
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::with_system(Arc::new(ProgressSystem)).await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    let response = app(fixture.state())
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/api/admin/system/update/events")
+                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+                .header("x-request-id", "req_system_update_events")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("update event request"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("update event response");
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), 1024 * 1024)
+        .await
+        .expect("update event body");
+    let body = String::from_utf8(body.to_vec()).expect("UTF-8 event stream");
+
+    assert!(
+        body.contains(r#""id":"update-progress-1""#),
+        "unexpected update event stream: {body}"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        body.contains(r#""progressPercent":40"#),
+        "unexpected update event stream: {body}"
+    );
+}
+
+fn app(state: AdminTestState) -> Router {
+    system::router::<AdminTestState>().with_state(state)
+}
+
+struct ProgressSystem;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl SystemOperations for ProgressSystem {
+    async fn version(&self) -> Result<SystemVersion, SystemOperationError> {
+        Err(unavailable_system())
+    }
+
+    async fn update_detail(&self, _: bool) -> Result<SystemUpdateDetail, SystemOperationError> {
+        Err(unavailable_system())
+    }
+
+    fn update_events(&self) -> SystemUpdateEventStream {
+        Box::pin(stream::once(async {
+            SystemUpdateEvent {
+                id: "update-progress-1".to_owned(),
+                operation_id: Some("update-1".to_owned()),
+                level: SystemUpdateEventLevel::Info,
+                step: Some("download".to_owned()),
+                message: "已下载 4.0 MiB / 10.0 MiB (40%)".to_owned(),
+                terminal: true,
+                progress_percent: Some(40),
+                occurred_at: Utc::now(),
+            }
+        }))
+    }
+
+    async fn perform_update(
+        &self,
+        _: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, SystemOperationError> {
+        Err(unavailable_system())
+    }
+
+    async fn update_status(&self) -> Result<SystemUpdateStatus, SystemOperationError> {
+        Err(unavailable_system())
+    }
+
+    async fn rollback(&self) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, SystemOperationError> {
+        Err(unavailable_system())
+    }
+
+    async fn restart(&self) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, SystemOperationError> {
+        Err(unavailable_system())
+    }
+}
@@ -135,6 +135,35 @@ fn local_provider_capacity_exhaustion_should_map_to_service_unavailable() {
    );
 }

+#[test]
+fn local_provider_capacity_exhaustion_should_preserve_safe_provider_detail() {
+    let detail = ClientVisibleUpstreamError::new(
+        "no account is eligible for the requested model",
+        Some("no_eligible_account".to_owned()),
+        Some("account_unavailable_error".to_owned()),
+    );
+    let error = EngineError::Provider(
+        ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::Unavailable, UpstreamSendState::NotSent)
+            .with_client_visible_upstream_error(detail),
+    );
+    let gateway = gateway_error_from_engine(&error);
+
+    assert_eq!(gateway.kind(), GatewayErrorKind::NoAvailableProvider);
+    assert_eq!(
+        gateway.client_message(),
+        "no account is eligible for the requested model"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(gateway.client_error_code(), Some("no_eligible_account"));
+    assert_eq!(
+        gateway.client_error_type(),
+        Some("account_unavailable_error")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        gateway.safe_message(),
+        "no upstream provider is currently available for this request"
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn no_eligible_provider_account_should_map_to_service_unavailable() {
    let error = EngineError::Provider(ProviderError::new(
@@ -297,14 +326,11 @@ fn openai_error_response_should_preserve_only_safe_contract_fields() {
 async fn gateway_error_response_should_expose_only_structured_client_visible_upstream_fields() {
    let error = GatewayError::from_provider(
        &ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::QuotaExhausted, UpstreamSendState::Sent)
-            .with_client_visible_upstream_error(
-                ClientVisibleUpstreamError::new(
-                    "Your Codex quota is exhausted",
-                    Some("quota_exhausted".to_owned()),
-                    Some("rate_limit_error".to_owned()),
-                )
-                .expect("safe structured upstream error"),
-            ),
+            .with_client_visible_upstream_error(ClientVisibleUpstreamError::new(
+                "Your Codex quota is exhausted",
+                Some("quota_exhausted".to_owned()),
+                Some("rate_limit_error".to_owned()),
+            )),
    );

    let response = gateway_error_response(&error);
@@ -39,11 +39,18 @@ use gateway_core::routing::{
 };

 pub(super) async fn api_router(execution: Arc<dyn ExecutionService>) -> axum::Router {
+    api_router_with_origins(execution, Vec::new()).await
+}
+
+pub(super) async fn api_router_with_origins(
+    execution: Arc<dyn ExecutionService>,
+    cors_allowed_origins: Vec<String>,
+) -> axum::Router {
    let admin = crate::admin::AdminTestFixture::new().await;
    gateway_api::initialize(
        gateway_api::ApiConfig {
            asset_directory: std::env::temp_dir(),
-            cors_allowed_origins: Vec::new(),
+            cors_allowed_origins,
            request_timeout_seconds: None,
            request_id_header: "x-request-id".to_owned(),
        },
@@ -10,19 +10,30 @@ use gateway_core::engine::execution::{
    StartedExecution,
 };
 use gateway_core::error::{GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind};
-use gateway_core::routing::PublicModelId;
+use gateway_core::routing::{
+    ModelPresentation, ModelServiceTier, PublicModelId, PublicModelProfile,
+};
 use tower::ServiceExt;

 use super::{api_router, authenticated_client};

-struct ModelsExecution {
+pub(super) struct ModelsExecution {
    client: AuthenticatedClient,
+    profiles: bool,
 }

 impl ModelsExecution {
-    fn new() -> Arc<Self> {
+    pub(super) fn new() -> Arc<Self> {
        Arc::new(Self {
            client: authenticated_client("sk_models_test"),
+            profiles: false,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn with_profiles() -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::new(Self {
+            client: authenticated_client("sk_models_test"),
+            profiles: true,
        })
    }
 }
@@ -46,6 +57,36 @@ impl ExecutionService for ModelsExecution {
            .collect()
    }

+    fn public_model_profiles(&self, _: &AuthenticatedClient) -> Vec<PublicModelProfile> {
+        if !self.profiles {
+            return Vec::new();
+        }
+        vec![PublicModelProfile::new(
+            PublicModelId::new("grok-4.5").expect("model"),
+            ModelPresentation::new(
+                Some("Grok 4.5".to_owned()),
+                Some("xAI Grok 4.5 frontier model.".to_owned()),
+            )
+            .with_reasoning(
+                Some("medium".to_owned()),
+                ["low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"]
+                    .map(str::to_owned)
+                    .to_vec(),
+            )
+            .with_context_window_tokens(Some(500_000))
+            .with_image_input(true)
+            .with_agent_tools(true, true)
+            .with_service_tiers(vec![
+                ModelServiceTier::new(
+                    "priority",
+                    "Fast",
+                    "Route the request through Codex fast mode.",
+                )
+                .with_speed_tier("fast"),
+            ]),
+        )]
+    }
+
    fn contains_public_model(&self, _: &AuthenticatedClient, model: &PublicModelId) -> bool {
        matches!(model.as_str(), "model-a" | "model-b")
    }
@@ -91,6 +132,100 @@ async fn models_should_encode_the_service_visible_catalog() {
    );
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn models_should_encode_provider_profiles_for_current_codex_clients() {
+    let response = api_router(ModelsExecution::with_profiles())
+        .await
+        .oneshot(authorized_request("/v1/models?client_version=0.145.0"))
+        .await
+        .expect("list Codex models response");
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), usize::MAX)
+        .await
+        .expect("read Codex models body");
+    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("models JSON");
+    let model = &value["models"][0];
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        value
+            .as_object()
+            .map(|catalog| catalog.keys().map(String::as_str).collect::<Vec<_>>()),
+        Some(vec!["models"])
+    );
+    assert_eq!(model["slug"], "grok-4.5");
+    assert_eq!(model["default_reasoning_level"], "medium");
+    assert_eq!(model["context_window"], 500_000);
+    assert_eq!(model["apply_patch_tool_type"], "freeform");
+    assert_eq!(model["additional_speed_tiers"], serde_json::json!(["fast"]));
+    assert_eq!(
+        model["service_tiers"],
+        serde_json::json!([{
+            "id": "priority",
+            "name": "Fast",
+            "description": "Route the request through Codex fast mode."
+        }])
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        model["supported_reasoning_levels"],
+        serde_json::json!([
+            {
+                "effort": "low",
+                "description": "Fast responses with lighter reasoning"
+            },
+            {
+                "effort": "medium",
+                "description": "Balances speed and reasoning depth for everyday tasks"
+            },
+            {
+                "effort": "high",
+                "description": "Greater reasoning depth for complex problems"
+            },
+            {
+                "effort": "xhigh",
+                "description": "Extra high reasoning depth for complex problems"
+            }
+        ])
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn models_should_keep_the_codex_contract_when_profiles_are_empty() {
+    let response = api_router(ModelsExecution::new())
+        .await
+        .oneshot(authorized_request("/v1/models?client_version=0.145.0"))
+        .await
+        .expect("list empty Codex models response");
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), usize::MAX)
+        .await
+        .expect("read empty Codex models body");
+    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("Codex models JSON");
+
+    assert_eq!(value, serde_json::json!({ "models": [] }));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn models_with_provider_profiles_should_keep_the_openai_list_contract() {
+    let response = api_router(ModelsExecution::with_profiles())
+        .await
+        .oneshot(authorized_request("/v1/models"))
+        .await
+        .expect("list compatible models response");
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), usize::MAX)
+        .await
+        .expect("read compatible models body");
+    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("models JSON");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        value,
+        serde_json::json!({
+            "object": "list",
+            "data": [
+                {"id":"model-a","object":"model","created":1700000000_i64,"owned_by":"gateway"},
+                {"id":"model-b","object":"model","created":1700000000_i64,"owned_by":"gateway"}
+            ]
+        })
+    );
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn model_detail_should_keep_the_official_path_id_contract() {
    let response = api_router(ModelsExecution::new())
@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ use std::sync::{
 use axum::{
    body::{Body, to_bytes},
    extract::connect_info::ConnectInfo,
-    http::{HeaderMap, Request, StatusCode, header::AUTHORIZATION},
+    http::{
+        HeaderMap, HeaderValue, Request, StatusCode,
+        header::{AUTHORIZATION, CONTENT_TYPE},
+    },
 };
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::future::{BoxFuture, pending};
@@ -18,8 +21,8 @@ use gateway_core::engine::execution::{
 };
 use gateway_core::engine::{CommitRequirement, CoordinatedEvent, EngineError, UpstreamSendState};
 use gateway_core::error::{
-    ClientVisibleUpstreamError, GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind, ProviderError, ProviderErrorKind,
-    SafeUpstreamValue,
+    ClientVisibleUpstreamError, ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse, GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind,
+    ProviderError, ProviderErrorKind,
 };
 use gateway_core::event::{
    ContentItem, ContentKind, GatewayEvent, ProtocolWireEvent, ProviderEvent,
@@ -101,6 +104,8 @@ struct ContextCaptureExecution {

 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 struct CapturedClientContext {
+    public_model: String,
+    wire_model: Option<String>,
    client_ip: Option<IpAddr>,
    user_agent: Option<String>,
    endpoint: String,
@@ -109,6 +114,7 @@ struct CapturedClientContext {
    client_metadata: Option<Value>,
    protocol_context: Option<Value>,
    prompt_cache_key: Option<String>,
+    previous_response_id: Option<String>,
 }

 impl ExecutionService for ContextCaptureExecution {
@@ -124,11 +130,14 @@ impl ExecutionService for ContextCaptureExecution {
    }

    fn public_models(&self, _: &AuthenticatedClient) -> Vec<PublicModelId> {
-        Vec::new()
+        ["model-a", "model-b"]
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|model| PublicModelId::new(model).expect("catalog model"))
+            .collect()
    }

-    fn contains_public_model(&self, _: &AuthenticatedClient, _: &PublicModelId) -> bool {
-        true
+    fn contains_public_model(&self, _: &AuthenticatedClient, model: &PublicModelId) -> bool {
+        matches!(model.as_str(), "model-a" | "model-b")
    }

    fn start(
@@ -136,11 +145,16 @@ impl ExecutionService for ContextCaptureExecution {
        request: StartExecution,
    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<StartedExecution, GatewayError>> {
        Box::pin(async move {
+            let public_model = request.public_model.as_str().to_owned();
            let operation_kind = request.operation.kind();
            let generation = match &request.operation {
                Operation::Generate(generation) => Some(generation),
                _ => None,
            };
+            let wire_model = generation
+                .and_then(|generation| generation.protocol_payload().body().get("model"))
+                .and_then(Value::as_str)
+                .map(ToOwned::to_owned);
            let (client_metadata, protocol_context, prompt_cache_key, input) =
                generation.map_or((None, None, None, None), |generation| {
                    let payload = generation.protocol_payload();
@@ -152,7 +166,14 @@ impl ExecutionService for ContextCaptureExecution {
                        payload.body().get("input").cloned(),
                    )
                });
+            let previous_response_id = request
+                .metadata
+                .previous_response_id
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|value| value.as_str().to_owned());
            *self.observed.lock().expect("context capture lock") = Some(CapturedClientContext {
+                public_model,
+                wire_model,
                client_ip: request.metadata.client_ip,
                user_agent: request.metadata.user_agent,
                endpoint: request.metadata.endpoint,
@@ -161,6 +182,7 @@ impl ExecutionService for ContextCaptureExecution {
                client_metadata,
                protocol_context,
                prompt_cache_key,
+                previous_response_id,
            });
            Err(GatewayError::new(
                GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
@@ -503,14 +525,19 @@ async fn request_context_should_resolve_forwarded_precedence_and_peer_fallback()
    assert_eq!(
        captured_client_context(headers, peer).await,
        CapturedClientContext {
+            public_model: "smart-code".to_owned(),
+            wire_model: Some("smart-code".to_owned()),
            client_ip: Some("198.51.100.1".parse().expect("expected IP")),
            user_agent: Some("Codex-CLI/1.0".to_owned()),
            endpoint: "/v1/responses".to_owned(),
            operation_kind: OperationKind::Generate,
            input: Some(json!("hello")),
            client_metadata: None,
-            protocol_context: None,
+            protocol_context: Some(json!({
+                "opaque_request_headers": [["user-agent", "IENvZGV4LUNMSS8xLjAg"]]
+            })),
            prompt_cache_key: None,
+            previous_response_id: None,
        }
    );

@@ -533,14 +560,58 @@ async fn request_context_should_resolve_forwarded_precedence_and_peer_fallback()
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn http_request_should_forward_safe_codex_headers_without_projecting_xai_headers() {
+async fn stale_model_catalog_should_not_block_a_new_model_request() {
+    let model = "  gpt-future-codex  ";
+    let captured = captured_http_request(
+        "openai",
+        json!({"model": model, "input": "hello"}),
+        HeaderMap::new(),
+        None,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(captured.public_model, model);
+    assert_eq!(captured.wire_model.as_deref(), Some(model));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn http_request_should_pass_opaque_previous_response_id_to_core() {
+    for response_id in [
+        format!("resp_{}", "x".repeat(257)),
+        "resp_control\0opaque".to_owned(),
+        String::new(),
+    ] {
+        let captured = captured_http_request(
+            "openai",
+            json!({
+                "model": "smart-code",
+                "input": "continue",
+                "previous_response_id": response_id.clone()
+            }),
+            HeaderMap::new(),
+            None,
+        )
+        .await;
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            captured.previous_response_id.as_deref(),
+            Some(response_id.as_str())
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn http_request_should_forward_codex_headers_without_projecting_xai_headers() {
    let peer = "192.0.2.10:443".parse().expect("peer address");
    let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
    headers.insert("x-codex-turn-state", "turn-state".parse().expect("header"));
    headers.insert("conversation-id", "conversation-1".parse().expect("header"));
    headers.insert("session-id", "session-1".parse().expect("header"));
    headers.insert("x-grok-turn-idx", "7".parse().expect("header"));
-    headers.insert("x-openai-subagent", "compact".parse().expect("header"));
+    headers.insert(
+        "x-openai-subagent",
+        "future_codex_mode".parse().expect("header"),
+    );
    headers.insert(
        "x-openai-internal-codex-responses-lite",
        "true".parse().expect("header"),
@@ -566,10 +637,33 @@ async fn http_request_should_forward_safe_codex_headers_without_projecting_xai_h
            .client_metadata
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|metadata| metadata.get("x-openai-subagent")),
-        Some(&json!("compact"))
+        Some(&json!("future_codex_mode"))
    );
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn subagent_header_should_not_replace_non_object_client_metadata() {
+    let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+    headers.insert(
+        "x-openai-subagent",
+        "future_codex_mode".parse().expect("header"),
+    );
+
+    let captured = captured_http_request(
+        "openai",
+        json!({
+            "model": "smart-code",
+            "input": "preserve metadata",
+            "client_metadata": "opaque-client-value"
+        }),
+        headers,
+        None,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(captured.client_metadata, Some(json!("opaque-client-value")));
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn xai_private_headers_should_not_enter_openai_request_facts() {
    let peer = "192.0.2.10:443".parse().expect("peer address");
@@ -632,6 +726,43 @@ async fn review_route_should_inject_review_subagent_and_record_its_endpoint() {
    );
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn review_route_should_not_replace_non_object_client_metadata() {
+    let observed = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
+    let execution = Arc::new(ContextCaptureExecution {
+        observed: Arc::clone(&observed),
+        client: authenticated_client("sk_context_test"),
+    });
+    let request = Request::post("/v1/responses/review")
+        .header(AUTHORIZATION, "Bearer sk_context_test")
+        .body(Body::from(
+            json!({
+                "model": "smart-code",
+                "input": "review this",
+                "client_metadata": ["opaque", "client", "value"]
+            })
+            .to_string(),
+        ))
+        .expect("review request");
+
+    let response = api_router(execution)
+        .await
+        .oneshot(request)
+        .await
+        .expect("review response");
+    let captured = observed
+        .lock()
+        .expect("review capture lock")
+        .clone()
+        .expect("captured review request");
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
+    assert_eq!(
+        captured.client_metadata,
+        Some(json!(["opaque", "client", "value"]))
+    );
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn streaming_encodes_first_frame_before_commit_and_http_delivery() {
    let trace = Arc::new(Trace::default());
@@ -653,19 +784,22 @@ async fn streaming_encodes_first_frame_before_commit_and_http_delivery() {
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn streaming_response_forwards_only_allowlisted_provider_headers() {
+async fn streaming_response_should_append_ordinary_headers_and_skip_unrepresentable_or_sensitive_ones()
+ {
    let trace = Arc::new(Trace::default());
    let headers = vec![
-        ProviderResponseHeader::new(
-            "x-models-etag",
-            SafeUpstreamValue::new("models-v2").expect("etag"),
-        )
-        .expect("safe header"),
+        ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-models-etag", Bytes::from_static(b"models-v2")),
+        ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-future-multi", Bytes::from_static(b"first")),
+        ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-future-multi", Bytes::from_static(b"second")),
+        ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-future-bytes", Bytes::from_static(b"\xffopaque")),
        ProviderResponseHeader::new(
            "authorization",
-            SafeUpstreamValue::new("should-not-cross-boundary").expect("header value"),
-        )
-        .expect("syntactically safe header"),
+            Bytes::from_static(b"should-not-cross-boundary"),
+        ),
+        ProviderResponseHeader::new("connection", Bytes::from_static(b"x-hop-secret")),
+        ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-hop-secret", Bytes::from_static(b"hop-secret")),
+        ProviderResponseHeader::new("content-type", Bytes::from_static(b"application/private")),
+        ProviderResponseHeader::new("bad\0name", Bytes::from_static(b"unrepresentable")),
    ];
    let session = FakeSession::streaming(
        Arc::clone(&trace),
@@ -685,7 +819,29 @@ async fn streaming_response_forwards_only_allowlisted_provider_headers() {
            .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok()),
        Some("models-v2")
    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        response
+            .headers()
+            .get_all("x-future-multi")
+            .iter()
+            .map(HeaderValue::as_bytes)
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        vec![b"first".as_slice(), b"second".as_slice()]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        response
+            .headers()
+            .get("x-future-bytes")
+            .map(HeaderValue::as_bytes),
+        Some(b"\xffopaque".as_slice())
+    );
    assert!(response.headers().get("authorization").is_none());
+    assert!(response.headers().get("connection").is_none());
+    assert!(response.headers().get("x-hop-secret").is_none());
+    assert_eq!(
+        response.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE),
+        Some(&HeaderValue::from_static("text/event-stream"))
+    );
    std::mem::forget(response);
 }

@@ -801,7 +957,107 @@ async fn streaming_rate_limit_before_first_frame_should_persist_the_returned_429
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn streaming_postcommit_encode_failure_cancels_without_second_commit() {
+async fn streaming_upstream_http_failure_before_first_frame_should_preserve_raw_response() {
+    let trace = Arc::new(Trace::default());
+    let raw_body = Bytes::from_static(
+        b"{\"error\":{\"message\":\"rate limited\",\"future_field\":{\"kept\":true}},\"top_level\":17}\x00",
+    );
+    let error = ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::RateLimited, UpstreamSendState::Sent)
+        .with_client_visible_upstream_response(
+            ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse::new(
+                429,
+                Some(b"application/problem+json; charset=utf-8".to_vec()),
+                raw_body.clone(),
+            )
+            .with_headers(vec![
+                ProviderResponseHeader::new("retry-after", Bytes::from_static(b"17")),
+                ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-request-id", Bytes::from_static(b"req-failure")),
+                ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-future-error", Bytes::from_static(b"first")),
+                ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-future-error", Bytes::from_static(b"second")),
+                ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-future-bytes", Bytes::from_static(b"\xffopaque")),
+            ]),
+        );
+    let session = FakeSession::streaming(
+        Arc::clone(&trace),
+        vec![NextStep::Error(EngineError::Provider(error))],
+    );
+
+    let response = stream_execution_response(Box::new(session), None).await;
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS);
+    assert_eq!(
+        response
+            .headers()
+            .get(CONTENT_TYPE)
+            .map(|value| value.as_bytes()),
+        Some(b"application/problem+json; charset=utf-8".as_slice())
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        response
+            .headers()
+            .get("retry-after")
+            .map(|value| value.as_bytes()),
+        Some(b"17".as_slice())
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        response
+            .headers()
+            .get("x-request-id")
+            .map(|value| value.as_bytes()),
+        Some(b"req-failure".as_slice())
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        response
+            .headers()
+            .get_all("x-future-error")
+            .iter()
+            .map(|value| value.as_bytes())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        vec![b"first".as_slice(), b"second".as_slice()]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        response
+            .headers()
+            .get("x-future-bytes")
+            .map(|value| value.as_bytes()),
+        Some(b"\xffopaque".as_slice())
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        to_bytes(response.into_body(), usize::MAX)
+            .await
+            .expect("read raw error body"),
+        raw_body
+    );
+    assert_eq!(trace.client_statuses(), vec![429]);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn buffered_upstream_http_failure_should_preserve_raw_response() {
+    let trace = Arc::new(Trace::default());
+    let raw_body = Bytes::from_static(b"not-json\xffstill-upstream");
+    let error = ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::Unavailable, UpstreamSendState::Sent)
+        .with_client_visible_upstream_response(ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse::new(
+            503,
+            Some(b"application/octet-stream".to_vec()),
+            raw_body.clone(),
+        ));
+    let session = FakeSession::buffered(Arc::clone(&trace), vec![started(), completed()])
+        .with_collect_error(EngineError::Provider(error));
+
+    let response = collect_execution_response(Box::new(session)).await;
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE);
+    assert_eq!(
+        to_bytes(response.into_body(), usize::MAX)
+            .await
+            .expect("read raw error body"),
+        raw_body
+    );
+    assert_eq!(trace.client_statuses(), vec![503]);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn streaming_canonical_identity_change_does_not_interrupt_wire_delivery() {
    let trace = Arc::new(Trace::default());
    let session = FakeSession::streaming(
        Arc::clone(&trace),
@@ -811,7 +1067,7 @@ async fn streaming_postcommit_encode_failure_cancels_without_second_commit() {
                mismatched_terminal_event(),
                CommitRequirement::AlreadyCommitted,
            )),
-            NextStep::FinalizeCancelled,
+            NextStep::FinalizeSuccess,
        ],
    );

@@ -820,12 +1076,16 @@ async fn streaming_postcommit_encode_failure_cancels_without_second_commit() {
        .await
        .expect("read SSE body");

-    assert!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&body).contains("response.failed"));
+    let body = String::from_utf8_lossy(&body);
+    assert!(body.contains("response.completed"));
+    assert!(body.contains("resp_other"));
+    assert!(!body.contains("response.failed"));
+    assert!(body.ends_with("data: [DONE]\n\n"));
    assert_eq!(trace.client_statuses(), vec![200]);
-    assert!(trace.is_cancelled());
+    assert!(!trace.is_cancelled());
    assert_eq!(
        trace.snapshot(),
-        vec!["next_event", "commit", "next_event", "cancel_finalize"]
+        vec!["next_event", "commit", "next_event", "next_end"]
    );
 }

@@ -874,6 +1134,38 @@ async fn streaming_success_should_emit_terminal_event_and_done_marker() {
    );
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn streaming_finalized_unknown_wire_should_end_cleanly_without_synthetic_failure() {
+    let trace = Arc::new(Trace::default());
+    let raw = Bytes::from_static(
+        b"event: response.future_terminal\ndata: {\"type\":\"response.future_terminal\",\"opaque\":true}\n\n",
+    );
+    let event = ProviderEvent::wire(
+        ProtocolWireEvent::raw_sse("openai", raw.clone()).expect("raw future event"),
+    );
+    let session = FakeSession::streaming(
+        Arc::clone(&trace),
+        vec![
+            NextStep::Event(delivery_provider(
+                event,
+                CommitRequirement::CommitBeforeDelivery,
+            )),
+            NextStep::FinalizeSuccess,
+        ],
+    );
+
+    let response = stream_execution_response(Box::new(session), None).await;
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), usize::MAX)
+        .await
+        .expect("read transparent SSE body");
+
+    assert!(body.as_ref().starts_with(raw.as_ref()));
+    assert!(body.as_ref().ends_with(b"data: [DONE]\n\n"));
+    assert!(!String::from_utf8_lossy(&body).contains("response.failed"));
+    assert!(!trace.is_cancelled());
+    assert_eq!(trace.snapshot(), vec!["next_event", "commit", "next_end"]);
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn streaming_completed_event_without_finalized_execution_should_fail_closed() {
    let trace = Arc::new(Trace::default());
@@ -942,14 +1234,11 @@ async fn streaming_empty_terminal_should_emit_failure_done_and_cancel_execution(
 async fn streaming_error_should_emit_client_visible_upstream_details() {
    let trace = Arc::new(Trace::default());
    let error = ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::RateLimited, UpstreamSendState::Sent)
-        .with_client_visible_upstream_error(
-            ClientVisibleUpstreamError::new(
-                "Your Codex quota is exhausted",
-                Some("quota_exhausted".to_owned()),
-                Some("rate_limit_error".to_owned()),
-            )
-            .expect("safe structured upstream error"),
-        );
+        .with_client_visible_upstream_error(ClientVisibleUpstreamError::new(
+            "Your Codex quota is exhausted",
+            Some("quota_exhausted".to_owned()),
+            Some("rate_limit_error".to_owned()),
+        ));
    let session = FakeSession::streaming(
        Arc::clone(&trace),
        vec![
@@ -1055,6 +1344,86 @@ async fn streaming_upstream_wire_failure_should_not_be_rewritten_as_a_gateway_er
    );
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn atomic_uncommitted_upstream_failure_batch_should_be_forwarded_once() {
+    let trace = Arc::new(Trace::default());
+    let raw_created = Bytes::from_static(
+        b"event: response.created\r\ndata: {\"type\":\"response.created\",\"response\":{\"id\":\"resp_atomic_api\",\"model\":\"public-model\",\"status\":\"in_progress\"}}\r\n\r\n",
+    );
+    let raw_failure = Bytes::from_static(
+        b"event: response.failed\r\ndata: {\"type\":\"response.failed\",\"response\":{\"id\":\"resp_atomic_api\",\"status\":\"failed\",\"error\":{\"code\":\"rate_limit_exceeded\",\"message\":\"atomic upstream marker\"}}}\r\n\r\n",
+    );
+    let started_wire = ProviderEvent::canonical_with_wire(
+        vec![started()],
+        ProtocolWireEvent::json_with_raw_sse_metadata(
+            "openai",
+            Some("response.created".to_owned()),
+            json!({
+                "type": "response.created",
+                "response": {
+                    "id": "resp_atomic_api",
+                    "model": "public-model",
+                    "status": "in_progress"
+                }
+            }),
+            raw_created.clone(),
+            None,
+            None,
+        )
+        .expect("valid upstream started wire"),
+    );
+    let failed_wire = ProviderEvent::wire(
+        ProtocolWireEvent::json_with_raw_sse_metadata(
+            "openai",
+            Some("response.failed".to_owned()),
+            json!({
+                "type": "response.failed",
+                "response": {
+                    "id": "resp_atomic_api",
+                    "status": "failed",
+                    "error": {
+                        "code": "rate_limit_exceeded",
+                        "message": "atomic upstream marker"
+                    }
+                }
+            }),
+            raw_failure.clone(),
+            None,
+            None,
+        )
+        .expect("valid upstream failure wire"),
+    );
+    let batch = CoordinatedEvent::try_batch(
+        vec![started_wire, failed_wire],
+        CommitRequirement::CommitBeforeDelivery,
+    )
+    .expect("atomic failure delivery");
+    let session = FakeSession::streaming(
+        Arc::clone(&trace),
+        vec![
+            NextStep::Event(batch),
+            NextStep::Error(EngineError::Provider(ProviderError::new(
+                ProviderErrorKind::RateLimited,
+                UpstreamSendState::Sent,
+            ))),
+        ],
+    );
+
+    let response = stream_execution_response(Box::new(session), None).await;
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), usize::MAX)
+        .await
+        .expect("read SSE body");
+    let body = String::from_utf8(body.to_vec()).expect("SSE is UTF-8");
+
+    assert_eq!(body.matches("atomic upstream marker").count(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(body.matches("event: response.failed").count(), 1);
+    assert!(body.contains(std::str::from_utf8(&raw_created).expect("created frame")));
+    assert!(body.contains(std::str::from_utf8(&raw_failure).expect("failure frame")));
+    assert!(!body.contains("upstream capacity is temporarily unavailable"));
+    assert!(body.ends_with("data: [DONE]\n\n"));
+    assert_eq!(trace.snapshot(), vec!["next_event", "commit", "next_error"]);
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn streaming_second_commit_request_should_fail_and_finalize_once() {
    let trace = Arc::new(Trace::default());
@@ -1132,13 +1501,10 @@ async fn buffered_response_commits_only_after_complete_json_is_encoded() {
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn buffered_response_forwards_allowlisted_provider_headers() {
+async fn buffered_response_forwards_long_ordinary_provider_header_values() {
    let trace = Arc::new(Trace::default());
-    let header = ProviderResponseHeader::new(
-        "openai-model",
-        SafeUpstreamValue::new("gpt-5.5-effective").expect("model header"),
-    )
-    .expect("safe header");
+    let model = format!("gpt-{}", "x".repeat(512));
+    let header = ProviderResponseHeader::new("openai-model", Bytes::from(model.clone()));
    let session = FakeSession::buffered(Arc::clone(&trace), vec![started(), completed()])
        .with_response_headers(vec![header]);

@@ -1149,7 +1515,7 @@ async fn buffered_response_forwards_allowlisted_provider_headers() {
            .headers()
            .get("openai-model")
            .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok()),
-        Some("gpt-5.5-effective")
+        Some(model.as_str())
    );
 }

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ mod http;
 mod websocket;

 use axum::http::{HeaderMap, HeaderValue};
+use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::STANDARD};
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use gateway_api::openai::responses::{
    ContinuationIntent, DecodedResponsesRequest, OpenAiRequestHeaders, OpenAiResponsesEncoder,
@@ -117,6 +118,28 @@ fn decoder_should_preserve_the_openai_body_and_only_derive_stable_routing_facts(
    assert!(decoded.metadata().store());
 }

+#[test]
+fn decoder_should_preserve_opaque_client_model_values() {
+    for model in [
+        format!("future-{}", "x".repeat(512)),
+        "future\0model".to_owned(),
+        "  future-model  ".to_owned(),
+    ] {
+        let decoded = generate_request(json!({
+            "model": model.clone(),
+            "input": "hello"
+        }));
+
+        assert_eq!(decoded.metadata().public_model(), model);
+        assert_eq!(
+            openai_wire_body(&decoded)
+                .get("model")
+                .and_then(Value::as_str),
+            Some(model.as_str())
+        );
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn decoder_should_preserve_compaction_trigger_for_the_openai_provider() {
    let decoded = generate_request(json!({
@@ -149,6 +172,21 @@ fn decoder_should_keep_transport_override_out_of_the_openai_wire_body() {
    );
 }

+#[test]
+fn decoder_should_preserve_unrecognized_use_websocket_values() {
+    let decoded = generate_request(json!({
+        "model": "smart-code",
+        "input": "hello",
+        "use_websocket": {"future": "transport-mode"}
+    }));
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        openai_wire_body(&decoded).get("use_websocket"),
+        Some(&json!({"future": "transport-mode"}))
+    );
+    assert!(!openai_protocol_context(&decoded).contains_key("use_websocket"));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn decoder_should_preserve_connection_metadata_outside_the_openai_wire_body() {
    let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
@@ -170,10 +208,142 @@ fn decoder_should_preserve_connection_metadata_outside_the_openai_wire_body() {
            ("turn_state".to_owned(), json!("turn-state")),
            ("turn_metadata".to_owned(), json!("{\"kind\":\"review\"}")),
            ("conversation_id".to_owned(), json!("conversation")),
+            (
+                "opaque_request_headers".to_owned(),
+                json!([
+                    ["x-codex-turn-state", STANDARD.encode(b"turn-state")],
+                    [
+                        "x-codex-turn-metadata",
+                        STANDARD.encode(br#"{"kind":"review"}"#)
+                    ],
+                    ["conversation-id", STANDARD.encode(b"conversation")]
+                ]),
+            ),
        ])
    );
 }

+#[test]
+fn decoder_should_preserve_ordinary_request_headers_as_opaque_multivalues() {
+    let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+    headers.append(
+        "x-openai-future-mode",
+        HeaderValue::from_static("future-ascii"),
+    );
+    headers.append(
+        "x-openai-future-mode",
+        HeaderValue::from_bytes(b"\x80\xff").expect("opaque header bytes"),
+    );
+    headers.append("version", HeaderValue::from_static("future-v1"));
+    headers.append(
+        "version",
+        HeaderValue::from_bytes(b"future-\x80").expect("opaque known header bytes"),
+    );
+    headers.insert(
+        "accept",
+        HeaderValue::from_static("application/vnd.openai.responses+json"),
+    );
+    headers.insert(
+        "content-type",
+        HeaderValue::from_static("application/vnd.openai.responses.request+json"),
+    );
+    headers.insert(
+        "user-agent",
+        HeaderValue::from_static("Codex future-client"),
+    );
+    headers.insert("originator", HeaderValue::from_static("future-codex"));
+    headers.append(
+        "openai-beta",
+        HeaderValue::from_static("future_responses=v2"),
+    );
+    headers.append("openai-beta", HeaderValue::from_static("future_tools=v3"));
+    headers.insert(
+        "x-openai-internal-codex-residency",
+        HeaderValue::from_static("future-region"),
+    );
+    headers.insert(
+        "x-codex-turn-state",
+        HeaderValue::from_static("same-account-turn"),
+    );
+
+    headers.insert(
+        "connection",
+        HeaderValue::from_static("keep-alive, x-private-hop"),
+    );
+    headers.insert("x-private-hop", HeaderValue::from_static("drop-me"));
+    headers.insert("host", HeaderValue::from_static("downstream.invalid"));
+    headers.insert("content-length", HeaderValue::from_static("999"));
+    headers.insert("authorization", HeaderValue::from_static("Bearer client"));
+    headers.insert("x-api-key", HeaderValue::from_static("client-key"));
+    headers.insert("cookie", HeaderValue::from_static("client=cookie"));
+    headers.insert(
+        "chatgpt-account-id",
+        HeaderValue::from_static("client-account"),
+    );
+    headers.insert(
+        "chatgpt-project-id",
+        HeaderValue::from_static("client-project"),
+    );
+    headers.insert(
+        "x-codex-installation-id",
+        HeaderValue::from_static("client-installation"),
+    );
+
+    let decoded =
+        decode_request_with_headers(br#"{"model":"smart-code","input":"hello"}"#, &headers)
+            .expect("opaque request headers should not affect body decoding");
+    let entries = openai_protocol_context(&decoded)
+        .get("opaque_request_headers")
+        .and_then(Value::as_array)
+        .expect("opaque request header context");
+    let values = |target: &str| {
+        entries
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(Value::as_array)
+            .filter(|entry| entry.first().and_then(Value::as_str) == Some(target))
+            .filter_map(|entry| entry.get(1).and_then(Value::as_str))
+            .map(|encoded| STANDARD.decode(encoded).expect("valid base64 header value"))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+    };
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        values("x-openai-future-mode"),
+        vec![b"future-ascii".to_vec(), b"\x80\xff".to_vec()]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        values("version"),
+        vec![b"future-v1".to_vec(), b"future-\x80".to_vec()]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        values("openai-beta"),
+        vec![b"future_responses=v2".to_vec(), b"future_tools=v3".to_vec()]
+    );
+    for preserved in [
+        "accept",
+        "content-type",
+        "user-agent",
+        "originator",
+        "x-openai-internal-codex-residency",
+        "x-codex-turn-state",
+    ] {
+        assert_eq!(values(preserved).len(), 1, "missing {preserved}");
+    }
+    for excluded in [
+        "connection",
+        "x-private-hop",
+        "host",
+        "content-length",
+        "authorization",
+        "x-api-key",
+        "cookie",
+        "chatgpt-account-id",
+        "chatgpt-project-id",
+        "x-codex-installation-id",
+    ] {
+        assert!(values(excluded).is_empty(), "unexpected {excluded}");
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn decoder_should_preserve_unknown_nested_values_without_debug_disclosure() {
    let secret = "nested-private-value";
@@ -191,25 +361,51 @@ fn decoder_should_preserve_unknown_nested_values_without_debug_disclosure() {
 }

 #[test]
-fn decoder_should_preserve_continuation_and_mark_the_routing_requirement() {
-    let decoded = generate_request(json!({
-        "model": "smart-code",
-        "input": "continue",
-        "previous_response_id": "resp_private_continuation"
-    }));
+fn decoder_should_preserve_unknown_arbitrary_precision_numbers() {
+    let number = "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890";
+    let body = format!(r#"{{"model":"smart-code","input":"hello","future_number":{number}}}"#);

-    assert!(matches!(
-        decoded.metadata().continuation(),
-        ContinuationIntent::PreviousResponseId(value) if value == "resp_private_continuation"
-    ));
-    assert!(
-        decoded
-            .operation()
-            .capability_requirements()
-            .features()
-            .contains(&Feature::NativeContinuation)
-    );
-    assert!(!format!("{decoded:?}").contains("resp_private_continuation"));
+    let decoded = decode_request_with_headers(body.as_bytes(), &HeaderMap::new())
+        .expect("opaque numeric field should decode");
+    let encoded = serde_json::to_string(openai_wire_body(&decoded)).expect("encode request body");
+
+    assert!(encoded.contains(&format!(r#""future_number":{number}"#)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn decoder_should_preserve_opaque_continuation_and_mark_the_routing_requirement() {
+    for response_id in [
+        "resp_private_continuation".to_owned(),
+        format!("resp_{}\0opaque", "x".repeat(257)),
+        String::new(),
+    ] {
+        let decoded = generate_request(json!({
+            "model": "smart-code",
+            "input": "continue",
+            "previous_response_id": response_id.clone()
+        }));
+
+        assert!(matches!(
+            decoded.metadata().continuation(),
+            ContinuationIntent::PreviousResponseId(value) if value == &response_id
+        ));
+        assert_eq!(
+            openai_wire_body(&decoded)
+                .get("previous_response_id")
+                .and_then(Value::as_str),
+            Some(response_id.as_str())
+        );
+        assert!(
+            decoded
+                .operation()
+                .capability_requirements()
+                .features()
+                .contains(&Feature::NativeContinuation)
+        );
+        if !response_id.is_empty() {
+            assert!(!format!("{decoded:?}").contains(&response_id));
+        }
+    }
 }

 #[test]
@@ -316,7 +512,7 @@ fn transparent_encoder_should_forward_raw_sse_frames_unknown_events_and_terminal
    let mut encoder = OpenAiResponsesEncoder::new();
    let frames = events
        .iter()
-        .flat_map(|event| encoder.push_sse(event).expect("wire event should encode"))
+        .flat_map(|event| encoder.push_sse(event))
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    let response = encoder.finish().expect("wire response should finish");
    let body = frames
@@ -370,15 +566,11 @@ fn transparent_encoder_should_use_identical_json_for_sse_and_websocket() {

    let sse = events
        .iter()
-        .flat_map(|event| sse_encoder.push_sse(event).expect("SSE wire event"))
+        .flat_map(|event| sse_encoder.push_sse(event))
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    let websocket = events
        .iter()
-        .flat_map(|event| {
-            websocket_encoder
-                .push_websocket(event)
-                .expect("WebSocket wire event")
-        })
+        .flat_map(|event| websocket_encoder.push_websocket(event))
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    let sse_text = String::from_utf8(
        sse.iter()
@@ -400,8 +592,40 @@ fn transparent_encoder_should_use_identical_json_for_sse_and_websocket() {
 }

 #[test]
-fn transparent_encoder_should_require_matching_canonical_and_wire_terminals() {
+fn transparent_encoder_should_follow_wire_when_canonical_identity_changes() {
    let mut encoder = OpenAiResponsesEncoder::new();
+    let started = openai_wire_event(
+        vec![GatewayEvent::Started(ResponseMeta::new(
+            "resp_1", "gpt-test",
+        ))],
+        "response.created",
+        json!({"type": "response.created", "response": {"id": "wire_resp_1"}}),
+    );
+    encoder.push_sse(&started);
+    let changed_identity = openai_wire_event(
+        vec![GatewayEvent::Completed(ResponseMeta::new(
+            "resp_2", "gpt-test",
+        ))],
+        "response.completed",
+        json!({"type": "response.completed", "response": {"id": "wire_resp_2"}}),
+    );
+
+    let completed = encoder.push_sse(&changed_identity);
+
+    assert_eq!(completed.len(), 1);
+    assert!(encoder.is_completed());
+    assert_eq!(encoder.response_id(), Some("wire_resp_2"));
+    assert_eq!(
+        encoder
+            .finish()
+            .expect("wire terminal remains authoritative"),
+        json!({"id": "wire_resp_2"})
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn transparent_encoder_should_only_require_wire_terminal_for_buffered_conversion() {
+    let mut missing_terminal = OpenAiResponsesEncoder::new();
    let started = openai_wire_event(
        vec![GatewayEvent::Started(ResponseMeta::new(
            "resp_1", "gpt-test",
@@ -409,24 +633,8 @@ fn transparent_encoder_should_require_matching_canonical_and_wire_terminals() {
        "response.created",
        json!({"type": "response.created", "response": {"id": "resp_1"}}),
    );
-    encoder.push_sse(&started).expect("started event");
-    let changed_identity = openai_wire_event(
-        vec![GatewayEvent::Completed(ResponseMeta::new(
-            "resp_2", "gpt-test",
-        ))],
-        "response.completed",
-        json!({"type": "response.completed", "response": {"id": "resp_2"}}),
-    );

-    assert_eq!(
-        encoder
-            .push_sse(&changed_identity)
-            .expect_err("identity changes must fail"),
-        ResponseEncodeError::WireIdentityChanged
-    );
-
-    let mut missing_terminal = OpenAiResponsesEncoder::new();
-    missing_terminal.push_sse(&started).expect("started event");
+    missing_terminal.push_sse(&started);
    assert_eq!(
        missing_terminal
            .finish()
@@ -1,8 +1,35 @@
+use std::sync::{
+    Arc,
+    atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize, Ordering},
+};
+use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
+
+use axum::{
+    body::Body,
+    http::{Request, StatusCode, header::AUTHORIZATION},
+};
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use futures::{SinkExt, StreamExt, future::BoxFuture};
 use gateway_api::openai::responses::ResponseCreateFrameError;
+use gateway_core::engine::execution::{
+    AuthenticatedClient, ClientAuthenticationError, ExecutionService, ExecutionSession,
+    StartExecution, StartedExecution,
+};
+use gateway_core::engine::{CommitRequirement, CoordinatedEvent, EngineError, UpstreamSendState};
+use gateway_core::error::{GatewayError, ProviderError, ProviderErrorKind};
+use gateway_core::event::{
+    GatewayEvent, ProtocolWireEvent, ProviderEvent, ProviderResponseHeader, ResponseMeta,
+};
 use gateway_core::operation::Operation;
-use serde_json::json;
+use gateway_core::routing::PublicModelId;
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+use tokio_tungstenite::connect_async;
+use tokio_tungstenite::tungstenite::Message as ClientMessage;
+use tokio_tungstenite::tungstenite::client::IntoClientRequest;
+use tower::ServiceExt;

 use super::decode_response_create;
+use crate::openai::{api_router, authenticated_client, models::ModelsExecution};

 #[test]
 fn response_create_should_default_to_the_websocket_streaming_contract() {
@@ -141,3 +168,476 @@ fn response_create_should_reject_non_boolean_stream_without_disclosing_body_valu
    assert!(!rendered.contains(prompt));
    assert!(!rendered.contains(opaque_stream_value));
 }
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct AtomicFailureTrace {
+    next_calls: AtomicUsize,
+    committed: AtomicBool,
+    finalized: AtomicBool,
+}
+
+struct AtomicFailureSession {
+    trace: Arc<AtomicFailureTrace>,
+    response_headers: Vec<ProviderResponseHeader>,
+}
+
+impl ExecutionSession for AtomicFailureSession {
+    fn next_event(&mut self) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<Option<CoordinatedEvent>, EngineError>> {
+        Box::pin(async move {
+            match self.trace.next_calls.fetch_add(1, Ordering::AcqRel) {
+                0 => Ok(Some(atomic_failure_batch())),
+                1 => {
+                    self.trace.finalized.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+                    Err(EngineError::Provider(ProviderError::new(
+                        ProviderErrorKind::RateLimited,
+                        UpstreamSendState::Sent,
+                    )))
+                }
+                _ => Ok(None),
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn collect_uncommitted(&mut self) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<Vec<ProviderEvent>, EngineError>> {
+        Box::pin(async { Err(EngineError::InvalidDeliveryState) })
+    }
+
+    fn response_headers(&self) -> &[ProviderResponseHeader] {
+        &self.response_headers
+    }
+
+    fn commit_downstream(&mut self, _: Option<u16>) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<(), EngineError>> {
+        Box::pin(async move {
+            self.trace.committed.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+            Ok(())
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn record_client_status(&mut self, _: u16) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<(), EngineError>> {
+        Box::pin(async { Ok(()) })
+    }
+
+    fn is_finalized(&self) -> bool {
+        self.trace.finalized.load(Ordering::Acquire)
+    }
+
+    fn cancel(&self) {}
+
+    fn detach_finalize(self: Box<Self>) -> BoxFuture<'static, ()> {
+        Box::pin(async move {
+            self.trace.finalized.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+struct AtomicFailureExecution {
+    client: AuthenticatedClient,
+    trace: Arc<AtomicFailureTrace>,
+    response_headers: Vec<ProviderResponseHeader>,
+}
+
+impl ExecutionService for AtomicFailureExecution {
+    fn authenticate(
+        &self,
+        plaintext: &str,
+    ) -> Result<AuthenticatedClient, ClientAuthenticationError> {
+        (plaintext == "sk_ws_atomic")
+            .then(|| self.client.clone())
+            .ok_or(ClientAuthenticationError::InvalidKey)
+    }
+
+    fn public_models(&self, _: &AuthenticatedClient) -> Vec<PublicModelId> {
+        vec![PublicModelId::new("model-a").expect("public model")]
+    }
+
+    fn contains_public_model(&self, _: &AuthenticatedClient, model: &PublicModelId) -> bool {
+        model.as_str() == "model-a"
+    }
+
+    fn start(
+        &self,
+        request: StartExecution,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<StartedExecution, GatewayError>> {
+        Box::pin(async move {
+            Ok(StartedExecution {
+                request_id: gateway_core::engine::ModelRequestId::new("req_ws_atomic")
+                    .expect("request id"),
+                created_at: SystemTime::now(),
+                stream: request.metadata.stream,
+                session: Box::new(AtomicFailureSession {
+                    trace: Arc::clone(&self.trace),
+                    response_headers: self.response_headers.clone(),
+                }),
+            })
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+fn atomic_failure_batch() -> CoordinatedEvent {
+    let started = ProviderEvent::canonical_with_wire(
+        vec![GatewayEvent::Started(ResponseMeta::new(
+            "resp_ws_atomic",
+            "model-a",
+        ))],
+        ProtocolWireEvent::json(
+            "openai",
+            Some("response.created".to_owned()),
+            json!({
+                "type": "response.created",
+                "response": {
+                    "id": "resp_ws_atomic",
+                    "model": "model-a",
+                    "status": "in_progress"
+                }
+            }),
+        )
+        .expect("created wire"),
+    );
+    let failed = ProviderEvent::wire(
+        ProtocolWireEvent::json(
+            "openai",
+            Some("response.failed".to_owned()),
+            json!({
+                "type": "response.failed",
+                "response": {
+                    "id": "resp_ws_atomic",
+                    "status": "failed",
+                    "error": {
+                        "code": "rate_limit_exceeded",
+                        "message": "websocket atomic upstream marker"
+                    }
+                }
+            }),
+        )
+        .expect("failed wire"),
+    );
+    CoordinatedEvent::try_batch(
+        vec![started, failed],
+        CommitRequirement::CommitBeforeDelivery,
+    )
+    .expect("atomic WebSocket batch")
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn websocket_atomic_upstream_failure_batch_should_be_forwarded_once() {
+    let trace = Arc::new(AtomicFailureTrace::default());
+    let execution = Arc::new(AtomicFailureExecution {
+        client: authenticated_client("sk_ws_atomic"),
+        trace: Arc::clone(&trace),
+        response_headers: Vec::new(),
+    });
+    let app = api_router(execution).await;
+    let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0")
+        .await
+        .expect("bind WebSocket test server");
+    let address = listener.local_addr().expect("test server address");
+    let server = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        axum::serve(listener, app)
+            .await
+            .expect("serve WebSocket test router");
+    });
+    let mut request = format!("ws://{address}/v1/responses")
+        .into_client_request()
+        .expect("WebSocket request");
+    request.headers_mut().insert(
+        AUTHORIZATION,
+        "Bearer sk_ws_atomic".parse().expect("authorization"),
+    );
+    let (mut socket, response) = connect_async(request).await.expect("upgrade WebSocket");
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS);
+    socket
+        .send(ClientMessage::Text(
+            json!({
+                "type": "response.create",
+                "model": "model-a",
+                "input": "hello"
+            })
+            .to_string()
+            .into(),
+        ))
+        .await
+        .expect("send response.create");
+
+    let mut messages = Vec::<Value>::new();
+    loop {
+        let message = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(2), socket.next())
+            .await
+            .expect("WebSocket response timeout")
+            .expect("WebSocket remains open")
+            .expect("valid WebSocket frame");
+        let ClientMessage::Text(text) = message else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let value: Value = serde_json::from_str(&text).expect("JSON WebSocket event");
+        let failed = value.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some("response.failed");
+        messages.push(value);
+        if failed {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        messages
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|message| message.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some("response.failed"))
+            .count(),
+        1
+    );
+    let failed = messages
+        .iter()
+        .find(|message| message.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some("response.failed"))
+        .expect("upstream failed event");
+    assert_eq!(
+        failed
+            .pointer("/response/error/message")
+            .and_then(Value::as_str),
+        Some("websocket atomic upstream marker")
+    );
+    assert!(trace.committed.load(Ordering::Acquire));
+    assert_eq!(trace.next_calls.load(Ordering::Acquire), 2);
+    assert!(trace.finalized.load(Ordering::Acquire));
+
+    socket.close(None).await.expect("close WebSocket");
+    server.abort();
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn websocket_response_metadata_should_preserve_ordinary_headers_without_blocking_events() {
+    let trace = Arc::new(AtomicFailureTrace::default());
+    let execution = Arc::new(AtomicFailureExecution {
+        client: authenticated_client("sk_ws_atomic"),
+        trace,
+        response_headers: vec![
+            ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-future-header", Bytes::from_static(b"future-value")),
+            ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-future-multi", Bytes::from_static(b"first")),
+            ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-future-multi", Bytes::from_static(b"second")),
+            ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-future-bytes", Bytes::from_static(b"\xffopaque")),
+            ProviderResponseHeader::new("bad\0name", Bytes::from_static(b"unrepresentable")),
+            ProviderResponseHeader::new(
+                "authorization",
+                Bytes::from_static(b"should-not-cross-boundary"),
+            ),
+            ProviderResponseHeader::new("connection", Bytes::from_static(b"x-private-hop")),
+            ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-private-hop", Bytes::from_static(b"private-hop")),
+            ProviderResponseHeader::new("content-type", Bytes::from_static(b"application/private")),
+            ProviderResponseHeader::new("x-request-id", Bytes::from_static(b"req_upstream")),
+        ],
+    });
+    let app = api_router(execution).await;
+    let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0")
+        .await
+        .expect("bind WebSocket test server");
+    let address = listener.local_addr().expect("test server address");
+    let server = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        axum::serve(listener, app)
+            .await
+            .expect("serve WebSocket test router");
+    });
+    let mut request = format!("ws://{address}/v1/responses")
+        .into_client_request()
+        .expect("WebSocket request");
+    request.headers_mut().insert(
+        AUTHORIZATION,
+        "Bearer sk_ws_atomic".parse().expect("authorization"),
+    );
+    let (mut socket, response) = connect_async(request).await.expect("upgrade WebSocket");
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS);
+    socket
+        .send(ClientMessage::Text(
+            json!({
+                "type": "response.create",
+                "model": "model-a",
+                "input": "hello"
+            })
+            .to_string()
+            .into(),
+        ))
+        .await
+        .expect("send response.create");
+
+    let mut metadata = None;
+    let mut saw_failed = false;
+    while metadata.is_none() || !saw_failed {
+        let message = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(2), socket.next())
+            .await
+            .expect("WebSocket response timeout")
+            .expect("WebSocket remains open")
+            .expect("valid WebSocket frame");
+        let ClientMessage::Text(text) = message else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let value: Value = serde_json::from_str(&text).expect("JSON WebSocket event");
+        match value.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str) {
+            Some("response.metadata") => metadata = Some(value),
+            Some("response.failed") => saw_failed = true,
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    let headers = metadata
+        .as_ref()
+        .and_then(|value| value.get("headers"))
+        .and_then(Value::as_object)
+        .expect("response metadata headers");
+    assert_eq!(headers.get("x-future-header"), Some(&json!("future-value")));
+    // 官方 metadata 是 string map，同名多值只能保持既有的后值覆盖语义。
+    assert_eq!(headers.get("x-future-multi"), Some(&json!("second")));
+    assert_eq!(headers.get("x-request-id"), Some(&json!("req_upstream")));
+    for omitted in [
+        "x-future-bytes",
+        "bad\0name",
+        "authorization",
+        "connection",
+        "x-private-hop",
+        "content-type",
+    ] {
+        assert!(
+            !headers.contains_key(omitted),
+            "unexpected metadata header: {omitted:?}"
+        );
+    }
+    assert!(saw_failed);
+
+    socket.close(None).await.expect("close WebSocket");
+    server.abort();
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn websocket_response_create_should_not_have_a_private_16_mib_frame_limit() {
+    let trace = Arc::new(AtomicFailureTrace::default());
+    let execution = Arc::new(AtomicFailureExecution {
+        client: authenticated_client("sk_ws_atomic"),
+        trace,
+        response_headers: Vec::new(),
+    });
+    let app = api_router(execution).await;
+    let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0")
+        .await
+        .expect("bind WebSocket test server");
+    let address = listener.local_addr().expect("test server address");
+    let server = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        axum::serve(listener, app)
+            .await
+            .expect("serve WebSocket test router");
+    });
+    let mut request = format!("ws://{address}/v1/responses")
+        .into_client_request()
+        .expect("WebSocket request");
+    request.headers_mut().insert(
+        AUTHORIZATION,
+        "Bearer sk_ws_atomic".parse().expect("authorization"),
+    );
+    let (mut socket, response) = connect_async(request).await.expect("upgrade WebSocket");
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS);
+    let payload = json!({
+        "type": "response.create",
+        "model": "model-a",
+        "input": "x".repeat(16 * 1024 * 1024 + 1),
+    })
+    .to_string();
+    assert!(payload.len() > 16 * 1024 * 1024);
+
+    socket
+        .send(ClientMessage::Text(payload.into()))
+        .await
+        .expect("send response.create above the former frame limit");
+
+    let mut saw_upstream_event = false;
+    for _ in 0..3 {
+        let message = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(10), socket.next())
+            .await
+            .expect("WebSocket response timeout")
+            .expect("WebSocket remains open")
+            .expect("valid WebSocket frame");
+        let ClientMessage::Text(text) = message else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let value: Value = serde_json::from_str(&text).expect("JSON WebSocket event");
+        if matches!(
+            value.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str),
+            Some("response.created" | "response.failed")
+        ) {
+            saw_upstream_event = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    assert!(saw_upstream_event);
+
+    socket.close(None).await.expect("close WebSocket");
+    server.abort();
+}
+
+const TEST_WEBSOCKET_KEY: &str = "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==";
+
+fn upgrade_request(authorization: &str) -> Request<Body> {
+    Request::get("/v1/responses")
+        .header(AUTHORIZATION, authorization)
+        .header("connection", "upgrade")
+        .header("upgrade", "websocket")
+        .header("sec-websocket-version", "13")
+        .header("sec-websocket-key", TEST_WEBSOCKET_KEY)
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .expect("build WebSocket upgrade request")
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn get_responses_should_route_to_the_websocket_upgrade_boundary() {
+    let response = api_router(ModelsExecution::new())
+        .await
+        .oneshot(upgrade_request("Bearer sk_models_test"))
+        .await
+        .expect("route WebSocket upgrade request");
+
+    // oneshot 请求不携带升级状态;426 证明 GET /v1/responses 进入的是
+    // WebSocketUpgrade 边界而不是普通 HTTP handler。
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::UPGRADE_REQUIRED);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn websocket_upgradability_should_be_checked_before_authentication() {
+    let response = api_router(ModelsExecution::new())
+        .await
+        .oneshot(upgrade_request("Bearer sk_invalid"))
+        .await
+        .expect("route unauthenticated upgrade request");
+
+    // 升级能力在 extractor 阶段先于 handler 内的 API Key 认证被校验,
+    // 无效凭据得到的仍是升级失败而不是 401。
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::UPGRADE_REQUIRED);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn websocket_upgrade_should_reject_malformed_handshakes() {
+    let missing_connection = Request::get("/v1/responses")
+        .header(AUTHORIZATION, "Bearer sk_models_test")
+        .header("upgrade", "websocket")
+        .header("sec-websocket-version", "13")
+        .header("sec-websocket-key", TEST_WEBSOCKET_KEY)
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .expect("build request without connection header");
+    let unsupported_version = Request::get("/v1/responses")
+        .header(AUTHORIZATION, "Bearer sk_models_test")
+        .header("connection", "upgrade")
+        .header("upgrade", "websocket")
+        .header("sec-websocket-version", "12")
+        .header("sec-websocket-key", TEST_WEBSOCKET_KEY)
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .expect("build request with unsupported version");
+    let missing_key = Request::get("/v1/responses")
+        .header(AUTHORIZATION, "Bearer sk_models_test")
+        .header("connection", "upgrade")
+        .header("upgrade", "websocket")
+        .header("sec-websocket-version", "13")
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .expect("build request without websocket key");
+
+    for request in [missing_connection, unsupported_version, missing_key] {
+        let response = api_router(ModelsExecution::new())
+            .await
+            .oneshot(request)
+            .await
+            .expect("route malformed WebSocket handshake");
+
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
+    }
+}
@@ -1,52 +1,74 @@
 use axum::{
-    Router,
-    body::{Body, Bytes},
-    extract::DefaultBodyLimit,
-    http::{Request, StatusCode},
-    routing::post,
+    body::Body,
+    http::{Method, Request, StatusCode},
 };
-use gateway_api::openai::router::MAX_CLIENT_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES;
 use tower::ServiceExt;

-fn body_limit_app() -> Router {
-    Router::new()
-        .route(
-            "/v1/responses",
-            post(|body: Bytes| async move {
-                if body.len() == MAX_CLIENT_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES {
-                    StatusCode::NO_CONTENT
-                } else {
-                    StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
-                }
-            }),
+use super::api_router_with_origins;
+use super::models::ModelsExecution;
+
+const REMOVED_BODY_LIMIT_BYTES: usize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn responses_body_should_accept_payload_above_the_removed_private_limit() {
+    let router = api_router_with_origins(ModelsExecution::new(), Vec::new()).await;
+    let response = router
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::post("/v1/responses")
+                .body(Body::from(vec![b'a'; REMOVED_BODY_LIMIT_BYTES + 1]))
+                .expect("build request above the removed limit"),
        )
-        .layer(DefaultBodyLimit::max(MAX_CLIENT_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES))
+        .await
+        .expect("route request above the removed limit");
+
+    // The handler sees the body and rejects the missing credentials. A restored body limit
+    // would return 413 before authentication runs.
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn responses_body_limit_should_accept_exactly_sixteen_mibibytes() {
-    let response = body_limit_app()
+async fn configured_cors_origin_assembles_router_and_answers_preflight() {
+    let router = api_router_with_origins(
+        ModelsExecution::new(),
+        vec!["https://app.example.com".into()],
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    let response = router
        .oneshot(
-            Request::post("/v1/responses")
-                .body(Body::from(vec![b'a'; MAX_CLIENT_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES]))
-                .expect("build exact-limit request"),
+            Request::builder()
+                .method(Method::OPTIONS)
+                .uri("/v1/models")
+                .header("origin", "https://app.example.com")
+                .header("access-control-request-method", "GET")
+                .header("access-control-request-headers", "authorization")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("build preflight request"),
        )
        .await
-        .expect("route exact-limit request");
+        .expect("route preflight request");

-    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::NO_CONTENT);
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn responses_body_limit_should_reject_one_byte_over_sixteen_mibibytes() {
-    let response = body_limit_app()
-        .oneshot(
-            Request::post("/v1/responses")
-                .body(Body::from(vec![b'a'; MAX_CLIENT_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES + 1]))
-                .expect("build over-limit request"),
-        )
-        .await
-        .expect("route over-limit request");
-
-    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE);
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    assert_eq!(
+        response
+            .headers()
+            .get("access-control-allow-origin")
+            .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok()),
+        Some("https://app.example.com")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        response
+            .headers()
+            .get("access-control-allow-credentials")
+            .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok()),
+        Some("true")
+    );
+    let allow_headers = response
+        .headers()
+        .get("access-control-allow-headers")
+        .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
+        .expect("allow-headers present");
+    assert!(allow_headers.contains("authorization"));
+    assert!(allow_headers.contains("x-api-key"));
+    assert!(allow_headers.contains("x-request-id"));
 }
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ path = "tests/main.rs"
 [dependencies]
 async-trait = "0.1.89"
 bytes = "1.11.1"
-chrono = "0.4.45"
 futures = "0.3.32"
 futures-timer = "3.0.3"
 serde = { version = "1.0.228", features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1.0.150", features = ["preserve_order"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1.0.150", features = ["arbitrary_precision", "preserve_order"] }
 thiserror = "2.0.18"
+tracing = "0.1.44"
 uuid = { version = "1.23.3", features = ["v7"] }

 [lints]
@@ -8,24 +8,21 @@ use std::fmt;
 use futures::future::BoxFuture;

 use crate::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId;
-use crate::error::{IdentifierError, SafeUpstreamValue, validate_text};
 use crate::operation::ProviderSessionState;
 use crate::routing::ProviderKind;

-/// 客户端传入的 previous response ID。
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+/// 客户端或 Provider 传递的 opaque response handle。
+///
+/// Codex 定义这个值的语义和格式。网关只将其作为亲和查找键或同账号上游
+/// continuation 的载体，不得按私有长度、字符集或前缀规则拒绝、归一化或改写。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub struct PreviousResponseId(String);

 impl PreviousResponseId {
-    /// 校验并创建 previous response ID。
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// ID 为空、过长或包含控制字符时返回错误。
-    pub fn new(value: impl Into<String>) -> Result<Self, IdentifierError> {
-        let value = value.into();
-        validate_text(&value, 256, false, None)?;
-        Ok(Self(value))
+    /// 按原样创建 opaque response handle。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(value: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self(value.into())
    }

    #[must_use]
@@ -34,6 +31,12 @@ impl PreviousResponseId {
    }
 }

+impl fmt::Debug for PreviousResponseId {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("PreviousResponseId(<redacted>)")
+    }
+}
+
 /// Provider 原生 response handle 的续接范围。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum NativeContinuationScope {
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ pub struct NativeContinuationPin {
    /// 客户端提交、用于查找可丢失会话亲和记录的 response ID。
    previous_response_id: PreviousResponseId,
    /// Provider 原生 response handle。
-    upstream_response_id: SafeUpstreamValue,
+    upstream_response_id: PreviousResponseId,
    provider: ProviderKind,
    account: ProviderAccountId,
    scope: NativeContinuationScope,
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ impl NativeContinuationPin {
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn new(
        previous_response_id: PreviousResponseId,
-        upstream_response_id: SafeUpstreamValue,
+        upstream_response_id: PreviousResponseId,
        provider: ProviderKind,
        account: ProviderAccountId,
    ) -> Self {
@@ -98,7 +101,7 @@ impl NativeContinuationPin {

    /// 返回只允许发送给已冻结 Provider 目标的原生上游 handle。
    #[must_use]
-    pub const fn upstream_response_id(&self) -> &SafeUpstreamValue {
+    pub const fn upstream_response_id(&self) -> &PreviousResponseId {
        &self.upstream_response_id
    }

@@ -44,6 +44,46 @@ impl fmt::Display for ProviderAccountId {
    }
 }

+/// credential 轮换时可选替换的上游账号身份。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ProviderAccountIdentity {
+    upstream_user_id: String,
+    upstream_account_id: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for ProviderAccountIdentity {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("ProviderAccountIdentity")
+            .field("upstream_user_id", &"<redacted>")
+            .field(
+                "upstream_account_id",
+                &self.upstream_account_id.as_ref().map(|_| "<redacted>"),
+            )
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ProviderAccountIdentity {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(upstream_user_id: String, upstream_account_id: Option<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            upstream_user_id,
+            upstream_account_id,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn upstream_user_id(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.upstream_user_id
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn upstream_account_id(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.upstream_account_id.as_deref()
+    }
+}
+
 /// `provider_accounts.credential_revision` 的正数 CAS revision。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub struct CredentialRevision(NonZeroU64);
@@ -602,6 +642,15 @@ pub trait ProviderAccountStore: Send + Sync {
        expected_revision: CredentialRevision,
    ) -> Result<LoadedCredential, StoreError>;

+    /// 读取账号当前 credential 及其 revision，不做任何版本比对。
+    ///
+    /// 管理写入必须在临近 CAS 时用它取 fence，而不是携带调用方持有的旧 revision：
+    /// 后台刷新随时会推进 revision，用陈旧快照会把正常的恢复操作误判为冲突。
+    async fn load_current_credential(
+        &self,
+        account: &ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> Result<LoadedCredential, StoreError>;
+
    async fn compare_and_swap_credential(
        &self,
        update: CredentialCasUpdate,
@@ -901,6 +950,63 @@ pub struct AccountSelectionContext {
    pub excluded_accounts: BTreeSet<ProviderAccountId>,
    pub preferred_account: Option<ProviderAccountId>,
    pub round_robin_cursor: u64,
+    pub availability: AccountAvailabilityPolicy,
+}
+
+/// 选择账号时是否信任本地可用性投影。
+///
+/// 管理端对指定账号执行诊断时，会直接向上游确认实际状态；该模式跳过
+/// `enabled`、可用性、冷却和 token 到期等本地投影，仍保留租约、并发和
+/// 请求间隔约束，且只能与固定账号约束组合使用。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+pub enum AccountAvailabilityPolicy {
+    #[default]
+    Enforce,
+    BypassForDiagnostic,
+}
+
+impl AccountAvailabilityPolicy {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn bypasses_local_availability(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::BypassForDiagnostic)
+    }
+}
+
+/// 候选账号未进入调度池的约束。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AccountSchedulingBlocker {
+    LocalAvailability,
+    Excluded,
+    ConcurrencyLimit,
+    RequestInterval,
+}
+
+/// 优先账号在本次选择中的处理结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum PreferredAccountSelection {
+    NotRequested,
+    Hit,
+    Missing,
+    Blocked(AccountSchedulingBlocker),
+}
+
+/// 一次完整账号选择；同时保留优先账号决策，供 Provider 记录调度遥测。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct AccountSelection<'a> {
+    candidate: &'a AccountCandidate,
+    preferred: PreferredAccountSelection,
+}
+
+impl<'a> AccountSelection<'a> {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn candidate(self) -> &'a AccountCandidate {
+        self.candidate
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn preferred(self) -> PreferredAccountSelection {
+        self.preferred
+    }
 }

 /// 同一 target 内唯一的账号排序器。
@@ -914,43 +1020,55 @@ impl AccountSelector {
        &self,
        candidates: &'a [AccountCandidate],
        context: &AccountSelectionContext,
-    ) -> Option<&'a AccountCandidate> {
+    ) -> Option<AccountSelection<'a>> {
+        let preferred = if let Some(preferred) = context.preferred_account.as_ref() {
+            match candidates
+                .iter()
+                .find(|candidate| candidate.account.id() == preferred)
+            {
+                Some(candidate) => match self.scheduling_blocker(candidate, context) {
+                    None => {
+                        return Some(AccountSelection {
+                            candidate,
+                            preferred: PreferredAccountSelection::Hit,
+                        });
+                    }
+                    Some(blocker) => PreferredAccountSelection::Blocked(blocker),
+                },
+                None => PreferredAccountSelection::Missing,
+            }
+        } else {
+            PreferredAccountSelection::NotRequested
+        };
+
        let mut eligible = candidates
            .iter()
-            .filter(|candidate| eligible(candidate, context))
+            .filter(|candidate| self.scheduling_blocker(candidate, context).is_none())
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        if eligible.is_empty() {
            return None;
        }

-        if let Some(preferred) = context.preferred_account.as_ref()
-            && let Some(candidate) = eligible
-                .iter()
-                .find(|candidate| candidate.account.id() == preferred)
-            && (context.policy.strategy() == RotationStrategy::Sticky
-                || (context.policy.strategy() == RotationStrategy::Smart
-                    && !smart_preference_should_escape(&candidate.signals)))
-        {
-            return Some(candidate);
-        }
-
-        match context.policy.strategy() {
-            RotationStrategy::QuotaResetPriority => eligible.sort_by_key(|candidate| {
-                (
-                    candidate.signals.quota_reset_at.is_none(),
-                    candidate.signals.quota_reset_at,
-                    candidate.signals.in_flight,
-                    candidate.signals.last_started_at,
-                    candidate.account.id().clone(),
-                )
-            }),
+        let candidate = match context.policy.strategy() {
+            RotationStrategy::QuotaResetPriority => {
+                eligible.sort_by_key(|candidate| {
+                    (
+                        candidate.signals.quota_reset_at.is_none(),
+                        candidate.signals.quota_reset_at,
+                        candidate.signals.in_flight,
+                        candidate.signals.last_started_at,
+                        candidate.account.id().clone(),
+                    )
+                });
+                eligible.first().copied()?
+            }
            RotationStrategy::RoundRobin => {
                eligible.sort_by_key(|candidate| candidate.account.id().clone());
                let index = context.round_robin_cursor as usize % eligible.len();
-                return Some(eligible[index]);
+                eligible.get(index).copied()?
            }
            RotationStrategy::Smart => {
-                return select_smart_candidate(&eligible, context.round_robin_cursor);
+                select_smart_candidate(&eligible, context.round_robin_cursor)?
            }
            RotationStrategy::Sticky => {
                eligible.sort_by_key(|candidate| {
@@ -959,9 +1077,44 @@ impl AccountSelector {
                        candidate.account.id().clone(),
                    )
                });
+                eligible.first().copied()?
            }
+        };
+        Some(AccountSelection {
+            candidate,
+            preferred,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn scheduling_blocker(
+        &self,
+        candidate: &AccountCandidate,
+        context: &AccountSelectionContext,
+    ) -> Option<AccountSchedulingBlocker> {
+        if !context.availability.bypasses_local_availability()
+            && !candidate.account.is_schedulable(context.now)
+        {
+            return Some(AccountSchedulingBlocker::LocalAvailability);
        }
-        eligible.into_iter().next()
+        if context.excluded_accounts.contains(candidate.account.id()) {
+            return Some(AccountSchedulingBlocker::Excluded);
+        }
+        if candidate.signals.in_flight >= context.policy.max_concurrent_per_account().get() {
+            return Some(AccountSchedulingBlocker::ConcurrencyLimit);
+        }
+        if candidate
+            .signals
+            .last_started_at
+            .is_some_and(|last_started| {
+                !context
+                    .now
+                    .duration_since(last_started)
+                    .is_ok_and(|elapsed| elapsed >= context.policy.request_interval())
+            })
+        {
+            return Some(AccountSchedulingBlocker::RequestInterval);
+        }
+        None
    }
 }

@@ -969,8 +1122,6 @@ const SMART_LOAD_WEIGHT: f64 = 1.0;
 const SMART_QUOTA_WEIGHT: f64 = 0.8;
 const SMART_FAILURE_WEIGHT: f64 = 1.0;
 const SMART_LATENCY_WEIGHT: f64 = 0.5;
-const SMART_PREFERENCE_FAILURE_ESCAPE_BASIS_POINTS: u16 = 5_000;
-const SMART_PREFERENCE_LATENCY_ESCAPE_MS: u64 = 15_000;

 struct SmartNormalization {
    max_in_flight: u32,
@@ -1091,34 +1242,6 @@ fn higher_is_better(value: u64, minimum: u64, maximum: u64) -> f64 {
    (value.saturating_sub(minimum) as f64 / (maximum - minimum) as f64).clamp(0.0, 1.0)
 }

-fn smart_preference_should_escape(signals: &AccountRuntimeSignals) -> bool {
-    signals
-        .failure_rate_basis_points
-        .is_some_and(|rate| rate > SMART_PREFERENCE_FAILURE_ESCAPE_BASIS_POINTS)
-        || signals
-            .first_output_latency_ms
-            .is_some_and(|latency| latency > SMART_PREFERENCE_LATENCY_ESCAPE_MS)
-}
-
-fn eligible(candidate: &AccountCandidate, context: &AccountSelectionContext) -> bool {
-    if !candidate.account.is_schedulable(context.now)
-        || context.excluded_accounts.contains(candidate.account.id())
-        || candidate.signals.in_flight >= context.policy.max_concurrent_per_account().get()
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    candidate
-        .signals
-        .last_started_at
-        .is_none_or(|last_started| {
-            context
-                .now
-                .duration_since(last_started)
-                .is_ok_and(|elapsed| elapsed >= context.policy.request_interval())
-        })
-}
-
 /// Credential 值对象构造错误。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Error)]
 pub enum CredentialError {
@@ -17,22 +17,29 @@ use crate::engine::continuation::{
    ContinuationBinding, NativeContinuationPin, NativeContinuationPort, PreviousResponseId,
 };
 use crate::engine::coordinator::ResponseExecutionSession;
-use crate::engine::probe::{AccountProbe, AccountProbeRequest, AccountProbeResult};
+use crate::engine::probe::{
+    AccountProbe, AccountProbeError, AccountProbeRequest, AccountProbeResult,
+    AccountProbeUpstreamResponse,
+};
 use crate::engine::provider::ProviderRegistry;
 use crate::engine::{
-    AttemptCoordinator, AttemptRecord, CancellationToken, CommitRequirement, CoordinatedEvent,
-    EngineError, ExecutionStore, GatewayEngine, IntermediateFailure, ModelRequestFinalization,
-    ModelRequestId, NewModelRequest, ProviderAttemptOutcome, RecoveryReport, UpstreamSendState,
+    AttemptCoordinator, AttemptRecord, CancellationToken, CoordinatedEvent, EngineError,
+    ExecutionStore, GatewayEngine, IntermediateFailure, ModelRequestFinalization, ModelRequestId,
+    NewModelRequest, ProbeFailure, ProviderAccountId, ProviderAttemptOutcome, RecoveryReport,
+    UpstreamSendState,
 };
 use crate::error::{GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind, ProviderErrorKind, StoreError};
 use crate::event::{GatewayEvent, ProviderEvent, ProviderResponseHeader};
 use crate::operation::{Operation, ProviderSessionState};
 use crate::policy::{ClientApiKeyId, ClientPolicy};
 use crate::routing::snapshot::RuntimeSnapshotHandle;
-use crate::routing::{ProviderKind, PublicModelId, RoutingContext, RuntimeSnapshot};
+use crate::routing::{
+    ProviderKind, PublicModelId, PublicModelProfile, RoutingContext, RuntimeSnapshot,
+    UpstreamModelId,
+};

 const MODEL_REQUEST_DEADLINE: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10 * 60);
-const CONTINUATION_AFFINITY_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
+const REDIS_COORDINATION_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_millis(100);

 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ClientTransport {
@@ -139,6 +146,9 @@ pub trait ExecutionService: Send + Sync {
        plaintext: &str,
    ) -> Result<AuthenticatedClient, ClientAuthenticationError>;
    fn public_models(&self, client: &AuthenticatedClient) -> Vec<PublicModelId>;
+    fn public_model_profiles(&self, _client: &AuthenticatedClient) -> Vec<PublicModelProfile> {
+        Vec::new()
+    }
    fn contains_public_model(&self, client: &AuthenticatedClient, model: &PublicModelId) -> bool;
    fn start(
        &self,
@@ -182,6 +192,8 @@ pub struct DefaultExecutionService {
    snapshots: RuntimeSnapshotHandle,
    coordinator: Arc<AttemptCoordinator<dyn ExecutionStore>>,
    probe_coordinator: Arc<AttemptCoordinator<dyn ExecutionStore>>,
+    /// probe 自身走 transient store，探测失败仍写入持久 store 的 ops_events。
+    observations: Arc<dyn ExecutionStore>,
    providers: ProviderRegistry,
    admissions: Arc<dyn ClientAdmissionPort>,
    circuits: Arc<dyn ProviderCircuitPort>,
@@ -200,6 +212,7 @@ impl DefaultExecutionService {
        continuation: Arc<dyn NativeContinuationPort>,
        client_api_key_usage: Arc<dyn ClientApiKeyUsageSink>,
    ) -> Self {
+        let observations = Arc::clone(&execution);
        let engine = GatewayEngine::<dyn ExecutionStore>::new(execution, providers.clone());
        let transient: Arc<dyn ExecutionStore> = Arc::new(TransientExecutionStore);
        let probe_engine = GatewayEngine::<dyn ExecutionStore>::new(transient, providers.clone());
@@ -207,6 +220,7 @@ impl DefaultExecutionService {
            snapshots,
            coordinator: Arc::new(AttemptCoordinator::new(engine)),
            probe_coordinator: Arc::new(AttemptCoordinator::new(probe_engine)),
+            observations,
            providers,
            admissions,
            circuits,
@@ -222,15 +236,6 @@ impl DefaultExecutionService {
        request.client.policy.authorize().map_err(|_| {
            GatewayError::new(GatewayErrorKind::PolicyDenied, "client API key is disabled")
        })?;
-        if !request.client.snapshot.contains_public_model_for_provider(
-            &request.public_model,
-            request.client.policy.provider_kind(),
-        ) {
-            return Err(GatewayError::new(
-                GatewayErrorKind::ModelNotFound,
-                "requested model was not found",
-            ));
-        }
        let started_at = SystemTime::now();
        let deadline_at = started_at
            .checked_add(MODEL_REQUEST_DEADLINE)
@@ -249,7 +254,7 @@ impl DefaultExecutionService {
        let continuation = match request.metadata.previous_response_id.as_ref() {
            Some(previous) => {
                let resolve = self.continuation.resolve(previous).fuse();
-                let timeout = Delay::new(CONTINUATION_AFFINITY_TIMEOUT).fuse();
+                let timeout = Delay::new(REDIS_COORDINATION_TIMEOUT).fuse();
                pin_mut!(resolve, timeout);
                let pin = select_biased! {
                    result = resolve => result.ok().flatten(),
@@ -387,14 +392,33 @@ impl DefaultExecutionService {
        &self,
        provider_kind: &ProviderKind,
    ) -> Result<RoutingContext, GatewayError> {
-        let blocked_providers = match self.circuits.decision(provider_kind).await.map_err(|_| {
-            GatewayError::new(
-                GatewayErrorKind::NoAvailableProvider,
-                "provider health state is temporarily unavailable",
-            )
-        })? {
-            ProviderCircuitDecision::Allow => BTreeSet::new(),
-            ProviderCircuitDecision::BlockedUntil(_) => BTreeSet::from([provider_kind.clone()]),
+        let decision = self.circuits.decision(provider_kind).fuse();
+        let timeout = Delay::new(REDIS_COORDINATION_TIMEOUT).fuse();
+        pin_mut!(decision, timeout);
+        let decision = select_biased! {
+            result = decision => Some(result),
+            _ = timeout => None,
+        };
+        let blocked_providers = match decision {
+            Some(Ok(ProviderCircuitDecision::Allow)) => BTreeSet::new(),
+            Some(Ok(ProviderCircuitDecision::BlockedUntil(_))) => {
+                BTreeSet::from([provider_kind.clone()])
+            }
+            Some(Err(error)) => {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    provider = provider_kind.as_str(),
+                    %error,
+                    "Provider circuit 读取失败，按可重建协调状态 fail-open"
+                );
+                BTreeSet::new()
+            }
+            None => {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    provider = provider_kind.as_str(),
+                    "Provider circuit 读取超时，按可重建协调状态 fail-open"
+                );
+                BTreeSet::new()
+            }
        };
        Ok(RoutingContext {
            provider_kind: Some(provider_kind.clone()),
@@ -405,13 +429,18 @@ impl DefaultExecutionService {
    async fn probe_inner(
        &self,
        request: AccountProbeRequest,
-    ) -> Result<AccountProbeResult, GatewayError> {
+    ) -> Result<AccountProbeResult, AccountProbeError> {
        let AccountProbeRequest {
            account_id,
            provider_kind,
            upstream_model,
            operation,
        } = request;
+        let observed = ProbeObservation {
+            provider_kind: provider_kind.clone(),
+            account_id: account_id.clone(),
+            upstream_model: upstream_model.clone(),
+        };
        let snapshot = self.snapshots.acquire().map_err(|_| {
            GatewayError::new(
                GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
@@ -459,29 +488,44 @@ impl DefaultExecutionService {
            started_at,
            deadline_at,
        };
-        let mut session = self
+        let mut session = match self
            .probe_coordinator
-            .start(
+            .start_diagnostic(
                new_request,
                operation,
                plan,
-                Some(account_id),
+                account_id,
                None,
                CancellationToken::new(),
            )
            .await
-            .map_err(|error| gateway_error_from_engine(&error))?;
+        {
+            Ok(session) => session,
+            Err(error) => {
+                return Err(self
+                    .observe_probe_failure(&observed, started_at, &error)
+                    .await);
+            }
+        };
        let events = session.collect_uncommitted().await;
        publish_provider_attempt_outcomes(
            self.circuits.as_ref(),
            session.provider_attempt_outcomes(),
        )
        .await;
-        let events = events.map_err(|error| gateway_error_from_engine(&error))?;
-        session
-            .commit_downstream(Some(200))
-            .await
-            .map_err(|error| gateway_error_from_engine(&error))?;
+        let events = match events {
+            Ok(events) => events,
+            Err(error) => {
+                return Err(self
+                    .observe_probe_failure(&observed, started_at, &error)
+                    .await);
+            }
+        };
+        if let Err(error) = session.commit_downstream(Some(200)).await {
+            return Err(self
+                .observe_probe_failure(&observed, started_at, &error)
+                .await);
+        }
        Ok(AccountProbeResult {
            text: events
                .into_iter()
@@ -493,6 +537,63 @@ impl DefaultExecutionService {
                .collect(),
        })
    }
+
+    /// 探测失败先记录脱敏分类事实，再把请求局部的原始上游响应交给认证管理端。
+    async fn observe_probe_failure(
+        &self,
+        observed: &ProbeObservation,
+        started_at: SystemTime,
+        error: &EngineError,
+    ) -> AccountProbeError {
+        let upstream_response = match error {
+            EngineError::Provider(provider_error) => provider_error
+                .client_visible_upstream_response()
+                .map(AccountProbeUpstreamResponse::from_client_response),
+            _ => None,
+        };
+        if let EngineError::Provider(provider_error) = error {
+            let latency = started_at.elapsed().unwrap_or_default();
+            let latency_ms = u64::try_from(latency.as_millis()).unwrap_or(u64::MAX);
+            tracing::warn!(
+                target: "gateway_probe",
+                provider_kind = observed.provider_kind.as_str(),
+                account_id = observed.account_id.as_str(),
+                upstream_model = observed.upstream_model.as_str(),
+                failure_kind = provider_error.kind().as_str(),
+                send_state = ?provider_error.send_state(),
+                upstream_status = ?provider_error.upstream_status(),
+                provider_error_code = ?provider_error.upstream_code().map(|code| code.as_str()),
+                latency_ms,
+                "账号连接测试失败"
+            );
+            if let Err(store_error) = self
+                .observations
+                .record_probe_failure(ProbeFailure {
+                    provider_kind: observed.provider_kind.clone(),
+                    account_id: observed.account_id.clone(),
+                    upstream_model_id: observed.upstream_model.clone(),
+                    error: provider_error.clone(),
+                    latency,
+                })
+                .await
+            {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    operation = "record_probe_failure",
+                    provider_kind = observed.provider_kind.as_str(),
+                    account_id = observed.account_id.as_str(),
+                    error_kind = ?store_error.kind(),
+                    "账号连接测试观测写入失败，测试结果不受影响"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        AccountProbeError::new(gateway_error_from_engine(error), upstream_response)
+    }
+}
+
+struct ProbeObservation {
+    provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+    upstream_model: UpstreamModelId,
 }

 struct TransientExecutionStore;
@@ -568,6 +669,12 @@ impl ExecutionService for DefaultExecutionService {
            .public_models_for_provider(client.policy.provider_kind())
    }

+    fn public_model_profiles(&self, client: &AuthenticatedClient) -> Vec<PublicModelProfile> {
+        client
+            .snapshot
+            .public_model_profiles_for_provider(client.policy.provider_kind())
+    }
+
    fn contains_public_model(&self, client: &AuthenticatedClient, model: &PublicModelId) -> bool {
        client
            .snapshot
@@ -586,7 +693,7 @@ impl AccountProbe for DefaultExecutionService {
    fn probe(
        &self,
        request: AccountProbeRequest,
-    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<AccountProbeResult, GatewayError>> {
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<AccountProbeResult, AccountProbeError>> {
        Box::pin(async move { self.probe_inner(request).await })
    }
 }
@@ -599,10 +706,13 @@ struct AdmissionLease {

 impl AdmissionLease {
    async fn release(self) {
-        let _ = self
+        if let Err(error) = self
            .port
            .release(&self.client_api_key_id, &self.model_request_id)
-            .await;
+            .await
+        {
+            tracing::warn!(%error, "Client admission 释放失败，依赖租约 TTL 收敛");
+        }
    }
 }

@@ -677,13 +787,7 @@ impl DefaultExecutionSession {
            return;
        };
        self.continuation_recorded = true;
-        let record = self.continuation.record(pin).fuse();
-        let timeout = Delay::new(CONTINUATION_AFFINITY_TIMEOUT).fuse();
-        pin_mut!(record, timeout);
-        select_biased! {
-            _ = record => {},
-            _ = timeout => {},
-        }
+        record_native_continuation(self.continuation.as_ref(), pin).await;
    }

    async fn finalize_detached(&mut self) {
@@ -691,8 +795,10 @@ impl DefaultExecutionSession {
            return;
        };
        core.cancel();
-        if !core.is_finalized() {
-            let _ = core.cancel_and_finalize().await;
+        if !core.is_finalized()
+            && let Err(error) = core.cancel_and_finalize().await
+        {
+            tracing::warn!(%error, "Detached execution 终态收敛失败");
        }
        let pending = core
            .provider_attempt_outcomes()
@@ -813,7 +919,32 @@ async fn publish_provider_attempt_outcomes(
            }
            Some(_) => continue,
        };
-        let _ = result;
+        if let Err(error) = result {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                provider = outcome.provider_kind().as_str(),
+                %error,
+                "Provider circuit feedback 写入失败，数据面不受影响"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+async fn record_native_continuation(
+    continuation: &dyn NativeContinuationPort,
+    pin: NativeContinuationPin,
+) {
+    let record = continuation.record(pin).fuse();
+    let timeout = Delay::new(REDIS_COORDINATION_TIMEOUT).fuse();
+    pin_mut!(record, timeout);
+    select_biased! {
+        result = record => {
+            if let Err(error) = result {
+                tracing::warn!(%error, "Continuation affinity 写入失败，后续请求将退化为外部续接");
+            }
+        },
+        _ = timeout => {
+            tracing::warn!("Continuation affinity 后台写入超时，已丢弃本次亲和记录");
+        },
    }
 }

@@ -857,7 +988,7 @@ fn attach_continuation_session_state(operation: &mut Operation, pin: &NativeCont
    {
        return;
    }
-    *operation = operation.clone().with_provider_session_state(state.clone());
+    operation.set_provider_session_state(state.clone());
 }

 pub fn gateway_error_from_engine(error: &EngineError) -> GatewayError {
@@ -878,8 +1009,3 @@ pub fn gateway_error_from_engine(error: &EngineError) -> GatewayError {
        _ => GatewayError::new(GatewayErrorKind::Internal, "request execution failed"),
    }
 }
-
-#[must_use]
-pub const fn commit_requirement(event: &CoordinatedEvent) -> CommitRequirement {
-    event.commit_requirement()
-}
@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@ pub struct AccountAttemptContext {
    required_account: Option<ProviderAccountId>,
    state_owner: Option<ProviderAccountStateOwner>,
    credential_recovery_attempted: bool,
+    diagnostic_required_account: bool,
 }

 impl AccountAttemptContext {
@@ -246,6 +247,25 @@ impl AccountAttemptContext {
            required_account,
            state_owner,
            credential_recovery_attempted: false,
+            diagnostic_required_account: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 为管理端对固定账号的上游诊断创建上下文。
+    ///
+    /// 诊断只绕过本地的被动可用性投影，不能换号，并继续受账号租约保护。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn diagnostic(
+        excluded_accounts: BTreeSet<ProviderAccountId>,
+        required_account: ProviderAccountId,
+        state_owner: Option<ProviderAccountStateOwner>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            excluded_accounts,
+            required_account: Some(required_account),
+            state_owner,
+            credential_recovery_attempted: false,
+            diagnostic_required_account: true,
        }
    }

@@ -275,6 +295,12 @@ impl AccountAttemptContext {
    pub const fn credential_recovery_attempted(&self) -> bool {
        self.credential_recovery_attempted
    }
+
+    /// 此尝试是否要由真实上游而非本地投影确认固定账号的可用性。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_diagnostic_required_account(&self) -> bool {
+        self.diagnostic_required_account
+    }
 }

 /// 请求中 Provider 账号绑定状态的唯一归属。
@@ -474,6 +500,12 @@ impl AttemptContext {
        self.account.credential_recovery_attempted()
    }

+    /// 管理端固定账号诊断会跳过本地可用性投影，保留全部租约约束。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_diagnostic_required_account(&self) -> bool {
+        self.account.is_diagnostic_required_account()
+    }
+
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn continuation(&self) -> Option<&ContinuationBinding> {
        self.continuation.as_ref()
@@ -543,6 +575,16 @@ pub struct IntermediateFailure {
    pub latency: Duration,
 }

+/// 不属于任何 `model_requests` 行的管理端账号探测失败。
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ProbeFailure {
+    pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    pub account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+    pub upstream_model_id: UpstreamModelId,
+    pub error: ProviderError,
+    pub latency: Duration,
+}
+
 /// `model_requests` 可用的毫秒级阶段耗时。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ModelRequestTimings {
@@ -573,6 +615,7 @@ pub struct ModelRequestFinalization {
    pub upstream_transport: Option<String>,
    pub http_version: Option<String>,
    pub websocket_pool: Option<String>,
+    pub service_tier: Option<String>,
    /// Provider 已筛选的专有观测 JSON；Core 不解释字段。
    pub provider_metadata_json: Option<String>,
    pub error: Option<GatewayError>,
@@ -596,6 +639,19 @@ pub struct RecoveryReport {
 pub trait ExecutionStore: Send + Sync {
    async fn create_model_request(&self, request: NewModelRequest) -> Result<(), StoreError>;
    async fn record_attempt(&self, attempt: AttemptRecord) -> Result<(), StoreError>;
+    /// 请求插入与首次 attempt 合并持久化；两者写同一行，支持合并写的
+    /// store 可覆写为单次往返，缩短首 token 前的关键路径。
+    ///
+    /// 覆写实现应保证原子性：默认的两步实现里第二步失败会留下一条
+    /// `running` 请求行，由 deadline 回收器收敛。
+    async fn create_model_request_with_attempt(
+        &self,
+        request: NewModelRequest,
+        attempt: AttemptRecord,
+    ) -> Result<(), StoreError> {
+        self.create_model_request(request).await?;
+        self.record_attempt(attempt).await
+    }
    async fn mark_send_state(
        &self,
        request_id: &ModelRequestId,
@@ -616,6 +672,10 @@ pub trait ExecutionStore: Send + Sync {
        &self,
        failure: IntermediateFailure,
    ) -> Result<(), StoreError>;
+    /// 记录不挂在 `model_requests` 上的账号探测失败；默认丢弃。
+    async fn record_probe_failure(&self, _failure: ProbeFailure) -> Result<(), StoreError> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
    async fn finalize_model_request(
        &self,
        finalization: ModelRequestFinalization,
@@ -646,11 +706,7 @@ impl CoordinatedEvent {
        }
    }

-    /// 创建一个必须在同一下游提交边界内按序编码的事件批次。
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// 空批次无法建立交付边界。
+    /// 将一批 provider 事件合并为单个提交单元；空批次是无效投递状态。
    pub fn try_batch(
        events: Vec<ProviderEvent>,
        commit_requirement: CommitRequirement,
@@ -701,6 +757,8 @@ pub enum EngineError {
    Deadline,
    #[error("routing plan has no candidate")]
    EmptyRoutingPlan,
+    #[error("no provider attempt is active")]
+    NoActiveAttempt,
    #[error("downstream delivery must be committed before execution can continue")]
    DownstreamCommitRequired,
    #[error("downstream delivery cannot be committed in the current state")]
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 //! 管理端账号连通性测试的真实执行链端口。

+use std::fmt;
+
+use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::future::BoxFuture;

-use crate::error::GatewayError;
+use crate::error::{ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse, GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind};
 use crate::routing::{ProviderKind, UpstreamModelId};
 use crate::{engine::credential::ProviderAccountId, operation::Operation};

@@ -19,9 +22,111 @@ pub struct AccountProbeResult {
    pub text: Vec<String>,
 }

+/// 仅供当前管理端连接测试展示的原始上游失败响应。
+///
+/// 正文不进入 `Debug`、日志或持久化；Core 只在探测终态从原始 Provider 错误显式复制。
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountProbeUpstreamResponse {
+    status: u16,
+    content_type: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+    body: Bytes,
+}
+
+impl AccountProbeUpstreamResponse {
+    pub(crate) fn from_client_response(response: &ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            status: response.status(),
+            content_type: response.content_type().map(<[u8]>::to_vec),
+            body: response.body().clone(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn status(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.status
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn content_type(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> {
+        self.content_type.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &Bytes {
+        &self.body
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for AccountProbeUpstreamResponse {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("AccountProbeUpstreamResponse")
+            .field("status", &self.status)
+            .field(
+                "content_type",
+                &self.content_type.as_ref().map(|_| "<present>"),
+            )
+            .field("body", &"<redacted>")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 管理端连接测试的终态错误。
+///
+/// `gateway` 保留稳定分类，`upstream_response` 只面向本次认证管理请求展示源响应。
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct AccountProbeError {
+    gateway: GatewayError,
+    upstream_response: Option<AccountProbeUpstreamResponse>,
+}
+
+impl AccountProbeError {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(
+        gateway: GatewayError,
+        upstream_response: Option<AccountProbeUpstreamResponse>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            gateway,
+            upstream_response,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn kind(&self) -> GatewayErrorKind {
+        self.gateway.kind()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn client_message(&self) -> &str {
+        self.gateway.client_message()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn client_error_type(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.gateway.client_error_type()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn client_error_code(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.gateway.client_error_code()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn upstream_response(&self) -> Option<&AccountProbeUpstreamResponse> {
+        self.upstream_response.as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<GatewayError> for AccountProbeError {
+    fn from(gateway: GatewayError) -> Self {
+        Self::new(gateway, None)
+    }
+}
+
 pub trait AccountProbe: Send + Sync {
    fn probe(
        &self,
        request: AccountProbeRequest,
-    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<AccountProbeResult, GatewayError>>;
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<AccountProbeResult, AccountProbeError>>;
 }
@@ -16,11 +16,13 @@ use crate::engine::credential::{
 };
 use crate::engine::{AttemptContext, UpstreamSendState};
 use crate::error::{
-    IdentifierError, ProviderError, ProviderErrorKind, SafeUpstreamValue, validate_text,
+    IdentifierError, OpaqueUpstreamValue, ProviderError, ProviderErrorKind, validate_text,
 };
 use crate::event::{EventSequenceValidator, ProviderEvent};
 use crate::operation::Operation;
-use crate::routing::{ModelCapabilities, ProviderCandidate, ProviderKind, UpstreamModelId};
+use crate::routing::{
+    ModelCapabilities, ModelPresentation, ProviderCandidate, ProviderKind, UpstreamModelId,
+};

 /// Box 只出现在 Provider Registry 的统一 event envelope 边界。
 pub type EventStream =
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ pub struct ProviderCallMetadata {
    provider: ProviderKind,
    upstream_model: UpstreamModelId,
    resource: ProviderResource,
-    upstream_request_id: Option<SafeUpstreamValue>,
+    upstream_request_id: Option<OpaqueUpstreamValue>,
    transport: UpstreamTransport,
 }

@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ impl ProviderCallMetadata {

    /// 设置 adapter 已分类为非 bearer 的 request ID。
    #[must_use]
-    pub fn with_upstream_request_id(mut self, request_id: SafeUpstreamValue) -> Self {
+    pub fn with_upstream_request_id(mut self, request_id: OpaqueUpstreamValue) -> Self {
        self.upstream_request_id = Some(request_id);
        self
    }
@@ -184,7 +186,7 @@ impl ProviderCallMetadata {

    /// 返回安全上游 request ID。
    #[must_use]
-    pub const fn upstream_request_id(&self) -> Option<&SafeUpstreamValue> {
+    pub const fn upstream_request_id(&self) -> Option<&OpaqueUpstreamValue> {
        self.upstream_request_id.as_ref()
    }

@@ -433,6 +435,7 @@ pub struct ProviderRequestObservation {
 pub struct ProviderModelCapabilities {
    upstream_model: UpstreamModelId,
    capabilities: ModelCapabilities,
+    presentation: Option<ModelPresentation>,
 }

 /// Provider 实时目录成功发布后的进程内单调代次。
@@ -459,9 +462,16 @@ impl ProviderModelCapabilities {
        Self {
            upstream_model,
            capabilities,
+            presentation: None,
        }
    }

+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_presentation(mut self, presentation: ModelPresentation) -> Self {
+        self.presentation = Some(presentation);
+        self
+    }
+
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn upstream_model(&self) -> &UpstreamModelId {
        &self.upstream_model
@@ -471,6 +481,11 @@ impl ProviderModelCapabilities {
    pub const fn capabilities(&self) -> &ModelCapabilities {
        &self.capabilities
    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn presentation(&self) -> Option<&ModelPresentation> {
+        self.presentation.as_ref()
+    }
 }

 impl ProviderRequest {
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
 use std::fmt;
 use std::time::Duration;

+use bytes::Bytes;
 use thiserror::Error;

 use crate::engine::UpstreamSendState;
+use crate::event::{ProviderEvent, ProviderResponseHeader};

 /// 应用层标识不满足约束。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Error)]
@@ -174,22 +176,18 @@ pub enum ContinuationFailure {
    HistoryUnavailable,
 }

-/// Adapter 已明确分类为非 bearer、可用于诊断的上游值。
+/// Adapter 已明确分类为非 bearer 的不透明上游值。
+///
+/// Core 不解释或校验内容，只通过自定义 [`Debug`] 避免它意外进入日志。协议 adapter
+/// 可在原客户端响应中读取原值。
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct SafeUpstreamValue(String);
+pub struct OpaqueUpstreamValue(String);

-impl SafeUpstreamValue {
-    const MAX_BYTES: usize = 256;
-
-    /// 校验并创建诊断值。
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// 空值、超长值或控制字符会返回 [`IdentifierError`]。
-    pub fn new(value: impl Into<String>) -> Result<Self, IdentifierError> {
-        let value = value.into();
-        validate_text(&value, Self::MAX_BYTES, false, None)?;
-        Ok(Self(value))
+impl OpaqueUpstreamValue {
+    /// 原样保存上游值。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(value: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self(value.into())
    }

    /// 返回已经由 adapter 安全分类的原值。
@@ -199,9 +197,9 @@ impl SafeUpstreamValue {
    }
 }

-impl fmt::Debug for SafeUpstreamValue {
+impl fmt::Debug for OpaqueUpstreamValue {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        formatter.write_str("SafeUpstreamValue(<redacted-from-Debug>)")
+        formatter.write_str("OpaqueUpstreamValue(<redacted-from-Debug>)")
    }
 }

@@ -212,31 +210,23 @@ impl fmt::Debug for SafeUpstreamValue {
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ClientVisibleUpstreamError {
    message: String,
-    code: Option<SafeUpstreamValue>,
-    error_type: Option<SafeUpstreamValue>,
+    code: Option<OpaqueUpstreamValue>,
+    error_type: Option<OpaqueUpstreamValue>,
 }

 impl ClientVisibleUpstreamError {
-    const MAX_MESSAGE_BYTES: usize = 8_192;
-
-    /// 从结构化上游 `message`、`code` 和 `type` 创建客户端可见错误。
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// message 为空、过长或含控制字符时返回错误；可选 code/type 不满足安全
-    /// 约束时会被省略，不会把整段上游 body 重新暴露。
+    /// 原样保存结构化上游 `message`、`code` 和 `type`。
+    #[must_use]
    pub fn new(
        message: impl Into<String>,
        code: Option<String>,
        error_type: Option<String>,
-    ) -> Result<Self, IdentifierError> {
-        let message = message.into();
-        validate_text(&message, Self::MAX_MESSAGE_BYTES, false, None)?;
-        Ok(Self {
-            message,
-            code: code.and_then(|value| SafeUpstreamValue::new(value).ok()),
-            error_type: error_type.and_then(|value| SafeUpstreamValue::new(value).ok()),
-        })
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            message: message.into(),
+            code: code.map(OpaqueUpstreamValue::new),
+            error_type: error_type.map(OpaqueUpstreamValue::new),
+        }
    }

    /// 返回原上游的结构化 message。
@@ -248,13 +238,13 @@ impl ClientVisibleUpstreamError {
    /// 返回原上游的结构化 code。
    #[must_use]
    pub fn code(&self) -> Option<&str> {
-        self.code.as_ref().map(SafeUpstreamValue::as_str)
+        self.code.as_ref().map(OpaqueUpstreamValue::as_str)
    }

    /// 返回原上游的结构化 type。
    #[must_use]
    pub fn error_type(&self) -> Option<&str> {
-        self.error_type.as_ref().map(SafeUpstreamValue::as_str)
+        self.error_type.as_ref().map(OpaqueUpstreamValue::as_str)
    }
 }

@@ -264,28 +254,110 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ClientVisibleUpstreamError {
    }
 }

+/// 只供当前客户端请求使用的原始上游 HTTP 失败响应。
+///
+/// 该值不属于稳定诊断事实，不能进入日志或持久化。它刻意不实现 [`Clone`]；
+/// [`ProviderError`] 的普通 clone 会丢弃它，只有最终失败的原对象才能把响应交给
+/// 原客户端协议，或由认证管理端的账号连接测试显式复制到请求局部结果。
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse {
+    status: u16,
+    content_type: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+    headers: Vec<ProviderResponseHeader>,
+    body: Bytes,
+}
+
+impl ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse {
+    /// 保存 transport 实际收到的状态码、Content-Type 原值和正文。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(status: u16, content_type: Option<Vec<u8>>, body: Bytes) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            status,
+            content_type,
+            headers: Vec::new(),
+            body,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 附加 Provider 已剔除账号绑定与 framing 信息的普通响应头。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_headers(mut self, headers: Vec<ProviderResponseHeader>) -> Self {
+        self.headers = headers;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn status(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.status
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn content_type(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> {
+        self.content_type.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn headers(&self) -> &[ProviderResponseHeader] {
+        &self.headers
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &Bytes {
+        &self.body
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse")
+            .field("status", &self.status)
+            .field(
+                "content_type",
+                &self.content_type.as_ref().map(|_| "<present>"),
+            )
+            .field("header_count", &self.headers.len())
+            .field("body", &"<redacted>")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 /// 单次 Provider 调用的稳定错误。
 ///
-/// 该类型不接收原始响应正文，也不会在 `Debug` 或 `Display` 中打印上游
+/// 稳定诊断字段不接收原始响应正文，也不会在 `Debug` 或 `Display` 中打印上游
 /// code/request ID/response ID。Adapter 若捕获到可能含 secret 的上下文，只能调用
 /// [`ProviderError::redact_sensitive_context`] 丢弃正文并留下脱敏标记。
-#[derive(Clone)]
+///
+/// 唯一例外是 [`ProviderError::with_atomic_client_events`]：它只承载尚未交付客户端、
+/// 必须与本错误一起完成重试判断的协议事件。Core 会在任何持久化或日志记录前取走
+/// 这些事件，不能把它们当作诊断上下文使用。
 pub struct ProviderError {
    kind: ProviderErrorKind,
    send_state: UpstreamSendState,
    upstream_status: Option<u16>,
-    upstream_code: Option<SafeUpstreamValue>,
-    upstream_request_id: Option<SafeUpstreamValue>,
-    upstream_response_id: Option<SafeUpstreamValue>,
+    upstream_values: Option<Box<ProviderErrorUpstreamValues>>,
    retry_after: Option<Duration>,
    continuation_failure: Option<ContinuationFailure>,
    replay_safe: bool,
+    pre_delivery_retry: bool,
    credential_recovery_required: bool,
    retry_same_account: bool,
    sensitive_context_redacted: bool,
    client_visible_upstream_error: Option<Box<ClientVisibleUpstreamError>>,
+    client_visible_upstream_response: Option<Box<ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse>>,
+    atomic_client_events: Option<Box<AtomicClientEvents>>,
 }

+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+struct ProviderErrorUpstreamValues {
+    code: Option<OpaqueUpstreamValue>,
+    request_id: Option<OpaqueUpstreamValue>,
+    response_id: Option<OpaqueUpstreamValue>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct AtomicClientEvents(Vec<ProviderEvent>);
+
 impl ProviderError {
    /// 创建 Provider 错误。
    #[must_use]
@@ -294,16 +366,17 @@ impl ProviderError {
            kind,
            send_state,
            upstream_status: None,
-            upstream_code: None,
-            upstream_request_id: None,
-            upstream_response_id: None,
+            upstream_values: None,
            retry_after: None,
            continuation_failure: None,
            replay_safe: false,
+            pre_delivery_retry: false,
            credential_recovery_required: false,
            retry_same_account: false,
            sensitive_context_redacted: false,
            client_visible_upstream_error: None,
+            client_visible_upstream_response: None,
+            atomic_client_events: None,
        }
    }

@@ -318,25 +391,30 @@ impl ProviderError {

    /// 附加 adapter 已分类为安全的上游错误 code。
    #[must_use]
-    pub fn with_upstream_code(mut self, code: SafeUpstreamValue) -> Self {
-        self.upstream_code = Some(code);
+    pub fn with_upstream_code(mut self, code: OpaqueUpstreamValue) -> Self {
+        self.upstream_values_mut().code = Some(code);
        self
    }

    /// 附加 adapter 已分类为非 bearer 的上游 request ID。
    #[must_use]
-    pub fn with_upstream_request_id(mut self, request_id: SafeUpstreamValue) -> Self {
-        self.upstream_request_id = Some(request_id);
+    pub fn with_upstream_request_id(mut self, request_id: OpaqueUpstreamValue) -> Self {
+        self.upstream_values_mut().request_id = Some(request_id);
        self
    }

    /// 附加 adapter 已分类为非 bearer 的上游 response ID。
    #[must_use]
-    pub fn with_upstream_response_id(mut self, response_id: SafeUpstreamValue) -> Self {
-        self.upstream_response_id = Some(response_id);
+    pub fn with_upstream_response_id(mut self, response_id: OpaqueUpstreamValue) -> Self {
+        self.upstream_values_mut().response_id = Some(response_id);
        self
    }

+    fn upstream_values_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ProviderErrorUpstreamValues {
+        self.upstream_values
+            .get_or_insert_with(|| Box::new(ProviderErrorUpstreamValues::default()))
+    }
+
    /// 附加 Provider 建议的冷却时间。
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn with_retry_after(mut self, retry_after: Duration) -> Self {
@@ -358,6 +436,17 @@ impl ProviderError {
        self
    }

+    /// 允许 Core 仅在客户端尚未收到任何事件时执行一次受预算约束的换号恢复。
+    ///
+    /// 该标记不证明上游未执行，也不等价于 [`Self::with_replay_safe`]；它只表达
+    /// Provider 选择了“客户端无感恢复优先”的传输策略。Core 在 continuation、
+    /// 指定账号或下游已经进入提交状态时必须忽略它。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn with_pre_delivery_retry(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.pre_delivery_retry = true;
+        self
+    }
+
    /// 要求 Core 在账号凭据已恢复后仅对原账号重放一次。
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn with_same_account_retry(mut self) -> Self {
@@ -379,6 +468,27 @@ impl ProviderError {
        self
    }

+    /// 附加仅可返回给当前请求方的原始上游 HTTP 失败响应。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_client_visible_upstream_response(
+        mut self,
+        response: ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse,
+    ) -> Self {
+        self.client_visible_upstream_response = Some(Box::new(response));
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// 附加必须先由 Core 判断重试、再决定丢弃或交付的客户端协议事件。
+    ///
+    /// Provider 只能放入当前 attempt 尚未交付的事件；调用方应设置明确的有界缓冲，
+    /// 并保证失败事件本身位于这批事件的末尾。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_atomic_client_events(mut self, events: Vec<ProviderEvent>) -> Self {
+        self.atomic_client_events =
+            (!events.is_empty()).then(|| Box::new(AtomicClientEvents(events)));
+        self
+    }
+
    /// 丢弃敏感正文，只记录“发生过脱敏”这一事实。
    #[must_use]
    pub fn redact_sensitive_context(mut self, _sensitive_context: impl AsRef<str>) -> Self {
@@ -406,20 +516,26 @@ impl ProviderError {

    /// 返回安全分类的上游错误 code。
    #[must_use]
-    pub fn upstream_code(&self) -> Option<&SafeUpstreamValue> {
-        self.upstream_code.as_ref()
+    pub fn upstream_code(&self) -> Option<&OpaqueUpstreamValue> {
+        self.upstream_values
+            .as_deref()
+            .and_then(|values| values.code.as_ref())
    }

    /// 返回安全分类的上游 request ID。
    #[must_use]
-    pub fn upstream_request_id(&self) -> Option<&SafeUpstreamValue> {
-        self.upstream_request_id.as_ref()
+    pub fn upstream_request_id(&self) -> Option<&OpaqueUpstreamValue> {
+        self.upstream_values
+            .as_deref()
+            .and_then(|values| values.request_id.as_ref())
    }

    /// 返回安全分类的上游 response ID。
    #[must_use]
-    pub fn upstream_response_id(&self) -> Option<&SafeUpstreamValue> {
-        self.upstream_response_id.as_ref()
+    pub fn upstream_response_id(&self) -> Option<&OpaqueUpstreamValue> {
+        self.upstream_values
+            .as_deref()
+            .and_then(|values| values.response_id.as_ref())
    }

    /// 返回 Provider 建议的冷却时间。
@@ -440,6 +556,12 @@ impl ProviderError {
        self.replay_safe
    }

+    /// 返回 Provider 是否允许在首个客户端事件前换号恢复传输失败。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn allows_pre_delivery_retry(&self) -> bool {
+        self.pre_delivery_retry
+    }
+
    /// 返回 Provider 是否已完成凭据恢复并要求原账号重放。
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn retries_same_account(&self) -> bool {
@@ -462,6 +584,50 @@ impl ProviderError {
    pub fn client_visible_upstream_error(&self) -> Option<&ClientVisibleUpstreamError> {
        self.client_visible_upstream_error.as_deref()
    }
+
+    /// 返回只供当前协议响应使用的原始上游 HTTP 失败响应。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn client_visible_upstream_response(&self) -> Option<&ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse> {
+        self.client_visible_upstream_response.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    /// 取走只供本次重试/提交决策使用的原子客户端事件。
+    ///
+    /// Core 必须在克隆错误、记录中间失败或构造终态前调用本方法，避免原始 wire
+    /// 进入诊断或持久化对象。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn take_atomic_client_events(&mut self) -> Vec<ProviderEvent> {
+        self.atomic_client_events
+            .take()
+            .map_or_else(Vec::new, |events| events.0)
+    }
+
+    /// 返回是否携带尚未提交的原子客户端事件；不暴露事件内容。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn has_atomic_client_events(&self) -> bool {
+        self.atomic_client_events.is_some()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for ProviderError {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind: self.kind,
+            send_state: self.send_state,
+            upstream_status: self.upstream_status,
+            upstream_values: self.upstream_values.clone(),
+            retry_after: self.retry_after,
+            continuation_failure: self.continuation_failure,
+            replay_safe: self.replay_safe,
+            pre_delivery_retry: self.pre_delivery_retry,
+            credential_recovery_required: self.credential_recovery_required,
+            retry_same_account: self.retry_same_account,
+            sensitive_context_redacted: self.sensitive_context_redacted,
+            client_visible_upstream_error: self.client_visible_upstream_error.clone(),
+            client_visible_upstream_response: None,
+            atomic_client_events: None,
+        }
+    }
 }

 impl fmt::Debug for ProviderError {
@@ -473,25 +639,20 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ProviderError {
            .field("upstream_status", &self.upstream_status)
            .field(
                "upstream_code",
-                &self.upstream_code.as_ref().map(|_| "<classified-safe>"),
+                &self.upstream_code().map(|_| "<classified-safe>"),
            )
            .field(
                "upstream_request_id",
-                &self
-                    .upstream_request_id
-                    .as_ref()
-                    .map(|_| "<classified-safe>"),
+                &self.upstream_request_id().map(|_| "<classified-safe>"),
            )
            .field(
                "upstream_response_id",
-                &self
-                    .upstream_response_id
-                    .as_ref()
-                    .map(|_| "<classified-safe>"),
+                &self.upstream_response_id().map(|_| "<classified-safe>"),
            )
            .field("retry_after", &self.retry_after)
            .field("continuation_failure", &self.continuation_failure)
            .field("replay_safe", &self.replay_safe)
+            .field("pre_delivery_retry", &self.pre_delivery_retry)
            .field(
                "credential_recovery_required",
                &self.credential_recovery_required,
@@ -508,6 +669,20 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ProviderError {
                    .as_ref()
                    .map(|_| "<present>"),
            )
+            .field(
+                "client_visible_upstream_response",
+                &self
+                    .client_visible_upstream_response
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .map(|_| "<present>"),
+            )
+            .field(
+                "atomic_client_events",
+                &self
+                    .atomic_client_events
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .map_or(0, |events| events.0.len()),
+            )
            .finish()
    }
 }
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use thiserror::Error;

 use crate::accounting::{CalculatedCost, ProviderReportedCost, Usage};
 use crate::engine::provider::UpstreamTransport;
-use crate::error::{IdentifierError, SafeUpstreamValue, validate_text};
+use crate::error::{IdentifierError, OpaqueUpstreamValue, validate_text};
 use crate::operation::ProviderSessionState;

 /// 一次响应的稳定元数据。
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ impl ProtocolWireEvent {
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
-    /// 协议名或显式事件名为空、过长或含控制字符时返回错误。
+    /// 协议名不满足内部路由标识约束时返回错误。上游事件名保持不透明。
    pub fn json(
        protocol: impl Into<String>,
        event_type: Option<String>,
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ impl ProtocolWireEvent {
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
-    /// 协议名、显式事件名或 SSE ID 不满足 wire 安全约束时返回错误。
+    /// 协议名不满足内部路由标识约束时返回错误。SSE 元数据保持不透明。
    pub fn json_with_sse_metadata(
        protocol: impl Into<String>,
        event_type: Option<String>,
@@ -222,15 +222,6 @@ impl ProtocolWireEvent {
    ) -> Result<Self, IdentifierError> {
        let protocol = protocol.into();
        validate_text(&protocol, 64, true, None)?;
-        if let Some(event_type) = event_type.as_deref() {
-            validate_text(event_type, 256, true, None)?;
-        }
-        if sse_id
-            .as_deref()
-            .is_some_and(|id| id.contains(['\0', '\r', '\n']))
-        {
-            return Err(IdentifierError::ControlCharacter);
-        }
        Ok(Self {
            protocol,
            event_type,
@@ -440,24 +431,21 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ProviderResponseMetadata {
    }
 }

-/// Provider 已筛选、可由协议 adapter 再次按白名单表达的响应头。
+/// Provider 已筛选、可由协议 adapter 尝试表达的不透明响应头。
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ProviderResponseHeader {
    name: String,
-    value: SafeUpstreamValue,
+    value: Bytes,
 }

 impl ProviderResponseHeader {
-    /// 创建规范化的小写响应头；非 ASCII token 名称直接拒绝。
+    /// 保存 Provider 交付的原始名称和值；HTTP 可表达性由最终 adapter 判断。
    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new(name: impl Into<String>, value: SafeUpstreamValue) -> Option<Self> {
-        let name = name.into().trim().to_ascii_lowercase();
-        let valid = !name.is_empty()
-            && name.len() <= 64
-            && name
-                .bytes()
-                .all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_lowercase() || byte.is_ascii_digit() || byte == b'-');
-        valid.then_some(Self { name, value })
+    pub fn new(name: impl Into<String>, value: Bytes) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name: name.into(),
+            value,
+        }
    }

    #[must_use]
@@ -466,7 +454,7 @@ impl ProviderResponseHeader {
    }

    #[must_use]
-    pub const fn value(&self) -> &SafeUpstreamValue {
+    pub const fn value(&self) -> &Bytes {
        &self.value
    }
 }
@@ -475,7 +463,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ProviderResponseHeader {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        formatter
            .debug_struct("ProviderResponseHeader")
-            .field("name", &self.name)
+            .field("name", &"<redacted>")
            .field("value", &"<redacted>")
            .finish()
    }
@@ -488,7 +476,8 @@ pub struct ProviderResponseObservation {
    http_version: Option<UpstreamHttpVersion>,
    websocket_pool: Option<WebSocketPoolKind>,
    status_code: Option<u16>,
-    request_id: Option<SafeUpstreamValue>,
+    request_id: Option<OpaqueUpstreamValue>,
+    service_tier: Option<String>,
    timings: ProviderResponseTimings,
    client_headers: Vec<ProviderResponseHeader>,
    provider_metadata: Option<ProviderResponseMetadata>,
@@ -503,6 +492,7 @@ impl ProviderResponseObservation {
            websocket_pool: None,
            status_code: None,
            request_id: None,
+            service_tier: None,
            timings: ProviderResponseTimings::default(),
            client_headers: Vec::new(),
            provider_metadata: None,
@@ -528,11 +518,36 @@ impl ProviderResponseObservation {
    }

    #[must_use]
-    pub fn with_request_id(mut self, request_id: SafeUpstreamValue) -> Self {
+    pub fn with_request_id(mut self, request_id: OpaqueUpstreamValue) -> Self {
        self.request_id = Some(request_id);
        self
    }

+    /// 附加 Provider 在响应中确认的服务档位。
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// 档位为空、超过 64 字节或包含控制字符时返回错误。
+    pub fn try_with_service_tier(
+        mut self,
+        service_tier: impl Into<String>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, IdentifierError> {
+        let service_tier = service_tier.into();
+        validate_text(&service_tier, 64, false, None)?;
+        self.service_tier = Some(service_tier);
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+
+    /// 附加合法服务档位；不适合持久化的上游观测值会被忽略。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_service_tier_if_valid(mut self, service_tier: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        let service_tier = service_tier.into();
+        if validate_text(&service_tier, 64, false, None).is_ok() {
+            self.service_tier = Some(service_tier);
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn with_timings(mut self, timings: ProviderResponseTimings) -> Self {
        self.timings = timings;
@@ -573,10 +588,15 @@ impl ProviderResponseObservation {
    }

    #[must_use]
-    pub const fn request_id(&self) -> Option<&SafeUpstreamValue> {
+    pub const fn request_id(&self) -> Option<&OpaqueUpstreamValue> {
        self.request_id.as_ref()
    }

+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn service_tier(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.service_tier.as_deref()
+    }
+
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn timings(&self) -> ProviderResponseTimings {
        self.timings
@@ -715,12 +735,6 @@ impl ProviderEvent {
        &self.canonical
    }

-    /// 返回 Core 可改写客户端响应身份的全部 facts。
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn canonical_facts_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [GatewayEvent] {
-        &mut self.canonical
-    }
-
    /// 返回协议原生表达。
    #[must_use]
    pub fn wire_event(&self) -> Option<&ProtocolWireEvent> {
@@ -756,18 +770,6 @@ impl ProviderEvent {
    pub fn has_client_event(&self) -> bool {
        !self.canonical.is_empty() || self.wire.is_some()
    }
-
-    /// 返回是否包含足以冻结下游 commit barrier 的 canonical fact。
-    ///
-    /// 单独的 wire event 不能冻结边界：协议层在看到 `Started`
-    /// 携带的网关响应身份前无法安全编码它。Core 会保留这些
-    /// 事件，直到首个 canonical 可见增量或终态再一并交付。
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn is_commit_significant(&self) -> bool {
-        self.canonical
-            .iter()
-            .any(GatewayEvent::is_commit_significant)
-    }
 }

 impl From<GatewayEvent> for ProviderEvent {
@@ -776,23 +778,6 @@ impl From<GatewayEvent> for ProviderEvent {
    }
 }

-impl GatewayEvent {
-    /// 返回该 fact 是否足以冻结下游 commit barrier。
-    ///
-    /// 生命周期、结构与结算 facts 可以在换号前安全丢弃；首个可见增量或
-    /// Provider 正常终态才会使客户端输出不可撤回。
-    #[must_use]
-    pub const fn is_commit_significant(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            self,
-            Self::TextDelta(_)
-                | Self::ReasoningDelta(_)
-                | Self::ToolCallDelta(_)
-                | Self::Completed(_)
-        )
-    }
-}
-
 /// Canonical event 顺序错误。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Error)]
 pub enum EventSequenceError {
@@ -269,10 +269,15 @@ impl GenerateRequest {
    /// 附着同一客户端连接上一轮由 Provider 返回的不透明状态。
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_provider_session_state(mut self, state: ProviderSessionState) -> Self {
-        Arc::make_mut(&mut self.payload).provider_session_state = Some(state);
+        self.set_provider_session_state(state);
        self
    }

+    /// 原地附着会话状态；payload 独占时不复制正文。
+    pub fn set_provider_session_state(&mut self, state: ProviderSessionState) {
+        Arc::make_mut(&mut self.payload).provider_session_state = Some(state);
+    }
+
    /// 返回最大输出 token 数。
    #[must_use]
    pub fn max_output_tokens(&self) -> Option<u64> {
@@ -297,7 +302,7 @@ impl GenerateRequest {
        self.body()
            .get("previous_response_id")
            .and_then(Value::as_str)
-            .is_some_and(|response_id| !response_id.is_empty())
+            .is_some()
    }

    /// 返回客户端是否请求了图片生成工具。
@@ -597,6 +602,13 @@ impl Operation {
        }
    }

+    /// 原地附着 Provider 私有状态；payload 独占时不复制正文。
+    pub fn set_provider_session_state(&mut self, state: ProviderSessionState) {
+        if let Self::Generate(request) = self {
+            request.set_provider_session_state(state);
+        }
+    }
+
    /// 返回稳定 operation 分类。
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn kind(&self) -> OperationKind {
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use crate::engine::credential::{
    OpaqueProviderData, ProviderAccountId, ProviderAccountStore,
 };
 use crate::error::{IdentifierError, validate_text};
-use crate::routing::ProviderKind;
+use crate::routing::{ProviderKind, UpstreamModelId};

 const MAX_PENDING_FLOW_TTL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30 * 60);

@@ -474,9 +474,22 @@ pub trait ProviderCredentialStatePort: Send + Sync {
        &'a self,
        account_id: &'a ProviderAccountId,
    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<bool, ProviderStoreError>>;
+
+    /// 记录一次瞬态刷新失败并返回窗口内累计失败次数；每次失败刷新 TTL。
+    fn record_refresh_backoff<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        account_id: &'a ProviderAccountId,
+        window: Duration,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<u32, ProviderStoreError>>;
+
+    /// 凭据完整成功轮换后清零失败计数，退避窗口重新从 base 起步。
+    fn clear_refresh_backoff<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        account_id: &'a ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<(), ProviderStoreError>>;
 }

-/// 临时 cooldown 只保存调度截止时间；原因事实仍由 PostgreSQL 账号状态持有。
+/// 临时 cooldown 只保存可丢失的调度截止时间，不进入账号持久状态。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ProviderCooldown {
    account_id: ProviderAccountId,
@@ -514,6 +527,80 @@ impl ProviderCooldown {
    }
 }

+/// 可丢失 cooldown 的细粒度作用域。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum ProviderCooldownScope {
+    /// 只阻止同一账号调用指定上游模型。
+    UpstreamModel(UpstreamModelId),
+}
+
+impl ProviderCooldownScope {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn upstream_model(model: UpstreamModelId) -> Self {
+        Self::UpstreamModel(model)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn kind(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::UpstreamModel(_) => "model",
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn value(&self) -> &str {
+        match self {
+            Self::UpstreamModel(model) => model.as_str(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 不进入账号持久状态的账号+作用域 cooldown。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ProviderScopedCooldown {
+    account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+    credential_revision: CredentialRevision,
+    scope: ProviderCooldownScope,
+    until: SystemTime,
+}
+
+impl ProviderScopedCooldown {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(
+        account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+        credential_revision: CredentialRevision,
+        scope: ProviderCooldownScope,
+        until: SystemTime,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            account_id,
+            credential_revision,
+            scope,
+            until,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn account_id(&self) -> &ProviderAccountId {
+        &self.account_id
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn credential_revision(&self) -> CredentialRevision {
+        self.credential_revision
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn scope(&self) -> &ProviderCooldownScope {
+        &self.scope
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn until(&self) -> SystemTime {
+        self.until
+    }
+}
+
 pub trait ProviderCooldownPort: Send + Sync {
    fn put_if_later(
        &self,
@@ -530,6 +617,24 @@ pub trait ProviderCooldownPort: Send + Sync {
        account_id: &'a ProviderAccountId,
        through_revision: CredentialRevision,
    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<bool, ProviderStoreError>>;
+
+    fn put_scoped_if_later(
+        &self,
+        cooldown: ProviderScopedCooldown,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<bool, ProviderStoreError>>;
+
+    fn read_scoped<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        account_id: &'a ProviderAccountId,
+        scope: &'a ProviderCooldownScope,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<Option<ProviderScopedCooldown>, ProviderStoreError>>;
+
+    fn clear_scoped<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        account_id: &'a ProviderAccountId,
+        scope: &'a ProviderCooldownScope,
+        through_revision: CredentialRevision,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<bool, ProviderStoreError>>;
 }

 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -562,36 +667,52 @@ impl ProviderRefreshPolicy {
        self.concurrency
    }

-    /// 按账号稳定扰动刷新提前量；相同账号与过期时间跨进程得到同一执行时刻。
+    /// 按配置的精确提前量计算刷新时刻。
    pub fn next_attempt_at(
        self,
-        account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+        _account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
        access_token_expires_at: SystemTime,
        observed_at: SystemTime,
    ) -> Result<SystemTime, ProviderStoreError> {
        let remaining = access_token_expires_at
            .duration_since(observed_at)
            .map_err(|_| invalid_refresh_policy("schedule expired access token"))?;
-        let base_margin_seconds = self.margin.as_secs();
-        if base_margin_seconds == 0 {
+        if self.margin >= remaining {
            return Ok(observed_at);
        }
-
-        let factor = stable_factor(account_id.as_str(), "normal", 850, 1_150);
-        let jittered_seconds = base_margin_seconds
-            .saturating_mul(u64::from(factor))
-            .saturating_add(500)
-            / 1_000;
-        if jittered_seconds >= remaining.as_secs() {
-            return Ok(observed_at);
-        }
-        let lead = jittered_seconds.max(1);
        access_token_expires_at
-            .checked_sub(Duration::from_secs(lead))
+            .checked_sub(self.margin)
            .ok_or_else(|| invalid_refresh_policy("schedule access token refresh"))
    }
 }

+/// 指数退避基准延迟；attempt=1 即为该值。
+const REFRESH_BACKOFF_BASE_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
+/// 每多一次连续失败，基准延迟乘以该因子。
+const REFRESH_BACKOFF_FACTOR: u32 = 3;
+/// 退避延迟上限，避免连续失败时无限增长。
+const REFRESH_BACKOFF_CAP: Duration = Duration::from_secs(300);
+
+/// 基于连续失败计数的指数退避重试时刻；复用 `provider_refresh_retry_at` 的稳定扰动。
+///
+/// `attempt` 为窗口内累计失败次数（0 与 1 等价，均取基准延迟）。延迟按
+/// `base * factor^(attempt-1)` 增长并封顶到 `REFRESH_BACKOFF_CAP`。
+pub fn provider_refresh_backoff_at(
+    account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+    observed_at: SystemTime,
+    attempt: u32,
+    reason: &'static str,
+) -> Result<SystemTime, ProviderStoreError> {
+    let exponent = attempt.saturating_sub(1);
+    let multiplier = REFRESH_BACKOFF_FACTOR.saturating_pow(exponent);
+    let scaled_seconds = REFRESH_BACKOFF_BASE_DELAY
+        .as_secs()
+        .saturating_mul(u64::from(multiplier))
+        .min(REFRESH_BACKOFF_CAP.as_secs());
+    let base_delay = Duration::from_secs(scaled_seconds);
+    provider_refresh_retry_at(account_id, observed_at, base_delay, reason)
+}
+
 /// 临时失败后的持久重试时刻；稳定扰动避免多实例同频重试。
 pub fn provider_refresh_retry_at(
    account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
@@ -738,35 +859,75 @@ pub enum OAuthPendingPutOutcome {
    AlreadyExists,
 }

+/// OAuth 回调处理取得临时 flow 的独占权结果。
+///
+/// 与一次性消费不同，Provider 在上游换取令牌失败时可以释放 claim，让同一 flow
+/// 使用新的回调地址重试；只有完整校验成功后才会消费 flow。
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub enum OAuthPendingTakeOutcome {
-    Taken(OpaqueProviderData),
+pub enum OAuthPendingClaimOutcome {
+    Claimed(OpaqueProviderData),
    NotFound,
    OwnerMismatch,
+    InProgress,
 }

-impl fmt::Debug for OAuthPendingTakeOutcome {
+impl fmt::Debug for OAuthPendingClaimOutcome {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
-            Self::Taken(_) => formatter.write_str("Taken([PROVIDER-OWNED])"),
+            Self::Claimed(_) => formatter.write_str("Claimed([PROVIDER-OWNED])"),
            Self::NotFound => formatter.write_str("NotFound"),
            Self::OwnerMismatch => formatter.write_str("OwnerMismatch"),
+            Self::InProgress => formatter.write_str("InProgress"),
        }
    }
 }

+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum OAuthPendingReleaseOutcome {
+    Released,
+    NotFound,
+    OwnerMismatch,
+    ClaimMismatch,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum OAuthPendingConsumeOutcome {
+    Consumed,
+    NotFound,
+    OwnerMismatch,
+    ClaimMismatch,
+}
+
 pub trait OAuthPendingFlowPort: Send + Sync {
    fn put_if_absent(
        &self,
        flow: NewOAuthPendingFlow,
    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<OAuthPendingPutOutcome, ProviderStoreError>>;

-    fn take_if_owner<'a>(
+    fn claim_if_owner<'a>(
        &'a self,
        provider_kind: &'a ProviderKind,
        flow: &'a OAuthPendingBinding,
        owner: &'a OAuthPendingBinding,
-    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<OAuthPendingTakeOutcome, ProviderStoreError>>;
+        claim: &'a OAuthPendingBinding,
+        claim_ttl: Duration,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<OAuthPendingClaimOutcome, ProviderStoreError>>;
+
+    fn release_claim<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        provider_kind: &'a ProviderKind,
+        flow: &'a OAuthPendingBinding,
+        owner: &'a OAuthPendingBinding,
+        claim: &'a OAuthPendingBinding,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<OAuthPendingReleaseOutcome, ProviderStoreError>>;
+
+    fn consume_claim<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        provider_kind: &'a ProviderKind,
+        flow: &'a OAuthPendingBinding,
+        owner: &'a OAuthPendingBinding,
+        claim: &'a OAuthPendingBinding,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<OAuthPendingConsumeOutcome, ProviderStoreError>>;
 }

 /// Provider 只能按能力取用端口，无法取得 Redis client 或 repository 集合。
@@ -89,6 +89,18 @@ impl UpstreamModelId {
        Ok(Self(value))
    }

+    /// 从未命中显式映射的客户端模型名构造同名上游模型。
+    ///
+    /// 目录和配置仍使用 [`Self::new`] 的内部标识约束；客户端 wire 只要求非空，
+    /// 具体模型字符串是否可用由绑定 Provider 决定。
+    pub fn from_client_wire(value: impl Into<String>) -> Result<Self, IdentifierError> {
+        let value = value.into();
+        if value.is_empty() {
+            return Err(IdentifierError::Empty);
+        }
+        Ok(Self(value))
+    }
+
    #[must_use]
    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
        &self.0
@@ -136,6 +148,240 @@ pub struct ModelCapabilities {
    upstream_validates_features: bool,
 }

+/// Provider 为客户端模型目录提供的展示与交互能力。
+///
+/// 该值不参与路由，也不把任一 Provider 的 wire 类型带入 Core。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ModelPresentation {
+    display_name: Option<String>,
+    description: Option<String>,
+    default_reasoning_effort: Option<String>,
+    supported_reasoning_efforts: Vec<String>,
+    context_window_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    image_input: bool,
+    agent_tools: bool,
+    parallel_tool_calls: bool,
+    search_tool: bool,
+    image_detail_original: bool,
+    verbosity: bool,
+    service_tiers: Vec<ModelServiceTier>,
+    hidden: bool,
+}
+
+/// Provider 声明给 Codex 客户端的服务档位。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ModelServiceTier {
+    id: String,
+    name: String,
+    description: String,
+    speed_tier: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl ModelServiceTier {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        id: impl Into<String>,
+        name: impl Into<String>,
+        description: impl Into<String>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: id.into(),
+            name: name.into(),
+            description: description.into(),
+            speed_tier: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_speed_tier(mut self, speed_tier: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        self.speed_tier = Some(speed_tier.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn id(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.id
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn description(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.description
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn speed_tier(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.speed_tier.as_deref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ModelPresentation {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(display_name: Option<String>, description: Option<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            display_name,
+            description,
+            ..Self::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_reasoning(
+        mut self,
+        default_effort: Option<String>,
+        supported_efforts: Vec<String>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        self.default_reasoning_effort = default_effort;
+        self.supported_reasoning_efforts = supported_efforts;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn with_context_window_tokens(mut self, context_window_tokens: Option<u64>) -> Self {
+        self.context_window_tokens = context_window_tokens;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn with_image_input(mut self, image_input: bool) -> Self {
+        self.image_input = image_input;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn with_agent_tools(mut self, agent_tools: bool, parallel_tool_calls: bool) -> Self {
+        self.agent_tools = agent_tools;
+        self.parallel_tool_calls = parallel_tool_calls;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn with_search_tool(mut self, search_tool: bool) -> Self {
+        self.search_tool = search_tool;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn with_image_detail_original(mut self, image_detail_original: bool) -> Self {
+        self.image_detail_original = image_detail_original;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn with_verbosity(mut self, verbosity: bool) -> Self {
+        self.verbosity = verbosity;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_service_tiers(mut self, service_tiers: Vec<ModelServiceTier>) -> Self {
+        self.service_tiers = service_tiers;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn with_hidden(mut self, hidden: bool) -> Self {
+        self.hidden = hidden;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn display_name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.display_name.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn description(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.description.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn default_reasoning_effort(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.default_reasoning_effort.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn supported_reasoning_efforts(&self) -> &[String] {
+        &self.supported_reasoning_efforts
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn context_window_tokens(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+        self.context_window_tokens
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn image_input(&self) -> bool {
+        self.image_input
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn agent_tools(&self) -> bool {
+        self.agent_tools
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn parallel_tool_calls(&self) -> bool {
+        self.parallel_tool_calls
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn search_tool(&self) -> bool {
+        self.search_tool
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn image_detail_original(&self) -> bool {
+        self.image_detail_original
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn verbosity(&self) -> bool {
+        self.verbosity
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn service_tiers(&self) -> &[ModelServiceTier] {
+        &self.service_tiers
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn hidden(&self) -> bool {
+        self.hidden
+    }
+}
+
+/// 一个公开模型及其 Provider 编译后的客户端画像。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct PublicModelProfile {
+    model: PublicModelId,
+    presentation: ModelPresentation,
+}
+
+impl PublicModelProfile {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(model: PublicModelId, presentation: ModelPresentation) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            model,
+            presentation,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn model(&self) -> &PublicModelId {
+        &self.model
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn presentation(&self) -> &ModelPresentation {
+        &self.presentation
+    }
+}
+
 impl ModelCapabilities {
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new(operations: BTreeSet<OperationKind>, max_output_tokens: Option<u64>) -> Self {
@@ -205,6 +451,7 @@ pub struct ProviderModel {
    provider: ProviderKind,
    upstream_model: UpstreamModelId,
    capabilities: ModelCapabilities,
+    presentation: Option<ModelPresentation>,
 }

 impl ProviderModel {
@@ -218,9 +465,16 @@ impl ProviderModel {
            provider,
            upstream_model,
            capabilities,
+            presentation: None,
        }
    }

+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_presentation(mut self, presentation: ModelPresentation) -> Self {
+        self.presentation = Some(presentation);
+        self
+    }
+
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn provider(&self) -> &ProviderKind {
        &self.provider
@@ -230,6 +484,11 @@ impl ProviderModel {
    pub const fn upstream_model(&self) -> &UpstreamModelId {
        &self.upstream_model
    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn presentation(&self) -> Option<&ModelPresentation> {
+        self.presentation.as_ref()
+    }
 }

 /// 本次请求选择 Provider 时使用的动态过滤事实。
@@ -231,11 +231,15 @@ async fn compile_runtime_snapshot(
            continue;
        };
        provider_models.extend(models.into_iter().map(|model| {
-            ProviderModel::new(
+            let compiled = ProviderModel::new(
                provider.clone(),
                model.upstream_model().clone(),
                model.capabilities().clone(),
-            )
+            );
+            match model.presentation().cloned() {
+                Some(presentation) => compiled.with_presentation(presentation),
+                None => compiled,
+            }
        }));
    }

@@ -287,6 +291,8 @@ pub struct RuntimeSnapshot {
    account_selection_policy: AccountSelectionPolicy,
    providers: Arc<BTreeSet<ProviderKind>>,
    provider_models: Arc<BTreeMap<ProviderKind, BTreeMap<UpstreamModelId, ModelCapabilities>>>,
+    provider_model_presentations:
+        Arc<BTreeMap<ProviderKind, BTreeMap<UpstreamModelId, super::ModelPresentation>>>,
    model_mappings: Arc<BTreeMap<String, String>>,
    provider_catalog_generations: Arc<BTreeMap<ProviderKind, ProviderCatalogGeneration>>,
    client_policies: Arc<BTreeMap<ClientApiKeyId, ClientPolicy>>,
@@ -313,17 +319,24 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {

        let mut model_map =
            BTreeMap::<ProviderKind, BTreeMap<UpstreamModelId, ModelCapabilities>>::new();
+        let mut presentation_map =
+            BTreeMap::<ProviderKind, BTreeMap<UpstreamModelId, super::ModelPresentation>>::new();
        for model in provider_models {
-            if !provider_set.contains(model.provider()) {
+            let ProviderModel {
+                provider,
+                upstream_model,
+                capabilities,
+                presentation,
+            } = model;
+            if !provider_set.contains(&provider) {
                return Err(RoutingError::NotFound {
                    entity: "provider",
-                    id: model.provider().to_string(),
+                    id: provider.to_string(),
                });
            }
-            let models = model_map.entry(model.provider).or_default();
-            let upstream_model = model.upstream_model;
+            let models = model_map.entry(provider.clone()).or_default();
            if models
-                .insert(upstream_model.clone(), model.capabilities)
+                .insert(upstream_model.clone(), capabilities)
                .is_some()
            {
                return Err(RoutingError::DuplicateEntity {
@@ -331,6 +344,12 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {
                    id: upstream_model.to_string(),
                });
            }
+            if let Some(presentation) = presentation {
+                presentation_map
+                    .entry(provider)
+                    .or_default()
+                    .insert(upstream_model, presentation);
+            }
        }

        let mut client_policy_map = BTreeMap::new();
@@ -350,6 +369,7 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {
            account_selection_policy,
            providers: Arc::new(provider_set),
            provider_models: Arc::new(model_map),
+            provider_model_presentations: Arc::new(presentation_map),
            model_mappings: Arc::new(BTreeMap::new()),
            provider_catalog_generations: Arc::new(BTreeMap::new()),
            client_policies: Arc::new(client_policy_map),
@@ -402,6 +422,38 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {
        models.into_iter().collect()
    }

+    /// 返回 Provider 已明确声明画像的公开模型；没有画像时不猜测 Provider 语义。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn public_model_profiles_for_provider(
+        &self,
+        provider: &ProviderKind,
+    ) -> Vec<super::PublicModelProfile> {
+        let Some(presentations) = self.provider_model_presentations.get(provider) else {
+            return Vec::new();
+        };
+        let mut profiles = BTreeMap::new();
+        for (model, presentation) in presentations {
+            if let Ok(public_model) = PublicModelId::new(model.as_str().to_owned()) {
+                profiles.insert(public_model, presentation.clone());
+            }
+        }
+        for alias in self.model_mappings.keys() {
+            let target = self.mapped_model(alias);
+            let Some(presentation) = presentations.iter().find_map(|(model, presentation)| {
+                (model.as_str() == target).then_some(presentation)
+            }) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            if let Ok(public_model) = PublicModelId::new(alias.clone()) {
+                profiles.insert(public_model, presentation.clone());
+            }
+        }
+        profiles
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(model, presentation)| super::PublicModelProfile::new(model, presentation))
+            .collect()
+    }
+
    #[must_use]
    pub fn public_models(&self) -> Vec<PublicModelId> {
        self.providers
@@ -436,15 +488,11 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {

    #[must_use]
    pub fn mapped_model(&self, requested: &str) -> String {
-        let original = requested.trim();
+        let original = requested;
        let mut current = original.to_owned();
        let mut seen = BTreeSet::new();
        for _ in 0..20 {
-            let Some(target) = self
-                .model_mappings
-                .get(&current)
-                .map(|target| target.trim())
-            else {
+            let Some(target) = self.model_mappings.get(&current).map(String::as_str) else {
                return current;
            };
            if !seen.insert(current.clone()) || seen.contains(target) {
@@ -477,8 +525,14 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {
            {
                continue;
            }
-            let upstream_model = UpstreamModelId::new(self.mapped_model(public_model.as_str()))
-                .map_err(|_| RoutingError::InvalidIdentifier)?;
+            let requested_model = public_model.as_str();
+            let mapped_model = self.mapped_model(requested_model);
+            let upstream_model = if self.model_mappings.contains_key(requested_model) {
+                UpstreamModelId::new(mapped_model)
+            } else {
+                UpstreamModelId::from_client_wire(mapped_model)
+            }
+            .map_err(|_| RoutingError::InvalidIdentifier)?;
            let emulated_features = match self
                .provider_models
                .get(provider)
@@ -2,13 +2,12 @@ use gateway_core::engine::continuation::{
    ContinuationBinding, NativeContinuationPin, PreviousResponseId,
 };
 use gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId;
-use gateway_core::error::SafeUpstreamValue;
 use gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind;

 fn pin() -> NativeContinuationPin {
    NativeContinuationPin::new(
-        PreviousResponseId::new("response-private").expect("valid response"),
-        SafeUpstreamValue::new("upstream-private").expect("valid upstream response"),
+        PreviousResponseId::new("response-private"),
+        PreviousResponseId::new("upstream-private"),
        ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("valid provider"),
        ProviderAccountId::new("acct_codex").expect("valid account"),
    )
@@ -23,13 +22,20 @@ fn native_pin_debug_should_redact_previous_response_id() {

 #[test]
 fn external_binding_debug_should_redact_previous_response_id() {
-    let binding = ContinuationBinding::External(
-        PreviousResponseId::new("external-private").expect("valid response"),
-    );
+    let binding = ContinuationBinding::External(PreviousResponseId::new("external-private"));

    assert!(!format!("{binding:?}").contains("external-private"));
 }

+#[test]
+fn opaque_response_id_preserves_any_codex_string_without_debug_disclosure() {
+    let value = format!("resp_{}\0opaque", "x".repeat(257));
+    let response_id = PreviousResponseId::new(value.clone());
+
+    assert_eq!(response_id.as_str(), value);
+    assert!(!format!("{response_id:?}").contains(&value));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn native_pin_should_reject_different_account() {
    assert!(!pin().matches(
@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@ use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
 use serde_json::{Map, Value};

 use gateway_core::engine::credential::{
-    AccountAttemptFeedback, AccountAvailability, AccountCandidate, AccountFeedbackStats,
-    AccountQuotaSignals, AccountRuntimeSignals, AccountSelectionContext, AccountSelectionPolicy,
-    AccountSelector, CredentialCasUpdate, CredentialRevision, OpaqueProviderData,
-    PlaintextCredential, ProviderAccount, ProviderAccountId, ProviderAccountUpdate,
+    AccountAttemptFeedback, AccountAvailability, AccountAvailabilityPolicy, AccountCandidate,
+    AccountFeedbackStats, AccountQuotaSignals, AccountRuntimeSignals, AccountSchedulingBlocker,
+    AccountSelectionContext, AccountSelectionPolicy, AccountSelector, CredentialCasUpdate,
+    CredentialRevision, OpaqueProviderData, PlaintextCredential, PreferredAccountSelection,
+    ProviderAccount, ProviderAccountId, ProviderAccountIdentity, ProviderAccountUpdate,
    RotationStrategy,
 };
 use gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind;
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ fn context(strategy: RotationStrategy) -> AccountSelectionContext {
        excluded_accounts: BTreeSet::new(),
        preferred_account: None,
        round_robin_cursor: 0,
+        availability: AccountAvailabilityPolicy::Enforce,
    }
 }

@@ -72,6 +74,18 @@ fn opaque_provider_data_should_not_expose_quota_values_in_debug() {
    assert!(!format!("{quota:?}").contains("private-window"));
 }

+#[test]
+fn provider_account_identity_debug_should_redact_upstream_ids() {
+    let identity = ProviderAccountIdentity::new(
+        "private-user-id".to_owned(),
+        Some("private-account-id".to_owned()),
+    );
+    let debug = format!("{identity:?}");
+
+    assert!(!debug.contains("private-user-id"));
+    assert!(!debug.contains("private-account-id"));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn availability_should_round_trip_all_database_values() {
    assert_eq!(
@@ -80,6 +94,55 @@ fn availability_should_round_trip_all_database_values() {
    );
 }

+#[test]
+fn diagnostic_selection_bypasses_all_local_account_availability() {
+    let exhausted = AccountCandidate {
+        account: account("acct_exhausted").with_runtime_state(
+            true,
+            AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted,
+            None,
+        ),
+        signals: AccountRuntimeSignals {
+            in_flight: 0,
+            last_started_at: None,
+            quota_reset_at: None,
+            quota_remaining_rank: None,
+            failure_rate_basis_points: None,
+            first_output_latency_ms: None,
+        },
+    };
+    let disabled = AccountCandidate {
+        account: account("acct_disabled").with_runtime_state(
+            false,
+            AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted,
+            None,
+        ),
+        signals: AccountRuntimeSignals {
+            in_flight: 0,
+            last_started_at: None,
+            quota_reset_at: None,
+            quota_remaining_rank: None,
+            failure_rate_basis_points: None,
+            first_output_latency_ms: None,
+        },
+    };
+    let mut context = context(RotationStrategy::Sticky);
+    context.availability = AccountAvailabilityPolicy::BypassForDiagnostic;
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        AccountSelector
+            .select(std::slice::from_ref(&exhausted), &context)
+            .map(|selection| selection.candidate().account.id()),
+        Some(exhausted.account.id())
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        AccountSelector
+            .select(std::slice::from_ref(&disabled), &context)
+            .map(|selection| selection.candidate().account.id()),
+        Some(disabled.account.id())
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn disabled_account_should_not_be_schedulable() {
    let account =
@@ -119,7 +182,7 @@ fn smart_selector_should_prefer_lower_inflight_count() {
        .select(&candidates, &context(RotationStrategy::Smart))
        .expect("candidate available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_idle");
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_idle");
 }

 #[test]
@@ -136,15 +199,13 @@ fn smart_selector_should_balance_signals_instead_of_using_lexicographic_load() {
        .select(&candidates, &context(RotationStrategy::Smart))
        .expect("candidate available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_healthy");
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_healthy");
 }

 #[test]
-fn smart_selector_should_keep_healthy_preferred_account_at_escape_boundary() {
+fn smart_selector_should_report_a_schedulable_preferred_account_hit() {
    let fallback = candidate("acct_fallback", 0, Some(100));
-    let mut preferred = candidate("acct_preferred", 0, Some(1));
-    preferred.signals.failure_rate_basis_points = Some(5_000);
-    preferred.signals.first_output_latency_ms = Some(15_000);
+    let preferred = candidate("acct_preferred", 0, Some(1));
    let preferred_id = preferred.account.id().clone();
    let mut selection = context(RotationStrategy::Smart);
    selection.preferred_account = Some(preferred_id);
@@ -154,16 +215,22 @@ fn smart_selector_should_keep_healthy_preferred_account_at_escape_boundary() {
        .select(&candidates, &selection)
        .expect("candidate available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_preferred");
+    assert_eq!(
+        (
+            selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(),
+            selected.preferred(),
+        ),
+        ("acct_preferred", PreferredAccountSelection::Hit)
+    );
 }

 #[test]
-fn smart_selector_should_escape_preferred_account_after_failure_threshold() {
+fn smart_selector_should_keep_preferred_account_despite_failure_signals() {
    let mut fallback = candidate("acct_fallback", 0, Some(100));
    fallback.signals.failure_rate_basis_points = Some(0);
    fallback.signals.first_output_latency_ms = Some(100);
    let mut preferred = candidate("acct_preferred", 0, Some(100));
-    preferred.signals.failure_rate_basis_points = Some(5_001);
+    preferred.signals.failure_rate_basis_points = Some(10_000);
    preferred.signals.first_output_latency_ms = Some(100);
    let preferred_id = preferred.account.id().clone();
    let mut selection = context(RotationStrategy::Smart);
@@ -172,19 +239,19 @@ fn smart_selector_should_escape_preferred_account_after_failure_threshold() {

    let selected = AccountSelector
        .select(&candidates, &selection)
-        .expect("fallback candidate available");
+        .expect("preferred candidate available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_fallback");
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_preferred");
 }

 #[test]
-fn smart_selector_should_escape_preferred_account_after_latency_threshold() {
+fn smart_selector_should_keep_preferred_account_despite_latency_signals() {
    let mut fallback = candidate("acct_fallback", 0, Some(100));
    fallback.signals.failure_rate_basis_points = Some(0);
    fallback.signals.first_output_latency_ms = Some(100);
    let mut preferred = candidate("acct_preferred", 0, Some(100));
    preferred.signals.failure_rate_basis_points = Some(0);
-    preferred.signals.first_output_latency_ms = Some(15_001);
+    preferred.signals.first_output_latency_ms = Some(120_000);
    let preferred_id = preferred.account.id().clone();
    let mut selection = context(RotationStrategy::Smart);
    selection.preferred_account = Some(preferred_id);
@@ -192,9 +259,9 @@ fn smart_selector_should_escape_preferred_account_after_latency_threshold() {

    let selected = AccountSelector
        .select(&candidates, &selection)
-        .expect("fallback candidate available");
+        .expect("preferred candidate available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_fallback");
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_preferred");
 }

 #[test]
@@ -210,7 +277,16 @@ fn smart_selector_should_escape_preferred_account_at_concurrency_limit() {
        .select(&candidates, &selection)
        .expect("fallback candidate available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_fallback");
+    assert_eq!(
+        (
+            selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(),
+            selected.preferred(),
+        ),
+        (
+            "acct_fallback",
+            PreferredAccountSelection::Blocked(AccountSchedulingBlocker::ConcurrencyLimit),
+        )
+    );
 }

 #[test]
@@ -296,7 +372,10 @@ fn smart_selector_should_use_provider_quota_rank_after_load_is_equal() {
        .select(&candidates, &context(RotationStrategy::Smart))
        .expect("candidate available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_high_quota");
+    assert_eq!(
+        selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(),
+        "acct_high_quota"
+    );
 }

 #[test]
@@ -312,7 +391,7 @@ fn quota_reset_selector_should_prefer_known_earliest_window() {
        .select(&candidates, &context(RotationStrategy::QuotaResetPriority))
        .expect("candidate available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_earlier");
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_earlier");
 }

 #[test]
@@ -325,7 +404,7 @@ fn smart_selector_should_prefer_known_quota_over_unknown_after_load_is_equal() {
        .select(&candidates, &context(RotationStrategy::Smart))
        .expect("candidate available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_known");
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_known");
 }

 #[test]
@@ -338,7 +417,7 @@ fn selector_should_reject_account_at_concurrency_limit() {
        .select(&candidates, &context(RotationStrategy::Smart))
        .expect("candidate available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_available");
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_available");
 }

 #[test]
@@ -360,7 +439,7 @@ fn selector_should_enforce_request_interval_until_boundary() {
        .select(&candidates, &context)
        .expect("candidate available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_ready");
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_ready");
 }

 #[test]
@@ -377,7 +456,7 @@ fn sticky_selector_should_fall_back_when_requested_account_is_excluded() {
        .select(&candidates, &context)
        .expect("fallback candidate available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_fallback");
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_fallback");
 }

 #[test]
@@ -397,11 +476,38 @@ fn round_robin_selector_should_be_stable_for_unsorted_candidates() {
        .expect("second candidate available");

    assert_eq!(
-        (first.account.id().as_str(), second.account.id().as_str()),
+        (
+            first.candidate().account.id().as_str(),
+            second.candidate().account.id().as_str(),
+        ),
        ("acct_first", "acct_second")
    );
 }

+#[test]
+fn round_robin_selector_should_honor_a_schedulable_preferred_account_before_the_cursor() {
+    let candidates = vec![
+        candidate("acct_first", 0, None),
+        candidate("acct_second", 0, None),
+    ];
+    let mut context = context(RotationStrategy::RoundRobin);
+    context.round_robin_cursor = 0;
+    context.preferred_account =
+        Some(ProviderAccountId::new("acct_second").expect("preferred account"));
+
+    let selected = AccountSelector
+        .select(&candidates, &context)
+        .expect("preferred account available");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        (
+            selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(),
+            selected.preferred(),
+        ),
+        ("acct_second", PreferredAccountSelection::Hit)
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn selector_should_honor_request_local_exclusion() {
    let candidates = vec![
@@ -416,7 +522,7 @@ fn selector_should_honor_request_local_exclusion() {
        .select(&candidates, &context)
        .expect("second account available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_second");
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_second");
 }

 #[test]
@@ -432,7 +538,7 @@ fn sticky_selector_should_prefer_requested_account() {
        .select(&candidates, &context)
        .expect("sticky account available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_second");
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_second");
 }

 #[test]
@@ -447,7 +553,7 @@ fn sticky_selector_without_request_binding_should_reuse_latest_account() {
        .select(&candidates, &context(RotationStrategy::Sticky))
        .expect("sticky candidate available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_latest");
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_latest");
 }

 #[test]
@@ -462,7 +568,7 @@ fn round_robin_selector_should_use_frozen_cursor() {
        .select(&candidates, &context)
        .expect("candidate available");

-    assert_eq!(selected.account.id().as_str(), "acct_second");
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_second");
 }

 #[test]
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ use std::{
        Arc, Mutex,
        atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
    },
-    time::{Duration, SystemTime},
+    time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime},
 };

 use async_trait::async_trait;
+use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::{executor::block_on, future::BoxFuture};
 use gateway_core::engine::admission::{
    ClientAdmissionDecision, ClientAdmissionError, ClientAdmissionPort, ClientAdmissionRecovery,
@@ -20,21 +21,28 @@ use gateway_core::engine::credential::{
    AccountSelectionPolicy, ProviderAccountId, RotationStrategy,
 };
 use gateway_core::engine::execution::{
-    ClientApiKeyUsageSink, DefaultExecutionService, ExecutionService, ProviderCircuitDecision,
-    ProviderCircuitError, ProviderCircuitPort, provider_failure_affects_circuit,
+    ClientApiKeyUsageSink, ClientTransport, DefaultExecutionService, ExecutionRequestMetadata,
+    ExecutionService, ProviderCircuitDecision, ProviderCircuitError, ProviderCircuitPort,
+    StartExecution, provider_failure_affects_circuit,
 };
 use gateway_core::engine::probe::{AccountProbe, AccountProbeRequest};
-use gateway_core::engine::provider::ProviderRegistry;
+use gateway_core::engine::provider::{
+    Provider, ProviderCatalogGeneration, ProviderModelCapabilities, ProviderRegistry,
+    ProviderRequest, ProviderStream,
+};
 use gateway_core::engine::{
-    AttemptRecord, ExecutionStore, IntermediateFailure, ModelRequestFinalization, ModelRequestId,
-    NewModelRequest, RecoveryReport, UpstreamSendState,
+    AttemptContext, AttemptRecord, ExecutionStore, IntermediateFailure, ModelRequestFinalization,
+    ModelRequestId, NewModelRequest, ProbeFailure, RecoveryReport, UpstreamSendState,
+};
+use gateway_core::error::{
+    ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse, GatewayErrorKind, ProviderError, ProviderErrorKind, StoreError,
+    StoreErrorKind,
 };
-use gateway_core::error::{GatewayErrorKind, ProviderErrorKind, StoreError};
 use gateway_core::operation::{GenerateRequest, Operation, OperationKind, ProtocolPayload};
 use gateway_core::policy::{ClientApiKeyId, ClientPolicy, PlaintextClientApiKey, RateLimits};
 use gateway_core::routing::snapshot::RuntimeSnapshotHandle;
 use gateway_core::routing::{
-    ConfigRevision, ModelCapabilities, ProviderKind, ProviderModel, RuntimeSnapshot,
+    ConfigRevision, ModelCapabilities, ProviderKind, ProviderModel, PublicModelId, RuntimeSnapshot,
    UpstreamModelId,
 };
 use serde_json::json;
@@ -78,6 +86,112 @@ fn account_probe_should_not_write_to_the_persistent_execution_store() {
    assert!(!store.touched.load(Ordering::SeqCst));
 }

+#[test]
+fn probe_failures_should_be_observable_without_a_model_request_row() {
+    let store = Arc::new(TrackingExecutionStore::default());
+    let providers = ProviderRegistry::new([Arc::new(FailingProvider) as Arc<dyn Provider>])
+        .expect("provider registry");
+    let service = DefaultExecutionService::new(
+        RuntimeSnapshotHandle::new(probe_snapshot()),
+        store.clone(),
+        providers,
+        Arc::new(UnusedAdmissions),
+        Arc::new(UnusedCircuits),
+        Arc::new(UnusedContinuation),
+        Arc::new(RecordingClientApiKeyUsage::default()),
+    );
+
+    let error = block_on(service.probe(AccountProbeRequest {
+        account_id: ProviderAccountId::new("acct_probe").expect("account ID"),
+        provider_kind: ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider kind"),
+        upstream_model: UpstreamModelId::new("gpt-probe").expect("model ID"),
+        operation: probe_operation(),
+    }))
+    .expect_err("the provider rejects every probe");
+
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), GatewayErrorKind::UpstreamUnavailable);
+    let upstream = error
+        .upstream_response()
+        .expect("probe must preserve its request-local upstream response");
+    assert_eq!(upstream.status(), 502);
+    assert_eq!(
+        upstream.content_type(),
+        Some(b"application/json".as_slice())
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        upstream.body(),
+        &Bytes::from_static(br#"{"error":{"message":"source upstream failure"}}"#),
+    );
+    assert!(!format!("{error:?}").contains("source upstream failure"));
+    assert!(!store.touched.load(Ordering::SeqCst));
+    assert_eq!(store.probe_failures(), vec!["transport".to_owned()]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn probe_observation_store_failure_preserves_the_provider_error() {
+    let store = Arc::new(TrackingExecutionStore {
+        fail_probe_observation: AtomicBool::new(true),
+        ..TrackingExecutionStore::default()
+    });
+    let providers = ProviderRegistry::new([Arc::new(FailingProvider) as Arc<dyn Provider>])
+        .expect("provider registry");
+    let service = DefaultExecutionService::new(
+        RuntimeSnapshotHandle::new(probe_snapshot()),
+        store.clone(),
+        providers,
+        Arc::new(UnusedAdmissions),
+        Arc::new(UnusedCircuits),
+        Arc::new(UnusedContinuation),
+        Arc::new(RecordingClientApiKeyUsage::default()),
+    );
+
+    let error = block_on(service.probe(AccountProbeRequest {
+        account_id: ProviderAccountId::new("acct_probe").expect("account ID"),
+        provider_kind: ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider kind"),
+        upstream_model: UpstreamModelId::new("gpt-probe").expect("model ID"),
+        operation: probe_operation(),
+    }))
+    .expect_err("the provider error must survive observation failure");
+
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), GatewayErrorKind::UpstreamUnavailable);
+    assert!(!store.touched.load(Ordering::SeqCst));
+    assert!(store.probe_failures().is_empty());
+}
+
+struct FailingProvider;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl Provider for FailingProvider {
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "openai"
+    }
+
+    fn catalog_generation(&self) -> ProviderCatalogGeneration {
+        ProviderCatalogGeneration::default()
+    }
+
+    async fn query_model_capabilities(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<ProviderModelCapabilities>, ProviderError> {
+        Ok(Vec::new())
+    }
+
+    async fn execute(
+        &self,
+        _request: ProviderRequest,
+        _context: AttemptContext,
+    ) -> Result<ProviderStream, ProviderError> {
+        Err(
+            ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::Transport, UpstreamSendState::NotSent)
+                .with_client_visible_upstream_response(ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse::new(
+                    502,
+                    Some(b"application/json".to_vec()),
+                    Bytes::from_static(br#"{"error":{"message":"source upstream failure"}}"#),
+                )),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn successful_authentication_should_record_client_key_usage() {
    let usage = Arc::new(RecordingClientApiKeyUsage::default());
@@ -98,6 +212,111 @@ fn successful_authentication_should_record_client_key_usage() {
    assert_eq!(usage.recorded(), vec!["key_usage_test".to_owned()]);
 }

+#[test]
+fn circuit_store_failure_should_fail_open_during_request_start() {
+    let service = DefaultExecutionService::new(
+        RuntimeSnapshotHandle::new(start_snapshot()),
+        Arc::new(TrackingExecutionStore::default()),
+        ProviderRegistry::default(),
+        Arc::new(UnusedAdmissions),
+        Arc::new(FailingDecisionCircuits),
+        Arc::new(UnusedContinuation),
+        Arc::new(RecordingClientApiKeyUsage::default()),
+    );
+    let client = service
+        .authenticate("sk_start_test")
+        .expect("authenticated client");
+
+    let started = block_on(service.start(StartExecution {
+        client,
+        public_model: PublicModelId::new("gpt-start").expect("public model"),
+        operation: start_operation(),
+        metadata: ExecutionRequestMetadata {
+            protocol: "openai".to_owned(),
+            endpoint: "/v1/responses".to_owned(),
+            transport: ClientTransport::HttpJson,
+            stream: false,
+            client_ip: None,
+            user_agent: None,
+            previous_response_id: None,
+        },
+    }))
+    .expect("recoverable circuit state must not reject the request");
+
+    assert!(!started.session.is_finalized());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn slow_circuit_store_should_time_out_and_fail_open_during_request_start() {
+    let service = DefaultExecutionService::new(
+        RuntimeSnapshotHandle::new(start_snapshot()),
+        Arc::new(TrackingExecutionStore::default()),
+        ProviderRegistry::default(),
+        Arc::new(UnusedAdmissions),
+        Arc::new(PendingDecisionCircuits),
+        Arc::new(UnusedContinuation),
+        Arc::new(RecordingClientApiKeyUsage::default()),
+    );
+    let client = service
+        .authenticate("sk_start_test")
+        .expect("authenticated client");
+    let started_at = Instant::now();
+
+    let started = block_on(service.start(StartExecution {
+        client,
+        public_model: PublicModelId::new("gpt-start").expect("public model"),
+        operation: start_operation(),
+        metadata: ExecutionRequestMetadata {
+            protocol: "openai".to_owned(),
+            endpoint: "/v1/responses".to_owned(),
+            transport: ClientTransport::HttpJson,
+            stream: false,
+            client_ip: None,
+            user_agent: None,
+            previous_response_id: None,
+        },
+    }))
+    .expect("slow recoverable circuit state must not reject the request");
+
+    assert!(started_at.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(2));
+    assert!(!started.session.is_finalized());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn stale_nonempty_catalog_should_not_block_a_new_model_during_request_start() {
+    let service = DefaultExecutionService::new(
+        RuntimeSnapshotHandle::new(start_snapshot()),
+        Arc::new(TrackingExecutionStore::default()),
+        ProviderRegistry::default(),
+        Arc::new(UnusedAdmissions),
+        Arc::new(UnusedCircuits),
+        Arc::new(UnusedContinuation),
+        Arc::new(RecordingClientApiKeyUsage::default()),
+    );
+    let client = service
+        .authenticate("sk_start_test")
+        .expect("authenticated client");
+    let model = "gpt-future-not-in-catalog";
+
+    let started = block_on(service.start(StartExecution {
+        client,
+        public_model: PublicModelId::from_client_wire(model).expect("client model"),
+        operation: start_operation_for_model(model),
+        metadata: ExecutionRequestMetadata {
+            protocol: "openai".to_owned(),
+            endpoint: "/v1/responses".to_owned(),
+            transport: ClientTransport::HttpJson,
+            stream: false,
+            client_ip: None,
+            user_agent: None,
+            previous_response_id: None,
+        },
+    }))
+    .expect("stale model catalog must not reject the request");
+
+    assert!(!started.session.is_finalized());
+}
+
 #[derive(Default)]
 struct RecordingClientApiKeyUsage {
    ids: Mutex<Vec<String>>,
@@ -121,12 +340,21 @@ impl ClientApiKeyUsageSink for RecordingClientApiKeyUsage {
 #[derive(Default)]
 struct TrackingExecutionStore {
    touched: AtomicBool,
+    probe_failures: Mutex<Vec<String>>,
+    fail_probe_observation: AtomicBool,
 }

 impl TrackingExecutionStore {
    fn touch(&self) {
        self.touched.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
    }
+
+    fn probe_failures(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        self.probe_failures
+            .lock()
+            .expect("probe failures lock")
+            .clone()
+    }
 }

 #[async_trait]
@@ -170,6 +398,17 @@ impl ExecutionStore for TrackingExecutionStore {
        Ok(())
    }

+    async fn record_probe_failure(&self, failure: ProbeFailure) -> Result<(), StoreError> {
+        if self.fail_probe_observation.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
+            return Err(StoreError::new(StoreErrorKind::Unavailable));
+        }
+        self.probe_failures
+            .lock()
+            .expect("probe failures lock")
+            .push(failure.error.kind().as_str().to_owned());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
    async fn finalize_model_request(&self, _: ModelRequestFinalization) -> Result<(), StoreError> {
        self.touch();
        Ok(())
@@ -232,6 +471,56 @@ impl ProviderCircuitPort for UnusedCircuits {
    }
 }

+struct FailingDecisionCircuits;
+
+impl ProviderCircuitPort for FailingDecisionCircuits {
+    fn decision<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        _: &'a ProviderKind,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<ProviderCircuitDecision, ProviderCircuitError>> {
+        Box::pin(async { Err(ProviderCircuitError) })
+    }
+
+    fn observe_failure<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        _: &'a ProviderKind,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<(), ProviderCircuitError>> {
+        Box::pin(async { Ok(()) })
+    }
+
+    fn observe_success<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        _: &'a ProviderKind,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<(), ProviderCircuitError>> {
+        Box::pin(async { Ok(()) })
+    }
+}
+
+struct PendingDecisionCircuits;
+
+impl ProviderCircuitPort for PendingDecisionCircuits {
+    fn decision<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        _: &'a ProviderKind,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<ProviderCircuitDecision, ProviderCircuitError>> {
+        Box::pin(futures::future::pending())
+    }
+
+    fn observe_failure<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        _: &'a ProviderKind,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<(), ProviderCircuitError>> {
+        Box::pin(async { Ok(()) })
+    }
+
+    fn observe_success<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        _: &'a ProviderKind,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<(), ProviderCircuitError>> {
+        Box::pin(async { Ok(()) })
+    }
+}
+
 struct UnusedContinuation;

 impl NativeContinuationPort for UnusedContinuation {
@@ -294,6 +583,34 @@ fn client_snapshot() -> RuntimeSnapshot {
    .expect("client snapshot")
 }

+fn start_snapshot() -> RuntimeSnapshot {
+    let provider = ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider kind");
+    let capabilities =
+        ModelCapabilities::new(BTreeSet::from([OperationKind::Generate]), Some(16_000));
+    RuntimeSnapshot::new(
+        ConfigRevision::new(1).expect("config revision"),
+        AccountSelectionPolicy::new(
+            RotationStrategy::Smart,
+            std::num::NonZeroU32::new(1).expect("concurrency"),
+            Duration::from_millis(1),
+        ),
+        vec![provider.clone()],
+        vec![ProviderModel::new(
+            provider.clone(),
+            UpstreamModelId::new("gpt-start").expect("model ID"),
+            capabilities,
+        )],
+        vec![ClientPolicy::new(
+            ClientApiKeyId::new("key_start_test").expect("client API key ID"),
+            PlaintextClientApiKey::new("sk_start_test").expect("plaintext client API key"),
+            provider,
+            true,
+            RateLimits::unlimited(),
+        )],
+    )
+    .expect("start snapshot")
+}
+
 fn probe_operation() -> Operation {
    let body = json!({
        "model": "gpt-probe",
@@ -304,3 +621,18 @@ fn probe_operation() -> Operation {
            .expect("OpenAI payload"),
    ))
 }
+
+fn start_operation() -> Operation {
+    start_operation_for_model("gpt-start")
+}
+
+fn start_operation_for_model(model: &str) -> Operation {
+    let body = json!({
+        "model": model,
+        "input": [{"type": "message", "role": "user", "content": "ping"}],
+    });
+    Operation::Generate(GenerateRequest::from_protocol_payload(
+        ProtocolPayload::json_object("openai", body.as_object().expect("request object").clone())
+            .expect("OpenAI payload"),
+    ))
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
+use bytes::Bytes;
 use gateway_core::engine::UpstreamSendState;
 use gateway_core::error::{
-    ClientVisibleUpstreamError, GatewayError, ProviderError, ProviderErrorKind, SafeUpstreamValue,
+    ClientVisibleUpstreamError, ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse, GatewayError, OpaqueUpstreamValue,
+    ProviderError, ProviderErrorKind,
 };
+use gateway_core::event::{ProtocolWireEvent, ProviderEvent, ProviderResponseHeader};
+use serde_json::json;

 #[test]
 fn provider_error_debug_should_not_expose_sensitive_context() {
@@ -15,13 +19,22 @@ fn provider_error_debug_should_not_expose_sensitive_context() {
 #[test]
 fn provider_error_debug_should_not_print_classified_upstream_values() {
    let diagnostic = "request-visible-only-through-explicit-accessor";
-    let value = SafeUpstreamValue::new(diagnostic).expect("test diagnostic is valid");
+    let value = OpaqueUpstreamValue::new(diagnostic);
    let error = ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::Unavailable, UpstreamSendState::Sent)
        .with_upstream_request_id(value);

    assert!(!format!("{error:?}").contains(diagnostic));
 }

+#[test]
+fn opaque_upstream_value_should_preserve_arbitrary_text_without_logging_it() {
+    let original = format!("\0{}\n", "x".repeat(9_000));
+    let value = OpaqueUpstreamValue::new(original.clone());
+
+    assert_eq!(value.as_str(), original);
+    assert!(!format!("{value:?}").contains(&original));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn provider_error_replay_proof_should_default_to_false() {
    let error = ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::RateLimited, UpstreamSendState::Sent);
@@ -37,18 +50,82 @@ fn provider_error_replay_proof_should_be_explicit() {
    assert!(error.replay_is_safe());
 }

+#[test]
+fn provider_error_atomic_client_events_should_be_take_only_and_debug_redacted() {
+    let marker = "atomic-wire-must-not-enter-debug";
+    let event = ProviderEvent::wire(
+        ProtocolWireEvent::json(
+            "openai",
+            Some("response.failed".to_owned()),
+            json!({"type": "response.failed", "message": marker}),
+        )
+        .expect("atomic wire"),
+    );
+    let mut error = ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::RateLimited, UpstreamSendState::Sent)
+        .with_atomic_client_events(vec![event]);
+
+    assert!(error.has_atomic_client_events());
+    assert!(!format!("{error:?}").contains(marker));
+    assert_eq!(error.take_atomic_client_events().len(), 1);
+    assert!(!error.has_atomic_client_events());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn provider_error_clone_should_drop_request_local_upstream_response() {
+    let marker = Bytes::from_static(b"raw-client-response-only");
+    let error = ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::RateLimited, UpstreamSendState::Sent)
+        .with_client_visible_upstream_response(
+            ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse::new(
+                429,
+                Some(b"application/problem+json".to_vec()),
+                marker.clone(),
+            )
+            .with_headers(vec![ProviderResponseHeader::new(
+                "x-future-error",
+                Bytes::from_static(b"opaque-header-value"),
+            )]),
+        );
+
+    let cloned = error.clone();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        error
+            .client_visible_upstream_response()
+            .map(ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse::body),
+        Some(&marker)
+    );
+    assert!(cloned.client_visible_upstream_response().is_none());
+    assert!(!format!("{error:?}").contains("raw-client-response-only"));
+    assert!(!format!("{error:?}").contains("opaque-header-value"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn provider_error_clone_should_drop_atomic_client_events() {
+    let event = ProviderEvent::wire(
+        ProtocolWireEvent::json(
+            "openai",
+            Some("response.failed".to_owned()),
+            json!({"type": "response.failed"}),
+        )
+        .expect("atomic wire"),
+    );
+    let error = ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::RateLimited, UpstreamSendState::Sent)
+        .with_atomic_client_events(vec![event]);
+    let cloned = error.clone();
+
+    assert!(error.has_atomic_client_events());
+    assert!(!cloned.has_atomic_client_events());
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn gateway_error_should_keep_client_visible_upstream_fields_out_of_safe_diagnostics() {
    let message = "Your Codex quota is exhausted";
    let error = ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::QuotaExhausted, UpstreamSendState::Sent)
-        .with_client_visible_upstream_error(
-            ClientVisibleUpstreamError::new(
-                message,
-                Some("quota_exhausted".to_owned()),
-                Some("rate_limit_error".to_owned()),
-            )
-            .expect("safe structured upstream error"),
-        );
+        .with_client_visible_upstream_error(ClientVisibleUpstreamError::new(
+            message,
+            Some("quota_exhausted".to_owned()),
+            Some("rate_limit_error".to_owned()),
+        ));
    let gateway = GatewayError::from_provider(&error);

    assert_eq!(
@@ -60,3 +137,20 @@ fn gateway_error_should_keep_client_visible_upstream_fields_out_of_safe_diagnost
    assert_eq!(gateway.client_error_type(), Some("rate_limit_error"));
    assert!(!format!("{gateway:?}").contains(message));
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn client_visible_upstream_error_should_preserve_opaque_structured_fields() {
+    let message = format!("\0{}\n", "m".repeat(9_000));
+    let code = format!("\0{}", "c".repeat(300));
+    let error_type = String::new();
+    let detail = ClientVisibleUpstreamError::new(
+        message.clone(),
+        Some(code.clone()),
+        Some(error_type.clone()),
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(detail.message(), message);
+    assert_eq!(detail.code(), Some(code.as_str()));
+    assert_eq!(detail.error_type(), Some(error_type.as_str()));
+    assert!(!format!("{detail:?}").contains(&message));
+}
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+use bytes::Bytes;
 use gateway_core::engine::provider::UpstreamTransport;
 use gateway_core::event::{
    ContentItem, ContentKind, EventSequenceError, EventSequenceValidator, GatewayEvent,
-    ProtocolWireEvent, ProviderEvent, ProviderResponseObservation, ReasoningDelta, ResponseMeta,
-    TextDelta, ToolCallDelta,
+    ProtocolWireEvent, ProviderEvent, ProviderResponseHeader, ProviderResponseObservation,
+    ReasoningDelta, ResponseMeta, TextDelta, ToolCallDelta,
 };
 use serde_json::json;

@@ -21,6 +22,28 @@ fn provider_event_keeps_large_wire_and_observation_payloads_behind_one_indirecti
    assert!(!observation.has_client_event());
 }

+#[test]
+fn provider_response_header_should_preserve_opaque_name_and_bytes_without_debug_disclosure() {
+    let name = format!("x-future-{}\0", "n".repeat(512));
+    let value = Bytes::from_static(b"\xffopaque-response-header-secret");
+    let header = ProviderResponseHeader::new(name.clone(), value.clone());
+
+    assert_eq!(header.name(), name);
+    assert_eq!(header.value(), &value);
+    let rendered = format!("{header:?}");
+    assert!(!rendered.contains(&name));
+    assert!(!rendered.contains("opaque-response-header-secret"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn invalid_observed_service_tier_should_be_ignored() {
+    let observation =
+        ProviderResponseObservation::new(UpstreamTransport::new("http_sse").expect("transport"))
+            .with_service_tier_if_valid(format!("priority\0{}", "x".repeat(128)));
+
+    assert_eq!(observation.service_tier(), None);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn protocol_wire_event_should_preserve_sse_metadata_without_exposing_id_in_debug() {
    let wire = ProtocolWireEvent::json_with_sse_metadata(
@@ -37,6 +60,23 @@ fn protocol_wire_event_should_preserve_sse_metadata_without_exposing_id_in_debug
    assert!(!format!("{wire:?}").contains("upstream-event-id"));
 }

+#[test]
+fn protocol_wire_event_should_preserve_opaque_sse_metadata() {
+    let event_type = format!("\0{}", "event".repeat(80));
+    let sse_id = "id\0with\r\ncontrols".to_owned();
+    let wire = ProtocolWireEvent::json_with_sse_metadata(
+        "openai",
+        Some(event_type.clone()),
+        json!({"type": "future.event"}),
+        Some(sse_id.clone()),
+        None,
+    )
+    .expect("internal protocol name is valid");
+
+    assert_eq!(wire.event_type(), Some(event_type.as_str()));
+    assert_eq!(wire.sse_id(), Some(sse_id.as_str()));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn validator_should_accept_started_content_delta_completed_sequence() {
    let mut validator = EventSequenceValidator::new();
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ fn refresh_policy_requires_a_positive_margin() {
 }

 #[test]
-fn refresh_schedule_is_stable_and_never_uses_query_time_margin() {
+fn refresh_schedule_should_use_the_exact_configured_margin() {
    let account = ProviderAccountId::new("acct_stable").expect("valid account");
    let policy = ProviderRefreshPolicy::try_new(
        Duration::from_secs(3_600),
@@ -70,13 +70,7 @@ fn refresh_schedule_is_stable_and_never_uses_query_time_margin() {
    let first = policy
        .next_attempt_at(&account, expires_at, observed_at)
        .expect("schedule refresh");
-    let second = policy
-        .next_attempt_at(&account, expires_at, observed_at)
-        .expect("schedule refresh again");
-
-    assert_eq!(first, second);
-    assert!(first > observed_at);
-    assert!(first < expires_at);
+    assert_eq!(first, expires_at - Duration::from_secs(3_600));
 }

 #[test]
@@ -190,21 +190,36 @@ fn global_mapping_should_apply_to_every_provider() {
 #[test]
 fn unmapped_model_should_pass_through_unchanged() {
    let snapshot = snapshot();
-    let plan = snapshot
-        .plan(
-            &PublicModelId::new("future-openai-model").expect("model"),
-            &operation(),
-            &RoutingContext {
-                provider_kind: Some(ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider")),
-                ..RoutingContext::default()
-            },
-        )
-        .expect("unknown model remains transparent");
+    for requested in [
+        "future-openai-model".to_owned(),
+        format!("future-{}", "x".repeat(512)),
+        "future\0model".to_owned(),
+        "  future-openai-model  ".to_owned(),
+    ] {
+        let plan = snapshot
+            .plan(
+                &PublicModelId::from_client_wire(requested.clone()).expect("client model"),
+                &operation(),
+                &RoutingContext {
+                    provider_kind: Some(ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider")),
+                    ..RoutingContext::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .expect("unknown model remains transparent");

-    assert_eq!(
-        plan.candidates()[0].upstream_model().as_str(),
-        "future-openai-model"
-    );
+        assert_eq!(plan.candidates()[0].upstream_model().as_str(), requested);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn model_mapping_should_use_exact_client_keys() {
+    let snapshot = snapshot().with_model_mappings(BTreeMap::from([(
+        "  exact-alias  ".to_owned(),
+        "gpt-5.5".to_owned(),
+    )]));
+
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.mapped_model("  exact-alias  "), "gpt-5.5");
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.mapped_model("exact-alias"), "exact-alias");
 }

 #[test]
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ use gateway_core::routing::snapshot::{
    SnapshotSubscriptionError, SnapshotSubscriptionPort, runtime_revision_needs_refresh,
 };
 use gateway_core::routing::{
-    ConfigRevision, ModelCapabilities, ProviderKind, PublicModelId, RuntimeSnapshot,
-    UpstreamModelId,
+    ConfigRevision, ModelCapabilities, ModelPresentation, ProviderKind, PublicModelId,
+    RuntimeSnapshot, UpstreamModelId,
 };
 use gateway_core::task::WorkerKind;

@@ -135,13 +135,19 @@ impl Provider for PublishingCatalogProvider {
        if self.queries.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst) == 0 {
            self.generation.store(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
        }
-        Ok(vec![ProviderModelCapabilities::new(
-            UpstreamModelId::new("upstream-model").expect("model"),
-            ModelCapabilities::new(
-                std::collections::BTreeSet::from([OperationKind::Generate]),
+        Ok(vec![
+            ProviderModelCapabilities::new(
+                UpstreamModelId::new("upstream-model").expect("model"),
+                ModelCapabilities::new(
+                    std::collections::BTreeSet::from([OperationKind::Generate]),
+                    None,
+                ),
+            )
+            .with_presentation(ModelPresentation::new(
+                Some("Upstream Model".to_owned()),
                None,
-            ),
-        )])
+            )),
+        ])
    }

    async fn execute(
@@ -215,6 +221,15 @@ fn compiler_retries_when_provider_publishes_catalog_during_compilation() {
            .map(|generation| generation.get()),
        Some(1),
    );
+    let profiles =
+        snapshot.public_model_profiles_for_provider(&ProviderKind::new("alpha").expect("provider"));
+    assert_eq!(
+        profiles
+            .iter()
+            .map(|profile| profile.model().as_str())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        vec!["public-model", "upstream-model"],
+    );
 }

 #[test]
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["macros", "r
 tracing = "0.1.44"
 tracing-appender = "0.2.5"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.23", features = ["env-filter", "json"] }
-uuid = { version = "1.23.3", features = ["v7"] }

 [dev-dependencies]
 filetime = "0.2.27"
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

 pub mod config;
 mod logging;
-mod serve;
+pub mod serve;
 pub mod system_update;
 pub mod workers;

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! HTTP 监听、OS signal、原子连接注册与优雅 drain。

-use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{Arc, OnceLock};
 use std::time::Duration;

 use axum::Router;
@@ -12,7 +12,12 @@ use tokio::sync::Notify;
 const DRAINING_BIT: usize = 1usize << (usize::BITS - 1);
 const ACTIVE_MASK: usize = !DRAINING_BIT;

-pub(crate) struct ConnectionTracker {
+/// 自重启交接没有显式握手：替换进程按 CPR_RESTART_DELAY_MS 估算等待，
+/// 可能在旧进程释放监听端口前尝试绑定，因此对 AddrInUse 保留有限重试窗口。
+const BIND_RETRY_WINDOW: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
+const BIND_RETRY_MAX_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1);
+
+pub struct ConnectionTracker {
    state: Arc<ConnectionState>,
    cancellation: CancellationToken,
 }
@@ -23,7 +28,8 @@ struct ConnectionState {
 }

 impl ConnectionTracker {
-    pub(crate) fn new(cancellation: CancellationToken) -> Self {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(cancellation: CancellationToken) -> Self {
        Self {
            state: Arc::new(ConnectionState {
                value: AtomicUsize::new(0),
@@ -41,10 +47,15 @@ impl ConnectionTracker {
        }
    }

-    pub(crate) async fn wait_until_idle(&self, timeout: Duration) {
+    pub async fn wait_until_idle(&self, timeout: Duration) {
        let wait = async {
            loop {
                let notified = self.state.idle.notified();
+                tokio::pin!(notified);
+                // notify_waiters 不保存许可：必须先 enable 注册等待者，再读
+                // 活跃计数；否则最后一个 guard 在读数与首次 poll 之间 drop
+                // 时唤醒丢失，只能等满整个超时。
+                notified.as_mut().enable();
                if self.state.value.load(Ordering::Acquire) & ACTIVE_MASK == 0 {
                    return;
                }
@@ -102,6 +113,27 @@ impl Drop for ActiveConnection {
    }
 }

+/// 绑定失败即进程退出、服务彻底离线，因此 AddrInUse（典型为自重启交接
+/// 时旧进程尚未关闭 listener）在窗口内指数退避重试；其他错误立即上抛。
+pub async fn bind_listener(address: &str) -> std::io::Result<tokio::net::TcpListener> {
+    let deadline = tokio::time::Instant::now() + BIND_RETRY_WINDOW;
+    let mut delay = Duration::from_millis(100);
+    loop {
+        match tokio::net::TcpListener::bind(address).await {
+            Ok(listener) => return Ok(listener),
+            Err(error)
+                if error.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::AddrInUse
+                    && tokio::time::Instant::now() < deadline =>
+            {
+                tracing::warn!(target: "gateway_startup", address, "监听地址仍被占用，退避后重试绑定");
+                tokio::time::sleep(delay).await;
+                delay = (delay * 2).min(BIND_RETRY_MAX_DELAY);
+            }
+            Err(error) => return Err(error),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub(crate) async fn serve_router(
    router: Router,
    host: &str,
@@ -110,7 +142,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn serve_router(
    connections: Arc<ConnectionTracker>,
    drain_timeout: Duration,
 ) -> Result<(), ServeError> {
-    let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind(format!("{host}:{port}"))
+    let listener = bind_listener(&format!("{host}:{port}"))
        .await
        .map_err(ServeError::Bind)?;
    tracing::info!(target: "gateway_startup", host, port, "网关开始监听");
@@ -121,16 +153,44 @@ pub(crate) async fn serve_router(
        wait_for_shutdown(&shutdown_cancellation).await;
        shutdown_connections.begin_draining();
    };
-    axum::serve(
+    // axum 的优雅关闭会无限等待存量连接结束，而 SSE 等长响应体不观察
+    // 取消信号：慢客户端可以把关闭拖住直到被 SIGKILL。整个 drain（axum
+    // 优雅关闭 + 游离 guard 等待）共享同一个从取消信号起算的绝对截止点，
+    // 逾期即放弃等待，存量连接随进程退出终止。
+    let drain_deadline_at = Arc::new(OnceLock::new());
+    let drain_deadline = {
+        let cancellation = cancellation.clone();
+        let deadline_at = Arc::clone(&drain_deadline_at);
+        async move {
+            cancellation.cancelled().await;
+            let deadline = tokio::time::Instant::now() + drain_timeout;
+            let _ = deadline_at.set(deadline);
+            tokio::time::sleep_until(deadline).await;
+        }
+    };
+    let serve = axum::serve(
        listener,
        router.into_make_service_with_connect_info::<std::net::SocketAddr>(),
    )
-    .with_graceful_shutdown(shutdown)
-    .await
-    .map_err(ServeError::Serve)?;
-
-    connections.begin_draining();
-    connections.wait_until_idle(drain_timeout).await;
+    .with_graceful_shutdown(shutdown);
+    tokio::select! {
+        biased;
+        result = serve => {
+            result.map_err(ServeError::Serve)?;
+            connections.begin_draining();
+            let remaining = drain_deadline_at.get().map_or(drain_timeout, |deadline| {
+                deadline.saturating_duration_since(tokio::time::Instant::now())
+            });
+            connections.wait_until_idle(remaining).await;
+        }
+        () = drain_deadline => {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                target: "gateway_shutdown",
+                timeout_secs = drain_timeout.as_secs(),
+                "优雅 drain 超时，放弃等待存量连接"
+            );
+        }
+    }
    Ok(())
 }

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn download_file(
        .map_err(|error| super::internal(format!("failed to create download file: {error}")))?;
    let mut stream = response.bytes_stream();
    let mut downloaded = 0_u64;
-    let mut last_percent = 0_u8;
+    let mut next_progress = 10_u8;
    while let Some(chunk) = stream.next().await {
        let chunk = chunk.map_err(|error| upstream(format!("download stream failed: {error}")))?;
        downloaded = downloaded.saturating_add(u64::try_from(chunk.len()).unwrap_or(u64::MAX));
@@ -59,9 +59,17 @@ pub(crate) async fn download_file(
        file.write_all(&chunk)
            .map_err(|error| super::internal(format!("failed to write download: {error}")))?;
        let percent = download_percent(downloaded, expected_size);
-        if percent > last_percent {
-            last_percent = percent;
-            events.emit_progress(operation_id, "downloading release archive", percent);
+        if percent >= next_progress || downloaded == expected_size {
+            events.emit_progress(
+                operation_id,
+                &format!(
+                    "已下载 {} / {} ({percent}%)",
+                    format_bytes(downloaded),
+                    format_bytes(expected_size)
+                ),
+                percent,
+            );
+            next_progress = percent.saturating_add(10);
        }
    }
    file.sync_all()
@@ -155,3 +163,15 @@ fn download_percent(downloaded: u64, total: u64) -> u8 {
    )
    .unwrap_or(100)
 }
+
+pub(crate) fn format_bytes(bytes: u64) -> String {
+    const KIB: u64 = 1024;
+    const MIB: u64 = KIB * 1024;
+    if bytes >= MIB {
+        return format!("{:.1} MiB", bytes as f64 / MIB as f64);
+    }
+    if bytes >= KIB {
+        return format!("{:.1} KiB", bytes as f64 / KIB as f64);
+    }
+    format!("{bytes} B")
+}
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ use self::download::{MAX_CHECKSUM_SIZE, MAX_DOWNLOAD_SIZE, download_file, verify
 use self::process::{environment_value, spawn_replacement};
 use self::release::{
    ReleaseCache, confirmed_target, detail_from_release, fetch_latest, select_archive,
+    versions_cross_major,
 };
 use self::state::{
    OperationFileLock, UpdateTempDir, finish, operation_id, read_status, set_running,
@@ -226,14 +227,32 @@ impl ProcessSystemOperations {
            return Err(conflict(reason));
        }
        let target = confirmed_target(target_version)?;
+        if versions_cross_major(&self.config.version, &target).unwrap_or(false) {
+            let reason = "跨大版本升级不提供自动更新，请按发布说明手动迁移";
+            self.events.error_terminal(None, Some("preflight"), reason);
+            return Err(conflict(reason));
+        }
        let repository = self
            .config
            .update_repository
            .as_deref()
            .ok_or_else(|| conflict("update repository is not configured"))?;
        self.events
-            .info(None, Some("release"), "fetching latest release");
-        let release = fetch_latest(&self.config.github_api_base, repository).await?;
+            .info(None, Some("release"), "正在获取最新 Release 信息");
+        let release = match fetch_latest(
+            &self.config.github_api_base,
+            repository,
+            &self.config.update_channel,
+        )
+        .await
+        {
+            Ok(release) => release,
+            Err(error) => {
+                self.events
+                    .error_terminal(None, Some("release"), error.to_string());
+                return Err(error);
+            }
+        };
        let detail = detail_from_release(&self.config, &release);
        if detail.latest_version != target {
            self.events.warning_terminal(
@@ -258,12 +277,17 @@ impl ProcessSystemOperations {
            Some(&target),
            &self.config.version,
        )?;
+        self.events.info(
+            Some(&operation_id),
+            Some("prepare"),
+            format!("准备更新到 v{target}"),
+        );
        let result = self.install_release(&release, &target, &operation_id).await;
        match &result {
            Ok(()) => self.events.success_terminal(
                Some(&operation_id),
                Some("done"),
-                "release files replaced",
+                "更新文件已替换，等待服务重启生效",
            ),
            Err(error) => {
                self.events
@@ -294,7 +318,23 @@ impl ProcessSystemOperations {
        version: &str,
        operation_id: &str,
    ) -> Result<(), OperationError> {
+        self.events.info(
+            Some(operation_id),
+            Some("asset"),
+            "正在选择匹配当前平台的更新包",
+        );
        let archive = select_archive(release, version)?;
+        self.events.info(
+            Some(operation_id),
+            Some("asset"),
+            format!(
+                "已选择更新包 {} ({})",
+                archive.name,
+                download::format_bytes(archive.size)
+            ),
+        );
+        self.events
+            .info(Some(operation_id), Some("verify"), "正在校验更新资源");
        if archive.size == 0 || archive.size > MAX_DOWNLOAD_SIZE {
            return Err(invalid("release archive size is invalid"));
        }
@@ -306,12 +346,16 @@ impl ProcessSystemOperations {
        if checksum.size == 0 || checksum.size > MAX_CHECKSUM_SIZE {
            return Err(invalid("release checksum size is invalid"));
        }
+        self.events
+            .info(Some(operation_id), Some("prepare"), "正在创建临时更新目录");
        fs::create_dir_all(&self.config.update_temp_dir)
            .map_err(|error| internal(format!("failed to prepare update temp dir: {error}")))?;
        let temp_root = fs::canonicalize(&self.config.update_temp_dir)
            .map_err(|error| internal(format!("failed to resolve update temp dir: {error}")))?;
        let temp = UpdateTempDir::create(&temp_root)?;
        let archive_path = temp.path().join(&archive.name);
+        self.events
+            .info(Some(operation_id), Some("download"), "开始下载更新包");
        download_file(
            &archive.browser_download_url,
            &archive_path,
@@ -321,6 +365,10 @@ impl ProcessSystemOperations {
            &self.events,
        )
        .await?;
+        self.events
+            .success(Some(operation_id), Some("download"), "更新包下载完成");
+        self.events
+            .info(Some(operation_id), Some("checksum"), "正在校验 checksum");
        verify_checksum(
            &archive_path,
            &archive.name,
@@ -329,12 +377,23 @@ impl ProcessSystemOperations {
            &self.config.github_api_base,
        )
        .await?;
+        self.events
+            .success(Some(operation_id), Some("checksum"), "checksum 校验通过");
+        self.events
+            .info(Some(operation_id), Some("extract"), "正在解压更新包");
        let extracted = extract_release(&archive_path, temp.path())?;
+        self.events
+            .success(Some(operation_id), Some("extract"), "更新包解压完成");
+        self.events
+            .info(Some(operation_id), Some("replace"), "正在替换应用文件");
        replace_release_files(
            &self.config.executable_path()?,
            &self.config.web_dist_dir,
            extracted,
-        )
+        )?;
+        self.events
+            .success(Some(operation_id), Some("replace"), "应用文件替换完成");
+        Ok(())
    }
 }

@@ -442,6 +501,12 @@ impl SystemOperations for ProcessSystemOperations {
    }

    async fn restart(&self) -> Result<SystemOperationAccepted, OperationError> {
+        // 与 update/rollback 互斥：更新替换文件期间触发自重启会让新进程
+        // 载入半成品产物。
+        let _operation = self
+            .operation_lock
+            .try_lock()
+            .map_err(|_| conflict("system operation is already running"))?;
        if !self.config.self_restart_enabled {
            return Err(conflict("self restart is disabled"));
        }
@@ -515,6 +580,17 @@ impl UpdateEvents {
        );
    }

+    fn success(&self, operation_id: Option<&str>, step: Option<&str>, message: impl Into<String>) {
+        self.emit(
+            SystemUpdateEventLevel::Success,
+            operation_id,
+            step,
+            message,
+            None,
+            false,
+        );
+    }
+
    fn warning_terminal(
        &self,
        operation_id: Option<&str>,
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ pub(crate) struct GitHubRelease {
    pub(crate) html_url: Option<String>,
    pub(crate) prerelease: bool,
    #[serde(default)]
+    pub(crate) draft: bool,
+    #[serde(default)]
    pub(crate) assets: Vec<GitHubAsset>,
 }

@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ impl ReleaseCache {
        if !refresh && let Some(detail) = self.cached(&key).await {
            return Ok(detail);
        }
-        match fetch_latest(&config.github_api_base, repository).await {
+        match fetch_latest(&config.github_api_base, repository, &config.update_channel).await {
            Ok(release) => {
                let detail = detail_from_release(config, &release);
                *self.entry.lock().await = Some(CachedRelease {
@@ -85,13 +87,27 @@ impl ReleaseCache {
 pub(crate) async fn fetch_latest(
    api_base: &str,
    repository: &str,
+    update_channel: &str,
 ) -> Result<GitHubRelease, OperationError> {
    validate_api_base(api_base).map_err(conflict)?;
    validate_repository(repository)?;
-    let url = format!(
-        "{}/{repository}/releases/latest",
-        api_base.trim_end_matches('/')
-    );
+    let base = api_base.trim_end_matches('/');
+    // GitHub 的 /releases/latest 永远只返回正式版；preview 渠道需要覆盖
+    // prerelease，因此改查列表端点并取最新一条非草稿 Release。
+    if update_channel == "preview" {
+        let releases: Vec<GitHubRelease> =
+            fetch_release_json(&format!("{base}/{repository}/releases?per_page=10")).await?;
+        return releases
+            .into_iter()
+            .find(|release| !release.draft)
+            .ok_or_else(|| upstream("no published release available"));
+    }
+    fetch_release_json(&format!("{base}/{repository}/releases/latest")).await
+}
+
+async fn fetch_release_json<T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned>(
+    url: &str,
+) -> Result<T, OperationError> {
    let client = reqwest::Client::builder()
        .timeout(Duration::from_secs(30))
        .redirect(reqwest::redirect::Policy::none())
@@ -111,7 +127,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn fetch_latest(
        )));
    }
    response
-        .json::<GitHubRelease>()
+        .json::<T>()
        .await
        .map_err(|error| upstream(format!("invalid GitHub release response: {error}")))
 }
@@ -121,12 +137,13 @@ pub(crate) fn detail_from_release(
    release: &GitHubRelease,
 ) -> SystemUpdateDetail {
    let latest = normalize_version(&release.tag_name);
-    let available = (config.update_channel != "stable" || !release.prerelease)
+    let newer = (config.update_channel != "stable" || !release.prerelease)
        && version_is_newer(&config.version, &latest).unwrap_or(false);
+    let cross_major = versions_cross_major(&config.version, &latest).unwrap_or(false);
    SystemUpdateDetail {
        current_version: config.version.clone(),
-        latest_version: latest,
-        has_update: available,
+        latest_version: latest.clone(),
+        has_update: newer && !cross_major,
        deployment_mode: config.deployment_mode.clone(),
        build_type: config.build_type.clone(),
        release_url: release.html_url.clone(),
@@ -134,7 +151,9 @@ pub(crate) fn detail_from_release(
        cached: false,
        update_supported: config.update_support_error().is_none(),
        unsupported_reason: config.update_support_error(),
-        warning: None,
+        warning: (newer && cross_major).then(|| {
+            format!("检测到新的大版本 v{latest}：跨大版本升级不提供自动更新，请按发布说明手动迁移")
+        }),
    }
 }

@@ -265,6 +284,13 @@ fn version_is_newer(current: &str, latest: &str) -> Option<bool> {
    Some(latest > current)
 }

+/// 自动更新只在同 major 内提供；跨大版本的配置与数据迁移契约不保证兼容。
+pub(crate) fn versions_cross_major(current: &str, latest: &str) -> Option<bool> {
+    let current = semver::Version::parse(&normalize_version(current)).ok()?;
+    let latest = semver::Version::parse(&normalize_version(latest)).ok()?;
+    Some(current.major != latest.major)
+}
+
 fn repository_character(character: char) -> bool {
    character.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || matches!(character, '-' | '_' | '.')
 }
@@ -272,7 +298,6 @@ fn repository_character(character: char) -> bool {
 fn platform_os_aliases() -> &'static [&'static str] {
    match env::consts::OS {
        "macos" => &["macos", "darwin"],
-        "windows" => &["windows", "win32"],
        "linux" => &["linux"],
        _ => &[env::consts::OS],
    }
@@ -108,22 +108,19 @@ impl WorkerSupervisor {
        Ok(())
    }

-    /// 先协作取消；超时后 abort 不合作任务，lease 依赖 TTL 兜底。
+    /// 先协作取消；所有任务共享同一绝对截止点，逾期任务被 abort，
+    /// lease 依赖 TTL 兜底。每个句柄恰好 join 一次：已在截止点前退出的
+    /// 不会被二次 poll，逾期的在 abort 后等待其真正终止。
    pub async fn shutdown(&self, timeout: Duration) {
        self.cancellation.cancel();
-        let mut handles = std::mem::take(&mut *lock_unpoisoned(&self.handles));
-        let joined = tokio::time::timeout(timeout, async {
-            for (_, handle) in &mut handles {
-                let _ = handle.await;
-            }
-        })
-        .await
-        .is_ok();
-        if !joined {
-            for (_, handle) in &handles {
+        let handles = std::mem::take(&mut *lock_unpoisoned(&self.handles));
+        let deadline = tokio::time::Instant::now() + timeout;
+        for (_, mut handle) in handles {
+            if tokio::time::timeout_at(deadline, &mut handle)
+                .await
+                .is_err()
+            {
                handle.abort();
-            }
-            for (_, handle) in handles {
                let _ = handle.await;
            }
        }
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use gateway_core::engine::CancellationToken;
+use gateway_core::lifecycle::ConnectionLifecycle as _;
 use gateway_host::HostBundle;
+use gateway_host::serve::{ConnectionTracker, bind_listener};

 #[test]
 fn host_bundle_serve_is_a_consuming_process_entrypoint() {
@@ -6,3 +12,83 @@ fn host_bundle_serve_is_a_consuming_process_entrypoint() {

    assert_eq!(std::mem::size_of_val(&_serve), 0);
 }
+
+#[tokio::test(start_paused = true)]
+async fn wait_until_idle_should_return_immediately_without_active_connections() {
+    let tracker = ConnectionTracker::new(CancellationToken::new());
+    let started = tokio::time::Instant::now();
+
+    tracker.wait_until_idle(Duration::from_secs(30)).await;
+
+    assert_eq!(started.elapsed(), Duration::ZERO);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(start_paused = true)]
+async fn wait_until_idle_should_give_up_at_timeout_while_connections_remain() {
+    let tracker = ConnectionTracker::new(CancellationToken::new());
+    let _guard = tracker.try_register().expect("register connection");
+    let started = tokio::time::Instant::now();
+
+    tracker.wait_until_idle(Duration::from_secs(30)).await;
+
+    assert_eq!(started.elapsed(), Duration::from_secs(30));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn wait_until_idle_should_wake_when_last_guard_drops_after_first_poll() {
+    let tracker = ConnectionTracker::new(CancellationToken::new());
+    let guard = tracker.try_register().expect("register connection");
+    let mut wait = Box::pin(tracker.wait_until_idle(Duration::from_secs(30)));
+    assert!(futures::poll!(wait.as_mut()).is_pending());
+
+    drop(guard);
+
+    tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(2), wait)
+        .await
+        .expect("woken by last guard drop instead of waiting out the timeout");
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
+async fn wait_until_idle_should_observe_guard_drop_racing_the_idle_check() {
+    // 回归约束：notified 必须在读取活跃计数前完成注册（enable），否则最后
+    // 一个 guard 在计数检查与首次 poll 之间 drop 时唤醒丢失，只能等满整个
+    // 超时。多线程反复交错，任何一次丢唤醒都会撞上 2s 超时并触发断言。
+    for _ in 0..256 {
+        let tracker = Arc::new(ConnectionTracker::new(CancellationToken::new()));
+        let guard = tracker.try_register().expect("register connection");
+        let waiter = tokio::spawn({
+            let tracker = Arc::clone(&tracker);
+            async move { tracker.wait_until_idle(Duration::from_secs(2)).await }
+        });
+        let dropper = std::thread::spawn(move || drop(guard));
+        let started = std::time::Instant::now();
+        waiter.await.expect("waiter completes");
+        dropper.join().expect("dropper completes");
+        assert!(
+            started.elapsed() < Duration::from_millis(1_900),
+            "idle wakeup was lost and the waiter slept until the drain timeout"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn bind_listener_should_retry_until_previous_listener_releases_port() {
+    let holder = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0")
+        .await
+        .expect("holder listener");
+    let address = holder.local_addr().expect("holder address").to_string();
+    tokio::spawn(async move {
+        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(300)).await;
+        drop(holder);
+    });
+
+    let listener = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(8), bind_listener(&address))
+        .await
+        .expect("bound within the retry window")
+        .expect("bound after the previous listener released the port");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        listener.local_addr().expect("bound address").to_string(),
+        address
+    );
+}
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::fs;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;

 use filetime::FileTime;
@@ -18,7 +19,8 @@ use tar::{Builder, EntryType, Header};
 use wiremock::matchers::{method, path};
 use wiremock::{Mock, MockServer, ResponseTemplate};

-const TARGET_VERSION: &str = "9.9.9";
+const TARGET_VERSION: &str = "1.9.9";
+const CROSS_MAJOR_VERSION: &str = "2.0.0";

 #[tokio::test]
 async fn restart_should_not_shutdown_when_replacement_spawn_fails() {
@@ -78,6 +80,49 @@ async fn restart_should_spawn_replacement_before_shutdown_outside_docker() {
    .expect("replacement executed before fixture cleanup");
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn restart_should_conflict_while_another_system_operation_is_running() {
+    let fixture = Fixture::new();
+    // 裸 TCP 监听不回包：update 持有操作锁后停在 release 拉取阶段，accept
+    // 信号保证断言时锁一定已被占用。
+    let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0")
+        .await
+        .expect("release listener");
+    let api_base = format!("http://{}/repos", listener.local_addr().expect("addr"));
+    let (connected_tx, connected_rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
+    tokio::spawn(async move {
+        let connection = listener.accept().await;
+        let _ = connected_tx.send(());
+        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(30)).await;
+        drop(connection);
+    });
+    let mut config = fixture.config(&api_base);
+    config.self_restart_enabled = true;
+    config.deployment_mode = "docker".to_owned();
+    let shutdown = CancellationToken::new();
+    let service = Arc::new(ProcessSystemOperations::new(shutdown.clone(), config));
+    let update = tokio::spawn({
+        let service = Arc::clone(&service);
+        async move {
+            service
+                .perform_update(Some(TARGET_VERSION.to_owned()))
+                .await
+        }
+    });
+    tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(5), connected_rx)
+        .await
+        .expect("update reaches release fetch while holding the operation lock")
+        .expect("connected signal");
+
+    let error = service.restart().await.expect_err("restart during update");
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), SystemOperationErrorKind::Conflict);
+    assert!(!shutdown.is_cancelled());
+
+    update.abort();
+    let _ = update.await;
+    service.restart().await.expect("restart after lock release");
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn rollback_should_restore_binary_web_and_version_state() {
    let server = MockServer::start().await;
@@ -134,6 +179,40 @@ async fn update_detail_should_fallback_to_cache_when_refresh_fetch_fails() {
    );
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn update_detail_should_offer_latest_non_draft_prerelease_on_preview_channel() {
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    let fixture = Fixture::new();
+    Mock::given(method("GET"))
+        .and(path("/repos/owner/repository/releases"))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(serde_json::json!([
+            {
+                "tag_name": "v1.2.0-beta.2",
+                "name": "Draft 1.2.0-beta.2",
+                "prerelease": true,
+                "draft": true,
+                "assets": [],
+            },
+            {
+                "tag_name": "v1.1.0-beta.1",
+                "name": "Release 1.1.0-beta.1",
+                "body": "notes",
+                "html_url": "https://github.com/owner/repository/releases",
+                "prerelease": true,
+                "assets": [],
+            },
+        ])))
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+    let mut config = fixture.config(&format!("{}/repos", server.uri()));
+    config.update_channel = "preview".to_owned();
+    let service = ProcessSystemOperations::new(CancellationToken::new(), config);
+
+    let detail = service.update_detail(true).await.expect("detail");
+    assert_eq!(detail.latest_version, "1.1.0-beta.1");
+    assert!(detail.has_update);
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn update_detail_should_reject_untrusted_github_api_base() {
    let fixture = Fixture::new();
@@ -174,6 +253,43 @@ async fn update_detail_should_use_cached_release_when_not_refreshed() {
    assert!(service.update_detail(false).await.is_ok());
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn update_detail_should_withhold_cross_major_release() {
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    let fixture = Fixture::new();
+    fixture
+        .mount_release_once(&server, CROSS_MAJOR_VERSION)
+        .await;
+
+    let detail = fixture
+        .service(&server)
+        .update_detail(true)
+        .await
+        .expect("detail");
+    assert_eq!(detail.latest_version, CROSS_MAJOR_VERSION);
+    assert!(!detail.has_update);
+    assert!(detail.warning.is_some());
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn update_should_reject_cross_major_target_before_fetching_release() {
+    let fixture = Fixture::new();
+    let service = ProcessSystemOperations::new(
+        CancellationToken::new(),
+        fixture.config("http://127.0.0.1:1/repos"),
+    );
+
+    let error = service
+        .perform_update(Some(CROSS_MAJOR_VERSION.to_owned()))
+        .await
+        .expect_err("cross-major target must be rejected");
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), SystemOperationErrorKind::Conflict);
+    assert_eq!(
+        fs::read(fixture.executable()).expect("binary"),
+        b"old-binary"
+    );
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn update_events_should_close_after_terminal_update_log() {
    let fixture = Fixture::new();
@@ -204,6 +320,68 @@ async fn update_events_should_open_authenticated_sse_stream() {
    assert!(stream.next().await.is_some());
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn update_events_should_preserve_complete_release_stage_sequence() {
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    let fixture = Fixture::new();
+    fixture
+        .mount_release(
+            &server,
+            TARGET_VERSION,
+            ArchiveKind::Safe,
+            ChecksumKind::Valid,
+        )
+        .await;
+    let service = fixture.service(&server);
+    let events = service.update_events();
+    service
+        .perform_update(Some(TARGET_VERSION.to_owned()))
+        .await
+        .expect("update");
+    let steps = events
+        .map(|event| event.step.expect("release update step"))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        steps,
+        [
+            "release", "prepare", "asset", "asset", "verify", "prepare", "download", "download",
+            "download", "checksum", "checksum", "extract", "extract", "replace", "replace", "done",
+        ]
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn update_events_should_report_download_bytes_and_percent() {
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    let fixture = Fixture::new();
+    fixture
+        .mount_release(
+            &server,
+            TARGET_VERSION,
+            ArchiveKind::Safe,
+            ChecksumKind::Valid,
+        )
+        .await;
+    let service = fixture.service(&server);
+    let events = service.update_events();
+    service
+        .perform_update(Some(TARGET_VERSION.to_owned()))
+        .await
+        .expect("update");
+    let progress = events
+        .filter_map(
+            |event| async move { event.progress_percent.map(|value| (value, event.message)) },
+        )
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .await;
+
+    assert!(progress.iter().any(|(percent, message)| {
+        *percent == 100 && message.starts_with("已下载 ") && message.ends_with(" (100%)")
+    }));
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn update_should_fail_when_release_checksum_is_missing() {
    let server = MockServer::start().await;
@@ -335,7 +513,7 @@ async fn update_should_reject_when_confirmed_target_differs_from_remote_latest()
    let server = MockServer::start().await;
    let fixture = Fixture::new();
    fixture
-        .mount_release(&server, "9.9.8", ArchiveKind::Safe, ChecksumKind::Valid)
+        .mount_release(&server, "1.9.8", ArchiveKind::Safe, ChecksumKind::Valid)
        .await;

    assert!(
@@ -626,6 +626,55 @@ async fn shutdown_timeout_aborts_uncooperative_task_and_drops_guard() {
    );
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn shutdown_timeout_must_not_rejoin_workers_that_already_exited() {
+    // 挂死任务放在 join 顺序最末的 kind（Retention），保证超时触发时
+    // 排在它前面的合作任务句柄都已被 join 过一次。
+    let hung = HungTask {
+        entered: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+        notification: Arc::new(Notify::new()),
+    };
+    let cooperative = CancellationTask {
+        entered: Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0)),
+        observed: Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0)),
+    };
+    let mut plan = ACTIVE_KINDS
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|kind| {
+            if kind == WorkerKind::Retention {
+                registration(kind, kind.as_str(), hung.clone(), test_schedule(), true)
+            } else {
+                registration(
+                    kind,
+                    kind.as_str(),
+                    cooperative.clone(),
+                    test_schedule(),
+                    true,
+                )
+            }
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    plan.push(WorkerContribution::Disabled {
+        kind: WorkerKind::OpsFlush,
+        reason: WorkerDisabledReason::NoBufferedOpsEvents,
+    });
+    let leases = Arc::new(FakeLeasePort::default());
+    let supervisor = supervisor();
+    supervisor
+        .start(plan, leases.clone())
+        .expect("complete plan");
+    hung.notification.notified().await;
+    wait_until(|| cooperative.entered.load(Ordering::SeqCst) == ACTIVE_KINDS.len() - 1).await;
+
+    supervisor.shutdown(Duration::from_millis(100)).await;
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        cooperative.observed.load(Ordering::SeqCst),
+        ACTIVE_KINDS.len() - 1
+    );
+    assert!(lock_unpoisoned(&leases.active_guards).is_empty());
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn running_worker_becomes_unhealthy_when_last_success_is_stale() {
    let task = SucceedsThenHangsTask {
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More