chore: bump version to 3.2.4

Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ updates:
       day: monday
       time: '09:10'
       timezone: Asia/Shanghai
+    # 固定官方 Codex Desktop 的 TLS 指纹；升级前必须抓取握手并比对扩展顺序。
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: hyper-rustls
+      - dependency-name: reqwest
+      - dependency-name: rustls
     groups:
       minor-and-patch:
         update-types:

.github/workflows/_container.yml

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:
           ${{ hashFiles('trivy-results.sarif') != '' &&
               (github.event_name != 'pull_request' ||
                github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository) }}
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@e4fba868fa4b1b91e1fdab776edc8cfbe6e9fb81 # v4.37.3
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@5595ccaf912efad79be6eef63a5619ff05969be3 # v4.37.6
         with:
           sarif_file: trivy-results.sarif
           category: runtime-container

.github/workflows/_quality.yml

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ jobs:
           components: rustfmt,clippy
 
       - name: Cache Rust
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@6323deb102c322ba6fcbdcafc7e3dddab59af2b6 # v2.9.2
         with:
           workspaces: backend -> target
 
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}
 
       - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0ebf47130e4866e96fce0953f49152a61190b271 # v6.0.9
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0977fd99725f1db4007ccb2928dbb4e90d06cc86 # v6.0.10
         with:
           version: 11.7.0
 

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Detect affected checks
         id: filter
-        uses: dorny/paths-filter@7b450fff21473bca461d4b92ce414b9d0420d706 # v4.0.2
+        uses: dorny/paths-filter@ceb8a2b8f2d89434be7ff52d3de7ec3738c5cc9d # v4.0.3
         with:
           filters: |
             backend:

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 name: Release
 
 on:
-  push:
-    tags:
-      - 'v*'
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
       tag:
@@ -15,7 +12,7 @@ permissions:
   contents: read
 
 concurrency:
-  group: release-${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.tag || github.ref_name }}
+  group: release-${{ inputs.tag }}
   cancel-in-progress: false
 
 env:
@@ -43,14 +40,14 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
-          ref: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.tag || github.ref }}
+          ref: ${{ inputs.tag }}
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: Read release metadata
         id: version
         shell: bash
         env:
-          RELEASE_TAG: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.tag || github.ref_name }}
+          RELEASE_TAG: ${{ inputs.tag }}
         run: |
           ruby <<'RUBY' >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
           require "json"
@@ -188,9 +185,9 @@ jobs:
             ~/.cargo/registry
             ~/.cargo/git
             backend/target
-          key: cargo-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ hashFiles('backend/Cargo.lock') }}
+          key: cargo-v2-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ hashFiles('backend/Cargo.lock', 'backend/rust-toolchain.toml', 'backend/**/Cargo.toml', 'backend/.cargo/config.toml') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            cargo-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-
+            cargo-v2-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-
 
       - name: Build binary
         shell: bash
@@ -253,9 +250,9 @@ jobs:
             ~/.cargo/registry
             ~/.cargo/git
             backend/target
-          key: cargo-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ hashFiles('backend/Cargo.lock') }}
+          key: cargo-v2-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ hashFiles('backend/Cargo.lock', 'backend/rust-toolchain.toml', 'backend/**/Cargo.toml', 'backend/.cargo/config.toml') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            cargo-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-
+            cargo-v2-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-
 
       - name: Build binary
         shell: bash
@@ -378,7 +375,7 @@ jobs:
           PY
 
       - name: Generate release asset provenance
-        uses: actions/attest@f7c74d28b9d84cb8768d0b8ca14a4bac6ef463e6 # v4.2.0
+        uses: actions/attest@1e69f48acb82d1966a394da916b4c1698aa569d6 # v4.2.2
         with:
           subject-path: dist/release/*
 
@@ -454,7 +451,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@bb05f3f5519dd87d3ba754cc423b652a5edd6d2c # v4.2.0
 
       - name: Login to GHCR
-        uses: docker/login-action@abd2ef45e78c5afb21d64d4ca52ee8550d9572c7 # v4.5.1
+        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -471,8 +468,8 @@ jobs:
           push: true
           build-args: |
             CPR_PREBUILT_DIR=dist/docker
-          cache-from: type=gha,scope=runtime-prebuilt-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
-          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max,scope=runtime-prebuilt-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          cache-from: type=registry,ref=${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:buildcache-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          cache-to: type=registry,ref=${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:buildcache-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }},mode=min
           provenance: mode=max
           sbom: true
           labels: |
@@ -525,7 +522,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@6f9f17788090df1f26f669e9d70d6ae9567deba6 # v4.1.2
 
       - name: Login to GHCR
-        uses: docker/login-action@abd2ef45e78c5afb21d64d4ca52ee8550d9572c7 # v4.5.1
+        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -584,7 +581,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "digest=${digest}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - name: Generate container provenance attestation
-        uses: actions/attest@f7c74d28b9d84cb8768d0b8ca14a4bac6ef463e6 # v4.2.0
+        uses: actions/attest@1e69f48acb82d1966a394da916b4c1698aa569d6 # v4.2.2
         with:
           subject-name: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
           subject-digest: ${{ steps.manifest.outputs.digest }}
@@ -626,7 +623,7 @@ jobs:
           make_latest: ${{ needs.release-info.outputs.prerelease == 'true' && 'false' || 'true' }}
           body: |
             > [!WARNING]
-            > **Upgrading across major versions?** Database schema and configuration are only compatible within a major version, and the one-click self-update refuses cross-major targets (releases before 3.0 lack this gate — do not use their built-in update to reach a newer major). Deploy the new major fresh (new `.runtime/` data directory) and re-import or re-authorize provider accounts and client keys. See the [upgrade notes](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/blob/main/deploy/README.md#镜像升级与源码构建).
+            > **Upgrading across major versions?** Online upgrades across major versions are not supported. Deploy the new major fresh with a new `.runtime/` data directory, then re-import or re-authorize provider accounts and client keys. See the [upgrade notes](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/blob/main/deploy/README.md#镜像升级与源码构建).
 
             ## 📥 Installation
 

.github/workflows/security-scan.yml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1a3a6d54512beeaffd394f8d516ca16f2c506a20 # 1.97
 
       - name: Cache Rust
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@6323deb102c322ba6fcbdcafc7e3dddab59af2b6 # v2.9.2
         with:
           workspaces: backend -> target
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
 
       - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0ebf47130e4866e96fce0953f49152a61190b271 # v6.0.9
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0977fd99725f1db4007ccb2928dbb4e90d06cc86 # v6.0.10
         with:
           version: 11.7.0
 

.gitignore

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ Thumbs.db
 /.codex-ws-audit/
 /.agents/
 /.reasonix/
+/.claude
 /.worktrees/
 /worktrees/
 /.cargo/

README.md

@@ -168,10 +168,8 @@ docker compose -f deploy/compose.yaml up -d
 > 运行状态。
 
 > [!WARNING]
-> 跨大版本不是原地升级：数据库 schema 与配置只在同一大版本内兼容，内置一键自更新
-> 会拒绝跨大版本目标（3.0 之前的旧版没有这道门禁，不要用旧版界面的一键更新跨大版本）。
-> 升级到新的大版本需要全新部署（全新 `.runtime/` 数据目录），并重新导入或重新授权
-> Provider 账号与客户端 Key。
+> 不支持跨大版本在线升级。升级到新的大版本时，请使用全新的 `.runtime/` 数据目录重新部署，
+> 并重新导入或重新授权 Provider 账号与客户端 Key。
 
 Compose 默认只绑定 `127.0.0.1`。公网接入应使用 HTTPS 反向代理，转发 WebSocket
 upgrade 与真实客户端 IP；不要暴露 PostgreSQL 或 Redis。
@@ -184,9 +182,10 @@ upgrade 与真实客户端 IP；不要暴露 PostgreSQL 或 Redis。
 release/publish <version>
 ```
 
-脚本会更新 `release/version.yaml`、创建约定提交与带注释的 `v<version>` tag，并原子推送分支和 tag。
-不要手工修改版本后单独打 tag。该脚本只发布仓库版本和触发 Release 构建，不会登录服务器，也不会
-改变任何运行实例；源码提交、仓库发版和实例升级是三个独立状态。
+脚本依赖已登录的 GitHub CLI（`gh auth login`）。它会更新 `release/version.yaml`、创建约定提交与带
+注释的 `v<version>` tag，原子推送分支和 tag，再从发布分支触发 Release 构建，使构建缓存可以跨版本
+复用。不要手工修改版本后单独打 tag。该脚本不会登录服务器，也不会改变任何运行实例；源码提交、
+仓库发版和实例升级是三个独立状态。
 
 ## 文档
 

backend/apps/gateway/Cargo.toml

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["rt-multi-th
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 config = { version = "0.15.23", default-features = false, features = ["yaml"] }
+serde_json = "1"
 syn = { version = "3.0.3", features = ["full"] }
 tempfile = "3.27.0"
 

backend/apps/gateway/src/bootstrap.rs

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ pub async fn run() -> Result<(), BootstrapError> {
     let providers = ProviderRegistry::new([openai.core_provider(), xai.core_provider()])?;
     let mut core = gateway_core::initialize(store.core_ports(), providers).await?;
     host.report_startup_ready("Core");
-    let admin = gateway_admin::initialize(
+    let mut admin = gateway_admin::initialize(
         admin,
         store.admin_ports(),
         vec![openai.admin_provider(), xai.admin_provider()],
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ pub async fn run() -> Result<(), BootstrapError> {
     plan.extend(core.take_worker_contributions());
     plan.extend(openai.take_worker_contributions());
     plan.extend(xai.take_worker_contributions());
+    plan.extend(admin.take_worker_contributions());
     host.start_workers(plan, store.worker_leader_lease())?;
     host.report_startup_ready("Workers");
     host.serve(api.router()).await?;

backend/apps/gateway/src/main.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 use std::{env, error::Error, io};
 
+use provider_openai::transport::tls::ensure_rustls_provider;
+
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    ensure_rustls_provider();
     let mut arguments = env::args_os().skip(1);
     match arguments.next().as_deref().and_then(|value| value.to_str()) {
         None | Some("serve") => {

backend/apps/gateway/tests/architecture.rs

@@ -82,6 +82,91 @@ fn gateway_admin_stays_free_of_infrastructure_dependencies() {
     );
 }
 
+/// workspace 包名到冻结成员路径的映射。
+const PACKAGE_TO_MEMBER: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "apps/gateway"),
+    ("gateway-admin", "crates/gateway-admin"),
+    ("gateway-api", "crates/gateway-api"),
+    ("gateway-core", "crates/gateway-core"),
+    ("gateway-host", "crates/gateway-host"),
+    ("gateway-protocol", "crates/gateway-protocol"),
+    ("gateway-store", "crates/gateway-store"),
+    ("provider-openai", "crates/providers/openai"),
+    ("provider-xai", "crates/providers/xai"),
+];
+
+/// 冻结的 workspace 内部运行时依赖边；新增/删除任何边都必须同步本表。
+const ALLOWED_INTERNAL_EDGES: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "gateway-admin"),
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "gateway-api"),
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "gateway-core"),
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "gateway-host"),
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "gateway-store"),
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "provider-openai"),
+    ("codex-proxy-rs", "provider-xai"),
+    ("gateway-admin", "gateway-core"),
+    ("gateway-api", "gateway-admin"),
+    ("gateway-api", "gateway-core"),
+    ("gateway-api", "gateway-protocol"),
+    ("gateway-host", "gateway-admin"),
+    ("gateway-host", "gateway-core"),
+    ("gateway-store", "gateway-admin"),
+    ("gateway-store", "gateway-core"),
+    ("provider-openai", "gateway-admin"),
+    ("provider-openai", "gateway-core"),
+    ("provider-openai", "gateway-protocol"),
+    ("provider-xai", "gateway-admin"),
+    ("provider-xai", "gateway-core"),
+    ("provider-xai", "gateway-protocol"),
+];
+
+#[test]
+fn workspace_internal_dependency_edges_match_frozen_dag() {
+    let metadata = cargo_metadata_json();
+    let packages = metadata["packages"]
+        .as_array()
+        .expect("cargo metadata packages");
+    let internal_names: std::collections::BTreeSet<&str> =
+        PACKAGE_TO_MEMBER.iter().map(|(name, _)| *name).collect();
+
+    let mut actual: Vec<(String, String)> = Vec::new();
+    for package in packages {
+        let name = package["name"].as_str().expect("package name");
+        if !internal_names.contains(name) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for dependency in package["dependencies"].as_array().into_iter().flatten() {
+            let dep_name = dependency["name"].as_str().expect("dependency name");
+            if !internal_names.contains(dep_name) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let is_runtime_edge = dependency["dep_kinds"]
+                .as_array()
+                .map(|kinds| {
+                    kinds
+                        .iter()
+                        .any(|kind| kind["kind"].as_str() == Some("normal"))
+                })
+                .unwrap_or(true);
+            if is_runtime_edge {
+                actual.push((name.to_owned(), dep_name.to_owned()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut expected: Vec<(String, String)> = ALLOWED_INTERNAL_EDGES
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(from, to)| ((*from).to_owned(), (*to).to_owned()))
+        .collect();
+    actual.sort();
+    expected.sort();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        actual, expected,
+        "workspace internal dependency edges diverged from the frozen DAG"
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn production_sources_do_not_host_tests() {
     for member in WORKSPACE_MEMBERS {
@@ -107,6 +192,20 @@ fn backend_root() -> PathBuf {
         .expect("backend workspace root")
 }
 
+fn cargo_metadata_json() -> serde_json::Value {
+    let output = std::process::Command::new("cargo")
+        .args(["metadata", "--format-version", "1", "--no-deps"])
+        .current_dir(backend_root())
+        .output()
+        .expect("run cargo metadata");
+    assert!(
+        output.status.success(),
+        "cargo metadata failed: {}",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
+    );
+    serde_json::from_slice(&output.stdout).expect("parse cargo metadata")
+}
+
 /// 提取成员 `[dependencies]` 段内声明的依赖名;段落以下一个 `[` 表头结束。
 fn dependency_names(member: &str) -> Vec<String> {
     let manifest = fs::read_to_string(backend_root().join(member).join("Cargo.toml"))

backend/apps/gateway/tests/bootstrap.rs

@@ -134,8 +134,11 @@ fn config_loader_should_reject_removed_fingerprint_section() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn config_loader_should_reject_invalid_codex_core_version() {
-    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace("codex_version: '0.145.0'", "codex_version: 'latest'"));
+fn config_loader_should_reject_invalid_codex_cli_version() {
+    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace(
+        "codex_version: '0.147.0-alpha.6.6'",
+        "codex_version: 'latest'",
+    ));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -154,7 +157,7 @@ fn config_loader_should_reject_zero_server_port() {
 
 #[test]
 fn config_loader_should_reject_invalid_desktop_profile_fields() {
-    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace("desktop_build: '5828'", "desktop_build: 'build'"));
+    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace("desktop_build: '6415'", "desktop_build: 'build'"));
 }
 
 fn assert_rejected(config: String) {

backend/crates/gateway-admin/Cargo.toml

@@ -26,9 +26,14 @@ subtle = "2.6.1"
 thiserror = "2.0.18"
 tracing = "0.1.44"
 uuid = { version = "1.23.3", features = ["v7"] }
+cron = "0.17"
+chrono-tz = "0.10"
+tokio = { version = "1.52", features = ["rt", "time", "macros"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 serde_json = { version = "1.0.150", features = ["arbitrary_precision", "preserve_order"] }
+sha2 = "0.11"
+tempfile = "3"
 tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["macros", "rt"] }
 
 [lints]

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/backup/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+//! 备份纯策略与 Worker 任务。
+
+pub mod policy;
+pub mod task;

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/backup/policy.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+//! 备份纯策略：Cron 推进与保留候选。
+//!
+//! 本模块不持有任何端口或对象，是 `BackupService` 与 `BackupTask` 共用的纯函数集。
+
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, TimeZone as _, Utc};
+use chrono_tz::Tz;
+use cron::Schedule;
+
+use crate::model::backup::{BackupError, BackupRecord, BackupStatus, code};
+
+/// 向历史回溯的最大范围（分钟）。覆盖 Feb 29 + 特定星期等罕见组合的最长间隔。
+const MAX_BACKDATE_MINUTES: i64 = 40 * 366 * 24 * 60;
+
+/// 已解析并校验的备份计划。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct BackupSchedule {
+    schedule: Schedule,
+    timezone: Tz,
+}
+
+impl BackupSchedule {
+    /// 解析并校验 5 段 Cron 与 IANA 时区。
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Cron 非法或时区不是 IANA 名称时返回 [`BackupError`]。
+    pub fn parse(cron_expression: &str, schedule_timezone: &str) -> Result<Self, BackupError> {
+        let expression = format!("0 {cron_expression}");
+        let schedule = Schedule::from_str(&expression).map_err(|_| {
+            BackupError::new(code::INVALID_CRON, "Cron 表达式必须是 5 段格式".to_owned())
+        })?;
+        let timezone = schedule_timezone.parse::<Tz>().map_err(|_| {
+            BackupError::new(code::INVALID_TIMEZONE, "时区必须是 IANA 名称".to_owned())
+        })?;
+        Ok(Self { schedule, timezone })
+    }
+
+    /// 返回最接近 `at`（含 `at` 所在分钟）的最近一次触发时间。
+    ///
+    /// 若过去 `MAX_BACKDATE_MINUTES` 内没有任何触发（极罕见的稀疏计划或超长停机），
+    /// 返回 `None`，调用方不应为历史点补任务。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn last_firing_at_or_before(&self, at: DateTime<Utc>) -> Option<DateTime<Utc>> {
+        let high_min = at.timestamp().div_euclid(60);
+        let low_min = high_min.saturating_sub(MAX_BACKDATE_MINUTES);
+
+        // 检查窗口内是否存在触发；不存在则直接返回 None。
+        let low_instant = instant(low_min, self.timezone)?;
+        if self
+            .schedule
+            .after(&low_instant)
+            .next()
+            .is_none_or(|firing| firing.timestamp() > high_min * 60 + 59)
+        {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        // 二分查找最小的 u（分钟）使 after(u) > high；prev = after(u - 1 分钟)。
+        let mut lo = low_min;
+        let mut hi = high_min;
+        while lo < hi {
+            let mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
+            if self
+                .firing_after(mid)
+                .is_some_and(|firing| firing > high_min)
+            {
+                hi = mid;
+            } else {
+                lo = mid + 1;
+            }
+        }
+        self.firing_after(lo - 1)
+            .filter(|&firing| firing <= high_min)
+            .and_then(|firing| Utc.timestamp_opt(firing * 60, 0).single())
+    }
+
+    /// 返回第一个严格晚于 `at` 的触发时间。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn next_after(&self, at: DateTime<Utc>) -> Option<DateTime<Utc>> {
+        let local = at.with_timezone(&self.timezone);
+        self.schedule
+            .after(&local)
+            .next()
+            .map(|firing| firing.with_timezone(&Utc))
+    }
+
+    /// `after(u 分钟)` 返回的第一个触发时间（分钟索引），用于二分搜索。
+    fn firing_after(&self, minute_index: i64) -> Option<i64> {
+        let instant = instant(minute_index, self.timezone)?;
+        self.schedule
+            .after(&instant)
+            .next()
+            .map(|firing| firing.timestamp().div_euclid(60))
+    }
+}
+
+/// 构造指定分钟索引（UTC epoch 分钟）在目标时区下的 `DateTime`。
+fn instant(minute_index: i64, timezone: Tz) -> Option<DateTime<Tz>> {
+    timezone.timestamp_opt(minute_index * 60, 0).single()
+}
+
+/// 一条记录被纳入删除流程的原因。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum RetentionReason {
+    /// 超过 `retention_days`。
+    Days,
+    /// 超过 `retention_count`。
+    Count,
+}
+
+/// 保留决策。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct RetentionDecision {
+    pub record_id: String,
+    pub reason: RetentionReason,
+}
+
+/// 从按完成时间倒序的 completed 计划备份中决定纳入删除流程的记录。
+///
+/// 规则（`docs/s3-backup-design-audit.md` §4.4）：
+/// - `retentionDays = 0` 时不按天数清理；`retentionCount = 0` 时不按份数清理。
+/// - 自动计划备份满足任一启用阈值即可进入删除。
+/// - 无论阈值如何，至少保留最近一个成功的计划备份（倒序下标 0）。
+/// - 手动备份不受自动阈值影响；无 TTL，仅由管理员手动删除。
+#[must_use]
+pub fn decide_retention(
+    retention_days: u32,
+    retention_count: u32,
+    now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    scheduled_completed_desc: &[BackupRecord],
+) -> Vec<RetentionDecision> {
+    let mut decisions = Vec::new();
+    for (index, record) in scheduled_completed_desc.iter().enumerate() {
+        if record.status != BackupStatus::Completed {
+            continue;
+        }
+        // 最近一个成功的计划备份永远保留。
+        if index == 0 {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let expired_by_days = retention_days > 0
+            && record.completed_at.is_some_and(|completed_at| {
+                completed_at <= now - Duration::days(i64::from(retention_days))
+            });
+        let exceeded_count =
+            retention_count > 0 && index >= usize::try_from(retention_count).unwrap_or(usize::MAX);
+        if expired_by_days || exceeded_count {
+            decisions.push(RetentionDecision {
+                record_id: record.id.clone(),
+                reason: if expired_by_days {
+                    RetentionReason::Days
+                } else {
+                    RetentionReason::Count
+                },
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    decisions
+}

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/backup/task.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,648 @@
+//! Backup Worker 贡献：单个可取消 `DaemonTask` 承担调度、执行、删除收敛与保留清理。
+//!
+//! 当前部署边界是单副本，因此不需要 Redis lease、fencing token 或 heartbeat。长时间
+//! `pg_dump` 与上传由本 Daemon 自身持有；Host 只负责 panic 后重启、健康与关闭。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use futures::future::BoxFuture;
+use gateway_core::{
+    engine::CancellationToken,
+    task::{DaemonTask, WorkerTaskError},
+};
+use tracing::{info, warn};
+
+use crate::{
+    model::backup::{
+        BackupError, BackupObjectMetadata, BackupRecord, BackupStatus, BackupStorageConfig,
+        BackupTriggerKind, build_backup_seed, code,
+    },
+    ports::backup::{
+        BackupObjectStorePort, BackupRepository, DatabaseDumpPort, DumpRequest,
+        StatusTransitionUpdate, UploadObjectRequest,
+    },
+};
+
+impl From<BackupError> for WorkerTaskError {
+    fn from(error: BackupError) -> Self {
+        WorkerTaskError::safe(error.message())
+    }
+}
+
+use super::policy::{BackupSchedule, decide_retention};
+
+/// 循环间隔：管理员修改 Cron 后该时长内生效；无工作时可取消等待。
+const BACKUP_LOOP_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
+/// 每个循环最多执行的保留删除数量。
+const RETENTION_BATCH_SIZE: usize = 10;
+/// 保留扫描一次读取的 completed 计划备份上限。
+const RETENTION_SCAN_LIMIT: u32 = 1000;
+/// 每个循环最多完成的待删除记录数量。
+const PENDING_DELETION_BATCH: u32 = 20;
+
+/// 备份 Daemon 任务。
+pub struct BackupTask {
+    repository: Arc<dyn BackupRepository>,
+    dump: Arc<dyn DatabaseDumpPort>,
+    object_store: Arc<dyn BackupObjectStorePort>,
+}
+
+impl BackupTask {
+    /// 组合仓储、导出器与对象存储适配器。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        repository: Arc<dyn BackupRepository>,
+        dump: Arc<dyn DatabaseDumpPort>,
+        object_store: Arc<dyn BackupObjectStorePort>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            repository,
+            dump,
+            object_store,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DaemonTask for BackupTask {
+    fn run(&self, cancellation: CancellationToken) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<(), WorkerTaskError>> {
+        Box::pin(async move { self.run_daemon(cancellation).await })
+    }
+}
+
+impl BackupTask {
+    async fn run_daemon(&self, cancellation: CancellationToken) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        loop {
+            if cancellation.is_cancelled() {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            self.run_cycle(&cancellation).await?;
+
+            tokio::select! {
+                _ = cancellation.cancelled() => return Ok(()),
+                _ = tokio::time::sleep(BACKUP_LOOP_INTERVAL) => {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 执行一个周期：推进计划、恢复中间态、删除收敛、领取执行一个任务、保留清理。
+    ///
+    /// 对外暴露以便集成测试逐周期驱动；daemon 循环内部复用。
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// 仓储或基础设施不可用、任务执行失败时返回 [`WorkerTaskError`]。
+    pub async fn run_cycle(&self, cancellation: &CancellationToken) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        if cancellation.is_cancelled() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        self.advance_schedule(Utc::now()).await?;
+        self.recover_intermediate(cancellation).await?;
+        self.finish_pending_deletions().await?;
+        self.process_next_task(cancellation).await?;
+        self.run_retention_batch(Utc::now()).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 推进到期计划并幂等插入 scheduled 任务。
+    async fn advance_schedule(&self, now: DateTime<Utc>) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let settings = self.repository.load_settings().await.map_err(repo_error)?;
+        if !settings.schedule_enabled {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let cron = settings.cron_expression.as_deref().unwrap_or_default();
+        let timezone = settings.schedule_timezone.as_deref().unwrap_or_default();
+        if cron.is_empty() || timezone.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let schedule = BackupSchedule::parse(cron, timezone)
+            .map_err(|_| WorkerTaskError::safe("backup schedule is invalid"))?;
+
+        let due = match settings.next_run_at {
+            Some(next_run_at) if next_run_at <= now => true,
+            Some(_) => false,
+            None => {
+                // 刚启用计划但尚无游标：直接初始化。
+                if let Some(next_run_at) = schedule.next_after(now) {
+                    let _ = self
+                        .repository
+                        .advance_schedule_cursor(next_run_at, cron, timezone)
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(repo_error)?;
+                }
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        };
+        if !due {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let scheduled_at = match schedule.last_firing_at_or_before(now) {
+            Some(scheduled_at) => scheduled_at,
+            None => {
+                // 无法从计划推导最近到期时间：推进游标避免反复触发。
+                if let Some(next_run_at) = schedule.next_after(now) {
+                    let _ = self
+                        .repository
+                        .advance_schedule_cursor(next_run_at, cron, timezone)
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(repo_error)?;
+                }
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        };
+        let prefix = settings.prefix.as_deref().unwrap_or_default();
+        let expires_at = if settings.retention_days > 0 {
+            Some(now + chrono::Duration::days(i64::from(settings.retention_days)))
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+        let seed = build_backup_seed(
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            Some(scheduled_at),
+            prefix,
+            now,
+            expires_at,
+        )
+        .map_err(infra_error)?;
+        let inserted = self
+            .repository
+            .insert_scheduled_record(seed)
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        if inserted {
+            info!(scheduled_at = %scheduled_at, "计划备份任务已创建");
+        } else {
+            warn!(scheduled_at = %scheduled_at, "计划时间点冲突，跳过并推进游标");
+        }
+        if let Some(next_run_at) = schedule.next_after(now) {
+            let _ = self
+                .repository
+                .advance_schedule_cursor(next_run_at, cron, timezone)
+                .await
+                .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 恢复中间状态（dumping/uploading/deleting）。
+    async fn recover_intermediate(
+        &self,
+        cancellation: &CancellationToken,
+    ) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let records = self
+            .repository
+            .list_intermediate_records()
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        for record in records {
+            match record.status {
+                BackupStatus::Dumping => self.recover_dumping(&record, cancellation).await?,
+                BackupStatus::Uploading => self.recover_uploading(&record, cancellation).await?,
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// dumping：有完整暂存则继续上传，否则清理暂存并标记失败。
+    async fn recover_dumping(
+        &self,
+        record: &BackupRecord,
+        cancellation: &CancellationToken,
+    ) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        match self.dump.inspect_staging(&record.id).await? {
+            Some(artifact) => {
+                let now = Utc::now();
+                let update = StatusTransitionUpdate {
+                    size_bytes: Some(artifact.size_bytes),
+                    sha256: Some(artifact.sha256.clone()),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                };
+                let Some(uploading_record) = self
+                    .repository
+                    .transition_status(
+                        &record.id,
+                        BackupStatus::Dumping,
+                        BackupStatus::Uploading,
+                        update,
+                        now,
+                    )
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(repo_error)?
+                else {
+                    return Ok(());
+                };
+                self.upload_and_verify(
+                    &uploading_record,
+                    &artifact.path,
+                    artifact.size_bytes,
+                    &artifact.sha256,
+                    now,
+                    cancellation,
+                )
+                .await?;
+            }
+            None => {
+                let _ = self.dump.cleanup_staging(&record.id).await;
+                self.fail_task(record, code::PG_DUMP_FAILED, "导出进程中断，暂存归档不完整")
+                    .await?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// uploading：远端匹配则补记完成，有完整暂存则重试上传，否则失败。
+    async fn recover_uploading(
+        &self,
+        record: &BackupRecord,
+        cancellation: &CancellationToken,
+    ) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let settings = self.repository.load_settings().await.map_err(repo_error)?;
+        let Some(config) = BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings) else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        if let Some(remote) = self
+            .object_store
+            .head_object(&config, &record.object_key)
+            .await?
+            && record.size_bytes == Some(remote.size_bytes)
+            && record.sha256.as_deref() == Some(remote.sha256.as_str())
+        {
+            let now = Utc::now();
+            self.repository
+                .transition_status(
+                    &record.id,
+                    BackupStatus::Uploading,
+                    BackupStatus::Completed,
+                    StatusTransitionUpdate::default(),
+                    now,
+                )
+                .await
+                .map_err(repo_error)?;
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        match self.dump.inspect_staging(&record.id).await? {
+            Some(artifact) => {
+                self.upload_and_verify(
+                    record,
+                    &artifact.path,
+                    artifact.size_bytes,
+                    &artifact.sha256,
+                    Utc::now(),
+                    cancellation,
+                )
+                .await
+            }
+            None => {
+                self.fail_task(
+                    record,
+                    code::S3_UPLOAD_FAILED,
+                    "远端对象缺失且本地无完整暂存",
+                )
+                .await
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 完成待删除记录（deleting → DeleteObject → 硬删除）。
+    async fn finish_pending_deletions(&self) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let settings = self.repository.load_settings().await.map_err(repo_error)?;
+        let Some(config) = BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings) else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        let records = self
+            .repository
+            .list_pending_deletions(PENDING_DELETION_BATCH)
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        for record in records {
+            if self
+                .object_store
+                .delete_object(&config, &record.object_key)
+                .await
+                .is_ok()
+            {
+                self.repository
+                    .delete_record(&record.id)
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(repo_error)?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 领取一个 queued 任务并执行导出、上传与远端校验。
+    async fn process_next_task(
+        &self,
+        cancellation: &CancellationToken,
+    ) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        let Some(record) = self
+            .repository
+            .claim_next_queued(now)
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?
+        else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        info!(
+            backup_id = %record.id,
+            attempt = record.attempt_count,
+            "领取备份任务"
+        );
+        if let Err(error) = self.execute_task(&record, cancellation).await {
+            warn!(backup_id = %record.id, error = %error, "备份任务执行失败");
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 执行单个任务；内部处理全部状态迁移。
+    async fn execute_task(
+        &self,
+        record: &BackupRecord,
+        cancellation: &CancellationToken,
+    ) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let settings = self.repository.load_settings().await.map_err(repo_error)?;
+        if BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings).is_none() {
+            return self
+                .fail_task(record, code::INVALID_CONFIG, "备份存储配置不完整")
+                .await;
+        }
+        if !settings.storage_verified() {
+            return self
+                .fail_task(record, code::INVALID_CONFIG, "备份存储配置尚未通过连接测试")
+                .await;
+        }
+
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        let artifact = match self
+            .dump
+            .dump(DumpRequest {
+                backup_id: record.id.clone(),
+                cancellation: cancellation.clone(),
+            })
+            .await
+        {
+            Ok(artifact) => artifact,
+            Err(error) => {
+                let (error_code, message) = classify_dump_error(error);
+                return self.fail_task(record, error_code, message).await;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // dumping → uploading，持久化 size/sha256。
+        let update = StatusTransitionUpdate {
+            size_bytes: Some(artifact.size_bytes),
+            sha256: Some(artifact.sha256.clone()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let Some(uploading_record) = self
+            .repository
+            .transition_status(
+                &record.id,
+                BackupStatus::Dumping,
+                BackupStatus::Uploading,
+                update,
+                now,
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?
+        else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+
+        self.upload_and_verify(
+            &uploading_record,
+            &artifact.path,
+            artifact.size_bytes,
+            &artifact.sha256,
+            now,
+            cancellation,
+        )
+        .await?;
+        let _ = self.dump.cleanup_staging(&record.id).await;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 上传 + 远端校验，内部完成终态迁移。
+    async fn upload_and_verify(
+        &self,
+        record: &BackupRecord,
+        source: &std::path::Path,
+        size_bytes: u64,
+        sha256: &str,
+        now: DateTime<Utc>,
+        cancellation: &CancellationToken,
+    ) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let settings = self.repository.load_settings().await.map_err(repo_error)?;
+        let Some(config) = BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings) else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        let store = self.object_store.clone();
+        let metadata =
+            BackupObjectMetadata::new(record.id.clone(), sha256.to_owned(), now, size_bytes);
+        if let Err(error) = store
+            .upload_file(
+                &config,
+                UploadObjectRequest {
+                    object_key: record.object_key.clone(),
+                    source: source.to_path_buf(),
+                    metadata,
+                    cancellation: cancellation.clone(),
+                },
+            )
+            .await
+        {
+            let _ = store.delete_object(&config, &record.object_key).await;
+            self.fail_task(
+                record,
+                error.code(),
+                format!("上传到对象存储失败：{}", error.message()),
+            )
+            .await?;
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        match store.head_object(&config, &record.object_key).await {
+            Ok(Some(remote)) if remote.size_bytes == size_bytes && remote.sha256 == sha256 => {
+                if self
+                    .repository
+                    .transition_status(
+                        &record.id,
+                        BackupStatus::Uploading,
+                        BackupStatus::Completed,
+                        StatusTransitionUpdate::default(),
+                        Utc::now(),
+                    )
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(repo_error)?
+                    .is_some()
+                {
+                    info!(
+                        backup_id = %record.id,
+                        size_bytes,
+                        "备份完成"
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(Some(remote)) => {
+                let size_matches = remote.size_bytes == size_bytes;
+                let sha256_matches = remote.sha256 == sha256;
+                warn!(
+                    backup_id = %record.id,
+                    expected_size_bytes = size_bytes,
+                    remote_size_bytes = remote.size_bytes,
+                    sha256_matches,
+                    "备份远端对象校验不一致"
+                );
+                let _ = store.delete_object(&config, &record.object_key).await;
+                self.fail_task(
+                    record,
+                    code::REMOTE_VERIFICATION_FAILED,
+                    match (size_matches, sha256_matches) {
+                        (false, true) => "远端对象大小不一致",
+                        (true, false) => "远端对象 sha256 校验值不一致",
+                        (false, false) => "远端对象大小和 sha256 校验值均不一致",
+                        (true, true) => "远端对象校验状态异常",
+                    },
+                )
+                .await?;
+            }
+            Ok(None) => {
+                warn!(backup_id = %record.id, "上传完成后未找到远端对象");
+                self.fail_task(
+                    record,
+                    code::REMOTE_VERIFICATION_FAILED,
+                    "上传完成后未找到远端对象",
+                )
+                .await?;
+            }
+            Err(error) => {
+                let _ = store.delete_object(&config, &record.object_key).await;
+                self.fail_task(
+                    record,
+                    error.code(),
+                    format!("远端对象校验失败：{}", error.message()),
+                )
+                .await?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 把活跃任务写入失败终态并清理暂存。
+    async fn fail_task(
+        &self,
+        record: &BackupRecord,
+        error_code: &'static str,
+        message: impl Into<String>,
+    ) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let message = message.into();
+        warn!(
+            backup_id = %record.id,
+            error_code,
+            error_message = %message,
+            "备份任务失败"
+        );
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        let update = StatusTransitionUpdate {
+            error_code: Some(error_code.to_string()),
+            error_message: Some(message),
+            completed_at: Some(now),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let _ = self
+            .repository
+            .transition_status(&record.id, record.status, BackupStatus::Failed, update, now)
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        let _ = self.dump.cleanup_staging(&record.id).await;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 执行一小批到期保留清理：先处理 `expires_at` 已到期的记录，再按天数/份数清理计划备份。
+    async fn run_retention_batch(&self, now: DateTime<Utc>) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let settings = self.repository.load_settings().await.map_err(repo_error)?;
+
+        // 1. expires_at 已到期的记录（手动或计划）无条件进入删除。
+        let expired = self
+            .repository
+            .list_expired_records(RETENTION_BATCH_SIZE as u32)
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        for record in expired {
+            let Some(record) = self
+                .repository
+                .transition_to_deleting(&record.id, now)
+                .await
+                .map_err(repo_error)?
+            else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            self.finalize_deletion(&record).await?;
+        }
+
+        // 2. 计划备份按 retentionDays / retentionCount 清理。
+        let records = self
+            .repository
+            .list_scheduled_completed_desc(RETENTION_SCAN_LIMIT)
+            .await
+            .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        let decisions = decide_retention(
+            settings.retention_days,
+            settings.retention_count,
+            now,
+            &records,
+        );
+        for decision in decisions.into_iter().take(RETENTION_BATCH_SIZE) {
+            let Some(record) = self
+                .repository
+                .transition_to_deleting(&decision.record_id, now)
+                .await
+                .map_err(repo_error)?
+            else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            self.finalize_deletion(&record).await?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 对已进入 deleting 的记录执行对象删除并硬删除记录行。
+    async fn finalize_deletion(&self, record: &BackupRecord) -> Result<(), WorkerTaskError> {
+        let settings = self.repository.load_settings().await.map_err(repo_error)?;
+        let Some(config) = BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings) else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        if self
+            .object_store
+            .delete_object(&config, &record.object_key)
+            .await
+            .is_ok()
+        {
+            self.repository
+                .delete_record(&record.id)
+                .await
+                .map_err(repo_error)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn classify_dump_error(error: BackupError) -> (&'static str, &'static str) {
+    match error.code() {
+        code::CANCELLED => (code::CANCELLED, "备份已取消"),
+        code::STAGING_SPACE_EXHAUSTED => (code::STAGING_SPACE_EXHAUSTED, "暂存磁盘空间不足"),
+        _ => (code::PG_DUMP_FAILED, "数据库导出失败"),
+    }
+}
+
+fn repo_error(error: crate::ports::store::AdminStoreError) -> WorkerTaskError {
+    WorkerTaskError::safe(format!("backup store failed: {error}"))
+}
+
+fn infra_error(error: BackupError) -> WorkerTaskError {
+    WorkerTaskError::safe(error.message())
+}

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/lib.rs

@@ -2,23 +2,28 @@
 //!
 //! 本 crate 不包含 HTTP wire、数据库实现或具体 Provider 实现。
 
-use std::{fmt, path::Path, sync::Arc};
+use std::{fmt, path::Path, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
 
 use gateway_core::{
     engine::probe::AccountProbe,
     routing::{ProviderKind, snapshot::SnapshotControl},
+    task::{
+        DaemonRestartPolicy, WorkerContribution, WorkerId, WorkerKind, WorkerRegistration,
+        WorkerRunnable,
+    },
 };
 use secrecy::{ExposeSecret as _, SecretString};
 use serde::Deserialize;
 
+pub mod backup;
 pub mod model;
 pub mod ports;
 mod use_case;
 
 pub use use_case::{
-    accounts::AccountsService, auth::AuthService, client_keys::ClientKeyService,
-    observability::ObservabilityService, openai::OpenAiService, settings::SettingsService,
-    system::SystemService, xai::XaiService,
+    account_groups::AccountGroupService, accounts::AccountsService, auth::AuthService,
+    backup::BackupService, client_keys::ClientKeyService, observability::ObservabilityService,
+    openai::OpenAiService, settings::SettingsService, system::SystemService, xai::XaiService,
 };
 
 use model::{AdminError, AdminErrorKind};
@@ -28,10 +33,10 @@ use ports::{
     system::SystemOperations,
 };
 use use_case::{
-    accounts::DefaultAccountsService, auth::DefaultAuthService,
-    client_keys::DefaultClientKeyService, observability::DefaultObservabilityService,
-    openai::DefaultOpenAiService, settings::DefaultSettingsService, system::DefaultSystemService,
-    xai::DefaultXaiService,
+    account_groups::DefaultAccountGroupService, accounts::DefaultAccountsService,
+    auth::DefaultAuthService, backup::DefaultBackupService, client_keys::DefaultClientKeyService,
+    observability::DefaultObservabilityService, openai::DefaultOpenAiService,
+    settings::DefaultSettingsService, system::DefaultSystemService, xai::DefaultXaiService,
 };
 
 const OPENAI_PROVIDER_KIND: &str = "openai";
@@ -48,6 +53,8 @@ const WEAK_INITIAL_PASSWORDS: &[&str] = &[
     "codex-proxy-rs",
 ];
 
+const BACKUP_WORKER_OWNER: &str = "backup";
+
 /// 只用于首次幂等创建默认管理员的启动密码。
 #[derive(Clone, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(transparent)]
@@ -140,12 +147,14 @@ pub enum AdminConfigError {
 pub struct AdminServices {
     auth: Arc<dyn AuthService>,
     accounts: Arc<dyn AccountsService>,
+    account_groups: Arc<dyn AccountGroupService>,
     client_keys: Arc<dyn ClientKeyService>,
     observability: Arc<dyn ObservabilityService>,
     settings: Arc<dyn SettingsService>,
     system: Arc<dyn SystemService>,
     openai: Arc<dyn OpenAiService>,
     xai: Arc<dyn XaiService>,
+    backups: Arc<dyn BackupService>,
 }
 
 impl AdminServices {
@@ -159,6 +168,11 @@ impl AdminServices {
         self.accounts.as_ref()
     }
 
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn account_groups(&self) -> &dyn AccountGroupService {
+        self.account_groups.as_ref()
+    }
+
     #[must_use]
     pub fn client_keys(&self) -> &dyn ClientKeyService {
         self.client_keys.as_ref()
@@ -188,11 +202,17 @@ impl AdminServices {
     pub fn xai(&self) -> &dyn XaiService {
         self.xai.as_ref()
     }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn backups(&self) -> &dyn BackupService {
+        self.backups.as_ref()
+    }
 }
 
 /// Admin 初始化完成后的封闭能力包。
 pub struct AdminBundle {
     services: AdminServices,
+    worker_contributions: Vec<WorkerContribution>,
 }
 
 impl AdminBundle {
@@ -200,6 +220,11 @@ impl AdminBundle {
     pub fn services(&self) -> AdminServices {
         self.services.clone()
     }
+
+    /// 取出 Backup Worker 贡献；只能调用一次，与其它 Bundle 的贡献一并交给 Host。
+    pub fn take_worker_contributions(&mut self) -> Vec<WorkerContribution> {
+        std::mem::take(&mut self.worker_contributions)
+    }
 }
 
 /// 校验配置、建立动态 Provider 注册表并完成默认管理员幂等初始化。
@@ -236,14 +261,29 @@ pub async fn initialize(
 
     let accounts = Arc::new(DefaultAccountsService::new(
         store.accounts(),
-        store.settings(),
         registry.clone(),
         snapshot.clone(),
         probe.clone(),
     ));
+    let backup_ports = store.backup();
+    let backups = Arc::new(DefaultBackupService::new(
+        backup_ports.repository(),
+        backup_ports.object_store(),
+        store.auth(),
+        snapshot.clone(),
+    ));
+    let backup_task = backup::task::BackupTask::new(
+        backup_ports.repository(),
+        backup_ports.dump(),
+        backup_ports.object_store(),
+    );
     let services = AdminServices {
         auth,
         accounts,
+        account_groups: Arc::new(DefaultAccountGroupService::new(
+            store.account_groups(),
+            snapshot.clone(),
+        )),
         client_keys: Arc::new(DefaultClientKeyService::new(
             store.client_keys(),
             snapshot.clone(),
@@ -268,8 +308,32 @@ pub async fn initialize(
             store.accounts(),
             snapshot.clone(),
         )),
+        backups,
     };
-    Ok(AdminBundle { services })
+    let worker_contributions = backup_worker_contribution(backup_task)?;
+    Ok(AdminBundle {
+        services,
+        worker_contributions,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Backup Worker 注册：单个可取消 Daemon，owner 固定为 `backup`。
+fn backup_worker_contribution(
+    task: backup::task::BackupTask,
+) -> Result<Vec<WorkerContribution>, AdminError> {
+    let id = WorkerId::try_new(WorkerKind::Backup, BACKUP_WORKER_OWNER)
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Backup worker id is invalid"))?;
+    let restart = DaemonRestartPolicy::try_new(Duration::from_secs(1), Duration::from_secs(60))
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Backup worker restart policy is invalid"))?;
+    let registration = WorkerRegistration::try_new(
+        id,
+        WorkerRunnable::Daemon {
+            restart,
+            task: Box::new(task),
+        },
+    )
+    .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Backup worker registration is invalid"))?;
+    Ok(vec![WorkerContribution::Registration(registration)])
 }
 
 fn provider_kind(value: &'static str) -> Result<ProviderKind, AdminError> {

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/model/account_groups.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+//! Provider-neutral account group commands and projections.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use gateway_core::routing::AccountGroupId;
+
+use super::{PageSize, Revision, observability::DecimalAmount};
+
+/// Canonical `#RRGGBBAA` color persisted with an account group.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupColor(String);
+
+impl AccountGroupColor {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.0
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn parse(value: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        (value.len() == 9
+            && value.starts_with('#')
+            && value[1..].bytes().all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_hexdigit()))
+        .then(|| Self(value.to_ascii_uppercase()))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Group member availability at the current observation time.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupAccountSummary {
+    pub available: u64,
+    pub limited: u64,
+    pub total: u64,
+}
+
+/// Group scheduling slots derived from available accounts and runtime leases.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupCapacity {
+    pub used_slots: Option<u64>,
+    pub total_slots: u64,
+}
+
+/// Successful, downstream-committed USD request costs for group accounts.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupUsage {
+    pub today_usd: DecimalAmount,
+    pub total_usd: DecimalAmount,
+}
+
+/// Lightweight group reference embedded in account and client-key views.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupRef {
+    pub id: AccountGroupId,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub color: AccountGroupColor,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+}
+
+/// Account group list query.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupListQuery {
+    pub page: u32,
+    pub page_size: PageSize,
+    pub search: Option<String>,
+    pub enabled: Option<bool>,
+}
+
+/// Complete account group summary.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupRecord {
+    pub id: AccountGroupId,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub color: AccountGroupColor,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub member_count: u64,
+    pub provider_counts: BTreeMap<String, u64>,
+    pub client_key_count: u64,
+    pub account_summary: AccountGroupAccountSummary,
+    pub capacity: AccountGroupCapacity,
+    pub usage: AccountGroupUsage,
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+/// Paginated account groups.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupPage {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub items: Vec<AccountGroupRecord>,
+    pub total: u64,
+    pub page: u32,
+    pub page_size: u16,
+}
+
+/// Create an account group.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CreateAccountGroup {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub color: AccountGroupColor,
+}
+
+/// Store-ready create command with a generated stable ID.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct NewAccountGroup {
+    pub id: AccountGroupId,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub color: AccountGroupColor,
+}
+
+/// Update an account group's descriptive fields.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UpdateAccountGroup {
+    pub id: AccountGroupId,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub color: AccountGroupColor,
+}
+
+/// Enable or disable an account group.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SetAccountGroupEnabled {
+    pub id: AccountGroupId,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+}
+
+/// Delete an account group that is not referenced by a client key.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct DeleteAccountGroup {
+    pub id: AccountGroupId,
+}
+
+/// Result of any account-group mutation.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountGroupMutation {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub id: AccountGroupId,
+    pub record: Option<AccountGroupRecord>,
+}

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/model/accounts.rs

@@ -7,20 +7,13 @@ use futures::Stream;
 
 use gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind;
 
-use super::{PageSize, Revision, observability::TimeRange};
+use super::{PageSize, Revision, account_groups::AccountGroupRef, observability::TimeRange};
 
-/// Provider 账号当前可用性；权威定义与字符串编解码在 gateway-core，此处仅复用。
-pub use gateway_core::engine::credential::AccountAvailability;
-
-/// 管理页使用的归一化账号状态。
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum AccountStatus {
-    Active,
-    Expired,
-    QuotaExhausted,
-    Disabled,
-    Banned,
-}
+pub use gateway_core::engine::credential::{
+    AccountConcurrencyLimit, AccountErrorReason, AccountStatus, AccountStatusFacts,
+    AccountStatusProjection, AccountWeight, CredentialState, QuotaAccessState, QuotaEvidence,
+    QuotaState, resolve_account_status,
+};
 
 /// 账号列表排序字段。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -53,19 +46,28 @@ pub struct AccountListQuery {
     pub page: u32,
     pub page_size: PageSize,
     pub provider_kind: Option<ProviderKind>,
+    pub group_filter: Option<AccountGroupFilter>,
     pub search: Option<String>,
     pub status: Option<AccountStatus>,
     pub sort: Option<AccountSort>,
 }
 
+/// Optional account membership filter.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AccountGroupFilter {
+    Group(gateway_core::routing::AccountGroupId),
+    Ungrouped,
+}
+
 /// 账号公共存储投影；Provider 专属字段不进入此结构。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct AccountRecord {
     pub id: String,
     pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    pub groups: Vec<AccountGroupRef>,
     pub name: String,
     pub email: Option<String>,
-    pub upstream_user_id: String,
+    pub upstream_user_id: Option<String>,
     pub upstream_account_id: Option<String>,
     pub plan_type: Option<String>,
     pub authentication_kind: String,
@@ -74,11 +76,13 @@ pub struct AccountRecord {
     pub access_token_expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
     pub next_refresh_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
     pub enabled: bool,
-    pub availability: AccountAvailability,
-    pub availability_reason: Option<String>,
-    pub cooldown_until: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
-    pub availability_observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
-    pub quota_observed_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub concurrency_limit: Option<AccountConcurrencyLimit>,
+    pub weight: AccountWeight,
+    pub credential_state: CredentialState,
+    pub credential_observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub quota: QuotaState,
+    pub last_error_reason: Option<AccountErrorReason>,
+    pub last_error_message: Option<String>,
     pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
     pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
 }
@@ -163,25 +167,63 @@ pub struct AccountUsageWindowResult {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct AccountPage {
     pub config_revision: Revision,
-    pub items: Vec<AccountRecord>,
+    pub items: Vec<AccountPageItem>,
     pub total: u64,
     pub summary: AccountSummary,
 }
 
+/// 同一状态快照下的账号事实与唯一状态投影。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountPageItem {
+    pub account: AccountRecord,
+    pub projection: AccountStatusProjection,
+}
+
 /// 统一账号目录的全局状态计数，不受当前筛选和分页影响。
+///
+/// 计数与 [`AccountStatus`] 一一对应，由 store 按派生状态聚合。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct AccountSummary {
     pub total: u64,
-    pub active: u64,
+    pub normal: u64,
     pub quota_exhausted: u64,
-    pub unavailable: u64,
+    pub rate_limited: u64,
+    pub disabled: u64,
+    pub error: u64,
 }
 
-/// 账号启停写入命令。
+/// 账号可编辑事实的一次性替换命令。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct SetAccountEnabled {
+pub struct UpdateAccount {
     pub account_id: String,
     pub enabled: bool,
+    pub concurrency_limit: Option<AccountConcurrencyLimit>,
+    pub weight: AccountWeight,
+    pub group_ids: Vec<gateway_core::routing::AccountGroupId>,
+}
+
+/// 账号更新结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountUpdateResult {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub account_id: gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId,
+}
+
+/// 一批账号可编辑事实的一次性替换命令。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct BatchUpdateAccounts {
+    pub account_ids: Vec<String>,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub concurrency_limit: Option<AccountConcurrencyLimit>,
+    pub weight: AccountWeight,
+    pub group_ids: Vec<gateway_core::routing::AccountGroupId>,
+}
+
+/// 批量账号更新结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountsUpdateResult {
+    pub config_revision: Revision,
+    pub account_ids: Vec<gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId>,
 }
 
 /// 账号批量删除命令。
@@ -205,9 +247,7 @@ pub enum AccountConnectionTestEvent {
     Content {
         text: String,
     },
-    Completed {
-        account_status: AccountStatus,
-    },
+    Completed,
     Failed {
         message: String,
         provider_error_code: Option<String>,
@@ -215,7 +255,6 @@ pub enum AccountConnectionTestEvent {
         upstream_status: Option<u16>,
         upstream_content_type: Option<String>,
         upstream_body: Option<String>,
-        account_status: AccountStatus,
     },
 }
 

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/model/backup.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,566 @@
+//! S3 备份领域模型、状态机与稳定错误。
+//!
+//! 领域类型只携带事实，不承载基础设施细节。Secret 使用 [`secrecy::SecretString`]，
+//! 全流程不实现 `Serialize`，避免被错误地写入 wire 或日志。管理员身份等审计事实
+//! 只存在于 `admin_audit_events`，本模型不重复保存。
+
+use std::fmt;
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use secrecy::SecretString;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+use super::PageSize;
+
+/// 备份触发来源。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum BackupTriggerKind {
+    Manual,
+    Scheduled,
+}
+
+impl BackupTriggerKind {
+    /// 稳定持久化值。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Manual => "manual",
+            Self::Scheduled => "scheduled",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 解析持久化值。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn parse(value: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        match value {
+            "manual" => Some(Self::Manual),
+            "scheduled" => Some(Self::Scheduled),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for BackupTriggerKind {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str(self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 备份任务状态机（六状态）。
+///
+/// 迁移 `backup_records_lifecycle_ck` 与字段空值语义共同定义合法持久化行；
+/// [`Self::allows_transition_to`] 只约束领域内的显式状态迁移，两层都必须满足。
+/// 删除成功后记录行被硬删除，因此不存在 `deleted` 终态。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum BackupStatus {
+    Queued,
+    Dumping,
+    Uploading,
+    Completed,
+    Failed,
+    Deleting,
+}
+
+impl BackupStatus {
+    /// 稳定持久化值。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Queued => "queued",
+            Self::Dumping => "dumping",
+            Self::Uploading => "uploading",
+            Self::Completed => "completed",
+            Self::Failed => "failed",
+            Self::Deleting => "deleting",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 解析持久化值。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn parse(value: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        match value {
+            "queued" => Some(Self::Queued),
+            "dumping" => Some(Self::Dumping),
+            "uploading" => Some(Self::Uploading),
+            "completed" => Some(Self::Completed),
+            "failed" => Some(Self::Failed),
+            "deleting" => Some(Self::Deleting),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 该状态是否消耗全局活跃名额。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_active(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Queued | Self::Dumping | Self::Uploading)
+    }
+
+    /// 该状态是否允许进入删除流程。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn can_be_deleted(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Completed | Self::Failed)
+    }
+
+    /// 领域内允许的显式迁移。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn allows_transition_to(self, target: BackupStatus) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            (self, target),
+            (Self::Queued, Self::Dumping)
+                | (Self::Queued, Self::Failed)
+                | (Self::Dumping, Self::Uploading)
+                | (Self::Dumping, Self::Failed)
+                | (Self::Uploading, Self::Completed)
+                | (Self::Uploading, Self::Failed)
+                | (Self::Completed, Self::Deleting)
+                | (Self::Failed, Self::Deleting)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for BackupStatus {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str(self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+/// S3 存储配置更新命令；`secret_access_key` 为 `None` 表示保留旧值。
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct UpdateBackupStorageCommand {
+    pub endpoint: String,
+    pub region: String,
+    pub bucket: String,
+    pub access_key_id: String,
+    pub secret_access_key: Option<SecretString>,
+    pub prefix: String,
+    pub force_path_style: bool,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for UpdateBackupStorageCommand {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("UpdateBackupStorageCommand")
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("region", &self.region)
+            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
+            .field("access_key_id", &self.access_key_id)
+            .field("secret_access_key", &self.secret_access_key.is_some())
+            .field("prefix", &self.prefix)
+            .field("force_path_style", &self.force_path_style)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 调度配置更新命令。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UpdateBackupScheduleCommand {
+    pub schedule_enabled: bool,
+    pub cron_expression: String,
+    pub schedule_timezone: String,
+    pub retention_days: u32,
+    pub retention_count: u32,
+}
+
+/// 完整保存的备份设置（含 Secret）。
+///
+/// 只从仓储读取；不实现 `Serialize`，防止 Secret 进入 wire 或日志。
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BackupSettings {
+    pub storage_revision: u64,
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    pub region: Option<String>,
+    pub bucket: Option<String>,
+    pub access_key_id: Option<String>,
+    pub secret_access_key: Option<SecretString>,
+    pub prefix: Option<String>,
+    pub force_path_style: bool,
+    pub schedule_enabled: bool,
+    pub cron_expression: Option<String>,
+    pub schedule_timezone: Option<String>,
+    pub retention_days: u32,
+    pub retention_count: u32,
+    pub next_run_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub last_verified_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for BackupSettings {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("BackupSettings")
+            .field("storage_revision", &self.storage_revision)
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("region", &self.region)
+            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
+            .field("access_key_id", &self.access_key_id)
+            .field("secret_access_key", &self.secret_access_key.is_some())
+            .field("prefix", &self.prefix)
+            .field("force_path_style", &self.force_path_style)
+            .field("schedule_enabled", &self.schedule_enabled)
+            .field("cron_expression", &self.cron_expression)
+            .field("schedule_timezone", &self.schedule_timezone)
+            .field("retention_days", &self.retention_days)
+            .field("retention_count", &self.retention_count)
+            .field("next_run_at", &self.next_run_at)
+            .field("last_verified_at", &self.last_verified_at)
+            .field("updated_at", &self.updated_at)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl BackupSettings {
+    /// S3 存储配置是否完整（bucket/region/密钥/前缀齐全）。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn storage_configured(&self) -> bool {
+        self.endpoint.is_some()
+            && self.region.is_some()
+            && self.bucket.is_some()
+            && self.access_key_id.is_some()
+            && self.secret_access_key.is_some()
+            && self.prefix.is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// 探测是否已对当前 revision 成功；`last_verified_at` 非空即表示当前配置已通过探针。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn storage_verified(&self) -> bool {
+        self.last_verified_at.is_some()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 已经校验并可用于对象存储操作的存储配置快照。
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BackupStorageConfig {
+    pub storage_revision: u64,
+    pub endpoint: String,
+    pub region: String,
+    pub bucket: String,
+    pub access_key_id: String,
+    pub secret_access_key: SecretString,
+    pub prefix: String,
+    pub force_path_style: bool,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for BackupStorageConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("BackupStorageConfig")
+            .field("storage_revision", &self.storage_revision)
+            .field("endpoint", &self.endpoint)
+            .field("region", &self.region)
+            .field("bucket", &self.bucket)
+            .field("access_key_id", &self.access_key_id)
+            .field("secret_access_key", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .field("prefix", &self.prefix)
+            .field("force_path_style", &self.force_path_style)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl BackupStorageConfig {
+    /// 从完整设置推导对象存储配置；设置不完整时返回 `None`。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn from_settings(settings: &BackupSettings) -> Option<Self> {
+        Some(Self {
+            storage_revision: settings.storage_revision,
+            endpoint: settings.endpoint.clone()?,
+            region: settings.region.clone()?,
+            bucket: settings.bucket.clone()?,
+            access_key_id: settings.access_key_id.clone()?,
+            secret_access_key: settings.secret_access_key.clone()?,
+            prefix: settings.prefix.clone()?,
+            force_path_style: settings.force_path_style,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// 一条备份记录。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct BackupRecord {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind,
+    pub status: BackupStatus,
+    pub scheduled_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub object_key: String,
+    pub size_bytes: Option<u64>,
+    pub sha256: Option<String>,
+    pub attempt_count: u32,
+    pub error_code: Option<String>,
+    pub error_message: Option<String>,
+    pub started_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub completed_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    /// 手动过期时间；创建时确定，到期自动清理。
+    pub expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+/// 备份记录分页查询。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct BackupRecordListQuery {
+    pub page: u32,
+    pub page_size: PageSize,
+    pub status: Option<BackupStatus>,
+    pub trigger: Option<BackupTriggerKind>,
+}
+
+/// 备份记录分页结果。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct BackupRecordPage {
+    pub items: Vec<BackupRecord>,
+    pub total: u64,
+    pub page: u32,
+    pub page_size: PageSize,
+}
+
+impl BackupRecordPage {
+    /// 计算总页数；空集合视为一页。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn total_pages(&self) -> u32 {
+        let size = u64::from(self.page_size.get());
+        if self.total == 0 {
+            1
+        } else {
+            self.total.div_ceil(size).min(u64::from(u32::MAX)) as u32
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 创建备份任务的持久化数据；id 与对象 key 由领域生成。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct BackupRecordSeed {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind,
+    pub scheduled_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub object_key: String,
+    pub expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+}
+
+/// 连接测试结果；只携带稳定阶段与脱敏消息。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ConnectionTestResult {
+    pub ok: bool,
+    pub stage: &'static str,
+    pub code: Option<&'static str>,
+    pub message: String,
+}
+
+/// 对象存储探测阶段。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ConnectionTestStage {
+    PutObject,
+    HeadObject,
+    GetObject,
+    DeleteObject,
+}
+
+impl ConnectionTestStage {
+    /// 稳定 wire 值。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::PutObject => "putObject",
+            Self::HeadObject => "headObject",
+            Self::GetObject => "getObject",
+            Self::DeleteObject => "deleteObject",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 上传到对象存储并期望远端校验的归档 metadata。
+///
+/// `size_bytes` 在上传时不写入 metadata，但 `HeadObject` 会返回远端大小，
+/// 用于与本地归档校验一致。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct BackupObjectMetadata {
+    pub backup_id: String,
+    pub sha256: String,
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub size_bytes: u64,
+}
+
+impl BackupObjectMetadata {
+    /// 构造上传 metadata。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(
+        backup_id: String,
+        sha256: String,
+        created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+        size_bytes: u64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            backup_id,
+            sha256,
+            created_at,
+            size_bytes,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 短时下载地址结果。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct DownloadUrlResult {
+    pub url: String,
+    pub file_name: String,
+    pub expires_in: std::time::Duration,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for DownloadUrlResult {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("DownloadUrlResult")
+            .field("url", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .field("file_name", &self.file_name)
+            .field("expires_in", &self.expires_in)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 备份基础设施错误：只携带稳定错误码与脱敏消息。
+///
+/// 该类型不构成第二套 kind 枚举；`gateway-admin` 边界统一映射为既有
+/// `AdminErrorKind`。稳定 `error_code` 同时用于任务记录、日志与 UI。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("{message}")]
+pub struct BackupError {
+    code: &'static str,
+    message: String,
+}
+
+impl BackupError {
+    /// 构造基础设施错误。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(code: &'static str, message: String) -> Self {
+        Self { code, message }
+    }
+
+    /// 稳定错误码，例如 `backup.s3_auth_failed`。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn code(&self) -> &'static str {
+        self.code
+    }
+
+    /// 脱敏后的可操作消息。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn message(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.message
+    }
+}
+
+/// 构造稳定错误码常量。
+pub mod code {
+    /// 配置或参数非法。
+    pub const INVALID_CONFIG: &str = "backup.invalid_config";
+    /// Cron 表达式非法。
+    pub const INVALID_CRON: &str = "backup.invalid_cron";
+    /// IANA 时区非法。
+    pub const INVALID_TIMEZONE: &str = "backup.invalid_timezone";
+    /// 记录不存在。
+    pub const RECORD_NOT_FOUND: &str = "backup.record_not_found";
+    /// 已存在活跃任务，拒绝创建。
+    pub const ACTIVE_TASK_CONFLICT: &str = "backup.active_task_conflict";
+    /// 记录状态与期望不符，无法迁移。
+    pub const STATE_CONFLICT: &str = "backup.state_conflict";
+    /// 已有记录时禁止切换存储目标。
+    pub const STORAGE_IDENTITY_LOCKED: &str = "backup.storage_identity_locked";
+    /// `pg_dump` 非零退出或失败。
+    pub const PG_DUMP_FAILED: &str = "backup.pg_dump_failed";
+    /// 暂存磁盘空间不足。
+    pub const STAGING_SPACE_EXHAUSTED: &str = "backup.staging_space_exhausted";
+    /// S3 认证失败。
+    pub const S3_AUTH_FAILED: &str = "backup.s3_auth_failed";
+    /// S3 权限拒绝。
+    pub const S3_PERMISSION_DENIED: &str = "backup.s3_permission_denied";
+    /// S3 上传失败。
+    pub const S3_UPLOAD_FAILED: &str = "backup.s3_upload_failed";
+    /// 远端对象校验失败。
+    pub const REMOTE_VERIFICATION_FAILED: &str = "backup.remote_verification_failed";
+    /// 任务被取消。
+    pub const CANCELLED: &str = "backup.cancelled";
+    /// 仓储或对象存储暂不可用。
+    pub const STORE_UNAVAILABLE: &str = "backup.store_unavailable";
+    /// 上游 S3 服务返回无效或失败响应。
+    pub const UPSTREAM_FAILURE: &str = "backup.upstream_failure";
+}
+
+/// 构建对象 key：`{prefix}/YYYY/MM/DD/codex-proxy-rs_{UTC seconds}_{backup id}.dump`。
+///
+/// 规范化规则：prefix 不得为空、不得以前导 `/` 开头、不得包含 `..`、反斜杠或控制字符；
+/// 输出统一使用 `/` 分隔且不含空段。
+pub fn build_object_key(
+    prefix: &str,
+    backup_id: &str,
+    at: DateTime<Utc>,
+) -> Result<String, BackupError> {
+    let prefix = normalize_prefix(prefix)?;
+    Ok(format!(
+        "{prefix}/{}/{:02}/{:02}/codex-proxy-rs_{}_{}.dump",
+        at.format("%Y"),
+        at.format("%m"),
+        at.format("%d"),
+        at.format("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"),
+        short_backup_id(backup_id),
+    ))
+}
+
+/// 下载文件名：`codex-proxy-rs_{短 id}.dump`，与对象 key 的文件名一致。
+#[must_use]
+pub fn build_download_file_name(backup_id: &str) -> String {
+    format!("codex-proxy-rs_{}.dump", short_backup_id(backup_id))
+}
+
+/// 截取备份 id 的可读短标识：去掉 `backup_` 前缀，最多保留 8 位 hex。
+#[must_use]
+fn short_backup_id(backup_id: &str) -> String {
+    let hex = backup_id.strip_prefix("backup_").unwrap_or(backup_id);
+    hex.get(..8).unwrap_or(hex).to_owned()
+}
+
+/// 规范化并校验对象 prefix。
+///
+/// 返回去掉尾部 `/` 的规范 prefix；空串、前导 `/`、`..` 段、反斜杠和控制字符均拒绝。
+pub fn normalize_prefix(prefix: &str) -> Result<String, BackupError> {
+    if prefix.is_empty() || prefix.starts_with('/') {
+        return Err(BackupError::new(
+            code::INVALID_CONFIG,
+            "存储对象前缀必须非空且不能以前导 / 开头".to_owned(),
+        ));
+    }
+    if prefix.bytes().any(|byte| byte.is_ascii_control()) || prefix.contains('\\') {
+        return Err(BackupError::new(
+            code::INVALID_CONFIG,
+            "存储对象前缀包含非法字符".to_owned(),
+        ));
+    }
+    if prefix.split('/').any(|segment| segment == "..") {
+        return Err(BackupError::new(
+            code::INVALID_CONFIG,
+            "存储对象前缀不能包含 .. 路径段".to_owned(),
+        ));
+    }
+    Ok(prefix.trim_end_matches('/').to_owned())
+}
+
+/// 生成新的备份记录 id。
+#[must_use]
+pub fn new_backup_id() -> String {
+    format!("backup_{}", Uuid::now_v7().simple())
+}
+
+/// 从触发类型与计划时间构造可持久化 seed；id 与对象 key 一次生成保持一致。
+pub fn build_backup_seed(
+    trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind,
+    scheduled_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    prefix: &str,
+    at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+) -> Result<BackupRecordSeed, BackupError> {
+    let id = new_backup_id();
+    let object_key = build_object_key(prefix, &id, at)?;
+    Ok(BackupRecordSeed {
+        id,
+        trigger_kind,
+        scheduled_at,
+        object_key,
+        expires_at,
+    })
+}

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/model/client_keys.rs

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 
 use gateway_core::{
     policy::{ClientApiKeyId, RateLimits},
-    routing::ProviderKind,
+    routing::{AccountGroupId, ProviderKind},
 };
 
-use super::{AdminModelError, Revision};
+use super::{AdminModelError, Revision, account_groups::AccountGroupRef};
 
 /// Client Key 列表保持旧 HTTP 合同允许的完整非零 `u16` 页大小。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@ pub struct ClientKeyRecord {
     pub id: ClientApiKeyId,
     pub name: String,
     pub label: Option<String>,
-    pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    pub groups: Vec<AccountGroupRef>,
+    pub provider_kinds: Vec<ProviderKind>,
     pub prefix: String,
     pub enabled: bool,
     pub limits: RateLimits,
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ClientKeySecret {
 pub struct CreateClientKey {
     pub name: String,
     pub label: Option<String>,
-    pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    pub group_ids: Vec<AccountGroupId>,
     pub limits: RateLimits,
 }
 
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ pub struct NewClientKey {
     pub id: ClientApiKeyId,
     pub name: String,
     pub label: Option<String>,
-    pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    pub group_ids: Vec<AccountGroupId>,
     pub limits: RateLimits,
     pub plaintext: String,
 }
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for NewClientKey {
             .debug_struct("NewClientKey")
             .field("id", &self.id)
             .field("name", &self.name)
-            .field("provider_kind", &self.provider_kind)
+            .field("group_ids", &self.group_ids)
             .field("plaintext", &"[REDACTED]")
             .finish_non_exhaustive()
     }
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ pub struct UpdateClientKey {
     pub id: ClientApiKeyId,
     pub name: String,
     pub label: Option<String>,
-    pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    pub group_ids: Vec<AccountGroupId>,
     pub limits: RateLimits,
 }
 

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/model/mod.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 
 use std::num::{NonZeroU16, NonZeroU64};
 
+pub mod account_groups;
 pub mod accounts;
 pub mod auth;
+pub mod backup;
 pub mod client_keys;
 pub mod observability;
 pub mod provider_credentials;
@@ -50,6 +52,11 @@ impl AdminError {
         Self::new(AdminErrorKind::Invalid, message)
     }
 
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn bad_request(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(AdminErrorKind::Invalid, message)
+    }
+
     #[must_use]
     pub fn not_found(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
         Self::new(AdminErrorKind::NotFound, message)
@@ -60,6 +67,11 @@ impl AdminError {
         Self::new(AdminErrorKind::Conflict, message)
     }
 
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn bad_gateway(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(AdminErrorKind::BadGateway, message)
+    }
+
     #[must_use]
     pub fn unavailable(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
         Self::new(AdminErrorKind::Unavailable, message)

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/model/observability.rs

@@ -204,42 +204,22 @@ impl DecimalAmount {
     /// 精确相加两个 `numeric(20,10)` 金额。
     #[must_use]
     pub fn checked_add(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Self> {
-        let sum = scaled_amount(&self.0)?.checked_add(scaled_amount(&other.0)?)?;
-        Self::from_scaled(sum)
+        Self::from_decimal(self.to_decimal()?.checked_add(other.to_decimal()?)?)
     }
 
     /// 将金额按非零请求数均分，保留最多十位小数。
     #[must_use]
     pub fn checked_div_u64(&self, divisor: u64) -> Option<Self> {
-        let divisor = u128::from(divisor);
-        (divisor != 0)
-            .then(|| scaled_amount(&self.0)?.checked_div(divisor))
-            .flatten()
-            .and_then(Self::from_scaled)
+        Self::from_decimal(self.to_decimal()?.checked_div_u64(divisor)?)
     }
 
-    fn from_scaled(value: u128) -> Option<Self> {
-        if value >= 10_u128.pow(20) {
-            return None;
-        }
-        let whole = value / 10_u128.pow(10);
-        let fraction = value % 10_u128.pow(10);
-        let value = if fraction == 0 {
-            whole.to_string()
-        } else {
-            format!("{whole}.{fraction:010}")
-                .trim_end_matches('0')
-                .to_owned()
-        };
-        Some(Self(value))
+    fn to_decimal(&self) -> Option<gateway_core::accounting::Decimal> {
+        self.0.parse().ok()
     }
-}
 
-fn scaled_amount(value: &str) -> Option<u128> {
-    let (whole, fraction) = value.split_once('.').unwrap_or((value, ""));
-    let whole = whole.parse::<u128>().ok()?;
-    let fraction = format!("{fraction:0<10}").parse::<u128>().ok()?;
-    whole.checked_mul(10_u128.pow(10))?.checked_add(fraction)
+    fn from_decimal(value: gateway_core::accounting::Decimal) -> Option<Self> {
+        Some(Self(value.canonical()))
+    }
 }
 
 impl FromStr for DecimalAmount {
@@ -459,18 +439,15 @@ pub struct RequestMetricPoint {
     pub costs: Vec<CurrencyCost>,
 }
 
-/// 账号池容量统计。
+/// 账号池的统一五态统计。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct AccountPoolMetrics {
     pub total: u64,
-    pub enabled: u64,
-    pub unavailable: u64,
-    pub active: u64,
-    pub expired: u64,
+    pub normal: u64,
     pub quota_exhausted: u64,
-    pub refreshing: Option<u64>,
+    pub rate_limited: u64,
     pub disabled: u64,
-    pub banned: u64,
+    pub error: u64,
 }
 
 /// Dashboard 中一个账号的模型级用量事实。
@@ -501,7 +478,7 @@ pub struct DashboardAccountRequestBucket {
     pub request_count: u64,
 }
 
-/// Dashboard 中一个账号的完整用量与公共状态事实。
+/// Dashboard 中一个账号的完整用量事实。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct DashboardAccountUsage {
     pub account_id: String,
@@ -510,8 +487,6 @@ pub struct DashboardAccountUsage {
     pub name: String,
     pub email: Option<String>,
     pub plan_type: Option<String>,
-    pub enabled: bool,
-    pub availability: String,
     pub request_count: u64,
     pub success_count: u64,
     pub input_tokens: Option<u64>,
@@ -538,18 +513,31 @@ pub struct DashboardAccountUsage {
 /// Dashboard 当前账号池的可重建运行时槽位事实。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct DashboardRuntimeSlots {
-    /// 与持久账号池指标相同谓词下可参与调度的账号数。
-    pub active_accounts: u64,
+    /// 继承运行参数默认并发上限的可调度账号数。
+    pub inherited_accounts: u64,
+    /// 已配置账号级并发上限的可调度账号槽位总数。
+    pub overridden_slots: u64,
     /// Redis 可用时的实时 in-flight 槽位总数；不可用时为 `None`。
     pub used_slots: Option<u64>,
 }
 
-/// 仪表盘所需的公共观测事实。
+/// 仪表盘卡片脚注展示的全历史累计。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq)]
+pub struct DashboardTotals {
+    pub request_count: u64,
+    pub input_tokens: u64,
+    pub cached_tokens: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: u64,
+    pub billing_usd: Option<DecimalAmount>,
+}
+
+/// 仪表盘所需的当前区间事实及全历史累计。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct DashboardObservation {
     pub range: TimeRange,
     pub requests: RequestMetrics,
     pub attempts: AttemptMetrics,
+    pub totals: DashboardTotals,
     pub provider_accounts: AccountPoolMetrics,
     pub trend: Vec<RequestMetricPoint>,
     pub account_usage: Vec<DashboardAccountUsage>,
@@ -562,6 +550,9 @@ pub struct UsageRecord {
     pub id: String,
     pub client_api_key_ref: String,
     pub config_revision: u64,
+    pub routing_scope: String,
+    pub routing_group_refs: Vec<String>,
+    pub routing_group_names_snapshot: Vec<String>,
     pub protocol: String,
     pub operation: String,
     pub endpoint: String,
@@ -645,6 +636,9 @@ pub struct UsageAttempt {
     pub operation: String,
     pub provider_kind: Option<String>,
     pub provider_account_ref: Option<String>,
+    pub provider_account_name: Option<String>,
+    pub provider_account_email: Option<String>,
+    pub provider_account_authentication_kind: Option<String>,
     pub upstream_model_id: Option<String>,
     pub upstream_transport: Option<String>,
     pub upstream_send_state: Option<String>,
@@ -705,6 +699,7 @@ pub struct UsageSummary {
 /// 单个诊断维度值的聚合结果。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct DiagnosticObservation {
+    pub key: String,
     pub name: String,
     pub request_count: u64,
     pub success_count: u64,
@@ -712,6 +707,7 @@ pub struct DiagnosticObservation {
     pub attempt_count: u64,
     pub total_tokens: u64,
     pub average_latency_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub latency_p95_ms: Option<u64>,
     pub cost_coverage: CostCoverage,
     pub costs: Vec<CurrencyCost>,
 }
@@ -726,8 +722,12 @@ pub struct OpsError {
     pub client_api_key_ref: Option<String>,
     pub component: String,
     pub operation: String,
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
     pub provider_kind: Option<String>,
     pub provider_account_ref: Option<String>,
+    pub provider_account_name: Option<String>,
+    pub provider_account_email: Option<String>,
+    pub provider_account_authentication_kind: Option<String>,
     pub upstream_model_id: Option<String>,
     pub upstream_transport: Option<String>,
     pub failure_kind: String,
@@ -1021,6 +1021,7 @@ pub struct UsageInsights {
 /// 已完成分母计算的诊断项。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct DiagnosticsItem {
+    pub key: String,
     pub name: String,
     pub request_count: u64,
     pub success_count: u64,
@@ -1028,6 +1029,7 @@ pub struct DiagnosticsItem {
     pub error_rate: f64,
     pub request_share: f64,
     pub average_latency_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub latency_p95_ms: Option<u64>,
     pub estimated_cost: Option<DecimalAmount>,
     pub attempt_count: u64,
     pub total_tokens: u64,

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/model/provider_credentials.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use gateway_core::{
 
 use super::{
     AdminError, MutationActor, MutationContext, PageSize, Revision,
-    accounts::{AccountAvailability, AccountRecord, AccountStatus, AccountSummary, AccountUsage},
+    accounts::{AccountRecord, AccountSummary, AccountUsage, CredentialState},
 };
 
 /// Provider-owned JSON；公共层只搬运且 Debug 不输出值。
@@ -52,24 +52,24 @@ pub struct CredentialCursor {
 /// Provider credential 列表查询。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct CredentialListQuery {
-    pub availability: Option<CredentialAvailabilityFilter>,
+    pub credential_state: Option<CredentialStateFilter>,
     pub enabled: Option<bool>,
     pub window: CredentialListWindow,
 }
 
-/// Credential 可用性筛选；支持一个 wire 值对应多个持久状态。
+/// Credential 状态筛选。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum CredentialAvailabilityFilter {
-    Exact(AccountAvailability),
-    AnyOf(Vec<AccountAvailability>),
+pub enum CredentialStateFilter {
+    Exact(CredentialState),
+    AnyOf(Vec<CredentialState>),
 }
 
-impl CredentialAvailabilityFilter {
+impl CredentialStateFilter {
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn matches(&self, availability: AccountAvailability) -> bool {
+    pub fn matches(&self, credential_state: CredentialState) -> bool {
         match self {
-            Self::Exact(expected) => *expected == availability,
-            Self::AnyOf(expected) => expected.contains(&availability),
+            Self::Exact(expected) => *expected == credential_state,
+            Self::AnyOf(expected) => expected.contains(&credential_state),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ pub struct PreparedCredentialCreate {
     pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
     pub name: String,
     pub email: Option<String>,
-    pub upstream_user_id: String,
+    pub upstream_user_id: Option<String>,
     pub upstream_account_id: Option<String>,
     pub plan_type: Option<String>,
     pub authentication_kind: String,
@@ -152,10 +152,8 @@ pub struct PreparedCredentialCreate {
     pub access_token_expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
     pub next_refresh_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
     pub enabled: bool,
-    pub availability: AccountAvailability,
-    pub availability_reason: Option<String>,
-    pub cooldown_until: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
-    pub availability_observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub credential_state: CredentialState,
+    pub credential_observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
 }
 
 /// Provider 对一份导入文档的完整验证结果。
@@ -563,6 +561,15 @@ impl fmt::Debug for RotateCredential {
     }
 }
 
+/// 通用账号用量能否可靠归属到一个 Provider quota 窗口。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum QuotaLocalUsageAttribution {
+    /// 窗口覆盖账号的全部请求，可按账号与时间范围聚合。
+    AccountWide,
+    /// 窗口需要 Provider / 模型级归属，通用账号聚合不可用。
+    Unavailable,
+}
+
 /// 一个 Provider quota 窗口的公共投影。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct ProviderQuotaWindow {
@@ -570,9 +577,11 @@ pub struct ProviderQuotaWindow {
     pub group: String,
     pub label: String,
     pub source: Option<String>,
+    pub local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution,
     pub window_seconds: Option<u64>,
     pub used_percent: Option<f64>,
     pub reset_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub limit_reached: bool,
     pub local_usage: Option<AccountUsage>,
     pub provider_data: Option<ProviderDocument>,
 }
@@ -591,35 +600,105 @@ pub struct ProviderQuota {
     pub observed_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
     pub refresh_token_expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
     pub windows: Vec<ProviderQuotaWindow>,
+    /// 展示用快照级触顶事实（顶层或任一窗口触顶）；不参与账号五态派生。
+    pub limit_reached: bool,
     pub provider_data: Option<ProviderDocument>,
 }
 
 impl ProviderQuota {
+    /// 返回账号展开面板使用的当前额度窗口用量。
+    ///
+    /// 只选择具备完整时间边界且可按账号归属的窗口；优先级与 Dashboard
+    /// 代表性额度窗口一致，同一优先级保持 Provider 投影顺序。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn representative_window_usage(&self) -> Option<&AccountUsage> {
+        self.windows
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|(_, window)| {
+                window.local_usage_attribution == QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide
+                    && window.window_seconds.is_some()
+                    && window.reset_at.is_some()
+                    && window.local_usage.is_some()
+            })
+            .min_by_key(|(index, window)| (quota_usage_priority(window), *index))
+            .and_then(|(_, window)| window.local_usage.as_ref())
+    }
+
     /// 返回 Dashboard 使用的代表性额度比例。
     ///
     /// 优先使用短周期窗口，再依次使用周、月和其它窗口；同一优先级取较高的已用比例。
     /// 这里只解释跨 Provider 共享的窗口语义，绝不读取 Provider 私有 JSON。
     #[must_use]
     pub fn representative_used_percent(&self) -> Option<f64> {
+        if self.limit_reached {
+            return Some(100.0);
+        }
+        self.representative_used_window()
+            .map(|(_, used_percent)| used_percent)
+    }
+
+    /// 将已确认的账号级额度耗尽事实投影到展示窗口。
+    ///
+    /// Provider 已指出具体触顶窗口时只归一化这些窗口；否则归一化 Dashboard
+    /// 同样会选择的代表窗口，避免把多个独立额度窗口全部伪造成已用尽。
+    pub fn apply_limit_reached_display(&mut self) {
+        if !self.limit_reached {
+            return;
+        }
+        let reached_windows = self
+            .windows
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter_map(|(index, window)| window.limit_reached.then_some(index))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        if !reached_windows.is_empty() {
+            for index in reached_windows {
+                self.windows[index].used_percent = Some(100.0);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        let representative = self
+            .representative_used_window()
+            .map(|(index, _)| index)
+            .or_else(|| {
+                self.windows
+                    .iter()
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .min_by_key(|(index, window)| (quota_usage_priority(window), *index))
+                    .map(|(index, _)| index)
+            });
+        if let Some(index) = representative {
+            self.windows[index].used_percent = Some(100.0);
+            self.windows[index].limit_reached = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn representative_used_window(&self) -> Option<(usize, f64)> {
         self.windows
             .iter()
+            .enumerate()
             .filter_map(|window| {
+                let (index, window) = window;
                 let used_percent = window
                     .used_percent
                     .filter(|value| value.is_finite())
                     .map(|value| value.clamp(0.0, 100.0))?;
-                Some((quota_usage_priority(window), used_percent))
+                Some((index, quota_usage_priority(window), used_percent))
             })
-            .fold(None::<(u8, f64)>, |selected, candidate| match selected {
-                Some(current)
-                    if current.0 < candidate.0
-                        || (current.0 == candidate.0 && current.1 >= candidate.1) =>
-                {
+            .fold(
+                None::<(usize, u8, f64)>,
+                |selected, candidate| match selected {
                     Some(current)
-                }
-                _ => Some(candidate),
-            })
-            .map(|(_, used_percent)| used_percent)
+                        if current.1 < candidate.1
+                            || (current.1 == candidate.1 && current.2 >= candidate.2) =>
+                    {
+                        Some(current)
+                    }
+                    _ => Some(candidate),
+                },
+            )
+            .map(|(index, _, used_percent)| (index, used_percent))
     }
 }
 
@@ -686,7 +765,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ProviderExport {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct AccountDirectoryItem {
     pub account: AccountRecord,
-    pub status: AccountStatus,
+    pub projection: gateway_core::engine::credential::AccountStatusProjection,
     pub usage: Option<super::accounts::AccountUsage>,
     pub quota: ProviderQuota,
 }

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/model/settings.rs

@@ -11,14 +11,8 @@ use super::Revision;
 /// 客户端模型到上游模型的全局精确映射。
 pub type ModelMappings = BTreeMap<PublicModelId, UpstreamModelId>;
 
-/// 账号调度策略。
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum RotationStrategy {
-    Smart,
-    QuotaResetPriority,
-    RoundRobin,
-    Sticky,
-}
+/// 账号调度策略；由 Core 拥有稳定值与 wire 映射。
+pub use gateway_core::engine::credential::RotationStrategy;
 
 /// 完整运行设置事实。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/ports/backup.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+//! 备份控制面所需的持久化与基础设施能力。
+//!
+//! 端口方法只接受/返回领域类型与既有错误体系：`BackupRepository` 复用
+//! `AdminStoreError`；`DatabaseDumpPort` 与 `BackupObjectStorePort` 返回只携带稳定
+//! 错误码的 [`BackupError`]。`gateway-store` 实现全部端口；`gateway-admin` 拥有
+//! 状态机、Cron、保留策略与 BackupTask 算法。
+
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+
+use crate::model::Revision;
+use crate::model::{
+    MutationContext,
+    backup::{
+        BackupError, BackupObjectMetadata, BackupRecord, BackupRecordListQuery, BackupRecordPage,
+        BackupRecordSeed, BackupSettings, BackupStatus, BackupStorageConfig, ConnectionTestResult,
+        UpdateBackupScheduleCommand, UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+    },
+};
+use crate::ports::store::AdminStoreResult;
+
+/// Worker 状态迁移携带的字段更新；`None` 字段不写入。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct StatusTransitionUpdate {
+    pub size_bytes: Option<u64>,
+    pub sha256: Option<String>,
+    pub error_code: Option<String>,
+    pub error_message: Option<String>,
+    pub completed_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+}
+
+/// 备份配置、任务与计划游标的 PostgreSQL 仓储端口。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait BackupRepository: Send + Sync {
+    /// 读取完整设置（含 Secret）。
+    async fn load_settings(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupSettings>;
+
+    /// 同事务更新 S3 存储配置、递增 revision、清空验证状态并写审计事件。
+    ///
+    /// 已有记录时禁止切换 endpoint/region/bucket/path-style（存储身份锁定）。
+    /// 返回更新后的设置与新的全局 `config_revision`。
+    async fn update_storage_settings(
+        &self,
+        command: UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(BackupSettings, Revision)>;
+
+    /// 同事务更新调度配置、推进计划游标并写审计事件。
+    async fn update_schedule_settings(
+        &self,
+        command: UpdateBackupScheduleCommand,
+        next_run_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupSettings>;
+
+    /// CAS 记录探针成功；`storage_revision` 与当前配置不一致时丢弃结果（返回 `false`）。
+    async fn record_verification(
+        &self,
+        storage_revision: u64,
+        at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool>;
+
+    /// 插入 queued 任务；存在活跃任务时返回 `backup.active_task_conflict`。
+    async fn insert_backup_record(&self, seed: BackupRecordSeed) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupRecord>;
+
+    /// 幂等插入 scheduled 任务；同一时间点或活跃冲突时返回 `false`（调用方推进游标即可）。
+    async fn insert_scheduled_record(&self, seed: BackupRecordSeed) -> AdminStoreResult<bool>;
+
+    /// 分页查询记录。
+    async fn list_backup_records(
+        &self,
+        query: BackupRecordListQuery,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupRecordPage>;
+
+    /// 读取单条记录。
+    async fn load_backup_record(&self, id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>>;
+
+    /// 读取中间状态记录（dumping/uploading），供启动恢复。
+    async fn list_intermediate_records(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>>;
+
+    /// 读取等待完成墓碑的记录（status = deleting）。
+    async fn list_pending_deletions(&self, limit: u32) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>>;
+
+    /// 读取 `expires_at` 已到期且非活跃的记录（completed/failed），供保留清理。
+    async fn list_expired_records(&self, limit: u32) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>>;
+
+    /// 原子领取最旧的 queued 任务并迁移到 dumping；无任务返回 `None`。
+    async fn claim_next_queued(&self, now: DateTime<Utc>)
+    -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>>;
+
+    /// 条件迁移状态：要求当前状态一致；不匹配返回 `None`。
+    async fn transition_status(
+        &self,
+        id: &str,
+        from: BackupStatus,
+        to: BackupStatus,
+        update: StatusTransitionUpdate,
+        now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>>;
+
+    /// 迁移到删除流程（completed/failed → deleting）；供管理员与保留策略调用。
+    async fn transition_to_deleting(
+        &self,
+        id: &str,
+        now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>>;
+
+    /// 远端删除成功后硬删除记录行。
+    async fn delete_record(&self, id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<()>;
+
+    /// 条件推进计划游标；仅当计划表达式和时区仍是 `expected_*` 时才写入，返回是否推进。
+    async fn advance_schedule_cursor(
+        &self,
+        next_run_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+        expected_cron: &str,
+        expected_timezone: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool>;
+
+    /// 按完成时间倒序读取 completed 计划备份，供保留策略扫描（最多 `limit` 条）。
+    async fn list_scheduled_completed_desc(
+        &self,
+        limit: u32,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>>;
+}
+
+/// `pg_dump` 导出与本地暂存端口。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait DatabaseDumpPort: Send + Sync {
+    /// 创建归档；完成后原子落盘。取消时终止子进程并清理部分文件。
+    async fn dump(&self, request: DumpRequest) -> Result<DumpArtifact, BackupError>;
+
+    /// 检查暂存目录是否存在完整归档。
+    async fn inspect_staging(&self, backup_id: &str)
+    -> Result<Option<StagedArtifact>, BackupError>;
+
+    /// 清理暂存目录中该备份的全部文件。
+    async fn cleanup_staging(&self, backup_id: &str) -> Result<(), BackupError>;
+}
+
+/// 一次 `pg_dump` 请求。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DumpRequest {
+    pub backup_id: String,
+    pub cancellation: gateway_core::engine::CancellationToken,
+}
+
+/// 已完成并落盘的归档事实。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct DumpArtifact {
+    pub path: PathBuf,
+    pub size_bytes: u64,
+    pub sha256: String,
+}
+
+/// 暂存目录中已存在的完整归档。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct StagedArtifact {
+    pub path: PathBuf,
+    pub size_bytes: u64,
+    pub sha256: String,
+}
+
+/// S3 兼容对象存储适配器端口。
+///
+/// 方法接受已经校验的存储配置；SDK client 的构造与缓存属于 adapter 实现细节。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait BackupObjectStorePort: Send + Sync {
+    /// 对专用探针对象执行 Put/Head/Get/Delete。
+    async fn test_connection(
+        &self,
+        config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+    ) -> Result<ConnectionTestResult, BackupError>;
+
+    /// 分片流式上传本地归档；取消时中止 multipart 并返回 `backup.cancelled`。
+    async fn upload_file(
+        &self,
+        config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        request: UploadObjectRequest,
+    ) -> Result<(), BackupError>;
+
+    /// 读取对象大小与 metadata；对象不存在返回 `Ok(None)`。
+    async fn head_object(
+        &self,
+        config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        object_key: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<BackupObjectMetadata>, BackupError>;
+
+    /// 删除对象；对象不存在视为成功。
+    async fn delete_object(
+        &self,
+        config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        object_key: &str,
+    ) -> Result<(), BackupError>;
+
+    /// 创建短时预签名下载 URL。
+    async fn presigned_download(
+        &self,
+        config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        object_key: &str,
+        file_name: &str,
+        ttl: Duration,
+    ) -> Result<String, BackupError>;
+}
+
+/// 一次对象上传请求。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct UploadObjectRequest {
+    pub object_key: String,
+    pub source: PathBuf,
+    pub metadata: BackupObjectMetadata,
+    pub cancellation: gateway_core::engine::CancellationToken,
+}
+
+/// 备份控制面所需的全部 Store 能力集合。
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BackupStorePorts {
+    repository: Arc<dyn BackupRepository>,
+    dump: Arc<dyn DatabaseDumpPort>,
+    object_store: Arc<dyn BackupObjectStorePort>,
+}
+
+impl BackupStorePorts {
+    /// 组合备份端口。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        repository: Arc<dyn BackupRepository>,
+        dump: Arc<dyn DatabaseDumpPort>,
+        object_store: Arc<dyn BackupObjectStorePort>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            repository,
+            dump,
+            object_store,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 备份任务/配置仓储。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn repository(&self) -> Arc<dyn BackupRepository> {
+        self.repository.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// `pg_dump` 导出与暂存。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn dump(&self) -> Arc<dyn DatabaseDumpPort> {
+        self.dump.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// S3/R2 对象存储适配器。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn object_store(&self) -> Arc<dyn BackupObjectStorePort> {
+        self.object_store.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// 测试与不可用路径使用的空实现；任何调用都返回不可用错误。
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn disabled() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            repository: Arc::new(UnavailableBackupRepository),
+            dump: Arc::new(UnavailableDumpPort),
+            object_store: Arc::new(UnavailableObjectStore),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct UnavailableBackupRepository;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl BackupRepository for UnavailableBackupRepository {
+    async fn load_settings(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupSettings> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn update_storage_settings(
+        &self,
+        _command: UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+        _context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(BackupSettings, Revision)> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn update_schedule_settings(
+        &self,
+        _command: UpdateBackupScheduleCommand,
+        _next_run_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+        _context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupSettings> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn record_verification(
+        &self,
+        _storage_revision: u64,
+        _at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn insert_backup_record(
+        &self,
+        _seed: BackupRecordSeed,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupRecord> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn insert_scheduled_record(&self, _seed: BackupRecordSeed) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn list_backup_records(
+        &self,
+        _query: BackupRecordListQuery,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupRecordPage> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn load_backup_record(&self, _id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn list_intermediate_records(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn list_pending_deletions(&self, _limit: u32) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn list_expired_records(&self, _limit: u32) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn claim_next_queued(
+        &self,
+        _now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn transition_status(
+        &self,
+        _id: &str,
+        _from: BackupStatus,
+        _to: BackupStatus,
+        _update: StatusTransitionUpdate,
+        _now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn transition_to_deleting(
+        &self,
+        _id: &str,
+        _now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn delete_record(&self, _id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn advance_schedule_cursor(
+        &self,
+        _next_run_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+        _expected_cron: &str,
+        _expected_timezone: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+    async fn list_scheduled_completed_desc(
+        &self,
+        _limit: u32,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        Err(disabled_store())
+    }
+}
+
+struct UnavailableDumpPort;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl DatabaseDumpPort for UnavailableDumpPort {
+    async fn dump(&self, _request: DumpRequest) -> Result<DumpArtifact, BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+    async fn inspect_staging(
+        &self,
+        _backup_id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<StagedArtifact>, BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+    async fn cleanup_staging(&self, _backup_id: &str) -> Result<(), BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+}
+
+struct UnavailableObjectStore;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl BackupObjectStorePort for UnavailableObjectStore {
+    async fn test_connection(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+    ) -> Result<ConnectionTestResult, BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+    async fn upload_file(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        _request: UploadObjectRequest,
+    ) -> Result<(), BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+    async fn head_object(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        _object_key: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<BackupObjectMetadata>, BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+    async fn delete_object(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        _object_key: &str,
+    ) -> Result<(), BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+    async fn presigned_download(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        _object_key: &str,
+        _file_name: &str,
+        _ttl: std::time::Duration,
+    ) -> Result<String, BackupError> {
+        Err(disabled_infra())
+    }
+}
+
+fn disabled_store() -> crate::ports::store::AdminStoreError {
+    crate::ports::store::AdminStoreError::new(
+        crate::ports::store::AdminStoreErrorKind::Unavailable,
+        "backup",
+        "backup store is disabled in this configuration",
+    )
+}
+
+fn disabled_infra() -> BackupError {
+    BackupError::new(
+        crate::model::backup::code::STORE_UNAVAILABLE,
+        "backup infrastructure is disabled in this configuration".to_owned(),
+    )
+}

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/ports/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 //! 管理用例依赖的外部能力端口。
 
+pub mod backup;
 pub mod provider;
 pub mod store;
 pub mod system;

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/ports/store.rs

@@ -7,11 +7,17 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 
+use super::backup::BackupStorePorts;
 use crate::model::{
     MutationContext, Revision,
+    account_groups::{
+        AccountGroupListQuery, AccountGroupMutation, AccountGroupPage, DeleteAccountGroup,
+        NewAccountGroup, SetAccountGroupEnabled, UpdateAccountGroup,
+    },
     accounts::{
-        AccountListQuery, AccountPage, AccountRecord, AccountUsage, AccountUsageWindowQuery,
-        AccountUsageWindowResult, DeleteAccounts, SetAccountEnabled,
+        AccountListQuery, AccountPage, AccountPageItem, AccountUpdateResult, AccountUsage,
+        AccountUsageWindowQuery, AccountUsageWindowResult, AccountsUpdateResult,
+        BatchUpdateAccounts, DeleteAccounts, UpdateAccount,
     },
     auth::{AdminAuditEvent, AdminSession},
     client_keys::{
@@ -82,7 +88,7 @@ pub type AdminStoreResult<T> = Result<T, AdminStoreError>;
 pub trait AccountStore: Send + Sync {
     async fn list_accounts(&self, query: AccountListQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountPage>;
 
-    async fn load_account(&self, account_id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AccountRecord>>;
+    async fn load_account(&self, account_id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AccountPageItem>>;
 
     async fn load_account_usage(
         &self,
@@ -137,11 +143,23 @@ pub trait AccountStore: Send + Sync {
         context: &MutationContext,
     ) -> AdminStoreResult<CredentialMutationResult>;
 
-    async fn set_account_enabled(
+    async fn update_account(
         &self,
-        command: SetAccountEnabled,
+        command: UpdateAccount,
         context: &MutationContext,
-    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Revision>;
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountUpdateResult>;
+
+    async fn recover_account(
+        &self,
+        account_id: &gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountUpdateResult>;
+
+    async fn batch_update_accounts(
+        &self,
+        command: BatchUpdateAccounts,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountsUpdateResult>;
 
     async fn delete_accounts(
         &self,
@@ -214,10 +232,48 @@ pub trait ClientKeyStore: Send + Sync {
     ) -> AdminStoreResult<Revision>;
 }
 
+/// Provider-neutral account group management transactions.
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait AccountGroupStore: Send + Sync {
+    async fn list_account_groups(
+        &self,
+        query: AccountGroupListQuery,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupPage>;
+
+    async fn create_account_group(
+        &self,
+        command: NewAccountGroup,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation>;
+
+    async fn update_account_group(
+        &self,
+        command: UpdateAccountGroup,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation>;
+
+    async fn set_account_group_enabled(
+        &self,
+        command: SetAccountGroupEnabled,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation>;
+
+    async fn delete_account_group(
+        &self,
+        command: DeleteAccountGroup,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation>;
+}
+
 /// 用量、趋势、诊断与运维错误的只读能力。
 #[async_trait]
 pub trait ObservabilityStore: Send + Sync {
-    async fn dashboard_summary(&self, range: TimeRange) -> AdminStoreResult<DashboardObservation>;
+    /// 返回历史统计区间和指定观测时刻下的实时账号状态。
+    async fn dashboard_summary(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<DashboardObservation>;
 
     /// 返回 Dashboard 可选的实时槽位事实。
     ///
@@ -296,27 +352,33 @@ pub trait SettingsStore: Send + Sync {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct AdminStorePorts {
     accounts: Arc<dyn AccountStore>,
+    account_groups: Arc<dyn AccountGroupStore>,
     auth: Arc<dyn AuthStore>,
     client_keys: Arc<dyn ClientKeyStore>,
     observability: Arc<dyn ObservabilityStore>,
     settings: Arc<dyn SettingsStore>,
+    backup: BackupStorePorts,
 }
 
 impl AdminStorePorts {
     #[must_use]
     pub fn new(
         accounts: Arc<dyn AccountStore>,
+        account_groups: Arc<dyn AccountGroupStore>,
         auth: Arc<dyn AuthStore>,
         client_keys: Arc<dyn ClientKeyStore>,
         observability: Arc<dyn ObservabilityStore>,
         settings: Arc<dyn SettingsStore>,
+        backup: BackupStorePorts,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             accounts,
+            account_groups,
             auth,
             client_keys,
             observability,
             settings,
+            backup,
         }
     }
 
@@ -325,6 +387,11 @@ impl AdminStorePorts {
         self.accounts.clone()
     }
 
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn account_groups(&self) -> Arc<dyn AccountGroupStore> {
+        self.account_groups.clone()
+    }
+
     #[must_use]
     pub fn auth(&self) -> Arc<dyn AuthStore> {
         self.auth.clone()
@@ -344,4 +411,9 @@ impl AdminStorePorts {
     pub fn settings(&self) -> Arc<dyn SettingsStore> {
         self.settings.clone()
     }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn backup(&self) -> BackupStorePorts {
+        self.backup.clone()
+    }
 }

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/use_case/account_groups.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+//! Account group management use cases.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use gateway_core::routing::{AccountGroupId, snapshot::SnapshotControl};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+use crate::{
+    model::{
+        AdminError, MutationContext,
+        account_groups::{
+            AccountGroupListQuery, AccountGroupMutation, AccountGroupPage, CreateAccountGroup,
+            DeleteAccountGroup, NewAccountGroup, SetAccountGroupEnabled, UpdateAccountGroup,
+        },
+    },
+    ports::store::AccountGroupStore,
+};
+
+use super::{map_store_error, publish_committed};
+
+/// API-facing account group management service.
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait AccountGroupService: Send + Sync {
+    async fn list(&self, query: AccountGroupListQuery) -> Result<AccountGroupPage, AdminError>;
+    async fn create(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: CreateAccountGroup,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError>;
+    async fn update(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateAccountGroup,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError>;
+    async fn set_enabled(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: SetAccountGroupEnabled,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError>;
+    async fn delete(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: DeleteAccountGroup,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError>;
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct DefaultAccountGroupService {
+    store: Arc<dyn AccountGroupStore>,
+    snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+}
+
+impl DefaultAccountGroupService {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        store: Arc<dyn AccountGroupStore>,
+        snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self { store, snapshot }
+    }
+
+    async fn publish(
+        &self,
+        result: Result<AccountGroupMutation, crate::ports::store::AdminStoreError>,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError> {
+        let result = result.map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "account group"))?;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AccountGroupService for DefaultAccountGroupService {
+    async fn list(&self, query: AccountGroupListQuery) -> Result<AccountGroupPage, AdminError> {
+        self.store
+            .list_account_groups(query)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "account group"))
+    }
+
+    async fn create(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: CreateAccountGroup,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError> {
+        let id = AccountGroupId::new(format!("grp_{}", Uuid::now_v7().simple()))
+            .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Failed to create account group ID"))?;
+        self.publish(
+            self.store
+                .create_account_group(
+                    NewAccountGroup {
+                        id,
+                        name: command.name,
+                        description: command.description,
+                        color: command.color,
+                    },
+                    context,
+                )
+                .await,
+        )
+        .await
+    }
+
+    async fn update(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateAccountGroup,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError> {
+        self.publish(self.store.update_account_group(command, context).await)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn set_enabled(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: SetAccountGroupEnabled,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError> {
+        self.publish(self.store.set_account_group_enabled(command, context).await)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn delete(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: DeleteAccountGroup,
+    ) -> Result<AccountGroupMutation, AdminError> {
+        self.publish(self.store.delete_account_group(command, context).await)
+            .await
+    }
+}

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/use_case/accounts.rs

@@ -18,19 +18,17 @@ use crate::{
         AdminError, MutationContext,
         accounts::{
             AccountConnectionTestEvent, AccountConnectionTestEventStream, AccountListQuery,
-            AccountRecord, AccountStatus, AccountUsageWindowQuery,
+            AccountPageItem, AccountUpdateResult, AccountUsageWindowQuery, AccountsUpdateResult,
+            BatchUpdateAccounts, UpdateAccount,
         },
         observability::TimeRange,
         provider_credentials::{
             AccountDirectoryItem, AccountDirectoryPage, AccountExportBundle, AccountRefreshResult,
             PrepareCredentialRefresh, ProviderModels, ProviderQuota, ProviderQuotaRequest,
-            ProviderQuotaWindow,
+            ProviderQuotaWindow, QuotaLocalUsageAttribution,
         },
     },
-    ports::{
-        provider::ProviderAdminRegistry,
-        store::{AccountStore, SettingsStore},
-    },
+    ports::{provider::ProviderAdminRegistry, store::AccountStore},
 };
 
 use super::{
@@ -57,6 +55,24 @@ pub trait AccountsService: Send + Sync {
         account_id: ProviderAccountId,
     ) -> Result<AccountRefreshResult, AdminError>;
 
+    async fn recover(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> Result<AccountRefreshResult, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn update(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateAccount,
+    ) -> Result<AccountUpdateResult, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn batch_update(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: BatchUpdateAccounts,
+    ) -> Result<AccountsUpdateResult, AdminError>;
+
     async fn quota(
         &self,
         account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
@@ -78,7 +94,6 @@ pub trait AccountsService: Send + Sync {
 
 pub(crate) struct DefaultAccountsService {
     accounts: Arc<dyn AccountStore>,
-    settings: Arc<dyn SettingsStore>,
     providers: ProviderAdminRegistry,
     snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
     probe: Arc<dyn AccountProbe>,
@@ -88,14 +103,12 @@ impl DefaultAccountsService {
     #[must_use]
     pub(crate) const fn new(
         accounts: Arc<dyn AccountStore>,
-        settings: Arc<dyn SettingsStore>,
         providers: ProviderAdminRegistry,
         snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
         probe: Arc<dyn AccountProbe>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             accounts,
-            settings,
             providers,
             snapshot,
             probe,
@@ -105,7 +118,7 @@ impl DefaultAccountsService {
     async fn load_account(
         &self,
         account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
-    ) -> Result<AccountRecord, AdminError> {
+    ) -> Result<AccountPageItem, AdminError> {
         self.accounts
             .load_account(account_id.as_str())
             .await
@@ -118,32 +131,32 @@ impl DefaultAccountsService {
         account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
     ) -> Result<
         (
-            AccountRecord,
+            AccountPageItem,
             Arc<dyn crate::ports::provider::ProviderAdmin>,
         ),
         AdminError,
     > {
-        let account = self.load_account(account_id).await?;
+        let item = self.load_account(account_id).await?;
         let provider = self
             .providers
-            .require(&account.provider_kind)
+            .require(&item.account.provider_kind)
             .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "provider account"))?;
-        Ok((account, provider))
+        Ok((item, provider))
     }
 
     async fn attach_quota_local_usage(
         &self,
-        accounts: &[AccountRecord],
+        accounts: &[AccountPageItem],
         quotas: &mut [ProviderQuota],
     ) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
         let windows = accounts
             .iter()
             .zip(quotas.iter())
-            .flat_map(|(account, quota)| {
+            .flat_map(|(item, quota)| {
                 quota
                     .windows
                     .iter()
-                    .filter_map(|window| quota_usage_window(&account.id, window))
+                    .filter_map(|window| quota_usage_window(&item.account.id, window))
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
         if windows.is_empty() {
@@ -157,10 +170,12 @@ impl DefaultAccountsService {
             .into_iter()
             .map(|result| ((result.account_id, result.key), result.usage))
             .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
-        for (account, quota) in accounts.iter().zip(quotas) {
+        for (item, quota) in accounts.iter().zip(quotas) {
             for window in &mut quota.windows {
-                if window.local_usage.is_none() {
-                    let key = (account.id.clone(), window.key.clone());
+                if window.local_usage.is_none()
+                    && window.local_usage_attribution == QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide
+                {
+                    let key = (item.account.id.clone(), window.key.clone());
                     if let Some(usage) = usage_by_window.get(&key) {
                         window.local_usage = Some(usage.clone());
                     }
@@ -175,33 +190,19 @@ impl DefaultAccountsService {
         account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
         refresh_quota: bool,
     ) -> Result<AccountDirectoryItem, AdminError> {
-        let (account, provider) = self.provider_for_account(account_id).await?;
-        let settings = self
-            .settings
-            .load_runtime_settings()
-            .await
-            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "runtime settings"))?;
+        let (stored, provider) = self.provider_for_account(account_id).await?;
+        let account = &stored.account;
         let now = Utc::now();
-        let retained_range = retained_usage_range(now, settings.usage_retention_days);
         let rolling_range = TimeRange {
             start: now - Duration::hours(24),
             end: now,
         };
         let ids = vec![account.id.clone()];
-        let (usage, rolling_usage) = futures::try_join!(
-            async {
-                self.accounts
-                    .load_account_usage(retained_range, &ids)
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "account usage"))
-            },
-            async {
-                self.accounts
-                    .load_account_usage(rolling_range, &ids)
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "rolling account usage"))
-            },
-        )?;
+        let rolling_usage = self
+            .accounts
+            .load_account_usage(rolling_range, &ids)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "rolling account usage"))?;
         let rolling_usage = rolling_usage.into_iter().next();
         let mut quota = provider
             .quota(ProviderQuotaRequest {
@@ -212,14 +213,15 @@ impl DefaultAccountsService {
             .await
             .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "provider quota"))?;
         self.attach_quota_local_usage(
-            std::slice::from_ref(&account),
+            std::slice::from_ref(&stored),
             std::slice::from_mut(&mut quota),
         )
         .await?;
+        let usage = quota.representative_window_usage().cloned();
         Ok(AccountDirectoryItem {
-            status: account_status(&account, now),
-            usage: usage.into_iter().next(),
-            account,
+            projection: stored.projection,
+            usage,
+            account: stored.account,
             quota,
         })
     }
@@ -228,13 +230,12 @@ impl DefaultAccountsService {
 #[async_trait]
 impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
     async fn list(&self, query: AccountListQuery) -> Result<AccountDirectoryPage, AdminError> {
-        let (page, settings) = futures::try_join!(
-            self.accounts.list_accounts(query),
-            self.settings.load_runtime_settings(),
-        )
-        .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "account directory"))?;
+        let page = self
+            .accounts
+            .list_accounts(query)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "account directory"))?;
         let now = Utc::now();
-        let retained_range = retained_usage_range(now, settings.usage_retention_days);
         let rolling_range = TimeRange {
             start: now - Duration::hours(24),
             end: now,
@@ -242,36 +243,52 @@ impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
         let ids = page
             .items
             .iter()
-            .map(|account| account.id.clone())
+            .map(|item| item.account.id.clone())
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let (usage, rolling_usage) = futures::try_join!(
-            self.accounts.load_account_usage(retained_range, &ids),
-            self.accounts.load_account_usage(rolling_range, &ids),
-        )
-        .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "account usage"))?;
-        let usage = usage
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|usage| (usage.account_id.clone(), usage))
-            .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
+        let rolling_usage = self
+            .accounts
+            .load_account_usage(rolling_range, &ids)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "rolling account usage"))?;
         let rolling_usage = rolling_usage
             .into_iter()
             .map(|usage| (usage.account_id.clone(), usage))
             .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
-        let mut quotas = futures::future::join_all(page.items.iter().map(|account| async {
+        let mut quotas = futures::future::join_all(page.items.iter().map(|item| async {
+            let account = &item.account;
             let account_id = ProviderAccountId::new(account.id.clone())
                 .map_err(|_| AdminError::invalid("Invalid provider account ID"))?;
-            let provider = self
-                .providers
-                .require(&account.provider_kind)
-                .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "provider quota"))?;
-            provider
+            // 单个账号的 quota 投影失败（Provider 未注册或 quota 读取失败）不拖垮整页：
+            // 该账号降级为空额度投影，其余账号与页面状态照常返回。
+            let provider = match self.providers.require(&account.provider_kind) {
+                Ok(provider) => provider,
+                Err(error) => {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        account_id = %account.id,
+                        error = %error,
+                        "account directory provider is not registered; showing empty quota"
+                    );
+                    return Ok(empty_quota());
+                }
+            };
+            match provider
                 .quota(ProviderQuotaRequest {
                     account_id,
                     refresh: false,
                     rolling_usage: rolling_usage.get(&account.id).cloned(),
                 })
                 .await
-                .map_err(|error| map_provider_error(error, "provider quota"))
+            {
+                Ok(quota) => Ok(quota),
+                Err(error) => {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        account_id = %account.id,
+                        error = %error,
+                        "account directory quota projection failed; showing empty quota"
+                    );
+                    Ok(empty_quota())
+                }
+            }
         }))
         .await
         .into_iter()
@@ -282,11 +299,14 @@ impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
             .items
             .into_iter()
             .zip(quotas)
-            .map(|(account, quota)| AccountDirectoryItem {
-                status: account_status(&account, now),
-                usage: usage.get(&account.id).cloned(),
-                account,
-                quota,
+            .map(|(item, quota)| {
+                let usage = quota.representative_window_usage().cloned();
+                AccountDirectoryItem {
+                    usage,
+                    account: item.account,
+                    projection: item.projection,
+                    quota,
+                }
             })
             .collect();
         Ok(AccountDirectoryPage {
@@ -312,7 +332,7 @@ impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
         for account_id in account_ids {
             let account = self.load_account(&account_id).await?;
             grouped
-                .entry(account.provider_kind)
+                .entry(account.account.provider_kind)
                 .or_default()
                 .push(account_id);
         }
@@ -355,7 +375,8 @@ impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
         context: &MutationContext,
         account_id: ProviderAccountId,
     ) -> Result<AccountRefreshResult, AdminError> {
-        let (account, provider) = self.provider_for_account(&account_id).await?;
+        let (stored, provider) = self.provider_for_account(&account_id).await?;
+        let account = stored.account;
         let prepared = provider
             .prepare_refresh(PrepareCredentialRefresh {
                 account: account.clone(),
@@ -381,6 +402,98 @@ impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
         })
     }
 
+    async fn recover(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> Result<AccountRefreshResult, AdminError> {
+        let (_, provider) = self.provider_for_account(&account_id).await?;
+        let result = self
+            .accounts
+            .recover_account(&account_id, context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "provider account recovery"))?;
+        provider
+            .account_facts_changed(std::slice::from_ref(&account_id))
+            .await;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        let account = self.load_directory_item(&account_id, false).await?;
+        Ok(AccountRefreshResult {
+            config_revision: result.config_revision,
+            account,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn update(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateAccount,
+    ) -> Result<AccountUpdateResult, AdminError> {
+        let account_id = ProviderAccountId::new(command.account_id.clone())
+            .map_err(|_| AdminError::invalid("Invalid provider account ID"))?;
+        let (_, provider) = self.provider_for_account(&account_id).await?;
+        let enabled = command.enabled;
+        let result = self
+            .accounts
+            .update_account(command, context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "provider account"))?;
+        if !enabled {
+            provider.account_unavailable(&account_id).await;
+        }
+        provider
+            .account_facts_changed(std::slice::from_ref(&account_id))
+            .await;
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    async fn batch_update(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: BatchUpdateAccounts,
+    ) -> Result<AccountsUpdateResult, AdminError> {
+        let account_ids = command
+            .account_ids
+            .iter()
+            .map(|id| {
+                ProviderAccountId::new(id.clone())
+                    .map_err(|_| AdminError::invalid("Invalid provider account ID"))
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+        let mut providers = BTreeMap::<
+            ProviderKind,
+            (
+                Arc<dyn crate::ports::provider::ProviderAdmin>,
+                Vec<ProviderAccountId>,
+            ),
+        >::new();
+        for account_id in &account_ids {
+            let (item, provider) = self.provider_for_account(account_id).await?;
+            providers
+                .entry(item.account.provider_kind)
+                .or_insert_with(|| (provider, Vec::new()))
+                .1
+                .push(account_id.clone());
+        }
+        let enabled = command.enabled;
+        let result = self
+            .accounts
+            .batch_update_accounts(command, context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "provider accounts"))?;
+        for (provider, provider_ids) in providers.values() {
+            if !enabled {
+                for account_id in provider_ids {
+                    provider.account_unavailable(account_id).await;
+                }
+            }
+            provider.account_facts_changed(provider_ids).await;
+        }
+        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
     async fn quota(
         &self,
         account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
@@ -406,8 +519,8 @@ impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
         account_id: ProviderAccountId,
         upstream_model: UpstreamModelId,
     ) -> Result<AccountConnectionTestEventStream, AdminError> {
-        let (account, provider) = self.provider_for_account(&account_id).await?;
-        let initial_status = account_status(&account, Utc::now());
+        let (stored, provider) = self.provider_for_account(&account_id).await?;
+        let account = stored.account;
         let model = upstream_model.as_str().to_owned();
         let operation = provider
             .connection_test_operation(&upstream_model, CONNECTION_TEST_INPUT)
@@ -424,8 +537,6 @@ impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
             },
         ];
         let probe = Arc::clone(&self.probe);
-        let accounts = Arc::clone(&self.accounts);
-        let stored_account_id = account.id.clone();
         let terminal = futures::stream::once(async move {
             let result = probe
                 .probe(AccountProbeRequest {
@@ -435,22 +546,12 @@ impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
                     operation,
                 })
                 .await;
-            let status = accounts
-                .load_account(&stored_account_id)
-                .await
-                .ok()
-                .flatten()
-                .map_or(initial_status, |account| {
-                    account_status(&account, Utc::now())
-                });
             match result {
                 Ok(result) => result
                     .text
                     .into_iter()
                     .map(|text| AccountConnectionTestEvent::Content { text })
-                    .chain(std::iter::once(AccountConnectionTestEvent::Completed {
-                        account_status: status,
-                    }))
+                    .chain(std::iter::once(AccountConnectionTestEvent::Completed))
                     .collect(),
                 Err(error) => {
                     let upstream_status = error
@@ -476,7 +577,6 @@ impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
                         upstream_status,
                         upstream_content_type,
                         upstream_body,
-                        account_status: status,
                     }]
                 }
             }
@@ -486,36 +586,14 @@ impl AccountsService for DefaultAccountsService {
     }
 }
 
-fn account_status(account: &AccountRecord, now: chrono::DateTime<Utc>) -> AccountStatus {
-    if !account.enabled {
-        AccountStatus::Disabled
-    } else if account.availability == crate::model::accounts::AccountAvailability::Banned {
-        AccountStatus::Banned
-    } else if account.availability == crate::model::accounts::AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted
-        || (account.availability == crate::model::accounts::AccountAvailability::Cooldown
-            && account.availability_reason.as_deref() == Some("usage_limit_exhausted")
-            && account.cooldown_until.is_none_or(|until| until > now))
-    {
-        AccountStatus::QuotaExhausted
-    } else if matches!(
-        account.availability,
-        crate::model::accounts::AccountAvailability::Expired
-            | crate::model::accounts::AccountAvailability::Invalid
-    ) || account
-        .access_token_expires_at
-        .is_some_and(|expires_at| expires_at <= now)
-    {
-        AccountStatus::Expired
-    } else {
-        AccountStatus::Active
-    }
-}
-
-fn retained_usage_range(now: chrono::DateTime<Utc>, retention_days: u32) -> TimeRange {
-    // 账号留存投影是内部查询，不受外部观测接口 366 天上限约束。
-    TimeRange {
-        start: now - Duration::days(i64::from(retention_days)),
-        end: now,
+/// 账号目录中单个账号 quota 读取失败时使用的空额度投影。
+fn empty_quota() -> ProviderQuota {
+    ProviderQuota {
+        observed_at: None,
+        refresh_token_expires_at: None,
+        windows: Vec::new(),
+        limit_reached: false,
+        provider_data: None,
     }
 }
 
@@ -523,7 +601,9 @@ fn quota_usage_window(
     account_id: &str,
     window: &ProviderQuotaWindow,
 ) -> Option<AccountUsageWindowQuery> {
-    if window.local_usage.is_some() {
+    if window.local_usage.is_some()
+        || window.local_usage_attribution != QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide
+    {
         return None;
     }
     let reset_at = window.reset_at?;

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/use_case/backup.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+//! 备份配置、手动创建、下载与删除用例。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use gateway_core::routing::snapshot::SnapshotControl;
+use secrecy::ExposeSecret as _;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+use crate::model::{
+    AdminError, AdminErrorKind, MutationContext,
+    auth::{AdminAuditEvent, AuditActorKind},
+    backup::{
+        BackupError, BackupRecord, BackupRecordListQuery, BackupRecordPage, BackupSettings,
+        BackupStatus, BackupStorageConfig, BackupTriggerKind, ConnectionTestResult,
+        DownloadUrlResult, UpdateBackupScheduleCommand, UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+        build_backup_seed, code,
+    },
+};
+use crate::ports::{
+    backup::{BackupObjectStorePort, BackupRepository},
+    store::AuthStore,
+};
+
+use super::map_store_error;
+
+/// 默认下载地址有效期。
+const DOWNLOAD_TTL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5 * 60);
+
+/// API 消费的备份管理服务。
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait BackupService: Send + Sync {
+    async fn load_settings(&self) -> Result<BackupSettings, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn update_storage(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+    ) -> Result<BackupSettings, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn update_schedule(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateBackupScheduleCommand,
+    ) -> Result<BackupSettings, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn test_connection(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> Result<ConnectionTestResult, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn create_backup(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    ) -> Result<BackupRecord, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn list_records(
+        &self,
+        query: BackupRecordListQuery,
+    ) -> Result<BackupRecordPage, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn download_url(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        backup_id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<DownloadUrlResult, AdminError>;
+
+    async fn delete_backup(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        backup_id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<BackupRecord, AdminError>;
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct DefaultBackupService {
+    repository: Arc<dyn BackupRepository>,
+    object_store: Arc<dyn BackupObjectStorePort>,
+    auth: Arc<dyn AuthStore>,
+    snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+}
+
+impl DefaultBackupService {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        repository: Arc<dyn BackupRepository>,
+        object_store: Arc<dyn BackupObjectStorePort>,
+        auth: Arc<dyn AuthStore>,
+        snapshot: Arc<dyn SnapshotControl>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            repository,
+            object_store,
+            auth,
+            snapshot,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl BackupService for DefaultBackupService {
+    async fn load_settings(&self) -> Result<BackupSettings, AdminError> {
+        self.repository
+            .load_settings()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup settings"))
+    }
+
+    async fn update_storage(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+    ) -> Result<BackupSettings, AdminError> {
+        validate_storage(&command)?;
+        let (settings, revision) = self
+            .repository
+            .update_storage_settings(command, context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup storage"))?;
+        super::publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), revision).await?;
+        Ok(settings)
+    }
+
+    async fn update_schedule(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        command: UpdateBackupScheduleCommand,
+    ) -> Result<BackupSettings, AdminError> {
+        validate_schedule(&command)?;
+        let next_run_at = if command.schedule_enabled {
+            Some(
+                crate::backup::policy::BackupSchedule::parse(
+                    &command.cron_expression,
+                    &command.schedule_timezone,
+                )
+                .map_err(map_backup_error)?
+                .next_after(Utc::now())
+                .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::bad_request("无法从计划推导下次执行时间"))?,
+            )
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+        self.repository
+            .update_schedule_settings(command, next_run_at, context)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup schedule"))
+    }
+
+    async fn test_connection(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> Result<ConnectionTestResult, AdminError> {
+        let settings = self
+            .repository
+            .load_settings()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup settings"))?;
+        let Some(config) = BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings) else {
+            return Ok(ConnectionTestResult {
+                ok: false,
+                stage: "putObject",
+                code: Some(code::INVALID_CONFIG),
+                message: "备份存储配置不完整，无法执行连接测试".to_owned(),
+            });
+        };
+        let result = self
+            .object_store
+            .test_connection(&config)
+            .await
+            .map_err(map_backup_error)?;
+        if result.ok {
+            let _ = self
+                .repository
+                .record_verification(config.storage_revision, Utc::now())
+                .await
+                .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup settings"))?;
+        }
+        self.append_audit(
+            context,
+            "backup.s3_connection_tested",
+            "backup_settings",
+            vec![],
+        )
+        .await?;
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    async fn create_backup(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    ) -> Result<BackupRecord, AdminError> {
+        let settings = self
+            .repository
+            .load_settings()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup settings"))?;
+        if !settings.storage_configured() {
+            return Err(AdminError::bad_request(
+                "备份存储配置不完整，请先保存存储配置",
+            ));
+        }
+        if !settings.storage_verified() {
+            return Err(AdminError::bad_request(
+                "备份存储尚未通过连接测试，请先测试存储配置",
+            ));
+        }
+        let prefix = settings.prefix.as_deref().unwrap_or_default();
+        let seed = build_backup_seed(
+            BackupTriggerKind::Manual,
+            None,
+            prefix,
+            Utc::now(),
+            expires_at,
+        )
+        .map_err(map_backup_error)?;
+        let record = self
+            .repository
+            .insert_backup_record(seed)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup record"))?;
+        self.append_audit(context, "backup.created", "backup", vec![record.id.clone()])
+            .await?;
+        Ok(record)
+    }
+
+    async fn list_records(
+        &self,
+        query: BackupRecordListQuery,
+    ) -> Result<BackupRecordPage, AdminError> {
+        self.repository
+            .list_backup_records(query)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup records"))
+    }
+
+    async fn download_url(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        backup_id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<DownloadUrlResult, AdminError> {
+        let record = self.require_record(backup_id).await?;
+        if record.status != BackupStatus::Completed {
+            return Err(AdminError::conflict(
+                "只有 completed 的备份才能创建下载地址",
+            ));
+        }
+        let settings = self
+            .repository
+            .load_settings()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup settings"))?;
+        let Some(config) = BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings) else {
+            return Err(AdminError::bad_request("备份存储配置不完整"));
+        };
+        let file_name = crate::model::backup::build_download_file_name(backup_id);
+        let url = self
+            .object_store
+            .presigned_download(&config, &record.object_key, &file_name, DOWNLOAD_TTL)
+            .await
+            .map_err(map_backup_error)?;
+        self.append_audit(
+            context,
+            "backup.download_url_created",
+            "backup",
+            vec![backup_id.to_owned()],
+        )
+        .await?;
+        Ok(DownloadUrlResult {
+            url,
+            file_name,
+            expires_in: DOWNLOAD_TTL,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_backup(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        backup_id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<BackupRecord, AdminError> {
+        let record = self.require_record(backup_id).await?;
+        if !record.status.can_be_deleted() {
+            return Err(AdminError::conflict(
+                "只有 completed 或 failed 的备份才能删除",
+            ));
+        }
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        let deleting = self
+            .repository
+            .transition_to_deleting(backup_id, now)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup record"))?
+            .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::conflict("备份记录已进入删除流程"))?;
+        self.append_audit(
+            context,
+            "backup.delete_requested",
+            "backup",
+            vec![backup_id.to_owned()],
+        )
+        .await?;
+        Ok(deleting)
+    }
+}
+
+impl DefaultBackupService {
+    async fn require_record(&self, backup_id: &str) -> Result<BackupRecord, AdminError> {
+        self.repository
+            .load_backup_record(backup_id)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup record"))?
+            .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::not_found("备份记录不存在"))
+    }
+
+    async fn append_audit(
+        &self,
+        context: &MutationContext,
+        action: &str,
+        entity_ref: &str,
+        changed_fields: Vec<String>,
+    ) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+        let actor_kind = match context.actor {
+            crate::model::MutationActor::AdminSession { .. } => AuditActorKind::AdminSession,
+            crate::model::MutationActor::AdminApiKey => AuditActorKind::AdminApiKey,
+            crate::model::MutationActor::System => AuditActorKind::System,
+        };
+        let actor_ref = match &context.actor {
+            crate::model::MutationActor::AdminSession { admin_user_id } => admin_user_id.clone(),
+            crate::model::MutationActor::AdminApiKey => "admin_api_key".to_owned(),
+            crate::model::MutationActor::System => "system".to_owned(),
+        };
+        let actor_admin_user_id = match &context.actor {
+            crate::model::MutationActor::AdminSession { admin_user_id } => {
+                Some(admin_user_id.clone())
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        };
+        let event = AdminAuditEvent {
+            id: format!("audit_{}", Uuid::now_v7().simple()),
+            actor_kind,
+            actor_admin_user_id,
+            actor_ref,
+            request_id: Some(context.request_id.clone()),
+            action: action.to_owned(),
+            entity_kind: "backup".to_owned(),
+            entity_ref: entity_ref.to_owned(),
+            config_revision: None,
+            changed_fields,
+            occurred_at: Utc::now(),
+        };
+        self.auth
+            .append_audit_event(event)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "backup audit"))
+    }
+}
+
+/// 校验存储配置；空串视为非法，Secret 缺省表示保留旧值。
+fn validate_storage(command: &UpdateBackupStorageCommand) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    validate_endpoint(&command.endpoint)?;
+    validate_nonempty("region", &command.region)?;
+    validate_nonempty("bucket", &command.bucket)?;
+    validate_nonempty("accessKeyId", &command.access_key_id)?;
+    if let Some(secret) = command.secret_access_key.as_ref() {
+        let value = secret.expose_secret();
+        if value.is_empty() {
+            return Err(AdminError::bad_request(
+                "secretAccessKey 不能为空字符串；缺省表示保留旧值",
+            ));
+        }
+        validate_length("secretAccessKey", value, 512)?;
+    }
+    crate::model::backup::normalize_prefix(&command.prefix).map_err(map_backup_error)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_endpoint(value: &str) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    if value.is_empty() {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request("endpoint 不能为空"));
+    }
+    if !value.starts_with("https://") {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request(
+            "endpoint 必须使用 HTTPS；仅测试或显式开发配置允许 HTTP",
+        ));
+    }
+    if value.contains('@') || value.bytes().any(|byte| byte.is_ascii_control()) {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request("endpoint 格式非法"));
+    }
+    validate_length("endpoint", value, 2048)
+}
+
+fn validate_nonempty(field: &str, value: &str) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    if value.is_empty() {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request(format!("{field} 不能为空")));
+    }
+    validate_length(field, value, 255)
+}
+
+fn validate_length(field: &str, value: &str, max: usize) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    if value.len() > max || value.bytes().any(|byte| byte.is_ascii_control()) {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request(format!(
+            "{field} 超出长度或包含非法字符"
+        )));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// 校验调度配置并解析 Cron 与时区。
+fn validate_schedule(command: &UpdateBackupScheduleCommand) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    if command.cron_expression.trim().is_empty() {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request("cronExpression 不能为空"));
+    }
+    crate::backup::policy::BackupSchedule::parse(
+        &command.cron_expression,
+        &command.schedule_timezone,
+    )
+    .map_err(map_backup_error)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// 备份基础设施错误到既有 `AdminErrorKind` 的唯一边界映射。
+fn map_backup_error(error: BackupError) -> AdminError {
+    match error.code() {
+        code::INVALID_CONFIG | code::INVALID_CRON | code::INVALID_TIMEZONE => {
+            AdminError::bad_request(error.message().to_owned())
+        }
+        code::RECORD_NOT_FOUND => AdminError::not_found(error.message().to_owned()),
+        code::ACTIVE_TASK_CONFLICT | code::STATE_CONFLICT | code::STORAGE_IDENTITY_LOCKED => {
+            AdminError::conflict(error.message().to_owned())
+        }
+        code::STORE_UNAVAILABLE => {
+            AdminError::new(AdminErrorKind::Unavailable, error.message().to_owned())
+        }
+        _ => AdminError::bad_gateway(error.message().to_owned()),
+    }
+}

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/use_case/client_keys.rs

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl ClientKeyService for DefaultClientKeyService {
                     id,
                     name: command.name,
                     label: command.label,
-                    provider_kind: command.provider_kind,
+                    group_ids: command.group_ids,
                     limits: command.limits,
                     plaintext: plaintext.clone(),
                 },

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/use_case/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 //! 管理控制面的用例实现。
 
+pub mod account_groups;
 pub mod accounts;
 pub mod auth;
+pub mod backup;
 pub mod client_keys;
 pub mod observability;
 pub mod openai;
@@ -12,11 +14,11 @@ pub mod xai;
 use crate::{
     model::{
         AdminError, AdminErrorKind, MutationContext,
-        accounts::{DeleteAccounts, SetAccountEnabled},
+        accounts::DeleteAccounts,
         provider_credentials::{
             AuthorizationMutationTarget, CredentialDeletion, CredentialDeletionResult,
-            CredentialDetails, CredentialMutation, CredentialMutationResult,
-            CredentialRotationCommit, PendingAuthorizationMutation, PreparedAuthorizationCommit,
+            CredentialDetails, CredentialMutationResult, CredentialRotationCommit,
+            PendingAuthorizationMutation, PreparedAuthorizationCommit,
             PreparedAuthorizationCredential, PreparedCredentialImport, PreparedCredentialRotation,
             StartAuthorization,
         },
@@ -279,44 +281,6 @@ async fn commit_credential_refresh(
     }
 }
 
-async fn set_credential_enabled(
-    accounts: &dyn AccountStore,
-    provider: &dyn ProviderAdmin,
-    command: CredentialMutation,
-    enabled: bool,
-    resource: &'static str,
-) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
-    required_credential(
-        accounts,
-        provider.provider_kind(),
-        &command.account_id,
-        resource,
-    )
-    .await?;
-    let account_id = command.account_id;
-    let revision = accounts
-        .set_account_enabled(
-            SetAccountEnabled {
-                account_id: account_id.as_str().to_owned(),
-                enabled,
-            },
-            &command.context,
-        )
-        .await
-        .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, resource))?;
-    if !enabled {
-        provider.account_unavailable(&account_id).await;
-    }
-    provider
-        .account_facts_changed(std::slice::from_ref(&account_id))
-        .await;
-    Ok(CredentialMutationResult {
-        config_revision: revision,
-        account_id,
-        credential_revision: None,
-    })
-}
-
 async fn delete_credentials(
     accounts: &dyn AccountStore,
     provider: &dyn ProviderAdmin,

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/use_case/observability.rs

@@ -98,10 +98,11 @@ impl ObservabilityService for DefaultObservabilityService {
         range: TimeRange,
         kind: TrendKind,
     ) -> Result<DashboardResult, AdminError> {
+        let observed_at = Utc::now();
         let (mut observation, settings, runtime_slots) = futures::try_join!(
-            self.store.dashboard_summary(range),
+            self.store.dashboard_summary(range, observed_at),
             self.settings.load_runtime_settings(),
-            self.store.dashboard_runtime_slots(range.end),
+            self.store.dashboard_runtime_slots(observed_at),
         )
         .map_err(|error| map_store_error(error, "dashboard"))?;
         self.enrich_billing(&mut observation.recent_requests);
@@ -112,15 +113,10 @@ impl ObservabilityService for DefaultObservabilityService {
         let today =
             dashboard_period_metrics(&observation.trend, today_start, observation.range.end);
         let yesterday = dashboard_period_metrics(&observation.trend, yesterday_start, today_start);
-        let total_billing_usd = observation
-            .attempts
-            .costs
-            .iter()
-            .find(|cost| cost.currency == "USD")
-            .map(|cost| cost.amount.clone());
+        let total_billing_usd = observation.totals.billing_usd.clone();
         let total_cached_token_rate = rate_or_zero(
-            observation.requests.cached_tokens,
-            observation.requests.input_tokens,
+            observation.totals.cached_tokens,
+            observation.totals.input_tokens,
         );
         let average_first_token_latency_ms = average(
             observation.requests.first_token_latency_sum_ms,
@@ -130,12 +126,20 @@ impl ObservabilityService for DefaultObservabilityService {
         let health_timeline = health_timeline_at(&observation.trend, Utc::now());
         let wire_profiles = self.providers.dashboard_wire_profiles();
         let max_concurrent_per_account = u64::from(settings.max_concurrent_per_account);
-        let active_accounts = runtime_slots
-            .as_ref()
-            .map_or(observation.provider_accounts.active, |slots| {
-                slots.active_accounts
-            });
-        let total_slots = active_accounts.saturating_mul(max_concurrent_per_account);
+        let total_slots = runtime_slots.as_ref().map_or_else(
+            || {
+                observation
+                    .provider_accounts
+                    .normal
+                    .saturating_mul(max_concurrent_per_account)
+            },
+            |slots| {
+                slots
+                    .inherited_accounts
+                    .saturating_mul(max_concurrent_per_account)
+                    .saturating_add(slots.overridden_slots)
+            },
+        );
         let used_slots = runtime_slots.and_then(|slots| slots.used_slots);
         Ok(DashboardResult {
             capacity: DashboardCapacity {
@@ -247,6 +251,7 @@ impl ObservabilityService for DefaultObservabilityService {
             items: items
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|item| DiagnosticsItem {
+                    key: item.key,
                     name: item.name,
                     request_count: item.request_count,
                     success_count: item.request_count.saturating_sub(item.failure_count),
@@ -254,6 +259,7 @@ impl ObservabilityService for DefaultObservabilityService {
                     error_rate: rate_or_zero(item.failure_count, item.request_count),
                     request_share: rate_or_zero(item.request_count, total_requests),
                     average_latency_ms: item.average_latency_ms,
+                    latency_p95_ms: item.latency_p95_ms,
                     estimated_cost: usd_cost(&item.costs),
                     attempt_count: item.attempt_count,
                     total_tokens: item.total_tokens,
@@ -487,8 +493,7 @@ impl DefaultObservabilityService {
         });
         let quota_used = futures::future::join_all(quota_reads).await;
         for (account, used_percent) in accounts.iter_mut().zip(quota_used) {
-            account.quota_used_percent = used_percent
-                .or_else(|| (account.availability == "quota_exhausted").then_some(100.0));
+            account.quota_used_percent = used_percent;
         }
     }
 

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/use_case/openai.rs

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ use crate::{
         provider_credentials::{
             AuthorizationStarted, CompleteAuthorization, CredentialDeletion,
             CredentialDeletionResult, CredentialDetails, CredentialImportCommit,
-            CredentialImportResult, CredentialListQuery, CredentialMutation,
-            CredentialMutationResult, CredentialPage, ImportCredentials, PrepareCredentialImport,
-            PrepareCredentialRotation, ProviderQuotaRequest, RotateCredential, StartAuthorization,
+            CredentialImportResult, CredentialListQuery, CredentialMutationResult, CredentialPage,
+            ImportCredentials, PrepareCredentialImport, PrepareCredentialRotation,
+            ProviderQuotaRequest, RotateCredential, StartAuthorization,
         },
     },
     ports::{provider::ProviderAdmin, store::AccountStore},
@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@ use crate::{
 use super::{
     commit_authorization, commit_credential_rotation, delete_credentials, map_provider_error,
     map_store_error, pending_authorization, publish_committed, required_credential,
-    set_credential_enabled, validate_authorization_commit, validate_prepared_import,
-    validate_prepared_rotation,
+    validate_authorization_commit, validate_prepared_import, validate_prepared_rotation,
 };
 
 /// OpenAI 固定管理路由消费的服务。
@@ -50,14 +49,6 @@ pub trait OpenAiService: Send + Sync {
         &self,
         command: RotateCredential,
     ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError>;
-    async fn enable(
-        &self,
-        command: CredentialMutation,
-    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError>;
-    async fn disable(
-        &self,
-        command: CredentialMutation,
-    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError>;
     async fn delete(
         &self,
         command: CredentialDeletion,
@@ -84,25 +75,29 @@ impl DefaultOpenAiService {
         }
     }
 
-    async fn observe_initial_quotas(&self, account_ids: &[ProviderAccountId], request_id: &str) {
-        for account_id in account_ids {
-            if let Err(error) = self
-                .provider
-                .quota(ProviderQuotaRequest {
-                    account_id: account_id.clone(),
-                    refresh: true,
-                    rolling_usage: None,
-                })
-                .await
-            {
-                tracing::warn!(
-                    request_id,
-                    account_id = %account_id.as_str(),
-                    quota_error = ?error.kind(),
-                    "OpenAI initial quota observation failed"
-                );
+    fn observe_initial_quotas(&self, account_ids: &[ProviderAccountId], request_id: &str) {
+        let provider = Arc::clone(&self.provider);
+        let account_ids = account_ids.to_vec();
+        let request_id = request_id.to_owned();
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            for account_id in account_ids {
+                if let Err(error) = provider
+                    .quota(ProviderQuotaRequest {
+                        account_id: account_id.clone(),
+                        refresh: true,
+                        rolling_usage: None,
+                    })
+                    .await
+                {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        request_id,
+                        account_id = %account_id.as_str(),
+                        quota_error = ?error.kind(),
+                        "OpenAI initial quota observation failed"
+                    );
+                }
             }
-        }
+        });
     }
 }
 
@@ -155,8 +150,7 @@ impl OpenAiService for DefaultOpenAiService {
             .await;
         publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
         // 导入完成后立即做一次观察；失败不回滚已经提交的 credential。
-        self.observe_initial_quotas(&result.credential_ids, &context.request_id)
-            .await;
+        self.observe_initial_quotas(&result.credential_ids, &context.request_id);
         Ok(result)
     }
 
@@ -208,8 +202,7 @@ impl OpenAiService for DefaultOpenAiService {
         self.observe_initial_quotas(
             std::slice::from_ref(&result.account_id),
             &context.request_id,
-        )
-        .await;
+        );
         Ok(result)
     }
 
@@ -250,38 +243,6 @@ impl OpenAiService for DefaultOpenAiService {
         Ok(result)
     }
 
-    async fn enable(
-        &self,
-        command: CredentialMutation,
-    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
-        let result = set_credential_enabled(
-            self.accounts.as_ref(),
-            self.provider.as_ref(),
-            command,
-            true,
-            "OpenAI credential",
-        )
-        .await?;
-        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
-        Ok(result)
-    }
-
-    async fn disable(
-        &self,
-        command: CredentialMutation,
-    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
-        let result = set_credential_enabled(
-            self.accounts.as_ref(),
-            self.provider.as_ref(),
-            command,
-            false,
-            "OpenAI credential",
-        )
-        .await?;
-        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
-        Ok(result)
-    }
-
     async fn delete(
         &self,
         command: CredentialDeletion,

backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/use_case/xai.rs

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ use crate::{
         provider_credentials::{
             AuthorizationStarted, CompleteAuthorization, CredentialDeletion,
             CredentialDeletionResult, CredentialImportCommit, CredentialImportResult,
-            CredentialListQuery, CredentialMutation, CredentialMutationResult, CredentialPage,
-            ImportCredentials, PrepareCredentialImport, ProviderQuotaRequest, StartAuthorization,
+            CredentialListQuery, CredentialMutationResult, CredentialPage, ImportCredentials,
+            PrepareCredentialImport, ProviderQuotaRequest, StartAuthorization,
         },
     },
     ports::{provider::ProviderAdmin, store::AccountStore},
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ use crate::{
 
 use super::{
     commit_authorization, delete_credentials, map_provider_error, map_store_error,
-    pending_authorization, publish_committed, set_credential_enabled,
-    validate_authorization_commit, validate_prepared_import,
+    pending_authorization, publish_committed, validate_authorization_commit,
+    validate_prepared_import,
 };
 
 /// xAI 固定管理路由消费的服务。
@@ -40,14 +40,6 @@ pub trait XaiService: Send + Sync {
         &self,
         command: CompleteAuthorization,
     ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError>;
-    async fn enable(
-        &self,
-        command: CredentialMutation,
-    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError>;
-    async fn disable(
-        &self,
-        command: CredentialMutation,
-    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError>;
     async fn delete(
         &self,
         command: CredentialDeletion,
@@ -166,38 +158,6 @@ impl XaiService for DefaultXaiService {
         Ok(result)
     }
 
-    async fn enable(
-        &self,
-        command: CredentialMutation,
-    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
-        let result = set_credential_enabled(
-            self.accounts.as_ref(),
-            self.provider.as_ref(),
-            command,
-            true,
-            "xAI credential",
-        )
-        .await?;
-        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
-        Ok(result)
-    }
-
-    async fn disable(
-        &self,
-        command: CredentialMutation,
-    ) -> Result<CredentialMutationResult, AdminError> {
-        let result = set_credential_enabled(
-            self.accounts.as_ref(),
-            self.provider.as_ref(),
-            command,
-            false,
-            "xAI credential",
-        )
-        .await?;
-        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
-        Ok(result)
-    }
-
     async fn delete(
         &self,
         command: CredentialDeletion,

backend/crates/gateway-admin/tests/backup/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//! 备份模块测试：镜像 src/backup/ 的 policy 与 task。
+
+mod policy;
+pub mod support;
+mod task;

backend/crates/gateway-admin/tests/backup/policy.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+//! 备份调度与保留策略（backup/policy.rs）的纯逻辑测试。
+
+use chrono::{Duration, TimeZone as _, Utc};
+
+use gateway_admin::{
+    backup::policy::{BackupSchedule, RetentionReason, decide_retention},
+    model::backup::{BackupRecord, BackupStatus, BackupTriggerKind},
+};
+
+fn record(
+    id: &str,
+    trigger: BackupTriggerKind,
+    status: BackupStatus,
+    created_at: chrono::DateTime<Utc>,
+    completed_at: Option<chrono::DateTime<Utc>>,
+) -> BackupRecord {
+    BackupRecord {
+        id: id.to_owned(),
+        trigger_kind: trigger,
+        status,
+        scheduled_at: if trigger == BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled {
+            Some(created_at)
+        } else {
+            None
+        },
+        object_key: format!("k/{id}"),
+        size_bytes: Some(1),
+        sha256: Some("a".repeat(64)),
+        attempt_count: 0,
+        error_code: None,
+        error_message: None,
+        started_at: Some(created_at),
+        completed_at,
+        expires_at: None,
+        created_at,
+        updated_at: created_at,
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_rejects_bad_cron_and_timezone() {
+    assert!(BackupSchedule::parse("61 * * * *", "Asia/Shanghai").is_err());
+    assert!(BackupSchedule::parse("0 2 * * *", "Not/AZone").is_err());
+    assert!(BackupSchedule::parse("0 2 * * *", "Asia/Shanghai").is_ok());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn next_after_is_strictly_later() {
+    let schedule = BackupSchedule::parse("0 2 * * *", "Asia/Shanghai").unwrap();
+    let at = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 8, 1, 18, 0, 0).unwrap();
+    let next = schedule.next_after(at).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(next, Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 8, 2, 18, 0, 0).unwrap());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn last_firing_is_at_or_before() {
+    let schedule = BackupSchedule::parse("0 2 * * *", "Asia/Shanghai").unwrap();
+    // 北京时间 02:00 = 前一日 18:00 UTC。
+    let before = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 8, 1, 17, 59, 0).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        schedule.last_firing_at_or_before(before).unwrap(),
+        Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 7, 31, 18, 0, 0).unwrap()
+    );
+    let exact = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 8, 1, 18, 0, 0).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(schedule.last_firing_at_or_before(exact).unwrap(), exact);
+    let after = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 8, 1, 19, 0, 0).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(schedule.last_firing_at_or_before(after).unwrap(), exact);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn dst_spring_forward_skips_missing_hour() {
+    let schedule = BackupSchedule::parse("30 2 * * *", "America/New_York").unwrap();
+    let at = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 3, 8, 6, 29, 0).unwrap(); // 01:29 EST
+    let next = schedule.next_after(at).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(next, Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 3, 9, 6, 30, 0).unwrap());
+    let at_after_spring = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 3, 8, 10, 0, 0).unwrap(); // 06:00 EDT
+    let last = schedule.last_firing_at_or_before(at_after_spring).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(last, Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 3, 7, 7, 30, 0).unwrap());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn retention_count_keeps_newest_n() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let base = now - Duration::days(10);
+    let records = vec![
+        record(
+            "newest",
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            BackupStatus::Completed,
+            base + Duration::days(2),
+            Some(base + Duration::days(2)),
+        ),
+        record(
+            "middle",
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            BackupStatus::Completed,
+            base + Duration::days(1),
+            Some(base + Duration::days(1)),
+        ),
+        record(
+            "oldest",
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            BackupStatus::Completed,
+            base,
+            Some(base),
+        ),
+    ];
+    let decisions = decide_retention(0, 2, now, &records);
+    let ids: Vec<_> = decisions.iter().map(|d| d.record_id.as_str()).collect();
+    assert_eq!(ids, vec!["oldest"]);
+    assert_eq!(decisions[0].reason, RetentionReason::Count);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn retention_days_deletes_old_scheduled_but_keeps_newest() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let records = vec![
+        record(
+            "recent",
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            BackupStatus::Completed,
+            now - Duration::days(1),
+            Some(now - Duration::days(1)),
+        ),
+        record(
+            "ancient",
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            BackupStatus::Completed,
+            now - Duration::days(40),
+            Some(now - Duration::days(40)),
+        ),
+    ];
+    let decisions = decide_retention(30, 0, now, &records);
+    let ids: Vec<_> = decisions.iter().map(|d| d.record_id.as_str()).collect();
+    assert_eq!(ids, vec!["ancient"]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn newest_scheduled_never_auto_deleted_even_when_ancient() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let records = vec![record(
+        "sole",
+        BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+        BackupStatus::Completed,
+        now - Duration::days(400),
+        Some(now - Duration::days(400)),
+    )];
+    assert!(decide_retention(30, 1, now, &records).is_empty());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn disabled_thresholds_delete_nothing() {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let records = vec![
+        record(
+            "newest",
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            BackupStatus::Completed,
+            now - Duration::days(2),
+            Some(now - Duration::days(2)),
+        ),
+        record(
+            "old",
+            BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+            BackupStatus::Completed,
+            now - Duration::days(90),
+            Some(now - Duration::days(90)),
+        ),
+    ];
+    assert!(decide_retention(0, 0, now, &records).is_empty());
+}

backend/crates/gateway-admin/tests/backup/support.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,664 @@
+//! 备份测试共享 fixture：内存 fake 端口与辅助函数。
+//!
+//! 用内存 fake 端口驱动编排层，不依赖 MinIO/真实 S3。
+//! s3.rs / pg_dump.rs 是 SDK 薄适配器，协议正确性交给 aws-sdk / pg_dump 保证。
+//! 供 backup::task 与 use_case::backup 的测试复用。
+
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use gateway_admin::{
+    model::{
+        MutationActor, MutationContext, Revision,
+        auth::AdminAuditEvent,
+        backup::{
+            BackupError, BackupObjectMetadata, BackupRecord, BackupRecordListQuery,
+            BackupRecordPage, BackupRecordSeed, BackupSettings, BackupStatus, BackupStorageConfig,
+            BackupTriggerKind, ConnectionTestResult, UpdateBackupScheduleCommand,
+            UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+        },
+    },
+    ports::{
+        backup::{
+            BackupObjectStorePort, BackupRepository, DatabaseDumpPort, DumpArtifact, DumpRequest,
+            StagedArtifact, StatusTransitionUpdate, UploadObjectRequest,
+        },
+        store::{AdminStoreError, AdminStoreErrorKind, AdminStoreResult, AuthStore},
+    },
+};
+use secrecy::SecretString;
+use sha2::{Digest as _, Sha256};
+use tempfile::TempDir;
+
+/// 假归档内容；dump 与上传校验共用同一字节与校验值。
+pub(crate) const DUMP_CONTENT: &[u8] = b"custom-format-archive-bytes-0123456789";
+
+/// 计算一段内容的 SHA-256 十六进制。
+pub(crate) fn sha256_hex(content: &[u8]) -> String {
+    hex::encode(Sha256::digest(content))
+}
+
+/// 返回 32 位十六进制的合法备份记录 id。
+pub(crate) fn backup_id(suffix: &str) -> String {
+    format!("backup_{}", sha256_hex(suffix.as_bytes()))
+}
+
+/// 已配置且已通过连接测试的设置快照。
+pub(crate) fn configured_settings() -> BackupSettings {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    BackupSettings {
+        storage_revision: 1,
+        endpoint: Some("https://s3.example.com".to_owned()),
+        region: Some("auto".to_owned()),
+        bucket: Some("backup-bucket".to_owned()),
+        access_key_id: Some("ak".to_owned()),
+        secret_access_key: Some(SecretString::from("sk-value")),
+        prefix: Some("codex".to_owned()),
+        force_path_style: false,
+        schedule_enabled: false,
+        cron_expression: None,
+        schedule_timezone: None,
+        retention_days: 0,
+        retention_count: 0,
+        next_run_at: None,
+        last_verified_at: Some(now),
+        updated_at: now,
+    }
+}
+
+/// 从 seed 构造 queued 记录。
+pub(crate) fn queued_record(seed: &BackupRecordSeed) -> BackupRecord {
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    BackupRecord {
+        id: seed.id.clone(),
+        trigger_kind: seed.trigger_kind,
+        status: BackupStatus::Queued,
+        scheduled_at: seed.scheduled_at,
+        object_key: seed.object_key.clone(),
+        size_bytes: None,
+        sha256: None,
+        attempt_count: 0,
+        error_code: None,
+        error_message: None,
+        started_at: None,
+        completed_at: None,
+        expires_at: seed.expires_at,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    }
+}
+
+/// 内存版备份仓储。
+pub(crate) struct FakeBackupRepository {
+    settings: Mutex<BackupSettings>,
+    records: Mutex<Vec<BackupRecord>>,
+}
+
+impl FakeBackupRepository {
+    pub(crate) fn new(settings: BackupSettings) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            settings: Mutex::new(settings),
+            records: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 测试辅助：读取当前全部记录。
+    pub(crate) fn all_records(&self) -> Vec<BackupRecord> {
+        self.records.lock().expect("records").clone()
+    }
+
+    /// 测试辅助：强制把一条记录标记为指定时间完成的 completed。
+    pub(crate) fn set_completed(&self, id: &str, completed_at: DateTime<Utc>) {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        if let Some(record) = records.iter_mut().find(|record| record.id == id) {
+            record.status = BackupStatus::Completed;
+            record.completed_at = Some(completed_at);
+            record.updated_at = Utc::now();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 测试辅助：强制把一条记录迁移到指定状态。
+    pub(crate) fn force_status(&self, id: &str, status: BackupStatus) {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        if let Some(record) = records.iter_mut().find(|record| record.id == id) {
+            record.status = status;
+            if matches!(status, BackupStatus::Completed | BackupStatus::Failed) {
+                record.completed_at = Some(Utc::now());
+            }
+            record.updated_at = Utc::now();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl BackupRepository for FakeBackupRepository {
+    async fn load_settings(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupSettings> {
+        Ok(self.settings.lock().expect("settings").clone())
+    }
+
+    async fn update_storage_settings(
+        &self,
+        command: UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+        _context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<(BackupSettings, Revision)> {
+        let mut settings = self.settings.lock().expect("settings");
+        settings.storage_revision += 1;
+        settings.endpoint = Some(command.endpoint);
+        settings.region = Some(command.region);
+        settings.bucket = Some(command.bucket);
+        settings.access_key_id = Some(command.access_key_id);
+        if let Some(secret) = command.secret_access_key {
+            settings.secret_access_key = Some(secret);
+        }
+        settings.prefix = Some(command.prefix);
+        settings.force_path_style = command.force_path_style;
+        settings.last_verified_at = None;
+        settings.updated_at = Utc::now();
+        let revision = Revision::new(settings.storage_revision).map_err(|_| {
+            AdminStoreError::new(AdminStoreErrorKind::Invalid, "backup", "zero revision")
+        })?;
+        Ok((settings.clone(), revision))
+    }
+
+    async fn update_schedule_settings(
+        &self,
+        command: UpdateBackupScheduleCommand,
+        next_run_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+        _context: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupSettings> {
+        let mut settings = self.settings.lock().expect("settings");
+        settings.schedule_enabled = command.schedule_enabled;
+        settings.cron_expression = Some(command.cron_expression);
+        settings.schedule_timezone = Some(command.schedule_timezone);
+        settings.retention_days = command.retention_days;
+        settings.retention_count = command.retention_count;
+        settings.next_run_at = next_run_at;
+        settings.updated_at = Utc::now();
+        Ok(settings.clone())
+    }
+
+    async fn record_verification(
+        &self,
+        storage_revision: u64,
+        at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        let mut settings = self.settings.lock().expect("settings");
+        if settings.storage_revision != storage_revision {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+        settings.last_verified_at = Some(at);
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    async fn insert_backup_record(&self, seed: BackupRecordSeed) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupRecord> {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        if records.iter().any(|record| record.status.is_active()) {
+            return Err(AdminStoreError::new(
+                AdminStoreErrorKind::Conflict,
+                "backup record",
+                "an active backup task already exists",
+            ));
+        }
+        let record = queued_record(&seed);
+        records.push(record.clone());
+        Ok(record)
+    }
+
+    async fn insert_scheduled_record(&self, seed: BackupRecordSeed) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        if records.iter().any(|record| record.status.is_active())
+            || records.iter().any(|record| {
+                record.trigger_kind == BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled
+                    && record.scheduled_at == seed.scheduled_at
+            })
+        {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+        records.push(queued_record(&seed));
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    async fn list_backup_records(
+        &self,
+        query: BackupRecordListQuery,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<BackupRecordPage> {
+        let records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        let mut items = records
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|record| {
+                query.status.is_none_or(|status| record.status == status)
+                    && query
+                        .trigger
+                        .is_none_or(|trigger| record.trigger_kind == trigger)
+            })
+            .cloned()
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        items.sort_by(|a, b| {
+            b.created_at
+                .cmp(&a.created_at)
+                .then_with(|| b.id.cmp(&a.id))
+        });
+        let total = items.len() as u64;
+        let offset =
+            (u64::from(query.page.saturating_sub(1)) * u64::from(query.page_size.get())) as usize;
+        let limit = usize::from(query.page_size.get());
+        items = items.into_iter().skip(offset).take(limit).collect();
+        Ok(BackupRecordPage {
+            items,
+            total,
+            page: query.page,
+            page_size: query.page_size,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn load_backup_record(&self, id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        Ok(self
+            .records
+            .lock()
+            .expect("records")
+            .iter()
+            .find(|record| record.id == id)
+            .cloned())
+    }
+
+    async fn list_intermediate_records(&self) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        Ok(self
+            .records
+            .lock()
+            .expect("records")
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|record| {
+                matches!(
+                    record.status,
+                    BackupStatus::Dumping | BackupStatus::Uploading
+                )
+            })
+            .cloned()
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    async fn list_pending_deletions(&self, _limit: u32) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        Ok(self
+            .records
+            .lock()
+            .expect("records")
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|record| record.status == BackupStatus::Deleting)
+            .cloned()
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    async fn list_expired_records(&self, _limit: u32) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        Ok(self
+            .records
+            .lock()
+            .expect("records")
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|record| {
+                record
+                    .expires_at
+                    .is_some_and(|expires_at| expires_at <= now)
+                    && matches!(
+                        record.status,
+                        BackupStatus::Completed | BackupStatus::Failed
+                    )
+            })
+            .cloned()
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    async fn claim_next_queued(
+        &self,
+        now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        let Some(record) = records
+            .iter_mut()
+            .find(|record| record.status == BackupStatus::Queued)
+        else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        record.status = BackupStatus::Dumping;
+        record.started_at = Some(now);
+        record.attempt_count += 1;
+        record.updated_at = now;
+        Ok(Some(record.clone()))
+    }
+
+    async fn transition_status(
+        &self,
+        id: &str,
+        from: BackupStatus,
+        to: BackupStatus,
+        update: StatusTransitionUpdate,
+        now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        let Some(record) = records
+            .iter_mut()
+            .find(|record| record.id == id && record.status == from)
+        else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        record.status = to;
+        if let Some(size) = update.size_bytes {
+            record.size_bytes = Some(size);
+        }
+        if let Some(sha256) = update.sha256 {
+            record.sha256 = Some(sha256);
+        }
+        if let Some(code) = update.error_code {
+            record.error_code = Some(code);
+        }
+        if let Some(message) = update.error_message {
+            record.error_message = Some(message);
+        }
+        record.completed_at = update.completed_at.or_else(|| {
+            matches!(to, BackupStatus::Completed | BackupStatus::Failed).then_some(now)
+        });
+        record.updated_at = now;
+        Ok(Some(record.clone()))
+    }
+
+    async fn transition_to_deleting(
+        &self,
+        id: &str,
+        now: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<BackupRecord>> {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        let Some(record) = records
+            .iter_mut()
+            .find(|record| record.id == id && record.status.can_be_deleted())
+        else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        record.status = BackupStatus::Deleting;
+        record.updated_at = now;
+        Ok(Some(record.clone()))
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_record(&self, id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
+        let mut records = self.records.lock().expect("records");
+        records.retain(|record| record.id != id);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn advance_schedule_cursor(
+        &self,
+        next_run_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+        _expected_cron: &str,
+        _expected_timezone: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        let mut settings = self.settings.lock().expect("settings");
+        settings.next_run_at = Some(next_run_at);
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    async fn list_scheduled_completed_desc(
+        &self,
+        _limit: u32,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<BackupRecord>> {
+        let mut records = self
+            .records
+            .lock()
+            .expect("records")
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|record| {
+                record.trigger_kind == BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled
+                    && record.status == BackupStatus::Completed
+            })
+            .cloned()
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        records.sort_by(|a, b| {
+            b.completed_at
+                .cmp(&a.completed_at)
+                .then_with(|| b.id.cmp(&a.id))
+        });
+        Ok(records)
+    }
+}
+
+/// 假 `pg_dump` 端口：把固定内容写入临时文件作为归档；可注入失败。
+pub(crate) struct FakeDumpPort {
+    dir: TempDir,
+    fail_dump: bool,
+}
+
+impl FakeDumpPort {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            dir: tempfile::tempdir().expect("temp dir"),
+            fail_dump: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 让下一次 `dump` 返回 `backup.pg_dump_failed`。
+    pub(crate) fn fail_next_dump(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.fail_dump = true;
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn artifact(&self, backup_id: &str) -> DumpArtifact {
+        let path = self.dir.path().join(format!("{backup_id}.dump"));
+        std::fs::write(&path, DUMP_CONTENT).expect("write artifact");
+        DumpArtifact {
+            path,
+            size_bytes: DUMP_CONTENT.len() as u64,
+            sha256: sha256_hex(DUMP_CONTENT),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl DatabaseDumpPort for FakeDumpPort {
+    async fn dump(
+        &self,
+        request: DumpRequest,
+    ) -> Result<DumpArtifact, gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        if self.fail_dump {
+            return Err(gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError::new(
+                gateway_admin::model::backup::code::PG_DUMP_FAILED,
+                "pg_dump failed".to_owned(),
+            ));
+        }
+        if request.cancellation.is_cancelled() {
+            return Err(gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError::new(
+                gateway_admin::model::backup::code::CANCELLED,
+                "cancelled".to_owned(),
+            ));
+        }
+        Ok(self.artifact(&request.backup_id))
+    }
+
+    async fn inspect_staging(
+        &self,
+        backup_id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<StagedArtifact>, gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        let path = self.dir.path().join(format!("{backup_id}.dump"));
+        if !path.exists() {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+        Ok(Some(StagedArtifact {
+            path,
+            size_bytes: DUMP_CONTENT.len() as u64,
+            sha256: sha256_hex(DUMP_CONTENT),
+        }))
+    }
+
+    async fn cleanup_staging(
+        &self,
+        _backup_id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<(), gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 内存版对象存储：把上传内容按 key 保存并支持 Head/Delete/预签名。
+pub(crate) struct FakeObjectStore {
+    pub(crate) objects: Mutex<std::collections::HashMap<String, Vec<u8>>>,
+    upload_error: Option<BackupError>,
+}
+
+impl FakeObjectStore {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            objects: Mutex::new(std::collections::HashMap::new()),
+            upload_error: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 让上传返回指定的脱敏 S3 错误。
+    pub(crate) fn fail_upload(mut self, code: &'static str, message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        self.upload_error = Some(BackupError::new(code, message.into()));
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn object(&self, key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+        self.objects.lock().expect("objects").get(key).cloned()
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl BackupObjectStorePort for FakeObjectStore {
+    async fn test_connection(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+    ) -> Result<ConnectionTestResult, gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        Ok(ConnectionTestResult {
+            ok: true,
+            stage: "deleteObject",
+            code: None,
+            message: "连接测试成功".to_owned(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn upload_file(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        request: UploadObjectRequest,
+    ) -> Result<(), gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        if let Some(error) = &self.upload_error {
+            return Err(error.clone());
+        }
+        let content = std::fs::read(&request.source).map_err(|_| {
+            gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError::new(
+                gateway_admin::model::backup::code::S3_UPLOAD_FAILED,
+                "read source".to_owned(),
+            )
+        })?;
+        self.objects
+            .lock()
+            .expect("objects")
+            .insert(request.object_key, content);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn head_object(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        object_key: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<BackupObjectMetadata>, gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        let Some(content) = self.object(object_key) else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        Ok(Some(BackupObjectMetadata::new(
+            "backup-test".to_owned(),
+            sha256_hex(&content),
+            Utc::now(),
+            content.len() as u64,
+        )))
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_object(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        object_key: &str,
+    ) -> Result<(), gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        self.objects.lock().expect("objects").remove(object_key);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn presigned_download(
+        &self,
+        _config: &BackupStorageConfig,
+        object_key: &str,
+        _file_name: &str,
+        _ttl: std::time::Duration,
+    ) -> Result<String, gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupError> {
+        Ok(format!("https://presigned.example.com/{object_key}"))
+    }
+}
+
+/// 记录审计事件的假 AuthStore。
+pub(crate) struct FakeAuthStore {
+    audit: Mutex<Vec<AdminAuditEvent>>,
+}
+
+impl FakeAuthStore {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            audit: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn audit_actions(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        self.audit
+            .lock()
+            .expect("audit")
+            .iter()
+            .map(|event| event.action.clone())
+            .collect()
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AuthStore for FakeAuthStore {
+    async fn load_password_hash(&self, _admin_user_id: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<String>> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+    async fn create_password_hash_if_absent(
+        &self,
+        _admin_user_id: &str,
+        _password_hash: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<bool> {
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+    async fn load_admin_api_key(
+        &self,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<gateway_admin::model::settings::AdminApiKey>> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+    async fn load_session(
+        &self,
+        _session_id: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<gateway_admin::model::auth::AdminSession>> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+    async fn store_session(
+        &self,
+        _session_id: &str,
+        _session: &gateway_admin::model::auth::AdminSession,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    async fn delete_session(
+        &self,
+        _session_id: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<gateway_admin::model::auth::AdminSession>> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+    async fn append_audit_event(&self, event: AdminAuditEvent) -> AdminStoreResult<()> {
+        self.audit.lock().expect("audit").push(event);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 系统发起者上下文。
+pub(crate) fn system_context() -> MutationContext {
+    MutationContext {
+        actor: MutationActor::System,
+        request_id: "backup-runtime-test".to_owned(),
+    }
+}

backend/crates/gateway-admin/tests/backup/task.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+//! BackupTask 执行链测试：驱动内存 fake 端口跑完整 dump/upload/verify/retention 流程。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+use gateway_admin::{
+    backup::task::BackupTask,
+    model::backup::{
+        BackupRecordSeed, BackupStatus, BackupTriggerKind, UpdateBackupScheduleCommand, code,
+    },
+    ports::backup::{BackupRepository, DatabaseDumpPort, DumpRequest},
+};
+use gateway_core::engine::CancellationToken;
+
+use super::support::{
+    DUMP_CONTENT, FakeBackupRepository, FakeDumpPort, FakeObjectStore, backup_id,
+    configured_settings, sha256_hex, system_context,
+};
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn backup_task_runs_full_dump_upload_verify_pipeline() {
+    let repository = Arc::new(FakeBackupRepository::new(configured_settings()));
+    let dump = Arc::new(FakeDumpPort::new());
+    let object_store = Arc::new(FakeObjectStore::new());
+
+    let seed = BackupRecordSeed {
+        id: backup_id("manual"),
+        trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind::Manual,
+        scheduled_at: None,
+        object_key: "codex/2026/08/01/manual.dump".to_owned(),
+        expires_at: None,
+    };
+    repository
+        .insert_backup_record(seed.clone())
+        .await
+        .expect("insert queued");
+
+    let task = BackupTask::new(repository.clone(), dump.clone(), object_store.clone());
+    task.run_cycle(&CancellationToken::new())
+        .await
+        .expect("run cycle");
+
+    let records = repository.all_records();
+    assert_eq!(records.len(), 1);
+    let finished = &records[0];
+    assert_eq!(finished.status, BackupStatus::Completed);
+    assert_eq!(finished.size_bytes, Some(DUMP_CONTENT.len() as u64));
+    assert_eq!(
+        finished.sha256.as_deref(),
+        Some(sha256_hex(DUMP_CONTENT).as_str())
+    );
+
+    // 对象已上传且内容与本地归档一致。
+    let stored = object_store
+        .object(&seed.object_key)
+        .expect("uploaded object exists");
+    assert_eq!(stored.as_slice(), DUMP_CONTENT);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn backup_task_marks_failed_when_dump_port_fails() {
+    let repository = Arc::new(FakeBackupRepository::new(configured_settings()));
+    let dump = Arc::new(FakeDumpPort::new().fail_next_dump());
+    let object_store = Arc::new(FakeObjectStore::new());
+
+    let seed = BackupRecordSeed {
+        id: backup_id("fail"),
+        trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind::Manual,
+        scheduled_at: None,
+        object_key: "codex/2026/08/01/fail.dump".to_owned(),
+        expires_at: None,
+    };
+    repository
+        .insert_backup_record(seed.clone())
+        .await
+        .expect("insert queued");
+
+    let task = BackupTask::new(repository.clone(), dump.clone(), object_store.clone());
+    task.run_cycle(&CancellationToken::new())
+        .await
+        .expect("run cycle");
+
+    let records = repository.all_records();
+    let failed = &records[0];
+    assert_eq!(failed.status, BackupStatus::Failed);
+    assert_eq!(failed.error_code.as_deref(), Some("backup.pg_dump_failed"));
+    assert!(failed.completed_at.is_some());
+    // 归档未上传，对象不存在。
+    assert!(object_store.object(&seed.object_key).is_none());
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn backup_task_marks_failed_with_the_upload_error() {
+    let repository = Arc::new(FakeBackupRepository::new(configured_settings()));
+    let dump = Arc::new(FakeDumpPort::new());
+    let object_store =
+        Arc::new(FakeObjectStore::new().fail_upload(code::S3_UPLOAD_FAILED, "对象存储拒绝上传"));
+    let seed = BackupRecordSeed {
+        id: backup_id("upload-failure"),
+        trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind::Manual,
+        scheduled_at: None,
+        object_key: "codex/2026/08/01/upload-failure.dump".to_owned(),
+        expires_at: None,
+    };
+    repository
+        .insert_backup_record(seed.clone())
+        .await
+        .expect("insert queued");
+
+    let task = BackupTask::new(repository.clone(), dump, object_store);
+    task.run_cycle(&CancellationToken::new())
+        .await
+        .expect("run cycle");
+
+    let records = repository.all_records();
+    let failed = &records[0];
+    assert_eq!(failed.status, BackupStatus::Failed);
+    assert_eq!(failed.error_code.as_deref(), Some(code::S3_UPLOAD_FAILED));
+    assert_eq!(
+        failed.error_message.as_deref(),
+        Some("上传到对象存储失败：对象存储拒绝上传")
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn backup_task_recovery_marks_failed_with_the_upload_error() {
+    let repository = Arc::new(FakeBackupRepository::new(configured_settings()));
+    let dump = Arc::new(FakeDumpPort::new());
+    let object_store =
+        Arc::new(FakeObjectStore::new().fail_upload(code::S3_UPLOAD_FAILED, "对象存储拒绝上传"));
+    let seed = BackupRecordSeed {
+        id: backup_id("recovered-upload-failure"),
+        trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind::Manual,
+        scheduled_at: None,
+        object_key: "codex/2026/08/01/recovered-upload-failure.dump".to_owned(),
+        expires_at: None,
+    };
+    repository
+        .insert_backup_record(seed.clone())
+        .await
+        .expect("insert queued");
+    let cancellation = CancellationToken::new();
+    dump.dump(DumpRequest {
+        backup_id: seed.id.clone(),
+        cancellation: cancellation.clone(),
+    })
+    .await
+    .expect("stage dump");
+    repository.force_status(&seed.id, BackupStatus::Dumping);
+
+    let task = BackupTask::new(repository.clone(), dump, object_store);
+    task.run_cycle(&cancellation).await.expect("run cycle");
+
+    let records = repository.all_records();
+    let failed = &records[0];
+    assert_eq!(failed.status, BackupStatus::Failed);
+    assert_eq!(failed.error_code.as_deref(), Some(code::S3_UPLOAD_FAILED));
+    assert_eq!(
+        failed.error_message.as_deref(),
+        Some("上传到对象存储失败：对象存储拒绝上传")
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn retention_cleans_expired_scheduled_backups() {
+    let repository = Arc::new(FakeBackupRepository::new(configured_settings()));
+    let dump = Arc::new(FakeDumpPort::new());
+    let object_store = Arc::new(FakeObjectStore::new());
+
+    // 造一条旧 completed 计划备份（超过 retention_days）与一条新备份。
+    let old_seed = BackupRecordSeed {
+        id: backup_id("old"),
+        trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+        scheduled_at: Some(Utc::now() - Duration::days(40)),
+        object_key: "codex/2026/06/01/old.dump".to_owned(),
+        expires_at: None,
+    };
+    let new_seed = BackupRecordSeed {
+        id: backup_id("new"),
+        trigger_kind: BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled,
+        scheduled_at: Some(Utc::now() - Duration::days(1)),
+        object_key: "codex/2026/07/01/new.dump".to_owned(),
+        expires_at: None,
+    };
+    repository
+        .insert_scheduled_record(old_seed.clone())
+        .await
+        .expect("insert old");
+    // 旧备份 40 天前完成（释放活跃名额），再插入新备份。
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    repository.set_completed(&backup_id("old"), now - Duration::days(40));
+    repository
+        .insert_scheduled_record(new_seed.clone())
+        .await
+        .expect("insert new");
+    // 新备份 1 天前完成。
+    repository.set_completed(&backup_id("new"), now - Duration::days(1));
+    // 两个对象都已上传。
+    object_store
+        .objects
+        .lock()
+        .expect("objects")
+        .insert(old_seed.object_key.clone(), DUMP_CONTENT.to_vec());
+    object_store
+        .objects
+        .lock()
+        .expect("objects")
+        .insert(new_seed.object_key.clone(), DUMP_CONTENT.to_vec());
+
+    // 设置 retention_days = 30。
+    repository
+        .update_schedule_settings(
+            UpdateBackupScheduleCommand {
+                schedule_enabled: false,
+                cron_expression: "0 2 * * *".to_owned(),
+                schedule_timezone: "Asia/Shanghai".to_owned(),
+                retention_days: 30,
+                retention_count: 0,
+            },
+            None,
+            &system_context(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("set retention");
+
+    let task = BackupTask::new(repository.clone(), dump.clone(), object_store.clone());
+    task.run_cycle(&CancellationToken::new())
+        .await
+        .expect("run cycle");
+
+    // 旧备份被硬删除，对象被删除；新备份保留。
+    let records = repository.all_records();
+    let ids: Vec<_> = records.iter().map(|record| record.id.as_str()).collect();
+    assert_eq!(ids, vec![backup_id("new").as_str()]);
+    assert!(object_store.object(&old_seed.object_key).is_none());
+    assert!(object_store.object(&new_seed.object_key).is_some());
+}

backend/crates/gateway-admin/tests/main.rs

@@ -11,12 +11,15 @@ use gateway_admin::{
         observability::{DecimalAmount, RequestOutcome, TimeRange},
         provider_credentials::{
             CredentialCommitGuard, ProviderDocument, ProviderQuota, ProviderQuotaWindow,
+            QuotaLocalUsageAttribution,
         },
         settings::AdminApiKey,
     },
     ports::store::{AccountStore, AuthStore, ClientKeyStore, ObservabilityStore, SettingsStore},
 };
 
+mod backup;
+mod model;
 mod use_case;
 
 #[test]
@@ -125,12 +128,57 @@ fn representative_quota_should_prefer_short_window_and_highest_usage() {
             quota_window("shortTerm", Some(18_000), Some(30.0)),
             quota_window("shortTerm", Some(14_400), Some(45.0)),
         ],
+        limit_reached: false,
         provider_data: None,
     };
 
     assert_eq!(quota.representative_used_percent(), Some(45.0));
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn exhausted_quota_should_project_full_usage_to_only_the_representative_window() {
+    let mut quota = ProviderQuota {
+        observed_at: None,
+        refresh_token_expires_at: None,
+        windows: vec![
+            quota_window("monthly", Some(2_592_000), Some(99.0)),
+            quota_window("shortTerm", Some(604_800), Some(80.0)),
+            quota_window("shortTerm", Some(18_000), Some(30.0)),
+            quota_window("shortTerm", Some(14_400), Some(95.0)),
+        ],
+        limit_reached: true,
+        provider_data: None,
+    };
+
+    assert_eq!(quota.representative_used_percent(), Some(100.0));
+    quota.apply_limit_reached_display();
+
+    assert_eq!(quota.windows[0].used_percent, Some(99.0));
+    assert_eq!(quota.windows[1].used_percent, Some(80.0));
+    assert_eq!(quota.windows[2].used_percent, Some(30.0));
+    assert_eq!(quota.windows[3].used_percent, Some(100.0));
+    assert!(quota.windows[3].limit_reached);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn exhausted_quota_should_preserve_the_provider_identified_reached_window() {
+    let mut reached = quota_window("monthly", Some(2_592_000), Some(98.0));
+    reached.limit_reached = true;
+    let mut quota = ProviderQuota {
+        observed_at: None,
+        refresh_token_expires_at: None,
+        windows: vec![reached, quota_window("shortTerm", Some(18_000), Some(95.0))],
+        limit_reached: true,
+        provider_data: None,
+    };
+
+    quota.apply_limit_reached_display();
+
+    assert_eq!(quota.windows[0].used_percent, Some(100.0));
+    assert_eq!(quota.windows[1].used_percent, Some(95.0));
+    assert!(!quota.windows[1].limit_reached);
+}
+
 fn quota_window(
     group: &str,
     window_seconds: Option<u64>,
@@ -141,9 +189,11 @@ fn quota_window(
         group: group.to_owned(),
         label: group.to_owned(),
         source: None,
+        local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide,
         window_seconds,
         used_percent,
         reset_at: None,
+        limit_reached: false,
         local_usage: None,
         provider_data: None,
     }

backend/crates/gateway-admin/tests/model/backup.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+//! 备份领域模型（model/backup.rs）的纯逻辑测试。
+
+use chrono::{TimeZone as _, Utc};
+use secrecy::SecretString;
+
+use gateway_admin::model::backup::{
+    BackupSettings, BackupStatus, BackupStorageConfig, BackupTriggerKind, build_object_key,
+};
+
+#[test]
+fn status_machine_rejects_invalid_transitions() {
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Queued.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Dumping));
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Dumping.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Uploading));
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Uploading.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Completed));
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Completed.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Deleting));
+    assert!(!BackupStatus::Queued.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Completed));
+    assert!(!BackupStatus::Completed.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Dumping));
+    assert!(!BackupStatus::Deleting.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Failed));
+    assert!(!BackupStatus::Deleting.allows_transition_to(BackupStatus::Completed));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn status_classification() {
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Queued.is_active());
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Uploading.is_active());
+    assert!(!BackupStatus::Completed.is_active());
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Completed.can_be_deleted());
+    assert!(BackupStatus::Failed.can_be_deleted());
+    assert!(!BackupStatus::Queued.can_be_deleted());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn object_key_shape() {
+    let at = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 8, 1, 12, 30, 0).unwrap();
+    let key = build_object_key("production/backups", "backup_abc", at).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        key,
+        "production/backups/2026/08/01/codex-proxy-rs_20260801_123000_abc.dump"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn object_key_rejects_dangerous_prefixes() {
+    let at = Utc::now();
+    assert!(build_object_key("/leading", "backup_x", at).is_err());
+    assert!(build_object_key("a/../b", "backup_x", at).is_err());
+    assert!(build_object_key("a\\b", "backup_x", at).is_err());
+    assert!(build_object_key("a\u{0001}b", "backup_x", at).is_err());
+    assert!(build_object_key("", "backup_x", at).is_err());
+    assert!(build_object_key("trailing//", "backup_x", at).is_ok());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn trigger_and_status_roundtrip() {
+    for status in [
+        BackupStatus::Queued,
+        BackupStatus::Dumping,
+        BackupStatus::Uploading,
+        BackupStatus::Completed,
+        BackupStatus::Failed,
+        BackupStatus::Deleting,
+    ] {
+        assert_eq!(BackupStatus::parse(status.as_str()), Some(status));
+    }
+    assert_eq!(
+        BackupTriggerKind::parse("manual"),
+        Some(BackupTriggerKind::Manual)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        BackupTriggerKind::parse("scheduled"),
+        Some(BackupTriggerKind::Scheduled)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(BackupTriggerKind::parse("unknown"), None);
+    assert_eq!(BackupStatus::parse("skipped"), None);
+    assert_eq!(BackupStatus::parse("deleted"), None);
+    assert_eq!(BackupStatus::parse("unknown"), None);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_from_settings_redacts_secret_in_debug() {
+    let mut settings = BackupSettings {
+        storage_revision: 3,
+        endpoint: Some("https://example.com".to_owned()),
+        region: Some("auto".to_owned()),
+        bucket: Some("b".to_owned()),
+        access_key_id: Some("ak".to_owned()),
+        secret_access_key: Some(SecretString::from("sk-secret")),
+        prefix: Some("p".to_owned()),
+        force_path_style: false,
+        schedule_enabled: false,
+        cron_expression: None,
+        schedule_timezone: None,
+        retention_days: 0,
+        retention_count: 0,
+        next_run_at: None,
+        last_verified_at: None,
+        updated_at: Utc::now(),
+    };
+    assert!(!format!("{:?}", settings).contains("sk-secret"));
+    let config = BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings).unwrap();
+    assert!(!format!("{config:?}").contains("sk-secret"));
+    settings.endpoint = None;
+    assert!(BackupStorageConfig::from_settings(&settings).is_none());
+}

backend/crates/gateway-admin/tests/model/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+//! 模型模块测试：镜像 src/model/ 中带逻辑的模块。
+
+mod backup;

backend/crates/gateway-admin/tests/use_case/backup.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+//! BackupService 用例测试：通过 AdminHarness 注入 fake 备份端口构造真实服务。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupStatus;
+use gateway_admin::ports::backup::BackupStorePorts;
+
+use crate::backup::support::{
+    FakeAuthStore, FakeBackupRepository, FakeDumpPort, FakeObjectStore, configured_settings,
+    system_context,
+};
+
+use super::AdminHarness;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn backup_service_creates_downloads_and_deletes_with_audit() {
+    let repository = Arc::new(FakeBackupRepository::new(configured_settings()));
+    let dump = Arc::new(FakeDumpPort::new());
+    let object_store = Arc::new(FakeObjectStore::new());
+    let auth = Arc::new(FakeAuthStore::new());
+
+    let services = AdminHarness::new()
+        .auth(auth.clone())
+        .backup(BackupStorePorts::new(
+            repository.clone(),
+            dump,
+            object_store,
+        ))
+        .build()
+        .await;
+
+    // 创建手动备份 → queued + 审计。
+    let created = services
+        .backups()
+        .create_backup(&system_context(), None)
+        .await
+        .expect("create backup");
+    assert_eq!(created.status, BackupStatus::Queued);
+    assert!(created.object_key.starts_with("codex/"));
+    assert!(
+        auth.audit_actions()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|action| action == "backup.created")
+    );
+
+    // 下载地址要求 completed 记录。
+    repository.force_status(&created.id, BackupStatus::Completed);
+    let download = services
+        .backups()
+        .download_url(&system_context(), &created.id)
+        .await
+        .expect("download url");
+    assert!(download.url.starts_with("https://presigned.example.com/"));
+    assert!(
+        auth.audit_actions()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|action| action == "backup.download_url_created")
+    );
+
+    // 删除 → deleting + 审计。
+    let deleting = services
+        .backups()
+        .delete_backup(&system_context(), &created.id)
+        .await
+        .expect("delete backup");
+    assert_eq!(deleting.status, BackupStatus::Deleting);
+    assert!(
+        auth.audit_actions()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|action| action == "backup.delete_requested")
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn backup_service_rejects_download_of_non_completed_record() {
+    let repository = Arc::new(FakeBackupRepository::new(configured_settings()));
+    let dump = Arc::new(FakeDumpPort::new());
+    let object_store = Arc::new(FakeObjectStore::new());
+    let auth = Arc::new(FakeAuthStore::new());
+
+    let services = AdminHarness::new()
+        .auth(auth.clone())
+        .backup(BackupStorePorts::new(
+            repository.clone(),
+            dump,
+            object_store,
+        ))
+        .build()
+        .await;
+
+    let created = services
+        .backups()
+        .create_backup(&system_context(), None)
+        .await
+        .expect("create backup");
+
+    // queued 记录不能创建下载地址。
+    let error = services
+        .backups()
+        .download_url(&system_context(), &created.id)
+        .await
+        .expect_err("non-completed record must be rejected");
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), gateway_admin::model::AdminErrorKind::Conflict);
+}

backend/crates/gateway-admin/tests/use_case/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 mod accounts;
 mod auth;
+mod backup;
 mod client_keys;
 mod observability;
 mod openai;
@@ -13,14 +14,20 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use futures::future::BoxFuture;
 use gateway_admin::{
     AdminConfig, AdminServices, InitialAdminPassword,
     model::{
         MutationContext, Revision,
+        account_groups::{
+            AccountGroupListQuery, AccountGroupMutation, AccountGroupPage, DeleteAccountGroup,
+            NewAccountGroup, SetAccountGroupEnabled, UpdateAccountGroup,
+        },
         accounts::{
-            AccountListQuery, AccountPage, AccountRecord, AccountUsage, AccountUsageWindowQuery,
-            AccountUsageWindowResult, DeleteAccounts, SetAccountEnabled,
+            AccountListQuery, AccountPage, AccountUpdateResult, AccountUsage,
+            AccountUsageWindowQuery, AccountUsageWindowResult, AccountsUpdateResult,
+            BatchUpdateAccounts, DeleteAccounts, UpdateAccount,
         },
         auth::{AdminAuditEvent, AdminSession},
         client_keys::{
@@ -46,10 +53,11 @@ use gateway_admin::{
         system::{SystemOperationAccepted, SystemUpdateDetail, SystemUpdateStatus, SystemVersion},
     },
     ports::{
+        backup::BackupStorePorts,
         provider::{ProviderAdmin, ProviderAdminError, ProviderAdminErrorKind},
         store::{
-            AccountStore, AdminStoreError, AdminStoreErrorKind, AdminStorePorts, AdminStoreResult,
-            AuthStore, ClientKeyStore, ObservabilityStore, SettingsStore,
+            AccountGroupStore, AccountStore, AdminStoreError, AdminStoreErrorKind, AdminStorePorts,
+            AdminStoreResult, AuthStore, ClientKeyStore, ObservabilityStore, SettingsStore,
         },
         system::{
             SystemOperationError, SystemOperationErrorKind, SystemOperations,
@@ -75,6 +83,7 @@ pub(super) struct AdminHarness {
     client_keys: Arc<dyn ClientKeyStore>,
     observability: Arc<dyn ObservabilityStore>,
     settings: Arc<dyn SettingsStore>,
+    backup: BackupStorePorts,
     providers: Vec<Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin>>,
     probe: Arc<dyn AccountProbe>,
     system: Arc<dyn SystemOperations>,
@@ -91,6 +100,7 @@ impl AdminHarness {
             client_keys: unavailable.clone(),
             observability: unavailable.clone(),
             settings: unavailable,
+            backup: BackupStorePorts::disabled(),
             providers: vec![
                 Arc::new(UnavailableProvider::new("openai")),
                 Arc::new(UnavailableProvider::new("xai")),
@@ -135,6 +145,11 @@ impl AdminHarness {
         self
     }
 
+    pub(super) fn backup(mut self, backup: BackupStorePorts) -> Self {
+        self.backup = backup;
+        self
+    }
+
     pub(super) fn provider(mut self, provider: Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin>) -> Self {
         self.providers
             .retain(|registered| registered.provider_kind() != provider.provider_kind());
@@ -161,10 +176,12 @@ impl AdminHarness {
             },
             AdminStorePorts::new(
                 self.accounts,
+                Arc::new(UnavailableAccountGroupStore),
                 self.auth,
                 self.client_keys,
                 self.observability,
                 self.settings,
+                self.backup,
             ),
             self.providers,
             Arc::new(NoopSnapshot),
@@ -224,13 +241,60 @@ impl AuthStore for BootstrapAuthStore {
 
 struct UnavailableStore;
 
+struct UnavailableAccountGroupStore;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AccountGroupStore for UnavailableAccountGroupStore {
+    async fn list_account_groups(
+        &self,
+        _: AccountGroupListQuery,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupPage> {
+        Err(unavailable("account groups"))
+    }
+
+    async fn create_account_group(
+        &self,
+        _: NewAccountGroup,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation> {
+        Err(unavailable("account group create"))
+    }
+
+    async fn update_account_group(
+        &self,
+        _: UpdateAccountGroup,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation> {
+        Err(unavailable("account group update"))
+    }
+
+    async fn set_account_group_enabled(
+        &self,
+        _: SetAccountGroupEnabled,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation> {
+        Err(unavailable("account group state"))
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_account_group(
+        &self,
+        _: DeleteAccountGroup,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation> {
+        Err(unavailable("account group delete"))
+    }
+}
+
 #[async_trait]
 impl AccountStore for UnavailableStore {
     async fn list_accounts(&self, _: AccountListQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountPage> {
         Err(unavailable("accounts"))
     }
 
-    async fn load_account(&self, _: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AccountRecord>> {
+    async fn load_account(
+        &self,
+        _: &str,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<gateway_admin::model::accounts::AccountPageItem>> {
         Err(unavailable("account"))
     }
 
@@ -305,14 +369,30 @@ impl AccountStore for UnavailableStore {
         Err(unavailable("credential refresh"))
     }
 
-    async fn set_account_enabled(
+    async fn update_account(
         &self,
-        _: SetAccountEnabled,
+        _: UpdateAccount,
         _: &MutationContext,
-    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Revision> {
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountUpdateResult> {
         Err(unavailable("account enabled"))
     }
 
+    async fn recover_account(
+        &self,
+        _: &ProviderAccountId,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountUpdateResult> {
+        Err(unavailable("account recovery"))
+    }
+
+    async fn batch_update_accounts(
+        &self,
+        _: BatchUpdateAccounts,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountsUpdateResult> {
+        Err(unavailable("account batch update"))
+    }
+
     async fn delete_accounts(
         &self,
         _: DeleteAccounts,
@@ -378,7 +458,11 @@ impl ClientKeyStore for UnavailableStore {
 
 #[async_trait]
 impl ObservabilityStore for UnavailableStore {
-    async fn dashboard_summary(&self, _: TimeRange) -> AdminStoreResult<DashboardObservation> {
+    async fn dashboard_summary(
+        &self,
+        _: TimeRange,
+        _: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<DashboardObservation> {
         Err(unavailable("dashboard"))
     }
 

backend/crates/gateway-admin/tests/use_case/observability.rs

@@ -183,7 +183,8 @@ async fn dashboard_summary_should_project_rebuildable_runtime_slots() {
     let now = Utc::now();
     let store = Arc::new(FixtureObservabilityStore::new(observation_range(now)));
     store.replace_runtime_slots(Some(DashboardRuntimeSlots {
-        active_accounts: 3,
+        inherited_accounts: 2,
+        overridden_slots: 5,
         used_slots: Some(2),
     }));
     let services = observability_services(store).await;
@@ -195,9 +196,28 @@ async fn dashboard_summary_should_project_rebuildable_runtime_slots() {
         .expect("dashboard summary")
         .capacity;
 
-    assert_eq!(capacity.total_slots, 3);
+    assert_eq!(capacity.total_slots, 7);
     assert_eq!(capacity.used_slots, Some(2));
-    assert_eq!(capacity.available_slots, Some(1));
+    assert_eq!(capacity.available_slots, Some(5));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn dashboard_summary_should_share_one_current_observation_time_across_runtime_facts() {
+    let historical_end = Utc::now() - Duration::hours(1);
+    let store = Arc::new(FixtureObservabilityStore::new(observation_range(
+        historical_end,
+    )));
+    let services = observability_services(store.clone()).await;
+
+    services
+        .observability()
+        .dashboard_summary(observation_range(historical_end), TrendKind::Usage)
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard summary");
+
+    let (summary_observed_at, slots_observed_at) = store.observed_times();
+    assert_eq!(summary_observed_at, slots_observed_at);
+    assert!(summary_observed_at.is_some_and(|value| value > historical_end));
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
@@ -394,6 +414,8 @@ struct FixtureObservabilityStore {
     calculated_billing_facts: Mutex<Vec<UsageCalculatedBillingFact>>,
     diagnostics: Mutex<Vec<DiagnosticObservation>>,
     runtime_slots: Mutex<Option<DashboardRuntimeSlots>>,
+    summary_observed_at: Mutex<Option<DateTime<Utc>>>,
+    slots_observed_at: Mutex<Option<DateTime<Utc>>>,
     usage_records: Mutex<Vec<UsageRecord>>,
 }
 
@@ -410,6 +432,8 @@ impl FixtureObservabilityStore {
             calculated_billing_facts: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
             diagnostics: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
             runtime_slots: Mutex::new(None),
+            summary_observed_at: Mutex::new(None),
+            slots_observed_at: Mutex::new(None),
             usage_records: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
         }
     }
@@ -437,6 +461,16 @@ impl FixtureObservabilityStore {
         *self.runtime_slots.lock().expect("runtime slots") = runtime_slots;
     }
 
+    fn observed_times(&self) -> (Option<DateTime<Utc>>, Option<DateTime<Utc>>) {
+        (
+            *self
+                .summary_observed_at
+                .lock()
+                .expect("summary observed at"),
+            *self.slots_observed_at.lock().expect("slots observed at"),
+        )
+    }
+
     fn replace_usage_records(&self, records: Vec<UsageRecord>) {
         *self.usage_records.lock().expect("usage records") = records;
     }
@@ -444,11 +478,20 @@ impl FixtureObservabilityStore {
 
 #[async_trait]
 impl ObservabilityStore for FixtureObservabilityStore {
-    async fn dashboard_summary(&self, range: TimeRange) -> AdminStoreResult<DashboardObservation> {
+    async fn dashboard_summary(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<DashboardObservation> {
+        *self
+            .summary_observed_at
+            .lock()
+            .expect("summary observed at") = Some(observed_at);
         Ok(DashboardObservation {
             range,
             requests: RequestMetrics::default(),
             attempts: AttemptMetrics::default(),
+            totals: Default::default(),
             provider_accounts: AccountPoolMetrics::default(),
             trend: self.trend.lock().expect("trend").clone(),
             account_usage: Vec::new(),
@@ -458,8 +501,9 @@ impl ObservabilityStore for FixtureObservabilityStore {
 
     async fn dashboard_runtime_slots(
         &self,
-        _: DateTime<Utc>,
+        observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
     ) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<DashboardRuntimeSlots>> {
+        *self.slots_observed_at.lock().expect("slots observed at") = Some(observed_at);
         Ok(*self.runtime_slots.lock().expect("runtime slots"))
     }
 
@@ -611,6 +655,9 @@ fn total_record(
         id: id.to_owned(),
         client_api_key_ref: "key_billing".to_owned(),
         config_revision: 1,
+        routing_scope: "all".to_owned(),
+        routing_group_refs: Vec::new(),
+        routing_group_names_snapshot: Vec::new(),
         protocol: "openai".to_owned(),
         operation: "generate".to_owned(),
         endpoint: "/v1/responses".to_owned(),
@@ -695,6 +742,7 @@ fn health_metric_point(bucket_start: DateTime<Utc>, metrics: RequestMetrics) ->
 
 fn diagnostic(name: &str, request_count: u64) -> DiagnosticObservation {
     DiagnosticObservation {
+        key: name.to_owned(),
         name: name.to_owned(),
         request_count,
         success_count: request_count,
@@ -702,6 +750,7 @@ fn diagnostic(name: &str, request_count: u64) -> DiagnosticObservation {
         attempt_count: request_count,
         total_tokens: request_count.saturating_mul(100),
         average_latency_ms: Some(100),
+        latency_p95_ms: Some(200),
         cost_coverage: CostCoverage::default(),
         costs: Vec::new(),
     }

backend/crates/gateway-admin/tests/use_case/openai.rs

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ use gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId;
 use gateway_admin::{
     AdminServices,
     model::provider_credentials::{
-        AuthorizationMutationTarget, CompleteAuthorization, CredentialDeletion, CredentialMutation,
-        ImportCredentials, ProviderQuotaRequest, StartAuthorization,
+        AuthorizationMutationTarget, CompleteAuthorization, CredentialDeletion, ImportCredentials,
+        ProviderQuotaRequest, StartAuthorization,
     },
     ports::provider::ProviderAdminErrorKind,
 };
@@ -15,55 +15,6 @@ use super::accounts::{
     FakeAccountStore, FakeProviderAdmin, context, document, events, recorded, revision,
 };
 
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn openai_enable_should_use_scoped_store_without_provider_mutation() {
-    let events = events();
-    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
-    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events.clone());
-    let services = service(provider, store.clone()).await;
-
-    services
-        .openai()
-        .enable(mutation("acct_test"))
-        .await
-        .expect("enable credential");
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        recorded(&events),
-        [
-            "store.credential_details",
-            "store.set_enabled",
-            "provider.account_facts_changed",
-        ]
-    );
-    assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["request-openai"]);
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn openai_disable_should_commit_then_release_provider_resources() {
-    let events = events();
-    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
-    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events.clone());
-    let services = service(provider, store.clone()).await;
-
-    services
-        .openai()
-        .disable(mutation("acct_test"))
-        .await
-        .expect("disable credential");
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        recorded(&events),
-        [
-            "store.credential_details",
-            "store.set_enabled",
-            "provider.account_unavailable",
-            "provider.account_facts_changed",
-        ]
-    );
-    assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["request-openai"]);
-}
-
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn openai_delete_should_commit_then_release_provider_resources() {
     let events = events();
@@ -89,26 +40,6 @@ async fn openai_delete_should_commit_then_release_provider_resources() {
     assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["request-openai"]);
 }
 
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn openai_disable_store_failure_should_not_release_provider_resources() {
-    let events = events();
-    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events.clone());
-    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events.clone());
-    store.fail_next_commit();
-    let services = service(provider, store).await;
-
-    services
-        .openai()
-        .disable(mutation("acct_test"))
-        .await
-        .expect_err("failed Store transaction");
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        recorded(&events),
-        ["store.credential_details", "store.set_enabled"]
-    );
-}
-
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn openai_import_should_prepare_before_atomic_store_commit() {
     let events = events();
@@ -125,6 +56,8 @@ async fn openai_import_should_prepare_before_atomic_store_commit() {
         .await
         .expect("import credential");
 
+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
     assert_eq!(
         recorded(&events),
         [
@@ -162,6 +95,8 @@ async fn openai_import_should_refresh_quota_for_every_imported_account() {
         .await
         .expect("import credentials");
 
+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 2).await;
+
     assert_eq!(
         result.credential_ids,
         [
@@ -203,6 +138,8 @@ async fn openai_import_should_remain_successful_when_quota_refresh_fails() {
         .await
         .expect("committed import remains successful");
 
+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
     assert_eq!(
         result.credential_ids,
         [ProviderAccountId::new("acct_prepared").expect("account ID")]
@@ -236,6 +173,8 @@ async fn openai_authorization_create_should_observe_initial_quota() {
         .await
         .expect("complete authorization");
 
+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
     assert_eq!(
         recorded(&events),
         [
@@ -284,6 +223,8 @@ async fn openai_authorization_create_should_remain_successful_when_initial_quota
         .await
         .expect("quota observation must not fail authorization");
 
+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
     assert_eq!(result.account_id.as_str(), "acct_prepared");
     assert_eq!(provider.quota_requests().len(), 1);
 }
@@ -322,6 +263,8 @@ async fn openai_authorization_store_failure_should_release_claim_for_retry() {
         .await
         .expect("released claim must permit retry");
 
+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
     assert_eq!(
         recorded(&events),
         [
@@ -400,6 +343,8 @@ async fn openai_reauthorization_should_commit_after_credential_revision_advances
         .await
         .expect("complete reauthorization");
 
+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
     assert_eq!(result.credential_revision, Some(revision(3)));
 
     assert_eq!(
@@ -426,11 +371,14 @@ async fn service(provider: Arc<FakeProviderAdmin>, store: Arc<FakeAccountStore>)
         .await
 }
 
-fn mutation(account_id: &str) -> CredentialMutation {
-    CredentialMutation {
-        context: context("request-openai"),
-        account_id: ProviderAccountId::new(account_id).expect("account ID"),
+async fn await_quota_requests(provider: &FakeProviderAdmin, expected: usize) {
+    for _ in 0..100 {
+        if provider.quota_requests().len() == expected {
+            return;
+        }
+        tokio::task::yield_now().await;
     }
+    assert_eq!(provider.quota_requests().len(), expected);
 }
 
 fn deletion(account_id: &str) -> CredentialDeletion {

backend/crates/gateway-admin/tests/use_case/xai.rs

@@ -4,37 +4,12 @@ use gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId;
 
 use gateway_admin::{
     AdminServices,
-    model::provider_credentials::{CredentialMutation, ImportCredentials, ProviderQuotaRequest},
+    model::provider_credentials::{ImportCredentials, ProviderQuotaRequest},
     ports::provider::ProviderAdminErrorKind,
 };
 
 use super::accounts::{FakeAccountStore, FakeProviderAdmin, context, document, events, recorded};
 
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn xai_disable_should_commit_then_notify_the_stateless_provider() {
-    let events = events();
-    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("xai", events.clone());
-    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("xai", events.clone());
-    let services = service(provider.clone(), store.clone()).await;
-
-    services
-        .xai()
-        .disable(mutation("acct_test"))
-        .await
-        .expect("disable credential");
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        recorded(&events),
-        [
-            "store.credential_details",
-            "store.set_enabled",
-            "provider.account_unavailable",
-            "provider.account_facts_changed",
-        ]
-    );
-    assert_eq!(store.audit_requests(), ["request-xai"]);
-}
-
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn xai_import_should_prepare_before_atomic_store_commit() {
     let events = events();
@@ -132,10 +107,3 @@ async fn service(provider: Arc<FakeProviderAdmin>, store: Arc<FakeAccountStore>)
         .build()
         .await
 }
-
-fn mutation(account_id: &str) -> CredentialMutation {
-    CredentialMutation {
-        context: context("request-xai"),
-        account_id: ProviderAccountId::new(account_id).expect("account ID"),
-    }
-}

backend/crates/gateway-api/Cargo.toml

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ futures = "0.3.32"
 gateway-admin = { path = "../gateway-admin" }
 gateway-core = { path = "../gateway-core" }
 gateway-protocol = { path = "../gateway-protocol" }
+secrecy = "0.10"
 serde = { version = "1.0.228", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0.150", features = ["arbitrary_precision", "preserve_order"] }
 thiserror = "2.0.18"

backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/account_groups.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+//! Account group HTTP wire and fixed routes.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+use axum::{
+    Json, Router,
+    extract::{Query, State},
+    http::StatusCode,
+    response::IntoResponse,
+    routing::{get, post},
+};
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use gateway_admin::model::{
+    PageSize,
+    account_groups::{
+        AccountGroupAccountSummary, AccountGroupCapacity, AccountGroupColor, AccountGroupListQuery,
+        AccountGroupMutation, AccountGroupPage, AccountGroupRecord, AccountGroupUsage,
+        CreateAccountGroup, DeleteAccountGroup, SetAccountGroupEnabled, UpdateAccountGroup,
+    },
+};
+use gateway_core::routing::AccountGroupId;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use super::{
+    AdminAuth, AdminEnvelope, AdminError, AdminResponse, AdminSessionState, PageMeta,
+    WireValidationError, wire::map_admin_service_error,
+};
+
+const DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE: u32 = 50;
+const MAX_PAGE_SIZE: u32 = 200;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct ListAccountGroupsQuery {
+    page: Option<u32>,
+    page_size: Option<u32>,
+    search: Option<String>,
+    enabled: Option<bool>,
+}
+
+impl ListAccountGroupsQuery {
+    fn into_command(self) -> Result<AccountGroupListQuery, WireValidationError> {
+        let page = self.page.unwrap_or(1);
+        let page_size = self.page_size.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE);
+        if page == 0 || page_size == 0 || page_size > MAX_PAGE_SIZE {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("page"));
+        }
+        let search = self
+            .search
+            .map(|value| value.trim().to_owned())
+            .filter(|value| !value.is_empty());
+        if search
+            .as_deref()
+            .is_some_and(|value| value.len() > 256 || value.chars().any(char::is_control))
+        {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("search"));
+        }
+        Ok(AccountGroupListQuery {
+            page,
+            page_size: PageSize::new(
+                u16::try_from(page_size).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("pageSize"))?,
+            )
+            .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("pageSize"))?,
+            search,
+            enabled: self.enabled,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct CreateAccountGroupRequest {
+    name: String,
+    description: Option<String>,
+    color: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct UpdateAccountGroupRequest {
+    id: String,
+    name: String,
+    description: Option<String>,
+    color: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct AccountGroupIdRequest {
+    id: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct AccountGroupView {
+    id: String,
+    name: String,
+    description: Option<String>,
+    color: String,
+    enabled: bool,
+    member_count: u64,
+    provider_counts: BTreeMap<String, u64>,
+    client_key_count: u64,
+    account_summary: AccountGroupAccountSummaryView,
+    capacity: AccountGroupCapacityView,
+    usage: AccountGroupUsageView,
+    created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct AccountGroupAccountSummaryView {
+    available: u64,
+    limited: u64,
+    total: u64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct AccountGroupCapacityView {
+    used_slots: Option<u64>,
+    total_slots: u64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct AccountGroupUsageView {
+    today_usd: String,
+    total_usd: String,
+}
+
+impl From<AccountGroupRecord> for AccountGroupView {
+    fn from(record: AccountGroupRecord) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: record.id.to_string(),
+            name: record.name,
+            description: record.description,
+            color: record.color.as_str().to_owned(),
+            enabled: record.enabled,
+            member_count: record.member_count,
+            provider_counts: record.provider_counts,
+            client_key_count: record.client_key_count,
+            account_summary: account_summary_view(record.account_summary),
+            capacity: capacity_view(record.capacity),
+            usage: usage_view(record.usage),
+            created_at: record.created_at,
+            updated_at: record.updated_at,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn account_summary_view(summary: AccountGroupAccountSummary) -> AccountGroupAccountSummaryView {
+    AccountGroupAccountSummaryView {
+        available: summary.available,
+        limited: summary.limited,
+        total: summary.total,
+    }
+}
+
+fn capacity_view(capacity: AccountGroupCapacity) -> AccountGroupCapacityView {
+    AccountGroupCapacityView {
+        used_slots: capacity.used_slots,
+        total_slots: capacity.total_slots,
+    }
+}
+
+fn usage_view(usage: AccountGroupUsage) -> AccountGroupUsageView {
+    AccountGroupUsageView {
+        today_usd: usage.today_usd.to_string(),
+        total_usd: usage.total_usd.to_string(),
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct AccountGroupPageData {
+    items: Vec<AccountGroupView>,
+    page: PageMeta,
+    config_revision: u64,
+}
+
+impl From<AccountGroupPage> for AccountGroupPageData {
+    fn from(page: AccountGroupPage) -> Self {
+        let total_pages = if page.total == 0 {
+            0
+        } else {
+            page.total.div_ceil(u64::from(page.page_size))
+        };
+        Self {
+            items: page.items.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
+            page: PageMeta::new(
+                page.page,
+                u32::from(page.page_size),
+                page.total,
+                u32::try_from(total_pages).unwrap_or(u32::MAX),
+            ),
+            config_revision: page.config_revision.get(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct AccountGroupMutationData {
+    id: String,
+    record: Option<AccountGroupView>,
+    config_revision: u64,
+}
+
+impl From<AccountGroupMutation> for AccountGroupMutationData {
+    fn from(mutation: AccountGroupMutation) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: mutation.id.to_string(),
+            record: mutation.record.map(Into::into),
+            config_revision: mutation.config_revision.get(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Construct all fixed account-group management routes.
+pub fn router<S>() -> Router<S>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    Router::new()
+        .route("/api/admin/account-groups", get(list::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/account-groups/create", post(create::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/account-groups/update", post(update::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/account-groups/enable", post(enable::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/account-groups/disable", post(disable::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/account-groups/delete", post(delete::<S>))
+}
+
+async fn list<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<ListAccountGroupsQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .account_groups()
+        .list(query.into_command().map_err(map_wire_error)?)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(AccountGroupPageData::from(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn create<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<CreateAccountGroupRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    validate_group_fields(&request.name, request.description.as_deref())?;
+    mutation_response(
+        StatusCode::CREATED,
+        state
+            .admin_services()
+            .account_groups()
+            .create(
+                &auth.context().mutation_context(),
+                CreateAccountGroup {
+                    name: request.name,
+                    description: request.description,
+                    color: group_color(&request.color)?,
+                },
+            )
+            .await,
+    )
+}
+
+async fn update<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<UpdateAccountGroupRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    validate_group_fields(&request.name, request.description.as_deref())?;
+    mutation_response(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        state
+            .admin_services()
+            .account_groups()
+            .update(
+                &auth.context().mutation_context(),
+                UpdateAccountGroup {
+                    id: group_id(request.id)?,
+                    name: request.name,
+                    description: request.description,
+                    color: group_color(&request.color)?,
+                },
+            )
+            .await,
+    )
+}
+
+async fn enable<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<AccountGroupIdRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    set_enabled(auth, state, request, true).await
+}
+
+async fn disable<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<AccountGroupIdRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    set_enabled(auth, state, request, false).await
+}
+
+async fn set_enabled<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    state: S,
+    request: AccountGroupIdRequest,
+    enabled: bool,
+) -> Result<AdminResponse<AdminEnvelope<AccountGroupMutationData>>, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    mutation_response(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        state
+            .admin_services()
+            .account_groups()
+            .set_enabled(
+                &auth.context().mutation_context(),
+                SetAccountGroupEnabled {
+                    id: group_id(request.id)?,
+                    enabled,
+                },
+            )
+            .await,
+    )
+}
+
+async fn delete<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<AccountGroupIdRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    mutation_response(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        state
+            .admin_services()
+            .account_groups()
+            .delete(
+                &auth.context().mutation_context(),
+                DeleteAccountGroup {
+                    id: group_id(request.id)?,
+                },
+            )
+            .await,
+    )
+}
+
+fn mutation_response(
+    status: StatusCode,
+    result: Result<AccountGroupMutation, gateway_admin::model::AdminError>,
+) -> Result<AdminResponse<AdminEnvelope<AccountGroupMutationData>>, AdminError> {
+    let result = result.map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        status,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(AccountGroupMutationData::from(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+fn group_id(value: String) -> Result<AccountGroupId, AdminError> {
+    AccountGroupId::new(value).map_err(|_| AdminError::bad_request("Invalid account group ID"))
+}
+
+fn group_color(value: &str) -> Result<AccountGroupColor, AdminError> {
+    AccountGroupColor::parse(value)
+        .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::bad_request("Invalid account group color"))
+}
+
+fn validate_group_fields(name: &str, description: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), AdminError> {
+    if name.trim() != name
+        || name.is_empty()
+        || name.chars().count() > 100
+        || name.chars().any(char::is_control)
+        || description
+            .is_some_and(|value| value.len() > 4096 || value.chars().any(char::is_control))
+    {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request("Invalid account group request"));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn map_wire_error(_: WireValidationError) -> AdminError {
+    AdminError::bad_request("Invalid account group query")
+}
+
+fn map_service_error(error: gateway_admin::model::AdminError) -> AdminError {
+    map_admin_service_error(error, "Account group repository unavailable")
+}

backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/accounts.rs

@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@ use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD};
 use chrono::{DateTime, FixedOffset, Utc};
 use futures::{Stream, StreamExt as _};
 use gateway_admin::model::{
-    AdminError as AdminServiceError, AdminErrorKind, PageSize,
+    AdminError as AdminServiceError, PageSize,
     accounts::{
-        AccountConnectionTestEvent as DomainConnectionTestEvent, AccountCost, AccountListQuery,
-        AccountModelUsage, AccountSort, AccountSortField, AccountStatus as DomainAccountStatus,
-        AccountUsage, SortDirection,
+        AccountConcurrencyLimit, AccountConnectionTestEvent as DomainConnectionTestEvent,
+        AccountCost, AccountGroupFilter, AccountListQuery, AccountModelUsage, AccountSort,
+        AccountSortField, AccountStatus as DomainAccountStatus, AccountUpdateResult, AccountUsage,
+        AccountWeight, AccountsUpdateResult, BatchUpdateAccounts, SortDirection, UpdateAccount,
     },
     provider_credentials::{
         AccountDirectoryItem, AccountDirectoryPage, AccountExportBundle, AccountRefreshResult,
@@ -32,11 +33,12 @@ use gateway_admin::model::{
 };
 use gateway_core::{
     engine::credential::{OpaqueProviderData, ProviderAccountId},
-    routing::{ProviderKind, UpstreamModelId},
+    routing::{AccountGroupId, ProviderKind, UpstreamModelId},
 };
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize};
 use serde_json::{Map, Value};
 
+use super::presenter::{format_compact_number, format_decimal_currency, format_number};
 use super::{
     AdminAuth, AdminEnvelope, AdminError, AdminResponse, AdminSessionState, PageMeta,
     WireValidationError,
@@ -50,8 +52,10 @@ const MAX_NAME_BYTES: usize = 512;
 const MAX_IMPORT_DATA_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
 const MAX_ACCESS_TOKEN_BYTES: usize = 16 * 1024;
 const MAX_REFRESH_TOKEN_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1024;
+const MAX_ID_TOKEN_BYTES: usize = 16 * 1024;
 const MAX_CALLBACK_URL_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1024;
 const MAX_ACCOUNT_DELETE_BATCH: usize = 200;
+const MAX_ACCOUNT_GROUP_BATCH: usize = 1000;
 
 /// 账号列表查询参数。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Deserialize)]
@@ -60,12 +64,74 @@ pub struct ListQuery {
     pub page: Option<u32>,
     pub page_size: Option<u32>,
     pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub group_id: Option<String>,
     pub search: Option<String>,
     pub status: Option<String>,
     pub sort_by: Option<String>,
     pub sort_direction: Option<String>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct BatchUpdateAccountsRequest {
+    pub account_ids: Vec<String>,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "deserialize_required_nullable")]
+    pub concurrency_limit: Option<u64>,
+    pub weight: u64,
+    pub group_ids: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct BatchUpdatedAccountsData {
+    account_ids: Vec<String>,
+    config_revision: u64,
+}
+
+impl From<AccountsUpdateResult> for BatchUpdatedAccountsData {
+    fn from(result: AccountsUpdateResult) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            account_ids: result
+                .account_ids
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|id| id.to_string())
+                .collect(),
+            config_revision: result.config_revision.get(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl BatchUpdateAccountsRequest {
+    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+        if self.account_ids.is_empty()
+            || self.account_ids.len() > MAX_ACCOUNT_GROUP_BATCH
+            || self
+                .account_ids
+                .iter()
+                .any(|id| require_account_id(id, "accountIds").is_err())
+            || self.account_ids.iter().collect::<BTreeSet<_>>().len() != self.account_ids.len()
+        {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("accountIds"));
+        }
+        validate_wire_group_ids(&self.group_ids)?;
+        parse_concurrency_limit(self.concurrency_limit)?;
+        parse_account_weight(self.weight)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn into_command(self) -> Result<BatchUpdateAccounts, WireValidationError> {
+        self.validate()?;
+        Ok(BatchUpdateAccounts {
+            account_ids: self.account_ids,
+            enabled: self.enabled,
+            concurrency_limit: parse_concurrency_limit(self.concurrency_limit)?,
+            weight: parse_account_weight(self.weight)?,
+            group_ids: validate_wire_group_ids(&self.group_ids)?,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 impl ListQuery {
     /// 解析并校验全部 wire 字段，生成 Admin 查询命令。
     pub fn validate(self) -> Result<AccountListQuery, WireValidationError> {
@@ -78,6 +144,14 @@ impl ListQuery {
             return Err(WireValidationError::new("pageSize"));
         }
         let provider_kind = parse_provider(self.provider.as_deref().unwrap_or("all"))?;
+        let group_filter = match self.group_id.as_deref().map(str::trim) {
+            None | Some("") => None,
+            Some("ungrouped") => Some(AccountGroupFilter::Ungrouped),
+            Some(value) => Some(AccountGroupFilter::Group(
+                AccountGroupId::new(value.to_owned())
+                    .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("groupId"))?,
+            )),
+        };
         let search = self
             .search
             .map(|value| value.trim().to_owned())
@@ -90,7 +164,8 @@ impl ListQuery {
         let status = match self.status.as_deref().map(str::trim) {
             None | Some("") => None,
             Some(value) => Some(
-                parse_account_status(value).ok_or_else(|| WireValidationError::new("status"))?,
+                DomainAccountStatus::parse(&value.to_ascii_lowercase())
+                    .ok_or_else(|| WireValidationError::new("status"))?,
             ),
         };
         let sort = match (self.sort_by.as_deref(), self.sort_direction.as_deref()) {
@@ -109,6 +184,7 @@ impl ListQuery {
             )
             .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("pageSize"))?,
             provider_kind,
+            group_filter,
             search,
             status,
             sort,
@@ -126,17 +202,6 @@ fn parse_provider(value: &str) -> Result<Option<ProviderKind>, WireValidationErr
         .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("provider"))
 }
 
-fn parse_account_status(value: &str) -> Option<DomainAccountStatus> {
-    match value.trim().to_ascii_lowercase().as_str() {
-        "active" => Some(DomainAccountStatus::Active),
-        "expired" => Some(DomainAccountStatus::Expired),
-        "quota_exhausted" => Some(DomainAccountStatus::QuotaExhausted),
-        "disabled" => Some(DomainAccountStatus::Disabled),
-        "banned" => Some(DomainAccountStatus::Banned),
-        _ => None,
-    }
-}
-
 fn parse_sort_field(value: &str) -> Option<AccountSortField> {
     match value.trim() {
         "email" => Some(AccountSortField::Email),
@@ -171,9 +236,11 @@ pub struct AccountPageData {
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct AccountSummaryView {
     pub total: u64,
-    pub active: u64,
+    pub normal: u64,
     pub quota_exhausted: u64,
-    pub unavailable: u64,
+    pub rate_limited: u64,
+    pub disabled: u64,
+    pub error: u64,
 }
 
 /// 一条安全账号视图。
@@ -183,6 +250,7 @@ pub struct AccountView {
     pub id: String,
     pub name: String,
     pub provider: String,
+    pub groups: Vec<AccountGroupRefView>,
     pub resource_ref: String,
     pub email: Option<String>,
     pub account_id: Option<String>,
@@ -192,10 +260,13 @@ pub struct AccountView {
     pub authentication_kind: String,
     pub has_refresh_token: bool,
     pub status: String,
-    pub display_status: String,
-    pub token_refreshing: bool,
-    pub availability: String,
+    /// `status == "error"` 时的具体原因；其余状态为 `null`。
+    pub error_reason: Option<String>,
+    /// 最近一次失败的上游错误描述；仅错误状态存在。
+    pub error_message: Option<String>,
     pub enabled: bool,
+    pub concurrency_limit: Option<u32>,
+    pub weight: u16,
     pub access_token_expires_at: Option<String>,
     pub access_token_expires_at_display: Option<String>,
     pub refresh_token_expires_at: Option<String>,
@@ -208,11 +279,23 @@ pub struct AccountView {
     pub usage: AccountUsageView,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct AccountGroupRefView {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub color: String,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+}
+
 /// Provider quota 安全视图。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct AccountQuotaView {
     pub refreshed_at_display: String,
+    pub limit_reached: bool,
+    /// 429 临时限流（Redis 冷却）到期时间展示；非限流中为 `null`。
+    pub rate_limited_until: Option<String>,
     pub windows: Vec<AccountQuotaWindowView>,
 }
 
@@ -226,6 +309,7 @@ pub struct AccountQuotaWindowView {
     pub label_display: String,
     pub used_percent: Option<f64>,
     pub used_percent_display: String,
+    pub limit_reached: bool,
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     pub local_usage: Option<serde_json::Value>,
     pub reset_at_display: String,
@@ -522,10 +606,9 @@ impl From<DomainConnectionTestEvent> for AccountConnectionTestEvent {
             DomainConnectionTestEvent::Content { text } => {
                 serde_json::json!({ "type": "content", "text": text })
             }
-            DomainConnectionTestEvent::Completed { account_status } => serde_json::json!({
+            DomainConnectionTestEvent::Completed => serde_json::json!({
                 "type": "test_complete",
-                "success": true,
-                "accountStatus": account_status_name(account_status)
+                "success": true
             }),
             DomainConnectionTestEvent::Failed {
                 message,
@@ -534,7 +617,6 @@ impl From<DomainConnectionTestEvent> for AccountConnectionTestEvent {
                 upstream_status,
                 upstream_content_type,
                 upstream_body,
-                account_status,
             } => serde_json::json!({
                 "type": "error",
                 "error": message,
@@ -542,8 +624,7 @@ impl From<DomainConnectionTestEvent> for AccountConnectionTestEvent {
                 "providerErrorType": provider_error_type,
                 "upstreamStatus": upstream_status,
                 "upstreamContentType": upstream_content_type,
-                "upstreamBody": upstream_body,
-                "accountStatus": account_status_name(account_status)
+                "upstreamBody": upstream_body
             }),
         };
         Self { data }
@@ -686,31 +767,49 @@ impl CompleteAccountAuthorizationRequest {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
-pub struct AccountMutationRequest {
-    pub provider: String,
+pub struct UpdateAccountRequest {
     pub account_id: String,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "deserialize_required_nullable")]
+    pub concurrency_limit: Option<u64>,
+    pub weight: u64,
+    pub group_ids: Vec<String>,
 }
 
-impl AccountMutationRequest {
+impl UpdateAccountRequest {
     pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
-        AccountProvider::parse(&self.provider)?;
-        require_account_id(&self.account_id, "accountId")
+        require_account_id(&self.account_id, "accountId")?;
+        parse_concurrency_limit(self.concurrency_limit)?;
+        parse_account_weight(self.weight)?;
+        validate_wire_group_ids(&self.group_ids)?;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn into_command(
-        self,
-        context: gateway_admin::model::MutationContext,
-    ) -> Result<(AccountProvider, CredentialMutation), WireValidationError> {
+    fn into_command(self) -> Result<UpdateAccount, WireValidationError> {
         self.validate()?;
-        let provider = AccountProvider::parse(&self.provider)?;
-        Ok((
-            provider,
-            CredentialMutation {
-                context,
-                account_id: ProviderAccountId::new(self.account_id)
-                    .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("accountId"))?,
-            },
-        ))
+        Ok(UpdateAccount {
+            account_id: self.account_id,
+            enabled: self.enabled,
+            concurrency_limit: parse_concurrency_limit(self.concurrency_limit)?,
+            weight: parse_account_weight(self.weight)?,
+            group_ids: validate_wire_group_ids(&self.group_ids)?,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct UpdatedAccountData {
+    pub account_id: String,
+    pub config_revision: u64,
+}
+
+impl From<AccountUpdateResult> for UpdatedAccountData {
+    fn from(result: AccountUpdateResult) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            account_id: result.account_id.to_string(),
+            config_revision: result.config_revision.get(),
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -765,6 +864,7 @@ pub struct RotateAccountRequest {
     pub account_id: String,
     pub access_token: String,
     pub refresh_token: Option<String>,
+    pub id_token: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl RotateAccountRequest {
@@ -773,7 +873,11 @@ impl RotateAccountRequest {
             return Err(WireValidationError::new("provider"));
         }
         require_account_id(&self.account_id, "accountId")?;
-        validate_oauth_material(&self.access_token, self.refresh_token.as_deref())
+        validate_oauth_material(
+            &self.access_token,
+            self.refresh_token.as_deref(),
+            self.id_token.as_deref(),
+        )
     }
 
     fn into_command(
@@ -787,6 +891,10 @@ impl RotateAccountRequest {
             "refresh_token".to_owned(),
             self.refresh_token.map_or(Value::Null, Value::String),
         );
+        material.insert(
+            "id_token".to_owned(),
+            self.id_token.map_or(Value::Null, Value::String),
+        );
         Ok(RotateCredential {
             mutation: CredentialMutation {
                 context,
@@ -805,8 +913,8 @@ pub struct AccountImportData {
     pub account_ids: Vec<String>,
 }
 
-impl From<CredentialImportResult> for AccountImportData {
-    fn from(result: CredentialImportResult) -> Self {
+impl AccountImportData {
+    pub fn from_result(result: CredentialImportResult) -> Self {
         let account_ids = result
             .credential_ids
             .into_iter()
@@ -883,6 +991,46 @@ fn require_account_id(value: &str, field: &'static str) -> Result<(), WireValida
     Ok(())
 }
 
+fn parse_concurrency_limit(
+    value: Option<u64>,
+) -> Result<Option<AccountConcurrencyLimit>, WireValidationError> {
+    value
+        .map(|value| {
+            u32::try_from(value)
+                .ok()
+                .and_then(AccountConcurrencyLimit::new)
+                .ok_or_else(|| WireValidationError::new("concurrencyLimit"))
+        })
+        .transpose()
+}
+
+fn deserialize_required_nullable<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Option<u64>, D::Error>
+where
+    D: Deserializer<'de>,
+{
+    Option::<u64>::deserialize(deserializer)
+}
+
+fn parse_account_weight(value: u64) -> Result<AccountWeight, WireValidationError> {
+    u16::try_from(value)
+        .ok()
+        .and_then(AccountWeight::new)
+        .ok_or_else(|| WireValidationError::new("weight"))
+}
+
+fn validate_wire_group_ids(values: &[String]) -> Result<Vec<AccountGroupId>, WireValidationError> {
+    if values.len() > MAX_ACCOUNT_GROUP_BATCH
+        || values.iter().collect::<BTreeSet<_>>().len() != values.len()
+    {
+        return Err(WireValidationError::new("groupIds"));
+    }
+    values
+        .iter()
+        .cloned()
+        .map(|value| AccountGroupId::new(value).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("groupIds")))
+        .collect()
+}
+
 /// 构造统一账号管理路由。
 pub fn router<S>() -> Router<S>
 where
@@ -894,10 +1042,14 @@ where
         .route("/api/admin/accounts/export", get(export_accounts::<S>))
         .route("/api/admin/accounts/import", post(import_accounts::<S>))
         .route("/api/admin/accounts/refresh", post(refresh_account::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/accounts/recover", post(recover_account::<S>))
         .route("/api/admin/accounts/rotate", post(rotate_account::<S>))
-        .route("/api/admin/accounts/enable", post(enable_account::<S>))
-        .route("/api/admin/accounts/disable", post(disable_account::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/accounts/update", post(update_account::<S>))
         .route("/api/admin/accounts/delete", post(delete_accounts::<S>))
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/accounts/batch-update",
+            post(batch_update_accounts::<S>),
+        )
         .route("/api/admin/accounts/quota", get(account_quota::<S>))
         .route(
             "/api/admin/accounts/quota/refresh",
@@ -922,6 +1074,27 @@ where
         )
 }
 
+async fn batch_update_accounts<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<BatchUpdateAccountsRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let command = request.into_command().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .accounts()
+        .batch_update(&auth.context().mutation_context(), command)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(BatchUpdatedAccountsData::from(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
 async fn list_accounts<S>(
     _auth: AdminAuth,
     State(state): State<S>,
@@ -1011,7 +1184,7 @@ where
     .map_err(map_service_error)?;
     Ok(AdminResponse::new(
         StatusCode::CREATED,
-        AdminEnvelope::ok(AccountImportData::from(result)),
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(AccountImportData::from_result(result)),
     ))
 }
 
@@ -1106,64 +1279,24 @@ where
     ))
 }
 
-async fn enable_account<S>(
+async fn update_account<S>(
     auth: AdminAuth,
     State(state): State<S>,
-    Json(request): Json<AccountMutationRequest>,
+    Json(request): Json<UpdateAccountRequest>,
 ) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
 where
     S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
 {
-    mutate_account(auth, state, request, AccountMutationAction::Enable).await
-}
-
-async fn disable_account<S>(
-    auth: AdminAuth,
-    State(state): State<S>,
-    Json(request): Json<AccountMutationRequest>,
-) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
-where
-    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
-{
-    mutate_account(auth, state, request, AccountMutationAction::Disable).await
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-enum AccountMutationAction {
-    Enable,
-    Disable,
-}
-
-async fn mutate_account<S>(
-    auth: AdminAuth,
-    state: S,
-    request: AccountMutationRequest,
-    action: AccountMutationAction,
-) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
-where
-    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
-{
-    let (provider, command) = request
-        .into_command(auth.context().mutation_context())
-        .map_err(map_wire_error)?;
-    let result = match (provider, action) {
-        (AccountProvider::OpenAi, AccountMutationAction::Enable) => {
-            state.admin_services().openai().enable(command).await
-        }
-        (AccountProvider::OpenAi, AccountMutationAction::Disable) => {
-            state.admin_services().openai().disable(command).await
-        }
-        (AccountProvider::Xai, AccountMutationAction::Enable) => {
-            state.admin_services().xai().enable(command).await
-        }
-        (AccountProvider::Xai, AccountMutationAction::Disable) => {
-            state.admin_services().xai().disable(command).await
-        }
-    }
-    .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    let command = request.into_command().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .accounts()
+        .update(&auth.context().mutation_context(), command)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
     Ok(AdminResponse::new(
         StatusCode::OK,
-        AdminEnvelope::ok(AccountMutationData::from(result)),
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(UpdatedAccountData::from(result)),
     ))
 }
 
@@ -1208,6 +1341,25 @@ where
     Ok(AdminResponse::new(StatusCode::OK, AdminEnvelope::ok(data)))
 }
 
+async fn recover_account<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<AccountActionRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let account_id = request.into_id().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .accounts()
+        .recover(&auth.context().mutation_context(), account_id)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    let data = account_refresh_data(result, Utc::now());
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(StatusCode::OK, AdminEnvelope::ok(data)))
+}
+
 async fn account_quota<S>(
     _auth: AdminAuth,
     State(state): State<S>,
@@ -1331,9 +1483,11 @@ fn account_page_data(
         page: PageMeta::new(page, u32::from(page_size), result.total, total_pages),
         summary: AccountSummaryView {
             total: result.summary.total,
-            active: result.summary.active,
+            normal: result.summary.normal,
             quota_exhausted: result.summary.quota_exhausted,
-            unavailable: result.summary.unavailable,
+            rate_limited: result.summary.rate_limited,
+            disabled: result.summary.disabled,
+            error: result.summary.error,
         },
     }
 }
@@ -1363,32 +1517,46 @@ fn account_models_data(result: ProviderModels) -> AccountModelsData {
 fn account_view(item: AccountDirectoryItem, now: DateTime<Utc>) -> AccountView {
     let AccountDirectoryItem {
         account,
-        status,
+        projection,
         usage,
         quota,
     } = item;
-    let status = account_status_name(status).to_owned();
+    let status = projection.status.as_str().to_owned();
+    let rate_limited_until = projection.rate_limited_until.map(DateTime::<Utc>::from);
     let expires_at = account.access_token_expires_at.as_ref().map(china_rfc3339);
     let added_at = china_rfc3339(&account.created_at);
     let updated_at = china_rfc3339(&account.updated_at);
-    let (quota, refresh_token_expires_at) = account_quota_view(quota, now);
+    let (quota, refresh_token_expires_at) = account_quota_view(quota, rate_limited_until, now);
     AccountView {
         id: account.id.clone(),
         name: account.name,
         provider: account.provider_kind.to_string(),
+        groups: account
+            .groups
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|group| AccountGroupRefView {
+                id: group.id.to_string(),
+                name: group.name,
+                color: group.color.as_str().to_owned(),
+                enabled: group.enabled,
+            })
+            .collect(),
         resource_ref: account.id,
         email: account.email,
         account_id: account.upstream_account_id,
-        user_id: Some(account.upstream_user_id),
+        user_id: account.upstream_user_id,
         label: None,
         plan_type: account.plan_type,
         authentication_kind: account.authentication_kind,
         has_refresh_token: account.has_refresh_token,
-        status: status.clone(),
-        display_status: status,
-        token_refreshing: false,
-        availability: account.availability.as_str().to_owned(),
+        status,
+        error_reason: projection
+            .error_reason
+            .map(|reason| reason.as_str().to_owned()),
+        error_message: projection.error_message,
         enabled: account.enabled,
+        concurrency_limit: account.concurrency_limit.map(|limit| limit.get()),
+        weight: account.weight.get(),
         access_token_expires_at: expires_at,
         access_token_expires_at_display: account
             .access_token_expires_at
@@ -1406,9 +1574,11 @@ fn account_view(item: AccountDirectoryItem, now: DateTime<Utc>) -> AccountView {
 }
 
 fn account_quota_view(
-    quota: ProviderQuota,
+    mut quota: ProviderQuota,
+    rate_limited_until: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
     now: DateTime<Utc>,
 ) -> (AccountQuotaView, Option<String>) {
+    quota.apply_limit_reached_display();
     let refresh_token_expires_at = quota
         .refresh_token_expires_at
         .map(|value| china_rfc3339(&value));
@@ -1416,9 +1586,12 @@ fn account_quota_view(
         .observed_at
         .map_or_else(|| "—".to_owned(), |value| relative_time(value, now));
     let windows = quota.windows.into_iter().map(quota_window_view).collect();
+    let rate_limited_until = rate_limited_until.map(|until| china_datetime(&until));
     (
         AccountQuotaView {
             refreshed_at_display,
+            limit_reached: quota.limit_reached,
+            rate_limited_until,
             windows,
         },
         refresh_token_expires_at,
@@ -1431,9 +1604,11 @@ fn quota_window_view(window: ProviderQuotaWindow) -> AccountQuotaWindowView {
         group,
         label,
         source: _,
+        local_usage_attribution: _,
         window_seconds,
         used_percent,
         reset_at,
+        limit_reached,
         local_usage,
         provider_data: _,
     } = window;
@@ -1445,6 +1620,7 @@ fn quota_window_view(window: ProviderQuotaWindow) -> AccountQuotaWindowView {
         used_percent,
         used_percent_display: used_percent
             .map_or_else(|| "—".to_owned(), |value| format!("{value:.1}%")),
+        limit_reached,
         local_usage: local_usage.as_ref().map(quota_local_usage),
         reset_at_display: reset_at.map_or_else(|| "—".to_owned(), |value| china_datetime(&value)),
     }
@@ -1468,7 +1644,7 @@ fn quota_local_usage(usage: &AccountUsage) -> Value {
         "imageRequestCount": usage.image_request_count,
         "imageRequestFailedCount": usage.image_request_failed_count,
         "totalTokens": total_tokens,
-        "totalTokensDisplay": format_tokens(total_tokens),
+        "totalTokensDisplay": format_compact_number(total_tokens),
         "requestBuckets": usage.request_buckets.iter().map(|bucket| serde_json::json!({
             "bucketStart": bucket.bucket_start,
             "requestCount": bucket.request_count,
@@ -1580,7 +1756,7 @@ fn account_model_usage_view(usage: AccountModelUsage, now: DateTime<Utc>) -> Mod
         billing_amount_usd: usd.map(|cost| cost.amount.as_str().to_owned()),
         billing_amount_usd_display: usd.map_or_else(
             || "—".to_owned(),
-            |cost| format!("${}", cost.amount.as_str()),
+            |cost| format_decimal_currency(cost.amount.as_str(), "USD"),
         ),
         cost_estimate_status: cost_estimate_status.to_owned(),
         known_cost_count: known_count,
@@ -1601,7 +1777,7 @@ fn account_currency_cost_view(cost: &AccountCost) -> CurrencyCostView {
 }
 
 fn display_optional_tokens(value: Option<u64>) -> String {
-    value.map_or_else(|| "—".to_owned(), format_tokens)
+    value.map_or_else(|| "—".to_owned(), format_compact_number)
 }
 
 fn empty_account_usage() -> AccountUsageView {
@@ -1675,6 +1851,7 @@ fn require_text(
 fn validate_oauth_material(
     access_token: &str,
     refresh_token: Option<&str>,
+    id_token: Option<&str>,
 ) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
     if access_token.len() > MAX_ACCESS_TOKEN_BYTES
         || !valid_visible_ascii(access_token)
@@ -1689,6 +1866,13 @@ fn validate_oauth_material(
     }) {
         return Err(WireValidationError::new("refreshToken"));
     }
+    if id_token.is_some_and(|token| {
+        token.len() > MAX_ID_TOKEN_BYTES
+            || !valid_visible_ascii(token)
+            || !valid_compact_jwt_shape(token)
+    }) {
+        return Err(WireValidationError::new("idToken"));
+    }
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -1709,47 +1893,6 @@ fn provider_document_value(document: ProviderDocument) -> Value {
     Value::Object(document.into_provider_data().into_inner())
 }
 
-fn account_status_name(status: DomainAccountStatus) -> &'static str {
-    match status {
-        DomainAccountStatus::Active => "active",
-        DomainAccountStatus::Expired => "expired",
-        DomainAccountStatus::QuotaExhausted => "quota_exhausted",
-        DomainAccountStatus::Disabled => "disabled",
-        DomainAccountStatus::Banned => "banned",
-    }
-}
-
-fn format_number(value: u64) -> String {
-    let text = value.to_string();
-    let mut output = String::with_capacity(text.len() + text.len() / 3);
-    for (index, character) in text.chars().rev().enumerate() {
-        if index > 0 && index % 3 == 0 {
-            output.push(',');
-        }
-        output.push(character);
-    }
-    output.chars().rev().collect()
-}
-
-fn format_tokens(value: u64) -> String {
-    if value < 1_000 {
-        return format_number(value);
-    }
-    for (suffix, threshold) in [
-        ("P", 1_000_000_000_000_000_u64),
-        ("T", 1_000_000_000_000_u64),
-        ("B", 1_000_000_000_u64),
-        ("M", 1_000_000_u64),
-        ("K", 1_000_u64),
-    ] {
-        if value >= threshold {
-            let scaled = value as f64 / threshold as f64;
-            return format!("{scaled:.1}{suffix}").replace(".0", "");
-        }
-    }
-    format_number(value)
-}
-
 fn relative_time(value: DateTime<Utc>, now: DateTime<Utc>) -> String {
     let elapsed = now.signed_duration_since(value);
     if elapsed.num_seconds() < 0 {
@@ -1787,16 +1930,5 @@ fn map_wire_error(error: WireValidationError) -> AdminError {
 }
 
 fn map_service_error(error: AdminServiceError) -> AdminError {
-    match error.kind() {
-        AdminErrorKind::Invalid => AdminError::bad_request(error.to_string()),
-        AdminErrorKind::Unauthorized => AdminError::admin_session_required(),
-        AdminErrorKind::NotFound => AdminError::not_found(error.to_string()),
-        AdminErrorKind::Conflict => AdminError::conflict(error.to_string()),
-        AdminErrorKind::RateLimited => AdminError::too_many_login_attempts(),
-        AdminErrorKind::BadGateway => AdminError::bad_gateway(error.to_string()),
-        AdminErrorKind::Unavailable => {
-            AdminError::service_unavailable("Account directory unavailable")
-        }
-        AdminErrorKind::Internal => AdminError::internal(error.to_string()),
-    }
+    super::wire::map_admin_service_error(error, "Account directory unavailable")
 }

backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/backups.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+//! 备份设置、计划、手动创建、记录、下载与删除路由。
+//!
+//! 路径统一位于 `/api/admin/settings/backups/*`，内部由独立 `BackupService` 承担业务。
+
+use axum::{
+    Json, Router,
+    extract::{Query, State},
+    http::StatusCode,
+    response::IntoResponse,
+    routing::{get, post},
+};
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use gateway_admin::model::backup::{
+    BackupRecord, BackupSettings, BackupStatus, BackupTriggerKind, ConnectionTestResult,
+    UpdateBackupScheduleCommand, UpdateBackupStorageCommand,
+};
+use secrecy::{ExposeSecret as _, SecretString};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use super::{
+    AdminAuth, AdminEnvelope, AdminError, AdminPageData, AdminResponse, AdminSessionState,
+    PageMeta, wire::map_admin_service_error,
+};
+
+/// 备份设置视图；`secretAccessKey` 返回已保存的明文凭据，由前端掩码显示。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct BackupSettingsView {
+    pub storage_revision: u64,
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    pub region: Option<String>,
+    pub bucket: Option<String>,
+    pub access_key_id: Option<String>,
+    pub secret_access_key: Option<String>,
+    pub prefix: Option<String>,
+    pub force_path_style: bool,
+    pub verified: bool,
+    pub schedule_enabled: bool,
+    pub cron_expression: Option<String>,
+    pub schedule_timezone: Option<String>,
+    pub retention_days: u32,
+    pub retention_count: u32,
+    pub next_run_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub last_verified_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+impl From<BackupSettings> for BackupSettingsView {
+    fn from(settings: BackupSettings) -> Self {
+        let verified = settings.storage_verified();
+        Self {
+            storage_revision: settings.storage_revision,
+            endpoint: settings.endpoint,
+            region: settings.region,
+            bucket: settings.bucket,
+            access_key_id: settings.access_key_id,
+            secret_access_key: settings
+                .secret_access_key
+                .map(|secret| secret.expose_secret().to_owned()),
+            prefix: settings.prefix,
+            force_path_style: settings.force_path_style,
+            verified,
+            schedule_enabled: settings.schedule_enabled,
+            cron_expression: settings.cron_expression,
+            schedule_timezone: settings.schedule_timezone,
+            retention_days: settings.retention_days,
+            retention_count: settings.retention_count,
+            next_run_at: settings.next_run_at,
+            last_verified_at: settings.last_verified_at,
+            updated_at: settings.updated_at,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 更新 S3 存储配置请求；`secretAccessKey` 缺省表示保留旧值。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct UpdateBackupStorageRequest {
+    pub endpoint: String,
+    pub region: String,
+    pub bucket: String,
+    pub access_key_id: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub secret_access_key: Option<String>,
+    pub prefix: String,
+    pub force_path_style: bool,
+}
+
+/// 更新调度配置请求。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct UpdateBackupScheduleRequest {
+    pub schedule_enabled: bool,
+    pub cron_expression: String,
+    pub schedule_timezone: String,
+    pub retention_days: u32,
+    pub retention_count: u32,
+}
+
+/// 备份记录 wire 视图。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct BackupRecordView {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub trigger_kind: String,
+    pub status: String,
+    pub scheduled_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub object_key: String,
+    pub size_bytes: Option<u64>,
+    pub sha256: Option<String>,
+    pub attempt_count: u32,
+    pub error_code: Option<String>,
+    pub error_message: Option<String>,
+    pub started_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub completed_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+impl From<BackupRecord> for BackupRecordView {
+    fn from(record: BackupRecord) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: record.id,
+            trigger_kind: record.trigger_kind.to_string(),
+            status: record.status.to_string(),
+            scheduled_at: record.scheduled_at,
+            object_key: record.object_key,
+            size_bytes: record.size_bytes,
+            sha256: record.sha256,
+            attempt_count: record.attempt_count,
+            error_code: record.error_code,
+            error_message: record.error_message,
+            started_at: record.started_at,
+            completed_at: record.completed_at,
+            expires_at: record.expires_at,
+            created_at: record.created_at,
+            updated_at: record.updated_at,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 记录列表查询参数。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct BackupRecordsQuery {
+    pub page: Option<u32>,
+    pub page_size: Option<u16>,
+    pub status: Option<String>,
+    pub trigger: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// 下载地址请求。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct BackupIdRequest {
+    pub backup_id: String,
+}
+
+/// 下载地址响应。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DownloadUrlView {
+    pub url: String,
+    pub file_name: String,
+    pub expires_in_seconds: u64,
+}
+
+impl From<gateway_admin::model::backup::DownloadUrlResult> for DownloadUrlView {
+    fn from(result: gateway_admin::model::backup::DownloadUrlResult) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            url: result.url,
+            file_name: result.file_name,
+            expires_in_seconds: result.expires_in.as_secs(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 连接测试响应。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ConnectionTestView {
+    pub ok: bool,
+    pub stage: String,
+    pub code: Option<String>,
+    pub message: String,
+}
+
+impl From<ConnectionTestResult> for ConnectionTestView {
+    fn from(result: ConnectionTestResult) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            ok: result.ok,
+            stage: result.stage.to_owned(),
+            code: result.code.map(str::to_owned),
+            message: result.message,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 构造固定 GET/POST 备份路由。
+pub fn router<S>() -> Router<S>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    Router::new()
+        .route("/api/admin/settings/backups", get(backup_settings::<S>))
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/backups/storage/update",
+            post(update_backup_storage::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/backups/storage/test",
+            post(test_backup_storage::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/backups/schedule/update",
+            post(update_backup_schedule::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/backups/records",
+            get(backup_records::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/backups/create",
+            post(create_backup::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/backups/download-url",
+            post(download_backup_url::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/settings/backups/delete",
+            post(delete_backup::<S>),
+        )
+}
+
+async fn backup_settings<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let settings = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .load_settings()
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(BackupSettingsView::from(settings)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn update_backup_storage<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<UpdateBackupStorageRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let command = UpdateBackupStorageCommand {
+        endpoint: request.endpoint,
+        region: request.region,
+        bucket: request.bucket,
+        access_key_id: request.access_key_id,
+        secret_access_key: request.secret_access_key.map(SecretString::from),
+        prefix: request.prefix,
+        force_path_style: request.force_path_style,
+    };
+    let settings = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .update_storage(&auth.context().mutation_context(), command)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(BackupSettingsView::from(settings)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn test_backup_storage<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .test_connection(&auth.context().mutation_context())
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(ConnectionTestView::from(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn update_backup_schedule<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<UpdateBackupScheduleRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let command = UpdateBackupScheduleCommand {
+        schedule_enabled: request.schedule_enabled,
+        cron_expression: request.cron_expression,
+        schedule_timezone: request.schedule_timezone,
+        retention_days: request.retention_days,
+        retention_count: request.retention_count,
+    };
+    let settings = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .update_schedule(&auth.context().mutation_context(), command)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(BackupSettingsView::from(settings)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn backup_records<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<BackupRecordsQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let page_size = gateway_admin::model::PageSize::new(query.page_size.unwrap_or(20))
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::bad_request("Invalid pageSize"))?;
+    let page = query.page.unwrap_or(1);
+    if page == 0 {
+        return Err(AdminError::bad_request("Invalid page"));
+    }
+    let status = match query.status.as_deref() {
+        None => None,
+        Some(value) => BackupStatus::parse(value)
+            .map(Some)
+            .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::bad_request("Invalid status"))?,
+    };
+    let trigger = match query.trigger.as_deref() {
+        None => None,
+        Some(value) => BackupTriggerKind::parse(value)
+            .map(Some)
+            .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::bad_request("Invalid trigger"))?,
+    };
+    let domain_query = gateway_admin::model::backup::BackupRecordListQuery {
+        page,
+        page_size,
+        status,
+        trigger,
+    };
+    let page_result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .list_records(domain_query)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    let meta = PageMeta::new(
+        page_result.page,
+        u32::from(page_result.page_size.get()),
+        page_result.total,
+        page_result.total_pages(),
+    );
+    let items: Vec<BackupRecordView> = page_result
+        .items
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(BackupRecordView::from)
+        .collect();
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(AdminPageData::new(items, meta)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn create_backup<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    body: Option<Json<CreateBackupRequest>>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let expires_at = body
+        .and_then(|body| body.0.expires_in_days)
+        .filter(|&days| days > 0)
+        .map(|days| Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::days(i64::from(days)));
+    let record = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .create_backup(&auth.context().mutation_context(), expires_at)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::ACCEPTED,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(BackupRecordView::from(record)),
+    ))
+}
+
+/// 创建备份请求；`expiresInDays` 为 0 或缺省表示不设置过期时间。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct CreateBackupRequest {
+    pub expires_in_days: Option<u32>,
+}
+
+async fn download_backup_url<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<BackupIdRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .download_url(&auth.context().mutation_context(), &request.backup_id)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(DownloadUrlView::from(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+async fn delete_backup<S>(
+    auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Json(request): Json<BackupIdRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let record = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .backups()
+        .delete_backup(&auth.context().mutation_context(), &request.backup_id)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(BackupRecordView::from(record)),
+    ))
+}
+
+fn map_service_error(error: gateway_admin::model::AdminError) -> AdminError {
+    map_admin_service_error(error, "Backup service unavailable")
+}

backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/client_keys.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use gateway_admin::model::client_keys::{
 };
 use gateway_core::{
     policy::{ClientApiKeyId, RateLimits},
-    routing::ProviderKind,
+    routing::AccountGroupId,
 };
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ impl ClientKeySort {
 pub struct CreateClientKeyRequest {
     name: String,
     label: Option<String>,
-    provider_kind: String,
+    group_ids: Vec<String>,
     max_concurrency: u64,
     requests_per_minute: u64,
 }
@@ -147,14 +147,13 @@ impl CreateClientKeyRequest {
     pub fn into_command(self) -> Result<CreateClientKey, WireValidationError> {
         validate_required_text(&self.name, "name")?;
         validate_optional_text(self.label.as_deref(), "label")?;
-        validate_provider_kind(&self.provider_kind)?;
+        let group_ids = validate_group_ids(self.group_ids)?;
         validate_limit(self.max_concurrency, "maxConcurrency")?;
         validate_limit(self.requests_per_minute, "requestsPerMinute")?;
         Ok(CreateClientKey {
             name: self.name,
             label: self.label,
-            provider_kind: ProviderKind::new(self.provider_kind)
-                .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("providerKind"))?,
+            group_ids,
             limits: RateLimits {
                 max_concurrency: self.max_concurrency,
                 requests_per_minute: self.requests_per_minute,
@@ -170,7 +169,7 @@ pub struct UpdateClientKeyRequest {
     id: String,
     name: String,
     label: Option<String>,
-    provider_kind: String,
+    group_ids: Vec<String>,
     max_concurrency: u64,
     requests_per_minute: u64,
 }
@@ -181,15 +180,14 @@ impl UpdateClientKeyRequest {
         validate_required_text(&self.id, "id")?;
         validate_required_text(&self.name, "name")?;
         validate_optional_text(self.label.as_deref(), "label")?;
-        validate_provider_kind(&self.provider_kind)?;
+        let group_ids = validate_group_ids(self.group_ids)?;
         validate_limit(self.max_concurrency, "maxConcurrency")?;
         validate_limit(self.requests_per_minute, "requestsPerMinute")?;
         Ok(UpdateClientKey {
             id: client_key_id(self.id, "clientKeyMutationNotFound")?,
             name: self.name,
             label: self.label,
-            provider_kind: ProviderKind::new(self.provider_kind)
-                .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("providerKind"))?,
+            group_ids,
             limits: RateLimits {
                 max_concurrency: self.max_concurrency,
                 requests_per_minute: self.requests_per_minute,
@@ -242,7 +240,9 @@ pub struct ClientKeyView {
     id: String,
     name: String,
     label: Option<String>,
-    provider_kind: String,
+    routing_scope: &'static str,
+    groups: Vec<ClientKeyGroupView>,
+    provider_kinds: Vec<String>,
     prefix: String,
     enabled: bool,
     max_concurrency: u64,
@@ -252,13 +252,42 @@ pub struct ClientKeyView {
     last_used_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ClientKeyGroupView {
+    id: String,
+    name: String,
+    color: String,
+    enabled: bool,
+}
+
 impl From<ClientKeyRecord> for ClientKeyView {
     fn from(record: ClientKeyRecord) -> Self {
+        let routing_scope = if record.groups.is_empty() {
+            "all"
+        } else {
+            "groups"
+        };
         Self {
             id: record.id.to_string(),
             name: record.name,
             label: record.label,
-            provider_kind: record.provider_kind.to_string(),
+            routing_scope,
+            groups: record
+                .groups
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|group| ClientKeyGroupView {
+                    id: group.id.to_string(),
+                    name: group.name,
+                    color: group.color.as_str().to_owned(),
+                    enabled: group.enabled,
+                })
+                .collect(),
+            provider_kinds: record
+                .provider_kinds
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|provider| provider.to_string())
+                .collect(),
             prefix: record.prefix,
             enabled: record.enabled,
             max_concurrency: record.limits.max_concurrency,
@@ -572,21 +601,20 @@ fn validate_required_text(value: &str, field: &'static str) -> Result<(), WireVa
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn validate_provider_kind(value: &str) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
-    let valid = !value.is_empty()
-        && value.len() <= 64
-        && value.bytes().enumerate().all(|(index, byte)| {
-            byte.is_ascii_lowercase()
-                || byte.is_ascii_digit()
-                || (byte == b'-' && index > 0 && index + 1 < value.len())
-        })
-        && !value.starts_with('-')
-        && !value.ends_with('-');
-    if valid {
-        Ok(())
-    } else {
-        Err(WireValidationError::new("providerKind"))
+fn validate_group_ids(values: Vec<String>) -> Result<Vec<AccountGroupId>, WireValidationError> {
+    if values.len() > 1000
+        || values
+            .iter()
+            .collect::<std::collections::BTreeSet<_>>()
+            .len()
+            != values.len()
+    {
+        return Err(WireValidationError::new("groupIds"));
     }
+    values
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|value| AccountGroupId::new(value).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("groupIds")))
+        .collect()
 }
 
 fn validate_optional_text(

backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/mod.rs

@@ -7,10 +7,13 @@ use axum::{
     response::Response,
 };
 
+pub mod account_groups;
 pub mod accounts;
 pub mod auth;
+pub mod backups;
 pub mod client_keys;
 pub mod observability;
+pub mod presenter;
 pub mod settings;
 pub mod system;
 pub mod wire;
@@ -27,8 +30,10 @@ where
     S: AdminSessionState + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
     Router::new()
+        .merge(account_groups::router::<S>())
         .merge(accounts::router::<S>())
         .merge(auth::router::<S>())
+        .merge(backups::router::<S>())
         .merge(client_keys::router::<S>())
         .merge(observability::router::<S>())
         .merge(settings::router::<S>())

backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/observability/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//! Dashboard、用量与诊断查询的 wire 映射和固定路由。
+
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, num::NonZeroU32};
+
+use axum::{
+    Router,
+    extract::{Query, State},
+    http::StatusCode,
+    response::IntoResponse,
+    routing::get,
+};
+use base64::engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, Utc};
+use gateway_admin::model::{PageSize as DomainPageSize, observability as domain};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+use super::presenter::{format_compact_number, format_decimal_currency, format_number};
+use super::{
+    AdminAuth, AdminEnvelope, AdminError, AdminResponse, AdminSessionState, PageMeta,
+    WireValidationError, wire::map_admin_service_error,
+};
+
+mod presenter;
+mod query;
+mod routes;
+mod wire;
+
+pub(crate) use presenter::*;
+pub use query::*;
+pub use routes::*;
+pub use wire::*;

backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/observability/query.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+//! 查询 wire 类型、校验与领域命令映射。
+
+use super::*;
+
+use base64::Engine as _;
+
+/// 观测列表默认页大小。
+pub const DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE: u16 = 50;
+/// 观测列表允许的最大页大小。
+pub const MAX_PAGE_SIZE: u16 = 100;
+/// 游标编码在 HTTP 层解码前允许的最大长度。
+pub const MAX_CURSOR_BYTES: usize = 1024;
+
+/// Dashboard 查询参数。
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct DashboardQuery {
+    pub kind: Option<String>,
+    pub start_time: Option<String>,
+    pub end_time: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl DashboardQuery {
+    /// 解析 dashboard 趋势类型。
+    pub fn trend_kind(&self) -> Result<TrendKind, WireValidationError> {
+        TrendKind::parse(self.kind.as_deref())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 逻辑请求列表、汇总和洞察查询参数。
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct UsageQuery {
+    pub page: Option<u32>,
+    pub page_size: Option<u16>,
+    pub cursor: Option<String>,
+    pub kind: Option<String>,
+    pub outcome: Option<String>,
+    pub client_api_key_id: Option<String>,
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub account_id: Option<String>,
+    pub route: Option<String>,
+    pub model: Option<String>,
+    pub status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub transport: Option<String>,
+    pub attempt_index: Option<i64>,
+    pub response_id: Option<String>,
+    pub upstream_request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub search: Option<String>,
+    pub start_time: Option<String>,
+    pub end_time: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl UsageQuery {
+    /// 校验分页字段，不改变仓储层的分页 owner。
+    pub fn validate_page(&self) -> Result<(u32, u16), WireValidationError> {
+        let page = self.page.unwrap_or(1);
+        if page == 0 {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("page"));
+        }
+        let page_size = self.page_size.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE);
+        if page_size == 0 || page_size > MAX_PAGE_SIZE {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("pageSize"));
+        }
+        Ok((page, page_size))
+    }
+
+    /// 校验游标的 wire 边界；编码和排序语义由应用层负责。
+    pub fn validate_cursor(&self) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+        validate_cursor(self.cursor.as_deref())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 详情查询参数。
+#[derive(Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct DetailQuery {
+    pub id: String,
+}
+
+impl DetailQuery {
+    /// 校验详情 ID，错误不回显输入值。
+    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+        require_text(&self.id, "id")
+    }
+}
+
+/// 诊断聚合查询参数。
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct DiagnosticsQuery {
+    pub dimension: Option<String>,
+    pub start_time: Option<String>,
+    pub end_time: Option<String>,
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub model: Option<String>,
+    pub status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub search: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl DiagnosticsQuery {
+    /// 解析诊断维度。
+    pub fn dimension(&self) -> Result<DiagnosticDimension, WireValidationError> {
+        DiagnosticDimension::parse(self.dimension.as_deref())
+    }
+}
+
+/// 运维错误查询参数。
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct OpsQuery {
+    pub page: Option<u32>,
+    pub page_size: Option<u16>,
+    pub cursor: Option<String>,
+    pub kind: Option<String>,
+    pub client_api_key_id: Option<String>,
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub account_id: Option<String>,
+    pub route: Option<String>,
+    pub model: Option<String>,
+    pub status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub client_status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub upstream_status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub transport: Option<String>,
+    pub attempt_index: Option<i64>,
+    pub failure_class: Option<String>,
+    pub response_id: Option<String>,
+    pub upstream_request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub search: Option<String>,
+    pub start_time: Option<String>,
+    pub end_time: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl OpsQuery {
+    /// 校验分页字段。
+    pub fn validate_page(&self) -> Result<(u32, u16), WireValidationError> {
+        let page = self.page.unwrap_or(1);
+        if page == 0 {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("page"));
+        }
+        let page_size = self.page_size.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE);
+        if page_size == 0 || page_size > MAX_PAGE_SIZE {
+            return Err(WireValidationError::new("pageSize"));
+        }
+        Ok((page, page_size))
+    }
+
+    /// 校验游标的 wire 边界。
+    pub fn validate_cursor(&self) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+        validate_cursor(self.cursor.as_deref())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 趋势类型。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
+pub enum TrendKind {
+    Usage,
+    Latency,
+    Errors,
+}
+
+impl TrendKind {
+    /// 从 query 值解析趋势类型。
+    pub fn parse(value: Option<&str>) -> Result<Self, WireValidationError> {
+        match trimmed(value) {
+            None | Some("usage") => Ok(Self::Usage),
+            Some("latency") => Ok(Self::Latency),
+            Some("errors") => Ok(Self::Errors),
+            Some(_) => Err(WireValidationError::new("kind")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 诊断聚合维度。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum DiagnosticDimension {
+    Model,
+    Account,
+    ApiKey,
+    Provider,
+    Transport,
+    Failure,
+    Status,
+}
+
+impl DiagnosticDimension {
+    /// 从 query 值解析诊断维度。
+    pub fn parse(value: Option<&str>) -> Result<Self, WireValidationError> {
+        match trimmed(value) {
+            None | Some("model") => Ok(Self::Model),
+            Some("account") => Ok(Self::Account),
+            Some("apiKey" | "api_key") => Ok(Self::ApiKey),
+            Some("provider") => Ok(Self::Provider),
+            Some("transport") => Ok(Self::Transport),
+            Some("failureClass" | "failure_class") => Ok(Self::Failure),
+            Some("status") => Ok(Self::Status),
+            Some(_) => Err(WireValidationError::new("dimension")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 返回终态响应中的稳定维度名称。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn display_name(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Model => "model",
+            Self::Account => "account",
+            Self::ApiKey => "apiKey",
+            Self::Provider => "provider",
+            Self::Transport => "transport",
+            Self::Failure => "failureClass",
+            Self::Status => "status",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 解析 RFC3339 时间；错误不回显原始值。
+pub fn parse_datetime(value: Option<&str>) -> Result<Option<DateTime<Utc>>, WireValidationError> {
+    let Some(value) = trimmed(value) else {
+        return Ok(None);
+    };
+    DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(value)
+        .map(|value| Some(value.with_timezone(&Utc)))
+        .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("timeRange"))
+}
+
+/// 解析 HTTP 状态码。
+pub fn parse_status(value: Option<i64>) -> Result<Option<u16>, WireValidationError> {
+    value
+        .map(|value| {
+            u16::try_from(value)
+                .ok()
+                .filter(|value| (100..=599).contains(value))
+                .ok_or_else(|| WireValidationError::new("statusCode"))
+        })
+        .transpose()
+}
+
+/// 解析尝试序号。
+pub fn parse_attempt_index(value: Option<i64>) -> Result<Option<u32>, WireValidationError> {
+    value
+        .map(|value| {
+            u32::try_from(value)
+                .ok()
+                .filter(|value| *value > 0 && *value <= i32::MAX as u32)
+                .ok_or_else(|| WireValidationError::new("attemptIndex"))
+        })
+        .transpose()
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn require_text(value: &str, field: &'static str) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+    if value.trim().is_empty() {
+        Err(WireValidationError::new(field))
+    } else {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn validate_cursor(value: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), WireValidationError> {
+    if value.is_some_and(|value| value.is_empty() || value.len() > MAX_CURSOR_BYTES) {
+        return Err(WireValidationError::new("cursor"));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn trimmed(value: Option<&str>) -> Option<&str> {
+    value.map(str::trim).filter(|value| !value.is_empty())
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn domain_trend_kind(kind: TrendKind) -> domain::TrendKind {
+    match kind {
+        TrendKind::Usage => domain::TrendKind::Usage,
+        TrendKind::Latency => domain::TrendKind::Latency,
+        TrendKind::Errors => domain::TrendKind::Errors,
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn domain_diagnostic_dimension(
+    dimension: DiagnosticDimension,
+) -> domain::DiagnosticDimension {
+    match dimension {
+        DiagnosticDimension::Model => domain::DiagnosticDimension::Model,
+        DiagnosticDimension::Account => domain::DiagnosticDimension::Account,
+        DiagnosticDimension::ApiKey => domain::DiagnosticDimension::ApiKey,
+        DiagnosticDimension::Provider => domain::DiagnosticDimension::Provider,
+        DiagnosticDimension::Transport => domain::DiagnosticDimension::Transport,
+        DiagnosticDimension::Failure => domain::DiagnosticDimension::Failure,
+        DiagnosticDimension::Status => domain::DiagnosticDimension::Status,
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn request_outcome(
+    value: Option<String>,
+) -> Result<Option<domain::RequestOutcome>, WireValidationError> {
+    non_empty(value)
+        .map(|value| {
+            domain::RequestOutcome::new(value).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("outcome"))
+        })
+        .transpose()
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn usage_range(
+    start: Option<&str>,
+    end: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<domain::TimeRange, WireValidationError> {
+    let end = parse_datetime(end)?.unwrap_or_else(Utc::now);
+    let start = parse_datetime(start)?.unwrap_or(end - Duration::days(7));
+    domain::TimeRange::new(start, end).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("timeRange"))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn dashboard_today_range(
+    start: Option<&str>,
+    end: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<domain::TimeRange, WireValidationError> {
+    let end = parse_datetime(end)?.unwrap_or_else(Utc::now);
+    let start = parse_datetime(start)?.unwrap_or_else(|| domain::china_day_start(end));
+    domain::TimeRange::new(start, end).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("timeRange"))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn usage_filter(query: &UsageQuery) -> Result<domain::UsageFilter, WireValidationError> {
+    let outcome = query.outcome.clone().or_else(|| {
+        non_empty(query.kind.clone()).filter(|value| {
+            matches!(
+                value.as_str(),
+                "running" | "succeeded" | "failed" | "cancelled" | "incomplete"
+            )
+        })
+    });
+    Ok(domain::UsageFilter {
+        client_api_key_ref: non_empty(query.client_api_key_id.clone()),
+        request_id: non_empty(query.request_id.clone()),
+        provider_account_ref: non_empty(query.account_id.clone()),
+        operation: non_empty(query.route.clone()),
+        provider_kind: non_empty(query.provider.clone()),
+        model: non_empty(query.model.clone()),
+        outcome: request_outcome(outcome)?,
+        status_code: parse_status(query.status_code)?,
+        transport: non_empty(query.transport.clone()),
+        attempt_index: parse_attempt_index(query.attempt_index)?,
+        response_id: non_empty(query.response_id.clone()),
+        upstream_request_id: non_empty(query.upstream_request_id.clone()),
+        search: non_empty(query.search.clone()),
+    })
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn usage_command(
+    query: &UsageQuery,
+) -> Result<(domain::UsageQuery, u32, u16), WireValidationError> {
+    let (page, page_size) = query.validate_page()?;
+    query.validate_cursor()?;
+    let page_number = NonZeroU32::new(page)
+        .map(domain::PageNumber::new)
+        .ok_or_else(|| WireValidationError::new("page"))?;
+    let page_size_value =
+        DomainPageSize::new(page_size).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("pageSize"))?;
+    Ok((
+        domain::UsageQuery {
+            range: usage_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())?,
+            filter: usage_filter(query)?,
+            cursor: decode_observability_cursor(query.cursor.as_deref())?,
+            page: page_number,
+            page_size: page_size_value,
+        },
+        page,
+        page_size,
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn ops_command(
+    query: &OpsQuery,
+) -> Result<(domain::OpsErrorQuery, u32, u16), WireValidationError> {
+    let (page, page_size) = query.validate_page()?;
+    query.validate_cursor()?;
+    let page_number = NonZeroU32::new(page)
+        .map(domain::PageNumber::new)
+        .ok_or_else(|| WireValidationError::new("page"))?;
+    let page_size_value =
+        DomainPageSize::new(page_size).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("pageSize"))?;
+    let status_code = parse_status(
+        query
+            .upstream_status_code
+            .or(query.client_status_code)
+            .or(query.status_code),
+    )?;
+    Ok((
+        domain::OpsErrorQuery {
+            range: usage_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())?,
+            filter: domain::OpsErrorFilter {
+                client_api_key_ref: non_empty(query.client_api_key_id.clone()),
+                request_id: non_empty(query.request_id.clone()),
+                provider_kind: non_empty(query.provider.clone()),
+                provider_account_ref: non_empty(query.account_id.clone()),
+                operation: non_empty(query.route.clone()).or_else(|| non_empty(query.kind.clone())),
+                model: non_empty(query.model.clone()),
+                transport: non_empty(query.transport.clone()),
+                attempt_index: parse_attempt_index(query.attempt_index)?,
+                response_id: non_empty(query.response_id.clone()),
+                upstream_request_id: non_empty(query.upstream_request_id.clone()),
+                failure_kind: non_empty(query.failure_class.clone()),
+                status_code,
+                search: non_empty(query.search.clone()),
+            },
+            cursor: decode_observability_cursor(query.cursor.as_deref())?,
+            page: page_number,
+            page_size: page_size_value,
+        },
+        page,
+        page_size,
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn decode_observability_cursor(
+    value: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<Option<domain::ObservabilityCursor>, WireValidationError> {
+    value
+        .map(|encoded| {
+            if encoded.is_empty() || encoded.len() > MAX_CURSOR_BYTES {
+                return Err(WireValidationError::new("cursor"));
+            }
+            let bytes = URL_SAFE_NO_PAD
+                .decode(encoded)
+                .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("cursor"))?;
+            let wire: CursorWire =
+                serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("cursor"))?;
+            if wire.stable_id.trim().is_empty() {
+                return Err(WireValidationError::new("cursor"));
+            }
+            Ok(domain::ObservabilityCursor {
+                observed_at: wire.observed_at,
+                stable_id: wire.stable_id,
+            })
+        })
+        .transpose()
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn encode_observability_cursor(
+    cursor: &domain::ObservabilityCursor,
+) -> Result<String, WireValidationError> {
+    let bytes = serde_json::to_vec(&CursorWire {
+        observed_at: cursor.observed_at,
+        stable_id: cursor.stable_id.clone(),
+    })
+    .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("cursor"))?;
+    Ok(URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(bytes))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn non_empty(value: Option<String>) -> Option<String> {
+    value
+        .map(|value| value.trim().to_owned())
+        .filter(|value| !value.is_empty())
+}

backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/observability/routes.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+//! 固定 `/api/admin` 观测路由与 handler。
+
+use super::*;
+
+pub fn router<S>() -> Router<S>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    Router::new()
+        .route("/api/admin/dashboard/summary", get(dashboard_summary::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/dashboard/trend", get(dashboard_trend::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/usage/records", get(usage_records::<S>))
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/usage/records/detail",
+            get(usage_record_detail::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/usage/records/summary",
+            get(usage_records_summary::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/usage/insights/overview",
+            get(usage_insights_overview::<S>),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/api/admin/usage/insights/diagnostics",
+            get(usage_insights_diagnostics::<S>),
+        )
+        .route("/api/admin/operations/errors", get(ops_errors::<S>))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn dashboard_summary<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<DashboardQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let kind = query.trend_kind().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    // 概览默认按中国时区当日统计，与单独趋势接口保持同一口径。
+    let range = dashboard_today_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())
+        .map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .dashboard_summary(range, domain_trend_kind(kind))
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(dashboard_view(result, kind)),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn dashboard_trend<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<DashboardQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let kind = query.trend_kind().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let range = dashboard_today_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())
+        .map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .dashboard_trend(range, domain_trend_kind(kind))
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(trend_view(result, kind)),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn usage_records<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<UsageQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let (command, page, page_size) = usage_command(&query).map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .usage_records(command)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    let data = usage_page_view(result, page, page_size)
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Failed to encode observability cursor"))?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(StatusCode::OK, AdminEnvelope::ok(data)))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn usage_record_detail<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<DetailQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    query.validate().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .usage_record_detail(query.id.trim())
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(usage_detail_view(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn usage_records_summary<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<UsageQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let range = usage_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())
+        .map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let filter = usage_filter(&query).map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .usage_summary(range, filter)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(usage_summary_view(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn usage_insights_overview<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<UsageQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let range = usage_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())
+        .map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let filter = usage_filter(&query).map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .usage_insights(range, filter)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(usage_insights_view(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn usage_insights_diagnostics<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<DiagnosticsQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let dimension = query.dimension().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let range = usage_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())
+        .map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let filter = domain::UsageFilter {
+        provider_kind: non_empty(query.provider),
+        model: non_empty(query.model),
+        status_code: parse_status(query.status_code).map_err(map_wire_error)?,
+        search: non_empty(query.search),
+        ..domain::UsageFilter::default()
+    };
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .diagnostics(range, filter, domain_diagnostic_dimension(dimension))
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(diagnostics_view(result, dimension)),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn ops_errors<S>(
+    _auth: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    Query(query): Query<OpsQuery>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let (command, page, page_size) = ops_command(&query).map_err(map_wire_error)?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .observability()
+        .ops_errors(command)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_service_error)?;
+    let data = ops_page_view(result, page, page_size)
+        .map_err(|_| AdminError::internal("Failed to encode observability cursor"))?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(StatusCode::OK, AdminEnvelope::ok(data)))
+}

backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/observability/wire.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,712 @@
+//! 响应 DTO 与固定 wire 形状。
+
+use super::*;
+
+/// 观测列表游标的稳定 wire 形状。
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct CursorWire {
+    pub observed_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub stable_id: String,
+}
+
+/// 观测列表响应数据。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct PageData<T> {
+    pub items: Vec<T>,
+    pub page: PageMeta,
+    pub next_cursor: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Token 详情展示。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct TokenDetailsView {
+    pub input_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub output_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cached_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cache_write_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub reasoning_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub image_input_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub image_output_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub total_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub input_tokens_display: String,
+    pub output_tokens_display: String,
+    pub cached_tokens_display: String,
+    pub cache_write_tokens_display: String,
+    pub reasoning_tokens_display: String,
+    pub image_input_tokens_display: String,
+    pub image_output_tokens_display: String,
+    pub total_tokens_display: String,
+}
+
+/// 按货币展示的成本。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct CostView {
+    pub currency: String,
+    pub estimated_amount: String,
+}
+
+/// 成本覆盖状态计数。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct CostCoverageView {
+    pub known: u64,
+    pub partial: u64,
+    pub unknown: u64,
+    pub not_billable: u64,
+}
+
+/// Provider 受控价格规则生成的单次请求费用明细展示。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct BillingView {
+    pub input_amount_display: String,
+    pub output_amount_display: String,
+    pub cache_read_amount_display: String,
+    pub cache_write_amount_display: String,
+    pub standard_amount_display: String,
+    pub total_amount_display: String,
+    pub input_price_display: String,
+    pub output_price_display: String,
+    pub cache_read_price_display: String,
+    pub cache_write_price_display: String,
+    pub service_tier_display: String,
+    pub multiplier_display: String,
+}
+
+/// 单条逻辑请求展示。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct UsageRecordView {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub request_id: String,
+    pub client_api_key_id: Option<String>,
+    pub routing_scope: String,
+    pub routing_group_refs: Vec<String>,
+    pub routing_group_names_snapshot: Vec<String>,
+    pub kind: String,
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub authentication_kind: Option<String>,
+    pub account_id: Option<String>,
+    pub account_email: Option<String>,
+    pub account_name: Option<String>,
+    pub route: String,
+    pub model: String,
+    pub requested_model: Option<String>,
+    pub upstream_model: Option<String>,
+    pub service_tier: Option<String>,
+    pub status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub transport: Option<String>,
+    pub protocol: String,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub http_version: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub client_status_code: Option<i64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub upstream_status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub websocket_pool: Option<WebSocketPoolMetadataView>,
+    pub image_generation_requested: bool,
+    pub image_generation_succeeded: Option<bool>,
+    pub latency_details: UsageLatencyDetailsView,
+    pub attempt_index: Option<i64>,
+    pub attempt_count: u64,
+    pub response_id: Option<String>,
+    pub upstream_request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub latency_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub first_token_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub input_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub output_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cached_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cache_write_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub reasoning_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub image_input_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub image_output_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub message: String,
+    /// Provider 安全观测；Core 字段由顶层字段提供，不再复制进 metadata。
+    pub metadata: BTreeMap<String, Value>,
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub created_at_display: String,
+    pub client_ip: Option<String>,
+    pub user_agent: Option<String>,
+    pub reasoning_effort: Option<String>,
+    pub reasoning_preset: Option<String>,
+    pub compact: Option<bool>,
+    pub request_kind: Option<String>,
+    pub subagent_kind: Option<String>,
+    pub token_details: TokenDetailsView,
+    pub billing: Option<BillingView>,
+    pub costs: Vec<CostView>,
+    pub cost_coverage: CostCoverageView,
+    pub first_token_latency_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub first_token_latency_ms_display: String,
+    pub latency_ms_display: String,
+    pub logical_outcome: String,
+}
+
+/// WebSocket 池决策的稳定形状；与 Provider 选择逻辑无关。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct WebSocketPoolMetadataView {
+    pub kind: String,
+}
+
+/// 逻辑请求在上游和输出阶段测得的时延事实。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct UsageLatencyDetailsView {
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub transport_decision_wait_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub ws_connect_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub upstream_headers_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub first_event_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub first_reasoning_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub first_text_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub first_token_ms: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub openai_processing_ms: Option<u64>,
+}
+
+/// 单次上游尝试展示。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct UsageAttemptView {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub attempt_index: u32,
+    pub trigger: String,
+    pub provider: String,
+    pub model: String,
+    pub transport: String,
+    pub send_state: String,
+    pub outcome: String,
+    pub downstream_committed: bool,
+    pub status_code: Option<u16>,
+    pub provider_error_code: Option<String>,
+    pub failure_class: Option<String>,
+    pub cost_estimate_status: String,
+    pub estimated_cost_amount: Option<String>,
+    pub estimated_cost_currency: Option<String>,
+    pub input_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub output_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub cached_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub total_tokens: Option<u64>,
+    pub first_token_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub latency_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub credential_name: Option<String>,
+    pub account_id: Option<String>,
+    pub account_name: Option<String>,
+    pub account_email: Option<String>,
+    pub authentication_kind: Option<String>,
+    pub started_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub completed_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+}
+
+/// 逻辑请求详情与其尝试列表。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct UsageRecordDetailView {
+    #[serde(flatten)]
+    pub request: UsageRecordView,
+    pub attempts: Vec<UsageAttemptView>,
+    /// 尝试列表是否完整；best-effort 下恒为 false。
+    pub attempts_complete: bool,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 趋势数据。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct TrendData {
+    pub kind: TrendKind,
+    pub points: Vec<TrendPointView>,
+    pub summary: Vec<TrendSummaryView>,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 单个趋势桶。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct TrendPointView {
+    pub time: String,
+    pub bucket: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub label: String,
+    pub requests: String,
+    pub requests_value: u64,
+    pub input_tokens: String,
+    pub input_tokens_value: u64,
+    pub output_tokens: String,
+    pub output_tokens_value: u64,
+    pub cached_tokens: String,
+    pub cached_tokens_value: u64,
+    pub cache_hit_rate_value: f64,
+    pub tokens_value: u64,
+    pub errors: String,
+    pub errors_value: u64,
+    pub latency: String,
+    pub latency_value: Option<u64>,
+    pub max_latency: String,
+    pub max_latency_value: Option<u64>,
+    pub min_latency: String,
+    pub min_latency_value: Option<u64>,
+    pub success_rate: String,
+    pub success_rate_value: Option<f64>,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 趋势摘要。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct TrendSummaryView {
+    pub label: String,
+    pub value: String,
+    pub ratio: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 卡片集合。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardCardsView {
+    pub credentials: DashboardCredentialsCardView,
+    pub traffic: DashboardTrafficCardView,
+    pub tokens: DashboardTokensCardView,
+    pub cache: DashboardCacheCardView,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 上游凭据卡片。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardCredentialsCardView {
+    pub total: String,
+    pub total_value: u64,
+    pub available: String,
+    pub available_value: u64,
+    pub unavailable: String,
+    pub unavailable_value: u64,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 流量卡片。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardTrafficCardView {
+    pub today_requests: String,
+    pub today_requests_value: u64,
+    pub yesterday_requests_value: u64,
+    pub total_requests: String,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard token 卡片。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardTokensCardView {
+    pub today_tokens: String,
+    pub today_tokens_value: u64,
+    pub yesterday_tokens_value: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: String,
+    pub total_billing_amount_usd: String,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 缓存卡片。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardCacheCardView {
+    pub today_hit_rate: String,
+    pub today_hit_rate_value: Option<f64>,
+    pub yesterday_hit_rate_value: Option<f64>,
+    pub total_hit_rate: String,
+    pub total_cached_tokens: String,
+    pub average_first_token_latency_ms: String,
+}
+
+/// 旧 Dashboard 账号概览卡片所需的 Provider 安全投影。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardAccountUsageView {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub provider: String,
+    pub authentication_kind: String,
+    pub email: String,
+    pub plan_type: Option<String>,
+    pub tokens: String,
+    pub request_count: u64,
+    pub request_buckets: Vec<DashboardAccountRequestBucketView>,
+    pub quota_used_percent: Option<f64>,
+    pub last_used: String,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 账号单小时请求数。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardAccountRequestBucketView {
+    pub bucket_start: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub request_count: u64,
+}
+
+/// Provider 账号池的持久事实汇总。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardPoolSummaryView {
+    pub total: u64,
+    pub normal: u64,
+    pub quota_exhausted: u64,
+    pub rate_limited: u64,
+    pub disabled: u64,
+    pub error: u64,
+}
+
+/// 同 target 账号调度容量；Redis 未提供聚合事实时运行中槽位保持空值。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardCapacityInfoView {
+    pub max_concurrent_per_account: u64,
+    pub total_slots: u64,
+    pub used_slots: Option<u64>,
+    pub available_slots: Option<u64>,
+}
+
+/// 逻辑请求指标展示。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct RequestMetricsView {
+    pub request_count: u64,
+    pub success_count: u64,
+    pub failure_count: u64,
+    pub cancelled_count: u64,
+    pub incomplete_count: u64,
+    pub caller_error_count: u64,
+    pub input_tokens: u64,
+    pub output_tokens: u64,
+    pub cached_tokens: u64,
+    pub cache_write_tokens: u64,
+    pub reasoning_tokens: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: u64,
+}
+
+/// 上游尝试指标展示。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct AttemptMetricsView {
+    pub attempt_count: u64,
+    pub success_count: u64,
+    pub failure_count: u64,
+    pub cancelled_count: u64,
+    pub incomplete_count: u64,
+    pub rate_limited_count: u64,
+    pub auth_failure_count: u64,
+    pub provider5xx_count: u64,
+    pub cost_coverage: CostCoverageView,
+    pub costs: Vec<CostView>,
+}
+
+/// 健康时间线单点。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct HealthTimelinePointView {
+    pub time: String,
+    pub status: String,
+    pub reliability_display: String,
+    pub success_requests: u64,
+    pub failed_requests: u64,
+    pub cancelled_requests: u64,
+    pub incomplete_requests: u64,
+    pub caller_error_requests: u64,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 健康时间线。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct HealthTimelineView {
+    pub title: String,
+    pub description: String,
+    pub reliability_display: String,
+    pub status: String,
+    pub success_requests: u64,
+    pub failed_requests: u64,
+    pub cancelled_requests: u64,
+    pub incomplete_requests: u64,
+    pub caller_error_requests: u64,
+    pub points: Vec<HealthTimelinePointView>,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 展示的实际 Provider 上游请求身份。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardWireProfileView {
+    pub provider: String,
+    pub product: String,
+    pub version: String,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub build: Option<String>,
+    pub target: DashboardWireTargetView,
+    pub user_agent: String,
+    pub attributes: Vec<DashboardWireAttributeView>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub verified_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub release: Option<DashboardDesktopReleaseView>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardWireAttributeView {
+    pub label: String,
+    pub value: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardWireTargetView {
+    pub os_type: String,
+    pub os_version: String,
+    pub arch: String,
+    pub terminal: String,
+}
+
+/// 发布检查与启动画像分离；未检查时使用明确的 `unchecked` 状态。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardDesktopReleaseView {
+    pub status: DashboardDesktopReleaseStatusView,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub checked_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub latest_version: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub latest_build: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub error: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 发布检查的稳定 wire 状态。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum DashboardDesktopReleaseStatusView {
+    Unchecked,
+    Aligned,
+    ReviewRequired,
+    CheckFailed,
+}
+
+impl From<domain::DesktopReleaseStatus> for DashboardDesktopReleaseStatusView {
+    fn from(status: domain::DesktopReleaseStatus) -> Self {
+        match status {
+            domain::DesktopReleaseStatus::Unchecked => Self::Unchecked,
+            domain::DesktopReleaseStatus::Current => Self::Aligned,
+            domain::DesktopReleaseStatus::UpdateAvailable => Self::ReviewRequired,
+            domain::DesktopReleaseStatus::Failed => Self::CheckFailed,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Dashboard 汇总响应数据。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DashboardDataView {
+    pub cards: DashboardCardsView,
+    pub trend: TrendData,
+    pub health_timeline: HealthTimelineView,
+    pub wire_profiles: Vec<DashboardWireProfileView>,
+    pub account_usage: Vec<DashboardAccountUsageView>,
+    pub usage_records: Vec<UsageRecordView>,
+    pub pool_summary: DashboardPoolSummaryView,
+    pub capacity_info: DashboardCapacityInfoView,
+    pub rotation_strategy: String,
+}
+
+/// 用量汇总响应数据。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct UsageSummaryView {
+    pub total_requests: String,
+    pub input_tokens: String,
+    pub output_tokens: String,
+    pub cached_tokens: String,
+    pub cache_write_tokens: String,
+    pub total_tokens: String,
+    pub average_latency_ms: String,
+    pub logical_requests: RequestMetricsView,
+    pub attempts: AttemptMetricsView,
+}
+
+/// 洞察健康趋势点。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OverviewHealthPointView {
+    pub bucket: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub label: String,
+    pub success_requests: u64,
+    pub failed_requests: u64,
+    pub cancelled_requests: u64,
+    pub incomplete_requests: u64,
+    pub caller_error_requests: u64,
+    pub error_rate: f64,
+}
+
+/// 洞察健康摘要。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OverviewHealthView {
+    pub total_requests: u64,
+    pub success_requests: u64,
+    pub failed_requests: u64,
+    pub cancelled_requests: u64,
+    pub incomplete_requests: u64,
+    pub caller_error_requests: u64,
+    pub success_rate: f64,
+    pub request_change_rate: Option<f64>,
+    pub success_rate_change: Option<f64>,
+    pub points: Vec<OverviewHealthPointView>,
+}
+
+/// 洞察性能趋势点。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OverviewPerformancePointView {
+    pub bucket: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub label: String,
+    pub latency_p50_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub latency_p95_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub latency_p99_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub first_token_p50_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub first_token_p95_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub first_token_p99_ms: Option<f64>,
+}
+
+/// 洞察性能摘要。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OverviewPerformanceView {
+    pub latency_p50_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub latency_p95_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub latency_p99_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub first_token_p50_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub first_token_p95_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub first_token_p99_ms: Option<f64>,
+    pub latency_coverage: f64,
+    pub first_token_coverage: f64,
+    pub points: Vec<OverviewPerformancePointView>,
+}
+
+/// 洞察成本趋势点。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OverviewCostPointView {
+    pub bucket: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub label: String,
+    pub input_tokens: u64,
+    pub output_tokens: u64,
+    pub cached_tokens: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: u64,
+    pub estimated_cost: Option<String>,
+    pub standard_cost: Option<String>,
+    pub cached_token_rate: f64,
+    pub cache_hit_request_rate: Option<f64>,
+}
+
+/// 洞察成本摘要。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OverviewCostView {
+    pub estimated_cost: Option<String>,
+    pub standard_cost: Option<String>,
+    pub cost_per_request: Option<String>,
+    pub tokens_per_request: f64,
+    pub cached_token_rate: f64,
+    pub cache_hit_request_rate: Option<f64>,
+    pub input_tokens: u64,
+    pub output_tokens: u64,
+    pub cached_tokens: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: u64,
+    pub points: Vec<OverviewCostPointView>,
+    pub costs: Vec<CostView>,
+    pub coverage: CostCoverageView,
+}
+
+/// Provider 维度洞察摘要。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ProviderOverviewView {
+    pub provider: String,
+    pub request_count: u64,
+    pub attempt_count: u64,
+    pub failure_count: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: u64,
+}
+
+/// 用量洞察总响应。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct UsageInsightsOverviewView {
+    pub granularity: String,
+    pub health: OverviewHealthView,
+    pub performance: OverviewPerformanceView,
+    pub cost: OverviewCostView,
+    pub attempts: AttemptMetricsView,
+    pub providers: Vec<ProviderOverviewView>,
+}
+
+/// 诊断聚合项目。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DiagnosticItemView {
+    pub key: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub request_count: u64,
+    pub success_count: u64,
+    pub error_count: u64,
+    pub error_rate: f64,
+    pub request_share: f64,
+    pub average_latency_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub latency_p95_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub estimated_cost: Option<String>,
+    pub attempt_count: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: u64,
+}
+
+/// 诊断聚合响应。
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DiagnosticsView {
+    pub dimension: String,
+    pub items: Vec<DiagnosticItemView>,
+}
+
+/// 运维错误项目。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OpsErrorView {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub client_api_key_id: Option<String>,
+    pub kind: String,
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub authentication_kind: Option<String>,
+    pub account_id: Option<String>,
+    pub route: String,
+    pub model: Option<String>,
+    pub client_status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub upstream_status_code: Option<i64>,
+    pub transport: Option<String>,
+    pub attempt_index: Option<u32>,
+    pub failure_class: String,
+    pub response_id: Option<String>,
+    pub upstream_request_id: Option<String>,
+    pub latency_ms: Option<u64>,
+    pub message: String,
+    pub metadata: OpsErrorMetadataView,
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    pub created_at_display: String,
+}
+
+/// 运维错误安全元数据；只保留可查询的标识，不回显秘密材料。
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct OpsErrorMetadataView {
+    pub source: String,
+    pub component: String,
+    pub attempt_id: Option<String>,
+    pub account_label: Option<String>,
+}

backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/presenter.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//! Admin API 的展示层辅助：数值格式化。
+//!
+//! 按 docs/project-redundancy-boundary-audit.md BE-02 的目标，display 字段最终
+//! 迁移到前端；过渡期统一由本模块提供，避免 accounts/observability 各自维护。
+
+use gateway_core::accounting::Decimal;
+
+/// 千分位格式化。
+#[must_use]
+pub fn format_number(value: u64) -> String {
+    let text = value.to_string();
+    let mut output = String::with_capacity(text.len() + text.len() / 3);
+    for (index, character) in text.chars().rev().enumerate() {
+        if index > 0 && index % 3 == 0 {
+            output.push(',');
+        }
+        output.push(character);
+    }
+    output.chars().rev().collect()
+}
+
+/// 紧凑格式化：≥1000 时用 K/M/B/T/P 后缀，否则千分位。
+#[must_use]
+pub fn format_compact_number(value: u64) -> String {
+    if value < 1_000 {
+        return format_number(value);
+    }
+    for (suffix, threshold) in [
+        ("P", 1_000_000_000_000_000_u64),
+        ("T", 1_000_000_000_000_u64),
+        ("B", 1_000_000_000_u64),
+        ("M", 1_000_000_u64),
+        ("K", 1_000_u64),
+    ] {
+        if value >= threshold {
+            let scaled = value as f64 / threshold as f64;
+            return format!("{scaled:.1}{suffix}").replace(".0", "");
+        }
+    }
+    format_number(value)
+}
+
+/// 货币展示格式化。USD 常规金额保留两位，小于 1 美元时最多保留四位。
+#[must_use]
+pub fn format_decimal_currency(amount: &str, currency: &str) -> String {
+    if currency != "USD" {
+        return format!("{currency} {amount}");
+    }
+
+    const DECIMAL_SCALE: u128 = 10_000_000_000;
+    let scaled = amount.parse::<Decimal>().unwrap_or_default().scaled();
+    let precision = if scaled != 0 && scaled < DECIMAL_SCALE {
+        4_u32
+    } else {
+        2_u32
+    };
+    let rounding_unit = 10_u128.pow(10 - precision);
+    let rounded = (scaled + rounding_unit / 2) / rounding_unit;
+    let display_scale = 10_u128.pow(precision);
+    let whole = rounded / display_scale;
+    let fraction = rounded % display_scale;
+    let mut display = format!("{whole}.{fraction:0width$}", width = precision as usize);
+    while display.ends_with('0')
+        && display
+            .split_once('.')
+            .is_some_and(|(_, fraction)| fraction.len() > 2)
+    {
+        display.pop();
+    }
+    format!("${display}")
+}

backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/settings.rs

@@ -72,10 +72,7 @@ impl UpdateRuntimeSettingsRequest {
         if i64::try_from(self.request_interval_ms).is_err() {
             return Err(WireValidationError::new("requestIntervalMs"));
         }
-        if !matches!(
-            self.rotation_strategy.as_str(),
-            "smart" | "quota_reset_priority" | "round_robin" | "sticky"
-        ) {
+        if RotationStrategy::parse(&self.rotation_strategy).is_none() {
             return Err(WireValidationError::new("rotationStrategy"));
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -91,7 +88,7 @@ impl UpdateRuntimeSettingsRequest {
             max_concurrent_per_account: u32::try_from(self.max_concurrent_per_account)
                 .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("settingsMaxConcurrencyOverflow"))?,
             request_interval_ms: self.request_interval_ms,
-            rotation_strategy: parse_rotation_strategy(&self.rotation_strategy)
+            rotation_strategy: RotationStrategy::parse(&self.rotation_strategy)
                 .ok_or_else(|| WireValidationError::new("rotationStrategy"))?,
             usage_retention_days: u32::try_from(self.usage_retention_days)
                 .map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("settingsUsageRetentionOverflow"))?,
@@ -111,7 +108,7 @@ impl From<RuntimeSettings> for RuntimeSettingsView {
             refresh_concurrency: u64::from(settings.refresh_concurrency),
             max_concurrent_per_account: u64::from(settings.max_concurrent_per_account),
             request_interval_ms: settings.request_interval_ms,
-            rotation_strategy: rotation_strategy_name(settings.rotation_strategy).to_owned(),
+            rotation_strategy: settings.rotation_strategy.as_str().to_owned(),
             usage_retention_days: u64::from(settings.usage_retention_days),
             ops_event_retention_days: u64::from(settings.ops_event_retention_days),
             audit_retention_days: u64::from(settings.audit_retention_days),
@@ -319,25 +316,6 @@ fn wire_model_mappings(mappings: DomainModelMappings) -> ModelMappings {
         .collect()
 }
 
-fn parse_rotation_strategy(value: &str) -> Option<RotationStrategy> {
-    match value {
-        "smart" => Some(RotationStrategy::Smart),
-        "quota_reset_priority" => Some(RotationStrategy::QuotaResetPriority),
-        "round_robin" => Some(RotationStrategy::RoundRobin),
-        "sticky" => Some(RotationStrategy::Sticky),
-        _ => None,
-    }
-}
-
-const fn rotation_strategy_name(strategy: RotationStrategy) -> &'static str {
-    match strategy {
-        RotationStrategy::Smart => "smart",
-        RotationStrategy::QuotaResetPriority => "quota_reset_priority",
-        RotationStrategy::RoundRobin => "round_robin",
-        RotationStrategy::Sticky => "sticky",
-    }
-}
-
 fn valid_model_name(value: &str, max_len: usize) -> bool {
     !value.is_empty()
         && value.len() <= max_len

backend/crates/gateway-api/src/lib.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use axum::Router;
-use axum::http::{HeaderName, HeaderValue, Method, StatusCode};
+use axum::http::{HeaderName, HeaderValue, Method, Request, StatusCode};
 use axum::routing::get;
 use gateway_admin::AdminServices;
 use gateway_core::engine::execution::ExecutionService;
@@ -166,10 +166,32 @@ pub fn initialize(
             Duration::from_secs(seconds),
         ));
     }
+    // Trace 必须在 SetRequestId 内侧，span 才能捕获本服务生成的 request_id；
+    // 默认 DEBUG span 会被 info 日志过滤器丢弃，这里显式用 info_span。
+    let trace_layer = TraceLayer::new_for_http().make_span_with({
+        let request_id_header = request_id_header.clone();
+        move |request: &Request<_>| {
+            let request_id = request
+                .headers()
+                .get(&request_id_header)
+                .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+            tracing::info_span!(
+                "request",
+                request_id = %request_id,
+                method = %request.method().as_str(),
+                uri = %request
+                    .uri()
+                    .path_and_query()
+                    .map(axum::http::uri::PathAndQuery::as_str)
+                    .unwrap_or_default(),
+            )
+        }
+    });
     let router = router
         .layer(PropagateRequestIdLayer::new(request_id_header.clone()))
+        .layer(trace_layer)
         .layer(SetRequestIdLayer::new(request_id_header, MakeRequestUuid))
-        .layer(TraceLayer::new_for_http())
         .with_state(state);
     Ok(ApiBundle { router })
 }

backend/crates/gateway-api/src/openai/error.rs

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ use axum::{
     response::{IntoResponse, Response},
 };
 use gateway_core::{
-    engine::{EngineError, UpstreamSendState},
-    error::{GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind, ProviderErrorKind},
+    engine::EngineError,
+    error::{GatewayError, GatewayErrorKind},
 };
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 
@@ -72,19 +72,6 @@ pub fn model_not_found_response() -> (StatusCode, Json<Value>) {
 #[must_use]
 pub fn gateway_error_from_engine(error: &EngineError) -> GatewayError {
     match error {
-        EngineError::Provider(error)
-            if error.kind() == ProviderErrorKind::Unavailable
-                && error.send_state() == UpstreamSendState::NotSent =>
-        {
-            let gateway = GatewayError::new(
-                GatewayErrorKind::NoAvailableProvider,
-                "no upstream provider is currently available for this request",
-            );
-            match error.client_visible_upstream_error() {
-                Some(upstream) => gateway.with_client_visible_upstream_error(upstream.clone()),
-                None => gateway,
-            }
-        }
         EngineError::Provider(error) => GatewayError::from_provider(error),
         EngineError::Cancelled => {
             GatewayError::new(GatewayErrorKind::Cancelled, "request was cancelled")
@@ -102,6 +89,7 @@ pub fn gateway_error_from_engine(error: &EngineError) -> GatewayError {
         | EngineError::ProviderMetadataMismatch
         | EngineError::ContinuationPinMismatch
         | EngineError::RequiredAccountMismatch
+        | EngineError::AccountOutsideClientScope
         | EngineError::DownstreamCommitRequired
         | EngineError::NoActiveAttempt
         | EngineError::InvalidDeliveryState => {
@@ -185,6 +173,16 @@ pub const fn gateway_error_contract(
             "server_error",
             "no_available_provider",
         ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::AccountCapacityUnavailable => (
+            StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            "server_error",
+            "account_capacity_unavailable",
+        ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable => (
+            StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            "server_error",
+            "provider_infrastructure_unavailable",
+        ),
         GatewayErrorKind::RateLimited => (
             StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS,
             "rate_limit_error",

backend/crates/gateway-api/src/openai/responses/request.rs

@@ -470,6 +470,15 @@ fn passthrough_header_name(name: &str, connection_headers: &[String]) -> bool {
             | "x-openai-project"
             // installation ID 始终由当前 lease 重建。
             | "x-codex-installation-id"
+            // 上游指纹必须由运行时画像统一生成，客户端 originator/User-Agent
+            // 不能透传覆盖，避免不同下游客户端暴露不一致的设备指纹。
+            | "originator"
+            | "user-agent"
+            // 设备 attestation/integrity 头只能由官方客户端或网关自身生成，
+            // 客户端注入的 x-oai-attestation / X-OAI-IS 不得透传上游。
+            | "x-oai-attestation"
+            | "x-oai-is"
+            | "x-oai-is-update"
     )
 }
 

backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/admin/account_groups.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+use axum::{
+    Router,
+    body::{Body, to_bytes},
+    http::{Method, Request, StatusCode, header},
+};
+use gateway_api::admin::account_groups;
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+use super::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState, PRIMARY_GROUP_ID};
+
+const SESSION_COOKIE: &str = "cpr_admin_session=valid-session";
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn list_route_should_keep_camel_case_group_and_page_wire() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    let response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::GET,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups?page=1&pageSize=1&search=alpha&enabled=true",
+        None,
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let value = response_json(response).await;
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["page"]["page"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["page"]["pageSize"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["page"]["total"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["page"]["totalPages"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["configRevision"], 7);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["id"], PRIMARY_GROUP_ID);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["memberCount"], 2);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["providerCounts"]["openai"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["clientKeyCount"], 2);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["accountSummary"]["available"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["accountSummary"]["limited"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["accountSummary"]["total"], 2);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["capacity"]["usedSlots"], 0);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["capacity"]["totalSlots"], 1);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["usage"]["todayUsd"], "1.25");
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["items"][0]["usage"]["totalUsd"], "5.5");
+    assert!(value["data"]["items"][0].get("member_count").is_none());
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn create_route_should_create_an_empty_group() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    let response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/create",
+        Some(json!({
+            "name": "Gamma routing",
+            "description": "New traffic pool",
+            "color": "#a855f780"
+        })),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
+    let value = response_json(response).await;
+    assert!(
+        value["data"]["id"]
+            .as_str()
+            .is_some_and(|id| id.starts_with("grp_") && id.len() == 36)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["record"]["name"], "Gamma routing");
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["record"]["memberCount"], 0);
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["record"]["color"], "#A855F780");
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["configRevision"], 8);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn update_route_should_replace_group_fields() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    let response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/update",
+        Some(json!({
+            "id": PRIMARY_GROUP_ID,
+            "name": "Renamed routing",
+            "description": null,
+            "color": "#F43F5ECC"
+        })),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let value = response_json(response).await;
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["record"]["name"], "Renamed routing");
+    assert!(value["data"]["record"]["description"].is_null());
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["record"]["color"], "#F43F5ECC");
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn enable_and_disable_routes_should_set_explicit_group_state() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    let disabled = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/disable",
+        Some(json!({ "id": PRIMARY_GROUP_ID })),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+    let enabled = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/enable",
+        Some(json!({ "id": PRIMARY_GROUP_ID })),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(disabled.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    assert!(
+        !response_json(disabled).await["data"]["record"]["enabled"]
+            .as_bool()
+            .expect("disabled flag")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(enabled.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    assert!(
+        response_json(enabled).await["data"]["record"]["enabled"]
+            .as_bool()
+            .expect("enabled flag")
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn delete_route_should_return_deleted_id_without_a_live_record() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    let response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/delete",
+        Some(json!({ "id": PRIMARY_GROUP_ID })),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let value = response_json(response).await;
+    assert_eq!(value["data"]["id"], PRIMARY_GROUP_ID);
+    assert!(value["data"]["record"].is_null());
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn list_route_should_reject_unknown_and_invalid_pagination_fields() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    for uri in [
+        "/api/admin/account-groups?other=true",
+        "/api/admin/account-groups?page=0",
+        "/api/admin/account-groups?pageSize=0",
+        "/api/admin/account-groups?pageSize=201",
+    ] {
+        let response = request(router(&fixture), Method::GET, uri, None, true).await;
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "{uri}");
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn mutation_route_should_reject_unknown_json_fields() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    let response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/create",
+        Some(json!({
+            "name": "Unknown field",
+            "description": null,
+            "color": "#2563EBFF",
+            "providerKind": "openai"
+        })),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn create_route_should_reject_six_digit_color_without_alpha() {
+    let fixture = authenticated_fixture().await;
+    let response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/create",
+        Some(json!({
+            "name": "Opaque legacy color",
+            "description": null,
+            "color": "#2563EB"
+        })),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn account_group_routes_should_require_admin_authentication() {
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    let get_response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::GET,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups",
+        None,
+        false,
+    )
+    .await;
+    let post_response = request(
+        router(&fixture),
+        Method::POST,
+        "/api/admin/account-groups/create",
+        Some(json!({ "name": "Unauthorized", "description": null, "color": "#2563EBFF" })),
+        false,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    assert_eq!(get_response.status(), StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
+    assert_eq!(post_response.status(), StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
+}
+
+async fn authenticated_fixture() -> AdminTestFixture {
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    fixture
+}
+
+fn router(fixture: &AdminTestFixture) -> Router {
+    account_groups::router::<AdminTestState>().with_state(fixture.state())
+}
+
+async fn request(
+    router: Router,
+    method: Method,
+    uri: &str,
+    body: Option<Value>,
+    authenticated: bool,
+) -> axum::response::Response {
+    let mut builder = Request::builder()
+        .method(method)
+        .uri(uri)
+        .header("x-request-id", "req_account_groups");
+    if authenticated {
+        builder = builder.header(header::COOKIE, SESSION_COOKIE);
+    }
+    let body = match body {
+        Some(value) => {
+            builder = builder.header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json");
+            Body::from(serde_json::to_vec(&value).expect("serialize request body"))
+        }
+        None => Body::empty(),
+    };
+    router
+        .oneshot(builder.body(body).expect("account group request"))
+        .await
+        .expect("account group response")
+}
+
+async fn response_json(response: axum::response::Response) -> Value {
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), 64 * 1024)
+        .await
+        .expect("account group response body");
+    serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("account group response JSON")
+}

backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/admin/accounts.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ mod query {
             "pageSize": 20,
             "provider": "xai",
             "search": "  operator  ",
-            "status": "active",
+            "status": "normal",
             "sortBy": "lastUsedAt",
             "sortDirection": "desc"
         }))
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ mod query {
             Some(ref provider) if provider.as_str() == "xai"
         ));
         assert_eq!(query.search.as_deref(), Some("operator"));
-        assert_eq!(query.status, Some(AccountStatus::Active));
+        assert_eq!(query.status, Some(AccountStatus::Normal));
         assert_eq!(
             query.sort.expect("sort").field,
             AccountSortField::LastUsedAt
@@ -34,6 +34,19 @@ mod query {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn account_query_should_parse_rate_limited_status() {
+        let query: ListQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "status": "rate_limited"
+        }))
+        .expect("deserialize account query");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            query.validate().expect("validate account query").status,
+            Some(AccountStatus::RateLimited)
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn account_query_should_reject_unbounded_page_size() {
         let query: ListQuery =
@@ -57,8 +70,138 @@ mod query {
     }
 }
 
+mod batch_update {
+    use gateway_api::admin::accounts::{BatchUpdateAccountsRequest, UpdateAccountRequest};
+    use serde_json::json;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn batch_update_should_accept_complete_atomic_payload() {
+        let request: BatchUpdateAccountsRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "accountIds": ["acct_openai", "acct_xai"],
+            "enabled": false,
+            "concurrencyLimit": null,
+            "weight": 1,
+            "groupIds": ["grp_00000000000000000000000000000001"]
+        }))
+        .expect("deserialize batch update");
+
+        request.validate().expect("validate batch update");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn batch_update_should_reject_duplicate_or_invalid_account_ids() {
+        for account_ids in [
+            json!(["acct_same", "acct_same"]),
+            json!(["not-an-account"]),
+            json!([]),
+        ] {
+            let request: BatchUpdateAccountsRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+                "accountIds": account_ids,
+                "enabled": true,
+                "concurrencyLimit": 8,
+                "weight": 100,
+                "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .expect("deserialize invalid batch update");
+            assert_eq!(
+                request.validate().expect_err("reject account IDs").field(),
+                "accountIds"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn batch_update_should_require_enabled_and_reject_unknown_fields() {
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<BatchUpdateAccountsRequest>(json!({
+            "accountIds": ["acct_test"],
+            "concurrencyLimit": null,
+            "weight": 1,
+            "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<BatchUpdateAccountsRequest>(json!({
+                "accountIds": ["acct_test"],
+                "enabled": true,
+                "concurrencyLimit": null,
+                "weight": 1,
+                "groupIds": [],
+                "legacy": true
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn batch_update_should_reject_invalid_scheduling_bounds_and_missing_fields() {
+        for (concurrency_limit, weight, field) in [
+            (json!(0), json!(1), "concurrencyLimit"),
+            (json!(4294967296_u64), json!(1), "concurrencyLimit"),
+            (json!(null), json!(0), "weight"),
+            (json!(null), json!(101), "weight"),
+        ] {
+            let request: BatchUpdateAccountsRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+                "accountIds": ["acct_test"],
+                "enabled": true,
+                "concurrencyLimit": concurrency_limit,
+                "weight": weight,
+                "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .expect("deserialize invalid scheduling");
+            assert_eq!(
+                request.validate().expect_err("reject scheduling").field(),
+                field
+            );
+        }
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<BatchUpdateAccountsRequest>(json!({
+                "accountIds": ["acct_test"],
+                "enabled": true,
+                "weight": 1,
+                "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<BatchUpdateAccountsRequest>(json!({
+                "accountIds": ["acct_test"],
+                "enabled": true,
+                "concurrencyLimit": null,
+                "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn single_update_should_require_the_same_complete_scheduling_contract() {
+        let request: UpdateAccountRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "accountId": "acct_test",
+            "enabled": true,
+            "concurrencyLimit": 4294967295_u64,
+            "weight": 100,
+            "groupIds": []
+        }))
+        .expect("deserialize single update");
+        request.validate().expect("validate single update");
+
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<UpdateAccountRequest>(json!({
+                "accountId": "acct_test",
+                "enabled": true,
+                "weight": 1,
+                "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+}
+
 mod response {
     use gateway_api::admin::accounts::AccountUsageView;
+    use gateway_api::admin::presenter::format_decimal_currency;
 
     #[test]
     fn account_usage_view_should_keep_unobserved_numbers_null() {
@@ -99,12 +242,22 @@ mod response {
         assert!(value["totalTokens"].is_null());
         assert_eq!(value["createdTokensDisplay"], "-");
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn account_usage_currency_should_limit_usd_to_four_fraction_digits() {
+        assert_eq!(format_decimal_currency("0.1204956", "USD"), "$0.1205");
+        assert_eq!(format_decimal_currency("0.99996", "USD"), "$1.00");
+        assert_eq!(format_decimal_currency("0.0300", "USD"), "$0.03");
+        assert_eq!(format_decimal_currency("12.3456", "USD"), "$12.35");
+        assert_eq!(format_decimal_currency("0.1204956", "CNY"), "CNY 0.1204956");
+    }
 }
 
 mod actions {
+    use base64::Engine as _;
     use gateway_admin::model::{
         Revision,
-        accounts::{AccountConnectionTestEvent as DomainConnectionTestEvent, AccountStatus},
+        accounts::AccountConnectionTestEvent as DomainConnectionTestEvent,
         provider_credentials::{
             CredentialDeletionResult, CredentialImportResult, CredentialMutationResult,
         },
@@ -113,7 +266,8 @@ mod actions {
         AccountActionRequest, AccountConnectionTestEvent, AccountDeletionData,
         AccountDeletionRequest, AccountExportData, AccountExportQuery, AccountIdQuery,
         AccountImportData, AccountImportRequest, AccountMutationData, AccountRefreshRequest,
-        AccountTestQuery, RotateAccountRequest, StartAccountAuthorizationRequest,
+        AccountTestQuery, CompleteAccountAuthorizationRequest, RotateAccountRequest,
+        StartAccountAuthorizationRequest,
     };
     use gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId;
     use serde_json::json;
@@ -194,7 +348,8 @@ mod actions {
             "provider": "openai",
             "accountId": "acct_1",
             "accessToken": "header.payload.signature",
-            "refreshToken": "refresh-token"
+            "refreshToken": "refresh-token",
+            "idToken": "id-header.id-payload.id-signature"
         }))
         .expect("decode rotation");
         assert!(rotation.validate().is_ok());
@@ -256,6 +411,35 @@ mod actions {
             }))
             .is_err()
         );
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<AccountImportRequest>(json!({
+                "provider": "openai",
+                "data": {},
+                "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn oauth_complete_should_not_accept_group_assignment() {
+        let flow_id = base64::engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode([7_u8; 32]);
+        let request: CompleteAccountAuthorizationRequest = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+            "provider": "openai",
+            "flowId": flow_id,
+            "callbackUrl": "http://localhost/callback?code=ok"
+        }))
+        .expect("decode OAuth completion");
+        assert!(request.validate().is_ok());
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_value::<CompleteAccountAuthorizationRequest>(json!({
+                "provider": "xai",
+                "flowId": "flow_test",
+                "callbackUrl": "http://localhost/callback?code=ok",
+                "groupIds": []
+            }))
+            .is_err()
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -292,7 +476,7 @@ mod actions {
 
     #[test]
     fn account_import_response_should_emit_account_ids() {
-        let response = AccountImportData::from(CredentialImportResult {
+        let response = AccountImportData::from_result(CredentialImportResult {
             config_revision: Revision::new(8).expect("revision"),
             credential_ids: vec![ProviderAccountId::new("acct_imported").expect("account ID")],
         });
@@ -330,9 +514,7 @@ mod actions {
             DomainConnectionTestEvent::Content {
                 text: "OK".to_owned(),
             },
-            DomainConnectionTestEvent::Completed {
-                account_status: AccountStatus::Active,
-            },
+            DomainConnectionTestEvent::Completed {},
             DomainConnectionTestEvent::Failed {
                 message: "upstream unavailable".to_owned(),
                 provider_error_code: Some("usage_exhausted".to_owned()),
@@ -340,7 +522,6 @@ mod actions {
                 upstream_status: Some(429),
                 upstream_content_type: Some("application/json".to_owned()),
                 upstream_body: Some(r#"{"error":{"type":"usage_limit_reached"}}"#.to_owned()),
-                account_status: AccountStatus::QuotaExhausted,
             },
         ]
         .map(|event| AccountConnectionTestEvent::from(event).data);
@@ -365,7 +546,7 @@ mod actions {
                     }
                 }),
                 json!({ "type": "content", "text": "OK" }),
-                json!({ "type": "test_complete", "success": true, "accountStatus": "active" }),
+                json!({ "type": "test_complete", "success": true }),
                 json!({
                     "type": "error",
                     "error": "upstream unavailable",
@@ -373,8 +554,7 @@ mod actions {
                     "providerErrorType": "invalid_request_error",
                     "upstreamStatus": 429,
                     "upstreamContentType": "application/json",
-                    "upstreamBody": r#"{"error":{"type":"usage_limit_reached"}}"#,
-                    "accountStatus": "quota_exhausted"
+                    "upstreamBody": r#"{"error":{"type":"usage_limit_reached"}}"#
                 }),
             ]
         );

backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/admin/client_keys.rs

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ fn client_key_mutations_should_validate_text_limits_and_unknown_fields() {
     let valid = serde_json::from_value::<CreateClientKeyRequest>(json!({
         "name": "terminal key",
         "label": "production",
-        "providerKind": "openai",
+        "groupIds": [],
         "maxConcurrency": 2,
         "requestsPerMinute": 60
     }))
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ fn client_key_mutations_should_validate_text_limits_and_unknown_fields() {
         (
             json!({
                 "name": " ",
-                "providerKind": "openai",
+                "groupIds": [],
                 "maxConcurrency": 0,
                 "requestsPerMinute": 0
             }),
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ fn client_key_mutations_should_validate_text_limits_and_unknown_fields() {
         (
             json!({
                 "name": "key",
-                "providerKind": "openai",
+                "groupIds": [],
                 "maxConcurrency": u64::MAX,
                 "requestsPerMinute": 0
             }),
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ fn client_key_mutations_should_validate_text_limits_and_unknown_fields() {
             "id": "key_1",
             "expectedConfigRevision": 1,
             "name": "key",
-            "providerKind": "openai",
+            "groupIds": [],
             "maxConcurrency": 0,
             "requestsPerMinute": 0,
             "tokensPerMinute": 0
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ fn client_key_mutations_should_validate_text_limits_and_unknown_fields() {
         serde_json::from_value::<CreateClientKeyRequest>(json!({
             "expectedConfigRevision": 7,
             "name": "terminal key",
-            "providerKind": "openai",
+            "groupIds": [],
             "maxConcurrency": 2,
             "requestsPerMinute": 60
         }))
@@ -210,7 +210,10 @@ fn client_key_responses_should_keep_shape_and_redact_creation_debug() {
         id: gateway_core::policy::ClientApiKeyId::new("key_visible").expect("Client Key ID"),
         name: "visible".to_owned(),
         label: None,
-        provider_kind: gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("Provider kind"),
+        groups: Vec::new(),
+        provider_kinds: vec![
+            gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("Provider kind"),
+        ],
         prefix: "sk_visible12".to_owned(),
         enabled: true,
         limits: gateway_core::policy::RateLimits {
@@ -226,7 +229,11 @@ fn client_key_responses_should_keep_shape_and_redact_creation_debug() {
     assert!(list.get("configRevision").is_none());
     assert_eq!(list["total"], 1);
     assert_eq!(list["items"][0]["id"], "key_visible");
-    assert_eq!(list["items"][0]["providerKind"], "openai");
+    assert_eq!(
+        list["items"][0]["providerKinds"],
+        serde_json::json!(["openai"])
+    );
+    assert_eq!(list["items"][0]["routingScope"], "all");
     assert_eq!(list["items"][0]["maxConcurrency"], 2);
     assert_eq!(list["items"][0]["requestsPerMinute"], 60);
     assert!(list["items"][0].get("tokensPerMinute").is_none());

backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/admin/mod.rs

@@ -7,15 +7,22 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, Utc};
 use futures::future::BoxFuture;
 use gateway_admin::{
     AdminConfig, AdminServices, InitialAdminPassword,
     model::{
         MutationContext, Revision,
+        account_groups::{
+            AccountGroupAccountSummary, AccountGroupCapacity, AccountGroupColor,
+            AccountGroupListQuery, AccountGroupMutation, AccountGroupPage, AccountGroupRecord,
+            AccountGroupUsage, DeleteAccountGroup, NewAccountGroup, SetAccountGroupEnabled,
+            UpdateAccountGroup,
+        },
         accounts::{
-            AccountListQuery, AccountPage, AccountRecord, AccountUsage, AccountUsageWindowQuery,
-            AccountUsageWindowResult, DeleteAccounts, SetAccountEnabled,
+            AccountListQuery, AccountPage, AccountPageItem, AccountUpdateResult, AccountUsage,
+            AccountUsageWindowQuery, AccountUsageWindowResult, AccountsUpdateResult,
+            BatchUpdateAccounts, DeleteAccounts, UpdateAccount,
         },
         auth::{AdminAuditEvent, AdminSession},
         client_keys::{
@@ -23,9 +30,9 @@ use gateway_admin::{
             NewClientKey, SetClientKeyEnabled, UpdateClientKey,
         },
         observability::{
-            DashboardObservation, DiagnosticDimension, DiagnosticObservation, OpsErrorPage,
-            OpsErrorQuery, RequestMetricPoint, TimeRange, UsageDetail, UsageFilter, UsageOverview,
-            UsagePage, UsageQuery, UsageRecord,
+            DashboardObservation, DecimalAmount, DiagnosticDimension, DiagnosticObservation,
+            OpsError, OpsErrorPage, OpsErrorQuery, RequestMetricPoint, TimeRange, UsageDetail,
+            UsageFilter, UsageOverview, UsagePage, UsageQuery, UsageRecord,
         },
         provider_credentials::{
             AuthorizationCommit, AuthorizationStarted, CompleteAuthorization, CredentialDetails,
@@ -45,8 +52,8 @@ use gateway_admin::{
     ports::{
         provider::{ProviderAdmin, ProviderAdminError, ProviderAdminErrorKind},
         store::{
-            AccountStore, AdminStoreError, AdminStoreErrorKind, AdminStorePorts, AdminStoreResult,
-            AuthStore, ClientKeyStore, ObservabilityStore, SettingsStore,
+            AccountGroupStore, AccountStore, AdminStoreError, AdminStoreErrorKind, AdminStorePorts,
+            AdminStoreResult, AuthStore, ClientKeyStore, ObservabilityStore, SettingsStore,
         },
         system::{
             SystemOperationError, SystemOperationErrorKind, SystemOperations,
@@ -66,6 +73,7 @@ use gateway_core::{
     },
 };
 
+mod account_groups;
 mod accounts;
 mod auth;
 mod client_keys;
@@ -79,6 +87,11 @@ pub(super) struct AdminTestFixture {
     pub auth: Arc<MemoryAuthStore>,
     pub settings: Arc<MemorySettingsStore>,
     pub usage_records: Arc<Mutex<Vec<UsageRecord>>>,
+    pub usage_detail: Arc<Mutex<Option<UsageDetail>>>,
+    pub diagnostics: Arc<Mutex<Vec<DiagnosticObservation>>>,
+    pub ops_errors: Arc<Mutex<Vec<OpsError>>>,
+    pub dashboard_observation: Arc<Mutex<Option<DashboardObservation>>>,
+    pub dashboard_summary_range: Arc<Mutex<Option<TimeRange>>>,
 }
 
 impl AdminTestFixture {
@@ -91,16 +104,29 @@ impl AdminTestFixture {
         let auth = Arc::new(MemoryAuthStore::new(api_key.clone()));
         let settings = Arc::new(MemorySettingsStore::new(api_key));
         let client_keys = Arc::new(MemoryClientKeyStore);
+        let account_groups = Arc::new(MemoryAccountGroupStore::new());
         let usage_records = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+        let usage_detail = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
+        let diagnostics = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+        let ops_errors = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+        let dashboard_observation = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
+        let dashboard_summary_range = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
         let unused = Arc::new(UnusedStore {
             usage_records: Arc::clone(&usage_records),
+            usage_detail: Arc::clone(&usage_detail),
+            diagnostics: Arc::clone(&diagnostics),
+            ops_errors: Arc::clone(&ops_errors),
+            dashboard_observation: Arc::clone(&dashboard_observation),
+            dashboard_summary_range: Arc::clone(&dashboard_summary_range),
         });
         let stores = AdminStorePorts::new(
             unused.clone(),
+            account_groups.clone(),
             auth.clone(),
             client_keys.clone(),
             unused,
             settings.clone(),
+            gateway_admin::ports::backup::BackupStorePorts::disabled(),
         );
         let providers: Vec<Arc<dyn ProviderAdmin>> = vec![
             Arc::new(UnusedProvider::new("openai")),
@@ -125,6 +151,11 @@ impl AdminTestFixture {
             auth,
             settings,
             usage_records,
+            usage_detail,
+            diagnostics,
+            ops_errors,
+            dashboard_observation,
+            dashboard_summary_range,
         }
     }
 
@@ -324,6 +355,204 @@ impl SettingsStore for MemorySettingsStore {
 
 pub(super) struct MemoryClientKeyStore;
 
+pub(super) const PRIMARY_GROUP_ID: &str = "grp_11111111111111111111111111111111";
+pub(super) const SECONDARY_GROUP_ID: &str = "grp_22222222222222222222222222222222";
+
+struct MemoryAccountGroupState {
+    revision: Revision,
+    groups: BTreeMap<gateway_core::routing::AccountGroupId, AccountGroupRecord>,
+}
+
+pub(super) struct MemoryAccountGroupStore {
+    state: Mutex<MemoryAccountGroupState>,
+}
+
+impl MemoryAccountGroupStore {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        let primary_id = group_id(PRIMARY_GROUP_ID);
+        let secondary_id = group_id(SECONDARY_GROUP_ID);
+        let groups = BTreeMap::from([
+            (
+                primary_id.clone(),
+                AccountGroupRecord {
+                    id: primary_id,
+                    name: "Alpha routing".to_owned(),
+                    description: Some("Primary traffic".to_owned()),
+                    color: group_color("#2563ebff"),
+                    enabled: true,
+                    member_count: 2,
+                    provider_counts: BTreeMap::from([
+                        ("openai".to_owned(), 1),
+                        ("xai".to_owned(), 1),
+                    ]),
+                    client_key_count: 2,
+                    account_summary: account_summary(1, 1, 2),
+                    capacity: capacity(Some(0), 1),
+                    usage: usage("1.25", "5.5"),
+                    created_at: now,
+                    updated_at: now,
+                },
+            ),
+            (
+                secondary_id.clone(),
+                AccountGroupRecord {
+                    id: secondary_id,
+                    name: "Beta routing".to_owned(),
+                    description: None,
+                    color: group_color("#64748B80"),
+                    enabled: false,
+                    member_count: 0,
+                    provider_counts: BTreeMap::new(),
+                    client_key_count: 0,
+                    account_summary: account_summary(0, 0, 0),
+                    capacity: capacity(Some(0), 0),
+                    usage: usage("0", "0"),
+                    created_at: now,
+                    updated_at: now,
+                },
+            ),
+        ]);
+        Self {
+            state: Mutex::new(MemoryAccountGroupState {
+                revision: Revision::new(7).expect("revision"),
+                groups,
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AccountGroupStore for MemoryAccountGroupStore {
+    async fn list_account_groups(
+        &self,
+        query: AccountGroupListQuery,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupPage> {
+        let state = self.state.lock().expect("account groups");
+        let search = query.search.as_ref().map(|value| value.to_lowercase());
+        let mut matching = state
+            .groups
+            .values()
+            .filter(|record| {
+                query
+                    .enabled
+                    .is_none_or(|enabled| record.enabled == enabled)
+            })
+            .filter(|record| {
+                search.as_ref().is_none_or(|search| {
+                    record.name.to_lowercase().contains(search)
+                        || record
+                            .description
+                            .as_ref()
+                            .is_some_and(|description| description.to_lowercase().contains(search))
+                })
+            })
+            .cloned()
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        matching.sort_by(|left, right| left.name.cmp(&right.name));
+        let total = matching.len() as u64;
+        let page_size = usize::from(query.page_size.get());
+        let offset = usize::try_from(query.page.saturating_sub(1))
+            .unwrap_or(usize::MAX)
+            .saturating_mul(page_size);
+        let items = matching.into_iter().skip(offset).take(page_size).collect();
+        Ok(AccountGroupPage {
+            config_revision: state.revision,
+            items,
+            total,
+            page: query.page,
+            page_size: query.page_size.get(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn create_account_group(
+        &self,
+        command: NewAccountGroup,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation> {
+        let mut state = self.state.lock().expect("account groups");
+        let now = Utc::now();
+        let record = AccountGroupRecord {
+            id: command.id.clone(),
+            name: command.name,
+            description: command.description,
+            color: command.color,
+            enabled: true,
+            member_count: 0,
+            provider_counts: BTreeMap::new(),
+            client_key_count: 0,
+            account_summary: account_summary(0, 0, 0),
+            capacity: capacity(Some(0), 0),
+            usage: usage("0", "0"),
+            created_at: now,
+            updated_at: now,
+        };
+        state.groups.insert(command.id.clone(), record);
+        mutation(&mut state, command.id, true)
+    }
+
+    async fn update_account_group(
+        &self,
+        command: UpdateAccountGroup,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation> {
+        let mut state = self.state.lock().expect("account groups");
+        let record = state
+            .groups
+            .get_mut(&command.id)
+            .ok_or_else(|| not_found("account group"))?;
+        record.name = command.name;
+        record.description = command.description;
+        record.color = command.color;
+        record.updated_at = Utc::now();
+        mutation(&mut state, command.id, true)
+    }
+
+    async fn set_account_group_enabled(
+        &self,
+        command: SetAccountGroupEnabled,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation> {
+        let mut state = self.state.lock().expect("account groups");
+        let record = state
+            .groups
+            .get_mut(&command.id)
+            .ok_or_else(|| not_found("account group"))?;
+        record.enabled = command.enabled;
+        record.updated_at = Utc::now();
+        mutation(&mut state, command.id, true)
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_account_group(
+        &self,
+        command: DeleteAccountGroup,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation> {
+        let mut state = self.state.lock().expect("account groups");
+        if state.groups.remove(&command.id).is_none() {
+            return Err(not_found("account group"));
+        }
+        mutation(&mut state, command.id, false)
+    }
+}
+
+fn group_id(value: &str) -> gateway_core::routing::AccountGroupId {
+    gateway_core::routing::AccountGroupId::new(value).expect("account group ID")
+}
+
+fn mutation(
+    state: &mut MemoryAccountGroupState,
+    id: gateway_core::routing::AccountGroupId,
+    include_record: bool,
+) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountGroupMutation> {
+    state.revision = next_revision(state.revision);
+    Ok(AccountGroupMutation {
+        config_revision: state.revision,
+        record: include_record.then(|| state.groups.get(&id).expect("group record").clone()),
+        id,
+    })
+}
+
 #[async_trait]
 impl ClientKeyStore for MemoryClientKeyStore {
     async fn list_client_keys(&self, _: ClientKeyListQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<ClientKeyPage> {
@@ -345,7 +574,8 @@ impl ClientKeyStore for MemoryClientKeyStore {
                 id: id.clone(),
                 name: "revealed".to_owned(),
                 label: None,
-                provider_kind: ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider kind"),
+                groups: Vec::new(),
+                provider_kinds: vec![ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider kind")],
                 prefix: "sk_aaaaaaaaa".to_owned(),
                 enabled: true,
                 limits: RateLimits::unlimited(),
@@ -392,6 +622,11 @@ impl ClientKeyStore for MemoryClientKeyStore {
 
 struct UnusedStore {
     usage_records: Arc<Mutex<Vec<UsageRecord>>>,
+    usage_detail: Arc<Mutex<Option<UsageDetail>>>,
+    diagnostics: Arc<Mutex<Vec<DiagnosticObservation>>>,
+    ops_errors: Arc<Mutex<Vec<OpsError>>>,
+    dashboard_observation: Arc<Mutex<Option<DashboardObservation>>>,
+    dashboard_summary_range: Arc<Mutex<Option<TimeRange>>>,
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
@@ -400,7 +635,7 @@ impl AccountStore for UnusedStore {
         Err(unavailable("account list"))
     }
 
-    async fn load_account(&self, _: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AccountRecord>> {
+    async fn load_account(&self, _: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<Option<AccountPageItem>> {
         Err(unavailable("account"))
     }
 
@@ -475,14 +710,30 @@ impl AccountStore for UnusedStore {
         Err(unavailable("credential refresh"))
     }
 
-    async fn set_account_enabled(
+    async fn update_account(
         &self,
-        _: SetAccountEnabled,
+        _: UpdateAccount,
         _: &MutationContext,
-    ) -> AdminStoreResult<Revision> {
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountUpdateResult> {
         Err(unavailable("account enabled"))
     }
 
+    async fn recover_account(
+        &self,
+        _: &ProviderAccountId,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountUpdateResult> {
+        Err(unavailable("account recovery"))
+    }
+
+    async fn batch_update_accounts(
+        &self,
+        _: BatchUpdateAccounts,
+        _: &MutationContext,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<AccountsUpdateResult> {
+        Err(unavailable("account batch update"))
+    }
+
     async fn delete_accounts(
         &self,
         _: DeleteAccounts,
@@ -502,8 +753,20 @@ impl AccountStore for UnusedStore {
 
 #[async_trait]
 impl ObservabilityStore for UnusedStore {
-    async fn dashboard_summary(&self, _: TimeRange) -> AdminStoreResult<DashboardObservation> {
-        Err(unavailable("dashboard"))
+    async fn dashboard_summary(
+        &self,
+        range: TimeRange,
+        _: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> AdminStoreResult<DashboardObservation> {
+        *self
+            .dashboard_summary_range
+            .lock()
+            .expect("dashboard summary range") = Some(range);
+        self.dashboard_observation
+            .lock()
+            .expect("dashboard observation")
+            .clone()
+            .ok_or_else(|| unavailable("dashboard"))
     }
 
     async fn dashboard_trend(&self, _: TimeRange) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<RequestMetricPoint>> {
@@ -537,7 +800,11 @@ impl ObservabilityStore for UnusedStore {
     }
 
     async fn usage_record_detail(&self, _: &str) -> AdminStoreResult<UsageDetail> {
-        Err(unavailable("usage detail"))
+        self.usage_detail
+            .lock()
+            .expect("usage detail")
+            .clone()
+            .ok_or_else(|| unavailable("usage detail"))
     }
 
     async fn usage_summary(&self, _: TimeRange, _: UsageFilter) -> AdminStoreResult<UsageOverview> {
@@ -550,11 +817,16 @@ impl ObservabilityStore for UnusedStore {
         _: UsageFilter,
         _: DiagnosticDimension,
     ) -> AdminStoreResult<Vec<DiagnosticObservation>> {
-        Err(unavailable("usage diagnostics"))
+        Ok(self.diagnostics.lock().expect("diagnostics").clone())
     }
 
     async fn list_ops_errors(&self, _: OpsErrorQuery) -> AdminStoreResult<OpsErrorPage> {
-        Err(unavailable("ops errors"))
+        let items = self.ops_errors.lock().expect("ops errors").clone();
+        Ok(OpsErrorPage {
+            total: items.len() as u64,
+            items,
+            next_cursor: None,
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -745,6 +1017,32 @@ fn next_revision(revision: Revision) -> Revision {
     Revision::new(revision.get().saturating_add(1)).expect("next revision")
 }
 
+fn account_summary(available: u64, limited: u64, total: u64) -> AccountGroupAccountSummary {
+    AccountGroupAccountSummary {
+        available,
+        limited,
+        total,
+    }
+}
+
+fn group_color(value: &str) -> AccountGroupColor {
+    AccountGroupColor::parse(value).expect("group color")
+}
+
+fn capacity(used_slots: Option<u64>, total_slots: u64) -> AccountGroupCapacity {
+    AccountGroupCapacity {
+        used_slots,
+        total_slots,
+    }
+}
+
+fn usage(today_usd: &str, total_usd: &str) -> AccountGroupUsage {
+    AccountGroupUsage {
+        today_usd: today_usd.parse::<DecimalAmount>().expect("today cost"),
+        total_usd: total_usd.parse::<DecimalAmount>().expect("total cost"),
+    }
+}
+
 fn unavailable(resource: &'static str) -> AdminStoreError {
     AdminStoreError::new(
         AdminStoreErrorKind::Unavailable,
@@ -753,6 +1051,10 @@ fn unavailable(resource: &'static str) -> AdminStoreError {
     )
 }
 
+fn not_found(resource: &'static str) -> AdminStoreError {
+    AdminStoreError::new(AdminStoreErrorKind::NotFound, resource, "not found")
+}
+
 fn unsupported_provider() -> ProviderAdminError {
     ProviderAdminError::new(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unsupported)
 }

backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/admin/observability.rs

@@ -1,496 +0,0 @@
-mod query {
-    use gateway_api::admin::observability::{
-        DashboardQuery, DiagnosticDimension, DiagnosticsQuery, OpsQuery, TrendKind, UsageQuery,
-        parse_attempt_index, parse_datetime, parse_status,
-    };
-    use serde_json::json;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn dashboard_query_should_parse_terminal_trend_kinds() {
-        let query: DashboardQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({"kind": "errors"})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(query.trend_kind().unwrap(), TrendKind::Errors);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn dashboard_query_should_reject_unknown_trend_kind() {
-        let query: DashboardQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({"kind": "secret"})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(query.trend_kind().unwrap_err().field(), "kind");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn usage_query_should_bound_page_size_and_cursor() {
-        let query: UsageQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({
-            "page": 2,
-            "pageSize": 100,
-            "cursor": "opaque"
-        }))
-        .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(query.validate_page().unwrap(), (2, 100));
-        assert!(query.validate_cursor().is_ok());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn usage_query_should_reject_zero_page() {
-        let query: UsageQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({"page": 0})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(query.validate_page().unwrap_err().field(), "page");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn ops_query_should_reject_page_size_above_terminal_limit() {
-        let query: OpsQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({"pageSize": 101})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(query.validate_page().unwrap_err().field(), "pageSize");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn diagnostics_query_should_keep_wire_dimension_name() {
-        let query: DiagnosticsQuery =
-            serde_json::from_value(json!({"dimension": "failure_class"})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(query.dimension().unwrap(), DiagnosticDimension::Failure);
-        assert_eq!(DiagnosticDimension::Failure.display_name(), "failureClass");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn scalar_query_parsers_should_reject_out_of_range_values_without_echoing_input() {
-        assert_eq!(parse_status(Some(99)).unwrap_err().field(), "statusCode");
-        assert_eq!(
-            parse_attempt_index(Some(0)).unwrap_err().field(),
-            "attemptIndex"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            parse_datetime(Some("not-a-time")).unwrap_err().field(),
-            "timeRange"
-        );
-    }
-}
-
-mod response {
-    use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};
-    use gateway_admin::model::observability::DesktopReleaseStatus;
-    use gateway_api::admin::observability::{
-        BillingView, CostCoverageView, CursorWire, DashboardAccountRequestBucketView,
-        DashboardAccountUsageView, DashboardDesktopReleaseStatusView, DashboardWireAttributeView,
-        DashboardWireProfileView, DashboardWireTargetView, PageData, PageMeta, TokenDetailsView,
-        TrendData, TrendKind, TrendPointView, TrendSummaryView,
-    };
-    use serde_json::json;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn usage_page_should_keep_terminal_camel_case_shape() {
-        let data = PageData {
-            items: vec![json!({"id": "request_1"})],
-            page: PageMeta::new(1, 50, 1, 1),
-            next_cursor: Some("cursor".to_owned()),
-        };
-        let value = serde_json::to_value(data).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(value["page"]["pageSize"], 50);
-        assert_eq!(value["nextCursor"], "cursor");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn dashboard_wire_profiles_should_keep_provider_specific_attributes() {
-        let value = serde_json::to_value(DashboardWireProfileView {
-            provider: "xai".to_owned(),
-            product: "Grok Build".to_owned(),
-            version: "0.2.106".to_owned(),
-            build: None,
-            target: DashboardWireTargetView {
-                os_type: "linux".to_owned(),
-                os_version: "—".to_owned(),
-                arch: "x86_64".to_owned(),
-                terminal: "headless".to_owned(),
-            },
-            user_agent: "grok-shell/0.2.106 (linux; x86_64)".to_owned(),
-            attributes: vec![DashboardWireAttributeView {
-                label: "客户端标识".to_owned(),
-                value: "grok-shell".to_owned(),
-            }],
-            verified_at: None,
-            release: None,
-        })
-        .expect("dashboard profile");
-
-        assert_eq!(value["provider"], "xai");
-        assert_eq!(value["version"], "0.2.106");
-        assert_eq!(value["attributes"][0]["label"], "客户端标识");
-        assert!(value.get("release").is_none());
-        assert!(value.get("verifiedAt").is_none());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn dashboard_account_usage_should_keep_daily_request_timeline() {
-        let bucket_start = Utc.timestamp_opt(0, 0).single().unwrap();
-        let value = serde_json::to_value(DashboardAccountUsageView {
-            id: "account_1".to_owned(),
-            provider: "xai".to_owned(),
-            authentication_kind: "oauth".to_owned(),
-            email: "account@example.com".to_owned(),
-            plan_type: Some("free".to_owned()),
-            tokens: "—".to_owned(),
-            request_count: 3,
-            request_buckets: vec![DashboardAccountRequestBucketView {
-                bucket_start,
-                request_count: 3,
-            }],
-            quota_used_percent: None,
-            last_used: "刚刚".to_owned(),
-        })
-        .expect("dashboard account usage");
-
-        assert_eq!(value["requestCount"], 3);
-        assert_eq!(
-            value["requestBuckets"][0]["bucketStart"],
-            "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(value["requestBuckets"][0]["requestCount"], 3);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn trend_wire_should_serialize_kind_and_values_without_store_types() {
-        let now = Utc.timestamp_opt(0, 0).single().unwrap();
-        let data = TrendData {
-            kind: TrendKind::Usage,
-            points: vec![TrendPointView {
-                time: "08:00".to_owned(),
-                bucket: now,
-                label: "01-01 08:00".to_owned(),
-                requests: "1".to_owned(),
-                requests_value: 1,
-                input_tokens: "2".to_owned(),
-                input_tokens_value: 2,
-                output_tokens: "3".to_owned(),
-                output_tokens_value: 3,
-                cached_tokens: "0".to_owned(),
-                cached_tokens_value: 0,
-                cache_hit_rate_value: 0.0,
-                tokens_value: 5,
-                errors: "0".to_owned(),
-                errors_value: 0,
-                latency: "1 ms".to_owned(),
-                latency_value: Some(1),
-                first_token_latency: "1 ms".to_owned(),
-                first_token_latency_value: Some(1),
-                max_latency: "1 ms".to_owned(),
-                max_latency_value: Some(1),
-                min_latency: "1 ms".to_owned(),
-                min_latency_value: Some(1),
-                success_rate: "100.0%".to_owned(),
-                success_rate_value: Some(100.0),
-            }],
-            summary: vec![TrendSummaryView {
-                label: "输入".to_owned(),
-                value: "2".to_owned(),
-                ratio: None,
-            }],
-        };
-        let value = serde_json::to_value(data).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(value["kind"], "usage");
-        assert_eq!(value["points"][0]["requestsValue"], 1);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn sensitive_response_views_do_not_require_debug_or_add_secret_fields() {
-        let coverage = CostCoverageView {
-            known: 1,
-            partial: 0,
-            unknown: 0,
-            not_billable: 0,
-        };
-        let token_details = TokenDetailsView {
-            input_tokens: Some(1),
-            output_tokens: Some(2),
-            cached_tokens: None,
-            cache_write_tokens: None,
-            reasoning_tokens: None,
-            image_input_tokens: None,
-            image_output_tokens: None,
-            total_tokens: Some(3),
-            input_tokens_display: "1".to_owned(),
-            output_tokens_display: "2".to_owned(),
-            cached_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
-            cache_write_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
-            reasoning_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
-            image_input_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
-            image_output_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
-            total_tokens_display: "3".to_owned(),
-        };
-        let cursor = CursorWire {
-            observed_at: Utc.timestamp_opt(0, 0).single().unwrap(),
-            stable_id: "request_1".to_owned(),
-        };
-        let value = serde_json::to_value((&coverage, &token_details, &cursor)).unwrap();
-        assert!(value.to_string().contains("known"));
-        assert!(!value.to_string().contains("secret"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn billing_view_should_preserve_the_original_detail_contract() {
-        let value = serde_json::to_value(BillingView {
-            input_amount_display: "$0.03".to_owned(),
-            output_amount_display: "$0.00".to_owned(),
-            cache_read_amount_display: "$0.14".to_owned(),
-            cache_write_amount_display: "$0.00".to_owned(),
-            standard_amount_display: "$0.17".to_owned(),
-            total_amount_display: "$0.17".to_owned(),
-            input_price_display: "$10.0000 / 1M Token".to_owned(),
-            output_price_display: "$60.0000 / 1M Token".to_owned(),
-            cache_read_price_display: "$1.0000 / 1M Token".to_owned(),
-            cache_write_price_display: "$12.5000 / 1M Token".to_owned(),
-            service_tier_display: "Fast".to_owned(),
-            multiplier_display: "1.00x".to_owned(),
-        })
-        .expect("billing view");
-
-        assert_eq!(value["inputAmountDisplay"], "$0.03");
-        assert_eq!(value["cacheReadPriceDisplay"], "$1.0000 / 1M Token");
-        assert_eq!(value["serviceTierDisplay"], "Fast");
-        assert_eq!(value["multiplierDisplay"], "1.00x");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn desktop_release_status_should_preserve_the_existing_dashboard_wire_values() {
-        for (domain, expected) in [
-            (DesktopReleaseStatus::Unchecked, "unchecked"),
-            (DesktopReleaseStatus::Current, "aligned"),
-            (DesktopReleaseStatus::UpdateAvailable, "review_required"),
-            (DesktopReleaseStatus::Failed, "check_failed"),
-        ] {
-            let status = DashboardDesktopReleaseStatusView::from(domain);
-            assert_eq!(serde_json::to_value(status).unwrap(), expected);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn usage_route_should_forward_a_bounded_unknown_outcome_filter() {
-    use axum::{
-        body::Body,
-        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
-    };
-    use gateway_api::admin::observability;
-    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
-
-    use super::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState};
-
-    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
-    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
-    let response = observability::router::<AdminTestState>()
-        .with_state(fixture.state())
-        .oneshot(
-            Request::builder()
-                .uri("/api/admin/usage/records?outcome=provider_future_state")
-                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
-                .header("x-request-id", "req_usage_other_outcome")
-                .body(Body::empty())
-                .expect("usage request"),
-        )
-        .await
-        .expect("usage response");
-
-    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn usage_route_should_expose_image_and_websocket_facts() {
-    use std::str::FromStr as _;
-
-    use axum::{
-        body::{Body, to_bytes},
-        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
-    };
-    use chrono::Utc;
-    use gateway_admin::model::observability::{
-        CalculatedBillingBreakdown, CurrencyCost, DecimalAmount, RequestOutcome, UsageBilling,
-        UsageRecord,
-    };
-    use gateway_api::admin::observability;
-    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
-
-    use super::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState};
-
-    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
-    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
-    let usd = |amount: &str| CurrencyCost {
-        currency: "USD".to_owned(),
-        amount: DecimalAmount::from_str(amount).expect("USD amount"),
-    };
-    fixture
-        .usage_records
-        .lock()
-        .expect("usage records")
-        .push(UsageRecord {
-            id: "request_endpoint".to_owned(),
-            client_api_key_ref: "key_endpoint".to_owned(),
-            config_revision: 1,
-            protocol: "openai".to_owned(),
-            operation: "generate".to_owned(),
-            endpoint: "/v1/responses".to_owned(),
-            client_transport: "http_sse".to_owned(),
-            requested_model_id: "grok-4.5".to_owned(),
-            provider_kind: Some("xai".to_owned()),
-            provider_account_ref: None,
-            provider_account_name: None,
-            provider_account_email: None,
-            provider_account_authentication_kind: Some("oauth".to_owned()),
-            upstream_model_id: Some("grok-4.5".to_owned()),
-            upstream_transport: Some("http_sse".to_owned()),
-            http_version: Some("h2".to_owned()),
-            websocket_pool: Some("reuse".to_owned()),
-            service_tier: Some("priority".to_owned()),
-            provider_metadata_json: Some(
-                serde_json::json!({
-                    "effectiveModel": "grok-4.5",
-                    "requestSummary": {"inputItemsCount": 2},
-                    "transport": "must-not-overwrite-core",
-                })
-                .to_string(),
-            ),
-            attempt_count: 1,
-            upstream_send_state: "sent".to_owned(),
-            downstream_committed_at: None,
-            outcome: RequestOutcome::Succeeded,
-            client_status_code: Some(200),
-            upstream_status_code: Some(200),
-            client_response_id: Some("resp_usage_metadata".to_owned()),
-            upstream_request_id: Some("upstream_usage_metadata".to_owned()),
-            upstream_response_id: None,
-            error_kind: None,
-            provider_error_code: None,
-            error_message: None,
-            retry_after_ms: None,
-            input_tokens: Some(1),
-            output_tokens: Some(1),
-            cached_tokens: Some(0),
-            cache_write_tokens: Some(0),
-            reasoning_tokens: Some(0),
-            image_input_tokens: Some(31),
-            image_output_tokens: Some(9),
-            total_tokens: Some(2),
-            cost_source: "unavailable".to_owned(),
-            cost_amount: None,
-            cost_currency: None,
-            billing: Some(UsageBilling::Calculated(Box::new(
-                CalculatedBillingBreakdown {
-                    input_amount: usd("0.03"),
-                    output_amount: usd("0.07"),
-                    cache_read_amount: usd("0.00"),
-                    cache_write_amount: usd("0.00"),
-                    standard_amount: usd("0.10"),
-                    total_amount: usd("0.10"),
-                    input_price_per_million: usd("10.0000"),
-                    output_price_per_million: usd("60.0000"),
-                    cache_read_price_per_million: usd("1.0000"),
-                    cache_write_price_per_million: usd("12.5000"),
-                    service_tier: Some("priority".to_owned()),
-                    multiplier_percent: 100,
-                },
-            ))),
-            transport_decision_wait_ms: Some(7),
-            connect_ms: Some(11),
-            headers_ms: Some(13),
-            first_event_ms: Some(17),
-            first_reasoning_ms: Some(19),
-            first_text_ms: Some(23),
-            first_token_ms: Some(19),
-            provider_processing_ms: Some(29),
-            latency_ms: Some(31),
-            client_ip: Some("127.0.0.1".to_owned()),
-            user_agent: Some("usage-metadata-test".to_owned()),
-            reasoning_effort: Some("max".to_owned()),
-            reasoning_preset: Some("ultra".to_owned()),
-            request_kind: Some("review".to_owned()),
-            subagent_kind: Some("worker".to_owned()),
-            compact: true,
-            image_generation_requested: true,
-            image_generation_succeeded: Some(true),
-            started_at: Utc::now(),
-            deadline_at: Utc::now(),
-            completed_at: Some(Utc::now()),
-        });
-    let response = observability::router::<AdminTestState>()
-        .with_state(fixture.state())
-        .oneshot(
-            Request::builder()
-                .uri("/api/admin/usage/records")
-                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
-                .header("x-request-id", "req_usage_endpoint")
-                .body(Body::empty())
-                .expect("usage request"),
-        )
-        .await
-        .expect("usage response");
-    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), 1024 * 1024)
-        .await
-        .expect("usage response body");
-    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("usage response JSON");
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        value["data"]["items"][0]["billing"]["inputPriceDisplay"],
-        "$10 / 1M Token"
-    );
-    assert_eq!(
-        value["data"]["items"][0]["billing"]["outputPriceDisplay"],
-        "$60 / 1M Token"
-    );
-    assert_eq!(
-        value["data"]["items"][0]["billing"]["cacheWritePriceDisplay"],
-        "$12.5 / 1M Token"
-    );
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        serde_json::json!({
-            "route": value["data"]["items"][0]["route"],
-            "serviceTier": value["data"]["items"][0]["serviceTier"],
-            "authenticationKind": value["data"]["items"][0]["authenticationKind"],
-            "imageInputTokens": value["data"]["items"][0]["tokenDetails"]["imageInputTokens"],
-            "imageOutputTokens": value["data"]["items"][0]["tokenDetails"]["imageOutputTokens"],
-            "websocketPool": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["websocketPool"],
-            "imageGenerationRequested": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["imageGenerationRequested"],
-            "imageGenerationSucceeded": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["imageGenerationSucceeded"],
-            "requestedModel": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["requestedModel"],
-            "upstreamModel": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["upstreamModel"],
-            "clientIp": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["clientIp"],
-            "userAgent": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["userAgent"],
-            "reasoningEffort": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["reasoningEffort"],
-            "reasoningPreset": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["reasoningPreset"],
-            "requestKind": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["requestKind"],
-            "subagentKind": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["subagentKind"],
-            "compact": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["compact"],
-            "transport": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["transport"],
-            "transportDecisionWaitMs": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["latencyDetails"]["transportDecisionWaitMs"],
-            "wsConnectMs": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["latencyDetails"]["wsConnectMs"],
-            "firstReasoningMs": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["latencyDetails"]["firstReasoningMs"],
-            "firstTextMs": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["latencyDetails"]["firstTextMs"],
-            "firstTokenMs": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["latencyDetails"]["firstTokenMs"],
-            "effectiveModel": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["effectiveModel"],
-            "requestSummary": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["requestSummary"],
-        }),
-        serde_json::json!({
-            "route": "/v1/responses",
-            "serviceTier": "priority",
-            "authenticationKind": "oauth",
-            "imageInputTokens": 31,
-            "imageOutputTokens": 9,
-            "websocketPool": {"kind": "reuse"},
-            "imageGenerationRequested": true,
-            "imageGenerationSucceeded": true,
-            "requestedModel": "grok-4.5",
-            "upstreamModel": "grok-4.5",
-            "clientIp": "127.0.0.1",
-            "userAgent": "usage-metadata-test",
-            "reasoningEffort": "max",
-            "reasoningPreset": "ultra",
-            "requestKind": "review",
-            "subagentKind": "worker",
-            "compact": true,
-            "transport": "http_sse",
-            "transportDecisionWaitMs": 7,
-            "wsConnectMs": 11,
-            "firstReasoningMs": 19,
-            "firstTextMs": 23,
-            "firstTokenMs": 19,
-            "effectiveModel": "grok-4.5",
-            "requestSummary": {"inputItemsCount": 2},
-        })
-    );
-}

backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/admin/observability/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+//! Admin 观测 wire/路由的固定合同测试。
+
+mod query;
+mod response;

backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/admin/observability/query.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+//! 查询 wire 校验的固定合同测试。
+
+use gateway_api::admin::observability::{
+    DashboardQuery, DiagnosticDimension, DiagnosticsQuery, OpsQuery, TrendKind, UsageQuery,
+    parse_attempt_index, parse_datetime, parse_status,
+};
+use serde_json::json;
+
+#[test]
+fn dashboard_query_should_parse_terminal_trend_kinds() {
+    let query: DashboardQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({"kind": "errors"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(query.trend_kind().unwrap(), TrendKind::Errors);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn dashboard_query_should_reject_unknown_trend_kind() {
+    let query: DashboardQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({"kind": "secret"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(query.trend_kind().unwrap_err().field(), "kind");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn usage_query_should_bound_page_size_and_cursor() {
+    let query: UsageQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({
+        "page": 2,
+        "pageSize": 100,
+        "cursor": "opaque"
+    }))
+    .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(query.validate_page().unwrap(), (2, 100));
+    assert!(query.validate_cursor().is_ok());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn usage_query_should_reject_zero_page() {
+    let query: UsageQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({"page": 0})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(query.validate_page().unwrap_err().field(), "page");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn ops_query_should_reject_page_size_above_terminal_limit() {
+    let query: OpsQuery = serde_json::from_value(json!({"pageSize": 101})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(query.validate_page().unwrap_err().field(), "pageSize");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn diagnostics_query_should_keep_wire_dimension_name() {
+    let query: DiagnosticsQuery =
+        serde_json::from_value(json!({"dimension": "failure_class"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(query.dimension().unwrap(), DiagnosticDimension::Failure);
+    assert_eq!(DiagnosticDimension::Failure.display_name(), "failureClass");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn scalar_query_parsers_should_reject_out_of_range_values_without_echoing_input() {
+    assert_eq!(parse_status(Some(99)).unwrap_err().field(), "statusCode");
+    assert_eq!(
+        parse_attempt_index(Some(0)).unwrap_err().field(),
+        "attemptIndex"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        parse_datetime(Some("not-a-time")).unwrap_err().field(),
+        "timeRange"
+    );
+}

backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/admin/observability/response.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,993 @@
+//! 响应 DTO 与固定 wire 形状的合同测试。
+
+use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};
+use gateway_admin::model::observability::DesktopReleaseStatus;
+use gateway_api::admin::PageMeta;
+use gateway_api::admin::observability::{
+    BillingView, CostCoverageView, CursorWire, DashboardAccountRequestBucketView,
+    DashboardAccountUsageView, DashboardDesktopReleaseStatusView, DashboardWireAttributeView,
+    DashboardWireProfileView, DashboardWireTargetView, PageData, TokenDetailsView, TrendData,
+    TrendKind, TrendPointView, TrendSummaryView,
+};
+use serde_json::json;
+
+#[test]
+fn usage_page_should_keep_terminal_camel_case_shape() {
+    let data = PageData {
+        items: vec![json!({"id": "request_1"})],
+        page: PageMeta::new(1, 50, 1, 1),
+        next_cursor: Some("cursor".to_owned()),
+    };
+    let value = serde_json::to_value(data).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(value["page"]["pageSize"], 50);
+    assert_eq!(value["nextCursor"], "cursor");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn dashboard_wire_profiles_should_keep_provider_specific_attributes() {
+    let value = serde_json::to_value(DashboardWireProfileView {
+        provider: "xai".to_owned(),
+        product: "Grok Build".to_owned(),
+        version: "0.2.106".to_owned(),
+        build: None,
+        target: DashboardWireTargetView {
+            os_type: "linux".to_owned(),
+            os_version: "—".to_owned(),
+            arch: "x86_64".to_owned(),
+            terminal: "headless".to_owned(),
+        },
+        user_agent: "grok-shell/0.2.106 (linux; x86_64)".to_owned(),
+        attributes: vec![DashboardWireAttributeView {
+            label: "客户端标识".to_owned(),
+            value: "grok-shell".to_owned(),
+        }],
+        verified_at: None,
+        release: None,
+    })
+    .expect("dashboard profile");
+
+    assert_eq!(value["provider"], "xai");
+    assert_eq!(value["version"], "0.2.106");
+    assert_eq!(value["attributes"][0]["label"], "客户端标识");
+    assert!(value.get("release").is_none());
+    assert!(value.get("verifiedAt").is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn dashboard_account_usage_should_keep_daily_request_timeline() {
+    let bucket_start = Utc.timestamp_opt(0, 0).single().unwrap();
+    let value = serde_json::to_value(DashboardAccountUsageView {
+        id: "account_1".to_owned(),
+        provider: "xai".to_owned(),
+        authentication_kind: "oauth".to_owned(),
+        email: "account@example.com".to_owned(),
+        plan_type: Some("free".to_owned()),
+        tokens: "—".to_owned(),
+        request_count: 3,
+        request_buckets: vec![DashboardAccountRequestBucketView {
+            bucket_start,
+            request_count: 3,
+        }],
+        quota_used_percent: None,
+        last_used: "刚刚".to_owned(),
+    })
+    .expect("dashboard account usage");
+
+    assert_eq!(value["requestCount"], 3);
+    assert_eq!(
+        value["requestBuckets"][0]["bucketStart"],
+        "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(value["requestBuckets"][0]["requestCount"], 3);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn trend_wire_should_serialize_kind_and_values_without_store_types() {
+    let now = Utc.timestamp_opt(0, 0).single().unwrap();
+    let data = TrendData {
+        kind: TrendKind::Usage,
+        points: vec![TrendPointView {
+            time: "08:00".to_owned(),
+            bucket: now,
+            label: "01-01 08:00".to_owned(),
+            requests: "1".to_owned(),
+            requests_value: 1,
+            input_tokens: "2".to_owned(),
+            input_tokens_value: 2,
+            output_tokens: "3".to_owned(),
+            output_tokens_value: 3,
+            cached_tokens: "0".to_owned(),
+            cached_tokens_value: 0,
+            cache_hit_rate_value: 0.0,
+            tokens_value: 5,
+            errors: "0".to_owned(),
+            errors_value: 0,
+            latency: "1 ms".to_owned(),
+            latency_value: Some(1),
+            max_latency: "1 ms".to_owned(),
+            max_latency_value: Some(1),
+            min_latency: "1 ms".to_owned(),
+            min_latency_value: Some(1),
+            success_rate: "100.0%".to_owned(),
+            success_rate_value: Some(100.0),
+        }],
+        summary: vec![TrendSummaryView {
+            label: "输入".to_owned(),
+            value: "2".to_owned(),
+            ratio: None,
+        }],
+    };
+    let value = serde_json::to_value(data).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(value["kind"], "usage");
+    assert_eq!(value["points"][0]["requestsValue"], 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn sensitive_response_views_do_not_require_debug_or_add_secret_fields() {
+    let coverage = CostCoverageView {
+        known: 1,
+        partial: 0,
+        unknown: 0,
+        not_billable: 0,
+    };
+    let token_details = TokenDetailsView {
+        input_tokens: Some(1),
+        output_tokens: Some(2),
+        cached_tokens: None,
+        cache_write_tokens: None,
+        reasoning_tokens: None,
+        image_input_tokens: None,
+        image_output_tokens: None,
+        total_tokens: Some(3),
+        input_tokens_display: "1".to_owned(),
+        output_tokens_display: "2".to_owned(),
+        cached_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
+        cache_write_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
+        reasoning_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
+        image_input_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
+        image_output_tokens_display: "-".to_owned(),
+        total_tokens_display: "3".to_owned(),
+    };
+    let cursor = CursorWire {
+        observed_at: Utc.timestamp_opt(0, 0).single().unwrap(),
+        stable_id: "request_1".to_owned(),
+    };
+    let value = serde_json::to_value((&coverage, &token_details, &cursor)).unwrap();
+    assert!(value.to_string().contains("known"));
+    assert!(!value.to_string().contains("secret"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn billing_view_should_preserve_the_original_detail_contract() {
+    let value = serde_json::to_value(BillingView {
+        input_amount_display: "$0.03".to_owned(),
+        output_amount_display: "$0.00".to_owned(),
+        cache_read_amount_display: "$0.14".to_owned(),
+        cache_write_amount_display: "$0.00".to_owned(),
+        standard_amount_display: "$0.17".to_owned(),
+        total_amount_display: "$0.17".to_owned(),
+        input_price_display: "$10.0000 / 1M Token".to_owned(),
+        output_price_display: "$60.0000 / 1M Token".to_owned(),
+        cache_read_price_display: "$1.0000 / 1M Token".to_owned(),
+        cache_write_price_display: "$12.5000 / 1M Token".to_owned(),
+        service_tier_display: "Fast".to_owned(),
+        multiplier_display: "1.00x".to_owned(),
+    })
+    .expect("billing view");
+
+    assert_eq!(value["inputAmountDisplay"], "$0.03");
+    assert_eq!(value["cacheReadPriceDisplay"], "$1.0000 / 1M Token");
+    assert_eq!(value["serviceTierDisplay"], "Fast");
+    assert_eq!(value["multiplierDisplay"], "1.00x");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn desktop_release_status_should_preserve_the_existing_dashboard_wire_values() {
+    for (domain, expected) in [
+        (DesktopReleaseStatus::Unchecked, "unchecked"),
+        (DesktopReleaseStatus::Current, "aligned"),
+        (DesktopReleaseStatus::UpdateAvailable, "review_required"),
+        (DesktopReleaseStatus::Failed, "check_failed"),
+    ] {
+        let status = DashboardDesktopReleaseStatusView::from(domain);
+        assert_eq!(serde_json::to_value(status).unwrap(), expected);
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn dashboard_summary_should_include_quota_exhaustion_in_unavailable_headline_count() {
+    use axum::{
+        body::{Body, to_bytes},
+        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
+    };
+    use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+    use gateway_admin::model::observability::{
+        AccountPoolMetrics, AttemptMetrics, DashboardObservation, RequestMetrics, TimeRange,
+    };
+    use gateway_api::admin::observability;
+    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+    use crate::admin::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState};
+
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    *fixture
+        .dashboard_observation
+        .lock()
+        .expect("dashboard observation") = Some(DashboardObservation {
+        range: TimeRange::new(now - Duration::hours(1), now).expect("dashboard range"),
+        requests: RequestMetrics::default(),
+        attempts: AttemptMetrics::default(),
+        totals: Default::default(),
+        provider_accounts: AccountPoolMetrics {
+            total: 807,
+            normal: 15,
+            quota_exhausted: 785,
+            rate_limited: 0,
+            disabled: 3,
+            error: 4,
+        },
+        trend: Vec::new(),
+        account_usage: Vec::new(),
+        recent_requests: Vec::new(),
+    });
+
+    let response = observability::router::<AdminTestState>()
+        .with_state(fixture.state())
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/api/admin/dashboard/summary")
+                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+                .header("x-request-id", "req_dashboard_account_summary")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("dashboard request"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard response");
+    let status = response.status();
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), 1024 * 1024)
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard response body");
+    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("dashboard response JSON");
+    assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::OK, "{value}");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        (
+            &value["data"]["cards"]["credentials"]["totalValue"],
+            &value["data"]["cards"]["credentials"]["availableValue"],
+            &value["data"]["cards"]["credentials"]["unavailableValue"],
+        ),
+        (
+            &serde_json::json!(807),
+            &serde_json::json!(15),
+            &serde_json::json!(792)
+        ),
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn dashboard_summary_should_use_lifetime_totals_for_card_footers() {
+    use axum::{
+        body::{Body, to_bytes},
+        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
+    };
+    use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+    use gateway_admin::model::observability::{
+        AccountPoolMetrics, AttemptMetrics, DashboardObservation, DashboardTotals, RequestMetrics,
+        TimeRange,
+    };
+    use gateway_api::admin::observability;
+    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+    use crate::admin::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState};
+
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let range_requests = RequestMetrics {
+        request_count: 2,
+        input_tokens: 8,
+        cached_tokens: 2,
+        total_tokens: 12,
+        ..RequestMetrics::default()
+    };
+    *fixture
+        .dashboard_observation
+        .lock()
+        .expect("dashboard observation") = Some(DashboardObservation {
+        range: TimeRange::new(now - Duration::hours(1), now).expect("dashboard range"),
+        requests: range_requests,
+        attempts: AttemptMetrics::default(),
+        totals: DashboardTotals {
+            request_count: 42,
+            input_tokens: 800,
+            cached_tokens: 200,
+            total_tokens: 840,
+            billing_usd: None,
+        },
+        provider_accounts: AccountPoolMetrics::default(),
+        trend: Vec::new(),
+        account_usage: Vec::new(),
+        recent_requests: Vec::new(),
+    });
+
+    let response = observability::router::<AdminTestState>()
+        .with_state(fixture.state())
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/api/admin/dashboard/summary")
+                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+                .header("x-request-id", "req_dashboard_lifetime_totals")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("dashboard request"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard response");
+    let status = response.status();
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), 1024 * 1024)
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard response body");
+    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("dashboard response JSON");
+    assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::OK, "{value}");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        (
+            &value["data"]["cards"]["traffic"]["totalRequests"],
+            &value["data"]["cards"]["tokens"]["totalTokens"],
+            &value["data"]["cards"]["cache"]["totalHitRate"],
+            &value["data"]["cards"]["cache"]["totalCachedTokens"],
+        ),
+        (
+            &serde_json::json!("42"),
+            &serde_json::json!("840"),
+            &serde_json::json!("25.0%"),
+            &serde_json::json!("200"),
+        ),
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn dashboard_summary_should_default_to_current_china_day() {
+    use axum::{
+        body::Body,
+        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
+    };
+    use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+    use gateway_admin::model::observability::{
+        AccountPoolMetrics, AttemptMetrics, DashboardObservation, RequestMetrics, TimeRange,
+        china_day_start,
+    };
+    use gateway_api::admin::observability;
+    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+    use crate::admin::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState};
+
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    *fixture
+        .dashboard_observation
+        .lock()
+        .expect("dashboard observation") = Some(DashboardObservation {
+        range: TimeRange::new(now - Duration::hours(1), now).expect("dashboard range"),
+        requests: RequestMetrics::default(),
+        attempts: AttemptMetrics::default(),
+        totals: Default::default(),
+        provider_accounts: AccountPoolMetrics::default(),
+        trend: Vec::new(),
+        account_usage: Vec::new(),
+        recent_requests: Vec::new(),
+    });
+
+    let response = observability::router::<AdminTestState>()
+        .with_state(fixture.state())
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/api/admin/dashboard/summary")
+                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+                .header("x-request-id", "req_dashboard_today_range")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("dashboard request"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard response");
+    let range = fixture
+        .dashboard_summary_range
+        .lock()
+        .expect("dashboard summary range")
+        .take()
+        .expect("recorded dashboard summary range");
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    assert_eq!(range.start, china_day_start(range.end));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn usage_detail_should_keep_attempt_snapshot_contract() {
+    use axum::{
+        body::{Body, to_bytes},
+        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
+    };
+    use chrono::Utc;
+    use gateway_admin::model::observability::{UsageAttempt, UsageDetail};
+    use gateway_api::admin::observability;
+    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+    use crate::admin::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState};
+
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    fixture
+        .usage_detail
+        .lock()
+        .expect("usage detail")
+        .replace(UsageDetail {
+            request: usage_record_with_account(
+                "req_detail",
+                "acct_snap_a",
+                "Snapshot Alpha",
+                "alpha@example.invalid",
+                "oauth",
+                now,
+            ),
+            attempts: vec![UsageAttempt {
+                source: "ops_event".to_owned(),
+                id: "ops_detail".to_owned(),
+                attempt_index: 1,
+                component: "routing".to_owned(),
+                operation: "fallback".to_owned(),
+                provider_kind: Some("openai".to_owned()),
+                provider_account_ref: Some("acct_snap_b".to_owned()),
+                provider_account_name: Some("Snapshot Beta".to_owned()),
+                provider_account_email: Some("beta@example.invalid".to_owned()),
+                provider_account_authentication_kind: Some("api_key".to_owned()),
+                upstream_model_id: Some("upstream-b".to_owned()),
+                upstream_transport: Some("http_sse".to_owned()),
+                upstream_send_state: Some("sent".to_owned()),
+                outcome: gateway_admin::model::observability::RequestOutcome::Failed,
+                downstream_committed: false,
+                status_code: Some(429),
+                provider_error_code: Some("rate_limit".to_owned()),
+                failure_kind: Some("rate_limited".to_owned()),
+                retry_after_ms: Some(1_000),
+                upstream_request_id: None,
+                latency_ms: Some(120),
+                message: Some("limited".to_owned()),
+                input_tokens: None,
+                output_tokens: None,
+                cached_tokens: None,
+                cache_write_tokens: None,
+                reasoning_tokens: None,
+                total_tokens: None,
+                cost_source: Some("unavailable".to_owned()),
+                cost_amount: None,
+                cost_currency: None,
+                occurred_at: now,
+            }],
+        });
+    let response = observability::router::<AdminTestState>()
+        .with_state(fixture.state())
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/api/admin/usage/records/detail?id=req_detail")
+                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+                .header("x-request-id", "req_usage_detail_snapshot")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("usage detail request"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("usage detail response");
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), 1024 * 1024)
+        .await
+        .expect("usage detail body");
+    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("usage detail JSON");
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::json!({
+            "accountId": value["data"]["accountId"],
+            "accountName": value["data"]["accountName"],
+            "accountEmail": value["data"]["accountEmail"],
+            "authenticationKind": value["data"]["authenticationKind"],
+            "attemptCredentialName": value["data"]["attempts"][0]["credentialName"],
+            "attemptAccountId": value["data"]["attempts"][0]["accountId"],
+            "attemptAccountName": value["data"]["attempts"][0]["accountName"],
+            "attemptAccountEmail": value["data"]["attempts"][0]["accountEmail"],
+            "attemptAuthenticationKind": value["data"]["attempts"][0]["authenticationKind"],
+        }),
+        serde_json::json!({
+            "accountId": "acct_snap_a",
+            "accountName": "Snapshot Alpha",
+            "accountEmail": "alpha@example.invalid",
+            "authenticationKind": "oauth",
+            "attemptCredentialName": "Snapshot Beta",
+            "attemptAccountId": "acct_snap_b",
+            "attemptAccountName": "Snapshot Beta",
+            "attemptAccountEmail": "beta@example.invalid",
+            "attemptAuthenticationKind": "api_key",
+        })
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn ops_errors_should_keep_account_label_and_authentication_contract() {
+    use axum::{
+        body::{Body, to_bytes},
+        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
+    };
+    use chrono::Utc;
+    use gateway_admin::model::observability::OpsError;
+    use gateway_api::admin::observability;
+    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+    use crate::admin::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState};
+
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    fixture
+        .ops_errors
+        .lock()
+        .expect("ops errors")
+        .push(OpsError {
+            source: "model_request".to_owned(),
+            event_id: "err_snapshot".to_owned(),
+            request_id: Some("req_err".to_owned()),
+            attempt_index: Some(1),
+            client_api_key_ref: Some("key_err".to_owned()),
+            component: "model_request".to_owned(),
+            operation: "responses".to_owned(),
+            endpoint: Some("/v1/responses".to_owned()),
+            provider_kind: Some("openai".to_owned()),
+            provider_account_ref: Some("acct_err".to_owned()),
+            provider_account_name: None,
+            provider_account_email: Some("err@example.invalid".to_owned()),
+            provider_account_authentication_kind: Some("api_key".to_owned()),
+            upstream_model_id: Some("upstream-err".to_owned()),
+            upstream_transport: Some("http_sse".to_owned()),
+            failure_kind: "upstream_error".to_owned(),
+            client_status_code: Some(502),
+            upstream_status_code: Some(502),
+            provider_error_code: Some("upstream".to_owned()),
+            client_response_id: None,
+            upstream_request_id: None,
+            latency_ms: Some(90),
+            message: "snapshot error".to_owned(),
+            occurrence_count: 1,
+            occurred_at: Utc::now(),
+            stable_sort_id: "model_request:req_err".to_owned(),
+        });
+    let response = observability::router::<AdminTestState>()
+        .with_state(fixture.state())
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/api/admin/operations/errors")
+                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+                .header("x-request-id", "req_ops_errors_snapshot")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("ops errors request"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("ops errors response");
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), 1024 * 1024)
+        .await
+        .expect("ops errors body");
+    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("ops errors JSON");
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::json!({
+            "provider": value["data"]["items"][0]["provider"],
+            "authenticationKind": value["data"]["items"][0]["authenticationKind"],
+            "kind": value["data"]["items"][0]["kind"],
+            "accountId": value["data"]["items"][0]["accountId"],
+            "accountLabel": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["accountLabel"],
+            "clientStatusCode": value["data"]["items"][0]["clientStatusCode"],
+            "route": value["data"]["items"][0]["route"],
+        }),
+        serde_json::json!({
+            "provider": "openai",
+            "authenticationKind": "api_key",
+            "kind": "model_request",
+            "accountId": "acct_err",
+            "accountLabel": "err@example.invalid",
+            "clientStatusCode": 502,
+            "route": "/v1/responses",
+        })
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn diagnostics_should_keep_stable_key_and_display_name_contract() {
+    use axum::{
+        body::{Body, to_bytes},
+        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
+    };
+    use gateway_admin::model::observability::{CostCoverage, DiagnosticObservation};
+    use gateway_api::admin::observability;
+    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+    use crate::admin::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState};
+
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    fixture
+        .diagnostics
+        .lock()
+        .expect("diagnostics")
+        .push(DiagnosticObservation {
+            key: "acct_diag".to_owned(),
+            name: "diag@example.invalid".to_owned(),
+            request_count: 2,
+            success_count: 2,
+            failure_count: 0,
+            attempt_count: 2,
+            total_tokens: 200,
+            average_latency_ms: Some(100),
+            latency_p95_ms: Some(3800),
+            cost_coverage: CostCoverage::default(),
+            costs: Vec::new(),
+        });
+    let response = observability::router::<AdminTestState>()
+        .with_state(fixture.state())
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/api/admin/usage/insights/diagnostics?dimension=account")
+                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+                .header("x-request-id", "req_diagnostics_snapshot")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("diagnostics request"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("diagnostics response");
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), 1024 * 1024)
+        .await
+        .expect("diagnostics body");
+    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("diagnostics JSON");
+    assert_eq!(
+        (
+            &value["data"]["items"][0]["key"],
+            &value["data"]["items"][0]["name"],
+            &value["data"]["items"][0]["latencyP95Ms"],
+            &value["data"]["dimension"],
+        ),
+        (
+            &serde_json::json!("acct_diag"),
+            &serde_json::json!("diag@example.invalid"),
+            &serde_json::json!(3800),
+            &serde_json::json!("account"),
+        )
+    );
+}
+
+fn usage_record_with_account(
+    id: &str,
+    account_id: &str,
+    name: &str,
+    email: &str,
+    authentication_kind: &str,
+    started_at: chrono::DateTime<chrono::Utc>,
+) -> gateway_admin::model::observability::UsageRecord {
+    use gateway_admin::model::observability::{RequestOutcome, UsageRecord};
+
+    UsageRecord {
+        id: id.to_owned(),
+        client_api_key_ref: "key_detail".to_owned(),
+        config_revision: 1,
+        routing_scope: "all".to_owned(),
+        routing_group_refs: Vec::new(),
+        routing_group_names_snapshot: Vec::new(),
+        protocol: "openai".to_owned(),
+        operation: "responses".to_owned(),
+        endpoint: "/v1/responses".to_owned(),
+        client_transport: "http_sse".to_owned(),
+        requested_model_id: "coding".to_owned(),
+        provider_kind: Some("openai".to_owned()),
+        provider_account_ref: Some(account_id.to_owned()),
+        provider_account_name: Some(name.to_owned()),
+        provider_account_email: Some(email.to_owned()),
+        provider_account_authentication_kind: Some(authentication_kind.to_owned()),
+        upstream_model_id: Some("upstream-model".to_owned()),
+        upstream_transport: Some("http_sse".to_owned()),
+        http_version: Some("h2".to_owned()),
+        websocket_pool: None,
+        service_tier: None,
+        provider_metadata_json: None,
+        attempt_count: 1,
+        upstream_send_state: "sent".to_owned(),
+        downstream_committed_at: Some(started_at),
+        outcome: RequestOutcome::Succeeded,
+        client_status_code: Some(200),
+        upstream_status_code: Some(200),
+        client_response_id: None,
+        upstream_request_id: None,
+        upstream_response_id: None,
+        error_kind: None,
+        provider_error_code: None,
+        error_message: None,
+        retry_after_ms: None,
+        input_tokens: Some(1),
+        output_tokens: Some(1),
+        cached_tokens: Some(0),
+        cache_write_tokens: Some(0),
+        reasoning_tokens: Some(0),
+        image_input_tokens: Some(0),
+        image_output_tokens: Some(0),
+        total_tokens: Some(2),
+        cost_source: "unavailable".to_owned(),
+        cost_amount: None,
+        cost_currency: None,
+        billing: None,
+        transport_decision_wait_ms: None,
+        connect_ms: None,
+        headers_ms: None,
+        first_event_ms: None,
+        first_reasoning_ms: None,
+        first_text_ms: None,
+        first_token_ms: None,
+        provider_processing_ms: None,
+        latency_ms: None,
+        client_ip: None,
+        user_agent: None,
+        reasoning_effort: None,
+        reasoning_preset: None,
+        request_kind: None,
+        subagent_kind: None,
+        compact: false,
+        image_generation_requested: false,
+        image_generation_succeeded: None,
+        started_at,
+        deadline_at: started_at + chrono::Duration::seconds(30),
+        completed_at: Some(started_at),
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn usage_route_should_forward_a_bounded_unknown_outcome_filter() {
+    use axum::{
+        body::Body,
+        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
+    };
+    use gateway_api::admin::observability;
+    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+    use crate::admin::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState};
+
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    let response = observability::router::<AdminTestState>()
+        .with_state(fixture.state())
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/api/admin/usage/records?outcome=provider_future_state")
+                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+                .header("x-request-id", "req_usage_other_outcome")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("usage request"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("usage response");
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn usage_route_should_expose_image_and_websocket_facts() {
+    use std::str::FromStr as _;
+
+    use axum::{
+        body::{Body, to_bytes},
+        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
+    };
+    use chrono::Utc;
+    use gateway_admin::model::observability::{
+        CalculatedBillingBreakdown, CurrencyCost, DecimalAmount, RequestOutcome, UsageBilling,
+        UsageRecord,
+    };
+    use gateway_api::admin::observability;
+    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+    use crate::admin::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState};
+
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    let usd = |amount: &str| CurrencyCost {
+        currency: "USD".to_owned(),
+        amount: DecimalAmount::from_str(amount).expect("USD amount"),
+    };
+    fixture
+        .usage_records
+        .lock()
+        .expect("usage records")
+        .push(UsageRecord {
+            id: "request_endpoint".to_owned(),
+            client_api_key_ref: "key_endpoint".to_owned(),
+            config_revision: 1,
+            routing_scope: "groups".to_owned(),
+            routing_group_refs: vec!["grp_usage".to_owned()],
+            routing_group_names_snapshot: vec!["Usage group".to_owned()],
+            protocol: "openai".to_owned(),
+            operation: "generate".to_owned(),
+            endpoint: "/v1/responses".to_owned(),
+            client_transport: "http_sse".to_owned(),
+            requested_model_id: "grok-4.5".to_owned(),
+            provider_kind: Some("xai".to_owned()),
+            provider_account_ref: Some("acct_snapshot".to_owned()),
+            provider_account_name: Some("Snapshot Alpha".to_owned()),
+            provider_account_email: Some("alpha@example.invalid".to_owned()),
+            provider_account_authentication_kind: Some("oauth".to_owned()),
+            upstream_model_id: Some("grok-4.5".to_owned()),
+            upstream_transport: Some("http_sse".to_owned()),
+            http_version: Some("h2".to_owned()),
+            websocket_pool: Some("reuse".to_owned()),
+            service_tier: Some("priority".to_owned()),
+            provider_metadata_json: Some(
+                serde_json::json!({
+                    "effectiveModel": "grok-4.5",
+                    "requestSummary": {"inputItemsCount": 2},
+                    "transport": "must-not-overwrite-core",
+                })
+                .to_string(),
+            ),
+            attempt_count: 1,
+            upstream_send_state: "sent".to_owned(),
+            downstream_committed_at: None,
+            outcome: RequestOutcome::Succeeded,
+            client_status_code: Some(200),
+            upstream_status_code: Some(200),
+            client_response_id: Some("resp_usage_metadata".to_owned()),
+            upstream_request_id: Some("upstream_usage_metadata".to_owned()),
+            upstream_response_id: None,
+            error_kind: None,
+            provider_error_code: None,
+            error_message: None,
+            retry_after_ms: None,
+            input_tokens: Some(1),
+            output_tokens: Some(1),
+            cached_tokens: Some(0),
+            cache_write_tokens: Some(0),
+            reasoning_tokens: Some(0),
+            image_input_tokens: Some(31),
+            image_output_tokens: Some(9),
+            total_tokens: Some(2),
+            cost_source: "unavailable".to_owned(),
+            cost_amount: None,
+            cost_currency: None,
+            billing: Some(UsageBilling::Calculated(Box::new(
+                CalculatedBillingBreakdown {
+                    input_amount: usd("0.03"),
+                    output_amount: usd("0.07"),
+                    cache_read_amount: usd("0.00"),
+                    cache_write_amount: usd("0.00"),
+                    standard_amount: usd("0.10"),
+                    total_amount: usd("0.10"),
+                    input_price_per_million: usd("10.0000"),
+                    output_price_per_million: usd("60.0000"),
+                    cache_read_price_per_million: usd("1.0000"),
+                    cache_write_price_per_million: usd("12.5000"),
+                    service_tier: Some("priority".to_owned()),
+                    multiplier_percent: 100,
+                },
+            ))),
+            transport_decision_wait_ms: Some(7),
+            connect_ms: Some(11),
+            headers_ms: Some(13),
+            first_event_ms: Some(17),
+            first_reasoning_ms: Some(19),
+            first_text_ms: Some(23),
+            first_token_ms: Some(19),
+            provider_processing_ms: Some(29),
+            latency_ms: Some(31),
+            client_ip: Some("127.0.0.1".to_owned()),
+            user_agent: Some("usage-metadata-test".to_owned()),
+            reasoning_effort: Some("max".to_owned()),
+            reasoning_preset: Some("ultra".to_owned()),
+            request_kind: Some("review".to_owned()),
+            subagent_kind: Some("worker".to_owned()),
+            compact: true,
+            image_generation_requested: true,
+            image_generation_succeeded: Some(true),
+            started_at: Utc::now(),
+            deadline_at: Utc::now(),
+            completed_at: Some(Utc::now()),
+        });
+    let response = observability::router::<AdminTestState>()
+        .with_state(fixture.state())
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/api/admin/usage/records")
+                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+                .header("x-request-id", "req_usage_endpoint")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("usage request"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("usage response");
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), 1024 * 1024)
+        .await
+        .expect("usage response body");
+    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("usage response JSON");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        value["data"]["items"][0]["billing"]["inputPriceDisplay"],
+        "$10 / 1M Token"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        value["data"]["items"][0]["billing"]["outputPriceDisplay"],
+        "$60 / 1M Token"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        value["data"]["items"][0]["billing"]["cacheWritePriceDisplay"],
+        "$12.5 / 1M Token"
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::json!({
+            "route": value["data"]["items"][0]["route"],
+            "routingScope": value["data"]["items"][0]["routingScope"],
+            "routingGroupRefs": value["data"]["items"][0]["routingGroupRefs"],
+            "routingGroupNamesSnapshot": value["data"]["items"][0]["routingGroupNamesSnapshot"],
+            "serviceTier": value["data"]["items"][0]["serviceTier"],
+            "accountId": value["data"]["items"][0]["accountId"],
+            "accountName": value["data"]["items"][0]["accountName"],
+            "accountEmail": value["data"]["items"][0]["accountEmail"],
+            "authenticationKind": value["data"]["items"][0]["authenticationKind"],
+            "imageInputTokens": value["data"]["items"][0]["tokenDetails"]["imageInputTokens"],
+            "imageOutputTokens": value["data"]["items"][0]["tokenDetails"]["imageOutputTokens"],
+            "websocketPool": value["data"]["items"][0]["websocketPool"],
+            "imageGenerationRequested": value["data"]["items"][0]["imageGenerationRequested"],
+            "imageGenerationSucceeded": value["data"]["items"][0]["imageGenerationSucceeded"],
+            "requestedModel": value["data"]["items"][0]["requestedModel"],
+            "upstreamModel": value["data"]["items"][0]["upstreamModel"],
+            "clientIp": value["data"]["items"][0]["clientIp"],
+            "userAgent": value["data"]["items"][0]["userAgent"],
+            "reasoningEffort": value["data"]["items"][0]["reasoningEffort"],
+            "reasoningPreset": value["data"]["items"][0]["reasoningPreset"],
+            "requestKind": value["data"]["items"][0]["requestKind"],
+            "subagentKind": value["data"]["items"][0]["subagentKind"],
+            "compact": value["data"]["items"][0]["compact"],
+            "transport": value["data"]["items"][0]["transport"],
+            "transportDecisionWaitMs": value["data"]["items"][0]["latencyDetails"]["transportDecisionWaitMs"],
+            "wsConnectMs": value["data"]["items"][0]["latencyDetails"]["wsConnectMs"],
+            "firstReasoningMs": value["data"]["items"][0]["latencyDetails"]["firstReasoningMs"],
+            "firstTextMs": value["data"]["items"][0]["latencyDetails"]["firstTextMs"],
+            "firstTokenMs": value["data"]["items"][0]["latencyDetails"]["firstTokenMs"],
+            "effectiveModel": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["effectiveModel"],
+            "requestSummary": value["data"]["items"][0]["metadata"]["requestSummary"],
+        }),
+        serde_json::json!({
+            "route": "/v1/responses",
+            "routingScope": "groups",
+            "routingGroupRefs": ["grp_usage"],
+            "routingGroupNamesSnapshot": ["Usage group"],
+            "serviceTier": "priority",
+            "accountId": "acct_snapshot",
+            "accountName": "Snapshot Alpha",
+            "accountEmail": "alpha@example.invalid",
+            "authenticationKind": "oauth",
+            "imageInputTokens": 31,
+            "imageOutputTokens": 9,
+            "websocketPool": {"kind": "reuse"},
+            "imageGenerationRequested": true,
+            "imageGenerationSucceeded": true,
+            "requestedModel": "grok-4.5",
+            "upstreamModel": "grok-4.5",
+            "clientIp": "127.0.0.1",
+            "userAgent": "usage-metadata-test",
+            "reasoningEffort": "max",
+            "reasoningPreset": "ultra",
+            "requestKind": "review",
+            "subagentKind": "worker",
+            "compact": true,
+            "transport": "http_sse",
+            "transportDecisionWaitMs": 7,
+            "wsConnectMs": 11,
+            "firstReasoningMs": 19,
+            "firstTextMs": 23,
+            "firstTokenMs": 19,
+            "effectiveModel": "grok-4.5",
+            "requestSummary": {"inputItemsCount": 2},
+        })
+    );
+}

backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/admin/settings.rs

@@ -62,6 +62,123 @@ fn settings_request_should_reject_unknown_rotation_strategy() {
     assert_eq!(request.validate().unwrap_err().field(), "rotationStrategy");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn settings_response_should_cover_the_full_runtime_settings_contract() {
+    use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+    use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};
+    use gateway_admin::model::Revision;
+    use gateway_admin::model::settings::RuntimeSettings;
+    use gateway_api::admin::settings::RuntimeSettingsView;
+    use gateway_core::engine::credential::RotationStrategy;
+    use gateway_core::routing::{PublicModelId, UpstreamModelId};
+
+    let settings = RuntimeSettings {
+        config_revision: Revision::new(7).expect("revision"),
+        model_mappings: BTreeMap::from_iter([
+            (
+                PublicModelId::new("gpt-5.4").expect("public model"),
+                UpstreamModelId::new("gpt-5.5").expect("upstream model"),
+            ),
+            (
+                PublicModelId::new("grok-latest").expect("public model"),
+                UpstreamModelId::new("grok-4.5").expect("upstream model"),
+            ),
+        ]),
+        refresh_margin_seconds: 1800,
+        refresh_concurrency: 4,
+        max_concurrent_per_account: 5,
+        request_interval_ms: 25,
+        rotation_strategy: RotationStrategy::RoundRobin,
+        usage_retention_days: 32,
+        ops_event_retention_days: 31,
+        audit_retention_days: 91,
+        updated_at: Utc
+            .with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 8, 2, 10, 30, 0)
+            .single()
+            .expect("timestamp"),
+    };
+
+    let value = serde_json::to_value(RuntimeSettingsView::from(settings)).expect("serialize view");
+    assert_eq!(
+        value,
+        json!({
+            "modelMappings": {
+                "gpt-5.4": "gpt-5.5",
+                "grok-latest": "grok-4.5"
+            },
+            "refreshMarginSeconds": 1800,
+            "refreshConcurrency": 4,
+            "maxConcurrentPerAccount": 5,
+            "requestIntervalMs": 25,
+            "rotationStrategy": "round_robin",
+            "usageRetentionDays": 32,
+            "opsEventRetentionDays": 31,
+            "auditRetentionDays": 91,
+            "updatedAt": "2026-08-02T10:30:00Z"
+        })
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn settings_request_and_response_fields_should_stay_in_lockstep() {
+    use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
+
+    use gateway_admin::model::Revision;
+    use gateway_admin::model::settings::RuntimeSettings;
+    use gateway_api::admin::settings::RuntimeSettingsView;
+    use gateway_core::engine::credential::RotationStrategy;
+    use gateway_core::routing::{PublicModelId, UpstreamModelId};
+
+    let request: UpdateRuntimeSettingsRequest =
+        serde_json::from_value(update_body()).expect("decode settings");
+    request.validate().expect("fixture settings must validate");
+
+    let request_fields: BTreeSet<String> = update_body()
+        .as_object()
+        .expect("request body object")
+        .keys()
+        .cloned()
+        .collect();
+    let settings = RuntimeSettings {
+        config_revision: Revision::new(7).expect("revision"),
+        model_mappings: request
+            .model_mappings
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(public, upstream)| {
+                Ok((
+                    PublicModelId::new(public.clone())?,
+                    UpstreamModelId::new(upstream.clone())?,
+                ))
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<BTreeMap<_, _>, gateway_core::error::IdentifierError>>()
+            .expect("valid model mappings"),
+        refresh_margin_seconds: request.refresh_margin_seconds,
+        refresh_concurrency: u32::try_from(request.refresh_concurrency).expect("u32"),
+        max_concurrent_per_account: u32::try_from(request.max_concurrent_per_account).expect("u32"),
+        request_interval_ms: request.request_interval_ms,
+        rotation_strategy: RotationStrategy::parse(&request.rotation_strategy)
+            .expect("fixture rotation strategy"),
+        usage_retention_days: u32::try_from(request.usage_retention_days).expect("u32"),
+        ops_event_retention_days: u32::try_from(request.ops_event_retention_days).expect("u32"),
+        audit_retention_days: u32::try_from(request.audit_retention_days).expect("u32"),
+        updated_at: chrono::Utc::now(),
+    };
+
+    let response_fields: BTreeSet<String> =
+        serde_json::to_value(RuntimeSettingsView::from(settings))
+            .expect("serialize view")
+            .as_object()
+            .expect("view object")
+            .keys()
+            .cloned()
+            .collect();
+    let mut expected_fields = request_fields;
+    expected_fields.insert("updatedAt".to_owned());
+
+    assert_eq!(response_fields, expected_fields);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn settings_request_should_reject_unknown_revision_field() {
     let mut body = update_body();

backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/architecture.rs

@@ -33,11 +33,18 @@ fn source_tree_should_match_frozen_machine_manifest() {
     let mut actual = rust_files(&root.join("src"));
     actual.sort();
     let mut expected = vec![
+        "src/admin/account_groups.rs",
         "src/admin/accounts.rs",
         "src/admin/auth.rs",
+        "src/admin/backups.rs",
         "src/admin/client_keys.rs",
         "src/admin/mod.rs",
-        "src/admin/observability.rs",
+        "src/admin/observability/mod.rs",
+        "src/admin/observability/presenter.rs",
+        "src/admin/observability/query.rs",
+        "src/admin/observability/routes.rs",
+        "src/admin/observability/wire.rs",
+        "src/admin/presenter.rs",
         "src/admin/settings.rs",
         "src/admin/system.rs",
         "src/admin/wire.rs",
@@ -67,11 +74,14 @@ fn test_tree_should_match_frozen_rust_mirror() {
     let mut actual = rust_files(&root.join("tests"));
     actual.sort();
     let mut expected = vec![
+        "tests/admin/account_groups.rs",
         "tests/admin/accounts.rs",
         "tests/admin/auth.rs",
         "tests/admin/client_keys.rs",
         "tests/admin/mod.rs",
-        "tests/admin/observability.rs",
+        "tests/admin/observability/mod.rs",
+        "tests/admin/observability/query.rs",
+        "tests/admin/observability/response.rs",
         "tests/admin/settings.rs",
         "tests/admin/system.rs",
         "tests/admin/wire.rs",

backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/openai/error.rs

@@ -58,6 +58,30 @@ fn no_available_provider_error_should_map_to_service_unavailable() {
     );
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn account_capacity_error_should_map_to_service_unavailable() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        gateway_error_contract(GatewayErrorKind::AccountCapacityUnavailable),
+        (
+            StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            "server_error",
+            "account_capacity_unavailable",
+        )
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn provider_infrastructure_error_should_map_to_service_unavailable() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        gateway_error_contract(GatewayErrorKind::ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable),
+        (
+            StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            "server_error",
+            "provider_infrastructure_unavailable",
+        )
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn rate_limited_error_should_map_to_openai_retryable_status() {
     assert_eq!(
@@ -122,29 +146,32 @@ fn engine_provider_error_should_preserve_retry_classification() {
 #[test]
 fn local_provider_capacity_exhaustion_should_map_to_service_unavailable() {
     let error = EngineError::Provider(ProviderError::new(
-        ProviderErrorKind::Unavailable,
+        ProviderErrorKind::AccountCapacityUnavailable,
         UpstreamSendState::NotSent,
     ));
 
     assert_eq!(
         gateway_error_from_engine(&error),
         GatewayError::new(
-            GatewayErrorKind::NoAvailableProvider,
-            "no upstream provider is currently available for this request"
+            GatewayErrorKind::AccountCapacityUnavailable,
+            "all eligible upstream accounts are temporarily busy"
         )
     );
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn local_provider_capacity_exhaustion_should_preserve_safe_provider_detail() {
+fn no_eligible_provider_account_should_preserve_safe_provider_detail() {
     let detail = ClientVisibleUpstreamError::new(
         "no account is eligible for the requested model",
         Some("no_eligible_account".to_owned()),
         Some("account_unavailable_error".to_owned()),
     );
     let error = EngineError::Provider(
-        ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::Unavailable, UpstreamSendState::NotSent)
-            .with_client_visible_upstream_error(detail),
+        ProviderError::new(
+            ProviderErrorKind::NoEligibleAccount,
+            UpstreamSendState::NotSent,
+        )
+        .with_client_visible_upstream_error(detail),
     );
     let gateway = gateway_error_from_engine(&error);
 
@@ -164,6 +191,22 @@ fn local_provider_capacity_exhaustion_should_preserve_safe_provider_detail() {
     );
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn provider_infrastructure_failure_should_have_a_distinct_client_contract() {
+    let error = EngineError::Provider(ProviderError::new(
+        ProviderErrorKind::ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable,
+        UpstreamSendState::NotSent,
+    ));
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        gateway_error_from_engine(&error),
+        GatewayError::new(
+            GatewayErrorKind::ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable,
+            "provider account infrastructure is temporarily unavailable"
+        )
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn no_eligible_provider_account_should_map_to_service_unavailable() {
     let error = EngineError::Provider(ProviderError::new(
@@ -181,16 +224,18 @@ fn no_eligible_provider_account_should_map_to_service_unavailable() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn sent_provider_unavailability_should_remain_bad_gateway() {
-    let error = EngineError::Provider(ProviderError::new(
-        ProviderErrorKind::Unavailable,
-        UpstreamSendState::Sent,
-    ));
+fn provider_unavailability_should_remain_bad_gateway_regardless_of_send_state() {
+    for send_state in [UpstreamSendState::NotSent, UpstreamSendState::Sent] {
+        let error = EngineError::Provider(ProviderError::new(
+            ProviderErrorKind::Unavailable,
+            send_state,
+        ));
 
-    assert_eq!(
-        gateway_error_from_engine(&error).kind(),
-        GatewayErrorKind::UpstreamUnavailable
-    );
+        assert_eq!(
+            gateway_error_from_engine(&error).kind(),
+            GatewayErrorKind::UpstreamUnavailable
+        );
+    }
 }
 
 #[test]

backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/openai/mod.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ mod models;
 mod responses;
 mod router;
 
-use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
 use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ use gateway_core::engine::admission::{
 use gateway_core::engine::continuation::{
     NativeContinuationPin, NativeContinuationPort, NativeContinuationStoreError, PreviousResponseId,
 };
-use gateway_core::engine::credential::{AccountSelectionPolicy, RotationStrategy};
+use gateway_core::engine::credential::{
+    AccountSelectionPolicy, ProviderAccountId, RotationStrategy,
+};
 use gateway_core::engine::execution::{
     AuthenticatedClient, ClientApiKeyUsageSink, DefaultExecutionService, ExecutionService,
     ProviderCircuitDecision, ProviderCircuitError, ProviderCircuitPort,
@@ -34,8 +36,8 @@ use gateway_core::lifecycle::{ConnectionDraining, ConnectionGuard, ConnectionLif
 use gateway_core::policy::{ClientApiKeyId, ClientPolicy, PlaintextClientApiKey, RateLimits};
 use gateway_core::routing::snapshot::RuntimeSnapshotHandle;
 use gateway_core::routing::{
-    ConfigRevision, ModelCapabilities, ProviderKind, ProviderModel, RuntimeSnapshot,
-    UpstreamModelId,
+    ClientRoutingScope, ConfigRevision, FrozenAccountScope, ModelCapabilities, ProviderKind,
+    ProviderModel, RuntimeAccount, RuntimeAccountDirectory, RuntimeSnapshot, UpstreamModelId,
 };
 
 pub(super) async fn api_router(execution: Arc<dyn ExecutionService>) -> axum::Router {
@@ -94,6 +96,10 @@ impl ClientApiKeyUsageSink for IgnoredClientApiKeyUsage {
 
 fn snapshot(plaintext: &str, provider_name: &str) -> RuntimeSnapshot {
     let provider = ProviderKind::new(provider_name).expect("provider");
+    let account_directory = Arc::new(RuntimeAccountDirectory::new(BTreeMap::from([(
+        ProviderAccountId::new("acct_api_test").expect("account ID"),
+        RuntimeAccount::new(provider.clone(), BTreeSet::new()),
+    )])));
     let capabilities = ModelCapabilities::new(
         BTreeSet::from([gateway_core::operation::OperationKind::Generate]),
         Some(16_000),
@@ -119,12 +125,16 @@ fn snapshot(plaintext: &str, provider_name: &str) -> RuntimeSnapshot {
         vec![ClientPolicy::new(
             ClientApiKeyId::new("key_api_test").expect("key ID"),
             PlaintextClientApiKey::new(plaintext).expect("plaintext key"),
-            provider,
+            Arc::new(FrozenAccountScope::new(
+                Arc::clone(&account_directory),
+                ClientRoutingScope::all_accounts(),
+            )),
             true,
             RateLimits::unlimited(),
         )],
     )
     .expect("runtime snapshot")
+    .with_account_directory(account_directory)
 }
 
 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -260,6 +270,7 @@ struct UnusedContinuation;
 impl NativeContinuationPort for UnusedContinuation {
     fn resolve<'a>(
         &'a self,
+        _: &'a ClientApiKeyId,
         _: &'a PreviousResponseId,
     ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<Option<NativeContinuationPin>, NativeContinuationStoreError>> {
         Box::pin(async { unreachable!("authentication fixture does not execute") })

backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/openai/responses/http.rs

@@ -533,9 +533,8 @@ async fn request_context_should_resolve_forwarded_precedence_and_peer_fallback()
             operation_kind: OperationKind::Generate,
             input: Some(json!("hello")),
             client_metadata: None,
-            protocol_context: Some(json!({
-                "opaque_request_headers": [["user-agent", "IENvZGV4LUNMSS8xLjAg"]]
-            })),
+            // 客户端 User-Agent 仅用于本地展示，不再透传给上游指纹上下文。
+            protocol_context: None,
             prompt_cache_key: None,
             previous_response_id: None,
         }

backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/openai/responses/mod.rs

@@ -288,6 +288,15 @@ fn decoder_should_preserve_ordinary_request_headers_as_opaque_multivalues() {
         "x-codex-installation-id",
         HeaderValue::from_static("client-installation"),
     );
+    headers.insert(
+        "x-oai-attestation",
+        HeaderValue::from_static("client-attestation"),
+    );
+    headers.insert("x-oai-is", HeaderValue::from_static("client-is"));
+    headers.insert(
+        "x-oai-is-update",
+        HeaderValue::from_static("client-is-update"),
+    );
 
     let decoded =
         decode_request_with_headers(br#"{"model":"smart-code","input":"hello"}"#, &headers)
@@ -321,8 +330,6 @@ fn decoder_should_preserve_ordinary_request_headers_as_opaque_multivalues() {
     for preserved in [
         "accept",
         "content-type",
-        "user-agent",
-        "originator",
         "x-openai-internal-codex-residency",
         "x-codex-turn-state",
     ] {
@@ -339,6 +346,12 @@ fn decoder_should_preserve_ordinary_request_headers_as_opaque_multivalues() {
         "chatgpt-account-id",
         "chatgpt-project-id",
         "x-codex-installation-id",
+        // 上游指纹由运行时画像统一生成，客户端不得覆盖。
+        "user-agent",
+        "originator",
+        "x-oai-attestation",
+        "x-oai-is",
+        "x-oai-is-update",
     ] {
         assert!(values(excluded).is_empty(), "unexpected {excluded}");
     }
@@ -438,10 +451,12 @@ fn decoder_should_not_reject_large_bodies_using_catalog_context_limits() {
     .to_string();
     let decoded = decode_request(body.as_bytes()).expect("large request should decode");
 
-    let plan = super::snapshot("sk_context_test", "openai")
+    let snapshot = super::snapshot("sk_context_test", "openai");
+    let plan = snapshot
         .plan(
             &PublicModelId::new(decoded.metadata().public_model()).expect("public model"),
             decoded.operation(),
+            snapshot.all_account_scope(),
             &RoutingContext::default(),
         )
         .expect("large body must not be locally context-gated");

backend/crates/gateway-core/src/accounting/mod.rs

@@ -39,6 +39,30 @@ impl Decimal {
             .filter(|value| *value <= MAX_SCALED_DECIMAL)
             .map(Self)
     }
+
+    /// 除以非零整数，保留最多十位小数。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn checked_div_u64(self, divisor: u64) -> Option<Self> {
+        let divisor = u128::from(divisor);
+        (divisor != 0)
+            .then(|| self.0.checked_div(divisor))
+            .flatten()
+            .and_then(|value| Self::from_scaled(value).ok())
+    }
+
+    /// 去尾零的 canonical 字符串，用于 wire 序列化。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn canonical(self) -> String {
+        let integer = self.0 / DECIMAL_SCALE;
+        let fraction = self.0 % DECIMAL_SCALE;
+        if fraction == 0 {
+            integer.to_string()
+        } else {
+            let fraction = format!("{fraction:010}");
+            let trimmed = fraction.trim_end_matches('0');
+            format!("{integer}.{trimmed}")
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl FromStr for Decimal {

backend/crates/gateway-core/src/engine/continuation.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use futures::future::BoxFuture;
 
 use crate::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId;
 use crate::operation::ProviderSessionState;
+use crate::policy::ClientApiKeyId;
 use crate::routing::ProviderKind;
 
 /// 客户端或 Provider 传递的 opaque response handle。
@@ -48,14 +49,15 @@ pub enum NativeContinuationScope {
 
 /// 从可丢失会话亲和存储恢复的 native previous-response pin。
 ///
-/// 该值不依赖调用方 API Key；它只阻止 native handle 与不透明 Provider state
-/// 被发送到错误的 Provider 或账号。
+/// 该值同时绑定调用方 API Key、Provider 与账号，阻止 native handle 和不透明
+/// Provider state 被跨租户或跨上游目标复用。
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct NativeContinuationPin {
     /// 客户端提交、用于查找可丢失会话亲和记录的 response ID。
     previous_response_id: PreviousResponseId,
     /// Provider 原生 response handle。
     upstream_response_id: PreviousResponseId,
+    client_api_key_id: ClientApiKeyId,
     provider: ProviderKind,
     account: ProviderAccountId,
     scope: NativeContinuationScope,
@@ -67,12 +69,14 @@ impl NativeContinuationPin {
     pub const fn new(
         previous_response_id: PreviousResponseId,
         upstream_response_id: PreviousResponseId,
+        client_api_key_id: ClientApiKeyId,
         provider: ProviderKind,
         account: ProviderAccountId,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             previous_response_id,
             upstream_response_id,
+            client_api_key_id,
             provider,
             account,
             scope: NativeContinuationScope::ConnectionLocal,
@@ -105,6 +109,16 @@ impl NativeContinuationPin {
         &self.upstream_response_id
     }
 
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn client_api_key_id(&self) -> &ClientApiKeyId {
+        &self.client_api_key_id
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn matches_client(&self, client_api_key_id: &ClientApiKeyId) -> bool {
+        self.client_api_key_id == *client_api_key_id
+    }
+
     #[must_use]
     pub const fn provider(&self) -> &ProviderKind {
         &self.provider
@@ -139,6 +153,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for NativeContinuationPin {
             .debug_struct("NativeContinuationPin")
             .field("previous_response_id", &"<redacted>")
             .field("upstream_response_id", &"<redacted>")
+            .field("client_api_key_id", &self.client_api_key_id)
             .field("provider", &self.provider)
             .field("account", &self.account)
             .field("scope", &self.scope)
@@ -190,17 +205,71 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ContinuationBinding {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
-#[error("native continuation store is unavailable")]
-pub struct NativeContinuationStoreError;
+/// Native continuation lookup 的稳定失败分类。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum NativeContinuationStoreErrorKind {
+    /// Redis 等可丢失协调存储暂不可用；调用方可以按外部 continuation fail-open。
+    Unavailable,
+    /// 存储中的记录无法还原为可信 pin；不得将原始 handle 继续透传上游。
+    InvalidData,
+    /// 已存在的记录属于另一个客户端 API Key；必须 fail closed。
+    OwnershipMismatch,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("native continuation store failed: {kind:?}: {detail}")]
+pub struct NativeContinuationStoreError {
+    kind: NativeContinuationStoreErrorKind,
+    detail: String,
+}
+
+impl NativeContinuationStoreError {
+    /// 构造可 fail-open 的协调存储不可用错误；`detail` 不应包含 response handle。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn unavailable(detail: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind: NativeContinuationStoreErrorKind::Unavailable,
+            detail: detail.into(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 构造必须 fail closed 的无效记录错误；`detail` 不应包含 response handle。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn invalid_data(detail: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind: NativeContinuationStoreErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            detail: detail.into(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 构造不泄露记录归属细节的跨调用方错误。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn ownership_mismatch() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind: NativeContinuationStoreErrorKind::OwnershipMismatch,
+            detail: "continuation belongs to a different client API key".to_owned(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn kind(&self) -> NativeContinuationStoreErrorKind {
+        self.kind
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn detail(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.detail
+    }
+}
 
 /// 可丢失的 previous-response 亲和存储端口。
 ///
-/// 亲和记录不按调用方 API Key 隔离：与旧版一样，response ID 是会话级 opaque
-/// handle；Redis 不可用或超时必须由调用方 fail-open。
+/// 亲和记录按调用方 API Key 隔离；Redis 不可用或超时必须由调用方 fail-open，
+/// 但命中其他 Key 的记录必须 fail closed。
 pub trait NativeContinuationPort: Send + Sync {
     fn resolve<'a>(
         &'a self,
+        client_api_key_id: &'a ClientApiKeyId,
         previous_response_id: &'a PreviousResponseId,
     ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<Option<NativeContinuationPin>, NativeContinuationStoreError>>;
 

backend/crates/gateway-core/src/engine/coordinator.rs

@@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ impl AccountSelection {
             Self::Diagnostic(account) => Some(account),
         }
     }
+
+    const fn is_diagnostic(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Diagnostic(_))
+    }
 }
 
 impl<S: ?Sized> AttemptCoordinator<S>
@@ -126,6 +130,15 @@ where
             .map(ProviderAccountStateOwner::from_continuation);
         let continuation_attempt =
             initial_continuation_attempt(&operation, &plan, continuation.as_ref());
+        let candidate_index = continuation
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(ContinuationBinding::pinned)
+            .map_or(Ok(0), |pin| {
+                plan.candidates()
+                    .iter()
+                    .position(|candidate| candidate.provider() == pin.provider())
+                    .ok_or(EngineError::ContinuationPinMismatch)
+            })?;
         let image_generation_requested = operation.image_generation_requested();
         let mut session = ResponseExecutionSession {
             engine: Arc::clone(&self.engine),
@@ -149,6 +162,7 @@ where
             account_state_owner,
             cancellation,
             attempts: 0,
+            candidate_index,
             excluded_accounts: BTreeSet::new(),
             credential_recovery_attempted_accounts: BTreeSet::new(),
             recovery_account: None,
@@ -165,8 +179,8 @@ where
             timings: ModelRequestTimings::default(),
             client_response_id: None,
             upstream_response_id: None,
-            last_account_exhaustion: None,
-            last_account_exhaustion_events: Vec::new(),
+            last_retryable_failure: None,
+            last_retryable_failure_events: Vec::new(),
             provider_attempt_outcomes: Vec::new(),
             pending_terminal_failure: None,
         };
@@ -225,6 +239,7 @@ pub struct ResponseExecutionSession<S: ?Sized> {
     account_state_owner: Option<ProviderAccountStateOwner>,
     cancellation: CancellationToken,
     attempts: u32,
+    candidate_index: usize,
     excluded_accounts: BTreeSet<crate::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId>,
     credential_recovery_attempted_accounts: BTreeSet<crate::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId>,
     /// 凭据恢复后的一次性同账号钉选；只约束紧随其后的 replay attempt，
@@ -245,9 +260,10 @@ pub struct ResponseExecutionSession<S: ?Sized> {
     timings: ModelRequestTimings,
     client_response_id: Option<String>,
     upstream_response_id: Option<String>,
-    last_account_exhaustion: Option<ProviderError>,
-    /// 最近一次账号耗尽在重试时被丢弃的原始失败批次；只用于后续空选路终态。
-    last_account_exhaustion_events: Vec<ProviderEvent>,
+    /// 最近一次为无感恢复而被丢弃的原始上游错误；只在后续空选路时成为终态。
+    last_retryable_failure: Option<ProviderError>,
+    /// 与 `last_retryable_failure` 同属一个 attempt 的原始失败批次。
+    last_retryable_failure_events: Vec<ProviderEvent>,
     provider_attempt_outcomes: Vec<ProviderAttemptOutcome>,
     /// 原子失败批次已交给协议层、但尚待下游提交后收敛的原 Provider 错误。
     pending_terminal_failure: Option<PendingTerminalFailure>,
@@ -460,6 +476,7 @@ where
             NativeContinuationPin::new(
                 previous_response_id,
                 upstream_response_id,
+                self.client_api_key_ref.clone(),
                 provider,
                 account,
             )
@@ -564,7 +581,7 @@ where
         if self.attempts >= self.plan.max_attempts().get() {
             return Err(EngineError::EmptyRoutingPlan);
         }
-        let Some(candidate) = self.plan.candidates().first().cloned() else {
+        let Some(candidate) = self.plan.candidates().get(self.candidate_index).cloned() else {
             let error = GatewayError::new(
                 GatewayErrorKind::NoAvailableProvider,
                 "no upstream Provider is available",
@@ -605,7 +622,8 @@ where
                 self.excluded_accounts.clone(),
                 pinned_account.clone(),
                 self.account_state_owner.clone(),
-            ),
+            )
+            .with_account_scope(Arc::clone(self.plan.account_scope())),
         }
         .with_credential_recovery_attempted(pinned_account.as_ref().is_some_and(|account| {
             self.credential_recovery_attempted_accounts
@@ -659,25 +677,47 @@ where
             ProviderBoundary::Result(result) => match *result {
                 Ok(stream) => stream,
                 Err(error) => {
-                    if error.kind() == ProviderErrorKind::NoEligibleAccount
-                        && let Some(exhaustion) = self.last_account_exhaustion.take()
+                    if self.prepare_unavailable_native_continuation_replay(&error) {
+                        return Ok(Some(PullOutcome::AttemptDiscarded));
+                    }
+                    if matches!(
+                        error.kind(),
+                        ProviderErrorKind::AccountCapacityUnavailable
+                            | ProviderErrorKind::NoEligibleAccount
+                            | ProviderErrorKind::ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable
+                    ) && error.send_state() == UpstreamSendState::NotSent
+                        && matches!(
+                            self.continuation_attempt,
+                            ContinuationAttempt::None | ContinuationAttempt::ReplayAny
+                        )
+                        && self.advance_provider_candidate()
+                    {
+                        return Ok(Some(PullOutcome::AttemptDiscarded));
+                    }
+                    if matches!(
+                        error.kind(),
+                        ProviderErrorKind::AccountCapacityUnavailable
+                            | ProviderErrorKind::NoEligibleAccount
+                    ) && let Some(last_failure) = self.last_retryable_failure.take()
                     {
                         let send_state = self.current_send_state();
-                        let mut events = std::mem::take(&mut self.last_account_exhaustion_events);
+                        let mut events = std::mem::take(&mut self.last_retryable_failure_events);
                         if !events.is_empty() {
                             self.observe_atomic_terminal_events(&mut events);
                             return Ok(Some(PullOutcome::TerminalFailure {
                                 events,
-                                error: exhaustion,
+                                error: last_failure,
                                 send_state,
                             }));
                         }
-                        self.finish_provider_error(&exhaustion).await?;
-                        return Err(provider_engine_error(exhaustion));
+                        self.finish_provider_error(&last_failure).await?;
+                        return Err(provider_engine_error(last_failure));
                     }
                     if !(matches!(
                         error.kind(),
-                        ProviderErrorKind::Unavailable | ProviderErrorKind::NoEligibleAccount
+                        ProviderErrorKind::AccountCapacityUnavailable
+                            | ProviderErrorKind::NoEligibleAccount
+                            | ProviderErrorKind::ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable
                     ) && error.send_state() == UpstreamSendState::NotSent)
                     {
                         self.record_provider_failure(candidate.provider().clone(), error.kind());
@@ -707,6 +747,27 @@ where
         }
 
         let metadata = stream.metadata().clone();
+        if !self.account_selection.is_diagnostic()
+            && metadata
+                .provider_account_id()
+                .is_none_or(|account| !candidate.account_scope().allows(account))
+        {
+            let error = GatewayError::new(
+                GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                "provider selected an account outside the frozen client scope",
+            );
+            self.finish_failure(FailureFinalization {
+                outcome: ExecutionOutcome::Failed,
+                send_state: self.current_send_state(),
+                error,
+                upstream_status_code: None,
+                provider_error_code: None,
+                retry_after_ms: None,
+                provider_response_id: None,
+            })
+            .await?;
+            return Err(EngineError::AccountOutsideClientScope);
+        }
         if pinned_account
             .as_ref()
             .is_some_and(|required| metadata.provider_account_id() != Some(required))
@@ -810,6 +871,17 @@ where
         Ok(None)
     }
 
+    fn advance_provider_candidate(&mut self) -> bool {
+        let Some(next) = self.candidate_index.checked_add(1) else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        if next >= self.plan.candidates().len() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        self.candidate_index = next;
+        true
+    }
+
     async fn observe_event(&mut self, event: &GatewayEvent) {
         self.observe_event_facts(event);
         self.mark_send_observed().await;
@@ -909,14 +981,10 @@ where
         &mut self,
         mut error: ProviderError,
     ) -> Result<StreamErrorOutcome, EngineError> {
-        // 原始 wire 只能活在本次决策栈内；后续 clone、attempt 记录与终态对象均只
-        // 接触已剥离的稳定错误字段。
+        // 原始 wire 只活在 request-local 决策状态；clone、attempt 记录与持久化终态
+        // 均只接触已剥离的稳定错误字段。
         let mut atomic_client_events = error.take_atomic_client_events();
         let current = self.current.take().ok_or(EngineError::NoActiveAttempt)?;
-        let account_exhausted = matches!(
-            error.kind(),
-            ProviderErrorKind::RateLimited | ProviderErrorKind::QuotaExhausted
-        );
         self.record_provider_failure(current.metadata.provider().clone(), error.kind());
         // attempt_send_state 是本 attempt 自身的发送事实，驱动重试门；
         // 持久化与终态用请求级水位，二者不可混用（水位会把早先 attempt 的
@@ -976,8 +1044,8 @@ where
             continuation_retry || same_account_retry || ordinary_retry || pre_delivery_retry;
 
         if retryable {
-            // 普通 clone 只保留稳定事实；原始失败响应只能随最后一次客户端可见
-            // 的账号耗尽错误继续，不能进入中间失败记录。
+            // 普通 clone 只保留稳定事实；原始 wire/HTTP response 由 request-local
+            // 所有权保留到下一次 attempt 成功，或最终空选路时返回客户端。
             let persistence_error = self.request_persisted.then(|| error.clone());
             if same_account_retry {
                 if let Some(account) = current.metadata.provider_account_id() {
@@ -992,10 +1060,8 @@ where
             {
                 self.excluded_accounts.insert(account.clone());
             }
-            if account_exhausted {
-                self.last_account_exhaustion_events = atomic_client_events;
-                self.last_account_exhaustion = Some(error);
-            }
+            self.last_retryable_failure_events = atomic_client_events;
+            self.last_retryable_failure = Some(error);
             if let Some(error) = persistence_error {
                 best_effort_store_write(
                     "record_intermediate_failure",
@@ -1096,6 +1162,41 @@ where
         true
     }
 
+    /// 原生续写的原账号在本地调度阶段已不可用时，改用完整输入重放。
+    ///
+    /// 这不是强制 Smart：下一次 attempt 仍使用请求配置的调度策略。只有网关持有
+    /// 对应 Provider 的可携带会话状态时，才可安全移除 native handle 并换号。
+    fn prepare_unavailable_native_continuation_replay(&mut self, error: &ProviderError) -> bool {
+        if self.account_selection.required_account().is_some()
+            || self.continuation_attempt != ContinuationAttempt::Native
+            || !matches!(
+                error.kind(),
+                ProviderErrorKind::NoEligibleAccount
+                    | ProviderErrorKind::AccountCapacityUnavailable
+            )
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let Some(pin) = self
+            .continuation
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(ContinuationBinding::pinned)
+        else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        if self
+            .operation
+            .provider_session_state(pin.provider().as_str())
+            .is_none()
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        self.continuation_attempt = ContinuationAttempt::ReplayAny;
+        self.excluded_accounts.insert(pin.account().clone());
+        true
+    }
+
     fn reset_uncommitted_observations(&mut self) {
         self.usage = Usage::new();
         self.cost = CostEstimate::unavailable();

backend/crates/gateway-core/src/engine/execution.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::net::IpAddr;
+use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
 
@@ -14,7 +15,8 @@ use crate::engine::admission::{
     ClientAdmissionDecision, ClientAdmissionPort, ClientAdmissionRejection, ClientAdmissionRequest,
 };
 use crate::engine::continuation::{
-    ContinuationBinding, NativeContinuationPin, NativeContinuationPort, PreviousResponseId,
+    ContinuationBinding, NativeContinuationPin, NativeContinuationPort,
+    NativeContinuationStoreErrorKind, PreviousResponseId,
 };
 use crate::engine::coordinator::ResponseExecutionSession;
 use crate::engine::probe::{
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ use crate::routing::{
 };
 
 const MODEL_REQUEST_DEADLINE: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10 * 60);
-const REDIS_COORDINATION_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
+const COORDINATION_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ClientTransport {
@@ -173,6 +175,22 @@ pub enum ProviderCircuitDecision {
 #[error("provider circuit store is unavailable")]
 pub struct ProviderCircuitError;
 
+/// Provider circuit 的可重建协调策略；由 Core 拥有并交给 Store adapter 执行。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ProviderCircuitPolicy {
+    pub failure_threshold: NonZeroU32,
+    pub open_duration: Duration,
+}
+
+impl Default for ProviderCircuitPolicy {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            failure_threshold: NonZeroU32::new(3).unwrap_or(NonZeroU32::MIN),
+            open_duration: Duration::from_secs(30),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub trait ProviderCircuitPort: Send + Sync {
     fn decision<'a>(
         &'a self,
@@ -244,23 +262,86 @@ impl DefaultExecutionService {
             })?;
         let request_id = new_request_id()?;
         let routing_context = self
-            .route_context(request.client.policy.provider_kind())
+            .route_context(request.client.policy.account_scope().provider_kinds())
             .await?;
         let plan = request
             .client
             .snapshot
-            .plan(&request.public_model, &request.operation, &routing_context)
+            .plan(
+                &request.public_model,
+                &request.operation,
+                Arc::clone(request.client.policy.account_scope()),
+                &routing_context,
+            )
             .map_err(map_routing_error)?;
         let continuation = match request.metadata.previous_response_id.as_ref() {
             Some(previous) => {
-                let resolve = self.continuation.resolve(previous).fuse();
-                let timeout = Delay::new(REDIS_COORDINATION_TIMEOUT).fuse();
+                let resolve = self
+                    .continuation
+                    .resolve(request.client.policy.key_id(), previous)
+                    .fuse();
+                let timeout = Delay::new(COORDINATION_TIMEOUT).fuse();
                 pin_mut!(resolve, timeout);
                 let pin = select_biased! {
-                    result = resolve => result.ok().flatten(),
+                    result = resolve => match result {
+                        Ok(pin) => pin,
+                        Err(error)
+                            if error.kind() == NativeContinuationStoreErrorKind::Unavailable =>
+                        {
+                            tracing::debug!(
+                                request_id = request_id.as_str(),
+                                %error,
+                                "Continuation affinity 查询失败，退化为外部续接"
+                            );
+                            None
+                        }
+                        Err(error)
+                            if error.kind()
+                                == NativeContinuationStoreErrorKind::OwnershipMismatch =>
+                        {
+                            return Err(GatewayError::new(
+                                GatewayErrorKind::PolicyDenied,
+                                "continuation does not belong to this client API key",
+                            ));
+                        }
+                        Err(error) => {
+                            tracing::warn!(
+                                request_id = request_id.as_str(),
+                                %error,
+                                "Continuation affinity 记录无效，已拒绝续接"
+                            );
+                            return Err(GatewayError::new(
+                                GatewayErrorKind::Internal,
+                                "continuation state is invalid",
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    },
                     _ = timeout => None,
                 };
                 match pin {
+                    Some(pin) if !pin.matches_client(request.client.policy.key_id()) => {
+                        return Err(GatewayError::new(
+                            GatewayErrorKind::PolicyDenied,
+                            "continuation does not belong to this client API key",
+                        ));
+                    }
+                    Some(pin) if !request.client.policy.account_scope().allows(pin.account()) => {
+                        return Err(GatewayError::new(
+                            GatewayErrorKind::PolicyDenied,
+                            "continuation account is outside the client account scope",
+                        ));
+                    }
+                    Some(pin)
+                        if !plan
+                            .candidates()
+                            .iter()
+                            .any(|candidate| candidate.provider() == pin.provider()) =>
+                    {
+                        return Err(GatewayError::new(
+                            GatewayErrorKind::NoAvailableProvider,
+                            "continuation provider is not available",
+                        ));
+                    }
                     Some(pin) => {
                         attach_continuation_session_state(&mut request.operation, &pin);
                         ContinuationBinding::Pinned(pin)
@@ -333,14 +414,19 @@ impl DefaultExecutionService {
             client_api_key_id: request.client.policy.key_id().clone(),
             model_request_id: request_id.clone(),
         };
-        let observation = self
-            .providers
-            .request_observation(request.client.policy.provider_kind(), &request.operation);
+        let observation = plan
+            .candidates()
+            .first()
+            .map_or_else(Default::default, |candidate| {
+                self.providers
+                    .request_observation(candidate.provider(), &request.operation)
+            });
         let new_request = NewModelRequest {
             id: request_id.clone(),
             client_api_key_id: Some(request.client.policy.key_id().clone()),
             client_api_key_ref: request.client.policy.key_id().clone(),
             config_revision: plan.config_revision(),
+            routing: request.client.policy.account_scope().routing_snapshot(),
             protocol: request.metadata.protocol,
             operation: request.operation.kind(),
             endpoint: request.metadata.endpoint,
@@ -390,38 +476,42 @@ impl DefaultExecutionService {
 
     async fn route_context(
         &self,
-        provider_kind: &ProviderKind,
+        provider_kinds: &BTreeSet<ProviderKind>,
     ) -> Result<RoutingContext, GatewayError> {
-        let decision = self.circuits.decision(provider_kind).fuse();
-        let timeout = Delay::new(REDIS_COORDINATION_TIMEOUT).fuse();
-        pin_mut!(decision, timeout);
-        let decision = select_biased! {
-            result = decision => Some(result),
-            _ = timeout => None,
-        };
-        let blocked_providers = match decision {
-            Some(Ok(ProviderCircuitDecision::Allow)) => BTreeSet::new(),
-            Some(Ok(ProviderCircuitDecision::BlockedUntil(_))) => {
-                BTreeSet::from([provider_kind.clone()])
+        let decisions = futures::future::join_all(provider_kinds.iter().map(|provider_kind| {
+            let circuits = Arc::clone(&self.circuits);
+            async move {
+                let decision = circuits.decision(provider_kind).fuse();
+                let timeout = Delay::new(COORDINATION_TIMEOUT).fuse();
+                pin_mut!(decision, timeout);
+                let decision = select_biased! {
+                    result = decision => Some(result),
+                    _ = timeout => None,
+                };
+                (provider_kind, decision)
             }
-            Some(Err(error)) => {
-                tracing::warn!(
+        }))
+        .await;
+        let mut blocked_providers = BTreeSet::new();
+        for (provider_kind, decision) in decisions {
+            match decision {
+                Some(Ok(ProviderCircuitDecision::BlockedUntil(_))) => {
+                    blocked_providers.insert(provider_kind.clone());
+                }
+                Some(Err(error)) => tracing::warn!(
                     provider = provider_kind.as_str(),
                     %error,
                     "Provider circuit 读取失败，按可重建协调状态 fail-open"
-                );
-                BTreeSet::new()
-            }
-            None => {
-                tracing::warn!(
+                ),
+                None => tracing::warn!(
                     provider = provider_kind.as_str(),
                     "Provider circuit 读取超时，按可重建协调状态 fail-open"
-                );
-                BTreeSet::new()
+                ),
+                Some(Ok(ProviderCircuitDecision::Allow)) => {}
             }
-        };
+        }
         Ok(RoutingContext {
-            provider_kind: Some(provider_kind.clone()),
+            required_provider: None,
             blocked_providers,
         })
     }
@@ -452,11 +542,16 @@ impl DefaultExecutionService {
                 GatewayError::new(GatewayErrorKind::Unsupported, "requested model is invalid")
             })?;
         let routing_context = RoutingContext {
-            provider_kind: Some(provider_kind),
+            required_provider: Some(provider_kind),
             ..RoutingContext::default()
         };
         let plan = snapshot
-            .plan(&public_model, &operation, &routing_context)
+            .plan(
+                &public_model,
+                &operation,
+                snapshot.all_account_scope(),
+                &routing_context,
+            )
             .map_err(map_routing_error)?;
         let started_at = SystemTime::now();
         let deadline_at = started_at
@@ -472,6 +567,7 @@ impl DefaultExecutionService {
             client_api_key_id: None,
             client_api_key_ref: actor,
             config_revision: plan.config_revision(),
+            routing: crate::routing::AccountRoutingSnapshot::all(),
             protocol: "admin_connection_test".to_owned(),
             operation: operation.kind(),
             endpoint: "/api/admin/accounts/connection-test".to_owned(),
@@ -666,19 +762,19 @@ impl ExecutionService for DefaultExecutionService {
     fn public_models(&self, client: &AuthenticatedClient) -> Vec<PublicModelId> {
         client
             .snapshot
-            .public_models_for_provider(client.policy.provider_kind())
+            .public_models_for_scope(client.policy.account_scope())
     }
 
     fn public_model_profiles(&self, client: &AuthenticatedClient) -> Vec<PublicModelProfile> {
         client
             .snapshot
-            .public_model_profiles_for_provider(client.policy.provider_kind())
+            .public_model_profiles_for_scope(client.policy.account_scope())
     }
 
     fn contains_public_model(&self, client: &AuthenticatedClient, model: &PublicModelId) -> bool {
         client
             .snapshot
-            .contains_public_model_for_provider(model, client.policy.provider_kind())
+            .contains_public_model_for_scope(model, client.policy.account_scope())
     }
 
     fn start(
@@ -933,17 +1029,28 @@ async fn record_native_continuation(
     continuation: &dyn NativeContinuationPort,
     pin: NativeContinuationPin,
 ) {
+    let provider = pin.provider().as_str().to_owned();
+    let account = pin.account().as_str().to_owned();
     let record = continuation.record(pin).fuse();
-    let timeout = Delay::new(REDIS_COORDINATION_TIMEOUT).fuse();
+    let timeout = Delay::new(COORDINATION_TIMEOUT).fuse();
     pin_mut!(record, timeout);
     select_biased! {
         result = record => {
             if let Err(error) = result {
-                tracing::warn!(%error, "Continuation affinity 写入失败，后续请求将退化为外部续接");
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    provider = %provider,
+                    account = %account,
+                    %error,
+                    "Continuation affinity 写入失败，后续请求将退化为外部续接"
+                );
             }
         },
         _ = timeout => {
-            tracing::warn!("Continuation affinity 后台写入超时，已丢弃本次亲和记录");
+            tracing::warn!(
+                provider = %provider,
+                account = %account,
+                "Continuation affinity 后台写入超时，已丢弃本次亲和记录"
+            );
         },
     }
 }
@@ -968,7 +1075,8 @@ fn new_request_id() -> Result<ModelRequestId, GatewayError> {
 
 fn map_routing_error(error: crate::error::RoutingError) -> GatewayError {
     match error {
-        crate::error::RoutingError::NoCapableProvider { .. } => GatewayError::new(
+        crate::error::RoutingError::NoCapableProvider { .. }
+        | crate::error::RoutingError::EmptyAccountScope => GatewayError::new(
             GatewayErrorKind::NoAvailableProvider,
             "no provider can execute this request",
         ),

backend/crates/gateway-core/src/engine/mod.rs

@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@ pub struct AccountAttemptContext {
     state_owner: Option<ProviderAccountStateOwner>,
     credential_recovery_attempted: bool,
     diagnostic_required_account: bool,
+    account_scope: Option<Arc<crate::routing::FrozenAccountScope>>,
 }
 
 impl AccountAttemptContext {
@@ -248,6 +249,7 @@ impl AccountAttemptContext {
             state_owner,
             credential_recovery_attempted: false,
             diagnostic_required_account: false,
+            account_scope: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -266,9 +268,17 @@ impl AccountAttemptContext {
             state_owner,
             credential_recovery_attempted: false,
             diagnostic_required_account: true,
+            account_scope: None,
         }
     }
 
+    /// 附着普通请求认证时冻结的账号范围。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_account_scope(mut self, scope: Arc<crate::routing::FrozenAccountScope>) -> Self {
+        self.account_scope = Some(scope);
+        self
+    }
+
     /// 标记本请求已对即将选择的固定账号执行过一次凭据恢复。
     #[must_use]
     pub const fn with_credential_recovery_attempted(mut self, attempted: bool) -> Self {
@@ -301,6 +311,11 @@ impl AccountAttemptContext {
     pub const fn is_diagnostic_required_account(&self) -> bool {
         self.diagnostic_required_account
     }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn account_scope(&self) -> Option<&Arc<crate::routing::FrozenAccountScope>> {
+        self.account_scope.as_ref()
+    }
 }
 
 /// 请求中 Provider 账号绑定状态的唯一归属。
@@ -506,6 +521,12 @@ impl AttemptContext {
         self.account.is_diagnostic_required_account()
     }
 
+    /// 普通请求认证时冻结的账号范围；管理端诊断为 `None`。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn account_scope(&self) -> Option<&Arc<crate::routing::FrozenAccountScope>> {
+        self.account.account_scope()
+    }
+
     #[must_use]
     pub const fn continuation(&self) -> Option<&ContinuationBinding> {
         self.continuation.as_ref()
@@ -529,6 +550,7 @@ pub struct NewModelRequest {
     pub client_api_key_id: Option<ClientApiKeyId>,
     pub client_api_key_ref: ClientApiKeyId,
     pub config_revision: ConfigRevision,
+    pub routing: crate::routing::AccountRoutingSnapshot,
     pub protocol: String,
     pub operation: OperationKind,
     pub endpoint: String,
@@ -749,6 +771,8 @@ pub enum EngineError {
     ContinuationPinMismatch,
     #[error("provider did not use the account required by this execution")]
     RequiredAccountMismatch,
+    #[error("provider selected an account outside the frozen client scope")]
+    AccountOutsideClientScope,
     #[error("provider execution failed")]
     Provider(ProviderError),
     #[error("request was cancelled")]

backend/crates/gateway-core/src/error.rs

@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ pub enum IdentifierError {
         /// 规定前缀。
         expected: &'static str,
     },
+    /// 标识不满足该领域值对象的固定格式。
+    #[error("identifier has an invalid format")]
+    InvalidFormat,
 }
 
 /// Operation 构造或校验失败。
@@ -67,6 +70,12 @@ pub enum RoutingError {
     /// 配置 revision 必须为正数。
     #[error("config revision must be greater than zero")]
     InvalidRevision,
+    /// Restricted scope 必须保留至少一个持久化分组 binding。
+    #[error("account routing scope is invalid")]
+    InvalidAccountScope,
+    /// Key 的账号范围中当前没有任何可参与路由的账号。
+    #[error("account routing scope is empty")]
+    EmptyAccountScope,
     /// 快照中存在重复实体。
     #[error("duplicate {entity} `{id}`")]
     DuplicateEntity {
@@ -129,8 +138,12 @@ pub enum ProviderErrorKind {
     RateLimited,
     /// Credential 配额耗尽。
     QuotaExhausted,
+    /// 仍有符合条件的账号，但它们暂时没有可调度容量。
+    AccountCapacityUnavailable,
     /// Provider 已确认当前请求无法选出可用账号。
     NoEligibleAccount,
+    /// Provider 的账号存储、租约协调或本地凭据数据不可用。
+    ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable,
     /// 请求超时。
     Timeout,
     /// 网络或 transport 失败。
@@ -156,7 +169,9 @@ impl ProviderErrorKind {
             Self::PermissionDenied => "permission_denied",
             Self::RateLimited => "rate_limited",
             Self::QuotaExhausted => "quota_exhausted",
+            Self::AccountCapacityUnavailable => "account_capacity_unavailable",
             Self::NoEligibleAccount => "no_eligible_account",
+            Self::ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable => "provider_infrastructure_unavailable",
             Self::Timeout => "timeout",
             Self::Transport => "transport",
             Self::Protocol => "protocol",
@@ -711,6 +726,10 @@ pub enum GatewayErrorKind {
     ModelNotFound,
     /// 当前没有可用 target。
     NoAvailableProvider,
+    /// 符合条件的上游账号暂时没有调度容量。
+    AccountCapacityUnavailable,
+    /// Provider 的本地账号基础设施不可用。
+    ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable,
     /// 上游限流。
     RateLimited,
     /// 上游暂不可用。
@@ -734,6 +753,8 @@ impl GatewayErrorKind {
             Self::PolicyDenied => "policy_denied",
             Self::ModelNotFound => "model_not_found",
             Self::NoAvailableProvider => "no_available_provider",
+            Self::AccountCapacityUnavailable => "account_capacity_unavailable",
+            Self::ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable => "provider_infrastructure_unavailable",
             Self::RateLimited => "rate_limited",
             Self::UpstreamUnavailable => "upstream_unavailable",
             Self::Timeout => "timeout",
@@ -782,10 +803,18 @@ impl GatewayError {
                 GatewayErrorKind::RateLimited,
                 "upstream capacity is temporarily unavailable",
             ),
+            ProviderErrorKind::AccountCapacityUnavailable => Self::new(
+                GatewayErrorKind::AccountCapacityUnavailable,
+                "all eligible upstream accounts are temporarily busy",
+            ),
             ProviderErrorKind::NoEligibleAccount => Self::new(
                 GatewayErrorKind::NoAvailableProvider,
                 "no upstream provider is currently available for this request",
             ),
+            ProviderErrorKind::ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable => Self::new(
+                GatewayErrorKind::ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable,
+                "provider account infrastructure is temporarily unavailable",
+            ),
             ProviderErrorKind::Timeout => {
                 Self::new(GatewayErrorKind::Timeout, "upstream request timed out")
             }

backend/crates/gateway-core/src/policy/mod.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 //! 下游 Client API Key 的准入策略。
 //!
-//! Client API Key 绑定一个 Provider 平台；模型名称不参与改写或 allowlist 判断。
+//! Client API Key 冻结账号分组权限；模型名称不参与权限判断。
 
 use std::fmt;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use crate::error::{IdentifierError, PolicyError, validate_text};
-use crate::routing::ProviderKind;
+use crate::routing::FrozenAccountScope;
 
 /// `client_api_keys.id` 的核心值对象。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ impl RateLimits {
 pub struct ClientPolicy {
     key_id: ClientApiKeyId,
     plaintext_key: PlaintextClientApiKey,
-    provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    account_scope: Arc<FrozenAccountScope>,
     enabled: bool,
     limits: RateLimits,
 }
@@ -98,14 +99,14 @@ impl ClientPolicy {
     pub const fn new(
         key_id: ClientApiKeyId,
         plaintext_key: PlaintextClientApiKey,
-        provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+        account_scope: Arc<FrozenAccountScope>,
         enabled: bool,
         limits: RateLimits,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             key_id,
             plaintext_key,
-            provider_kind,
+            account_scope,
             enabled,
             limits,
         }
@@ -122,8 +123,8 @@ impl ClientPolicy {
     }
 
     #[must_use]
-    pub const fn provider_kind(&self) -> &ProviderKind {
-        &self.provider_kind
+    pub const fn account_scope(&self) -> &Arc<FrozenAccountScope> {
+        &self.account_scope
     }
 
     #[must_use]

backend/crates/gateway-core/src/provider_ports/mod.rs

@@ -9,10 +9,11 @@ use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
 use futures::future::BoxFuture;
 
 use crate::engine::credential::{
-    AccountAvailability, AccountFeedbackStats, AccountRuntimeSignals, CredentialRevision,
+    AccountFeedbackStats, AccountRuntimeSignals, CredentialRevision, CredentialState,
     OpaqueProviderData, ProviderAccountId, ProviderAccountStore,
 };
 use crate::error::{IdentifierError, validate_text};
+use crate::policy::ClientApiKeyId;
 use crate::routing::{ProviderKind, UpstreamModelId};
 
 const MAX_PENDING_FLOW_TTL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30 * 60);
@@ -170,6 +171,7 @@ pub enum ProviderLeaseRequest {
 pub trait ProviderLeasePort: Send + Sync {
     fn load_state<'a>(
         &'a self,
+        client_api_key_id: &'a ClientApiKeyId,
         provider_kind: &'a ProviderKind,
         accounts: &'a [ProviderAccountId],
     ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<ProviderSchedulingState, ProviderStoreError>>;
@@ -405,13 +407,91 @@ pub trait ProviderCatalogCachePort: Send + Sync {
     ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<Option<OpaqueProviderData>, ProviderStoreError>>;
 }
 
+/// Provider 从官方制品核验出的可重建请求画像。
+///
+/// Core 只用单调制品序号约束覆盖顺序；具体版本字段由对应 Provider 放在
+/// `profile` 中解释。每个 Provider 在 Store 中只保留一份最新画像。
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ProviderArtifactProfile {
+    provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    artifact_sequence: u64,
+    verified_at: SystemTime,
+    profile: OpaqueProviderData,
+}
+
+impl ProviderArtifactProfile {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(
+        provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+        artifact_sequence: u64,
+        verified_at: SystemTime,
+        profile: OpaqueProviderData,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            provider_kind,
+            artifact_sequence,
+            verified_at,
+            profile,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn provider_kind(&self) -> &ProviderKind {
+        &self.provider_kind
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn artifact_sequence(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.artifact_sequence
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn verified_at(&self) -> SystemTime {
+        self.verified_at
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn profile(&self) -> &OpaqueProviderData {
+        &self.profile
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for ProviderArtifactProfile {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("ProviderArtifactProfile")
+            .field("provider_kind", &self.provider_kind)
+            .field("artifact_sequence", &self.artifact_sequence)
+            .field("verified_at", &self.verified_at)
+            .field("profile", &"[PROVIDER-OWNED]")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait ProviderArtifactProfileCachePort: Send + Sync {
+    /// 覆盖同一 Provider 的固定 cache key。
+    ///
+    /// 返回 `false` 表示 Store 已持有更高的制品序号；相同序号但内容不同必须返回
+    /// [`ProviderStoreErrorKind::Conflict`]，不能静默改写已核验画像。
+    fn replace_if_newer(
+        &self,
+        profile: ProviderArtifactProfile,
+        ttl: Duration,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<bool, ProviderStoreError>>;
+
+    fn read<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        provider_kind: &'a ProviderKind,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<Option<ProviderArtifactProfile>, ProviderStoreError>>;
+}
+
 /// Redis 中可重建的账号状态投影。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ProviderCredentialState {
     account_id: ProviderAccountId,
     credential_revision: CredentialRevision,
     enabled: bool,
-    availability: AccountAvailability,
+    credential_state: CredentialState,
     observed_at: SystemTime,
 }
 
@@ -421,14 +501,14 @@ impl ProviderCredentialState {
         account_id: ProviderAccountId,
         credential_revision: CredentialRevision,
         enabled: bool,
-        availability: AccountAvailability,
+        credential_state: CredentialState,
         observed_at: SystemTime,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             account_id,
             credential_revision,
             enabled,
-            availability,
+            credential_state,
             observed_at,
         }
     }
@@ -449,8 +529,8 @@ impl ProviderCredentialState {
     }
 
     #[must_use]
-    pub const fn availability(&self) -> AccountAvailability {
-        self.availability
+    pub const fn credential_state(&self) -> CredentialState {
+        self.credential_state
     }
 
     #[must_use]
@@ -635,6 +715,13 @@ pub trait ProviderCooldownPort: Send + Sync {
         scope: &'a ProviderCooldownScope,
         through_revision: CredentialRevision,
     ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<bool, ProviderStoreError>>;
+
+    /// 删除账号时清除该账号全部 account/model scope cooldown key。
+    /// 生命周期与 credential revision 无关；不要求调用方持有 revision。
+    fn clear_all<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        account_id: &'a ProviderAccountId,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<bool, ProviderStoreError>>;
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -667,22 +754,20 @@ impl ProviderRefreshPolicy {
         self.concurrency
     }
 
-    /// 按配置的精确提前量计算刷新时刻。
-    pub fn next_attempt_at(
+    /// 判断 AT 是否已经进入当前配置的提前刷新窗口。
+    ///
+    /// `margin` 是运行时策略，不投影为账号的持久化时间字段；已过期 AT 也需要
+    /// 尝试用 RT 恢复，因此视为到期。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn is_refresh_due(
         self,
-        _account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
         access_token_expires_at: SystemTime,
         observed_at: SystemTime,
-    ) -> Result<SystemTime, ProviderStoreError> {
-        let remaining = access_token_expires_at
-            .duration_since(observed_at)
-            .map_err(|_| invalid_refresh_policy("schedule expired access token"))?;
-        if self.margin >= remaining {
-            return Ok(observed_at);
+    ) -> bool {
+        match access_token_expires_at.duration_since(observed_at) {
+            Ok(remaining) => remaining <= self.margin,
+            Err(_) => true,
         }
-        access_token_expires_at
-            .checked_sub(self.margin)
-            .ok_or_else(|| invalid_refresh_policy("schedule access token refresh"))
     }
 }
 
@@ -939,6 +1024,7 @@ pub struct ProviderStorePorts {
     session_exclusions: Arc<dyn ProviderSessionExclusionPort>,
     account_feedback: Arc<AccountFeedbackStats>,
     catalog_cache: Arc<dyn ProviderCatalogCachePort>,
+    artifact_profiles: Arc<dyn ProviderArtifactProfileCachePort>,
     credential_state: Arc<dyn ProviderCredentialStatePort>,
     cooldowns: Arc<dyn ProviderCooldownPort>,
     runtime_policy: Arc<dyn ProviderRuntimePolicyPort>,
@@ -955,6 +1041,7 @@ impl ProviderStorePorts {
         session_affinity: Arc<dyn ProviderSessionAffinityPort>,
         session_exclusions: Arc<dyn ProviderSessionExclusionPort>,
         catalog_cache: Arc<dyn ProviderCatalogCachePort>,
+        artifact_profiles: Arc<dyn ProviderArtifactProfileCachePort>,
         credential_state: Arc<dyn ProviderCredentialStatePort>,
         cooldowns: Arc<dyn ProviderCooldownPort>,
         runtime_policy: Arc<dyn ProviderRuntimePolicyPort>,
@@ -967,6 +1054,7 @@ impl ProviderStorePorts {
             session_exclusions,
             account_feedback: Arc::new(AccountFeedbackStats::default()),
             catalog_cache,
+            artifact_profiles,
             credential_state,
             cooldowns,
             runtime_policy,
@@ -1004,6 +1092,11 @@ impl ProviderStorePorts {
         Arc::clone(&self.catalog_cache)
     }
 
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn artifact_profiles(&self) -> Arc<dyn ProviderArtifactProfileCachePort> {
+        Arc::clone(&self.artifact_profiles)
+    }
+
     #[must_use]
     pub fn credential_state(&self) -> Arc<dyn ProviderCredentialStatePort> {
         Arc::clone(&self.credential_state)

backend/crates/gateway-core/src/routing/mod.rs

@@ -9,12 +9,293 @@ use std::fmt;
 use std::num::{NonZeroU32, NonZeroU64};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use crate::engine::credential::AccountSelectionPolicy;
+use crate::engine::credential::{AccountSelectionPolicy, ProviderAccountId};
 use crate::error::{IdentifierError, RoutingError, validate_text};
 use crate::operation::{CapabilityRequirements, Feature, OperationKind};
 
 const MAX_REQUEST_ATTEMPTS: u32 = 32;
 
+/// `account_groups.id` 的核心值对象。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct AccountGroupId(String);
+
+impl AccountGroupId {
+    /// 校验并创建账号分组 ID。
+    pub fn new(value: impl Into<String>) -> Result<Self, IdentifierError> {
+        let value = value.into();
+        let Some(suffix) = value.strip_prefix("grp_") else {
+            return Err(IdentifierError::MissingPrefix { expected: "grp_" });
+        };
+        if suffix.len() != 32
+            || !suffix
+                .bytes()
+                .all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_digit() || (b'a'..=b'f').contains(&byte))
+        {
+            return Err(IdentifierError::InvalidFormat);
+        }
+        Ok(Self(value))
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for AccountGroupId {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str(&self.0)
+    }
+}
+
+/// 快照中一个账号的 Provider 与分组归属。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct RuntimeAccount {
+    provider_kind: ProviderKind,
+    group_ids: Arc<BTreeSet<AccountGroupId>>,
+}
+
+impl RuntimeAccount {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(provider_kind: ProviderKind, group_ids: BTreeSet<AccountGroupId>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            provider_kind,
+            group_ids: Arc::new(group_ids),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn provider_kind(&self) -> &ProviderKind {
+        &self.provider_kind
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn group_ids(&self) -> &BTreeSet<AccountGroupId> {
+        &self.group_ids
+    }
+}
+
+/// 全快照共享的账号、Provider 与分组反向索引。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct RuntimeAccountDirectory {
+    accounts: BTreeMap<ProviderAccountId, RuntimeAccount>,
+    providers_with_accounts: BTreeSet<ProviderKind>,
+    providers_by_group: BTreeMap<AccountGroupId, BTreeSet<ProviderKind>>,
+}
+
+impl RuntimeAccountDirectory {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(accounts: BTreeMap<ProviderAccountId, RuntimeAccount>) -> Self {
+        let mut providers_with_accounts = BTreeSet::new();
+        let mut providers_by_group = BTreeMap::<AccountGroupId, BTreeSet<ProviderKind>>::new();
+        for account in accounts.values() {
+            providers_with_accounts.insert(account.provider_kind.clone());
+            for group_id in account.group_ids.iter() {
+                providers_by_group
+                    .entry(group_id.clone())
+                    .or_default()
+                    .insert(account.provider_kind.clone());
+            }
+        }
+        Self {
+            accounts,
+            providers_with_accounts,
+            providers_by_group,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn account(&self, account_id: &ProviderAccountId) -> Option<&RuntimeAccount> {
+        self.accounts.get(account_id)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn providers_with_accounts(&self) -> &BTreeSet<ProviderKind> {
+        &self.providers_with_accounts
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn providers_for_groups<'a>(
+        &self,
+        group_ids: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'a AccountGroupId>,
+    ) -> BTreeSet<ProviderKind> {
+        group_ids
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter_map(|group_id| self.providers_by_group.get(group_id))
+            .flatten()
+            .cloned()
+            .collect()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 历史请求保存的账号范围种类。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AccountRoutingScopeKind {
+    All,
+    Groups,
+}
+
+impl AccountRoutingScopeKind {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::All => "all",
+            Self::Groups => "groups",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 请求开始时冻结的分组 ID 与名称。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct RoutingGroupSnapshot {
+    id: AccountGroupId,
+    name: String,
+}
+
+impl RoutingGroupSnapshot {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(id: AccountGroupId, name: String) -> Self {
+        Self { id, name }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn id(&self) -> &AccountGroupId {
+        &self.id
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+
+/// 请求历史所需的完整、稳定账号范围快照。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct AccountRoutingSnapshot {
+    kind: AccountRoutingScopeKind,
+    groups: Arc<[RoutingGroupSnapshot]>,
+}
+
+impl AccountRoutingSnapshot {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn all() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind: AccountRoutingScopeKind::All,
+            groups: Arc::from([]),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn groups(groups: Vec<RoutingGroupSnapshot>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind: AccountRoutingScopeKind::Groups,
+            groups: Arc::from(groups),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn kind(&self) -> AccountRoutingScopeKind {
+        self.kind
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn groups_snapshot(&self) -> &[RoutingGroupSnapshot] {
+        &self.groups
+    }
+}
+
+/// Key 持久 binding 编译出的账号权限。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ClientRoutingScope {
+    AllAccounts,
+    Restricted {
+        bound_groups: Arc<[RoutingGroupSnapshot]>,
+        enabled_group_ids: Arc<BTreeSet<AccountGroupId>>,
+        provider_kinds: Arc<BTreeSet<ProviderKind>>,
+    },
+}
+
+impl ClientRoutingScope {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn all_accounts() -> Self {
+        Self::AllAccounts
+    }
+
+    pub fn restricted(
+        bound_groups: Vec<RoutingGroupSnapshot>,
+        enabled_group_ids: BTreeSet<AccountGroupId>,
+        provider_kinds: BTreeSet<ProviderKind>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, RoutingError> {
+        if bound_groups.is_empty() {
+            return Err(RoutingError::InvalidAccountScope);
+        }
+        Ok(Self::Restricted {
+            bound_groups: Arc::from(bound_groups),
+            enabled_group_ids: Arc::new(enabled_group_ids),
+            provider_kinds: Arc::new(provider_kinds),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// 一次认证随 RuntimeSnapshot 冻结的账号目录与 Key 权限。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct FrozenAccountScope {
+    directory: Arc<RuntimeAccountDirectory>,
+    client_scope: ClientRoutingScope,
+}
+
+impl FrozenAccountScope {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(
+        directory: Arc<RuntimeAccountDirectory>,
+        client_scope: ClientRoutingScope,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            directory,
+            client_scope,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn allows(&self, account_id: &ProviderAccountId) -> bool {
+        let Some(account) = self.directory.account(account_id) else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        match &self.client_scope {
+            ClientRoutingScope::AllAccounts => true,
+            ClientRoutingScope::Restricted {
+                enabled_group_ids, ..
+            } => account
+                .group_ids()
+                .iter()
+                .any(|group_id| enabled_group_ids.contains(group_id)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn provider_kinds(&self) -> &BTreeSet<ProviderKind> {
+        match &self.client_scope {
+            ClientRoutingScope::AllAccounts => self.directory.providers_with_accounts(),
+            ClientRoutingScope::Restricted { provider_kinds, .. } => provider_kinds,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn routing_snapshot(&self) -> AccountRoutingSnapshot {
+        match &self.client_scope {
+            ClientRoutingScope::AllAccounts => AccountRoutingSnapshot::all(),
+            ClientRoutingScope::Restricted { bound_groups, .. } => {
+                AccountRoutingSnapshot::groups(bound_groups.to_vec())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn directory(&self) -> &Arc<RuntimeAccountDirectory> {
+        &self.directory
+    }
+}
+
 /// 编译进二进制的 Provider adapter slug。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub struct ProviderKind(String);
@@ -494,8 +775,8 @@ impl ProviderModel {
 /// 本次请求选择 Provider 时使用的动态过滤事实。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
 pub struct RoutingContext {
-    /// 已认证 Client API Key 绑定的平台；模型名称不参与平台猜测。
-    pub provider_kind: Option<ProviderKind>,
+    /// 管理端 connection test 显式限制的 Provider；普通请求留空。
+    pub required_provider: Option<ProviderKind>,
     pub blocked_providers: BTreeSet<ProviderKind>,
 }
 
@@ -505,6 +786,7 @@ pub struct ProviderCandidate {
     provider: ProviderKind,
     upstream_model: UpstreamModelId,
     emulated_features: BTreeSet<Feature>,
+    account_scope: Arc<FrozenAccountScope>,
 }
 
 impl ProviderCandidate {
@@ -522,6 +804,11 @@ impl ProviderCandidate {
     pub const fn emulated_features(&self) -> &BTreeSet<Feature> {
         &self.emulated_features
     }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn account_scope(&self) -> &Arc<FrozenAccountScope> {
+        &self.account_scope
+    }
 }
 
 /// 一次请求冻结的 Provider 尝试顺序。
@@ -532,6 +819,7 @@ pub struct RoutingPlan {
     public_model: PublicModelId,
     operation: OperationKind,
     max_attempts: NonZeroU32,
+    account_scope: Arc<FrozenAccountScope>,
     candidates: Arc<[ProviderCandidate]>,
 }
 
@@ -561,6 +849,11 @@ impl RoutingPlan {
         self.max_attempts
     }
 
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn account_scope(&self) -> &Arc<FrozenAccountScope> {
+        &self.account_scope
+    }
+
     #[must_use]
     pub fn candidates(&self) -> &[ProviderCandidate] {
         &self.candidates

backend/crates/gateway-core/src/routing/snapshot.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use futures::{FutureExt as _, Stream, StreamExt as _, pin_mut, select_biased};
 use futures_timer::Delay;
 
 use crate::engine::CancellationToken;
-use crate::engine::credential::{AccountSelectionPolicy, RotationStrategy};
+use crate::engine::credential::{AccountSelectionPolicy, ProviderAccountId, RotationStrategy};
 use crate::engine::provider::{ProviderCatalogGeneration, ProviderRegistry};
 use crate::error::RoutingError;
 use crate::health::{HealthProbe, HealthState};
@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ use crate::task::{
 };
 
 use super::{
-    ConfigRevision, ModelCapabilities, ProviderCandidate, ProviderKind, ProviderModel,
-    PublicModelId, RoutingContext, RoutingPlan, UpstreamModelId,
+    AccountGroupId, ClientRoutingScope, ConfigRevision, FrozenAccountScope, ModelCapabilities,
+    ProviderCandidate, ProviderKind, ProviderModel, PublicModelId, RoutingContext,
+    RoutingGroupSnapshot, RoutingPlan, RuntimeAccount, RuntimeAccountDirectory, UpstreamModelId,
 };
 
 const RECONCILIATION_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ impl SnapshotSettingsFacts {
 pub struct SnapshotClientPolicyFacts {
     key_id: ClientApiKeyId,
     plaintext_key: PlaintextClientApiKey,
-    provider_kind: String,
+    group_ids: Vec<AccountGroupId>,
     limits: RateLimits,
 }
 
@@ -75,18 +76,67 @@ impl SnapshotClientPolicyFacts {
     pub fn new(
         key_id: ClientApiKeyId,
         plaintext_key: PlaintextClientApiKey,
-        provider_kind: impl Into<String>,
+        group_ids: Vec<AccountGroupId>,
         limits: RateLimits,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             key_id,
             plaintext_key,
-            provider_kind: provider_kind.into(),
+            group_ids,
             limits,
         }
     }
 }
 
+/// Store 读取到的账号分组事实。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SnapshotAccountGroupFacts {
+    id: AccountGroupId,
+    name: String,
+    enabled: bool,
+}
+
+impl SnapshotAccountGroupFacts {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(id: AccountGroupId, name: String, enabled: bool) -> Self {
+        Self { id, name, enabled }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Store 读取到的账号及其固有 Provider 事实。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SnapshotProviderAccountFacts {
+    account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+    provider_kind: String,
+}
+
+impl SnapshotProviderAccountFacts {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(account_id: ProviderAccountId, provider_kind: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            account_id,
+            provider_kind: provider_kind.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Store 读取到的一条分组成员关系。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SnapshotAccountGroupMemberFacts {
+    group_id: AccountGroupId,
+    account_id: ProviderAccountId,
+}
+
+impl SnapshotAccountGroupMemberFacts {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(group_id: AccountGroupId, account_id: ProviderAccountId) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            group_id,
+            account_id,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// 一次一致性读取产生的全部 RuntimeSnapshot 持久事实。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct SnapshotFacts {
@@ -94,6 +144,9 @@ pub struct SnapshotFacts {
     observed_current_revision: ConfigRevision,
     settings: SnapshotSettingsFacts,
     client_policies: Vec<SnapshotClientPolicyFacts>,
+    account_groups: Vec<SnapshotAccountGroupFacts>,
+    provider_accounts: Vec<SnapshotProviderAccountFacts>,
+    group_memberships: Vec<SnapshotAccountGroupMemberFacts>,
 }
 
 impl SnapshotFacts {
@@ -103,12 +156,18 @@ impl SnapshotFacts {
         observed_current_revision: ConfigRevision,
         settings: SnapshotSettingsFacts,
         client_policies: Vec<SnapshotClientPolicyFacts>,
+        account_groups: Vec<SnapshotAccountGroupFacts>,
+        provider_accounts: Vec<SnapshotProviderAccountFacts>,
+        group_memberships: Vec<SnapshotAccountGroupMemberFacts>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             config_revision,
             observed_current_revision,
             settings,
             client_policies,
+            account_groups,
+            provider_accounts,
+            group_memberships,
         }
     }
 
@@ -223,13 +282,16 @@ async fn compile_runtime_snapshot(
     providers: &ProviderRegistry,
 ) -> Result<RuntimeSnapshot, RuntimeSnapshotCompileError> {
     let provider_kinds = providers.provider_kinds().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let registered_providers = provider_kinds.iter().cloned().collect::<BTreeSet<_>>();
 
-    // 实时目录只提供公开模型与能力提示；查询失败时保留 Provider 透传语义。
+    // 目录查询失败表示未知；查询成功后，即使为空，也必须与“已知缺少模型”区分。
     let mut provider_models = Vec::new();
+    let mut known_provider_catalogs = BTreeSet::new();
     for provider in &provider_kinds {
         let Ok(models) = providers.query_model_capabilities(provider).await else {
             continue;
         };
+        known_provider_catalogs.insert(provider.clone());
         provider_models.extend(models.into_iter().map(|model| {
             let compiled = ProviderModel::new(
                 provider.clone(),
@@ -243,35 +305,107 @@ async fn compile_runtime_snapshot(
         }));
     }
 
+    let mut groups = BTreeMap::new();
+    for group in facts.account_groups {
+        if group.name.trim() != group.name
+            || group.name.is_empty()
+            || group.name.chars().count() > 100
+            || group.name.chars().any(char::is_control)
+            || groups.insert(group.id.clone(), group).is_some()
+        {
+            return Err(RuntimeSnapshotCompileError::InvalidData);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut account_groups = BTreeMap::<ProviderAccountId, BTreeSet<AccountGroupId>>::new();
+    let mut accounts = BTreeMap::new();
+    for account in facts.provider_accounts {
+        let provider_kind = ProviderKind::new(account.provider_kind)
+            .map_err(|_| RuntimeSnapshotCompileError::InvalidData)?;
+        if !registered_providers.contains(&provider_kind)
+            || accounts
+                .insert(
+                    account.account_id.clone(),
+                    RuntimeAccount::new(provider_kind, BTreeSet::new()),
+                )
+                .is_some()
+        {
+            return Err(RuntimeSnapshotCompileError::InvalidData);
+        }
+        account_groups.insert(account.account_id, BTreeSet::new());
+    }
+    let mut memberships = BTreeSet::new();
+    for membership in facts.group_memberships {
+        if !groups.contains_key(&membership.group_id)
+            || !accounts.contains_key(&membership.account_id)
+            || !memberships.insert((membership.group_id.clone(), membership.account_id.clone()))
+        {
+            return Err(RuntimeSnapshotCompileError::InvalidData);
+        }
+        account_groups
+            .get_mut(&membership.account_id)
+            .ok_or(RuntimeSnapshotCompileError::InvalidData)?
+            .insert(membership.group_id);
+    }
+    for (account_id, group_ids) in account_groups {
+        let account = accounts
+            .get_mut(&account_id)
+            .ok_or(RuntimeSnapshotCompileError::InvalidData)?;
+        *account = RuntimeAccount::new(account.provider_kind().clone(), group_ids);
+    }
+    let account_directory = Arc::new(RuntimeAccountDirectory::new(accounts));
+
     let model_mappings = facts.settings.model_mappings;
-    let rotation_strategy = match facts.settings.rotation_strategy.as_str() {
-        "smart" => RotationStrategy::Smart,
-        "quota_reset_priority" => RotationStrategy::QuotaResetPriority,
-        "round_robin" => RotationStrategy::RoundRobin,
-        "sticky" => RotationStrategy::Sticky,
-        _ => return Err(RuntimeSnapshotCompileError::InvalidData),
-    };
+    let rotation_strategy = RotationStrategy::parse(facts.settings.rotation_strategy.as_str())
+        .ok_or(RuntimeSnapshotCompileError::InvalidData)?;
     let selection_policy = AccountSelectionPolicy::new(
         rotation_strategy,
         NonZeroU32::new(facts.settings.max_concurrent_per_account)
             .ok_or(RuntimeSnapshotCompileError::InvalidData)?,
         Duration::from_millis(facts.settings.request_interval_ms),
     );
-    let client_policies = facts
-        .client_policies
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|policy| {
-            let provider = ProviderKind::new(policy.provider_kind)
-                .map_err(|_| RuntimeSnapshotCompileError::InvalidData)?;
-            Ok(ClientPolicy::new(
-                policy.key_id,
-                policy.plaintext_key,
-                provider,
-                true,
-                policy.limits,
-            ))
-        })
-        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, RuntimeSnapshotCompileError>>()?;
+    let mut client_policies = Vec::with_capacity(facts.client_policies.len());
+    for policy in facts.client_policies {
+        let account_scope = if policy.group_ids.is_empty() {
+            FrozenAccountScope::new(
+                Arc::clone(&account_directory),
+                ClientRoutingScope::all_accounts(),
+            )
+        } else {
+            let mut seen = BTreeSet::new();
+            let mut bound_groups = Vec::with_capacity(policy.group_ids.len());
+            let mut enabled_group_ids = BTreeSet::new();
+            for group_id in policy.group_ids {
+                if !seen.insert(group_id.clone()) {
+                    return Err(RuntimeSnapshotCompileError::InvalidData);
+                }
+                let group = groups
+                    .get(&group_id)
+                    .ok_or(RuntimeSnapshotCompileError::InvalidData)?;
+                bound_groups.push(RoutingGroupSnapshot::new(
+                    group.id.clone(),
+                    group.name.clone(),
+                ));
+                if group.enabled {
+                    enabled_group_ids.insert(group_id);
+                }
+            }
+            bound_groups.sort_by(|left, right| left.id().cmp(right.id()));
+            let provider_kinds = account_directory.providers_for_groups(&enabled_group_ids);
+            FrozenAccountScope::new(
+                Arc::clone(&account_directory),
+                ClientRoutingScope::restricted(bound_groups, enabled_group_ids, provider_kinds)
+                    .map_err(|_| RuntimeSnapshotCompileError::InvalidData)?,
+            )
+        };
+        client_policies.push(ClientPolicy::new(
+            policy.key_id,
+            policy.plaintext_key,
+            Arc::new(account_scope),
+            true,
+            policy.limits,
+        ));
+    }
 
     RuntimeSnapshot::new(
         facts.config_revision,
@@ -281,7 +415,12 @@ async fn compile_runtime_snapshot(
         client_policies,
     )
     .map_err(|_| RuntimeSnapshotCompileError::InvalidData)
-    .map(|snapshot| snapshot.with_model_mappings(model_mappings))
+    .map(|snapshot| {
+        snapshot
+            .with_model_mappings(model_mappings)
+            .with_account_directory(account_directory)
+            .with_known_provider_catalogs(known_provider_catalogs)
+    })
 }
 
 /// 数据面使用的不可变配置快照。
@@ -295,6 +434,8 @@ pub struct RuntimeSnapshot {
         Arc<BTreeMap<ProviderKind, BTreeMap<UpstreamModelId, super::ModelPresentation>>>,
     model_mappings: Arc<BTreeMap<String, String>>,
     provider_catalog_generations: Arc<BTreeMap<ProviderKind, ProviderCatalogGeneration>>,
+    known_provider_catalogs: Arc<BTreeSet<ProviderKind>>,
+    account_directory: Arc<RuntimeAccountDirectory>,
     client_policies: Arc<BTreeMap<ClientApiKeyId, ClientPolicy>>,
 }
 
@@ -317,6 +458,7 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {
             }
         }
 
+        let mut known_provider_catalogs = BTreeSet::new();
         let mut model_map =
             BTreeMap::<ProviderKind, BTreeMap<UpstreamModelId, ModelCapabilities>>::new();
         let mut presentation_map =
@@ -328,6 +470,7 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {
                 capabilities,
                 presentation,
             } = model;
+            known_provider_catalogs.insert(provider.clone());
             if !provider_set.contains(&provider) {
                 return Err(RoutingError::NotFound {
                     entity: "provider",
@@ -372,6 +515,8 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {
             provider_model_presentations: Arc::new(presentation_map),
             model_mappings: Arc::new(BTreeMap::new()),
             provider_catalog_generations: Arc::new(BTreeMap::new()),
+            known_provider_catalogs: Arc::new(known_provider_catalogs),
+            account_directory: Arc::new(RuntimeAccountDirectory::default()),
             client_policies: Arc::new(client_policy_map),
         })
     }
@@ -382,6 +527,26 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {
         self
     }
 
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_account_directory(mut self, directory: Arc<RuntimeAccountDirectory>) -> Self {
+        self.account_directory = directory;
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    fn with_known_provider_catalogs(mut self, providers: BTreeSet<ProviderKind>) -> Self {
+        self.known_provider_catalogs = Arc::new(providers);
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn all_account_scope(&self) -> Arc<FrozenAccountScope> {
+        Arc::new(FrozenAccountScope::new(
+            Arc::clone(&self.account_directory),
+            ClientRoutingScope::all_accounts(),
+        ))
+    }
+
     #[must_use]
     fn with_provider_catalog_generations(
         mut self,
@@ -464,8 +629,39 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {
             .collect()
     }
 
-    /// 已取得目录时按目录与全局别名判断模型可用性；目录暂不可用时沿用旧版
-    /// fail-open 语义，把具体 wire 可接受性留给上游。
+    /// 合并冻结账号范围内实际存在 Provider 的公开模型。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn public_models_for_scope(&self, scope: &FrozenAccountScope) -> Vec<PublicModelId> {
+        scope
+            .provider_kinds()
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|provider| self.public_models_for_provider(provider))
+            .collect::<BTreeSet<_>>()
+            .into_iter()
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    /// 合并冻结账号范围内实际存在 Provider 的公开模型画像。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn public_model_profiles_for_scope(
+        &self,
+        scope: &FrozenAccountScope,
+    ) -> Vec<super::PublicModelProfile> {
+        let mut profiles = BTreeMap::new();
+        for provider in scope.provider_kinds() {
+            for profile in self.public_model_profiles_for_provider(provider) {
+                profiles
+                    .entry(profile.model().clone())
+                    .or_insert_with(|| profile.presentation().clone());
+            }
+        }
+        profiles
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(model, presentation)| super::PublicModelProfile::new(model, presentation))
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    /// 已取得目录时以映射后的上游模型为准；目录不可用时由 Provider 在发送前判定。
     #[must_use]
     pub fn contains_public_model_for_provider(
         &self,
@@ -475,17 +671,25 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {
         if !self.providers.contains(provider) {
             return false;
         }
-        if self.model_mappings.contains_key(public_model.as_str()) {
-            return true;
-        }
+        let upstream_model = self.mapped_model(public_model.as_str());
         match self.provider_models.get(provider) {
-            Some(models) if !models.is_empty() => models
-                .keys()
-                .any(|model| model.as_str() == public_model.as_str()),
-            Some(_) | None => true,
+            Some(models) => models.keys().any(|model| model.as_str() == upstream_model),
+            None => !self.known_provider_catalogs.contains(provider),
         }
     }
 
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn contains_public_model_for_scope(
+        &self,
+        public_model: &PublicModelId,
+        scope: &FrozenAccountScope,
+    ) -> bool {
+        scope
+            .provider_kinds()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|provider| self.contains_public_model_for_provider(public_model, provider))
+    }
+
     #[must_use]
     pub fn mapped_model(&self, requested: &str) -> String {
         let original = requested;
@@ -511,14 +715,26 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {
         &self,
         public_model: &PublicModelId,
         operation: &Operation,
+        account_scope: Arc<FrozenAccountScope>,
         context: &RoutingContext,
     ) -> Result<RoutingPlan, RoutingError> {
         let requirements = operation.capability_requirements();
         let mut candidates = Vec::new();
 
-        for provider in self.providers.iter() {
+        if context.required_provider.is_none() && account_scope.provider_kinds().is_empty() {
+            return Err(RoutingError::EmptyAccountScope);
+        }
+
+        let providers = context.required_provider.as_ref().map_or_else(
+            || account_scope.provider_kinds().clone(),
+            |provider| BTreeSet::from([provider.clone()]),
+        );
+        for provider in &providers {
+            if !self.providers.contains(provider) {
+                continue;
+            }
             if context
-                .provider_kind
+                .required_provider
                 .as_ref()
                 .is_some_and(|expected| expected != provider)
                 || context.blocked_providers.contains(provider)
@@ -544,12 +760,14 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {
                     };
                     emulated
                 }
+                None if self.known_provider_catalogs.contains(provider) => continue,
                 None => BTreeSet::new(),
             };
             candidates.push(ProviderCandidate {
                 provider: provider.clone(),
                 upstream_model,
                 emulated_features,
+                account_scope: Arc::clone(&account_scope),
             });
         }
 
@@ -566,6 +784,7 @@ impl RuntimeSnapshot {
             operation: operation.kind(),
             max_attempts: NonZeroU32::new(super::MAX_REQUEST_ATTEMPTS)
                 .expect("constant request attempt limit is non-zero"),
+            account_scope,
             candidates: Arc::from(candidates),
         })
     }

backend/crates/gateway-core/src/task/mod.rs

@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ pub enum WorkerKind {
     StaleModelRequestRecovery,
     Retention,
     OpsFlush,
+    Backup,
 }
 
 impl WorkerKind {
-    pub const ALL: [Self; 7] = [
+    pub const ALL: [Self; 8] = [
         Self::OAuthRefresh,
         Self::QuotaCatalogHealth,
         Self::RuntimeSnapshotReconciliation,
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ impl WorkerKind {
         Self::StaleModelRequestRecovery,
         Self::Retention,
         Self::OpsFlush,
+        Self::Backup,
     ];
 
     #[must_use]
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ impl WorkerKind {
             Self::StaleModelRequestRecovery => "stale_model_request_recovery",
             Self::Retention => "retention",
             Self::OpsFlush => "ops_flush",
+            Self::Backup => "backup",
         }
     }
 }

backend/crates/gateway-core/tests/accounting/mod.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,22 @@ fn decimal_should_render_with_database_scale() {
     assert_eq!(decimal.to_string(), "12.3400000000");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn decimal_canonical_should_strip_trailing_zeroes() {
+    assert_eq!(Decimal::from_str("12.34").unwrap().canonical(), "12.34");
+    assert_eq!(Decimal::from_str("12").unwrap().canonical(), "12");
+    assert_eq!(Decimal::from_str("0").unwrap().canonical(), "0");
+    assert_eq!(Decimal::from_str("1.0000000000").unwrap().canonical(), "1");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn decimal_div_u64_should_keep_up_to_ten_fraction_digits() {
+    let decimal = Decimal::from_str("10").unwrap();
+    let third = decimal.checked_div_u64(3).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(third.canonical(), "3.3333333333");
+    assert_eq!(decimal.checked_div_u64(0), None);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn provider_usd_ticks_should_map_exactly_to_decimal_scale() {
     let estimate = ProviderReportedCost::from_usd_ticks(12_345_678_901)

backend/crates/gateway-core/tests/engine/continuation.rs

@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@ use gateway_core::engine::continuation::{
     ContinuationBinding, NativeContinuationPin, PreviousResponseId,
 };
 use gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId;
+use gateway_core::policy::ClientApiKeyId;
 use gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind;
 
 fn pin() -> NativeContinuationPin {
     NativeContinuationPin::new(
         PreviousResponseId::new("response-private"),
         PreviousResponseId::new("upstream-private"),
+        ClientApiKeyId::new("key_client").expect("valid client key"),
         ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("valid provider"),
         ProviderAccountId::new("acct_codex").expect("valid account"),
     )
@@ -43,3 +45,8 @@ fn native_pin_should_reject_different_account() {
         &ProviderAccountId::new("acct_other").expect("valid account"),
     ));
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn native_pin_should_reject_different_client_api_key() {
+    assert!(!pin().matches_client(&ClientApiKeyId::new("key_other").expect("valid client key")));
+}

backend/crates/gateway-core/tests/engine/coordinator.rs

@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@ use gateway_core::engine::{
     ProviderAttemptOutcome, RecoveryReport, UpstreamSendState,
 };
 use gateway_core::error::{
-    ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse, ContinuationFailure, GatewayErrorKind, OpaqueUpstreamValue,
-    ProviderError, ProviderErrorKind, StoreError, StoreErrorKind,
+    ClientVisibleUpstreamError, ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse, ContinuationFailure,
+    GatewayErrorKind, OpaqueUpstreamValue, ProviderError, ProviderErrorKind, StoreError,
+    StoreErrorKind,
 };
 use gateway_core::event::{
     ContentItem, ContentKind, GatewayEvent, ProtocolWireEvent, ProviderEvent,
@@ -42,8 +43,9 @@ use gateway_core::operation::{
 };
 use gateway_core::policy::ClientApiKeyId;
 use gateway_core::routing::{
-    ConfigRevision, ModelCapabilities, ProviderKind, ProviderModel, PublicModelId, RoutingContext,
-    RoutingPlan, RuntimeSnapshot, UpstreamModelId,
+    AccountRoutingSnapshot, ClientRoutingScope, ConfigRevision, FrozenAccountScope,
+    ModelCapabilities, ProviderKind, ProviderModel, PublicModelId, RoutingContext, RoutingPlan,
+    RuntimeAccount, RuntimeAccountDirectory, RuntimeSnapshot, UpstreamModelId,
 };
 use serde_json::{Map, Value, json};
 
@@ -512,17 +514,52 @@ fn image_stream(image_output_tokens: Option<u64>) -> Vec<Result<GatewayEvent, Pr
 }
 
 fn plan(operation: &Operation) -> RoutingPlan {
-    let provider = ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider");
-    let public_model = PublicModelId::new("gpt-5").expect("public model");
-    let capabilities = ModelCapabilities::new(BTreeSet::from([operation.kind()]), Some(32_000))
-        .with_upstream_feature_validation();
-    RuntimeSnapshot::new(
-        ConfigRevision::new(1).expect("config revision"),
+    plan_with_policy(
+        operation,
         AccountSelectionPolicy::new(
             RotationStrategy::Smart,
             NonZeroU32::new(2).expect("account concurrency"),
             Duration::from_millis(50),
         ),
+    )
+}
+
+fn plan_with_policy(
+    operation: &Operation,
+    account_selection_policy: AccountSelectionPolicy,
+) -> RoutingPlan {
+    let provider = ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider");
+    let public_model = PublicModelId::new("gpt-5").expect("public model");
+    let capabilities = ModelCapabilities::new(BTreeSet::from([operation.kind()]), Some(32_000))
+        .with_upstream_feature_validation();
+    let directory = Arc::new(RuntimeAccountDirectory::new(
+        [
+            "acct_failed",
+            "acct_first",
+            "acct_image",
+            "acct_observation_mismatch",
+            "acct_observed",
+            "acct_one",
+            "acct_only",
+            "acct_other",
+            "acct_required",
+            "acct_second",
+            "acct_tool",
+            "acct_two",
+            "acct_wrong",
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|id| {
+            (
+                ProviderAccountId::new(id).expect("account"),
+                RuntimeAccount::new(provider.clone(), BTreeSet::new()),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect(),
+    ));
+    let snapshot = RuntimeSnapshot::new(
+        ConfigRevision::new(1).expect("config revision"),
+        account_selection_policy,
         vec![provider.clone()],
         vec![ProviderModel::new(
             provider.clone(),
@@ -532,15 +569,21 @@ fn plan(operation: &Operation) -> RoutingPlan {
         Vec::new(),
     )
     .expect("snapshot")
-    .plan(
-        &public_model,
-        operation,
-        &RoutingContext {
-            provider_kind: Some(provider),
-            ..RoutingContext::default()
-        },
-    )
-    .expect("routing plan")
+    .with_account_directory(Arc::clone(&directory));
+    snapshot
+        .plan(
+            &public_model,
+            operation,
+            Arc::new(FrozenAccountScope::new(
+                directory,
+                ClientRoutingScope::all_accounts(),
+            )),
+            &RoutingContext {
+                required_provider: Some(provider),
+                ..RoutingContext::default()
+            },
+        )
+        .expect("routing plan")
 }
 
 fn model_request(operation: &Operation, deadline: SystemTime) -> NewModelRequest {
@@ -550,6 +593,7 @@ fn model_request(operation: &Operation, deadline: SystemTime) -> NewModelRequest
         client_api_key_id: Some(client_key.clone()),
         client_api_key_ref: client_key,
         config_revision: ConfigRevision::new(1).expect("config revision"),
+        routing: AccountRoutingSnapshot::all(),
         protocol: "openai".to_owned(),
         operation: operation.kind(),
         endpoint: "responses".to_owned(),
@@ -1343,6 +1387,7 @@ fn authenticated_native_continuation_reaches_every_attempt_context() {
     let continuation = NativeContinuationPin::new(
         PreviousResponseId::new("previous-secret-id"),
         PreviousResponseId::new("provider-native-id"),
+        ClientApiKeyId::new("key_client_1").expect("client key"),
         ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider"),
         ProviderAccountId::new("acct_one").expect("account"),
     );
@@ -1400,6 +1445,7 @@ fn streaming_native_continuation_delivers_started_event_before_later_output() {
     let continuation = NativeContinuationPin::new(
         PreviousResponseId::new("previous-response"),
         PreviousResponseId::new("upstream-response"),
+        ClientApiKeyId::new("key_client_1").expect("client key"),
         ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider"),
         ProviderAccountId::new("acct_one").expect("account"),
     );
@@ -1476,6 +1522,7 @@ fn native_continuation_replays_owner_before_safely_switching_account() {
     let continuation = NativeContinuationPin::new(
         PreviousResponseId::new("previous-secret-id"),
         PreviousResponseId::new("provider-native-id"),
+        ClientApiKeyId::new("key_client_1").expect("client key"),
         ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider"),
         ProviderAccountId::new("acct_one").expect("account"),
     );
@@ -1513,6 +1560,71 @@ fn native_continuation_replays_owner_before_safely_switching_account() {
     );
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn unavailable_native_continuation_replays_with_the_configured_account_policy() {
+    let Operation::Generate(generate) = generate_operation() else {
+        panic!("generate operation");
+    };
+    let operation = Operation::Generate(generate.with_provider_session_state(
+        ProviderSessionState::new("openai", Map::new()).expect("provider session state"),
+    ));
+    let policy = AccountSelectionPolicy::new(
+        RotationStrategy::RoundRobin,
+        NonZeroU32::new(2).expect("account concurrency"),
+        Duration::from_millis(50),
+    );
+    let route_plan = plan_with_policy(&operation, policy);
+    let (coordinator, store, provider) = coordinator(vec![
+        Script::Error(ProviderError::new(
+            ProviderErrorKind::NoEligibleAccount,
+            UpstreamSendState::NotSent,
+        )),
+        Script::Stream {
+            account_id: "acct_two",
+            items: complete_stream(None),
+        },
+    ]);
+    let original = ProviderAccountId::new("acct_one").expect("account");
+    let continuation = NativeContinuationPin::new(
+        PreviousResponseId::new("previous-response"),
+        PreviousResponseId::new("upstream-response"),
+        ClientApiKeyId::new("key_client_1").expect("client key"),
+        ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider"),
+        original.clone(),
+    );
+
+    let mut session = block_on(coordinator.start(
+        model_request(&operation, SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(30)),
+        operation,
+        route_plan,
+        None,
+        Some(ContinuationBinding::Pinned(continuation)),
+        CancellationToken::new(),
+    ))
+    .expect("start execution");
+    block_on(session.collect_uncommitted()).expect("portable replay succeeds");
+    block_on(session.commit_downstream(Some(200))).expect("commit response");
+
+    let contexts = provider.contexts.lock().expect("contexts lock");
+    assert_eq!(contexts.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(
+        contexts[0].continuation_attempt(),
+        ContinuationAttempt::Native
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        contexts[1].continuation_attempt(),
+        ContinuationAttempt::ReplayAny
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        contexts[1].account_selection_policy().strategy(),
+        RotationStrategy::RoundRobin
+    );
+    assert!(contexts[1].excluded_accounts().contains(&original));
+    let state = store.state.lock().expect("store lock");
+    assert_eq!(state.attempts.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(state.finalizations[0].outcome, ExecutionOutcome::Succeeded);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn diagnostic_account_reaches_provider_and_matching_metadata_succeeds() {
     let operation = operation(RetrySafety::Idempotent);
@@ -2423,6 +2535,7 @@ fn native_continuation_explicit_429_is_not_retried() {
     let continuation = NativeContinuationPin::new(
         PreviousResponseId::new("previous-secret-id"),
         PreviousResponseId::new("provider-native-id"),
+        ClientApiKeyId::new("key_client_1").expect("client key"),
         ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider"),
         ProviderAccountId::new("acct_first").expect("account"),
     );
@@ -2554,6 +2667,128 @@ fn pre_delivery_transport_failure_rotates_account_for_non_idempotent_generation(
     assert_eq!(state.finalizations[0].outcome, ExecutionOutcome::Succeeded);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn final_capacity_exhaustion_returns_the_last_retryable_upstream_failure() {
+    let operation = operation(RetrySafety::NonIdempotent);
+    let route_plan = plan(&operation);
+    let raw_body = Bytes::from_static(b"{\"error\":\"last upstream body\"}\x00");
+    let upstream_error =
+        ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::Transport, UpstreamSendState::Ambiguous)
+            .with_pre_delivery_retry()
+            .with_client_visible_upstream_error(ClientVisibleUpstreamError::new(
+                "message too big",
+                Some("1009".to_owned()),
+                Some("websocket_close_error".to_owned()),
+            ))
+            .with_client_visible_upstream_response(ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse::new(
+                502,
+                Some(b"application/json".to_vec()),
+                raw_body.clone(),
+            ));
+    let (coordinator, store, provider) = coordinator(vec![
+        Script::Stream {
+            account_id: "acct_first",
+            items: vec![Err(upstream_error)],
+        },
+        Script::Error(ProviderError::new(
+            ProviderErrorKind::AccountCapacityUnavailable,
+            UpstreamSendState::NotSent,
+        )),
+    ]);
+
+    let mut session = block_on(coordinator.start(
+        model_request(&operation, SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(30)),
+        operation,
+        route_plan,
+        None,
+        None,
+        CancellationToken::new(),
+    ))
+    .expect("start execution");
+    let error = block_on(session.collect_uncommitted())
+        .expect_err("empty selection must return the retained upstream failure");
+    let EngineError::Provider(error) = error else {
+        panic!("expected retained provider error");
+    };
+
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), ProviderErrorKind::Transport);
+    let detail = error
+        .client_visible_upstream_error()
+        .expect("structured upstream detail");
+    assert_eq!(detail.message(), "message too big");
+    assert_eq!(detail.code(), Some("1009"));
+    assert_eq!(detail.error_type(), Some("websocket_close_error"));
+    let response = error
+        .client_visible_upstream_response()
+        .expect("original upstream response");
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), 502);
+    assert_eq!(response.body(), &raw_body);
+
+    assert_eq!(provider.contexts.lock().expect("contexts lock").len(), 2);
+    let state = store.state.lock().expect("store lock");
+    assert_eq!(state.intermediate_failures, 1);
+    assert_eq!(state.finalizations[0].outcome, ExecutionOutcome::Failed);
+    assert_eq!(
+        state.finalizations[0].send_state,
+        UpstreamSendState::Ambiguous
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn provider_infrastructure_failure_does_not_restore_the_last_upstream_failure() {
+    let operation = operation(RetrySafety::NonIdempotent);
+    let route_plan = plan(&operation);
+    let upstream_error =
+        ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::Transport, UpstreamSendState::Ambiguous)
+            .with_pre_delivery_retry()
+            .with_client_visible_upstream_error(ClientVisibleUpstreamError::new(
+                "upstream marker",
+                Some("upstream_marker".to_owned()),
+                Some("upstream_error".to_owned()),
+            ))
+            .with_client_visible_upstream_response(ClientVisibleUpstreamResponse::new(
+                502,
+                Some(b"application/json".to_vec()),
+                Bytes::from_static(b"{\"error\":\"upstream marker\"}"),
+            ));
+    let (coordinator, store, provider) = coordinator(vec![
+        Script::Stream {
+            account_id: "acct_first",
+            items: vec![Err(upstream_error)],
+        },
+        Script::Error(ProviderError::new(
+            ProviderErrorKind::ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable,
+            UpstreamSendState::NotSent,
+        )),
+    ]);
+
+    let mut session = block_on(coordinator.start(
+        model_request(&operation, SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(30)),
+        operation,
+        route_plan,
+        None,
+        None,
+        CancellationToken::new(),
+    ))
+    .expect("start execution");
+    let error = block_on(session.collect_uncommitted())
+        .expect_err("provider infrastructure failure must remain terminal");
+    let EngineError::Provider(error) = error else {
+        panic!("expected provider error");
+    };
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        error.kind(),
+        ProviderErrorKind::ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable
+    );
+    assert!(error.client_visible_upstream_error().is_none());
+    assert!(error.client_visible_upstream_response().is_none());
+    assert_eq!(provider.contexts.lock().expect("contexts lock").len(), 2);
+    let state = store.state.lock().expect("store lock");
+    assert_eq!(state.intermediate_failures, 1);
+    assert_eq!(state.finalizations[0].outcome, ExecutionOutcome::Failed);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn pre_delivery_retry_marker_is_ignored_after_downstream_commit() {
     let operation = operation(RetrySafety::NonIdempotent);

backend/crates/gateway-core/tests/engine/credential.rs

@@ -1,30 +1,39 @@
-use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
 use std::num::NonZeroU32;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
 
 use serde_json::{Map, Value};
 
 use gateway_core::engine::credential::{
-    AccountAttemptFeedback, AccountAvailability, AccountAvailabilityPolicy, AccountCandidate,
+    AccountAttemptFeedback, AccountCandidate, AccountConcurrencyLimit, AccountEligibilityPolicy,
     AccountFeedbackStats, AccountQuotaSignals, AccountRuntimeSignals, AccountSchedulingBlocker,
-    AccountSelectionContext, AccountSelectionPolicy, AccountSelector, CredentialCasUpdate,
-    CredentialRevision, OpaqueProviderData, PlaintextCredential, PreferredAccountSelection,
-    ProviderAccount, ProviderAccountId, ProviderAccountIdentity, ProviderAccountUpdate,
-    RotationStrategy,
+    AccountSelectionContext, AccountSelectionPolicy, AccountSelector, AccountStatus, AccountWeight,
+    CredentialCasUpdate, CredentialRevision, CredentialState, OpaqueProviderData,
+    PlaintextCredential, PreferredAccountSelection, ProviderAccount, ProviderAccountId,
+    ProviderAccountIdentity, ProviderAccountUpdate, QuotaEvidence, QuotaState, RotationStrategy,
+};
+use gateway_core::routing::{
+    ClientRoutingScope, FrozenAccountScope, ProviderKind, RuntimeAccount, RuntimeAccountDirectory,
 };
-use gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind;
 
 fn account(id: &str) -> ProviderAccount {
     ProviderAccount::new(
         ProviderAccountId::new(id).expect("valid account"),
         ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("valid provider"),
         id.to_owned(),
-        format!("user-{id}"),
+        Some(format!("user-{id}")),
         "oauth".to_owned(),
         CredentialRevision::new(1).expect("valid revision"),
         Some(SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(3600)),
     )
-    .with_runtime_state(true, AccountAvailability::Ready, None)
+    .with_account_facts(
+        true,
+        CredentialState::Ready,
+        QuotaState::unknown(),
+        None,
+        None,
+    )
 }
 
 fn candidate(id: &str, in_flight: u32, remaining: Option<u64>) -> AccountCandidate {
@@ -35,12 +44,50 @@ fn candidate(id: &str, in_flight: u32, remaining: Option<u64>) -> AccountCandida
             last_started_at: None,
             quota_reset_at: None,
             quota_remaining_rank: remaining,
+            rate_limited_until: None,
             failure_rate_basis_points: None,
             first_output_latency_ms: None,
         },
     }
 }
 
+fn candidate_with_concurrency(id: &str, in_flight: u32, concurrency: u32) -> AccountCandidate {
+    let mut candidate = candidate(id, in_flight, Some(100));
+    candidate.account = candidate.account.with_scheduling(
+        Some(AccountConcurrencyLimit::new(concurrency).expect("concurrency override")),
+        AccountWeight::DEFAULT,
+    );
+    candidate
+}
+
+fn weighted_candidate(id: &str, weight: u16, in_flight: u32) -> AccountCandidate {
+    let mut candidate = candidate(id, in_flight, None);
+    candidate.account = candidate.account.with_scheduling(
+        None,
+        AccountWeight::new(weight).expect("valid account weight"),
+    );
+    candidate
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn account_scheduling_should_default_and_resolve_concurrency_override() {
+    let default = NonZeroU32::new(12).expect("default concurrency");
+    let account = account("acct_scheduling_default");
+    assert_eq!(account.concurrency_limit(), None);
+    assert_eq!(account.weight(), AccountWeight::DEFAULT);
+    assert_eq!(account.effective_concurrency(default), default);
+
+    let limit = AccountConcurrencyLimit::new(7).expect("concurrency override");
+    let weight = AccountWeight::new(80).expect("weight");
+    let account = account.with_scheduling(Some(limit), weight);
+    assert_eq!(account.concurrency_limit(), Some(limit));
+    assert_eq!(account.weight(), weight);
+    assert_eq!(account.effective_concurrency(default).get(), 7);
+    assert!(AccountConcurrencyLimit::new(0).is_none());
+    assert!(AccountWeight::new(0).is_none());
+    assert!(AccountWeight::new(101).is_none());
+}
+
 fn context(strategy: RotationStrategy) -> AccountSelectionContext {
     AccountSelectionContext {
         policy: AccountSelectionPolicy::new(
@@ -52,10 +99,24 @@ fn context(strategy: RotationStrategy) -> AccountSelectionContext {
         excluded_accounts: BTreeSet::new(),
         preferred_account: None,
         round_robin_cursor: 0,
-        availability: AccountAvailabilityPolicy::Enforce,
+        eligibility: AccountEligibilityPolicy::Enforce,
+        account_scope: None,
     }
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn rotation_strategy_parse_should_round_trip_stable_wire_values() {
+    for strategy in [
+        RotationStrategy::Smart,
+        RotationStrategy::QuotaResetPriority,
+        RotationStrategy::RoundRobin,
+        RotationStrategy::Sticky,
+    ] {
+        assert_eq!(RotationStrategy::parse(strategy.as_str()), Some(strategy));
+    }
+    assert_eq!(RotationStrategy::parse("unknown"), None);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn plaintext_credential_debug_should_redact_values() {
     let mut object = Map::new();
@@ -87,19 +148,67 @@ fn provider_account_identity_debug_should_redact_upstream_ids() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn availability_should_round_trip_all_database_values() {
+fn account_fact_values_should_round_trip() {
     assert_eq!(
-        AccountAvailability::parse(AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted.as_str()),
-        Some(AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted)
+        CredentialState::parse(CredentialState::Banned.as_str()),
+        Some(CredentialState::Banned)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        QuotaEvidence::parse("provider_denied"),
+        Some(QuotaEvidence::ProviderDenied)
     );
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn diagnostic_selection_bypasses_all_local_account_availability() {
+fn exhausted_quota_refresh_is_due_at_reset_or_provider_fallback() {
+    let now = SystemTime::now();
+    let observed_at = now - Duration::from_secs(60);
+    let before_reset = QuotaState::exhausted(
+        QuotaEvidence::ProviderDenied,
+        observed_at,
+        Some(now + Duration::from_secs(1)),
+    );
+    let after_reset = QuotaState::exhausted(
+        QuotaEvidence::ProviderDenied,
+        observed_at,
+        Some(now - Duration::from_secs(1)),
+    );
+    let without_reset = QuotaState::exhausted(QuotaEvidence::ProviderDenied, observed_at, None);
+
+    assert!(!before_reset.exhaustion_refresh_due(now, Duration::from_secs(30)));
+    assert!(after_reset.exhaustion_refresh_due(now, Duration::from_secs(30)));
+    assert!(without_reset.exhaustion_refresh_due(now, Duration::from_secs(30)));
+    assert!(!without_reset.exhaustion_refresh_due(now, Duration::from_secs(120)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn inconclusive_quota_observation_cannot_erase_confirmed_access() {
+    let now = SystemTime::now();
+    let exhausted = QuotaState::exhausted(QuotaEvidence::ProviderDenied, now, None);
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        exhausted
+            .merge_observation(QuotaState::observed_unknown(now + Duration::from_secs(1)))
+            .access(),
+        gateway_core::engine::credential::QuotaAccessState::Exhausted
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        exhausted
+            .merge_observation(QuotaState::allowed(now + Duration::from_secs(1)))
+            .access(),
+        gateway_core::engine::credential::QuotaAccessState::Allowed
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn diagnostic_selection_bypasses_all_local_account_eligibility() {
+    let observed_at = SystemTime::now();
     let exhausted = AccountCandidate {
-        account: account("acct_exhausted").with_runtime_state(
+        account: account("acct_exhausted").with_account_facts(
             true,
-            AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted,
+            CredentialState::Ready,
+            QuotaState::exhausted(QuotaEvidence::ProviderDenied, observed_at, None),
+            None,
             None,
         ),
         signals: AccountRuntimeSignals {
@@ -107,14 +216,17 @@ fn diagnostic_selection_bypasses_all_local_account_availability() {
             last_started_at: None,
             quota_reset_at: None,
             quota_remaining_rank: None,
+            rate_limited_until: None,
             failure_rate_basis_points: None,
             first_output_latency_ms: None,
         },
     };
     let disabled = AccountCandidate {
-        account: account("acct_disabled").with_runtime_state(
+        account: account("acct_disabled").with_account_facts(
             false,
-            AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted,
+            CredentialState::Ready,
+            QuotaState::exhausted(QuotaEvidence::ProviderDenied, observed_at, None),
+            None,
             None,
         ),
         signals: AccountRuntimeSignals {
@@ -122,12 +234,13 @@ fn diagnostic_selection_bypasses_all_local_account_availability() {
             last_started_at: None,
             quota_reset_at: None,
             quota_remaining_rank: None,
+            rate_limited_until: None,
             failure_rate_basis_points: None,
             first_output_latency_ms: None,
         },
     };
     let mut context = context(RotationStrategy::Sticky);
-    context.availability = AccountAvailabilityPolicy::BypassForDiagnostic;
+    context.eligibility = AccountEligibilityPolicy::BypassForDiagnostic;
 
     assert_eq!(
         AccountSelector
@@ -143,33 +256,92 @@ fn diagnostic_selection_bypasses_all_local_account_availability() {
     );
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn selector_should_reject_a_preferred_account_outside_the_frozen_client_scope() {
+    let allowed = candidate("acct_allowed", 0, None);
+    let outside = candidate("acct_outside", 0, None);
+    let directory = Arc::new(RuntimeAccountDirectory::new(BTreeMap::from([(
+        allowed.account.id().clone(),
+        RuntimeAccount::new(
+            ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider"),
+            BTreeSet::new(),
+        ),
+    )])));
+    let mut context = context(RotationStrategy::Sticky);
+    context.preferred_account = Some(outside.account.id().clone());
+    context.account_scope = Some(Arc::new(FrozenAccountScope::new(
+        directory,
+        ClientRoutingScope::all_accounts(),
+    )));
+
+    let candidates = [outside, allowed];
+    let selection = AccountSelector
+        .select(&candidates, &context)
+        .expect("allowed account should remain eligible");
+    assert_eq!(selection.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_allowed");
+    assert_eq!(
+        selection.preferred(),
+        PreferredAccountSelection::Blocked(AccountSchedulingBlocker::OutsideClientScope)
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn disabled_account_should_not_be_schedulable() {
-    let account =
-        account("acct_disabled").with_runtime_state(false, AccountAvailability::Ready, None);
-
-    assert!(!account.is_schedulable(SystemTime::now()));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn cooldown_account_should_become_schedulable_at_its_deadline() {
-    let now = SystemTime::now();
-    let account =
-        account("acct_cooldown").with_runtime_state(true, AccountAvailability::Cooldown, Some(now));
-
-    assert!(account.is_schedulable(now));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn cooldown_account_should_remain_isolated_before_its_deadline() {
-    let now = SystemTime::now();
-    let account = account("acct_cooldown").with_runtime_state(
-        true,
-        AccountAvailability::Cooldown,
-        Some(now + Duration::from_secs(1)),
+    let account = account("acct_disabled").with_account_facts(
+        false,
+        CredentialState::Ready,
+        QuotaState::unknown(),
+        None,
+        None,
     );
 
-    assert!(!account.is_schedulable(now));
+    assert_eq!(
+        account.status_projection(SystemTime::now(), None).status,
+        AccountStatus::Disabled
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn rate_limited_projection_carries_only_the_active_cooldown_deadline() {
+    let now = SystemTime::now();
+    let active_until = now + Duration::from_secs(60);
+    let account = account("acct_rate_limited");
+
+    let active = account.status_projection(now, Some(active_until));
+    assert_eq!(active.status, AccountStatus::RateLimited);
+    assert_eq!(active.rate_limited_until, Some(active_until));
+
+    let elapsed = account.status_projection(now, Some(now - Duration::from_secs(1)));
+    assert_eq!(elapsed.status, AccountStatus::Normal);
+    assert_eq!(elapsed.rate_limited_until, None);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn account_without_upstream_identity_should_stay_unknown_and_not_schedulable() {
+    let account = ProviderAccount::new(
+        ProviderAccountId::new("acct_pending_identity").expect("valid account"),
+        ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("valid provider"),
+        "pending identity".to_owned(),
+        None,
+        "oauth".to_owned(),
+        CredentialRevision::new(1).expect("valid revision"),
+        Some(SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(3600)),
+    )
+    .with_account_facts(
+        true,
+        CredentialState::Ready,
+        QuotaState::unknown(),
+        None,
+        None,
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        (
+            account.credential_state(),
+            account.status_projection(SystemTime::now(), None).status
+        ),
+        (CredentialState::Unknown, AccountStatus::Error)
+    );
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -185,6 +357,84 @@ fn smart_selector_should_prefer_lower_inflight_count() {
     assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_idle");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn smart_selector_should_prefer_lower_capacity_utilization_over_lower_inflight_count() {
+    let candidates = [
+        candidate_with_concurrency("acct_smaller", 1, 2),
+        candidate_with_concurrency("acct_larger", 2, 10),
+    ];
+
+    let selected = AccountSelector
+        .select(&candidates, &context(RotationStrategy::Smart))
+        .expect("candidate available");
+
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_larger");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn selector_should_prioritize_the_highest_weight_for_every_rotation_strategy() {
+    let candidates = vec![
+        weighted_candidate("acct_low_weight", 1, 0),
+        weighted_candidate("acct_high_weight", 100, 2),
+    ];
+
+    for strategy in [
+        RotationStrategy::Smart,
+        RotationStrategy::QuotaResetPriority,
+        RotationStrategy::RoundRobin,
+        RotationStrategy::Sticky,
+    ] {
+        let selected = AccountSelector
+            .select(&candidates, &context(strategy))
+            .expect("highest weight account should be eligible");
+        assert_eq!(
+            selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(),
+            "acct_high_weight",
+            "strategy {strategy:?} must select inside the highest weight tier"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn selector_should_not_let_soft_affinity_bypass_a_higher_weight_account() {
+    let preferred = weighted_candidate("acct_preferred", 1, 0);
+    let preferred_id = preferred.account.id().clone();
+    let higher = weighted_candidate("acct_higher", 10, 0);
+    let mut selection = context(RotationStrategy::Smart);
+    selection.preferred_account = Some(preferred_id);
+    let candidates = [preferred, higher];
+
+    let selected = AccountSelector
+        .select(&candidates, &selection)
+        .expect("higher weight account should be eligible");
+
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_higher");
+    assert_eq!(
+        selected.preferred(),
+        PreferredAccountSelection::Blocked(AccountSchedulingBlocker::LowerWeight)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn selector_should_fall_back_when_a_higher_weight_account_reaches_its_override() {
+    let mut saturated = weighted_candidate("acct_high_weight", 100, 1);
+    saturated.account = saturated.account.with_scheduling(
+        Some(AccountConcurrencyLimit::new(1).expect("concurrency override")),
+        AccountWeight::new(100).expect("weight"),
+    );
+    let fallback = weighted_candidate("acct_low_weight", 1, 0);
+    let candidates = [saturated, fallback];
+
+    let selected = AccountSelector
+        .select(&candidates, &context(RotationStrategy::Smart))
+        .expect("lower weight account should be used after saturation");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(),
+        "acct_low_weight"
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn smart_selector_should_balance_signals_instead_of_using_lexicographic_load() {
     let mut healthy = candidate("acct_healthy", 1, Some(100));
@@ -298,6 +548,7 @@ fn provider_quota_overlay_should_preserve_store_concurrency_facts() {
         last_started_at: Some(last_started_at),
         quota_reset_at: None,
         quota_remaining_rank: None,
+        rate_limited_until: None,
         failure_rate_basis_points: None,
         first_output_latency_ms: None,
     }
@@ -394,6 +645,22 @@ fn quota_reset_selector_should_prefer_known_earliest_window() {
     assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_earlier");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn quota_reset_selector_should_use_capacity_utilization_as_load_tiebreaker() {
+    let reset_at = SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(60);
+    let mut smaller = candidate_with_concurrency("acct_smaller", 1, 2);
+    smaller.signals.quota_reset_at = Some(reset_at);
+    let mut larger = candidate_with_concurrency("acct_larger", 2, 10);
+    larger.signals.quota_reset_at = Some(reset_at);
+    let candidates = [smaller, larger];
+
+    let selected = AccountSelector
+        .select(&candidates, &context(RotationStrategy::QuotaResetPriority))
+        .expect("candidate available");
+
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_larger");
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn smart_selector_should_prefer_known_quota_over_unknown_after_load_is_equal() {
     let candidates = vec![
@@ -616,3 +883,87 @@ fn credential_cas_should_reject_refresh_schedule_without_refresh_token() {
         .is_err()
     );
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn enforced_eligibility_excludes_credential_errors_despite_quota_signals() {
+    let mut banned = candidate("acct_banned", 0, Some(100));
+    banned.account = banned.account.with_account_facts(
+        true,
+        CredentialState::Banned,
+        QuotaState::unknown(),
+        None,
+        None,
+    );
+    let mut expired = candidate("acct_expired", 0, Some(100));
+    expired.account = expired.account.with_account_facts(
+        true,
+        CredentialState::Expired,
+        QuotaState::unknown(),
+        None,
+        None,
+    );
+    let mut invalid = candidate("acct_invalid", 0, Some(100));
+    invalid.account = invalid.account.with_account_facts(
+        true,
+        CredentialState::Invalid,
+        QuotaState::unknown(),
+        None,
+        None,
+    );
+    let healthy = candidate("acct_healthy", 0, Some(100));
+    let candidates = vec![banned, expired, invalid, healthy];
+
+    let selected = AccountSelector
+        .select(&candidates, &context(RotationStrategy::Smart))
+        .expect("healthy candidate available");
+
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_healthy");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn enforced_eligibility_excludes_authoritative_quota_exhaustion() {
+    let mut exhausted = candidate("acct_exhausted", 0, Some(100));
+    exhausted.account = exhausted.account.with_account_facts(
+        true,
+        CredentialState::Ready,
+        QuotaState::exhausted(QuotaEvidence::ProviderDenied, SystemTime::now(), None),
+        None,
+        None,
+    );
+    let healthy = candidate("acct_healthy", 0, Some(100));
+    let candidates = vec![exhausted, healthy];
+
+    let selected = AccountSelector
+        .select(&candidates, &context(RotationStrategy::Smart))
+        .expect("healthy candidate available");
+
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_healthy");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn elapsed_quota_reset_does_not_fabricate_recovery() {
+    let now = SystemTime::now();
+    let mut exhausted = candidate("acct_exhausted", 0, Some(100));
+    exhausted.account = exhausted.account.with_account_facts(
+        true,
+        CredentialState::Ready,
+        QuotaState::exhausted(
+            QuotaEvidence::ProviderDenied,
+            now - Duration::from_secs(2),
+            Some(now - Duration::from_secs(1)),
+        ),
+        None,
+        None,
+    );
+    let healthy = candidate("acct_healthy", 0, Some(100));
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        exhausted.account.status_projection(now, None).status,
+        AccountStatus::QuotaExhausted
+    );
+    let candidates = [exhausted, healthy];
+    let selected = AccountSelector
+        .select(&candidates, &context(RotationStrategy::Smart))
+        .expect("healthy candidate available");
+    assert_eq!(selected.candidate().account.id().as_str(), "acct_healthy");
+}

backend/crates/gateway-core/tests/engine/execution.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use std::{
-    collections::BTreeSet,
+    collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet},
     sync::{
         Arc, Mutex,
         atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ use gateway_core::operation::{GenerateRequest, Operation, OperationKind, Protoco
 use gateway_core::policy::{ClientApiKeyId, ClientPolicy, PlaintextClientApiKey, RateLimits};
 use gateway_core::routing::snapshot::RuntimeSnapshotHandle;
 use gateway_core::routing::{
-    ConfigRevision, ModelCapabilities, ProviderKind, ProviderModel, PublicModelId, RuntimeSnapshot,
+    ClientRoutingScope, ConfigRevision, FrozenAccountScope, ModelCapabilities, ProviderKind,
+    ProviderModel, PublicModelId, RuntimeAccount, RuntimeAccountDirectory, RuntimeSnapshot,
     UpstreamModelId,
 };
 use serde_json::json;
@@ -283,7 +284,7 @@ fn slow_circuit_store_should_time_out_and_fail_open_during_request_start() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn stale_nonempty_catalog_should_not_block_a_new_model_during_request_start() {
+fn known_catalog_should_reject_a_model_that_the_provider_did_not_publish() {
     let service = DefaultExecutionService::new(
         RuntimeSnapshotHandle::new(start_snapshot()),
         Arc::new(TrackingExecutionStore::default()),
@@ -298,7 +299,7 @@ fn stale_nonempty_catalog_should_not_block_a_new_model_during_request_start() {
         .expect("authenticated client");
     let model = "gpt-future-not-in-catalog";
 
-    let started = block_on(service.start(StartExecution {
+    let result = block_on(service.start(StartExecution {
         client,
         public_model: PublicModelId::from_client_wire(model).expect("client model"),
         operation: start_operation_for_model(model),
@@ -311,10 +312,80 @@ fn stale_nonempty_catalog_should_not_block_a_new_model_during_request_start() {
             user_agent: None,
             previous_response_id: None,
         },
-    }))
-    .expect("stale model catalog must not reject the request");
+    }));
+    let Err(error) = result else {
+        panic!("a known provider catalog must be authoritative for model availability");
+    };
 
-    assert!(!started.session.is_finalized());
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), GatewayErrorKind::NoAvailableProvider);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn continuation_owned_by_another_client_api_key_should_fail_closed() {
+    let service = DefaultExecutionService::new(
+        RuntimeSnapshotHandle::new(start_snapshot()),
+        Arc::new(TrackingExecutionStore::default()),
+        ProviderRegistry::default(),
+        Arc::new(UnusedAdmissions),
+        Arc::new(UnusedCircuits),
+        Arc::new(RejectedContinuation::OwnershipMismatch),
+        Arc::new(RecordingClientApiKeyUsage::default()),
+    );
+    let client = service
+        .authenticate("sk_start_test")
+        .expect("authenticated client");
+
+    let result = block_on(service.start(StartExecution {
+        client,
+        public_model: PublicModelId::new("gpt-start").expect("public model"),
+        operation: start_operation(),
+        metadata: execution_metadata_with_continuation(),
+    }));
+    let Err(error) = result else {
+        panic!("cross-client continuation must be rejected");
+    };
+
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), GatewayErrorKind::PolicyDenied);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn invalid_continuation_record_should_not_be_forwarded_as_an_external_handle() {
+    let service = DefaultExecutionService::new(
+        RuntimeSnapshotHandle::new(start_snapshot()),
+        Arc::new(TrackingExecutionStore::default()),
+        ProviderRegistry::default(),
+        Arc::new(UnusedAdmissions),
+        Arc::new(UnusedCircuits),
+        Arc::new(RejectedContinuation::InvalidData),
+        Arc::new(RecordingClientApiKeyUsage::default()),
+    );
+    let client = service
+        .authenticate("sk_start_test")
+        .expect("authenticated client");
+
+    let result = block_on(service.start(StartExecution {
+        client,
+        public_model: PublicModelId::new("gpt-start").expect("public model"),
+        operation: start_operation(),
+        metadata: execution_metadata_with_continuation(),
+    }));
+    let Err(error) = result else {
+        panic!("invalid continuation state must be rejected");
+    };
+
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), GatewayErrorKind::Internal);
+}
+
+fn execution_metadata_with_continuation() -> ExecutionRequestMetadata {
+    ExecutionRequestMetadata {
+        protocol: "openai".to_owned(),
+        endpoint: "/v1/responses".to_owned(),
+        transport: ClientTransport::HttpJson,
+        stream: false,
+        client_ip: None,
+        user_agent: None,
+        previous_response_id: Some(PreviousResponseId::new("response-private")),
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -526,6 +597,7 @@ struct UnusedContinuation;
 impl NativeContinuationPort for UnusedContinuation {
     fn resolve<'a>(
         &'a self,
+        _: &'a ClientApiKeyId,
         _: &'a PreviousResponseId,
     ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<Option<NativeContinuationPin>, NativeContinuationStoreError>> {
         Box::pin(async { Ok(None) })
@@ -539,6 +611,43 @@ impl NativeContinuationPort for UnusedContinuation {
     }
 }
 
+enum RejectedContinuation {
+    OwnershipMismatch,
+    InvalidData,
+}
+
+impl NativeContinuationPort for RejectedContinuation {
+    fn resolve<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        _: &'a ClientApiKeyId,
+        _: &'a PreviousResponseId,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<Option<NativeContinuationPin>, NativeContinuationStoreError>> {
+        Box::pin(async move {
+            Err(match self {
+                Self::OwnershipMismatch => NativeContinuationStoreError::ownership_mismatch(),
+                Self::InvalidData => NativeContinuationStoreError::invalid_data("invalid record"),
+            })
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn record<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        _: NativeContinuationPin,
+    ) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<(), NativeContinuationStoreError>> {
+        Box::pin(async { Ok(()) })
+    }
+}
+
+fn account_scope(provider: &ProviderKind, account_id: &str) -> Arc<FrozenAccountScope> {
+    Arc::new(FrozenAccountScope::new(
+        Arc::new(RuntimeAccountDirectory::new(BTreeMap::from([(
+            ProviderAccountId::new(account_id).expect("account ID"),
+            RuntimeAccount::new(provider.clone(), BTreeSet::new()),
+        )]))),
+        ClientRoutingScope::all_accounts(),
+    ))
+}
+
 fn probe_snapshot() -> RuntimeSnapshot {
     let provider = ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider kind");
     let capabilities =
@@ -575,7 +684,7 @@ fn client_snapshot() -> RuntimeSnapshot {
         vec![ClientPolicy::new(
             ClientApiKeyId::new("key_usage_test").expect("client API key ID"),
             PlaintextClientApiKey::new("sk_usage_test").expect("plaintext client API key"),
-            provider,
+            account_scope(&provider, "acct_usage"),
             true,
             RateLimits::unlimited(),
         )],
@@ -603,7 +712,7 @@ fn start_snapshot() -> RuntimeSnapshot {
         vec![ClientPolicy::new(
             ClientApiKeyId::new("key_start_test").expect("client API key ID"),
             PlaintextClientApiKey::new("sk_start_test").expect("plaintext client API key"),
-            provider,
+            account_scope(&provider, "acct_start"),
             true,
             RateLimits::unlimited(),
         )],

backend/crates/gateway-core/tests/policy/mod.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,25 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use gateway_core::policy::{ClientApiKeyId, ClientPolicy, PlaintextClientApiKey, RateLimits};
-use gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind;
+use gateway_core::routing::{ClientRoutingScope, FrozenAccountScope, RuntimeAccountDirectory};
 
 fn plaintext(value: &str) -> PlaintextClientApiKey {
     PlaintextClientApiKey::new(value).expect("valid plaintext client key")
 }
 
+fn account_scope() -> Arc<FrozenAccountScope> {
+    Arc::new(FrozenAccountScope::new(
+        Arc::new(RuntimeAccountDirectory::default()),
+        ClientRoutingScope::all_accounts(),
+    ))
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn disabled_client_key_should_be_denied() {
     let policy = ClientPolicy::new(
         ClientApiKeyId::new("key_disabled").expect("valid key ID"),
         plaintext("sk_disabled_secret"),
-        ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("valid provider"),
+        account_scope(),
         false,
         RateLimits::unlimited(),
     );
@@ -23,7 +32,7 @@ fn enabled_client_key_should_be_authorized() {
     let policy = ClientPolicy::new(
         ClientApiKeyId::new("key_enabled").expect("valid key ID"),
         plaintext("sk_enabled_secret"),
-        ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("valid provider"),
+        account_scope(),
         true,
         RateLimits::unlimited(),
     );