* feat: add sandboxed docker v2 runtime via '# docker <image>' Run a container image as a subprogram of the job's own nsjail sandbox: extract the image rootfs with podman (rootless) and run it chrooted inside the job's nsjail, so the container inherits the job's confinement and is safe under nsjail / for untrusted code. Selected by '# docker <image>'; a bare '# docker' keeps the v1 (dind) path untouched. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * feat: default to daemonless docker (drop dind from compose, allow docker on cloud) docker-compose no longer ships the dind sidecar (v2 is daemonless: podman + nsjail in the worker); removed the dind service, DOCKER_HOST env, depends_on and volume. Removed the language-picker guard that blocked Docker scripts on the multi-tenant platform, now that v2 makes docker safe to run sandboxed. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * feat: select sandboxed container via # sandbox <image>; add pull policy + size guards - Surface moved from '# docker <image>' to '# sandbox <image>' (groups under the sandbox annotation; '# docker' stays v1-only, '# sandbox' stays nsjail-bash). - SANDBOX_IMAGE_PULL_POLICY (default 'newer') so moving tags don't go stale. - SANDBOX_IMAGE_MAX_SIZE_MB rejects oversized images before extraction. - SANDBOX_IMAGE_CACHE_MAX_MB best-effort LRU eviction of podman's image store. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * feat(sandbox): support # volume, honor nsjail tmp instance settings, v2 docker template - Thread shared_mount into the sandbox container nsjail config so '# volume' mounts (and the same-worker /tmp/shared folder) apply inside the container. - Use resolve_nsjail_tmp_mount_block for the container's /tmp so it honors the same nsjail_tmp_backing / nsjail_tmpfs_size_mb instance settings as other nsjail jobs. - docker-compose comment + the editor's Docker template now use '# sandbox <image>'. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * feat(sandbox): make image size/cache/pull-policy UI instance settings Convert SANDBOX_IMAGE_* from worker env vars to DB-backed instance settings (sandbox_image_max_size_mb, sandbox_image_cache_max_mb, sandbox_image_pull_policy), hot-reloaded via the same mechanism as nsjail_tmpfs_size_mb and configurable in #superadmin-settings. No worker restart needed. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * feat(sandbox): windmill-managed registry — default registry + private auth Two new instance settings: - sandbox_image_default_registry: prepended to unqualified image refs (alpine -> <registry>/alpine); fully-qualified refs untouched. - sandbox_registry_auth: docker/podman auth.json blob written to a per-job authfile (0600, removed with the job) and passed to podman --authfile for private registries. Both hot-reloaded and configurable in #superadmin-settings. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(sandbox): protobuf-safe proto_str escaper, atomic 0600 authfile, registry tests Addresses local-review P2s: proto_str now emits valid protobuf octal escapes for control/non-ASCII bytes (not Rust \u{..} that nsjail would reject); the registry authfile is created 0600 atomically (no world-readable window); add a registry_qualified table test + a non-ASCII proto_str case. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(sandbox): P0 — deliver image env via nsjail envar:, never the launcher process env CI review (P0): the image's OCI Env (attacker-controlled keys+values) was applied to the nsjail launcher process via .envs(), so a hostile image could set LD_PRELOAD/ LD_LIBRARY_PATH/LD_AUDIT on nsjail itself and execute code as the worker outside the jail. Now the image env is rendered as proto-escaped 'envar:' directives (child-only) and nsjail's process env carries only windmill-trusted keys (reserved vars + proxy). Also: warn instead of silently bypassing the size guard on inspect failure; reset the eviction guard via a Drop guard (no stuck flag on panic/early-return). +render_envars test. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(sandbox): P0 symlink-write escape via rootfs script; P1 redact registry-auth logging CI review: - P0 (Codex): the body was written into the image-controlled rootfs as .windmill_docker_main.sh via write_file (follows symlinks) — a hostile image could plant that path as a symlink to a host file and capture the worker's write before nsjail starts. Now the body is passed straight to 'sh -c <body> sh <args>'; no file is written into the rootfs at all. - P1 (Codex): sandbox_registry_auth flowed through the generic setting loader which logs the value (raw auth.json credentials). Replaced with a secret-aware reload that loads directly and logs only a redacted 'configured=' message. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(sandbox): redact sandbox_registry_auth in instance-settings write log too The settings API also logs 'Set global setting <key> to <value>' via format_setting_value; add sandbox_registry_auth to SENSITIVE_SETTINGS so the credential is redacted there as well as on reload. * fix(sandbox): don't silently disable cache eviction on podman images parse error Re-review (cubic/Claude P2): serde_json::from_slice(...).unwrap_or_default() meant any parse hiccup (e.g. podman omitting Size/Created via omitempty for a zero value, or schema drift) silently degraded to an empty Vec and disabled eviction with no log. Now Size/Created are #[serde(default)] (a missing omitempty key -> 0, not a whole-array parse failure) and a real parse error warns + breaks instead of being swallowed. --------- Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Open-source developer platform for internal code: APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs. Self-hostable alternative to Retool, Pipedream, Superblocks and a simplified Temporal with autogenerated UIs and custom UIs to trigger workflows and scripts as internal apps.
Scripts are turned into sharable UIs automatically, and can be composed together into flows or used into richer apps built with low-code. Supported languages: Python, TypeScript, Go, Bash, SQL, GraphQL, PowerShell, Rust, and more.
Try it - Website - Docs - Discord - Hub - Contributor's guide
Windmill - Developer platform for APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs
Windmill is fully open-sourced (AGPLv3) and Windmill Labs offers dedicated instances and commercial support and licenses.
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d80de1d9-64de-4d89-aacd-6df23fa81fc4
- Windmill - Developer platform for APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs
Main Concepts
- Define a minimal and generic script in Python, TypeScript, Go or Bash that solves a specific task. The code can be defined in the provided Web IDE or synchronized with your own GitHub repo (e.g. through VS Code extension): provided Web IDE or synchronized with your own GitHub repo (e.g. through VS Code extension):
- Your scripts parameters are automatically parsed and generate a frontend.
- Make it flow! You can chain your scripts or scripts made by the community shared on WindmillHub.
- Build complex UIs on top of your scripts and flows.
Scripts and flows can be triggered by schedules, webhooks, HTTP routes, Kafka, WebSockets, emails, and more.
Build your entire infra on top of Windmill!
Show me some actual script code
//import any dependency from npm
import * as wmill from "windmill-client";
import * as cowsay from "cowsay@1.5.0";
// fill the type, or use the +Resource type to get a type-safe reference to a resource
type Postgresql = {
host: string;
port: number;
user: string;
dbname: string;
sslmode: string;
password: string;
};
export async function main(
a: number,
b: "my" | "enum",
c: Postgresql,
d = "inferred type string from default arg",
e = { nested: "object" }
//f: wmill.Base64
) {
const email = process.env["WM_EMAIL"];
// variables are permissioned and by path
let variable = await wmill.getVariable("f/company-folder/my_secret");
const lastTimeRun = await wmill.getState();
// logs are printed and always inspectable
console.log(cowsay.say({ text: "hello " + email + " " + lastTimeRun }));
await wmill.setState(Date.now());
// return is serialized as JSON
return { foo: d, variable };
}
Local Development
Windmill supports multiple ways to develop locally and sync with your instance:
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| CLI | Sync scripts from local files or GitHub, run scripts/flows from the command line |
| VS Code Extension | Edit and test scripts & flows directly from VS Code / Cursor with full IDE support |
| Git Sync | Two-way sync between Windmill and your Git repository |
| Claude Code | AI-assisted development with Claude for scripts, flows, and apps |
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c541c326-e9ae-4602-a09a-1989aaded1e9
You can run scripts locally by passing the right environment variables for the wmill client library to fetch resources and variables from your instance. See local development docs.
Stack
- Database: Postgres (compatible with Aurora, Cloud SQL, Neon, Azure PostgreSQL)
- Backend: Rust - stateless API servers and workers pulling jobs from a Postgres queue
- Frontend: Svelte 5
- Sandboxing: nsjail and PID namespace isolation
- Runtimes:
- TypeScript/JavaScript: Bun (default) and Deno
- Python: python3 with uv for dependency management
- Go, Bash, PowerShell, PHP, Rust, C#, Java, Ansible
Fastest Self-Hostable Workflow Engine
We have compared Windmill to other self-hostable workflow engines (Airflow, Prefect & Temporal) and Windmill is the most performant solution for both benchmarks: one flow composed of 40 lightweight tasks & one flow composed of 10 long-running tasks.
All methodology & results on our Benchmarks page.
Security
- Sandboxing: nsjail for filesystem/resource isolation, and PID namespace isolation (enabled by default) to prevent jobs from accessing worker process memory
- Secrets: One encryption key per workspace for credentials stored in Windmill's K/V store. We recommend encrypting the Postgres database as well.
See Security documentation for details.
Performance
Once a job started, there is no overhead compared to running the same script on the node with its corresponding runner (Deno/Go/Python/Bash). The added latency from a job being pulled from the queue, started, and then having its result sent back to the database is ~50ms. A typical lightweight deno job will take around 100ms total.
Architecture
How to self-host
For detailed setup options, see Self-Host documentation.
Docker compose
Deploy Windmill with 3 files (docker-compose.yml, Caddyfile, .env):
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/docker-compose.yml -o docker-compose.yml
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/Caddyfile -o Caddyfile
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/.env -o .env
docker compose up -d
Go to http://localhost - default credentials: admin@windmill.dev / changeme
Using an external database: Set DATABASE_URL in .env to point to your managed Postgres (AWS RDS, GCP Cloud SQL, Azure, Neon, etc.) and set db replicas to 0.
Kubernetes (Helm charts)
helm repo add windmill https://windmill-labs.github.io/windmill-helm-charts/
helm install windmill-chart windmill/windmill --namespace=windmill --create-namespace
See windmill-helm-charts for configuration options.
Cloud providers
Windmill works on AWS (EKS/ECS), GCP, Azure, Ubicloud, Fly.io, Render.com, Hetzner, Digital Ocean, and others. Rule of thumb: 1 worker per 1vCPU and 1-2 GB RAM.
OAuth, SSO & SMTP
Configure OAuth and SSO (Google Workspace, Microsoft/Azure, Okta) directly from the superadmin UI. See documentation.
License
The Community Edition is free to use internally. For commercial redistribution or managed services, contact sales@windmill.dev. See LICENSE and Pricing for details.
The "Community Edition" of Windmill available in the docker images hosted under ghcr.io/windmill-labs/windmill and the github binary releases contains the files under the AGPLv3 and Apache 2 sources but also includes proprietary and non-public code and features which are not open source and under the following terms: Windmill Labs, Inc. grants a right to use all the features of the "Community Edition" for free without restrictions other than the limits and quotas set in the software and a right to distribute the community edition as is but not to sell, resell, serve Windmill as a managed service, modify or wrap under any form without an explicit agreement.
The binary compilable from source code in this repository without the "enterprise" feature flag is open-source under the LICENSE-AGPLv3 License terms and conditions.
To re-expose directly any Windmill parts to your users as a feature of your product, with the exception of iframed public Windmill "apps", or to build a feature on top of "Windmill Community Edition" that you sell commercially or embed in a distributable product or binary, you must get a commercial license. Contact us at sales@windmill.dev if you have any questions. To do the same from the binary compiled from the source code in this repository without the "enterprise" feature flag, you must comply with the AGPLv3 license terms and conditions or get a commercial license from Windmill Labs, Inc.
To use Windmill "Community Edition" as is internally in your organization, or to use its APIs as is, you do NOT need a commercial license.
Integrations
In Windmill, integrations are referred to as resources and resource types. Each Resource has a Resource Type that defines the schema that the resource needs to implement.
On self-hosted instances, you might want to import all the approved resource types from WindmillHub. A setup script will prompt you to have it being synced automatically everyday.
Environment Variables
| Environment Variable name | Default | Description | Api Server/Worker/All |
|---|---|---|---|
| DATABASE_URL | The Postgres database url. | All | |
| WORKER_GROUP | default | The worker group the worker belongs to and get its configuration pulled from | Worker |
| MODE | standalone | The mode if the binary. Possible values: standalone, worker, server, agent | All |
| METRICS_ADDR | None | (ee only) The socket addr at which to expose Prometheus metrics at the /metrics path. Set to "true" to expose it on port 8001 | All |
| JSON_FMT | false | Output the logs in json format instead of logfmt | All |
| BASE_URL | http://localhost:8000 | The base url that is exposed publicly to access your instance. Is overriden by the instance settings if any. | Server |
| ZOMBIE_JOB_TIMEOUT | 30 | The timeout after which a job is considered to be zombie if the worker did not send pings about processing the job (every server check for zombie jobs every 30s) | Server |
| RESTART_ZOMBIE_JOBS | true | If true then a zombie job is restarted (in-place with the same uuid and some logs), if false the zombie job is failed | Server |
| NATIVE_MODE | false | Enable native mode: sets NUM_WORKERS=8, rejects non-native jobs (nativets, postgresql, mysql, etc.) | Worker |
| SLEEP_QUEUE | 50 | The number of ms to sleep in between the last check for new jobs in the DB. It is multiplied by NUM_WORKERS such that in average, for one worker instance, there is one pull every SLEEP_QUEUE ms. | Worker |
| KEEP_JOB_DIR | false | Keep the job directory after the job is done. Useful for debugging. | Worker |
| LICENSE_KEY (EE only) | None | License key checked at startup for the Enterprise Edition of Windmill | Worker |
| SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET | None | The signing secret of your Slack app. See Slack documentation | Server |
| COOKIE_DOMAIN | None | The domain of the cookie. If not set, the cookie will be set by the browser based on the full origin | Server |
| DENO_PATH | /usr/bin/deno | The path to the deno binary. | Worker |
| PYTHON_PATH | The path to the python binary if wanting to not have it managed by uv. | Worker | |
| GO_PATH | /usr/bin/go | The path to the go binary. | Worker |
| GOPRIVATE | The GOPRIVATE env variable to use private go modules | Worker | |
| GOPROXY | The GOPROXY env variable to use | Worker | |
| NETRC | The netrc content to use a private go registry | Worker | |
| PY_CONCURRENT_DOWNLOADS | 20 | Sets the maximum number of in-flight concurrent python downloads that windmill will perform at any given time. | Worker |
| PATH | None | The path environment variable, usually inherited | Worker |
| HOME | None | The home directory to use for Go and Bash , usually inherited | Worker |
| DATABASE_CONNECTIONS | 50 (Server)/3 (Worker) | The max number of connections in the database connection pool | All |
| SUPERADMIN_SECRET | None | A token that would let the caller act as a virtual superadmin superadmin@windmill.dev | Server |
| TIMEOUT_WAIT_RESULT | 20 | The number of seconds to wait before timeout on the 'run_wait_result' endpoint | Worker |
| QUEUE_LIMIT_WAIT_RESULT | None | The number of max jobs in the queue before rejecting immediately the request in 'run_wait_result' endpoint. Takes precedence on the query arg. If none is specified, there are no limit. | Worker |
| DENO_AUTH_TOKENS | None | Custom DENO_AUTH_TOKENS to pass to worker to allow the use of private modules | Worker |
| DISABLE_RESPONSE_LOGS | false | Disable response logs | Server |
| CREATE_WORKSPACE_REQUIRE_SUPERADMIN | true | If true, only superadmins can create new workspaces | Server |
| MIN_FREE_DISK_SPACE_MB | 15000 | Minimum amount of free space on worker. Sends critical alert if worker has less free space. | Worker |
| RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_AT_START | false | If true, runs CA certificate update command at startup before other initialization | All |
| RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_PATH | /usr/sbin/update-ca-certificates | Path to the CA certificate update command/script to run when RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_AT_START is true | All |
Run a local dev setup
We recommend using Nix. See ./frontend/README_DEV.md for all options.
Frontend only
Uses the backend of https://app.windmill.dev with local frontend (hot-reload):
cd frontend
npm install
npm run generate-backend-client # or generate-backend-client-mac on Mac
npm run dev
Windmill available at http://localhost/
Backend + Frontend
See the ./frontend/README_DEV.md file for all running options.
- Start a local Postgres database using for instance the
start-dev-db.shscript which will make a database available atpostgres://postgres:changeme@localhost:5432/windmillThen run the migrations using the following command:This will also avoid compile time issue with sqlx'scargo install sqlx-cli env DATABASE_URL=<YOUR_DATABASE_URL> sqlx migrate runquery!macro. - (optional, linux only) Install nsjail and have it accessible in your PATH
- Install bun, deno and python3 (+ any languages you want to use), have the bins at
/usr/bin/bun,/usr/bin/deno, and/usr/local/bin/python3or set the corresponding environment variables. - (optional) Install the lld linker
- Go to
frontend/:npm install,npm run generate-backend-clientthenREMOTE=http://localhost:8000 npm run dev- You might need to set some extra heap space for the node runtime
export NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=4096" - Create an empty
frontend/buildfolder usingmkdir frontend/build
- Go to
backend/:env DATABASE_URL=<YOUR_DATABASE_URL> RUST_LOG=info cargo run- You can specify any feature flag you want to enable, for example
cargo run --features pythonto enable the python executor.
- Windmill should be available at
http://localhost:3000
Contributors
Copyright
© 2023-2026 Windmill Labs, Inc.






