Ruben Fiszel 577ceeee86 perf(audit): re-anchor S3 audit export on enable + opt-in backfill (#9818)
* [ee] perf(audit): re-anchor S3 audit export on enable + opt-in backfill

The S3/GCS audit-log export's steady-state query filters by `age(xmin)`
(unindexable), so the only scan bound is the timestamp floor. On a fresh
enable the floor was epoch, and on a re-enable the cursor resumed from its
pre-disable position — either way the first run scanned the whole
`audit_partitioned` table. Under a `statement_timeout` (e.g. Aiven) that scan
never completes: the cursor never advances, nothing is exported, and the
repeated full scans saturate the database.

Re-anchor on enable (EE companion, windmill-ee-private#634):
- New trigger migration records a recent timestamp floor instead of the epoch
  sentinel and `DO UPDATE`s the cursor to the current snapshot xmin on
  re-enable, so the export always resumes from ~now and never rescans history.
  Includes a one-time fixup for legacy epoch-sentinel checkpoints on upgrade.

Opt-in historical backfill (new `audit_logs_s3_backfill` module + endpoints):
- Exports a chosen `[from, to)` window on demand, scanning strictly by
  `timestamp` (the partition key) in bounded keyset pages — each query is an
  index scan capped at one page (verified via EXPLAIN: later partitions
  `never executed`, ~11ms/page), so it stays well under any statement timeout
  regardless of window size. Writes alongside the steady-state objects under
  logs/audit/, without touching the xmin cursor.
- POST /settings/audit_logs_s3_backfill {from,to} (super-admin + Enterprise),
  GET /settings/audit_logs_s3_backfill_status.

Also repurposes the status endpoint's `bootstrapping` flag to mean "draining a
backlog" (the cursor is capped and catching up), and updates the setting
description to point operators at the backfill.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(audit): heartbeat backfill lease per object; bump EE ref

Address review (cubic): persist progress (refreshing the lease heartbeat) after
every object PUT in the backfill page loop, not only once per page, so the gap
between heartbeats stays well under STALE_HEARTBEAT_SECS even on slow uploads
and another replica can't re-claim mid-page and run a concurrent backfill.

Bumps ee-repo-ref.txt to pull in the EE test-race fix (folding the backlog-drain
regression into the single audit e2e test).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(audit): reject unstable backfill windows; bump EE ref

Address review (P1): the backfill keyset-pages over rows visible at scan time
and declares completion when the scan runs dry, but a row's `timestamp` is its
inserting transaction's `xact_start`. A window whose upper bound is recent or in
the future could silently omit a transaction that started inside `[from, to)`
but commits after the scan passed that timestamp. `try_start` now rejects any
`to` newer than the oldest in-flight `xact_start` (everything strictly older
than the oldest running transaction is committed and stable), using the same
trustworthy stats gating as the exporter's floor (restricted role / 2PC → a
7-day-old cutoff).

Bumps ee-repo-ref.txt for the EE monotonic-checkpoint fix.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(audit): re-anchor legacy epoch checkpoints instead of synthetic floor

Address review (P1): the legacy-checkpoint fixup stamped last_oldest_inflight_ts
to now()-7d while leaving the old last_xmin in place. On an instance that
enabled export on the old code >7 days ago and got stuck before the first
successful batch, the next run would filter post-enable rows older than 7 days
out via `timestamp >= ts_floor` while still advancing last_xmin over the
interval — silently dropping them (the same floor-vs-cursor loss class fixed
elsewhere in this PR), and contradicting the "nothing committed after enabling
is skipped" guarantee.

A stuck epoch-sentinel checkpoint cannot be safely resumed (its backlog can be
arbitrarily old, so any recent floor prunes rows the cursor then skips, and an
epoch floor reintroduces the full scan). Re-anchor it to the migration's current
snapshot xmin instead — exactly like a fresh enable — so the export resumes
cleanly from ~now and the never-exported pre-upgrade window is recovered via the
opt-in backfill rather than silently dropped. Reword the setting description so
it no longer implies the disabled/legacy window is covered by the cursor.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* test(audit): end-to-end integration tests for the object-store backfill

The backfill previously had only SQL-level/EXPLAIN validation. Add real
integration tests (in-memory object store, sqlx::test) exercising the public
path:

- backfill_exports_window_in_pages: with the page size forced to 2 rows, a
  settled 3-day window is exported across multiple keyset pages; asserts every
  in-window row lands exactly once, rows outside [from,to) are excluded, a day
  that straddles a page boundary yields more than one object, progress counts
  match, and a re-run is idempotent (deterministic keys overwritten, no dupes).
- backfill_rejects_unstable_window: a future/live `to` is rejected as unstable,
  a window safely in the past is accepted.

Adds a test-only PAGE_ROWS override so multi-page behaviour is exercised with a
handful of rows.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* docs(audit): note backfill scope is audit_partitioned only

Make explicit that, like the steady-state export, the backfill reads only
audit_partitioned; the pre-partitioning `audit` table is intentionally out of
scope (not a missed case).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(audit): reject backfill windows before the partitioned boundary

Address review (Codex P1): the backfill reads only audit_partitioned, but
pre-partitioning history lives in the legacy `audit` table (still read by audit
list/get via UNION ALL, and retained for the configured period — 365 days by
default on EE). Since the setting text points operators at this API for
"pre-existing history", a window overlapping legacy rows would report completion
while silently omitting them.

Per the decision to not export the legacy table, reject instead of silently
omit: try_start now rejects a `from` earlier than the oldest audit_partitioned
timestamp (every legacy row predates the partition cutover, so a `from` at/after
that boundary can never overlap them). Reworded the setting text to scope the
backfill to the partitioned era. Added a regression test, plus an RAII guard
(cubic P2) so the test-only globals are restored even if an assertion panics.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(audit): backfill object keys per-window; require trustworthy settled cutoff

Address review (two P1s):

- Object-key overwrite loss: keys were `dt=<day>/audit_backfill_<min_id>.ndjson`.
  A narrower, overlapping backfill can start a day's page at the same first row
  (same min_id) but hold fewer rows, and `put` would overwrite a broader run's
  object — silently dropping the rows only that object held. Include the
  requested window in the key so different ranges write disjoint objects (same
  window re-runs stay idempotent; consumers dedupe overlapping rows by id). New
  regression test (verified red→green).

- Untrustworthy settled cutoff: when min(xact_start) isn't trustworthy (role
  lacks pg_read_all_stats/superuser, or a prepared 2PC txn exists), the old
  now()-7d fallback could still let an old transaction commit rows inside an
  accepted window after the scan, so a "complete" backfill silently missed them.
  Since a backfill asserts completeness, reject in those cases instead of
  falling back. (The continuous exporter keeps its 7-day fallback — it only
  claims bounded lag.)

Also makes the tests robust under the parallel runner: run_backfill takes the
store as a param, so tests pass a local in-memory store (no global
OBJECT_STORE_SETTINGS race) and serialize on the PAGE_ROWS override.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(audit): reject backfill overlapping legacy table; regen deref openapi; trim migration comment

Address review (1 P1 + 2 P2):

- Empty-partition backfill (P1): the min(audit_partitioned) guard no-ops when
  audit_partitioned is empty, so an upgraded instance with legacy `audit` rows
  but no partitioned rows yet would accept a window and complete with zero rows,
  silently omitting the legacy rows. Check the legacy `audit` table directly:
  reject any window that overlaps a legacy row (subsumes the boundary check and
  covers the empty-partitioned case). Test updated accordingly.

- openapi-deref (P2): regenerate openapi-deref.yaml/json (served via include_str!)
  so /openapi.{yaml,json} expose the new backfill endpoints.

- Migration comment (P2): trim the PR-history narration to the durable
  constraints (why a recent floor and a monotonic cursor are required), per
  AGENTS.md.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* chore: update ee-repo-ref to b821fecccbcba2efed544890576bf2b84321d70d

This commit updates the EE repository reference after PR #634 was merged in windmill-ee-private.

Previous ee-repo-ref: 6b191b77aabcf77658ad4f9031576e0d7b66bf89

New ee-repo-ref: b821fecccbcba2efed544890576bf2b84321d70d

Automated by sync-ee-ref workflow.

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: windmill-internal-app[bot] <windmill-internal-app[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-06-26 21:37:33 +02:00
2024-02-08 16:09:11 +01:00
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2023-08-26 09:17:07 +02:00
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2026-04-16 06:26:25 -07:00
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windmill.dev

Open-source developer platform for internal code: APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs. Self-hostable alternative to Retool, Pipedream, Superblocks and a simplified Temporal with autogenerated UIs and custom UIs to trigger workflows and scripts as internal apps.

Scripts are turned into sharable UIs automatically, and can be composed together into flows or used into richer apps built with low-code. Supported languages: Python, TypeScript, Go, Bash, SQL, GraphQL, PowerShell, Rust, and more.

Package version Docker Image CI Package version

Commit activity Discord Shield

Try it - Website - Docs - Discord - Hub - Contributor's guide

Windmill - Developer platform for APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs

Windmill is fully open-sourced (AGPLv3) and Windmill Labs offers dedicated instances and commercial support and licenses.

Windmill Diagram

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d80de1d9-64de-4d89-aacd-6df23fa81fc4

Main Concepts

  1. Define a minimal and generic script in Python, TypeScript, Go or Bash that solves a specific task. The code can be defined in the provided Web IDE or synchronized with your own GitHub repo (e.g. through VS Code extension): provided Web IDE or synchronized with your own GitHub repo (e.g. through VS Code extension):

Step 1

  1. Your scripts parameters are automatically parsed and generate a frontend.

Step 2

Step 3

  1. Make it flow! You can chain your scripts or scripts made by the community shared on WindmillHub.

Step 3

  1. Build complex UIs on top of your scripts and flows.

Step 4

Scripts and flows can be triggered by schedules, webhooks, HTTP routes, Kafka, WebSockets, emails, and more.

Build your entire infra on top of Windmill!

Show me some actual script code

//import any dependency  from npm
import * as wmill from "windmill-client";
import * as cowsay from "cowsay@1.5.0";

// fill the type, or use the +Resource type to get a type-safe reference to a resource
type Postgresql = {
  host: string;
  port: number;
  user: string;
  dbname: string;
  sslmode: string;
  password: string;
};

export async function main(
  a: number,
  b: "my" | "enum",
  c: Postgresql,
  d = "inferred type string from default arg",
  e = { nested: "object" }
  //f: wmill.Base64
) {
  const email = process.env["WM_EMAIL"];
  // variables are permissioned and by path
  let variable = await wmill.getVariable("f/company-folder/my_secret");
  const lastTimeRun = await wmill.getState();
  // logs are printed and always inspectable
  console.log(cowsay.say({ text: "hello " + email + " " + lastTimeRun }));
  await wmill.setState(Date.now());

  // return is serialized as JSON
  return { foo: d, variable };
}

Local Development

Windmill supports multiple ways to develop locally and sync with your instance:

Tool Description
CLI Sync scripts from local files or GitHub, run scripts/flows from the command line
VS Code Extension Edit and test scripts & flows directly from VS Code / Cursor with full IDE support
Git Sync Two-way sync between Windmill and your Git repository
Claude Code AI-assisted development with Claude for scripts, flows, and apps

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c541c326-e9ae-4602-a09a-1989aaded1e9

You can run scripts locally by passing the right environment variables for the wmill client library to fetch resources and variables from your instance. See local development docs.

Stack

  • Database: Postgres (compatible with Aurora, Cloud SQL, Neon, Azure PostgreSQL)
  • Backend: Rust - stateless API servers and workers pulling jobs from a Postgres queue
  • Frontend: Svelte 5
  • Sandboxing: nsjail and PID namespace isolation
  • Runtimes:
    • TypeScript/JavaScript: Bun (default) and Deno
    • Python: python3 with uv for dependency management
    • Go, Bash, PowerShell, PHP, Rust, C#, Java, Ansible

Fastest Self-Hostable Workflow Engine

We have compared Windmill to other self-hostable workflow engines (Airflow, Prefect & Temporal) and Windmill is the most performant solution for both benchmarks: one flow composed of 40 lightweight tasks & one flow composed of 10 long-running tasks.

All methodology & results on our Benchmarks page.

Fastest workflow engine

Security

  • Sandboxing: nsjail for filesystem/resource isolation, and PID namespace isolation (enabled by default) to prevent jobs from accessing worker process memory
  • Secrets: One encryption key per workspace for credentials stored in Windmill's K/V store. We recommend encrypting the Postgres database as well.

See Security documentation for details.

Performance

Once a job started, there is no overhead compared to running the same script on the node with its corresponding runner (Deno/Go/Python/Bash). The added latency from a job being pulled from the queue, started, and then having its result sent back to the database is ~50ms. A typical lightweight deno job will take around 100ms total.

Architecture

How to self-host

For detailed setup options, see Self-Host documentation.

Docker compose

Deploy Windmill with 3 files (docker-compose.yml, Caddyfile, .env):

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/docker-compose.yml -o docker-compose.yml
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/Caddyfile -o Caddyfile
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/.env -o .env

docker compose up -d

Go to http://localhost - default credentials: admin@windmill.dev / changeme

Using an external database: Set DATABASE_URL in .env to point to your managed Postgres (AWS RDS, GCP Cloud SQL, Azure, Neon, etc.) and set db replicas to 0.

Kubernetes (Helm charts)

helm repo add windmill https://windmill-labs.github.io/windmill-helm-charts/
helm install windmill-chart windmill/windmill --namespace=windmill --create-namespace

See windmill-helm-charts for configuration options.

Cloud providers

Windmill works on AWS (EKS/ECS), GCP, Azure, Ubicloud, Fly.io, Render.com, Hetzner, Digital Ocean, and others. Rule of thumb: 1 worker per 1vCPU and 1-2 GB RAM.

OAuth, SSO & SMTP

Configure OAuth and SSO (Google Workspace, Microsoft/Azure, Okta) directly from the superadmin UI. See documentation.

License

The Community Edition is free to use internally. For commercial redistribution or managed services, contact sales@windmill.dev. See LICENSE and Pricing for details.

The "Community Edition" of Windmill available in the docker images hosted under ghcr.io/windmill-labs/windmill and the github binary releases contains the files under the AGPLv3 and Apache 2 sources but also includes proprietary and non-public code and features which are not open source and under the following terms: Windmill Labs, Inc. grants a right to use all the features of the "Community Edition" for free without restrictions other than the limits and quotas set in the software and a right to distribute the community edition as is but not to sell, resell, serve Windmill as a managed service, modify or wrap under any form without an explicit agreement.

The binary compilable from source code in this repository without the "enterprise" feature flag is open-source under the LICENSE-AGPLv3 License terms and conditions.

To re-expose directly any Windmill parts to your users as a feature of your product, with the exception of iframed public Windmill "apps", or to build a feature on top of "Windmill Community Edition" that you sell commercially or embed in a distributable product or binary, you must get a commercial license. Contact us at sales@windmill.dev if you have any questions. To do the same from the binary compiled from the source code in this repository without the "enterprise" feature flag, you must comply with the AGPLv3 license terms and conditions or get a commercial license from Windmill Labs, Inc.

To use Windmill "Community Edition" as is internally in your organization, or to use its APIs as is, you do NOT need a commercial license.

Integrations

In Windmill, integrations are referred to as resources and resource types. Each Resource has a Resource Type that defines the schema that the resource needs to implement.

On self-hosted instances, you might want to import all the approved resource types from WindmillHub. A setup script will prompt you to have it being synced automatically everyday.

Environment Variables

Environment Variable name Default Description Api Server/Worker/All
DATABASE_URL The Postgres database url. All
WORKER_GROUP default The worker group the worker belongs to and get its configuration pulled from Worker
MODE standalone The mode if the binary. Possible values: standalone, worker, server, agent All
METRICS_ADDR None (ee only) The socket addr at which to expose Prometheus metrics at the /metrics path. Set to "true" to expose it on port 8001 All
JSON_FMT false Output the logs in json format instead of logfmt All
BASE_URL http://localhost:8000 The base url that is exposed publicly to access your instance. Is overriden by the instance settings if any. Server
ZOMBIE_JOB_TIMEOUT 30 The timeout after which a job is considered to be zombie if the worker did not send pings about processing the job (every server check for zombie jobs every 30s) Server
RESTART_ZOMBIE_JOBS true If true then a zombie job is restarted (in-place with the same uuid and some logs), if false the zombie job is failed Server
NATIVE_MODE false Enable native mode: sets NUM_WORKERS=8, rejects non-native jobs (nativets, postgresql, mysql, etc.) Worker
SLEEP_QUEUE 50 The number of ms to sleep in between the last check for new jobs in the DB. It is multiplied by NUM_WORKERS such that in average, for one worker instance, there is one pull every SLEEP_QUEUE ms. Worker
KEEP_JOB_DIR false Keep the job directory after the job is done. Useful for debugging. Worker
LICENSE_KEY (EE only) None License key checked at startup for the Enterprise Edition of Windmill Worker
SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET None The signing secret of your Slack app. See Slack documentation Server
COOKIE_DOMAIN None The domain of the cookie. If not set, the cookie will be set by the browser based on the full origin Server
DENO_PATH /usr/bin/deno The path to the deno binary. Worker
PYTHON_PATH The path to the python binary if wanting to not have it managed by uv. Worker
GO_PATH /usr/bin/go The path to the go binary. Worker
GOPRIVATE The GOPRIVATE env variable to use private go modules Worker
GOPROXY The GOPROXY env variable to use Worker
NETRC The netrc content to use a private go registry Worker
PY_CONCURRENT_DOWNLOADS 20 Sets the maximum number of in-flight concurrent python downloads that windmill will perform at any given time. Worker
PATH None The path environment variable, usually inherited Worker
HOME None The home directory to use for Go and Bash , usually inherited Worker
DATABASE_CONNECTIONS 50 (Server)/3 (Worker) The max number of connections in the database connection pool All
SUPERADMIN_SECRET None A token that would let the caller act as a virtual superadmin superadmin@windmill.dev Server
TIMEOUT_WAIT_RESULT 20 The number of seconds to wait before timeout on the 'run_wait_result' endpoint Worker
QUEUE_LIMIT_WAIT_RESULT None The number of max jobs in the queue before rejecting immediately the request in 'run_wait_result' endpoint. Takes precedence on the query arg. If none is specified, there are no limit. Worker
DENO_AUTH_TOKENS None Custom DENO_AUTH_TOKENS to pass to worker to allow the use of private modules Worker
DISABLE_RESPONSE_LOGS false Disable response logs Server
CREATE_WORKSPACE_REQUIRE_SUPERADMIN true If true, only superadmins can create new workspaces Server
MIN_FREE_DISK_SPACE_MB 15000 Minimum amount of free space on worker. Sends critical alert if worker has less free space. Worker
RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_AT_START false If true, runs CA certificate update command at startup before other initialization All
RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_PATH /usr/sbin/update-ca-certificates Path to the CA certificate update command/script to run when RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_AT_START is true All

Run a local dev setup

We recommend using Nix. See ./frontend/README_DEV.md for all options.

Frontend only

Uses the backend of https://app.windmill.dev with local frontend (hot-reload):

cd frontend
npm install
npm run generate-backend-client  # or generate-backend-client-mac on Mac
npm run dev

Windmill available at http://localhost/

Backend + Frontend

See the ./frontend/README_DEV.md file for all running options.

  1. Start a local Postgres database using for instance the start-dev-db.sh script which will make a database available at postgres://postgres:changeme@localhost:5432/windmill Then run the migrations using the following command:
    cargo install sqlx-cli
    env DATABASE_URL=<YOUR_DATABASE_URL> sqlx migrate run
    
    This will also avoid compile time issue with sqlx's query! macro.
  2. (optional, linux only) Install nsjail and have it accessible in your PATH
  3. Install bun, deno and python3 (+ any languages you want to use), have the bins at /usr/bin/bun,/usr/bin/deno, and /usr/local/bin/python3 or set the corresponding environment variables.
  4. (optional) Install the lld linker
  5. Go to frontend/:
    1. npm install, npm run generate-backend-client then REMOTE=http://localhost:8000 npm run dev
    2. You might need to set some extra heap space for the node runtime export NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=4096"
    3. Create an empty frontend/build folder using mkdir frontend/build
  6. Go to backend/:
    1. env DATABASE_URL=<YOUR_DATABASE_URL> RUST_LOG=info cargo run
    2. You can specify any feature flag you want to enable, for example cargo run --features python to enable the python executor.
  7. Windmill should be available at http://localhost:3000

Contributors

© 2023-2026 Windmill Labs, Inc.

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Description
Open-source developer platform to power your entire infra and turn scripts into webhooks, workflows and UIs. Fastest workflow engine (13x vs Airflow). Open-source alternative to Retool and Temporal.
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