* fix(apps): cover script/flow component outputs in deployed-app S3 provenance gate Deployed apps read S3 files on-behalf of the app author for logged-in viewers (#10048). A confused-deputy guard confines those reads to files the app "produced", but the recent-production check only matched inline `appscript`/ `preview` jobs nested under the app path. Files produced by the deployed script/flow components an app is wired to run (e.g. a SQL query persisted to S3) were therefore denied "File restricted" for every viewer, admins included. Expand the provenance check to also match completed `script`/`flow`/`flowscript`/ `flownode` jobs whose `runnable_path` is one of the app's declared triggerables, and accept the author identity via `permissioned_as = on_behalf_of` (not only `created_by = caller`) so files produced on-behalf of the author are covered. Reads outside the app's declared triggerables stay denied. Adds a regression test seeding a script-kind produced file that reproduces the "File restricted" denial before the fix and passes after. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(apps): key S3 provenance on on-behalf identity + cover flow steps (review) Addresses the CI review on the S3 provenance gate: - P1 (confused deputy): the recent-production check keyed on `created_by = caller`, so a viewer who can run a declared script/flow directly (outside the app, with un-pinned inputs) could craft a result naming an author-only key and read it back through the app as the author. Key provenance instead on the producing job's `permissioned_as` matching the on-behalf identity the download reads as (the author in author-mode); a viewer's direct run has `permissioned_as = viewer` and no longer clears the gate. Drops `created_by` from both the appscript/preview and script/flow branches, closing the same latent hole in the pre-existing inline-script branch. - P2 (dead flow-step branch): `flowscript`/`flownode` jobs have `runnable_path = <flow_path>/<step_id>`, which exact `= ANY(...)` never matched. Split script vs flow triggerable paths; flow kinds now match the flow's own job (bare path) and its step jobs via a `<flow_path>/%` prefix, bounded to declared flows. - P2 (test realism): the regression test now uses the production component-prefixed triggerable key format (`<id>:script/...`), exercises a flow-step-produced key, and asserts a viewer's own direct run of a declared script stays denied (the P1 case). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(apps): tie deployed-app S3 provenance to an app-origination marker (review) Second CI-review round flagged that `permissioned_as` still does not prove a job was app-launched: a runnable configured with its own `on_behalf_of` makes a direct `/jobs/run` resolve `permissioned_as` to that identity (the app author), so a viewer with run access could execute a declared runnable directly, craft an S3 result, and read it back through the app. The flow-path `LIKE fp || '/%'` match also let `_`/`%` in a declared path admit unrelated flows. Introduce a real app-origination marker instead of inferring provenance: - Add `JobTriggerKind::App`; `execute_component` stamps every app-launched job with `trigger_kind = 'app'` + `trigger = <app path>`. A direct `/jobs/run` cannot set this, so it is the authoritative signal that a file was produced *by the app*. - The provenance gate's recent-production check collapses to `trigger_kind = 'app' AND trigger = <this app path>` (+ the 3h window and result containment). This drops the forgeable `created_by`/`permissioned_as`/ `runnable_path`/kind logic entirely and removes the `LIKE` wildcard issue. - Provenance is scoped to THIS app's path, so another app's jobs (even same author) do not authorize this app's reads. Regression test rewritten to the marker model: an app-produced key clears for viewer and admin; a direct run whose `permissioned_as` resolves to the author stays denied (the forgery); another app's output stays denied. Adds `app` to the OpenAPI JobTriggerKind enum. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * test(apps): assert execute_component stamps trigger_kind='app' at runtime Adds an end-to-end test that runs a real script component through the app runtime (`apps_u/execute_component`) and asserts the enqueued job carries the app-origination marker `trigger_kind = 'app'` + `trigger = <app path>` (not the runnable path). The provenance-gate tests seed the marker directly; this proves the runtime actually produces the exact marker the gate depends on. execute_component commits the job row and returns its id, so the assertion reads the row directly — no worker needed to run the job. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(triggers): reject trigger_kind=app for suspended-job reassignment (review) `JobTriggerKind::App` (added for the app-origination S3 marker) became a valid value for the resume/cancel suspended-trigger routes, whose handler derives the table name `<kind>_trigger`. There is no `app_trigger` table, so both endpoints would fail with a missing-relation database error (500). Reject `App` in `get_suspended_trigger` alongside webhook/schedule so it returns a clean 400. Adds a regression test asserting the reassignment route returns 400 (not 500) for trigger_kind=app. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(apps): don't stamp app-origination marker on preview runs (review) The app-origination marker (trigger_kind='app') was stamped unconditionally, including preview mode. A preview lets a `jobs:run` caller supply arbitrary `raw_code` against ANY app path without that app's deployed policy (raw_code with no path/id skips all app authorization), so a preview returning `{"s3":"<author-only-key>"}` would forge the exact marker the S3 provenance gate trusts and read the victim app author's file. Gate the marker on `!is_preview`: only deployed, policy-checked executions are app-provenanced. Preview/editor S3 display does not rely on this marker (the editor routes reads through the force_viewer allowlist), so nothing legitimate regresses. Adds a regression test asserting a preview run's job is not stamped trigger_kind='app'. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(apps): editor-authorize preview marker + per-viewer S3 provenance isolation (review) Closes the codex P1 (preview forgery) without breaking editor preview downloads, and adds cross-viewer isolation to the provenance gate. - Preview marker now requires app write: `execute_component` stamps the app-origination marker on a preview only when the caller can EDIT that app (`require_is_writer`), instead of never stamping previews. An app editor already wields the app's author identity (they can deploy a component that reads the same file), so marking their own preview is no escalation and keeps preview-produced S3 results downloadable in the editor; a `jobs:run`-only caller who cannot edit the app still cannot forge the marker. Deployed runs are unchanged (always marked). - Per-viewer isolation: the provenance gate now also requires `j.created_by = <this caller>`. The security boundary stays the un-forgeable `trigger_kind='app'` marker; `created_by` is an additional filter ANDed under it, so it only narrows — a viewer can only download keys their OWN app runs produced, not another viewer's result. Restores the per-caller scoping #10048 had, now safe on top of the marker. Tests: preview marked iff caller can edit the app; cross-viewer isolation (another viewer's app-marked key denied, no admin bypass); direct-run and other-app keys still denied; deployed run still stamped. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(apps): require apps:write scope (not just writer ACL) to mark preview provenance (review) require_is_writer checks the user's underlying ACL but ignores token scopes, so a writer's token deliberately scoped to apps:run/apps:read/jobs:run but WITHOUT apps:write could still mark a preview and forge provenance — even though that token cannot deploy the app (update_app requires apps:write), breaking the "any marked caller can deploy equivalent code" rationale. Require BOTH apps:write:<path> scope (check_scopes) AND the writer ACL (require_is_writer) before stamping a preview's app-origination marker. Deployed runs unchanged. Adds a scope-restricted-writer token to the test (apps:run/read + jobs:run, no apps:write) and asserts its preview stays unmarked; retains the full-editor positive case and the non-editor negative case. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(apps): never app-provenance preview runs; read editor S3 as the caller (review) Simplifies the preview handling: a preview executes as the *caller* (Viewer mode), never as the author, so its results must be read back as the caller — never author-mode — and must never carry the app-origination marker. This removes the whole `require_is_writer` / `apps:write` / `can_preserve_on_behalf_of` reasoning (which was also unsound: a writer's token or session may not be able to deploy a component running as the app's on-behalf identity, so marking their preview could still escalate). - Backend: mark the app-origination marker for deployed runs only (`!is_preview`). - Frontend: `getS3File` (AppImage/AppPdf/AppDownload) now routes editor/preview reads through the viewer-scoped `job_helpers/download_s3_file` endpoint (reads as the caller), matching what DisplayResult/ParqetCsvTableRenderer already do; only a deployed app view uses the provenance-gated `apps_u` endpoint. This is the path that previously relied on marking previews, so nothing regresses. Test: a preview is never app-provenanced (owner's own preview and a non-editor's both stay unmarked). Cross-viewer isolation, deployed marking, and the reassignment guard are unchanged. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(apps): app components run on-behalf of the app, not the referenced runnable (review) Root-causes codex's on-behalf-preview finding: `execute_component` was overriding the app's resolved on-behalf identity with the referenced script/flow's OWN `on_behalf_of` (its `on_behalf_of_email`). That is wrong in the app context — the app's execution mode should govern: - A Viewer-mode app could execute a component AS the referenced runnable's on_behalf identity (privilege confusion / escalation), instead of as the viewer. - A preview would run as that identity rather than as the caller, so its S3 output could not be read back as the caller — the download-identity mismatch codex flagged. Always use the app-resolved identity (author in author-mode, caller in viewer/preview); a referenced runnable's own `on_behalf_of` no longer leaks into app execution. Direct `/jobs/run` still honors a runnable's `on_behalf_of` (unchanged). With this, previews always run as the caller, so reading editor/preview S3 as the caller (viewer-scoped `job_helpers`) is unconditionally correct. - Test: the deployed-component e2e now seeds the script with a distinct on_behalf and asserts the component job's `permissioned_as` is the app identity, not the script's. - Also reword the getS3File `configuration` param comment to describe current state only (AGENTS.md comment rule). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * chore(apps): surface 'app' trigger kind in Runs UI; condense provenance comments (review) Addresses codex review nits: - Add `app` to `jobTriggerKinds`, `triggerIconMap` (LayoutDashboard), and `triggerDisplayNamesMap` so app-component jobs (which now carry `trigger_kind = 'app'`) are filterable in Runs and render their trigger info. - Condense the app-origination marker, on-behalf-identity, and provenance-gate comments to state each invariant once in <=4 lines at its relevant site (AGENTS.md comment rule). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> --------- Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Open-source developer platform for internal code: APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs. Self-hostable alternative to Retool, Pipedream, Superblocks and a simplified Temporal with autogenerated UIs and custom UIs to trigger workflows and scripts as internal apps.
Scripts are turned into sharable UIs automatically, and can be composed together into flows or used into richer apps built with low-code. Supported languages: Python, TypeScript, Go, Bash, SQL, GraphQL, PowerShell, Rust, and more.
Try it - Website - Docs - Discord - Hub - Contributor's guide
Windmill - Developer platform for APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs
Windmill is fully open-sourced (AGPLv3) and Windmill Labs offers dedicated instances and commercial support and licenses.
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d80de1d9-64de-4d89-aacd-6df23fa81fc4
- Windmill - Developer platform for APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs
Main Concepts
- Define a minimal and generic script in Python, TypeScript, Go or Bash that solves a specific task. The code can be defined in the provided Web IDE or synchronized with your own GitHub repo (e.g. through VS Code extension): provided Web IDE or synchronized with your own GitHub repo (e.g. through VS Code extension):
- Your scripts parameters are automatically parsed and generate a frontend.
- Make it flow! You can chain your scripts or scripts made by the community shared on WindmillHub.
- Build complex UIs on top of your scripts and flows.
Scripts and flows can be triggered by schedules, webhooks, HTTP routes, Kafka, WebSockets, emails, and more.
Build your entire infra on top of Windmill!
Show me some actual script code
//import any dependency from npm
import * as wmill from "windmill-client";
import * as cowsay from "cowsay@1.5.0";
// fill the type, or use the +Resource type to get a type-safe reference to a resource
type Postgresql = {
host: string;
port: number;
user: string;
dbname: string;
sslmode: string;
password: string;
};
export async function main(
a: number,
b: "my" | "enum",
c: Postgresql,
d = "inferred type string from default arg",
e = { nested: "object" }
//f: wmill.Base64
) {
const email = process.env["WM_EMAIL"];
// variables are permissioned and by path
let variable = await wmill.getVariable("f/company-folder/my_secret");
const lastTimeRun = await wmill.getState();
// logs are printed and always inspectable
console.log(cowsay.say({ text: "hello " + email + " " + lastTimeRun }));
await wmill.setState(Date.now());
// return is serialized as JSON
return { foo: d, variable };
}
Local Development
Windmill supports multiple ways to develop locally and sync with your instance:
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| CLI | Sync scripts from local files or GitHub, run scripts/flows from the command line |
| VS Code Extension | Edit and test scripts & flows directly from VS Code / Cursor with full IDE support |
| Git Sync | Two-way sync between Windmill and your Git repository |
| Claude Code | AI-assisted development with Claude for scripts, flows, and apps |
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c541c326-e9ae-4602-a09a-1989aaded1e9
You can run scripts locally by passing the right environment variables for the wmill client library to fetch resources and variables from your instance. See local development docs.
Stack
- Database: Postgres (compatible with Aurora, Cloud SQL, Neon, Azure PostgreSQL)
- Backend: Rust - stateless API servers and workers pulling jobs from a Postgres queue
- Frontend: Svelte 5
- Sandboxing: nsjail and PID namespace isolation
- Runtimes:
- TypeScript/JavaScript: Bun (default) and Deno
- Python: python3 with uv for dependency management
- Go, Bash, PowerShell, PHP, Rust, C#, Java, Ansible
Fastest Self-Hostable Workflow Engine
We have compared Windmill to other self-hostable workflow engines (Airflow, Prefect & Temporal) and Windmill is the most performant solution for both benchmarks: one flow composed of 40 lightweight tasks & one flow composed of 10 long-running tasks.
All methodology & results on our Benchmarks page.
Security
- Sandboxing: nsjail for filesystem/resource isolation, and PID namespace isolation (enabled by default) to prevent jobs from accessing worker process memory
- Secrets: One encryption key per workspace for credentials stored in Windmill's K/V store. We recommend encrypting the Postgres database as well.
See Security documentation for details.
Performance
Once a job started, there is no overhead compared to running the same script on the node with its corresponding runner (Deno/Go/Python/Bash). The added latency from a job being pulled from the queue, started, and then having its result sent back to the database is ~50ms. A typical lightweight deno job will take around 100ms total.
Architecture
How to self-host
For detailed setup options, see Self-Host documentation.
Docker compose
Deploy Windmill with 3 files (docker-compose.yml, Caddyfile, .env):
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/docker-compose.yml -o docker-compose.yml
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/Caddyfile -o Caddyfile
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/.env -o .env
docker compose up -d
Go to http://localhost - default credentials: admin@windmill.dev / changeme
Using an external database: Set DATABASE_URL in .env to point to your managed Postgres (AWS RDS, GCP Cloud SQL, Azure, Neon, etc.) and set db replicas to 0.
Kubernetes (Helm charts)
helm repo add windmill https://windmill-labs.github.io/windmill-helm-charts/
helm install windmill-chart windmill/windmill --namespace=windmill --create-namespace
See windmill-helm-charts for configuration options.
Cloud providers
Windmill works on AWS (EKS/ECS), GCP, Azure, Ubicloud, Fly.io, Render.com, Hetzner, Digital Ocean, and others. Rule of thumb: 1 worker per 1vCPU and 1-2 GB RAM.
OAuth, SSO & SMTP
Configure OAuth and SSO (Google Workspace, Microsoft/Azure, Okta) directly from the superadmin UI. See documentation.
License
The Community Edition is free to use internally. For commercial redistribution or managed services, contact sales@windmill.dev. See LICENSE and Pricing for details.
The "Community Edition" of Windmill available in the docker images hosted under ghcr.io/windmill-labs/windmill and the github binary releases contains the files under the AGPLv3 and Apache 2 sources but also includes proprietary and non-public code and features which are not open source and under the following terms: Windmill Labs, Inc. grants a right to use all the features of the "Community Edition" for free without restrictions other than the limits and quotas set in the software and a right to distribute the community edition as is but not to sell, resell, serve Windmill as a managed service, modify or wrap under any form without an explicit agreement.
The binary compilable from source code in this repository without the "enterprise" feature flag is open-source under the LICENSE-AGPLv3 License terms and conditions.
To re-expose directly any Windmill parts to your users as a feature of your product, with the exception of iframed public Windmill "apps", or to build a feature on top of "Windmill Community Edition" that you sell commercially or embed in a distributable product or binary, you must get a commercial license. Contact us at sales@windmill.dev if you have any questions. To do the same from the binary compiled from the source code in this repository without the "enterprise" feature flag, you must comply with the AGPLv3 license terms and conditions or get a commercial license from Windmill Labs, Inc.
To use Windmill "Community Edition" as is internally in your organization, or to use its APIs as is, you do NOT need a commercial license.
Integrations
In Windmill, integrations are referred to as resources and resource types. Each Resource has a Resource Type that defines the schema that the resource needs to implement.
On self-hosted instances, you might want to import all the approved resource types from WindmillHub. A setup script will prompt you to have it being synced automatically everyday.
Environment Variables
| Environment Variable name | Default | Description | Api Server/Worker/All |
|---|---|---|---|
| DATABASE_URL | The Postgres database url. | All | |
| WORKER_GROUP | default | The worker group the worker belongs to and get its configuration pulled from | Worker |
| MODE | standalone | The mode if the binary. Possible values: standalone, worker, server, agent | All |
| METRICS_ADDR | None | (ee only) The socket addr at which to expose Prometheus metrics at the /metrics path. Set to "true" to expose it on port 8001 | All |
| JSON_FMT | false | Output the logs in json format instead of logfmt | All |
| BASE_URL | http://localhost:8000 | The base url that is exposed publicly to access your instance. Is overriden by the instance settings if any. | Server |
| ZOMBIE_JOB_TIMEOUT | 30 | The timeout after which a job is considered to be zombie if the worker did not send pings about processing the job (every server check for zombie jobs every 30s) | Server |
| RESTART_ZOMBIE_JOBS | true | If true then a zombie job is restarted (in-place with the same uuid and some logs), if false the zombie job is failed | Server |
| NATIVE_MODE | false | Enable native mode: sets NUM_WORKERS=8, rejects non-native jobs (nativets, postgresql, mysql, etc.) | Worker |
| SLEEP_QUEUE | 50 | The number of ms to sleep in between the last check for new jobs in the DB. It is multiplied by NUM_WORKERS such that in average, for one worker instance, there is one pull every SLEEP_QUEUE ms. | Worker |
| KEEP_JOB_DIR | false | Keep the job directory after the job is done. Useful for debugging. | Worker |
| LICENSE_KEY (EE only) | None | License key checked at startup for the Enterprise Edition of Windmill | Worker |
| SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET | None | The signing secret of your Slack app. See Slack documentation | Server |
| COOKIE_DOMAIN | None | The domain of the cookie. If not set, the cookie will be set by the browser based on the full origin | Server |
| DENO_PATH | /usr/bin/deno | The path to the deno binary. | Worker |
| PYTHON_PATH | The path to the python binary if wanting to not have it managed by uv. | Worker | |
| GO_PATH | /usr/bin/go | The path to the go binary. | Worker |
| GOPRIVATE | The GOPRIVATE env variable to use private go modules | Worker | |
| GOPROXY | The GOPROXY env variable to use | Worker | |
| NETRC | The netrc content to use a private go registry | Worker | |
| PY_CONCURRENT_DOWNLOADS | 20 | Sets the maximum number of in-flight concurrent python downloads that windmill will perform at any given time. | Worker |
| PATH | None | The path environment variable, usually inherited | Worker |
| HOME | None | The home directory to use for Go and Bash , usually inherited | Worker |
| DATABASE_CONNECTIONS | 50 (Server)/3 (Worker) | The max number of connections in the database connection pool | All |
| SUPERADMIN_SECRET | None | A token that would let the caller act as a virtual superadmin superadmin@windmill.dev | Server |
| TIMEOUT_WAIT_RESULT | 20 | The number of seconds to wait before timeout on the 'run_wait_result' endpoint | Worker |
| QUEUE_LIMIT_WAIT_RESULT | None | The number of max jobs in the queue before rejecting immediately the request in 'run_wait_result' endpoint. Takes precedence on the query arg. If none is specified, there are no limit. | Worker |
| DENO_AUTH_TOKENS | None | Custom DENO_AUTH_TOKENS to pass to worker to allow the use of private modules | Worker |
| DISABLE_RESPONSE_LOGS | false | Disable response logs | Server |
| CREATE_WORKSPACE_REQUIRE_SUPERADMIN | true | If true, only superadmins can create new workspaces | Server |
| MIN_FREE_DISK_SPACE_MB | 15000 | Minimum amount of free space on worker. Sends critical alert if worker has less free space. | Worker |
| RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_AT_START | false | If true, runs CA certificate update command at startup before other initialization | All |
| RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_PATH | /usr/sbin/update-ca-certificates | Path to the CA certificate update command/script to run when RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_AT_START is true | All |
Run a local dev setup
We recommend using Nix. See ./frontend/README_DEV.md for all options.
Frontend only
Uses the backend of https://app.windmill.dev with local frontend (hot-reload):
cd frontend
npm install
npm run generate-backend-client # or generate-backend-client-mac on Mac
npm run dev
Windmill available at http://localhost/
Backend + Frontend
See the ./frontend/README_DEV.md file for all running options.
- Start a local Postgres database using for instance the
start-dev-db.shscript which will make a database available atpostgres://postgres:changeme@localhost:5432/windmillThen run the migrations using the following command:This will also avoid compile time issue with sqlx'scargo install sqlx-cli env DATABASE_URL=<YOUR_DATABASE_URL> sqlx migrate runquery!macro. - (optional, linux only) Install nsjail and have it accessible in your PATH
- Install bun, deno and python3 (+ any languages you want to use), have the bins at
/usr/bin/bun,/usr/bin/deno, and/usr/local/bin/python3or set the corresponding environment variables. - (optional) Install the lld linker
- Go to
frontend/:npm install,npm run generate-backend-clientthenREMOTE=http://localhost:8000 npm run dev- You might need to set some extra heap space for the node runtime
export NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=4096" - Create an empty
frontend/buildfolder usingmkdir frontend/build
- Go to
backend/:env DATABASE_URL=<YOUR_DATABASE_URL> RUST_LOG=info cargo run- You can specify any feature flag you want to enable, for example
cargo run --features pythonto enable the python executor.
- Windmill should be available at
http://localhost:3000
Contributors
Copyright
© 2023-2026 Windmill Labs, Inc.






