8aab5034a6 feat: guest JWT entry for embedded apps (#10954)
* feat: guest JWT entry for embedded apps (jwt_guest_)

A second way in for a guest, alongside the signed-in guest session: a JWT the
embedding customer's backend mints and signs, verified per request against a
per-workspace key (a PEM public key or a JWKS URL), resolving to the same
seatless guest identity confined to the one app its app_path claim names.
Bearer prefix jwt_guest_, stateless (no token row). See PR #10954.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* feat: surface guest JWT as the embed method in the app deploy drawer

The deploy drawer explained the secret-URL embed but not the guest JWT path, so
the primary way to embed an app for a customer's own authenticated users was
undiscoverable. For a guest-mode app with guests enabled, show how to mint a
`jwt_guest_` token and append `guest.<jwt>` to the app URL, with a copyable
iframe template pre-filled with this app's workspace_id and app_path, and a note
that new guest emails are refused past the instance's free allowance (the live
count is shown just above).

Also log a guest JWT allowance refusal at warn, not info: the caller gets a bare
401 (the reason must not leak to an unauthenticated caller), so the log is the
admin's signal that the instance hit its guest cap.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: correct the guest JWT minting instructions in the embed block

The block said "sign it with the workspace's guest JWT key", but that setting
holds the public verification key. Clarify the keypair relationship (configure
the public key or a JWKS URL in the workspace; sign with the matching private
key), name the accepted algorithms (RS/PS/ES; HS* refused), and keep the
required claims, so an embedder knows how to actually mint the token.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* feat: fall back to the instance JWT issuer for guest verification (off on cloud)

A workspace with no guest key of its own now verifies guest JWTs against the
instance issuer (JWT_EXT_JWKS_URL, already used by jwt_ext_), so an operator
running one issuer configures it once. Verification and the guest grant are CE;
granting a full login from that issuer stays EE (jwt_ext_, unchanged). Disabled
under CLOUD_HOSTED, where one instance issuer must not be trusted to mint guests
in every tenant's workspace — there the per-workspace key is the only source,
which also stays the override everywhere. The workspace settings note (hidden on
cloud) explains the fallback.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: embed instructions cover both the workspace key and instance issuer

The embed block said to set the workspace's guest JWT key; now it says Windmill
verifies against the workspace key or, off cloud, the instance issuer
(JWT_EXT_JWKS_URL) when no workspace key is set. The instance clause is hidden
under isCloudHosted().

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: show the guest JWT embed block only when Embed is toggled

It belongs with the iframe snippet, not the plain-URL view, so gate it on
embedMode alongside the guest-mode / guests-enabled checks.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: trust the instance issuer in the guest fallback; refresh stale docs

P1 (CI review): the fallback wrapped JWT_EXT_JWKS_URL as a workspace JwksUrl, so
it hit validate_guest_jwks_url and was refused for http/private issuers unless
ALLOW_PRIVATE_GUEST_JWKS_URLS was also set — a self-hosted internal issuer that
works for jwt_ext_ failed for guests, though the UI says setting the env var is
enough. fetch_jwks now fetches the instance issuer without the https/private
restriction (matching the jwt_ext_ loader; it stays operator-trusted), while a
workspace-admin URL is validated and pinned as before. All the size/key/URL
bounds still apply to both.

P2 (CI review): refresh the stale docs that said a missing workspace key always
refuses a guest JWT — the module, bearer, key-source, and EditGuestJwtKey field
docs now describe the workspace key with the off-cloud instance-issuer fallback.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: fetch the trusted instance issuer like the jwt_ext_ loader

P1 (CI review): the instance-issuer fetch skipped SSRF validation but still
disabled redirects and default cert validation, so an instance issuer that works
for jwt_ext_ through a redirect or an operator-approved self-signed cert failed
the guest fallback. Fetch it with HTTP_CLIENT_PERMISSIVE (follows redirects,
honors ACCEPT_INVALID_CERTS) — the same behavior jwt_ext_ has — while a
workspace-admin URL stays validated, DNS-pinned and redirect-free. The body size
cap still bounds both.

P2 (CI review): the WorkspaceSettings field doc still said None/None means no JWT
guests; it now names the off-cloud instance-issuer fallback.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* docs: schema summary + OpenAPI cover the guest JWT columns and fallback

P2 (CI review): summarized_schema.txt was missing guest_activity.jwt_entry and
the two workspace_settings guest-JWT key columns (required by docs/validation.md
after a schema change). The edit_guest_jwt_key OpenAPI description now notes that
clearing the workspace key falls back to the instance issuer (JWT_EXT_JWKS_URL)
off cloud rather than necessarily stopping guest JWTs.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: keep JWKS single-flight locks in a self-cleaning map, not a bounded cache

P1 (CI review): JWKS_FETCH_LOCKS was a 200-entry quick_cache. Past 200 cold URLs
it can evict a lock whose fetch is still in flight; the next request for that URL
then mints a fresh lock and starts a second fetch, so cycling configured
workspaces defeats single-flight and can storm the issuers. Replace it with a
plain map guarded by a JwksFetchLock RAII handle that removes each entry once its
last holder drops, so the map only ever holds the fetches in flight and never
evicts an in-flight lock. Add a unit test pinning the shared-lock and
self-cleaning invariants.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* chore: update ee-repo-ref to c2270eb5fe2d9f0968253e6b460c33186363f4e7

This commit updates the EE repository reference after PR #773 was merged in windmill-ee-private.

Previous ee-repo-ref: 5a1d9dee34159512c0823fddcd3d096490edbcce

New ee-repo-ref: c2270eb5fe2d9f0968253e6b460c33186363f4e7

Automated by sync-ee-ref workflow.

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: windmill-internal-app[bot] <windmill-internal-app[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-09-05 10:23:37 +00:00
2024-02-08 16:09:11 +01:00
2026-02-03 17:50:56 +00:00
2026-09-03 13:08:33 +02:00
2023-08-26 09:17:07 +02:00
2026-08-19 14:18:37 +00:00
2025-04-21 16:53:23 +02:00
2026-04-16 06:26:25 -07:00
2025-12-08 10:34:16 +00:00
2025-03-07 15:08:19 +01:00
2022-05-05 04:25:58 +02:00
2024-02-08 16:09:11 +01:00

windmill.dev

Open-source developer platform for internal code: APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs. Self-hostable alternative to Retool, Pipedream, Superblocks and a simplified Temporal with autogenerated UIs and custom UIs to trigger workflows and scripts as internal apps.

Scripts are turned into sharable UIs automatically, and can be composed together into flows or used into richer apps built with low-code. Supported languages: Python, TypeScript, Go, Bash, SQL, GraphQL, PowerShell, Rust, and more.

Package version Docker Image CI Package version

Commit activity Discord Shield

Try it - Website - Docs - Discord - Hub - Contributing

Windmill - Developer platform for APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs

Windmill is fully open-sourced (AGPLv3) and Windmill Labs offers dedicated instances and commercial support and licenses.

Windmill Diagram

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d80de1d9-64de-4d89-aacd-6df23fa81fc4

Main Concepts

  1. Define a minimal and generic script in Python, TypeScript, Go or Bash that solves a specific task. The code can be defined in the provided Web IDE or synchronized with your own GitHub repo (e.g. through VS Code extension): provided Web IDE or synchronized with your own GitHub repo (e.g. through VS Code extension):

Step 1

  1. Your scripts parameters are automatically parsed and generate a frontend.

Step 2

Step 3

  1. Make it flow! You can chain your scripts or scripts made by the community shared on WindmillHub.

Step 3

  1. Build complex UIs on top of your scripts and flows.

Step 4

Scripts and flows can be triggered by schedules, webhooks, HTTP routes, Kafka, WebSockets, emails, and more.

Build your entire infra on top of Windmill!

Show me some actual script code

//import any dependency  from npm
import * as wmill from "windmill-client";
import * as cowsay from "cowsay@1.5.0";

// fill the type, or use the +Resource type to get a type-safe reference to a resource
type Postgresql = {
  host: string;
  port: number;
  user: string;
  dbname: string;
  sslmode: string;
  password: string;
};

export async function main(
  a: number,
  b: "my" | "enum",
  c: Postgresql,
  d = "inferred type string from default arg",
  e = { nested: "object" }
  //f: wmill.Base64
) {
  const email = process.env["WM_EMAIL"];
  // variables are permissioned and by path
  let variable = await wmill.getVariable("f/company-folder/my_secret");
  const lastTimeRun = await wmill.getState();
  // logs are printed and always inspectable
  console.log(cowsay.say({ text: "hello " + email + " " + lastTimeRun }));
  await wmill.setState(Date.now());

  // return is serialized as JSON
  return { foo: d, variable };
}

Local Development

Windmill supports multiple ways to develop locally and sync with your instance:

Tool Description
CLI Sync scripts from local files or GitHub, run scripts/flows from the command line
VS Code Extension Edit and test scripts & flows directly from VS Code / Cursor with full IDE support
Git Sync Two-way sync between Windmill and your Git repository
Claude Code AI-assisted development with Claude for scripts, flows, and apps

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c541c326-e9ae-4602-a09a-1989aaded1e9

You can run scripts locally by passing the right environment variables for the wmill client library to fetch resources and variables from your instance. See local development docs.

Stack

  • Database: Postgres (compatible with Aurora, Cloud SQL, Neon, Azure PostgreSQL)
  • Backend: Rust - stateless API servers and workers pulling jobs from a Postgres queue
  • Frontend: Svelte 5
  • Sandboxing: nsjail and PID namespace isolation
  • Runtimes:
    • TypeScript/JavaScript: Bun (default) and Deno
    • Python: python3 with uv for dependency management
    • Go, Bash, PowerShell, PHP, Rust, C#, Java, Ansible

Fastest Self-Hostable Workflow Engine

We have compared Windmill to other self-hostable workflow engines (Airflow, Prefect & Temporal) and Windmill is the most performant solution for both benchmarks: one flow composed of 40 lightweight tasks & one flow composed of 10 long-running tasks.

All methodology & results on our Benchmarks page.

Fastest workflow engine

Security

  • Sandboxing: nsjail for filesystem/resource isolation, and PID namespace isolation (enabled by default) to prevent jobs from accessing worker process memory
  • Secrets: One encryption key per workspace for credentials stored in Windmill's K/V store. We recommend encrypting the Postgres database as well.

See Security documentation for details.

Performance

Once a job started, there is no overhead compared to running the same script on the node with its corresponding runner (Deno/Go/Python/Bash). The added latency from a job being pulled from the queue, started, and then having its result sent back to the database is ~50ms. A typical lightweight deno job will take around 100ms total.

Architecture

How to self-host

For detailed setup options, see Self-Host documentation.

Docker compose

Deploy Windmill with 3 files (docker-compose.yml, Caddyfile, .env):

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/docker-compose.yml -o docker-compose.yml
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/Caddyfile -o Caddyfile
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/.env -o .env

docker compose up -d

Go to http://localhost - default credentials: admin@windmill.dev / changeme

Using an external database: Set DATABASE_URL in .env to point to your managed Postgres (AWS RDS, GCP Cloud SQL, Azure, Neon, etc.) and set db replicas to 0.

Kubernetes (Helm charts)

helm repo add windmill https://windmill-labs.github.io/windmill-helm-charts/
helm install windmill-chart windmill/windmill --namespace=windmill --create-namespace

See windmill-helm-charts for configuration options.

Cloud providers

Windmill works on AWS (EKS/ECS), GCP, Azure, Ubicloud, Fly.io, Render.com, Hetzner, Digital Ocean, and others. Rule of thumb: 1 worker per 1vCPU and 1-2 GB RAM.

OAuth, SSO & SMTP

Configure OAuth and SSO (Google Workspace, Microsoft/Azure, Okta) directly from the superadmin UI. See documentation.

License

The Community Edition is free to use internally. For commercial redistribution or managed services, contact sales@windmill.dev. See LICENSE and Pricing for details.

The "Community Edition" of Windmill available in the docker images hosted under ghcr.io/windmill-labs/windmill and the github binary releases contains the files under the AGPLv3 and Apache 2 sources but also includes proprietary and non-public code and features which are not open source and under the following terms: Windmill Labs, Inc. grants a right to use all the features of the "Community Edition" for free without restrictions other than the limits and quotas set in the software and a right to distribute the community edition as is but not to sell, resell, serve Windmill as a managed service, modify or wrap under any form without an explicit agreement.

The binary compilable from source code in this repository without the "enterprise" feature flag is open-source under the LICENSE-AGPLv3 License terms and conditions.

To re-expose directly any Windmill parts to your users as a feature of your product, with the exception of iframed public Windmill "apps", or to build a feature on top of "Windmill Community Edition" that you sell commercially or embed in a distributable product or binary, you must get a commercial license. Contact us at sales@windmill.dev if you have any questions. To do the same from the binary compiled from the source code in this repository without the "enterprise" feature flag, you must comply with the AGPLv3 license terms and conditions or get a commercial license from Windmill Labs, Inc.

To use Windmill "Community Edition" as is internally in your organization, or to use its APIs as is, you do NOT need a commercial license.

Integrations

In Windmill, integrations are referred to as resources and resource types. Each Resource has a Resource Type that defines the schema that the resource needs to implement.

On self-hosted instances, you might want to import all the approved resource types from WindmillHub. A setup script will prompt you to have it being synced automatically everyday.

Environment Variables

Environment Variable name Default Description Api Server/Worker/All
DATABASE_URL The Postgres database url. All
WORKER_GROUP default The worker group the worker belongs to and get its configuration pulled from Worker
MODE standalone The mode if the binary. Possible values: standalone, worker, server, agent All
METRICS_ADDR None (ee only) The socket addr at which to expose Prometheus metrics at the /metrics path. Set to "true" to expose it on port 8001 All
JSON_FMT false Output the logs in json format instead of logfmt All
BASE_URL http://localhost:8000 The base url that is exposed publicly to access your instance. Is overriden by the instance settings if any. Server
ZOMBIE_JOB_TIMEOUT 30 The timeout after which a job is considered to be zombie if the worker did not send pings about processing the job (every server check for zombie jobs every 30s) Server
RESTART_ZOMBIE_JOBS true If true then a zombie job is restarted (in-place with the same uuid and some logs), if false the zombie job is failed Server
NATIVE_MODE false Enable native mode: sets NUM_WORKERS=8, rejects non-native jobs (nativets, postgresql, mysql, etc.) Worker
SLEEP_QUEUE 50 The number of ms to sleep in between the last check for new jobs in the DB. It is multiplied by NUM_WORKERS such that in average, for one worker instance, there is one pull every SLEEP_QUEUE ms. Worker
KEEP_JOB_DIR false Keep the job directory after the job is done. Useful for debugging. Worker
EXIT_AFTER_N_JOBS None Exit the worker process after it has executed that many jobs, so that a supervisor restarts it and no process runs more than that many, bar the steps of a same-worker flow it has started, which it always finishes (set it to 1 for a process per job; jobs handed to a dedicated worker, and the worker's own init and periodic scripts, do not count). Not counting the init and periodic scripts means they run again on every restart: an init script's runtime is added to the latency of every batch of that many jobs, and a periodic script fires once per process start whatever its interval says. The worker's shell in the workers page also starts backed off rather than after the two minutes it otherwise takes, since a process due to be recycled cannot count on living that long: the first command of a session can wait up to 15s, later ones are immediate. For deployments that isolate executions by process lifetime rather than with nsjail; note that a container restart resets the process, not the container filesystem, so caches and /tmp survive it. The worker name is then derived from the hostname instead of being random, so the restarted worker keeps its row in the workers list (an agent worker keeps the row but restarts its job count). Use one worker per process: workers of one process share its environment, so the first to reach the limit shuts the others down too. Worker
WORKER_SUFFIX None Pins the last part of the worker name, which is otherwise random, so that a restarted worker keeps its row in the workers list. Only needed when several worker processes of the same worker group run on one host, since the name is derived from the hostname: give each of them a distinct value, as two processes sharing one must never happen. At most 64 letters, digits and underscores; anything else is refused at startup. Worker
LICENSE_KEY (EE only) None License key checked at startup for the Enterprise Edition of Windmill Worker
SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET None The signing secret of your Slack app. See Slack documentation Server
COOKIE_DOMAIN None The domain of the cookie. If not set, the cookie will be set by the browser based on the full origin Server
DENO_PATH /usr/bin/deno The path to the deno binary. Worker
PYTHON_PATH The path to the python binary if wanting to not have it managed by uv. Worker
GO_PATH /usr/bin/go The path to the go binary. Worker
GOPRIVATE The GOPRIVATE env variable to use private go modules Worker
GOPROXY The GOPROXY env variable to use Worker
NETRC The netrc content to use a private go registry Worker
PY_CONCURRENT_DOWNLOADS 20 Sets the maximum number of in-flight concurrent python downloads that windmill will perform at any given time. Worker
PATH None The path environment variable, usually inherited Worker
HOME None The home directory to use for Go and Bash , usually inherited Worker
DATABASE_CONNECTIONS 50 (Server)/3 (Worker) The max number of connections in the database connection pool All
SUPERADMIN_SECRET None A token that would let the caller act as a virtual superadmin superadmin@windmill.dev Server
TIMEOUT_WAIT_RESULT 20 The number of seconds to wait before timeout on the 'run_wait_result' endpoint Worker
QUEUE_LIMIT_WAIT_RESULT None The number of max jobs in the queue before rejecting immediately the request in 'run_wait_result' endpoint. Takes precedence on the query arg. If none is specified, there are no limit. Worker
DENO_AUTH_TOKENS None Custom DENO_AUTH_TOKENS to pass to worker to allow the use of private modules Worker
DISABLE_RESPONSE_LOGS false Disable response logs Server
CREATE_WORKSPACE_REQUIRE_SUPERADMIN true If true, only superadmins can create new workspaces Server
MIN_FREE_DISK_SPACE_MB 15000 Minimum amount of free space on worker. Sends critical alert if worker has less free space. Worker
RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_AT_START false If true, runs CA certificate update command at startup before other initialization All
RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_PATH /usr/sbin/update-ca-certificates Path to the CA certificate update command/script to run when RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_AT_START is true All
GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS None (ee only) Credentials file for GCP Pub/Sub triggers that authenticate as the instance rather than through a gcloud resource (workspace admins only). Application default credentials also resolve the gcloud well-known file and the GCE metadata server. Workload Identity Federation files work with the file, url and aws credential sources; the executable source is not supported. Server

Run a local dev setup

We recommend using Nix. See ./frontend/README_DEV.md for all options.

Frontend only

Uses the backend of https://app.windmill.dev with local frontend (hot-reload):

cd frontend
npm install
npm run generate-backend-client  # or generate-backend-client-mac on Mac
npm run dev

Windmill available at http://localhost/

Backend + Frontend

See the ./frontend/README_DEV.md file for all running options.

  1. Start a local Postgres database using for instance the start-dev-db.sh script which will make a database available at postgres://postgres:changeme@localhost:5432/windmill Then run the migrations using the following command:
    cargo install sqlx-cli
    env DATABASE_URL=<YOUR_DATABASE_URL> sqlx migrate run
    
    This will also avoid compile time issue with sqlx's query! macro.
  2. (optional, linux only) Install nsjail and have it accessible in your PATH
  3. Install bun, deno and python3 (+ any languages you want to use), have the bins at /usr/bin/bun,/usr/bin/deno, and /usr/local/bin/python3 or set the corresponding environment variables.
  4. (optional) Install the lld linker
  5. Go to frontend/:
    1. npm install, npm run generate-backend-client then REMOTE=http://localhost:8000 npm run dev
    2. You might need to set some extra heap space for the node runtime export NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=4096"
    3. Create an empty frontend/build folder using mkdir frontend/build
  6. Go to backend/:
    1. env DATABASE_URL=<YOUR_DATABASE_URL> RUST_LOG=info cargo run
    2. You can specify any feature flag you want to enable, for example cargo run --features python to enable the python executor.
  7. Windmill should be available at http://localhost:3000

Contributing

At this time, we are not seeking outside contribution. Bug reports and feature requests remain very welcome, and small, trivially-verified PRs that fix a problem are still accepted. See CONTRIBUTING.md for the full policy.

Contributors

© 2023-2026 Windmill Labs, Inc.

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Description
Open-source developer platform to power your entire infra and turn scripts into webhooks, workflows and UIs. Fastest workflow engine (13x vs Airflow). Open-source alternative to Retool and Temporal.
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