Ruben Fiszel f02df7fc45 feat(monitor): make between-steps zombie flows hand-recoverable (#10287)
* feat(monitor): make between-steps zombie flows hand-recoverable

When a worker is OOM-killed mid state-transition, the flow is reaped as a
between-steps zombie (children all success, module still InProgress). We do
not auto-recover (a re-driven transition can OOM again), so instead:

- Append actionable recovery guidance to the cancellation reason when the
  reaped step's state is derivable (every child a success completion): which
  step, iterations completed, raise memory then restart-from-step (UI + API).
- Restart-from-step now reuses a zombie step verbatim (InProgress with all
  children successful) and restarts from the next step, so no completed child
  re-runs; downstream steps re-derive its result from flow_jobs on demand.
- Cast flow_status ::text in the reaper query: reading the jsonb column as
  Box<str> included the binary version byte and silently failed FlowStatus
  parsing (disabling the restart-not-yet-started branch since the v2 migration).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(monitor): only reuse a between-steps zombie step that provably finished

Address review findings on the zombie-restart reuse path:

- Require structural completeness (FlowStatusModule::is_between_steps_complete):
  a serial for-loop / branch-all reaped mid-fan-out has an all-success prefix but
  unrun remaining iterations, so the cursor must sit on the last element; while-loops
  are never derivable (continuation is a post-iteration condition). Parallel
  containers preallocate all children, so success alone is conclusive. Shared by the
  monitor guidance and the restart resolution.
- Decline reuse when the step carries stop_after_if / stop_after_all_iters_if: those
  predicates decide whether downstream steps run, and reuse would bypass them; such a
  step re-runs instead.
- Decline reuse when the zombie step is the last module (advancing past it lands on
  the failure step); it falls back to the existing re-run path.
- Unit tests for is_between_steps_complete and an integration test asserting a
  mid-iteration serial-loop zombie is re-run, not reused.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(monitor): align zombie recovery guidance with restart eligibility

Address CI review findings:

- Exclude skip_if / suspend / sleep (not just stop predicates) from reuse via
  FlowModule::allows_zombie_reuse, so a skipped/suspend-armed step is never
  synthesized as Success (which would strand a restart waiting on an approval it
  never armed).
- The reaper does not load the flow definition, so it cannot know whether restart
  will reuse or re-run a given step; reword the guidance to state both outcomes
  (reuse where derivable, re-run for the flow's last step or one carrying a
  stop/skip condition, approval, or sleep) instead of promising "no re-run".
- Make the mid-iteration regression test exercise the cursor-completeness guard:
  a downstream step makes the loop non-final, so reuse is prevented only by the
  guard; a truncated loop result would then fail the assertion.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(monitor): never let zombie reuse swallow a nested restart request

A nested restart (RestartedFrom.nested) descends into the restart step's child to
re-run an inner step. For an eligible zombie BranchOne/Subflow the outer
branch_or_iteration_n is None, so reuse fired, skipped the container, and the
explicitly requested inner step never re-ran. Thread the presence of a nested
chain into restarted_flows_resolution and decline reuse when set. Regression test
added (RED without the guard: the nested target is reused instead of re-run).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(monitor): don't auto-requeue preprocessor zombies as unstarted flows

The ::text parse fix re-activated the "hasn't started yet, restart it" branch,
but its `modules[0] == WaitingForPriorSteps` check also matches a flow whose
preprocessor is still InProgress (step == -1, first module waiting). Requeuing
such a flow re-runs the preprocessor, duplicating side effects / repeating the
OOM. Gate the branch on FlowStatus::is_not_yet_started, which also requires the
preprocessor (if any) to be WaitingForPriorSteps. Unit-tested.

Also drop the numbered procedural narration from the happy-path test comments.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(monitor): only emit restart guidance for restartable (deployed, top-level) flows

The recovery guidance points operators at the run page's "Re-start from" button
and the restart API, but both require a top-level deployed flow: a preview has no
flow path (the button is hidden, the API 400s) and a subflow child restarts via
its root, not itself. Gate the guidance on runnable_path IS NOT NULL AND
parent_job IS NULL so previews/subflows keep the existing wording instead of
being told to use a button/endpoint that isn't there. Verified end-to-end: a
reaped preview gets no RECOVERY block, a reaped deployed flow does.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(monitor): gate recovery guidance on kind='flow' to match the restart surface

Addresses review nit: a pathful editor preview (kind='flowpreview' with a
runnable_path) satisfied the previous runnable_path check but the run page only
renders the "Re-start from" button for kind='flow'. Match that condition exactly
so previews/singlestepflow keep the plain wording. Verified end-to-end: a reaped
pathful preview now gets no RECOVERY block.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(monitor): disable zombie reuse for raw-flow (editor preview) restarts

A JobPayload::RawFlow restart queues the request's current, possibly EDITED,
definition, but restarted_flows_resolution validates reuse against the completed
job's STORED definition. For an eligible preview zombie, editing the restart step
and restarting from it would synthesize Success from the old children and skip the
edit. Thread allow_zombie_reuse into the resolver (true only for
JobPayload::RestartedFlow, which queues the stored definition) and decline reuse
for raw-flow restarts. Regression test added (RED without the guard: the edited
step is skipped and the old result is reused).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* chore(sqlx): add offline cache for zombie_flow_recovery test queries

The integration test's UPDATE v2_job_completed queries had no .sqlx entry, so the
CI SQLX_OFFLINE build of the test failed to compile. Regenerated with
--all-targets --features deno_core,quickjs to capture the test-target queries.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* test(monitor): drop procedural narration from the raw-flow zombie test

Per AGENTS.md (comments record constraints, not narration): remove the two
step-describing comments the reviewer flagged; the test doc comment already
carries the durable rationale.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(monitor): restrict zombie reuse to monitor-reaped flows

The reuse predicate matched the InProgress/all-children-success shape without
checking provenance, so an ordinary force-cancel at the same boundary (a child
succeeded before its parent transition landed) would also be reused, dropping
the usual restart-from-step re-run. Gate reuse on canceled_by = 'monitor' (the
username the zombie reaper cancels with). Regression test added (RED without the
guard: a user-cancelled flow reuses the child instead of re-running it).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix(monitor): reuse zombie step on Some(0) too, so the run-page button works

The run page's "Re-start from" button always sends branch_or_iteration_n = 0
(never omits it), but reuse only fired for None, so the exact UI path the
recovery message points to would re-run the children instead of reusing them.
Treat a whole-step restart (None or Some(0)) as reuse-eligible; Some(n>=1) keeps
the explicit partial-container restart. Verified against the live EE restart API
with branch_or_iteration_n=0: all loop-iteration child UUIDs are reused. Happy-
path test now sends Some(0) to match the button.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-23 19:09:28 +02:00
2024-02-08 16:09:11 +01:00
2026-02-03 17:50:56 +00:00
2026-07-23 01:16:55 +02:00
2023-08-26 09:17:07 +02:00
2025-04-21 16:53:23 +02:00
2026-06-18 18:09:02 +02:00
2026-04-16 06:26:25 -07:00
2025-12-08 10:34:16 +00:00
2025-03-07 15:08:19 +01:00
2022-05-05 04:25:58 +02:00
2026-02-16 23:36:41 +00:00
2024-02-08 16:09:11 +01:00

windmill.dev

Open-source developer platform for internal code: APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs. Self-hostable alternative to Retool, Pipedream, Superblocks and a simplified Temporal with autogenerated UIs and custom UIs to trigger workflows and scripts as internal apps.

Scripts are turned into sharable UIs automatically, and can be composed together into flows or used into richer apps built with low-code. Supported languages: Python, TypeScript, Go, Bash, SQL, GraphQL, PowerShell, Rust, and more.

Package version Docker Image CI Package version

Commit activity Discord Shield

Try it - Website - Docs - Discord - Hub - Contributor's guide

Windmill - Developer platform for APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs

Windmill is fully open-sourced (AGPLv3) and Windmill Labs offers dedicated instances and commercial support and licenses.

Windmill Diagram

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d80de1d9-64de-4d89-aacd-6df23fa81fc4

Main Concepts

  1. Define a minimal and generic script in Python, TypeScript, Go or Bash that solves a specific task. The code can be defined in the provided Web IDE or synchronized with your own GitHub repo (e.g. through VS Code extension): provided Web IDE or synchronized with your own GitHub repo (e.g. through VS Code extension):

Step 1

  1. Your scripts parameters are automatically parsed and generate a frontend.

Step 2

Step 3

  1. Make it flow! You can chain your scripts or scripts made by the community shared on WindmillHub.

Step 3

  1. Build complex UIs on top of your scripts and flows.

Step 4

Scripts and flows can be triggered by schedules, webhooks, HTTP routes, Kafka, WebSockets, emails, and more.

Build your entire infra on top of Windmill!

Show me some actual script code

//import any dependency  from npm
import * as wmill from "windmill-client";
import * as cowsay from "cowsay@1.5.0";

// fill the type, or use the +Resource type to get a type-safe reference to a resource
type Postgresql = {
  host: string;
  port: number;
  user: string;
  dbname: string;
  sslmode: string;
  password: string;
};

export async function main(
  a: number,
  b: "my" | "enum",
  c: Postgresql,
  d = "inferred type string from default arg",
  e = { nested: "object" }
  //f: wmill.Base64
) {
  const email = process.env["WM_EMAIL"];
  // variables are permissioned and by path
  let variable = await wmill.getVariable("f/company-folder/my_secret");
  const lastTimeRun = await wmill.getState();
  // logs are printed and always inspectable
  console.log(cowsay.say({ text: "hello " + email + " " + lastTimeRun }));
  await wmill.setState(Date.now());

  // return is serialized as JSON
  return { foo: d, variable };
}

Local Development

Windmill supports multiple ways to develop locally and sync with your instance:

Tool Description
CLI Sync scripts from local files or GitHub, run scripts/flows from the command line
VS Code Extension Edit and test scripts & flows directly from VS Code / Cursor with full IDE support
Git Sync Two-way sync between Windmill and your Git repository
Claude Code AI-assisted development with Claude for scripts, flows, and apps

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c541c326-e9ae-4602-a09a-1989aaded1e9

You can run scripts locally by passing the right environment variables for the wmill client library to fetch resources and variables from your instance. See local development docs.

Stack

  • Database: Postgres (compatible with Aurora, Cloud SQL, Neon, Azure PostgreSQL)
  • Backend: Rust - stateless API servers and workers pulling jobs from a Postgres queue
  • Frontend: Svelte 5
  • Sandboxing: nsjail and PID namespace isolation
  • Runtimes:
    • TypeScript/JavaScript: Bun (default) and Deno
    • Python: python3 with uv for dependency management
    • Go, Bash, PowerShell, PHP, Rust, C#, Java, Ansible

Fastest Self-Hostable Workflow Engine

We have compared Windmill to other self-hostable workflow engines (Airflow, Prefect & Temporal) and Windmill is the most performant solution for both benchmarks: one flow composed of 40 lightweight tasks & one flow composed of 10 long-running tasks.

All methodology & results on our Benchmarks page.

Fastest workflow engine

Security

  • Sandboxing: nsjail for filesystem/resource isolation, and PID namespace isolation (enabled by default) to prevent jobs from accessing worker process memory
  • Secrets: One encryption key per workspace for credentials stored in Windmill's K/V store. We recommend encrypting the Postgres database as well.

See Security documentation for details.

Performance

Once a job started, there is no overhead compared to running the same script on the node with its corresponding runner (Deno/Go/Python/Bash). The added latency from a job being pulled from the queue, started, and then having its result sent back to the database is ~50ms. A typical lightweight deno job will take around 100ms total.

Architecture

How to self-host

For detailed setup options, see Self-Host documentation.

Docker compose

Deploy Windmill with 3 files (docker-compose.yml, Caddyfile, .env):

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/docker-compose.yml -o docker-compose.yml
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/Caddyfile -o Caddyfile
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/.env -o .env

docker compose up -d

Go to http://localhost - default credentials: admin@windmill.dev / changeme

Using an external database: Set DATABASE_URL in .env to point to your managed Postgres (AWS RDS, GCP Cloud SQL, Azure, Neon, etc.) and set db replicas to 0.

Kubernetes (Helm charts)

helm repo add windmill https://windmill-labs.github.io/windmill-helm-charts/
helm install windmill-chart windmill/windmill --namespace=windmill --create-namespace

See windmill-helm-charts for configuration options.

Cloud providers

Windmill works on AWS (EKS/ECS), GCP, Azure, Ubicloud, Fly.io, Render.com, Hetzner, Digital Ocean, and others. Rule of thumb: 1 worker per 1vCPU and 1-2 GB RAM.

OAuth, SSO & SMTP

Configure OAuth and SSO (Google Workspace, Microsoft/Azure, Okta) directly from the superadmin UI. See documentation.

License

The Community Edition is free to use internally. For commercial redistribution or managed services, contact sales@windmill.dev. See LICENSE and Pricing for details.

The "Community Edition" of Windmill available in the docker images hosted under ghcr.io/windmill-labs/windmill and the github binary releases contains the files under the AGPLv3 and Apache 2 sources but also includes proprietary and non-public code and features which are not open source and under the following terms: Windmill Labs, Inc. grants a right to use all the features of the "Community Edition" for free without restrictions other than the limits and quotas set in the software and a right to distribute the community edition as is but not to sell, resell, serve Windmill as a managed service, modify or wrap under any form without an explicit agreement.

The binary compilable from source code in this repository without the "enterprise" feature flag is open-source under the LICENSE-AGPLv3 License terms and conditions.

To re-expose directly any Windmill parts to your users as a feature of your product, with the exception of iframed public Windmill "apps", or to build a feature on top of "Windmill Community Edition" that you sell commercially or embed in a distributable product or binary, you must get a commercial license. Contact us at sales@windmill.dev if you have any questions. To do the same from the binary compiled from the source code in this repository without the "enterprise" feature flag, you must comply with the AGPLv3 license terms and conditions or get a commercial license from Windmill Labs, Inc.

To use Windmill "Community Edition" as is internally in your organization, or to use its APIs as is, you do NOT need a commercial license.

Integrations

In Windmill, integrations are referred to as resources and resource types. Each Resource has a Resource Type that defines the schema that the resource needs to implement.

On self-hosted instances, you might want to import all the approved resource types from WindmillHub. A setup script will prompt you to have it being synced automatically everyday.

Environment Variables

Environment Variable name Default Description Api Server/Worker/All
DATABASE_URL The Postgres database url. All
WORKER_GROUP default The worker group the worker belongs to and get its configuration pulled from Worker
MODE standalone The mode if the binary. Possible values: standalone, worker, server, agent All
METRICS_ADDR None (ee only) The socket addr at which to expose Prometheus metrics at the /metrics path. Set to "true" to expose it on port 8001 All
JSON_FMT false Output the logs in json format instead of logfmt All
BASE_URL http://localhost:8000 The base url that is exposed publicly to access your instance. Is overriden by the instance settings if any. Server
ZOMBIE_JOB_TIMEOUT 30 The timeout after which a job is considered to be zombie if the worker did not send pings about processing the job (every server check for zombie jobs every 30s) Server
RESTART_ZOMBIE_JOBS true If true then a zombie job is restarted (in-place with the same uuid and some logs), if false the zombie job is failed Server
NATIVE_MODE false Enable native mode: sets NUM_WORKERS=8, rejects non-native jobs (nativets, postgresql, mysql, etc.) Worker
SLEEP_QUEUE 50 The number of ms to sleep in between the last check for new jobs in the DB. It is multiplied by NUM_WORKERS such that in average, for one worker instance, there is one pull every SLEEP_QUEUE ms. Worker
KEEP_JOB_DIR false Keep the job directory after the job is done. Useful for debugging. Worker
LICENSE_KEY (EE only) None License key checked at startup for the Enterprise Edition of Windmill Worker
SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET None The signing secret of your Slack app. See Slack documentation Server
COOKIE_DOMAIN None The domain of the cookie. If not set, the cookie will be set by the browser based on the full origin Server
DENO_PATH /usr/bin/deno The path to the deno binary. Worker
PYTHON_PATH The path to the python binary if wanting to not have it managed by uv. Worker
GO_PATH /usr/bin/go The path to the go binary. Worker
GOPRIVATE The GOPRIVATE env variable to use private go modules Worker
GOPROXY The GOPROXY env variable to use Worker
NETRC The netrc content to use a private go registry Worker
PY_CONCURRENT_DOWNLOADS 20 Sets the maximum number of in-flight concurrent python downloads that windmill will perform at any given time. Worker
PATH None The path environment variable, usually inherited Worker
HOME None The home directory to use for Go and Bash , usually inherited Worker
DATABASE_CONNECTIONS 50 (Server)/3 (Worker) The max number of connections in the database connection pool All
SUPERADMIN_SECRET None A token that would let the caller act as a virtual superadmin superadmin@windmill.dev Server
TIMEOUT_WAIT_RESULT 20 The number of seconds to wait before timeout on the 'run_wait_result' endpoint Worker
QUEUE_LIMIT_WAIT_RESULT None The number of max jobs in the queue before rejecting immediately the request in 'run_wait_result' endpoint. Takes precedence on the query arg. If none is specified, there are no limit. Worker
DENO_AUTH_TOKENS None Custom DENO_AUTH_TOKENS to pass to worker to allow the use of private modules Worker
DISABLE_RESPONSE_LOGS false Disable response logs Server
CREATE_WORKSPACE_REQUIRE_SUPERADMIN true If true, only superadmins can create new workspaces Server
MIN_FREE_DISK_SPACE_MB 15000 Minimum amount of free space on worker. Sends critical alert if worker has less free space. Worker
RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_AT_START false If true, runs CA certificate update command at startup before other initialization All
RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_PATH /usr/sbin/update-ca-certificates Path to the CA certificate update command/script to run when RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_AT_START is true All

Run a local dev setup

We recommend using Nix. See ./frontend/README_DEV.md for all options.

Frontend only

Uses the backend of https://app.windmill.dev with local frontend (hot-reload):

cd frontend
npm install
npm run generate-backend-client  # or generate-backend-client-mac on Mac
npm run dev

Windmill available at http://localhost/

Backend + Frontend

See the ./frontend/README_DEV.md file for all running options.

  1. Start a local Postgres database using for instance the start-dev-db.sh script which will make a database available at postgres://postgres:changeme@localhost:5432/windmill Then run the migrations using the following command:
    cargo install sqlx-cli
    env DATABASE_URL=<YOUR_DATABASE_URL> sqlx migrate run
    
    This will also avoid compile time issue with sqlx's query! macro.
  2. (optional, linux only) Install nsjail and have it accessible in your PATH
  3. Install bun, deno and python3 (+ any languages you want to use), have the bins at /usr/bin/bun,/usr/bin/deno, and /usr/local/bin/python3 or set the corresponding environment variables.
  4. (optional) Install the lld linker
  5. Go to frontend/:
    1. npm install, npm run generate-backend-client then REMOTE=http://localhost:8000 npm run dev
    2. You might need to set some extra heap space for the node runtime export NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=4096"
    3. Create an empty frontend/build folder using mkdir frontend/build
  6. Go to backend/:
    1. env DATABASE_URL=<YOUR_DATABASE_URL> RUST_LOG=info cargo run
    2. You can specify any feature flag you want to enable, for example cargo run --features python to enable the python executor.
  7. Windmill should be available at http://localhost:3000

Contributors

© 2023-2026 Windmill Labs, Inc.

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Description
Open-source developer platform to power your entire infra and turn scripts into webhooks, workflows and UIs. Fastest workflow engine (13x vs Airflow). Open-source alternative to Retool and Temporal.
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