* feat(monitor): make between-steps zombie flows hand-recoverable When a worker is OOM-killed mid state-transition, the flow is reaped as a between-steps zombie (children all success, module still InProgress). We do not auto-recover (a re-driven transition can OOM again), so instead: - Append actionable recovery guidance to the cancellation reason when the reaped step's state is derivable (every child a success completion): which step, iterations completed, raise memory then restart-from-step (UI + API). - Restart-from-step now reuses a zombie step verbatim (InProgress with all children successful) and restarts from the next step, so no completed child re-runs; downstream steps re-derive its result from flow_jobs on demand. - Cast flow_status ::text in the reaper query: reading the jsonb column as Box<str> included the binary version byte and silently failed FlowStatus parsing (disabling the restart-not-yet-started branch since the v2 migration). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(monitor): only reuse a between-steps zombie step that provably finished Address review findings on the zombie-restart reuse path: - Require structural completeness (FlowStatusModule::is_between_steps_complete): a serial for-loop / branch-all reaped mid-fan-out has an all-success prefix but unrun remaining iterations, so the cursor must sit on the last element; while-loops are never derivable (continuation is a post-iteration condition). Parallel containers preallocate all children, so success alone is conclusive. Shared by the monitor guidance and the restart resolution. - Decline reuse when the step carries stop_after_if / stop_after_all_iters_if: those predicates decide whether downstream steps run, and reuse would bypass them; such a step re-runs instead. - Decline reuse when the zombie step is the last module (advancing past it lands on the failure step); it falls back to the existing re-run path. - Unit tests for is_between_steps_complete and an integration test asserting a mid-iteration serial-loop zombie is re-run, not reused. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(monitor): align zombie recovery guidance with restart eligibility Address CI review findings: - Exclude skip_if / suspend / sleep (not just stop predicates) from reuse via FlowModule::allows_zombie_reuse, so a skipped/suspend-armed step is never synthesized as Success (which would strand a restart waiting on an approval it never armed). - The reaper does not load the flow definition, so it cannot know whether restart will reuse or re-run a given step; reword the guidance to state both outcomes (reuse where derivable, re-run for the flow's last step or one carrying a stop/skip condition, approval, or sleep) instead of promising "no re-run". - Make the mid-iteration regression test exercise the cursor-completeness guard: a downstream step makes the loop non-final, so reuse is prevented only by the guard; a truncated loop result would then fail the assertion. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(monitor): never let zombie reuse swallow a nested restart request A nested restart (RestartedFrom.nested) descends into the restart step's child to re-run an inner step. For an eligible zombie BranchOne/Subflow the outer branch_or_iteration_n is None, so reuse fired, skipped the container, and the explicitly requested inner step never re-ran. Thread the presence of a nested chain into restarted_flows_resolution and decline reuse when set. Regression test added (RED without the guard: the nested target is reused instead of re-run). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(monitor): don't auto-requeue preprocessor zombies as unstarted flows The ::text parse fix re-activated the "hasn't started yet, restart it" branch, but its `modules[0] == WaitingForPriorSteps` check also matches a flow whose preprocessor is still InProgress (step == -1, first module waiting). Requeuing such a flow re-runs the preprocessor, duplicating side effects / repeating the OOM. Gate the branch on FlowStatus::is_not_yet_started, which also requires the preprocessor (if any) to be WaitingForPriorSteps. Unit-tested. Also drop the numbered procedural narration from the happy-path test comments. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(monitor): only emit restart guidance for restartable (deployed, top-level) flows The recovery guidance points operators at the run page's "Re-start from" button and the restart API, but both require a top-level deployed flow: a preview has no flow path (the button is hidden, the API 400s) and a subflow child restarts via its root, not itself. Gate the guidance on runnable_path IS NOT NULL AND parent_job IS NULL so previews/subflows keep the existing wording instead of being told to use a button/endpoint that isn't there. Verified end-to-end: a reaped preview gets no RECOVERY block, a reaped deployed flow does. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(monitor): gate recovery guidance on kind='flow' to match the restart surface Addresses review nit: a pathful editor preview (kind='flowpreview' with a runnable_path) satisfied the previous runnable_path check but the run page only renders the "Re-start from" button for kind='flow'. Match that condition exactly so previews/singlestepflow keep the plain wording. Verified end-to-end: a reaped pathful preview now gets no RECOVERY block. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(monitor): disable zombie reuse for raw-flow (editor preview) restarts A JobPayload::RawFlow restart queues the request's current, possibly EDITED, definition, but restarted_flows_resolution validates reuse against the completed job's STORED definition. For an eligible preview zombie, editing the restart step and restarting from it would synthesize Success from the old children and skip the edit. Thread allow_zombie_reuse into the resolver (true only for JobPayload::RestartedFlow, which queues the stored definition) and decline reuse for raw-flow restarts. Regression test added (RED without the guard: the edited step is skipped and the old result is reused). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * chore(sqlx): add offline cache for zombie_flow_recovery test queries The integration test's UPDATE v2_job_completed queries had no .sqlx entry, so the CI SQLX_OFFLINE build of the test failed to compile. Regenerated with --all-targets --features deno_core,quickjs to capture the test-target queries. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * test(monitor): drop procedural narration from the raw-flow zombie test Per AGENTS.md (comments record constraints, not narration): remove the two step-describing comments the reviewer flagged; the test doc comment already carries the durable rationale. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(monitor): restrict zombie reuse to monitor-reaped flows The reuse predicate matched the InProgress/all-children-success shape without checking provenance, so an ordinary force-cancel at the same boundary (a child succeeded before its parent transition landed) would also be reused, dropping the usual restart-from-step re-run. Gate reuse on canceled_by = 'monitor' (the username the zombie reaper cancels with). Regression test added (RED without the guard: a user-cancelled flow reuses the child instead of re-running it). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> * fix(monitor): reuse zombie step on Some(0) too, so the run-page button works The run page's "Re-start from" button always sends branch_or_iteration_n = 0 (never omits it), but reuse only fired for None, so the exact UI path the recovery message points to would re-run the children instead of reusing them. Treat a whole-step restart (None or Some(0)) as reuse-eligible; Some(n>=1) keeps the explicit partial-container restart. Verified against the live EE restart API with branch_or_iteration_n=0: all loop-iteration child UUIDs are reused. Happy- path test now sends Some(0) to match the button. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> --------- Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Open-source developer platform for internal code: APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs. Self-hostable alternative to Retool, Pipedream, Superblocks and a simplified Temporal with autogenerated UIs and custom UIs to trigger workflows and scripts as internal apps.
Scripts are turned into sharable UIs automatically, and can be composed together into flows or used into richer apps built with low-code. Supported languages: Python, TypeScript, Go, Bash, SQL, GraphQL, PowerShell, Rust, and more.
Try it - Website - Docs - Discord - Hub - Contributor's guide
Windmill - Developer platform for APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs
Windmill is fully open-sourced (AGPLv3) and Windmill Labs offers dedicated instances and commercial support and licenses.
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d80de1d9-64de-4d89-aacd-6df23fa81fc4
- Windmill - Developer platform for APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs
Main Concepts
- Define a minimal and generic script in Python, TypeScript, Go or Bash that solves a specific task. The code can be defined in the provided Web IDE or synchronized with your own GitHub repo (e.g. through VS Code extension): provided Web IDE or synchronized with your own GitHub repo (e.g. through VS Code extension):
- Your scripts parameters are automatically parsed and generate a frontend.
- Make it flow! You can chain your scripts or scripts made by the community shared on WindmillHub.
- Build complex UIs on top of your scripts and flows.
Scripts and flows can be triggered by schedules, webhooks, HTTP routes, Kafka, WebSockets, emails, and more.
Build your entire infra on top of Windmill!
Show me some actual script code
//import any dependency from npm
import * as wmill from "windmill-client";
import * as cowsay from "cowsay@1.5.0";
// fill the type, or use the +Resource type to get a type-safe reference to a resource
type Postgresql = {
host: string;
port: number;
user: string;
dbname: string;
sslmode: string;
password: string;
};
export async function main(
a: number,
b: "my" | "enum",
c: Postgresql,
d = "inferred type string from default arg",
e = { nested: "object" }
//f: wmill.Base64
) {
const email = process.env["WM_EMAIL"];
// variables are permissioned and by path
let variable = await wmill.getVariable("f/company-folder/my_secret");
const lastTimeRun = await wmill.getState();
// logs are printed and always inspectable
console.log(cowsay.say({ text: "hello " + email + " " + lastTimeRun }));
await wmill.setState(Date.now());
// return is serialized as JSON
return { foo: d, variable };
}
Local Development
Windmill supports multiple ways to develop locally and sync with your instance:
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| CLI | Sync scripts from local files or GitHub, run scripts/flows from the command line |
| VS Code Extension | Edit and test scripts & flows directly from VS Code / Cursor with full IDE support |
| Git Sync | Two-way sync between Windmill and your Git repository |
| Claude Code | AI-assisted development with Claude for scripts, flows, and apps |
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c541c326-e9ae-4602-a09a-1989aaded1e9
You can run scripts locally by passing the right environment variables for the wmill client library to fetch resources and variables from your instance. See local development docs.
Stack
- Database: Postgres (compatible with Aurora, Cloud SQL, Neon, Azure PostgreSQL)
- Backend: Rust - stateless API servers and workers pulling jobs from a Postgres queue
- Frontend: Svelte 5
- Sandboxing: nsjail and PID namespace isolation
- Runtimes:
- TypeScript/JavaScript: Bun (default) and Deno
- Python: python3 with uv for dependency management
- Go, Bash, PowerShell, PHP, Rust, C#, Java, Ansible
Fastest Self-Hostable Workflow Engine
We have compared Windmill to other self-hostable workflow engines (Airflow, Prefect & Temporal) and Windmill is the most performant solution for both benchmarks: one flow composed of 40 lightweight tasks & one flow composed of 10 long-running tasks.
All methodology & results on our Benchmarks page.
Security
- Sandboxing: nsjail for filesystem/resource isolation, and PID namespace isolation (enabled by default) to prevent jobs from accessing worker process memory
- Secrets: One encryption key per workspace for credentials stored in Windmill's K/V store. We recommend encrypting the Postgres database as well.
See Security documentation for details.
Performance
Once a job started, there is no overhead compared to running the same script on the node with its corresponding runner (Deno/Go/Python/Bash). The added latency from a job being pulled from the queue, started, and then having its result sent back to the database is ~50ms. A typical lightweight deno job will take around 100ms total.
Architecture
How to self-host
For detailed setup options, see Self-Host documentation.
Docker compose
Deploy Windmill with 3 files (docker-compose.yml, Caddyfile, .env):
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/docker-compose.yml -o docker-compose.yml
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/Caddyfile -o Caddyfile
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/windmill-labs/windmill/main/.env -o .env
docker compose up -d
Go to http://localhost - default credentials: admin@windmill.dev / changeme
Using an external database: Set DATABASE_URL in .env to point to your managed Postgres (AWS RDS, GCP Cloud SQL, Azure, Neon, etc.) and set db replicas to 0.
Kubernetes (Helm charts)
helm repo add windmill https://windmill-labs.github.io/windmill-helm-charts/
helm install windmill-chart windmill/windmill --namespace=windmill --create-namespace
See windmill-helm-charts for configuration options.
Cloud providers
Windmill works on AWS (EKS/ECS), GCP, Azure, Ubicloud, Fly.io, Render.com, Hetzner, Digital Ocean, and others. Rule of thumb: 1 worker per 1vCPU and 1-2 GB RAM.
OAuth, SSO & SMTP
Configure OAuth and SSO (Google Workspace, Microsoft/Azure, Okta) directly from the superadmin UI. See documentation.
License
The Community Edition is free to use internally. For commercial redistribution or managed services, contact sales@windmill.dev. See LICENSE and Pricing for details.
The "Community Edition" of Windmill available in the docker images hosted under ghcr.io/windmill-labs/windmill and the github binary releases contains the files under the AGPLv3 and Apache 2 sources but also includes proprietary and non-public code and features which are not open source and under the following terms: Windmill Labs, Inc. grants a right to use all the features of the "Community Edition" for free without restrictions other than the limits and quotas set in the software and a right to distribute the community edition as is but not to sell, resell, serve Windmill as a managed service, modify or wrap under any form without an explicit agreement.
The binary compilable from source code in this repository without the "enterprise" feature flag is open-source under the LICENSE-AGPLv3 License terms and conditions.
To re-expose directly any Windmill parts to your users as a feature of your product, with the exception of iframed public Windmill "apps", or to build a feature on top of "Windmill Community Edition" that you sell commercially or embed in a distributable product or binary, you must get a commercial license. Contact us at sales@windmill.dev if you have any questions. To do the same from the binary compiled from the source code in this repository without the "enterprise" feature flag, you must comply with the AGPLv3 license terms and conditions or get a commercial license from Windmill Labs, Inc.
To use Windmill "Community Edition" as is internally in your organization, or to use its APIs as is, you do NOT need a commercial license.
Integrations
In Windmill, integrations are referred to as resources and resource types. Each Resource has a Resource Type that defines the schema that the resource needs to implement.
On self-hosted instances, you might want to import all the approved resource types from WindmillHub. A setup script will prompt you to have it being synced automatically everyday.
Environment Variables
| Environment Variable name | Default | Description | Api Server/Worker/All |
|---|---|---|---|
| DATABASE_URL | The Postgres database url. | All | |
| WORKER_GROUP | default | The worker group the worker belongs to and get its configuration pulled from | Worker |
| MODE | standalone | The mode if the binary. Possible values: standalone, worker, server, agent | All |
| METRICS_ADDR | None | (ee only) The socket addr at which to expose Prometheus metrics at the /metrics path. Set to "true" to expose it on port 8001 | All |
| JSON_FMT | false | Output the logs in json format instead of logfmt | All |
| BASE_URL | http://localhost:8000 | The base url that is exposed publicly to access your instance. Is overriden by the instance settings if any. | Server |
| ZOMBIE_JOB_TIMEOUT | 30 | The timeout after which a job is considered to be zombie if the worker did not send pings about processing the job (every server check for zombie jobs every 30s) | Server |
| RESTART_ZOMBIE_JOBS | true | If true then a zombie job is restarted (in-place with the same uuid and some logs), if false the zombie job is failed | Server |
| NATIVE_MODE | false | Enable native mode: sets NUM_WORKERS=8, rejects non-native jobs (nativets, postgresql, mysql, etc.) | Worker |
| SLEEP_QUEUE | 50 | The number of ms to sleep in between the last check for new jobs in the DB. It is multiplied by NUM_WORKERS such that in average, for one worker instance, there is one pull every SLEEP_QUEUE ms. | Worker |
| KEEP_JOB_DIR | false | Keep the job directory after the job is done. Useful for debugging. | Worker |
| LICENSE_KEY (EE only) | None | License key checked at startup for the Enterprise Edition of Windmill | Worker |
| SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET | None | The signing secret of your Slack app. See Slack documentation | Server |
| COOKIE_DOMAIN | None | The domain of the cookie. If not set, the cookie will be set by the browser based on the full origin | Server |
| DENO_PATH | /usr/bin/deno | The path to the deno binary. | Worker |
| PYTHON_PATH | The path to the python binary if wanting to not have it managed by uv. | Worker | |
| GO_PATH | /usr/bin/go | The path to the go binary. | Worker |
| GOPRIVATE | The GOPRIVATE env variable to use private go modules | Worker | |
| GOPROXY | The GOPROXY env variable to use | Worker | |
| NETRC | The netrc content to use a private go registry | Worker | |
| PY_CONCURRENT_DOWNLOADS | 20 | Sets the maximum number of in-flight concurrent python downloads that windmill will perform at any given time. | Worker |
| PATH | None | The path environment variable, usually inherited | Worker |
| HOME | None | The home directory to use for Go and Bash , usually inherited | Worker |
| DATABASE_CONNECTIONS | 50 (Server)/3 (Worker) | The max number of connections in the database connection pool | All |
| SUPERADMIN_SECRET | None | A token that would let the caller act as a virtual superadmin superadmin@windmill.dev | Server |
| TIMEOUT_WAIT_RESULT | 20 | The number of seconds to wait before timeout on the 'run_wait_result' endpoint | Worker |
| QUEUE_LIMIT_WAIT_RESULT | None | The number of max jobs in the queue before rejecting immediately the request in 'run_wait_result' endpoint. Takes precedence on the query arg. If none is specified, there are no limit. | Worker |
| DENO_AUTH_TOKENS | None | Custom DENO_AUTH_TOKENS to pass to worker to allow the use of private modules | Worker |
| DISABLE_RESPONSE_LOGS | false | Disable response logs | Server |
| CREATE_WORKSPACE_REQUIRE_SUPERADMIN | true | If true, only superadmins can create new workspaces | Server |
| MIN_FREE_DISK_SPACE_MB | 15000 | Minimum amount of free space on worker. Sends critical alert if worker has less free space. | Worker |
| RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_AT_START | false | If true, runs CA certificate update command at startup before other initialization | All |
| RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_PATH | /usr/sbin/update-ca-certificates | Path to the CA certificate update command/script to run when RUN_UPDATE_CA_CERTIFICATE_AT_START is true | All |
Run a local dev setup
We recommend using Nix. See ./frontend/README_DEV.md for all options.
Frontend only
Uses the backend of https://app.windmill.dev with local frontend (hot-reload):
cd frontend
npm install
npm run generate-backend-client # or generate-backend-client-mac on Mac
npm run dev
Windmill available at http://localhost/
Backend + Frontend
See the ./frontend/README_DEV.md file for all running options.
- Start a local Postgres database using for instance the
start-dev-db.shscript which will make a database available atpostgres://postgres:changeme@localhost:5432/windmillThen run the migrations using the following command:This will also avoid compile time issue with sqlx'scargo install sqlx-cli env DATABASE_URL=<YOUR_DATABASE_URL> sqlx migrate runquery!macro. - (optional, linux only) Install nsjail and have it accessible in your PATH
- Install bun, deno and python3 (+ any languages you want to use), have the bins at
/usr/bin/bun,/usr/bin/deno, and/usr/local/bin/python3or set the corresponding environment variables. - (optional) Install the lld linker
- Go to
frontend/:npm install,npm run generate-backend-clientthenREMOTE=http://localhost:8000 npm run dev- You might need to set some extra heap space for the node runtime
export NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=4096" - Create an empty
frontend/buildfolder usingmkdir frontend/build
- Go to
backend/:env DATABASE_URL=<YOUR_DATABASE_URL> RUST_LOG=info cargo run- You can specify any feature flag you want to enable, for example
cargo run --features pythonto enable the python executor.
- Windmill should be available at
http://localhost:3000
Contributors
Copyright
© 2023-2026 Windmill Labs, Inc.






