Layout string flag (#4956)

* allow sending a stringified layout with --layout-string

* add --tab-id to all the things

* fix windows tests

* add pr

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/)
 * feat: support and forward OSC-99 desktop notifications (https://github.com/zellij-org/zellij/pull/4931)
 * fix: normalize temp socket paths in windows (https://github.com/zellij-org/zellij/pull/4923)
 * fix: compilation warnings in windows (https://github.com/zellij-org/zellij/pull/4890)
+* feat: add --layout-string to allow for in-line layouts, add --tab-id to all new-pane CLI commands (https://github.com/zellij-org/zellij/pull/4956)
 
 ## [0.44.0] - 2026-03-23
 * fix: meta key handling in web client (https://github.com/zellij-org/zellij/pull/4376)

default-plugins/compact-bar/src/keybind_utils.rs

@@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ impl KeybindProcessor {
                                 command: None,
                                 pane_name: None,
                                 near_current_pane: false,
+                                ..
                             }
                         )
                     },

default-plugins/status-bar/src/one_line_ui.rs

@@ -1386,7 +1386,7 @@ fn get_keys_and_hints(mi: &ModeInfo) -> Vec<(String, String, Vec<KeyWithModifier
         (s("Toggle Embed"), s("Embed"), single_action_key(&km, &[A::TogglePaneEmbedOrFloating, TO_NORMAL])),
         (s("Split Right"), s("Right"), single_action_key(&km, &[A::NewPane{direction: Some(Direction::Right), pane_name: None, start_suppressed: false}, TO_NORMAL])),
         (s("Split Down"), s("Down"), single_action_key(&km, &[A::NewPane{direction: Some(Direction::Down), pane_name: None, start_suppressed: false}, TO_NORMAL])),
-        (s("Stack"), s("Stack"), single_action_key(&km, &[A::NewStackedPane{command: None, pane_name: None, near_current_pane: false}, TO_NORMAL])),
+        (s("Stack"), s("Stack"), single_action_key(&km, &[A::NewStackedPane{command: None, pane_name: None, near_current_pane: false, tab_id: None}, TO_NORMAL])),
         (s("Select pane"), s("Select"), to_basemode_key),
     ]} else if mi.mode == IM::Tab {
         // With the default bindings, "Move focus" for tabs is tricky: It binds all the arrow keys

default-plugins/status-bar/src/second_line.rs

@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ fn get_keys_and_hints(mi: &ModeInfo) -> Vec<(String, String, Vec<KeyWithModifier
             action_key(&km, &[A::SearchToggleOption{option: SOpt::WholeWord}])),
     ]} else if mi.mode == IM::Session { vec![
         (s("Detach"), s("Detach"), action_key(&km, &[Action::Detach])),
-        (s("Session Manager"), s("Manager"), action_key(&km, &[A::LaunchOrFocusPlugin{plugin: Default::default(), should_float: true, move_to_focused_tab: true, should_open_in_place: false, close_replaced_pane: false, skip_cache: false}, TO_NORMAL])), // not entirely accurate
+        (s("Session Manager"), s("Manager"), action_key(&km, &[A::LaunchOrFocusPlugin{plugin: Default::default(), should_float: true, move_to_focused_tab: true, should_open_in_place: false, close_replaced_pane: false, skip_cache: false, tab_id: None}, TO_NORMAL])), // not entirely accurate
         (s("Select pane"), s("Select"), to_normal_key),
     ]} else if mi.mode == IM::Tmux { vec![
         (s("Move focus"), s("Move"), action_key_group(&km, &[

src/main.rs

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ fn main() {
             block_until_exit,
             near_current_pane,
             borderless,
+            tab_id,
         })) = opts.command
         {
             let cwd = cwd.or_else(|| std::env::current_dir().ok());
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ fn main() {
                 unblock_condition,
                 near_current_pane,
                 borderless,
+                tab_id,
             };
             commands::send_action_to_session(command_cli_action, opts.session, config);
             std::process::exit(0);
@@ -110,6 +112,7 @@ fn main() {
             height,
             pinned,
             borderless,
+            tab_id,
         })) = opts.command
         {
             let cwd = None;
@@ -142,6 +145,7 @@ fn main() {
                 unblock_condition,
                 near_current_pane: false,
                 borderless,
+                tab_id,
             };
             commands::send_action_to_session(command_cli_action, opts.session, config);
             std::process::exit(0);
@@ -161,6 +165,7 @@ fn main() {
             pinned,
             near_current_pane,
             borderless,
+            tab_id,
         })) = opts.command
         {
             let mut file = file;
@@ -185,6 +190,7 @@ fn main() {
                 pinned,
                 near_current_pane,
                 borderless,
+                tab_id,
             };
             commands::send_action_to_session(command_cli_action, opts.session, config);
             std::process::exit(0);
@@ -256,7 +262,7 @@ fn main() {
         commands::delete_session(target_session, force);
     } else if let Some(path) = opts.server {
         commands::start_server(path, opts.debug);
-    } else if let Some(layout) = &opts.layout {
+    } else if opts.layout.is_some() || opts.layout_string.is_some() {
         if let Some(session_name) = opts
             .session
             .as_ref()
@@ -266,7 +272,8 @@ fn main() {
             let config = Config::try_from(&opts).ok();
             let options = Setup::from_cli_args(&opts).ok().map(|r| r.2);
             let new_layout_cli_action = CliAction::NewTab {
-                layout: Some(layout.clone()),
+                layout: opts.layout.clone(),
+                layout_string: opts.layout_string.clone(),
                 layout_dir: options.as_ref().and_then(|o| o.layout_dir.clone()),
                 name: None,
                 cwd: options.as_ref().and_then(|o| o.default_cwd.clone()),

zellij-client/src/lib.rs

@@ -772,22 +772,26 @@ pub fn start_client(
                 config_dir: cli_args.config_dir.clone(),
                 should_ignore_config: cli_args.is_setup_clean(),
                 configuration_options: Some(config_options.clone()),
-                layout: cli_args
-                    .layout
-                    .as_ref()
-                    .and_then(|l| {
-                        LayoutInfo::from_cli(
-                            &config_options.layout_dir,
-                            &Some(l.clone()),
-                            std::env::current_dir().unwrap_or_else(|_| PathBuf::from(".")),
-                        )
-                    })
-                    .or_else(|| {
-                        LayoutInfo::from_config(
-                            &config_options.layout_dir,
-                            &config_options.default_layout,
-                        )
-                    }),
+                layout: if let Some(layout_string) = &cli_args.layout_string {
+                    Some(LayoutInfo::Stringified(layout_string.clone()))
+                } else {
+                    cli_args
+                        .layout
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .and_then(|l| {
+                            LayoutInfo::from_cli(
+                                &config_options.layout_dir,
+                                &Some(l.clone()),
+                                std::env::current_dir().unwrap_or_else(|_| PathBuf::from(".")),
+                            )
+                        })
+                        .or_else(|| {
+                            LayoutInfo::from_config(
+                                &config_options.layout_dir,
+                                &config_options.default_layout,
+                            )
+                        })
+                },
                 terminal_window_size: full_screen_ws,
                 data_dir: cli_args.data_dir.clone(),
                 is_debug: cli_args.debug,

zellij-server/src/plugins/wasm_bridge.rs

@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ impl WasmBridge {
         skip_cache: bool,
         client_id: Option<ClientId>,
     ) -> Result<(PluginId, ClientId)> {
-        let err_context = move || format!("failed to load plugin");
+        let _err_context = move || format!("failed to load plugin");
 
         let client_id = client_id
             .and_then(|client_id| {
@@ -321,9 +321,22 @@ impl WasmBridge {
 
         match run {
             Some(run) => {
-                let plugin = PluginConfig::from_run_plugin(run)
-                    .with_context(|| format!("failed to resolve plugin {run:?}"))
-                    .with_context(err_context)?;
+                let plugin = match PluginConfig::from_run_plugin(run) {
+                    Some(plugin) => plugin,
+                    None => {
+                        self.next_plugin_id += 1;
+                        let mut loading_indication =
+                            LoadingIndication::new(run.location.to_string());
+                        handle_plugin_loading_failure(
+                            &self.senders,
+                            plugin_id,
+                            &mut loading_indication,
+                            format!("Failed to resolve plugin: {}", run.location),
+                            Some(client_id),
+                        );
+                        return Ok((plugin_id, client_id));
+                    },
+                };
                 let plugin_name = run.location.to_string();
 
                 self.cached_events_for_pending_plugins

zellij-server/src/plugins/zellij_exports.rs

@@ -1164,6 +1164,7 @@ fn open_plugin_pane_floating(
         skip_cache: false,
         cwd: Some(env.plugin_cwd.clone()),
         coordinates: floating_pane_coordinates,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     let error_msg = || format!("Failed to open floating plugin pane");
     let result = apply_action!(action, error_msg, env);
@@ -1403,6 +1404,7 @@ fn open_file(env: &PluginEnv, file_to_open: FileToOpen, context: BTreeMap<String
         start_suppressed,
         coordinates: None,
         near_current_pane: false,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     let result = apply_action!(action, error_msg, env);
 
@@ -1505,6 +1507,7 @@ fn open_file_floating(
         start_suppressed,
         coordinates: floating_pane_coordinates,
         near_current_pane: false,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     let result = apply_action!(action, error_msg, env);
 
@@ -1545,6 +1548,7 @@ fn open_file_in_place(
         start_suppressed,
         coordinates: None,
         near_current_pane: false,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     let result = apply_action!(action, error_msg, env);
 
@@ -1705,6 +1709,7 @@ fn open_terminal(env: &PluginEnv, cwd: PathBuf) {
         pane_name: None,
         near_current_pane: false,
         borderless: None,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     let result = apply_action!(action, error_msg, env);
 
@@ -1780,6 +1785,7 @@ fn open_terminal_floating(
         pane_name: None,
         coordinates: floating_pane_coordinates,
         near_current_pane: false,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     let result = apply_action!(action, error_msg, env);
 
@@ -1855,6 +1861,7 @@ fn open_terminal_in_place(env: &PluginEnv, cwd: PathBuf) {
         near_current_pane: false,
         pane_id_to_replace: None,
         close_replaced_pane: false,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     let result = apply_action!(action, error_msg, env);
 
@@ -2139,6 +2146,7 @@ fn open_command_pane(
         pane_name: name,
         near_current_pane: false,
         borderless: None,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     let result = apply_action!(action, error_msg, env);
 
@@ -2246,6 +2254,7 @@ fn open_command_pane_floating(
         pane_name: name,
         coordinates: floating_pane_coordinates,
         near_current_pane: false,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     let result = apply_action!(action, error_msg, env);
 
@@ -2356,6 +2365,7 @@ fn open_command_pane_in_place(
         near_current_pane: false,
         pane_id_to_replace: None,
         close_replaced_pane: false,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     let result = apply_action!(action, error_msg, env);
 
@@ -4423,6 +4433,7 @@ fn try_edit_layout(
         start_suppressed: false,
         coordinates: None,
         near_current_pane: true,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
 
     // Route the action - this is fallible

zellij-server/src/route.rs

@@ -637,6 +637,7 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
             command,
             unblock_condition,
             near_current_pane,
+            tab_id,
         } => {
             let command = command
                 .map(|cmd| TerminalAction::RunCommand(cmd.into()))
@@ -668,7 +669,9 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
                 _ => pane_id,
             };
 
-            let client_tab_index_or_paneid = if near_current_pane && pane_id.is_some() {
+            let client_tab_index_or_paneid = if let Some(tab_id) = tab_id {
+                ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::TabIndex(tab_id)
+            } else if near_current_pane && pane_id.is_some() {
                 ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::PaneId(pane_id.unwrap())
             } else {
                 ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::ClientId(client_id)
@@ -695,27 +698,31 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
             start_suppressed,
             coordinates: floating_pane_coordinates,
             near_current_pane,
+            tab_id,
         } => {
             let title = format!("Editing: {}", open_file_payload.path.display());
             let open_file = TerminalAction::OpenFile(open_file_payload);
             let pty_instr = if should_open_in_place {
-                match pane_id {
-                    Some(pane_id) if near_current_pane => PtyInstruction::SpawnInPlaceTerminal(
-                        Some(open_file),
-                        Some(title),
-                        close_replaced_pane,
-                        ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::PaneId(pane_id),
-                        Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
-                    ),
-                    _ => PtyInstruction::SpawnInPlaceTerminal(
-                        Some(open_file),
-                        Some(title),
-                        close_replaced_pane,
-                        ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::ClientId(client_id),
-                        Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
-                    ),
-                }
+                let client_tab_index_or_paneid = if let Some(tab_id) = tab_id {
+                    ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::TabIndex(tab_id)
+                } else if near_current_pane && pane_id.is_some() {
+                    ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::PaneId(pane_id.unwrap())
+                } else {
+                    ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::ClientId(client_id)
+                };
+                PtyInstruction::SpawnInPlaceTerminal(
+                    Some(open_file),
+                    Some(title),
+                    close_replaced_pane,
+                    client_tab_index_or_paneid,
+                    Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
+                )
             } else {
+                let client_tab_index_or_paneid = if let Some(tab_id) = tab_id {
+                    ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::TabIndex(tab_id)
+                } else {
+                    ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::ClientId(client_id)
+                };
                 PtyInstruction::SpawnTerminal(
                     Some(open_file),
                     Some(title),
@@ -728,7 +735,7 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
                         }
                     },
                     start_suppressed,
-                    ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::ClientId(client_id),
+                    client_tab_index_or_paneid,
                     Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
                     false, // set_blocking
                 )
@@ -761,11 +768,14 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
             pane_name: name,
             coordinates: floating_pane_coordinates,
             near_current_pane,
+            tab_id,
         } => {
             let run_cmd = run_command
                 .map(|cmd| TerminalAction::RunCommand(cmd.into()))
                 .or_else(|| default_shell.clone());
-            let client_tab_index_or_paneid = if near_current_pane && pane_id.is_some() {
+            let client_tab_index_or_paneid = if let Some(tab_id) = tab_id {
+                ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::TabIndex(tab_id)
+            } else if near_current_pane && pane_id.is_some() {
                 ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::PaneId(pane_id.unwrap())
             } else {
                 ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::ClientId(client_id)
@@ -788,6 +798,7 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
             near_current_pane,
             pane_id_to_replace,
             close_replaced_pane,
+            tab_id,
         } => {
             let run_cmd = run_command
                 .map(|cmd| TerminalAction::RunCommand(cmd.into()))
@@ -796,74 +807,70 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
                 Some(pane_id_to_replace) => pane_id_to_replace.try_into().ok(),
                 None => pane_id,
             };
-            match pane_id {
-                Some(pane_id) if near_current_pane => {
-                    senders
-                        .send_to_pty(PtyInstruction::SpawnInPlaceTerminal(
-                            run_cmd,
-                            name,
-                            close_replaced_pane,
-                            ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::PaneId(pane_id),
-                            Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
-                        ))
-                        .with_context(err_context)?;
-                },
-                _ => {
-                    senders
-                        .send_to_pty(PtyInstruction::SpawnInPlaceTerminal(
-                            run_cmd,
-                            name,
-                            close_replaced_pane,
-                            ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::ClientId(client_id),
-                            Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
-                        ))
-                        .with_context(err_context)?;
-                },
-            }
+            let client_tab_index_or_paneid = if let Some(tab_id) = tab_id {
+                ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::TabIndex(tab_id)
+            } else if near_current_pane && pane_id.is_some() {
+                ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::PaneId(pane_id.unwrap())
+            } else {
+                ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::ClientId(client_id)
+            };
+            senders
+                .send_to_pty(PtyInstruction::SpawnInPlaceTerminal(
+                    run_cmd,
+                    name,
+                    close_replaced_pane,
+                    client_tab_index_or_paneid,
+                    Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
+                ))
+                .with_context(err_context)?;
         },
         Action::NewStackedPane {
             command: run_command,
             pane_name: name,
             near_current_pane,
+            tab_id,
         } => {
             let run_cmd = run_command
                 .map(|cmd| TerminalAction::RunCommand(cmd.into()))
                 .or_else(|| default_shell.clone());
 
-            match pane_id {
-                Some(pane_id) if near_current_pane => {
-                    senders
-                        .send_to_pty(PtyInstruction::SpawnTerminal(
-                            run_cmd,
-                            name,
-                            NewPanePlacement::Stacked {
-                                pane_id_to_stack_under: Some(pane_id.into()),
-                                borderless: None,
-                            },
-                            false,
-                            ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::PaneId(pane_id),
-                            Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
-                            false, // set_blocking
-                        ))
-                        .with_context(err_context)?;
-                },
-                _ => {
-                    senders
-                        .send_to_pty(PtyInstruction::SpawnTerminal(
-                            run_cmd,
-                            name,
-                            NewPanePlacement::Stacked {
-                                pane_id_to_stack_under: None,
-                                borderless: None,
-                            },
-                            false,
-                            ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::ClientId(client_id),
-                            Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
-                            false, // set_blocking
-                        ))
-                        .with_context(err_context)?;
-                },
-            }
+            let (pane_placement, client_tab_index_or_paneid) = if let Some(tab_id) = tab_id {
+                (
+                    NewPanePlacement::Stacked {
+                        pane_id_to_stack_under: None,
+                        borderless: None,
+                    },
+                    ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::TabIndex(tab_id),
+                )
+            } else if near_current_pane && pane_id.is_some() {
+                let pane_id = pane_id.unwrap();
+                (
+                    NewPanePlacement::Stacked {
+                        pane_id_to_stack_under: Some(pane_id.into()),
+                        borderless: None,
+                    },
+                    ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::PaneId(pane_id),
+                )
+            } else {
+                (
+                    NewPanePlacement::Stacked {
+                        pane_id_to_stack_under: None,
+                        borderless: None,
+                    },
+                    ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::ClientId(client_id),
+                )
+            };
+            senders
+                .send_to_pty(PtyInstruction::SpawnTerminal(
+                    run_cmd,
+                    name,
+                    pane_placement,
+                    false,
+                    client_tab_index_or_paneid,
+                    Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
+                    false, // set_blocking
+                ))
+                .with_context(err_context)?;
         },
         Action::NewTiledPane {
             direction,
@@ -871,11 +878,14 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
             pane_name: name,
             near_current_pane,
             borderless,
+            tab_id,
         } => {
             let run_cmd = run_command
                 .map(|cmd| TerminalAction::RunCommand(cmd.into()))
                 .or_else(|| default_shell.clone());
-            let client_tab_index_or_paneid = if near_current_pane && pane_id.is_some() {
+            let client_tab_index_or_paneid = if let Some(tab_id) = tab_id {
+                ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::TabIndex(tab_id)
+            } else if near_current_pane && pane_id.is_some() {
                 ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::PaneId(pane_id.unwrap())
             } else {
                 ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::ClientId(client_id)
@@ -1296,6 +1306,7 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
             pane_name: name,
             skip_cache,
             cwd,
+            tab_id,
         } => {
             senders
                 .send_to_screen(ScreenInstruction::NewTiledPluginPane(
@@ -1305,6 +1316,7 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
                     cwd,
                     client_id,
                     Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
+                    tab_id,
                 ))
                 .with_context(err_context)?;
         },
@@ -1314,6 +1326,7 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
             skip_cache,
             cwd,
             coordinates: floating_pane_coordinates,
+            tab_id,
         } => {
             senders
                 .send_to_screen(ScreenInstruction::NewFloatingPluginPane(
@@ -1324,6 +1337,7 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
                     floating_pane_coordinates,
                     client_id,
                     Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
+                    tab_id,
                 ))
                 .with_context(err_context)?;
         },
@@ -1332,6 +1346,7 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
             pane_name: name,
             skip_cache,
             close_replaced_pane,
+            tab_id,
         } => {
             if let Some(pane_id) = pane_id {
                 senders
@@ -1343,6 +1358,7 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
                         close_replaced_pane,
                         client_id,
                         Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
+                        tab_id,
                     ))
                     .with_context(err_context)?;
             } else {
@@ -1365,6 +1381,7 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
             should_open_in_place,
             close_replaced_pane,
             skip_cache,
+            tab_id,
         } => {
             senders
                 .send_to_screen(ScreenInstruction::LaunchOrFocusPlugin(
@@ -1377,6 +1394,7 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
                     skip_cache,
                     client_id,
                     Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
+                    tab_id,
                 ))
                 .with_context(err_context)?;
         },
@@ -1387,6 +1405,7 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
             close_replaced_pane,
             skip_cache,
             cwd,
+            tab_id,
         } => {
             senders
                 .send_to_screen(ScreenInstruction::LaunchPlugin(
@@ -1399,6 +1418,7 @@ pub(crate) fn route_action(
                     cwd,
                     client_id,
                     Some(NotificationEnd::new(completion_tx)),
+                    tab_id,
                 ))
                 .with_context(err_context)?;
         },

zellij-server/src/screen.rs

@@ -547,6 +547,7 @@ pub enum ScreenInstruction {
         Option<PathBuf>,
         ClientId,
         Option<NotificationEnd>,
+        Option<usize>, // tab_id
     ), // Option<String> is
     // optional pane title, bool is skip cache, Option<PathBuf> is an optional cwd
     NewFloatingPluginPane(
@@ -557,6 +558,7 @@ pub enum ScreenInstruction {
         Option<FloatingPaneCoordinates>,
         ClientId,
         Option<NotificationEnd>,
+        Option<usize>, // tab_id
     ), // Option<String> is an
     // optional pane title, bool
     // is skip cache, Option<PathBuf> is an optional cwd
@@ -568,6 +570,7 @@ pub enum ScreenInstruction {
         bool,
         ClientId,
         Option<NotificationEnd>,
+        Option<usize>, // tab_id
     ), // Option<String> is an
     // optional pane title, first bool is skip cache, second bool is close_replaced_pane
     StartOrReloadPluginPane(RunPluginOrAlias, Option<String>, Option<NotificationEnd>),
@@ -601,6 +604,7 @@ pub enum ScreenInstruction {
         bool,
         ClientId,
         Option<NotificationEnd>,
+        Option<usize>, // tab_id
     ), // bools are: should_float, move_to_focused_tab, should_open_in_place, close_replaced_pane, Option<PaneId> is the pane id to replace, bool following it is skip_cache
     LaunchPlugin(
         RunPluginOrAlias,
@@ -612,6 +616,7 @@ pub enum ScreenInstruction {
         Option<PathBuf>,
         ClientId,
         Option<NotificationEnd>,
+        Option<usize>, // tab_id
     ), // bools are: should_float, should_open_in_place, close_replaced_pane, Option<PaneId> is the pane id to replace, Option<PathBuf> is an optional cwd, bool after is skip_cache
     SuppressPane(PaneId, ClientId),
     UnsuppressPane(PaneId, bool), // bool -> should float if hidden
@@ -5136,6 +5141,29 @@ pub(crate) fn screen_thread_main(
                         }
                     },
                     ClientTabIndexOrPaneId::TabIndex(tab_index) => {
+                        // Some placements (directional split, stacked without a
+                        // target pane) need a client_id to know which pane to
+                        // split relative to. Only resolve one when required.
+                        let needs_client_id = matches!(
+                            new_pane_placement,
+                            NewPanePlacement::Tiled {
+                                direction: Some(_),
+                                ..
+                            } | NewPanePlacement::Stacked {
+                                pane_id_to_stack_under: None,
+                                ..
+                            }
+                        );
+                        let client_id = if needs_client_id {
+                            screen
+                                .active_tab_ids
+                                .iter()
+                                .find(|(_, tid)| **tid == tab_index)
+                                .map(|(cid, _)| *cid)
+                                .or_else(|| screen.active_tab_ids.keys().next().copied())
+                        } else {
+                            None
+                        };
                         if let Some(active_tab) = screen.tabs.get_mut(&tab_index) {
                             active_tab.new_pane(
                                 pid,
@@ -5144,7 +5172,7 @@ pub(crate) fn screen_thread_main(
                                 start_suppressed,
                                 true,
                                 new_pane_placement,
-                                None,
+                                client_id,
                                 blocking_notification,
                             )?;
                             if let Some(hold_for_command) = hold_for_command {
@@ -7028,8 +7056,10 @@ pub(crate) fn screen_thread_main(
                 cwd,
                 client_id,
                 completion_tx,
+                explicit_tab_id,
             ) => {
-                let tab_index = screen.active_tab_ids.values().next().unwrap_or(&1);
+                let tab_index = explicit_tab_id
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| *screen.active_tab_ids.values().next().unwrap_or(&1));
                 let size = Size::default();
                 let should_float = Some(false);
                 let should_be_opened_in_place = false;
@@ -7042,7 +7072,7 @@ pub(crate) fn screen_thread_main(
                         false, // close_replaced_pane
                         pane_title,
                         run_plugin,
-                        *tab_index,
+                        tab_index,
                         None,
                         client_id,
                         size,
@@ -7061,36 +7091,41 @@ pub(crate) fn screen_thread_main(
                 floating_pane_coordinates,
                 client_id,
                 completion_tx,
-            ) => match screen.active_tab_ids.values().next() {
-                Some(tab_index) => {
-                    let size = Size::default();
-                    let should_float = Some(true);
-                    let should_be_opened_in_place = false;
-                    screen
-                        .bus
-                        .senders
-                        .send_to_pty(PtyInstruction::FillPluginCwd(
-                            should_float,
-                            should_be_opened_in_place,
-                            false, // close_replaced_pane
-                            pane_title,
-                            run_plugin,
-                            *tab_index,
-                            None,
-                            client_id,
-                            size,
-                            skip_cache,
-                            cwd,
-                            None,
-                            floating_pane_coordinates,
-                            completion_tx,
-                        ))?;
-                },
-                None => {
-                    log::error!(
-                        "Could not find an active tab - is there at least 1 connected user?"
-                    );
-                },
+                explicit_tab_id,
+            ) => {
+                let resolved_tab_index =
+                    explicit_tab_id.or_else(|| screen.active_tab_ids.values().next().copied());
+                match resolved_tab_index {
+                    Some(tab_index) => {
+                        let size = Size::default();
+                        let should_float = Some(true);
+                        let should_be_opened_in_place = false;
+                        screen
+                            .bus
+                            .senders
+                            .send_to_pty(PtyInstruction::FillPluginCwd(
+                                should_float,
+                                should_be_opened_in_place,
+                                false, // close_replaced_pane
+                                pane_title,
+                                run_plugin,
+                                tab_index,
+                                None,
+                                client_id,
+                                size,
+                                skip_cache,
+                                cwd,
+                                None,
+                                floating_pane_coordinates,
+                                completion_tx,
+                            ))?;
+                    },
+                    None => {
+                        log::error!(
+                            "Could not find an active tab - is there at least 1 connected user?"
+                        );
+                    },
+                }
             },
             ScreenInstruction::NewInPlacePluginPane(
                 run_plugin,
@@ -7100,36 +7135,41 @@ pub(crate) fn screen_thread_main(
                 close_replaced_pane,
                 client_id,
                 completion_tx,
-            ) => match screen.active_tab_ids.values().next() {
-                Some(tab_index) => {
-                    let size = Size::default();
-                    let should_float = None;
-                    let should_be_in_place = true;
-                    screen
-                        .bus
-                        .senders
-                        .send_to_pty(PtyInstruction::FillPluginCwd(
-                            should_float,
-                            should_be_in_place,
-                            close_replaced_pane,
-                            pane_title,
-                            run_plugin,
-                            *tab_index,
-                            Some(pane_id_to_replace),
-                            client_id,
-                            size,
-                            skip_cache,
-                            None,
-                            None,
-                            None,
-                            completion_tx,
-                        ))?;
-                },
-                None => {
-                    log::error!(
-                        "Could not find an active tab - is there at least 1 connected user?"
-                    );
-                },
+                explicit_tab_id,
+            ) => {
+                let resolved_tab_index =
+                    explicit_tab_id.or_else(|| screen.active_tab_ids.values().next().copied());
+                match resolved_tab_index {
+                    Some(tab_index) => {
+                        let size = Size::default();
+                        let should_float = None;
+                        let should_be_in_place = true;
+                        screen
+                            .bus
+                            .senders
+                            .send_to_pty(PtyInstruction::FillPluginCwd(
+                                should_float,
+                                should_be_in_place,
+                                close_replaced_pane,
+                                pane_title,
+                                run_plugin,
+                                tab_index,
+                                Some(pane_id_to_replace),
+                                client_id,
+                                size,
+                                skip_cache,
+                                None,
+                                None,
+                                None,
+                                completion_tx,
+                            ))?;
+                    },
+                    None => {
+                        log::error!(
+                            "Could not find an active tab - is there at least 1 connected user?"
+                        );
+                    },
+                }
             },
             ScreenInstruction::StartOrReloadPluginPane(run_plugin, pane_title, completion_tx) => {
                 let tab_index = screen.active_tab_ids.values().next().unwrap_or(&1);
@@ -7326,9 +7366,12 @@ pub(crate) fn screen_thread_main(
                 skip_cache,
                 client_id,
                 mut completion_tx,
+                explicit_tab_id,
             ) => match pane_id_to_replace {
                 Some(pane_id_to_replace) if should_open_in_place => {
-                    match screen.active_tab_ids.values().next() {
+                    let resolved_tab_index =
+                        explicit_tab_id.or_else(|| screen.active_tab_ids.values().next().copied());
+                    match resolved_tab_index {
                         Some(tab_index) => {
                             let size = Size::default();
                             screen
@@ -7340,7 +7383,7 @@ pub(crate) fn screen_thread_main(
                                     close_replaced_pane,
                                     None,
                                     run_plugin,
-                                    *tab_index,
+                                    tab_index,
                                     Some(pane_id_to_replace),
                                     client_id,
                                     size,
@@ -7370,7 +7413,10 @@ pub(crate) fn screen_thread_main(
                             .get(&client_id)
                             .map(|tab_index| (*tab_index, client_id))
                     });
-                    match client_id_and_focused_tab {
+                    let resolved_tab_and_client = explicit_tab_id
+                        .and_then(|tid| client_id.map(|cid| (tid, cid)))
+                        .or(client_id_and_focused_tab);
+                    match resolved_tab_and_client {
                         Some((tab_index, client_id)) => {
                             if screen.focus_plugin_pane(
                                 &run_plugin,
@@ -7420,35 +7466,40 @@ pub(crate) fn screen_thread_main(
                 cwd,
                 client_id,
                 completion_tx,
+                explicit_tab_id,
             ) => match pane_id_to_replace {
-                Some(pane_id_to_replace) => match screen.active_tab_ids.values().next() {
-                    Some(tab_index) => {
-                        let size = Size::default();
-                        screen
-                            .bus
-                            .senders
-                            .send_to_pty(PtyInstruction::FillPluginCwd(
-                                Some(should_float),
-                                should_open_in_place,
-                                close_replaced_pane,
-                                None,
-                                run_plugin,
-                                *tab_index,
-                                Some(pane_id_to_replace),
-                                client_id,
-                                size,
-                                skip_cache,
-                                cwd,
-                                None,
-                                None,
-                                completion_tx,
-                            ))?;
-                    },
-                    None => {
-                        log::error!(
-                            "Could not find an active tab - is there at least 1 connected user?"
-                        );
-                    },
+                Some(pane_id_to_replace) => {
+                    let resolved_tab_index =
+                        explicit_tab_id.or_else(|| screen.active_tab_ids.values().next().copied());
+                    match resolved_tab_index {
+                        Some(tab_index) => {
+                            let size = Size::default();
+                            screen
+                                .bus
+                                .senders
+                                .send_to_pty(PtyInstruction::FillPluginCwd(
+                                    Some(should_float),
+                                    should_open_in_place,
+                                    close_replaced_pane,
+                                    None,
+                                    run_plugin,
+                                    tab_index,
+                                    Some(pane_id_to_replace),
+                                    client_id,
+                                    size,
+                                    skip_cache,
+                                    cwd,
+                                    None,
+                                    None,
+                                    completion_tx,
+                                ))?;
+                        },
+                        None => {
+                            log::error!(
+                                "Could not find an active tab - is there at least 1 connected user?"
+                            );
+                        },
+                    }
                 },
                 None => {
                     let client_id = if screen.active_tab_ids.contains_key(&client_id) {
@@ -7462,7 +7513,10 @@ pub(crate) fn screen_thread_main(
                             .get(&client_id)
                             .map(|tab_index| (*tab_index, client_id))
                     });
-                    match client_id_and_focused_tab {
+                    let resolved_tab_and_client = explicit_tab_id
+                        .and_then(|tid| client_id.map(|cid| (tid, cid)))
+                        .or(client_id_and_focused_tab);
+                    match resolved_tab_and_client {
                         Some((tab_index, client_id)) => {
                             screen
                                 .bus

zellij-server/src/unit/screen_tests.rs

@@ -3094,6 +3094,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_new_pane_action_with_default_parameters() {
         unblock_condition: None,
         near_current_pane: false,
         borderless: Some(false),
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_new_pane_action, client_id);
     std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)); // give time for actions to be
@@ -3147,6 +3148,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_new_pane_action_with_split_direction() {
         unblock_condition: None,
         near_current_pane: false,
         borderless: Some(false),
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_new_pane_action, client_id);
     std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)); // give time for actions to be
@@ -3200,6 +3202,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_new_pane_action_with_command_and_cwd() {
         unblock_condition: None,
         near_current_pane: false,
         borderless: Some(false),
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_new_pane_action, client_id);
     std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)); // give time for actions to be
@@ -3264,6 +3267,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_new_pane_action_with_floating_pane_and_coordinates() {
         unblock_condition: None,
         near_current_pane: false,
         borderless: Some(false),
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_new_pane_action, client_id);
     std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)); // give time for actions to be
@@ -3306,6 +3310,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_edit_action_with_default_parameters() {
         pinned: None,
         borderless: Some(false),
         near_current_pane: false,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_edit_action, client_id);
     std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)); // give time for actions to be
@@ -3348,6 +3353,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_edit_action_with_line_number() {
         pinned: None,
         borderless: Some(false),
         near_current_pane: false,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_edit_action, client_id);
     std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)); // give time for actions to be
@@ -3390,6 +3396,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_edit_action_with_split_direction() {
         pinned: None,
         borderless: Some(false),
         near_current_pane: false,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_edit_action, client_id);
     std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)); // give time for actions to be
@@ -3580,6 +3587,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_new_tab_action_default_params() {
     let new_tab_action = CliAction::NewTab {
         name: None,
         layout: None,
+        layout_string: None,
         layout_dir: None,
         cwd: None,
         initial_command: vec![],
@@ -3627,6 +3635,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_new_tab_action_with_name_and_layout() {
             "{}/src/unit/fixtures/layout-with-three-panes.kdl",
             env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")
         ))),
+        layout_string: None,
         layout_dir: None,
         cwd: None,
         initial_command: vec![],
@@ -3959,6 +3968,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_launch_or_focus_plugin_action() {
         url: "file:/path/to/fake/plugin".to_owned(),
         configuration: Default::default(),
         skip_plugin_cache: false,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_action, client_id);
     std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)); // give time for actions to be
@@ -4021,6 +4031,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_launch_or_focus_plugin_action_when_plugin_is_already_loaded() {
         url: "file:/path/to/fake/plugin".to_owned(),
         configuration: Default::default(),
         skip_plugin_cache: false,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_action, client_id);
     std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)); // give time for actions to be
@@ -4105,6 +4116,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_launch_or_focus_plugin_action_when_plugin_is_already_loaded_for_
         url: "fixture_plugin_for_tests".to_owned(),
         configuration: Default::default(),
         skip_plugin_cache: false,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_action, client_id);
     std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)); // give time for actions to be
@@ -5097,6 +5109,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_new_pane_in_place_with_close_replaced_pane() {
         unblock_condition: None,
         near_current_pane: false,
         borderless: None,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_action, client_id);
     std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
@@ -5147,6 +5160,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_edit_in_place_with_close_replaced_pane() {
         pinned: None,
         near_current_pane: false,
         borderless: None,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_action, client_id);
     std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
@@ -5192,6 +5206,7 @@ pub fn send_cli_launch_or_focus_plugin_in_place_with_close_replaced_pane() {
         url: "file:/path/to/fake/plugin".to_owned(),
         configuration: Default::default(),
         skip_plugin_cache: false,
+        tab_id: None,
     };
     send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_action, client_id);
     std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
@@ -7663,3 +7678,402 @@ pub fn inactive_tab_plugins_get_fresh_state_on_activation() {
         active_tab.position
     );
 }
+
+#[test]
+pub fn send_cli_new_tab_action_with_layout_string() {
+    let size = Size { cols: 80, rows: 10 };
+    let client_id = 10;
+    let mut initial_layout = TiledPaneLayout::default();
+    initial_layout.children_split_direction = SplitDirection::Vertical;
+    initial_layout.children = vec![TiledPaneLayout::default(), TiledPaneLayout::default()];
+    let mut mock_screen = MockScreen::new(size);
+    let session_metadata = mock_screen.clone_session_metadata();
+    let screen_thread = mock_screen.run(Some(initial_layout), vec![]);
+    let received_plugin_instructions = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![]));
+    let plugin_receiver = mock_screen.plugin_receiver.take().unwrap();
+    let plugin_thread = log_actions_in_thread!(
+        received_plugin_instructions,
+        PluginInstruction::Exit,
+        plugin_receiver
+    );
+    // Same layout as layout-with-three-panes.kdl but passed as a string
+    let new_tab_action = CliAction::NewTab {
+        name: None,
+        layout: None,
+        layout_string: Some("layout {\n    pane\n    pane\n    pane\n}\n".into()),
+        layout_dir: None,
+        cwd: None,
+        initial_command: vec![],
+        initial_plugin: None,
+        close_on_exit: Default::default(),
+        start_suspended: Default::default(),
+        block_until_exit: false,
+        block_until_exit_success: false,
+        block_until_exit_failure: false,
+    };
+    send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, new_tab_action, client_id);
+    std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
+    mock_screen.teardown(vec![plugin_thread, screen_thread]);
+    let new_tab_instruction = received_plugin_instructions
+        .lock()
+        .unwrap()
+        .iter()
+        .rev()
+        .find(|i| {
+            if let PluginInstruction::NewTab(..) = i {
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        })
+        .unwrap()
+        .clone();
+    let output = format!("{:#?}", new_tab_instruction);
+    // Normalize Windows path separators for cross-platform snapshot consistency
+    let output = output.replace("\\\\", "/");
+    assert_snapshot!(output);
+}
+
+#[test]
+pub fn send_cli_new_tab_action_with_layout_string_and_name() {
+    let size = Size { cols: 80, rows: 10 };
+    let client_id = 10;
+    let mut initial_layout = TiledPaneLayout::default();
+    initial_layout.children_split_direction = SplitDirection::Vertical;
+    initial_layout.children = vec![TiledPaneLayout::default(), TiledPaneLayout::default()];
+    let mut mock_screen = MockScreen::new(size);
+    let session_metadata = mock_screen.clone_session_metadata();
+    let screen_thread = mock_screen.run(Some(initial_layout), vec![]);
+    let received_plugin_instructions = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![]));
+    let plugin_receiver = mock_screen.plugin_receiver.take().unwrap();
+    let plugin_thread = log_actions_in_thread!(
+        received_plugin_instructions,
+        PluginInstruction::Exit,
+        plugin_receiver
+    );
+    let new_tab_action = CliAction::NewTab {
+        name: Some("my-string-layout-tab".into()),
+        layout: None,
+        layout_string: Some("layout {\n    pane\n    pane\n    pane\n}\n".into()),
+        layout_dir: None,
+        cwd: None,
+        initial_command: vec![],
+        initial_plugin: None,
+        close_on_exit: Default::default(),
+        start_suspended: Default::default(),
+        block_until_exit: false,
+        block_until_exit_success: false,
+        block_until_exit_failure: false,
+    };
+    send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, new_tab_action, client_id);
+    std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
+    mock_screen.teardown(vec![plugin_thread, screen_thread]);
+    let new_tab_instruction = received_plugin_instructions
+        .lock()
+        .unwrap()
+        .iter()
+        .rev()
+        .find(|i| {
+            if let PluginInstruction::NewTab(..) = i {
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        })
+        .unwrap()
+        .clone();
+    let output = format!("{:#?}", new_tab_instruction);
+    // Normalize Windows path separators for cross-platform snapshot consistency
+    let output = output.replace("\\\\", "/");
+    assert_snapshot!(output);
+}
+
+#[test]
+pub fn send_cli_new_pane_action_with_tab_id() {
+    let size = Size {
+        cols: 121,
+        rows: 20,
+    };
+    let client_id = 10;
+    let mut mock_screen = MockScreen::new(size);
+    let pty_receiver = mock_screen.pty_receiver.take().unwrap();
+    let session_metadata = mock_screen.clone_session_metadata();
+    let mut initial_layout = TiledPaneLayout::default();
+    initial_layout.children_split_direction = SplitDirection::Vertical;
+    initial_layout.children = vec![TiledPaneLayout::default(), TiledPaneLayout::default()];
+    let screen_thread = mock_screen.run(Some(initial_layout), vec![]);
+    let received_pty_instructions = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![]));
+    let pty_thread = log_actions_in_thread!(
+        received_pty_instructions,
+        PtyInstruction::Exit,
+        pty_receiver
+    );
+    let cli_new_pane_action = CliAction::NewPane {
+        direction: Some(Direction::Right),
+        command: vec![],
+        plugin: None,
+        cwd: None,
+        floating: false,
+        in_place: false,
+        close_replaced_pane: false,
+        name: None,
+        close_on_exit: false,
+        start_suspended: false,
+        configuration: None,
+        skip_plugin_cache: false,
+        x: None,
+        y: None,
+        width: None,
+        height: None,
+        pinned: None,
+        stacked: false,
+        blocking: false,
+        block_until_exit_success: false,
+        block_until_exit_failure: false,
+        block_until_exit: false,
+        unblock_condition: None,
+        near_current_pane: false,
+        borderless: Some(false),
+        tab_id: Some(0),
+    };
+    send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_new_pane_action, client_id);
+    std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
+    mock_screen.teardown(vec![pty_thread, screen_thread]);
+    let pty_instructions = received_pty_instructions.lock().unwrap();
+    // Verify that the PTY instruction uses TabIndex(0) instead of ClientId
+    let pty_debug = format!("{:?}", *pty_instructions);
+    assert!(
+        pty_debug.contains("TabIndex(0)"),
+        "Expected TabIndex(0) in PTY instructions, got: {}",
+        pty_debug
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+pub fn send_cli_new_floating_pane_action_with_tab_id() {
+    let size = Size {
+        cols: 121,
+        rows: 20,
+    };
+    let client_id = 10;
+    let mut mock_screen = MockScreen::new(size);
+    let pty_receiver = mock_screen.pty_receiver.take().unwrap();
+    let session_metadata = mock_screen.clone_session_metadata();
+    let mut initial_layout = TiledPaneLayout::default();
+    initial_layout.children_split_direction = SplitDirection::Vertical;
+    initial_layout.children = vec![TiledPaneLayout::default(), TiledPaneLayout::default()];
+    let screen_thread = mock_screen.run(Some(initial_layout), vec![]);
+    let received_pty_instructions = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![]));
+    let pty_thread = log_actions_in_thread!(
+        received_pty_instructions,
+        PtyInstruction::Exit,
+        pty_receiver
+    );
+    let cli_new_pane_action = CliAction::NewPane {
+        direction: None,
+        command: vec![],
+        plugin: None,
+        cwd: None,
+        floating: true,
+        in_place: false,
+        close_replaced_pane: false,
+        name: None,
+        close_on_exit: false,
+        start_suspended: false,
+        configuration: None,
+        skip_plugin_cache: false,
+        x: None,
+        y: None,
+        width: None,
+        height: None,
+        pinned: None,
+        stacked: false,
+        blocking: false,
+        block_until_exit_success: false,
+        block_until_exit_failure: false,
+        block_until_exit: false,
+        unblock_condition: None,
+        near_current_pane: false,
+        borderless: None,
+        tab_id: Some(0),
+    };
+    send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_new_pane_action, client_id);
+    std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
+    mock_screen.teardown(vec![pty_thread, screen_thread]);
+    let pty_instructions = received_pty_instructions.lock().unwrap();
+    let pty_debug = format!("{:?}", *pty_instructions);
+    assert!(
+        pty_debug.contains("TabIndex(0)"),
+        "Expected TabIndex(0) in PTY instructions for floating pane, got: {}",
+        pty_debug
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+pub fn send_cli_edit_action_with_tab_id() {
+    let size = Size {
+        cols: 121,
+        rows: 20,
+    };
+    let client_id = 10;
+    let mut mock_screen = MockScreen::new(size);
+    let pty_receiver = mock_screen.pty_receiver.take().unwrap();
+    let session_metadata = mock_screen.clone_session_metadata();
+    let mut initial_layout = TiledPaneLayout::default();
+    initial_layout.children_split_direction = SplitDirection::Vertical;
+    initial_layout.children = vec![TiledPaneLayout::default(), TiledPaneLayout::default()];
+    let screen_thread = mock_screen.run(Some(initial_layout), vec![]);
+    let received_pty_instructions = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![]));
+    let pty_thread = log_actions_in_thread!(
+        received_pty_instructions,
+        PtyInstruction::Exit,
+        pty_receiver
+    );
+    let cli_edit_action = CliAction::Edit {
+        file: PathBuf::from("/tmp/test.rs"),
+        direction: None,
+        line_number: None,
+        floating: false,
+        in_place: false,
+        close_replaced_pane: false,
+        cwd: None,
+        x: None,
+        y: None,
+        width: None,
+        height: None,
+        pinned: None,
+        near_current_pane: false,
+        borderless: None,
+        tab_id: Some(0),
+    };
+    send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_edit_action, client_id);
+    std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
+    mock_screen.teardown(vec![pty_thread, screen_thread]);
+    let pty_instructions = received_pty_instructions.lock().unwrap();
+    let pty_debug = format!("{:?}", *pty_instructions);
+    assert!(
+        pty_debug.contains("TabIndex(0)"),
+        "Expected TabIndex(0) in PTY instructions for edit, got: {}",
+        pty_debug
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+pub fn send_cli_new_pane_action_with_tab_id_and_direction() {
+    let size = Size {
+        cols: 121,
+        rows: 20,
+    };
+    let client_id = 10;
+    let mut mock_screen = MockScreen::new(size);
+    let pty_receiver = mock_screen.pty_receiver.take().unwrap();
+    let session_metadata = mock_screen.clone_session_metadata();
+    let mut initial_layout = TiledPaneLayout::default();
+    initial_layout.children_split_direction = SplitDirection::Vertical;
+    initial_layout.children = vec![TiledPaneLayout::default(), TiledPaneLayout::default()];
+    let screen_thread = mock_screen.run(Some(initial_layout), vec![]);
+    let received_pty_instructions = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![]));
+    let pty_thread = log_actions_in_thread!(
+        received_pty_instructions,
+        PtyInstruction::Exit,
+        pty_receiver
+    );
+    let cli_new_pane_action = CliAction::NewPane {
+        direction: Some(Direction::Right),
+        command: vec![],
+        plugin: None,
+        cwd: None,
+        floating: false,
+        in_place: false,
+        close_replaced_pane: false,
+        name: None,
+        close_on_exit: false,
+        start_suspended: false,
+        configuration: None,
+        skip_plugin_cache: false,
+        x: None,
+        y: None,
+        width: None,
+        height: None,
+        pinned: None,
+        stacked: false,
+        blocking: false,
+        block_until_exit_success: false,
+        block_until_exit_failure: false,
+        block_until_exit: false,
+        unblock_condition: None,
+        near_current_pane: false,
+        borderless: Some(false),
+        tab_id: Some(0),
+    };
+    send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_new_pane_action, client_id);
+    std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
+    mock_screen.teardown(vec![pty_thread, screen_thread]);
+    let pty_instructions = received_pty_instructions.lock().unwrap();
+    let pty_debug = format!("{:?}", *pty_instructions);
+    assert!(
+        pty_debug.contains("TabIndex(0)"),
+        "Expected TabIndex(0) in PTY instructions with direction, got: {}",
+        pty_debug
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+pub fn send_cli_new_pane_action_with_tab_id_and_stacked() {
+    let size = Size {
+        cols: 121,
+        rows: 20,
+    };
+    let client_id = 10;
+    let mut mock_screen = MockScreen::new(size);
+    let pty_receiver = mock_screen.pty_receiver.take().unwrap();
+    let session_metadata = mock_screen.clone_session_metadata();
+    let mut initial_layout = TiledPaneLayout::default();
+    initial_layout.children_split_direction = SplitDirection::Vertical;
+    initial_layout.children = vec![TiledPaneLayout::default(), TiledPaneLayout::default()];
+    let screen_thread = mock_screen.run(Some(initial_layout), vec![]);
+    let received_pty_instructions = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![]));
+    let pty_thread = log_actions_in_thread!(
+        received_pty_instructions,
+        PtyInstruction::Exit,
+        pty_receiver
+    );
+    let cli_new_pane_action = CliAction::NewPane {
+        direction: None,
+        command: vec!["ls".into()],
+        plugin: None,
+        cwd: None,
+        floating: false,
+        in_place: false,
+        close_replaced_pane: false,
+        name: None,
+        close_on_exit: false,
+        start_suspended: false,
+        configuration: None,
+        skip_plugin_cache: false,
+        x: None,
+        y: None,
+        width: None,
+        height: None,
+        pinned: None,
+        stacked: true,
+        blocking: false,
+        block_until_exit_success: false,
+        block_until_exit_failure: false,
+        block_until_exit: false,
+        unblock_condition: None,
+        near_current_pane: false,
+        borderless: None,
+        tab_id: Some(0),
+    };
+    send_cli_action_to_server(&session_metadata, cli_new_pane_action, client_id);
+    std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
+    mock_screen.teardown(vec![pty_thread, screen_thread]);
+    let pty_instructions = received_pty_instructions.lock().unwrap();
+    let pty_debug = format!("{:?}", *pty_instructions);
+    assert!(
+        pty_debug.contains("TabIndex(0)"),
+        "Expected TabIndex(0) in PTY instructions with stacked, got: {}",
+        pty_debug
+    );
+}

zellij-server/src/unit/snapshots/zellij_server__screen__screen_tests__send_cli_new_tab_action_with_layout_string.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+---
+source: zellij-server/src/./unit/screen_tests.rs
+expression: "format!(\"{:#?}\", new_tab_instruction)"
+---
+NewTab(
+    None,
+    None,
+    Some(
+        TiledPaneLayout {
+            children_split_direction: Horizontal,
+            name: None,
+            children: [
+                TiledPaneLayout {
+                    children_split_direction: Horizontal,
+                    name: None,
+                    children: [],
+                    split_size: None,
+                    run: Some(
+                        Cwd(
+                            "./.",
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    borderless: None,
+                    focus: None,
+                    external_children_index: None,
+                    children_are_stacked: false,
+                    is_expanded_in_stack: false,
+                    exclude_from_sync: None,
+                    run_instructions_to_ignore: [],
+                    hide_floating_panes: false,
+                    pane_initial_contents: None,
+                    default_fg: None,
+                    default_bg: None,
+                },
+                TiledPaneLayout {
+                    children_split_direction: Horizontal,
+                    name: None,
+                    children: [],
+                    split_size: None,
+                    run: Some(
+                        Cwd(
+                            "./.",
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    borderless: None,
+                    focus: None,
+                    external_children_index: None,
+                    children_are_stacked: false,
+                    is_expanded_in_stack: false,
+                    exclude_from_sync: None,
+                    run_instructions_to_ignore: [],
+                    hide_floating_panes: false,
+                    pane_initial_contents: None,
+                    default_fg: None,
+                    default_bg: None,
+                },
+                TiledPaneLayout {
+                    children_split_direction: Horizontal,
+                    name: None,
+                    children: [],
+                    split_size: None,
+                    run: Some(
+                        Cwd(
+                            "./.",
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    borderless: None,
+                    focus: None,
+                    external_children_index: None,
+                    children_are_stacked: false,
+                    is_expanded_in_stack: false,
+                    exclude_from_sync: None,
+                    run_instructions_to_ignore: [],
+                    hide_floating_panes: false,
+                    pane_initial_contents: None,
+                    default_fg: None,
+                    default_bg: None,
+                },
+            ],
+            split_size: None,
+            run: Some(
+                Cwd(
+                    ".",
+                ),
+            ),
+            borderless: None,
+            focus: None,
+            external_children_index: None,
+            children_are_stacked: false,
+            is_expanded_in_stack: false,
+            exclude_from_sync: None,
+            run_instructions_to_ignore: [],
+            hide_floating_panes: false,
+            pane_initial_contents: None,
+            default_fg: None,
+            default_bg: None,
+        },
+    ),
+    [],
+    1,
+    None,
+    false,
+    true,
+    (
+        10,
+        false,
+    ),
+    Some(
+        NotificationEnd {
+            channel: None,
+            exit_status: None,
+            unblock_condition: None,
+            affected_pane_id: None,
+            affected_tab_id: None,
+            error_message: None,
+            stdout_message: None,
+        },
+    ),
+)

zellij-server/src/unit/snapshots/zellij_server__screen__screen_tests__send_cli_new_tab_action_with_layout_string_and_name.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+---
+source: zellij-server/src/./unit/screen_tests.rs
+expression: "format!(\"{:#?}\", new_tab_instruction)"
+---
+NewTab(
+    None,
+    None,
+    Some(
+        TiledPaneLayout {
+            children_split_direction: Horizontal,
+            name: None,
+            children: [
+                TiledPaneLayout {
+                    children_split_direction: Horizontal,
+                    name: None,
+                    children: [],
+                    split_size: None,
+                    run: Some(
+                        Cwd(
+                            "./.",
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    borderless: None,
+                    focus: None,
+                    external_children_index: None,
+                    children_are_stacked: false,
+                    is_expanded_in_stack: false,
+                    exclude_from_sync: None,
+                    run_instructions_to_ignore: [],
+                    hide_floating_panes: false,
+                    pane_initial_contents: None,
+                    default_fg: None,
+                    default_bg: None,
+                },
+                TiledPaneLayout {
+                    children_split_direction: Horizontal,
+                    name: None,
+                    children: [],
+                    split_size: None,
+                    run: Some(
+                        Cwd(
+                            "./.",
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    borderless: None,
+                    focus: None,
+                    external_children_index: None,
+                    children_are_stacked: false,
+                    is_expanded_in_stack: false,
+                    exclude_from_sync: None,
+                    run_instructions_to_ignore: [],
+                    hide_floating_panes: false,
+                    pane_initial_contents: None,
+                    default_fg: None,
+                    default_bg: None,
+                },
+                TiledPaneLayout {
+                    children_split_direction: Horizontal,
+                    name: None,
+                    children: [],
+                    split_size: None,
+                    run: Some(
+                        Cwd(
+                            "./.",
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    borderless: None,
+                    focus: None,
+                    external_children_index: None,
+                    children_are_stacked: false,
+                    is_expanded_in_stack: false,
+                    exclude_from_sync: None,
+                    run_instructions_to_ignore: [],
+                    hide_floating_panes: false,
+                    pane_initial_contents: None,
+                    default_fg: None,
+                    default_bg: None,
+                },
+            ],
+            split_size: None,
+            run: Some(
+                Cwd(
+                    ".",
+                ),
+            ),
+            borderless: None,
+            focus: None,
+            external_children_index: None,
+            children_are_stacked: false,
+            is_expanded_in_stack: false,
+            exclude_from_sync: None,
+            run_instructions_to_ignore: [],
+            hide_floating_panes: false,
+            pane_initial_contents: None,
+            default_fg: None,
+            default_bg: None,
+        },
+    ),
+    [],
+    1,
+    None,
+    false,
+    true,
+    (
+        10,
+        false,
+    ),
+    Some(
+        NotificationEnd {
+            channel: None,
+            exit_status: None,
+            unblock_condition: None,
+            affected_pane_id: None,
+            affected_tab_id: None,
+            error_message: None,
+            stdout_message: None,
+        },
+    ),
+)

zellij-utils/assets/prost_ipc/client_server_contract.rs

@@ -808,6 +808,8 @@ pub struct EditFileAction {
     pub near_current_pane: bool,
     #[prost(bool, tag="8")]
     pub close_replaced_pane: bool,
+    #[prost(uint32, optional, tag="9")]
+    pub tab_id: ::core::option::Option<u32>,
 }
 #[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
@@ -820,6 +822,8 @@ pub struct NewFloatingPaneAction {
     pub coordinates: ::core::option::Option<FloatingPaneCoordinates>,
     #[prost(bool, tag="7")]
     pub near_current_pane: bool,
+    #[prost(uint32, optional, tag="8")]
+    pub tab_id: ::core::option::Option<u32>,
 }
 #[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
@@ -834,6 +838,8 @@ pub struct NewTiledPaneAction {
     pub near_current_pane: bool,
     #[prost(bool, optional, tag="8")]
     pub borderless: ::core::option::Option<bool>,
+    #[prost(uint32, optional, tag="9")]
+    pub tab_id: ::core::option::Option<u32>,
 }
 #[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
@@ -848,6 +854,8 @@ pub struct NewInPlacePaneAction {
     pub pane_id_to_replace: ::core::option::Option<PaneId>,
     #[prost(bool, tag="5")]
     pub close_replaced_pane: bool,
+    #[prost(uint32, optional, tag="6")]
+    pub tab_id: ::core::option::Option<u32>,
 }
 #[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
@@ -858,6 +866,8 @@ pub struct NewStackedPaneAction {
     pub pane_name: ::core::option::Option<::prost::alloc::string::String>,
     #[prost(bool, tag="3")]
     pub near_current_pane: bool,
+    #[prost(uint32, optional, tag="4")]
+    pub tab_id: ::core::option::Option<u32>,
 }
 #[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
@@ -872,6 +882,8 @@ pub struct NewBlockingPaneAction {
     pub unblock_condition: ::core::option::Option<i32>,
     #[prost(bool, tag="5")]
     pub near_current_pane: bool,
+    #[prost(uint32, optional, tag="6")]
+    pub tab_id: ::core::option::Option<u32>,
 }
 #[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
@@ -950,6 +962,8 @@ pub struct LaunchOrFocusPluginAction {
     pub skip_cache: bool,
     #[prost(bool, tag="6")]
     pub close_replaced_pane: bool,
+    #[prost(uint32, optional, tag="7")]
+    pub tab_id: ::core::option::Option<u32>,
 }
 #[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
@@ -966,6 +980,8 @@ pub struct LaunchPluginAction {
     pub cwd: ::core::option::Option<::prost::alloc::string::String>,
     #[prost(bool, tag="6")]
     pub close_replaced_pane: bool,
+    #[prost(uint32, optional, tag="7")]
+    pub tab_id: ::core::option::Option<u32>,
 }
 #[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
@@ -1008,6 +1024,8 @@ pub struct NewTiledPluginPaneAction {
     pub skip_cache: bool,
     #[prost(string, optional, tag="4")]
     pub cwd: ::core::option::Option<::prost::alloc::string::String>,
+    #[prost(uint32, optional, tag="5")]
+    pub tab_id: ::core::option::Option<u32>,
 }
 #[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
@@ -1022,6 +1040,8 @@ pub struct NewFloatingPluginPaneAction {
     pub cwd: ::core::option::Option<::prost::alloc::string::String>,
     #[prost(message, optional, tag="5")]
     pub coordinates: ::core::option::Option<FloatingPaneCoordinates>,
+    #[prost(uint32, optional, tag="6")]
+    pub tab_id: ::core::option::Option<u32>,
 }
 #[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]
@@ -1034,6 +1054,8 @@ pub struct NewInPlacePluginPaneAction {
     pub skip_cache: bool,
     #[prost(bool, tag="4")]
     pub close_replaced_pane: bool,
+    #[prost(uint32, optional, tag="5")]
+    pub tab_id: ::core::option::Option<u32>,
 }
 #[allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]

zellij-utils/src/cli.rs

@@ -59,6 +59,12 @@ pub struct CliArgs {
     #[clap(short, long, value_parser, overrides_with = "layout")]
     pub layout: Option<PathBuf>,
 
+    /// Raw KDL layout string to use directly (instead of a file path)
+    /// if inside a session (or using the --session flag) will be added to the session as a new tab
+    /// or tabs, otherwise will start a new session
+    #[clap(long, value_parser, conflicts_with_all = &["layout", "new-session-with-layout"])]
+    pub layout_string: Option<String>,
+
     /// Name of a predefined layout inside the layout directory or the path to a layout file
     /// Will always start a new session, even if inside an existing session
     #[clap(short, long, value_parser, overrides_with = "new_session_with_layout")]
@@ -515,6 +521,14 @@ pub enum Sessions {
         /// mouse)
         #[clap(short, long, value_parser)]
         borderless: Option<bool>,
+        /// Target a specific tab by ID
+        #[clap(
+            long,
+            value_parser,
+            conflicts_with("near-current-pane"),
+            conflicts_with("in-place")
+        )]
+        tab_id: Option<usize>,
     },
     /// Load a plugin
     /// Returns: Created pane ID (format: plugin_<id>)
@@ -575,6 +589,9 @@ pub enum Sessions {
         /// mouse)
         #[clap(short, long, value_parser)]
         borderless: Option<bool>,
+        /// Target a specific tab by ID
+        #[clap(long, value_parser, conflicts_with("in-place"))]
+        tab_id: Option<usize>,
     },
     /// Edit file with default $EDITOR / $VISUAL
     /// Returns: Created pane ID (format: terminal_<id>)
@@ -641,6 +658,14 @@ pub enum Sessions {
         /// mouse)
         #[clap(short, long, value_parser)]
         borderless: Option<bool>,
+        /// Target a specific tab by ID
+        #[clap(
+            long,
+            value_parser,
+            conflicts_with("near-current-pane"),
+            conflicts_with("in-place")
+        )]
+        tab_id: Option<usize>,
     },
     ConvertConfig {
         old_config_file: PathBuf,
@@ -1010,6 +1035,14 @@ pub enum CliAction {
         /// mouse)
         #[clap(long, value_parser)]
         borderless: Option<bool>,
+        /// Target a specific tab by ID
+        #[clap(
+            long,
+            value_parser,
+            conflicts_with("near-current-pane"),
+            conflicts_with("in-place")
+        )]
+        tab_id: Option<usize>,
     },
     /// Open the specified file in a new zellij pane with your default EDITOR
     /// Returns: Created pane ID (format: terminal_<id>)
@@ -1075,6 +1108,14 @@ pub enum CliAction {
         /// mouse)
         #[clap(short, long, value_parser)]
         borderless: Option<bool>,
+        /// Target a specific tab by ID
+        #[clap(
+            long,
+            value_parser,
+            conflicts_with("near-current-pane"),
+            conflicts_with("in-place")
+        )]
+        tab_id: Option<usize>,
     },
     /// Switch input mode of all connected clients [locked|pane|tab|resize|move|search|session]
     SwitchMode {
@@ -1187,9 +1228,13 @@ pub enum CliAction {
     /// Returns: The created tab's ID as a single number on stdout
     NewTab {
         /// Layout to use for the new tab
-        #[clap(short, long, value_parser)]
+        #[clap(short, long, value_parser, conflicts_with = "layout-string")]
         layout: Option<PathBuf>,
 
+        /// Raw KDL layout string to use directly (instead of a layout file path)
+        #[clap(long, value_parser, conflicts_with = "layout")]
+        layout_string: Option<String>,
+
         /// Default folder to look for layouts
         #[clap(long, value_parser, requires("layout"))]
         layout_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
@@ -1292,8 +1337,16 @@ pub enum CliAction {
     /// Override the layout of the active tab
     OverrideLayout {
         /// Path to the layout file
-        #[clap(value_parser)]
-        layout: PathBuf,
+        #[clap(
+            value_parser,
+            required_unless_present = "layout-string",
+            conflicts_with = "layout-string"
+        )]
+        layout: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+        /// Raw KDL layout string to use directly (instead of a layout file path)
+        #[clap(long, value_parser, conflicts_with = "layout")]
+        layout_string: Option<String>,
 
         /// Default folder to look for layouts
         #[clap(long, value_parser)]
@@ -1341,6 +1394,9 @@ pub enum CliAction {
         configuration: Option<PluginUserConfiguration>,
         #[clap(short, long, value_parser)]
         skip_plugin_cache: bool,
+        /// Target a specific tab by ID
+        #[clap(long, value_parser, conflicts_with("in-place"))]
+        tab_id: Option<usize>,
     },
     /// Returns: Plugin pane ID (format: plugin_<id>)
     LaunchPlugin {
@@ -1362,6 +1418,9 @@ pub enum CliAction {
         configuration: Option<PluginUserConfiguration>,
         #[clap(short, long, value_parser)]
         skip_plugin_cache: bool,
+        /// Target a specific tab by ID
+        #[clap(long, value_parser, conflicts_with("in-place"))]
+        tab_id: Option<usize>,
     },
     RenameSession {
         name: String,
@@ -1573,8 +1632,11 @@ tail -f /tmp/my-live-logfile | zellij action pipe --name logs --plugin https://e
         #[clap(long)]
         pane_id: Option<String>,
         /// Layout to apply when switching to the session (relative paths start at layout-dir)
-        #[clap(short, long, value_parser)]
+        #[clap(short, long, value_parser, conflicts_with = "layout-string")]
         layout: Option<PathBuf>,
+        /// Raw KDL layout string to use directly
+        #[clap(long, value_parser, conflicts_with = "layout")]
+        layout_string: Option<String>,
         /// Default folder to look for layouts
         #[clap(long, value_parser, requires("layout"))]
         layout_dir: Option<PathBuf>,

zellij-utils/src/client_server_contract/common_types.proto

@@ -454,6 +454,7 @@ message EditFileAction {
   optional FloatingPaneCoordinates coordinates = 6;
   bool near_current_pane = 7;
   bool close_replaced_pane = 8;
+  optional uint32 tab_id = 9;
 }
 
 message NewFloatingPaneAction {
@@ -461,6 +462,7 @@ message NewFloatingPaneAction {
   optional string pane_name = 2;
   optional FloatingPaneCoordinates coordinates = 3;
   bool near_current_pane = 7;
+  optional uint32 tab_id = 8;
 }
 
 message NewTiledPaneAction {
@@ -469,6 +471,7 @@ message NewTiledPaneAction {
   optional string pane_name = 3;
   bool near_current_pane = 7;
   optional bool borderless = 8;
+  optional uint32 tab_id = 9;
 }
 
 message NewInPlacePaneAction {
@@ -477,12 +480,14 @@ message NewInPlacePaneAction {
   bool near_current_pane = 3;
   optional PaneId pane_id_to_replace = 4;
   bool close_replaced_pane = 5;
+  optional uint32 tab_id = 6;
 }
 
 message NewStackedPaneAction {
   optional RunCommandAction command = 1;
   optional string pane_name = 2;
   bool near_current_pane = 3;
+  optional uint32 tab_id = 4;
 }
 
 message NewBlockingPaneAction {
@@ -491,6 +496,7 @@ message NewBlockingPaneAction {
   optional RunCommandAction command = 3;
   optional UnblockCondition unblock_condition = 4;
   bool near_current_pane = 5;
+  optional uint32 tab_id = 6;
 }
 
 message PaneNameInputAction {
@@ -538,6 +544,7 @@ message LaunchOrFocusPluginAction {
   bool should_open_in_place = 4;
   bool skip_cache = 5;
   bool close_replaced_pane = 6;
+  optional uint32 tab_id = 7;
 }
 
 message LaunchPluginAction {
@@ -547,6 +554,7 @@ message LaunchPluginAction {
   bool skip_cache = 4;
   optional string cwd = 5;
   bool close_replaced_pane = 6;
+  optional uint32 tab_id = 7;
 }
 
 message MouseEventAction {
@@ -574,6 +582,7 @@ message NewTiledPluginPaneAction {
   optional string pane_name = 2;
   bool skip_cache = 3;
   optional string cwd = 4;
+  optional uint32 tab_id = 5;
 }
 
 message NewFloatingPluginPaneAction {
@@ -582,6 +591,7 @@ message NewFloatingPluginPaneAction {
   bool skip_cache = 3;
   optional string cwd = 4;
   optional FloatingPaneCoordinates coordinates = 5;
+  optional uint32 tab_id = 6;
 }
 
 message NewInPlacePluginPaneAction {
@@ -589,6 +599,7 @@ message NewInPlacePluginPaneAction {
   optional string pane_name = 2;
   bool skip_cache = 3;
   bool close_replaced_pane = 4;
+  optional uint32 tab_id = 5;
 }
 
 message StartOrReloadPluginAction {

zellij-utils/src/ipc/protobuf_conversion.rs

@@ -1095,6 +1095,8 @@ impl From<crate::input::actions::Action>
                 start_suppressed,
                 coordinates,
                 near_current_pane,
+                tab_id,
+                ..
             } => ActionType::EditFile(EditFileAction {
                 payload: Some(payload.into()),
                 direction: direction.map(|d| direction_to_proto_i32(d)),
@@ -1104,17 +1106,21 @@ impl From<crate::input::actions::Action>
                 start_suppressed,
                 coordinates: coordinates.map(|c| c.into()),
                 near_current_pane,
+                tab_id: tab_id.map(|t| t as u32),
             }),
             crate::input::actions::Action::NewFloatingPane {
                 command,
                 pane_name,
                 coordinates,
                 near_current_pane,
+                tab_id,
+                ..
             } => ActionType::NewFloatingPane(NewFloatingPaneAction {
                 command: command.map(|c| c.into()),
                 pane_name,
                 coordinates: coordinates.map(|c| c.into()),
                 near_current_pane,
+                tab_id: tab_id.map(|t| t as u32),
             }),
             crate::input::actions::Action::NewTiledPane {
                 direction,
@@ -1122,12 +1128,15 @@ impl From<crate::input::actions::Action>
                 pane_name,
                 near_current_pane,
                 borderless,
+                tab_id,
+                ..
             } => ActionType::NewTiledPane(NewTiledPaneAction {
                 direction: direction.map(|d| direction_to_proto_i32(d)),
                 command: command.map(|c| c.into()),
                 pane_name,
                 near_current_pane,
                 borderless,
+                tab_id: tab_id.map(|t| t as u32),
             }),
             crate::input::actions::Action::NewInPlacePane {
                 command,
@@ -1135,21 +1144,27 @@ impl From<crate::input::actions::Action>
                 near_current_pane,
                 pane_id_to_replace,
                 close_replaced_pane,
+                tab_id,
+                ..
             } => ActionType::NewInPlacePane(NewInPlacePaneAction {
                 command: command.map(|c| c.into()),
                 pane_name,
                 near_current_pane,
                 pane_id_to_replace: pane_id_to_replace.and_then(|p| p.try_into().ok()),
                 close_replaced_pane,
+                tab_id: tab_id.map(|t| t as u32),
             }),
             crate::input::actions::Action::NewStackedPane {
                 command,
                 pane_name,
                 near_current_pane,
+                tab_id,
+                ..
             } => ActionType::NewStackedPane(NewStackedPaneAction {
                 command: command.map(|c| c.into()),
                 pane_name,
                 near_current_pane,
+                tab_id: tab_id.map(|t| t as u32),
             }),
             crate::input::actions::Action::NewBlockingPane {
                 placement,
@@ -1157,12 +1172,15 @@ impl From<crate::input::actions::Action>
                 command,
                 unblock_condition,
                 near_current_pane,
+                tab_id,
+                ..
             } => ActionType::NewBlockingPane(NewBlockingPaneAction {
                 placement: Some(placement.into()),
                 pane_name,
                 command: command.map(|c| c.into()),
                 unblock_condition: unblock_condition.map(|c| unblock_condition_to_proto_i32(c)),
                 near_current_pane,
+                tab_id: tab_id.map(|t| t as u32),
             }),
             crate::input::actions::Action::TogglePaneEmbedOrFloating => {
                 ActionType::TogglePaneEmbedOrFloating(TogglePaneEmbedOrFloatingAction {})
@@ -1283,6 +1301,8 @@ impl From<crate::input::actions::Action>
                 should_open_in_place,
                 close_replaced_pane,
                 skip_cache,
+                tab_id,
+                ..
             } => ActionType::LaunchOrFocusPlugin(LaunchOrFocusPluginAction {
                 plugin: Some(plugin.into()),
                 should_float,
@@ -1290,6 +1310,7 @@ impl From<crate::input::actions::Action>
                 should_open_in_place,
                 close_replaced_pane,
                 skip_cache,
+                tab_id: tab_id.map(|t| t as u32),
             }),
             crate::input::actions::Action::LaunchPlugin {
                 plugin,
@@ -1298,6 +1319,8 @@ impl From<crate::input::actions::Action>
                 close_replaced_pane,
                 skip_cache,
                 cwd,
+                tab_id,
+                ..
             } => ActionType::LaunchPlugin(LaunchPluginAction {
                 plugin: Some(plugin.into()),
                 should_float,
@@ -1305,6 +1328,7 @@ impl From<crate::input::actions::Action>
                 close_replaced_pane,
                 skip_cache,
                 cwd: cwd.map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string()),
+                tab_id: tab_id.map(|t| t as u32),
             }),
             crate::input::actions::Action::MouseEvent { event } => {
                 ActionType::MouseEvent(MouseEventAction {
@@ -1362,11 +1386,14 @@ impl From<crate::input::actions::Action>
                 pane_name,
                 skip_cache,
                 cwd,
+                tab_id,
+                ..
             } => ActionType::NewTiledPluginPane(NewTiledPluginPaneAction {
                 plugin: Some(plugin.into()),
                 pane_name,
                 skip_cache,
                 cwd: cwd.map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string()),
+                tab_id: tab_id.map(|t| t as u32),
             }),
             crate::input::actions::Action::NewFloatingPluginPane {
                 plugin,
@@ -1374,23 +1401,29 @@ impl From<crate::input::actions::Action>
                 skip_cache,
                 cwd,
                 coordinates,
+                tab_id,
+                ..
             } => ActionType::NewFloatingPluginPane(NewFloatingPluginPaneAction {
                 plugin: Some(plugin.into()),
                 pane_name,
                 skip_cache,
                 cwd: cwd.map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string()),
                 coordinates: coordinates.map(|c| c.into()),
+                tab_id: tab_id.map(|t| t as u32),
             }),
             crate::input::actions::Action::NewInPlacePluginPane {
                 plugin,
                 pane_name,
                 skip_cache,
                 close_replaced_pane,
+                tab_id,
+                ..
             } => ActionType::NewInPlacePluginPane(NewInPlacePluginPaneAction {
                 plugin: Some(plugin.into()),
                 pane_name,
                 skip_cache,
                 close_replaced_pane,
+                tab_id: tab_id.map(|t| t as u32),
             }),
             crate::input::actions::Action::StartOrReloadPlugin { plugin } => {
                 ActionType::StartOrReloadPlugin(StartOrReloadPluginAction {
@@ -1916,6 +1949,7 @@ impl TryFrom<crate::client_server_contract::client_server_contract::Action>
                     .map(|c| c.try_into())
                     .transpose()?,
                 near_current_pane: edit_file_action.near_current_pane,
+                tab_id: edit_file_action.tab_id.map(|t| t as usize),
             }),
             ActionType::NewFloatingPane(new_floating_action) => {
                 Ok(crate::input::actions::Action::NewFloatingPane {
@@ -1929,6 +1963,7 @@ impl TryFrom<crate::client_server_contract::client_server_contract::Action>
                         .map(|c| c.try_into())
                         .transpose()?,
                     near_current_pane: new_floating_action.near_current_pane,
+                    tab_id: new_floating_action.tab_id.map(|t| t as usize),
                 })
             },
             ActionType::NewTiledPane(new_tiled_action) => {
@@ -1941,6 +1976,7 @@ impl TryFrom<crate::client_server_contract::client_server_contract::Action>
                     pane_name: new_tiled_action.pane_name,
                     near_current_pane: new_tiled_action.near_current_pane,
                     borderless: new_tiled_action.borderless,
+                    tab_id: new_tiled_action.tab_id.map(|t| t as usize),
                 })
             },
             ActionType::NewInPlacePane(new_in_place_action) => {
@@ -1955,6 +1991,7 @@ impl TryFrom<crate::client_server_contract::client_server_contract::Action>
                         .pane_id_to_replace
                         .and_then(|p| p.try_into().ok()),
                     close_replaced_pane: new_in_place_action.close_replaced_pane,
+                    tab_id: new_in_place_action.tab_id.map(|t| t as usize),
                 })
             },
             ActionType::NewStackedPane(new_stacked_action) => {
@@ -1965,6 +2002,7 @@ impl TryFrom<crate::client_server_contract::client_server_contract::Action>
                         .transpose()?,
                     pane_name: new_stacked_action.pane_name,
                     near_current_pane: new_stacked_action.near_current_pane,
+                    tab_id: new_stacked_action.tab_id.map(|t| t as usize),
                 })
             },
             ActionType::NewBlockingPane(new_blocking_action) => {
@@ -1983,6 +2021,7 @@ impl TryFrom<crate::client_server_contract::client_server_contract::Action>
                         .map(|c| proto_i32_to_unblock_condition(c))
                         .transpose()?,
                     near_current_pane: new_blocking_action.near_current_pane,
+                    tab_id: new_blocking_action.tab_id.map(|t| t as usize),
                 })
             },
             ActionType::TogglePaneEmbedOrFloating(_) => {
@@ -2126,6 +2165,7 @@ impl TryFrom<crate::client_server_contract::client_server_contract::Action>
                     should_open_in_place: launch_plugin_action.should_open_in_place,
                     close_replaced_pane: launch_plugin_action.close_replaced_pane,
                     skip_cache: launch_plugin_action.skip_cache,
+                    tab_id: launch_plugin_action.tab_id.map(|t| t as usize),
                 })
             },
             ActionType::LaunchPlugin(launch_plugin_action) => {
@@ -2139,6 +2179,7 @@ impl TryFrom<crate::client_server_contract::client_server_contract::Action>
                     close_replaced_pane: launch_plugin_action.close_replaced_pane,
                     skip_cache: launch_plugin_action.skip_cache,
                     cwd: launch_plugin_action.cwd.map(PathBuf::from),
+                    tab_id: launch_plugin_action.tab_id.map(|t| t as usize),
                 })
             },
             ActionType::MouseEvent(mouse_event_action) => {
@@ -2210,6 +2251,7 @@ impl TryFrom<crate::client_server_contract::client_server_contract::Action>
                     pane_name: new_tiled_plugin_action.pane_name,
                     skip_cache: new_tiled_plugin_action.skip_cache,
                     cwd: new_tiled_plugin_action.cwd.map(PathBuf::from),
+                    tab_id: new_tiled_plugin_action.tab_id.map(|t| t as usize),
                 })
             },
             ActionType::NewFloatingPluginPane(new_floating_plugin_action) => {
@@ -2225,6 +2267,7 @@ impl TryFrom<crate::client_server_contract::client_server_contract::Action>
                         .coordinates
                         .map(|c| c.try_into())
                         .transpose()?,
+                    tab_id: new_floating_plugin_action.tab_id.map(|t| t as usize),
                 })
             },
             ActionType::NewInPlacePluginPane(new_in_place_plugin_action) => {
@@ -2236,6 +2279,7 @@ impl TryFrom<crate::client_server_contract::client_server_contract::Action>
                     pane_name: new_in_place_plugin_action.pane_name,
                     skip_cache: new_in_place_plugin_action.skip_cache,
                     close_replaced_pane: new_in_place_plugin_action.close_replaced_pane,
+                    tab_id: new_in_place_plugin_action.tab_id.map(|t| t as usize),
                 })
             },
             ActionType::StartOrReloadPlugin(start_plugin_action) => {

zellij-utils/src/ipc/tests/roundtrip_tests.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use super::test_framework::*;
 use crate::data::{
     BareKey, CommandOrPlugin, ConnectToSession, Direction, FloatingPaneCoordinates, InputMode,
-    KeyModifier, KeyWithModifier, LayoutInfo, LayoutMetadata, OriginatingPlugin, PaneId, PluginTag,
-    Resize, WebSharing,
+    KeyModifier, KeyWithModifier, LayoutInfo, LayoutMetadata, NewPanePlacement, OriginatingPlugin,
+    PaneId, PluginTag, Resize, WebSharing,
 };
 use crate::input::actions::{Action, SearchDirection, SearchOption};
 use crate::input::cli_assets::CliAssets;
@@ -1054,6 +1054,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             start_suppressed: false,
             coordinates: None,
             near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1078,6 +1079,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             start_suppressed: false,
             coordinates: None,
             near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1102,6 +1104,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             start_suppressed: false,
             coordinates: None,
             near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1126,6 +1129,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             start_suppressed: true,
             coordinates: FloatingPaneCoordinates::new(None, None, None, None, None, Some(false)),
             near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1157,6 +1161,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
                 Some(false),
             ),
             near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1188,6 +1193,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
                 Some(false),
             ),
             near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1219,6 +1225,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
                 Some(false),
             ),
             near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1250,6 +1257,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
                 Some(false)
             ),
             near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1261,6 +1269,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             pane_name: None,
             coordinates: None,
             near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1288,6 +1297,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
                 Some(false),
             ),
             near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1319,6 +1329,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
                 Some(false),
             ),
             near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1331,6 +1342,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             pane_name: None,
             near_current_pane: false,
             borderless: None,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1356,6 +1368,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             pane_name: Some("my_pane_name".to_owned()),
             near_current_pane: false,
             borderless: Some(true),
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1381,6 +1394,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             near_current_pane: false,
             pane_id_to_replace: None,
             close_replaced_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1393,6 +1407,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             near_current_pane: false,
             pane_id_to_replace: None,
             close_replaced_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1416,6 +1431,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             }),
             pane_name: Some("my_pane_name".to_owned()),
             near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -1426,6 +1442,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             command: None,
             pane_name: None,
             near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -2230,6 +2247,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             should_open_in_place: true,
             close_replaced_pane: false,
             skip_cache: true,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -2244,6 +2262,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             should_open_in_place: false,
             close_replaced_pane: false,
             skip_cache: false,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -2258,6 +2277,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             close_replaced_pane: false,
             skip_cache: true,
             cwd: None,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -2272,6 +2292,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             close_replaced_pane: false,
             skip_cache: false,
             cwd: Some(PathBuf::from("/path/to/cwd")),
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -2438,6 +2459,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             pane_name: Some("my_pane_name".to_owned()),
             skip_cache: false,
             cwd: Some(PathBuf::from("relative/path/to/cwd")),
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -2450,6 +2472,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             skip_cache: true,
             cwd: Some(PathBuf::from("relative/path/to/cwd")),
             coordinates: None,
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -2469,6 +2492,7 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
                 Some(true),
                 Some(false),
             ),
+            tab_id: None,
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),
@@ -2480,6 +2504,159 @@ fn test_client_messages() {
             pane_name: Some("my_pane_name".to_owned()),
             skip_cache: true,
             close_replaced_pane: false,
+            tab_id: None,
+        },
+        terminal_id: Some(1),
+        client_id: Some(100),
+        is_cli_client: true,
+    });
+    // tab_id roundtrip tests - verify tab_id survives serialization
+    test_client_roundtrip!(ClientToServerMsg::Action {
+        action: Action::NewTiledPane {
+            direction: Some(Direction::Right),
+            command: None,
+            pane_name: None,
+            near_current_pane: false,
+            borderless: None,
+            tab_id: Some(3),
+        },
+        terminal_id: Some(1),
+        client_id: Some(100),
+        is_cli_client: true,
+    });
+    test_client_roundtrip!(ClientToServerMsg::Action {
+        action: Action::NewFloatingPane {
+            command: None,
+            pane_name: None,
+            coordinates: None,
+            near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: Some(5),
+        },
+        terminal_id: Some(1),
+        client_id: Some(100),
+        is_cli_client: true,
+    });
+    test_client_roundtrip!(ClientToServerMsg::Action {
+        action: Action::NewStackedPane {
+            command: None,
+            pane_name: None,
+            near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: Some(2),
+        },
+        terminal_id: Some(1),
+        client_id: Some(100),
+        is_cli_client: true,
+    });
+    test_client_roundtrip!(ClientToServerMsg::Action {
+        action: Action::NewBlockingPane {
+            placement: NewPanePlacement::Tiled {
+                direction: None,
+                borderless: None
+            },
+            pane_name: None,
+            command: None,
+            unblock_condition: None,
+            near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: Some(1),
+        },
+        terminal_id: Some(1),
+        client_id: Some(100),
+        is_cli_client: true,
+    });
+    test_client_roundtrip!(ClientToServerMsg::Action {
+        action: Action::EditFile {
+            payload: OpenFilePayload {
+                path: PathBuf::from("/file/path"),
+                line_number: None,
+                cwd: None,
+                originating_plugin: None,
+            },
+            direction: None,
+            floating: false,
+            in_place: false,
+            close_replaced_pane: false,
+            start_suppressed: false,
+            coordinates: None,
+            near_current_pane: false,
+            tab_id: Some(4),
+        },
+        terminal_id: Some(1),
+        client_id: Some(100),
+        is_cli_client: true,
+    });
+    test_client_roundtrip!(ClientToServerMsg::Action {
+        action: Action::NewInPlacePane {
+            command: None,
+            pane_name: None,
+            near_current_pane: false,
+            pane_id_to_replace: None,
+            close_replaced_pane: false,
+            tab_id: Some(7),
+        },
+        terminal_id: Some(1),
+        client_id: Some(100),
+        is_cli_client: true,
+    });
+    test_client_roundtrip!(ClientToServerMsg::Action {
+        action: Action::LaunchOrFocusPlugin {
+            plugin: RunPluginOrAlias::RunPlugin(RunPlugin::default()),
+            should_float: true,
+            move_to_focused_tab: false,
+            should_open_in_place: false,
+            close_replaced_pane: false,
+            skip_cache: false,
+            tab_id: Some(2),
+        },
+        terminal_id: Some(1),
+        client_id: Some(100),
+        is_cli_client: true,
+    });
+    test_client_roundtrip!(ClientToServerMsg::Action {
+        action: Action::LaunchPlugin {
+            plugin: RunPluginOrAlias::RunPlugin(RunPlugin::default()),
+            should_float: false,
+            should_open_in_place: false,
+            close_replaced_pane: false,
+            skip_cache: false,
+            cwd: None,
+            tab_id: Some(6),
+        },
+        terminal_id: Some(1),
+        client_id: Some(100),
+        is_cli_client: true,
+    });
+    test_client_roundtrip!(ClientToServerMsg::Action {
+        action: Action::NewTiledPluginPane {
+            plugin: RunPluginOrAlias::RunPlugin(RunPlugin::default()),
+            pane_name: None,
+            skip_cache: false,
+            cwd: None,
+            tab_id: Some(1),
+        },
+        terminal_id: Some(1),
+        client_id: Some(100),
+        is_cli_client: true,
+    });
+    test_client_roundtrip!(ClientToServerMsg::Action {
+        action: Action::NewFloatingPluginPane {
+            plugin: RunPluginOrAlias::RunPlugin(RunPlugin::default()),
+            pane_name: None,
+            skip_cache: false,
+            cwd: None,
+            coordinates: None,
+            tab_id: Some(3),
+        },
+        terminal_id: Some(1),
+        client_id: Some(100),
+        is_cli_client: true,
+    });
+    test_client_roundtrip!(ClientToServerMsg::Action {
+        action: Action::NewInPlacePluginPane {
+            plugin: RunPluginOrAlias::RunPlugin(RunPlugin::default()),
+            pane_name: None,
+            skip_cache: false,
+            close_replaced_pane: false,
+            tab_id: Some(2),
         },
         terminal_id: Some(1),
         client_id: Some(100),

zellij-utils/src/kdl/mod.rs

@@ -558,6 +558,7 @@ impl Action {
                         command: None,
                         pane_name: None,
                         near_current_pane: false,
+                        tab_id: None,
                     });
                 } else {
                     let direction = Direction::from_str(string.as_str()).map_err(|_| {
@@ -840,6 +841,7 @@ impl Action {
                 pane_name: name,
                 near_current_pane: false,
                 borderless: _,
+                ..
             } => {
                 let mut node = KdlNode::new("Run");
                 let mut node_children = KdlDocument::new();
@@ -890,6 +892,7 @@ impl Action {
                 pane_name: name,
                 coordinates: floating_pane_coordinates,
                 near_current_pane: false,
+                ..
             } => {
                 let mut node = KdlNode::new("Run");
                 let mut node_children = KdlDocument::new();
@@ -983,6 +986,7 @@ impl Action {
                 near_current_pane: false,
                 pane_id_to_replace: None,
                 close_replaced_pane,
+                ..
             } => {
                 let mut node = KdlNode::new("Run");
                 let mut node_children = KdlDocument::new();
@@ -1029,6 +1033,7 @@ impl Action {
                 command: run_command_action,
                 pane_name: name,
                 near_current_pane: _,
+                ..
             } => match run_command_action {
                 Some(run_command_action) => {
                     let mut node = KdlNode::new("Run");
@@ -1108,6 +1113,7 @@ impl Action {
                 should_open_in_place,
                 close_replaced_pane,
                 skip_cache: skip_plugin_cache,
+                ..
             } => {
                 let mut node = KdlNode::new("LaunchOrFocusPlugin");
                 let mut node_children = KdlDocument::new();
@@ -1157,6 +1163,7 @@ impl Action {
                 close_replaced_pane,
                 skip_cache: skip_plugin_cache,
                 cwd,
+                ..
             } => {
                 let mut node = KdlNode::new("LaunchPlugin");
                 let mut node_children = KdlDocument::new();
@@ -1993,6 +2000,7 @@ impl TryFrom<(&KdlNode, &Options)> for Action {
                             x, y, width, height, pinned, borderless,
                         ),
                         near_current_pane: false,
+                        tab_id: None,
                     })
                 } else if in_place {
                     Ok(Action::NewInPlacePane {
@@ -2001,12 +2009,14 @@ impl TryFrom<(&KdlNode, &Options)> for Action {
                         near_current_pane: false,
                         pane_id_to_replace: None,
                         close_replaced_pane,
+                        tab_id: None,
                     })
                 } else if stacked {
                     Ok(Action::NewStackedPane {
                         command: Some(run_command_action),
                         pane_name: name,
                         near_current_pane: false,
+                        tab_id: None,
                     })
                 } else {
                     Ok(Action::NewTiledPane {
@@ -2015,6 +2025,7 @@ impl TryFrom<(&KdlNode, &Options)> for Action {
                         pane_name: name,
                         near_current_pane: false,
                         borderless: None,
+                        tab_id: None,
                     })
                 }
             },
@@ -2071,6 +2082,7 @@ impl TryFrom<(&KdlNode, &Options)> for Action {
                     should_open_in_place,
                     close_replaced_pane,
                     skip_cache: skip_plugin_cache,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 })
             },
             "LaunchPlugin" => {
@@ -2120,7 +2132,8 @@ impl TryFrom<(&KdlNode, &Options)> for Action {
                     close_replaced_pane,
                     skip_cache: skip_plugin_cache,
                     cwd: None, // we explicitly do not send the current dir here so that it will be
-                               // filled from the active pane == better UX
+                    // filled from the active pane == better UX
+                    tab_id: None,
                 })
             },
             "PreviousSwapLayout" => Ok(Action::PreviousSwapLayout),

zellij-utils/src/plugin_api/action.rs

@@ -338,6 +338,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ProtobufAction> for Action {
                         start_suppressed: false,
                         coordinates: None,
                         near_current_pane,
+                        tab_id: None,
                     })
                 },
                 _ => Err("Wrong payload for Action::NewPane"),
@@ -353,6 +354,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ProtobufAction> for Action {
                             pane_name,
                             coordinates: None,
                             near_current_pane,
+                            tab_id: None,
                         })
                     } else {
                         Ok(Action::NewFloatingPane {
@@ -360,6 +362,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ProtobufAction> for Action {
                             pane_name: None,
                             coordinates: None,
                             near_current_pane,
+                            tab_id: None,
                         })
                     }
                 },
@@ -382,6 +385,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ProtobufAction> for Action {
                             pane_name,
                             near_current_pane,
                             borderless,
+                            tab_id: None,
                         })
                     } else {
                         Ok(Action::NewTiledPane {
@@ -390,6 +394,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ProtobufAction> for Action {
                             pane_name: None,
                             near_current_pane,
                             borderless,
+                            tab_id: None,
                         })
                     }
                 },
@@ -658,6 +663,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ProtobufAction> for Action {
                             should_open_in_place,
                             close_replaced_pane: false,
                             skip_cache: skip_plugin_cache,
+                            tab_id: None,
                         })
                     },
                     _ => Err("Wrong payload for Action::LaunchOrFocusPlugin"),
@@ -688,6 +694,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ProtobufAction> for Action {
                         close_replaced_pane: false,
                         skip_cache: skip_plugin_cache,
                         cwd: None,
+                        tab_id: None,
                     })
                 },
                 _ => Err("Wrong payload for Action::LaunchOrFocusPlugin"),
@@ -807,6 +814,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ProtobufAction> for Action {
                             pane_name,
                             skip_cache: skip_plugin_cache,
                             cwd: None,
+                            tab_id: None,
                         })
                     },
                     _ => Err("Wrong payload for Action::NewTiledPluginPane"),
@@ -832,6 +840,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ProtobufAction> for Action {
                             skip_cache: skip_plugin_cache,
                             cwd: None,
                             coordinates: None,
+                            tab_id: None,
                         })
                     },
                     _ => Err("Wrong payload for Action::MiddleClick"),
@@ -984,6 +993,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ProtobufAction> for Action {
                     command: None,
                     pane_name: None,
                     near_current_pane: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 }),
             },
             Some(ProtobufActionName::NewBlockingPane) => match protobuf_action.optional_payload {
@@ -1005,6 +1015,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ProtobufAction> for Action {
                         command,
                         unblock_condition,
                         near_current_pane,
+                        tab_id: None,
                     })
                 },
                 _ => Err("Wrong payload for Action::NewBlockingPane"),
@@ -1024,6 +1035,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ProtobufAction> for Action {
                             near_current_pane,
                             pane_id_to_replace,
                             close_replaced_pane,
+                            tab_id: None,
                         })
                     } else {
                         Ok(Action::NewInPlacePane {
@@ -1032,6 +1044,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ProtobufAction> for Action {
                             near_current_pane,
                             pane_id_to_replace,
                             close_replaced_pane,
+                            tab_id: None,
                         })
                     }
                 },
@@ -1298,6 +1311,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Action> for ProtobufAction {
                 start_suppressed: _start_suppressed,
                 coordinates: _floating_pane_coordinates,
                 near_current_pane,
+                ..
             } => {
                 let file_to_edit = open_file_payload.path.display().to_string();
                 let cwd = open_file_payload.cwd.map(|cwd| cwd.display().to_string());
@@ -1322,6 +1336,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Action> for ProtobufAction {
                 pane_name,
                 coordinates: _coordinates,
                 near_current_pane,
+                ..
             } => {
                 let command = run_command_action.and_then(|r| {
                     let mut protobuf_run_command_action: ProtobufRunCommandAction =
@@ -1345,6 +1360,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Action> for ProtobufAction {
                 pane_name,
                 near_current_pane,
                 borderless,
+                ..
             } => {
                 let direction = direction.and_then(|direction| {
                     let protobuf_direction: ProtobufResizeDirection = direction.try_into().ok()?;
@@ -1558,6 +1574,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Action> for ProtobufAction {
                 should_open_in_place,
                 close_replaced_pane: _close_replaced_pane,
                 skip_cache: skip_plugin_cache,
+                ..
             } => {
                 let configuration = run_plugin_or_alias.get_configuration().unwrap_or_default();
                 Ok(ProtobufAction {
@@ -1581,6 +1598,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Action> for ProtobufAction {
                 close_replaced_pane: _close_replaced_pane,
                 skip_cache: skip_plugin_cache,
                 cwd: _cwd,
+                ..
             } => {
                 let configuration = run_plugin_or_alias.get_configuration().unwrap_or_default();
                 Ok(ProtobufAction {
@@ -1668,6 +1686,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Action> for ProtobufAction {
                 pane_name,
                 skip_cache: skip_plugin_cache,
                 cwd: _cwd,
+                ..
             } => Ok(ProtobufAction {
                 name: ProtobufActionName::NewTiledPluginPane as i32,
                 optional_payload: Some(OptionalPayload::NewTiledPluginPanePayload(
@@ -1684,6 +1703,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Action> for ProtobufAction {
                 skip_cache: skip_plugin_cache,
                 cwd: _cwd,
                 coordinates: _coordinates,
+                ..
             } => Ok(ProtobufAction {
                 name: ProtobufActionName::NewFloatingPluginPane as i32,
                 optional_payload: Some(OptionalPayload::NewFloatingPluginPanePayload(
@@ -1806,6 +1826,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Action> for ProtobufAction {
                 command: _,
                 pane_name: _,
                 near_current_pane: _,
+                ..
             } => Ok(ProtobufAction {
                 name: ProtobufActionName::NewStackedPane as i32,
                 optional_payload: None,
@@ -1816,6 +1837,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Action> for ProtobufAction {
                 command,
                 unblock_condition,
                 near_current_pane,
+                ..
             } => {
                 let placement: ProtobufNewPanePlacement = placement.try_into()?;
                 let command = command.and_then(|c| {
@@ -1847,6 +1869,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Action> for ProtobufAction {
                 near_current_pane,
                 pane_id_to_replace,
                 close_replaced_pane,
+                ..
             } => {
                 let command = run_command_action.and_then(|r| {
                     let mut protobuf_run_command_action: ProtobufRunCommandAction =
@@ -1876,6 +1899,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Action> for ProtobufAction {
                 pane_name: _,
                 skip_cache: _,
                 close_replaced_pane: _,
+                ..
             }
             | Action::Deny
             | Action::Copy

zellij-utils/src/setup.rs

@@ -612,7 +612,9 @@ impl Setup {
         // the chosen layout can either be a path relative to the layout_dir or a name of one
         // of our assets, this distinction is made when parsing the layout - TODO: ideally, this
         // logic should not be split up and all the decisions should happen here
-        let (layout_info, chosen_layout) = if let Some(chosen_layout) = cli_args.layout.clone() {
+        let (layout_info, chosen_layout) = if let Some(ref layout_string) = cli_args.layout_string {
+            (Some(LayoutInfo::Stringified(layout_string.clone())), None)
+        } else if let Some(chosen_layout) = cli_args.layout.clone() {
             let layout_info = LayoutInfo::from_cli(
                 &layout_dir,
                 &Some(chosen_layout.clone()),
@@ -631,6 +633,10 @@ impl Setup {
             Some(LayoutInfo::Url(ref layout_url)) => {
                 Layout::from_url(layout_url, config).map(|(_layout, config)| (layout_info, config))
             },
+            Some(LayoutInfo::Stringified(ref raw_layout)) => {
+                Layout::from_stringified_layout(raw_layout, config)
+                    .map(|(_layout, config)| (layout_info, config))
+            },
             _ => Layout::from_path_or_default(chosen_layout.as_ref(), layout_dir.clone(), config)
                 .map(|(_layout, config)| (layout_info, config)),
         }
@@ -879,4 +885,21 @@ mod setup_test {
         let expected = cwd.join("assets/layouts/compact");
         assert_eq!(layout_path, expected.display().to_string());
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn layout_string_cli_argument() {
+        let layout_kdl = "layout {\n    pane\n    pane\n}\n".to_string();
+        let cli_args = CliArgs {
+            layout_string: Some(layout_kdl.clone()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let (_, layout_info, _, _, _) = Setup::from_cli_args(&cli_args).unwrap();
+        let Some(LayoutInfo::Stringified(content)) = layout_info else {
+            panic!(
+                "layout info should be Stringified variant, got: {:#?}",
+                layout_info
+            );
+        };
+        assert_eq!(content, layout_kdl);
+    }
 }

zellij-utils/src/snapshots/zellij_utils__setup__setup_test__default_config_with_no_cli_arguments.snap

@@ -1349,6 +1349,7 @@ Config {
                     command: None,
                     pane_name: None,
                     near_current_pane: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4190,6 +4191,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4231,6 +4233,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4352,6 +4355,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4443,6 +4447,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4517,6 +4522,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4570,6 +4576,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,

zellij-utils/src/snapshots/zellij_utils__setup__setup_test__layout_env_vars_override_config_env_vars.snap

@@ -1349,6 +1349,7 @@ Config {
                     command: None,
                     pane_name: None,
                     near_current_pane: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4190,6 +4191,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4231,6 +4233,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4352,6 +4355,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4443,6 +4447,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4517,6 +4522,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4570,6 +4576,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,

zellij-utils/src/snapshots/zellij_utils__setup__setup_test__layout_themes_override_config_themes.snap

@@ -1349,6 +1349,7 @@ Config {
                     command: None,
                     pane_name: None,
                     near_current_pane: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4190,6 +4191,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4231,6 +4233,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4352,6 +4355,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4443,6 +4447,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4517,6 +4522,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4570,6 +4576,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,

zellij-utils/src/snapshots/zellij_utils__setup__setup_test__layout_ui_config_overrides_config_ui_config.snap

@@ -1349,6 +1349,7 @@ Config {
                     command: None,
                     pane_name: None,
                     near_current_pane: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4190,6 +4191,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4231,6 +4233,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4352,6 +4355,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4443,6 +4447,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4517,6 +4522,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,
@@ -4570,6 +4576,7 @@ Config {
                     should_open_in_place: false,
                     close_replaced_pane: false,
                     skip_cache: false,
+                    tab_id: None,
                 },
                 SwitchToMode {
                     input_mode: Normal,