chore: use Bytes instead of string in bulk ingestion (#5717)

chore: use bytes instead of string in bulk log ingestion

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -3,3 +3,12 @@ linker = "aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc"
 
 [alias]
 sqlness = "run --bin sqlness-runner --"
+
+[unstable.git]
+shallow_index = true
+shallow_deps = true
+[unstable.gitoxide]
+fetch = true
+checkout = true
+list_files = true
+internal_use_git2 = false

.github/actions/build-dev-builder-images/action.yml

@@ -41,7 +41,14 @@ runs:
         username: ${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry-username }}
         password: ${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry-token }}
 
-    - name: Build and push dev-builder-ubuntu image
+    - name: Set up qemu for multi-platform builds
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      with:
+        platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+        # The latest version will lead to segmentation fault.
+        image: tonistiigi/binfmt:qemu-v7.0.0-28
+
+    - name: Build and push dev-builder-ubuntu image # Build image for amd64 and arm64 platform.
       shell: bash
       if: ${{ inputs.build-dev-builder-ubuntu == 'true' }}
       run: |
@@ -52,7 +59,7 @@ runs:
           IMAGE_NAMESPACE=${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-namespace }} \
           DEV_BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG=${{ inputs.version }}
 
-    - name: Build and push dev-builder-centos image
+    - name: Build and push dev-builder-centos image # Only build image for amd64 platform.
       shell: bash
       if: ${{ inputs.build-dev-builder-centos == 'true' }}
       run: |
@@ -69,8 +76,7 @@ runs:
       run: |
         make dev-builder \
           BASE_IMAGE=android \
+          BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD=amd64 \
           IMAGE_REGISTRY=${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry }} \
           IMAGE_NAMESPACE=${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-namespace }} \
-          DEV_BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG=${{ inputs.version }} && \
-
-        docker push ${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry }}/${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-namespace }}/dev-builder-android:${{ inputs.version }}
+          DEV_BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG=${{ inputs.version }}

.github/actions/build-greptime-images/action.yml

@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ inputs:
     required: true
   push-latest-tag:
     description: Whether to push the latest tag
-    required: false
-    default: 'true'
+    required: true
+    default: 'false'
 runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
@@ -47,7 +47,11 @@ runs:
         password: ${{ inputs.image-registry-password }}
 
     - name: Set up qemu for multi-platform builds
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      with:
+        platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+        # The latest version will lead to segmentation fault.
+        image: tonistiigi/binfmt:qemu-v7.0.0-28
 
     - name: Set up buildx
       uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2

.github/actions/build-images/action.yml

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ inputs:
     required: true
   push-latest-tag:
     description: Whether to push the latest tag
-    required: false
-    default: 'true'
+    required: true
+    default: 'false'
   dev-mode:
     description: Enable dev mode, only build standard greptime
     required: false

.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts/action.yml

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ runs:
       uses: ./.github/actions/build-greptime-binary
       with:
         base-image: ubuntu
-        features: servers/dashboard,pg_kvbackend
+        features: servers/dashboard,pg_kvbackend,mysql_kvbackend
         cargo-profile: ${{ inputs.cargo-profile }}
         artifacts-dir: greptime-linux-${{ inputs.arch }}-${{ inputs.version }}
         version: ${{ inputs.version }}
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ runs:
       if: ${{ inputs.arch == 'amd64' && inputs.dev-mode == 'false' }} # Builds greptime for centos if the host machine is amd64.
       with:
         base-image: centos
-        features: servers/dashboard,pg_kvbackend
+        features: servers/dashboard,pg_kvbackend,mysql_kvbackend
         cargo-profile: ${{ inputs.cargo-profile }}
         artifacts-dir: greptime-linux-${{ inputs.arch }}-centos-${{ inputs.version }}
         version: ${{ inputs.version }}

.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts/action.yaml

@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ inputs:
     required: true
   upload-to-s3:
     description: Upload to S3
-    required: false
-    default: 'true'
+    required: true
+    default: 'false'
   artifacts-dir:
     description: Directory to store artifacts
     required: false
@@ -77,13 +77,21 @@ runs:
       with:
         path: ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}
 
+    - name: Install s5cmd
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        wget https://github.com/peak/s5cmd/releases/download/v2.3.0/s5cmd_2.3.0_Linux-64bit.tar.gz
+        tar -xzf s5cmd_2.3.0_Linux-64bit.tar.gz
+        sudo mv s5cmd /usr/local/bin/
+        sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/s5cmd
+
     - name: Release artifacts to cn region
       uses: nick-invision/retry@v2
       if: ${{ inputs.upload-to-s3 == 'true' }}
       env:
         AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ inputs.aws-cn-access-key-id }}
         AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ inputs.aws-cn-secret-access-key }}
-        AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: ${{ inputs.aws-cn-region }}
+        AWS_REGION: ${{ inputs.aws-cn-region }}
         UPDATE_VERSION_INFO: ${{ inputs.update-version-info }}
       with:
         max_attempts: ${{ inputs.upload-max-retry-times }}

.github/actions/start-runner/action.yml

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Start EC2 runner
       if: startsWith(inputs.runner, 'ec2')
-      uses: machulav/ec2-github-runner@v2
+      uses: machulav/ec2-github-runner@v2.3.8
       id: start-linux-arm64-ec2-runner
       with:
         mode: start

.github/actions/stop-runner/action.yml

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Stop EC2 runner
       if: ${{ inputs.label && inputs.ec2-instance-id }}
-      uses: machulav/ec2-github-runner@v2
+      uses: machulav/ec2-github-runner@v2.3.8
       with:
         mode: stop
         label: ${{ inputs.label }}

.github/scripts/upload-artifacts-to-s3.sh

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ function upload_artifacts() {
   #    ├── greptime-darwin-amd64-v0.2.0.sha256sum
   #    └── greptime-darwin-amd64-v0.2.0.tar.gz
   find "$ARTIFACTS_DIR" -type f \( -name "*.tar.gz" -o -name "*.sha256sum" \) | while IFS= read -r file; do
-    aws s3 cp \
+    s5cmd cp \
       "$file" "s3://$AWS_S3_BUCKET/$RELEASE_DIRS/$VERSION/$(basename "$file")"
   done
 }
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ function update_version_info() {
     if [[ "$VERSION" =~ ^v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$ ]]; then
       echo "Updating latest-version.txt"
       echo "$VERSION" > latest-version.txt
-      aws s3 cp \
+      s5cmd cp \
         latest-version.txt "s3://$AWS_S3_BUCKET/$RELEASE_DIRS/latest-version.txt"
     fi
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ function update_version_info() {
     if [[ "$VERSION" == *"nightly"* ]]; then
       echo "Updating latest-nightly-version.txt"
       echo "$VERSION" > latest-nightly-version.txt
-      aws s3 cp \
+      s5cmd cp \
         latest-nightly-version.txt "s3://$AWS_S3_BUCKET/$RELEASE_DIRS/latest-nightly-version.txt"
     fi
   fi

.github/workflows/apidoc.yml

@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ name: Build API docs
 
 jobs:
   apidoc:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
     - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
       with:
         repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/dependency-check.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - name: Checkout code
       uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Set up Rust
       uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1

.github/workflows/dev-build.yml

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ on:
         description: The runner uses to build linux-amd64 artifacts
         default: ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64
         options:
-          - ubuntu-20.04
-          - ubuntu-20.04-8-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-16-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-32-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-64-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04
+          - ubuntu-22.04-8-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-16-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-32-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-64-cores
           - ec2-c6i.xlarge-amd64 # 4C8G
           - ec2-c6i.2xlarge-amd64 # 8C16G
           - ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64 # 16C32G
@@ -76,20 +76,14 @@ env:
 
   NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX: nightly
 
-  # Use the different image name to avoid conflict with the release images.
-  IMAGE_NAME: greptimedb-dev
-
   # The source code will check out in the following path: '${WORKING_DIR}/dev/greptime'.
   CHECKOUT_GREPTIMEDB_PATH: dev/greptimedb
 
-permissions:
-  issues: write
-
 jobs:
   allocate-runners:
     name: Allocate runners
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       linux-amd64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-amd64-runner.outputs.label }}
       linux-arm64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-arm64-runner.outputs.label }}
@@ -107,6 +101,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Create version
         id: create-version
@@ -161,6 +156,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Checkout greptimedb
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -168,6 +164,7 @@ jobs:
           repository: ${{ inputs.repository }}
           ref: ${{ inputs.commit }}
           path: ${{ env.CHECKOUT_GREPTIMEDB_PATH }}
+          persist-credentials: true
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
         with:
@@ -192,6 +189,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Checkout greptimedb
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -199,6 +197,7 @@ jobs:
           repository: ${{ inputs.repository }}
           ref: ${{ inputs.commit }}
           path: ${{ env.CHECKOUT_GREPTIMEDB_PATH }}
+          persist-credentials: true
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
         with:
@@ -219,25 +218,33 @@ jobs:
       build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
       build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       build-result: ${{ steps.set-build-result.outputs.build-result }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build and push images to dockerhub
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-images
         with:
           image-registry: docker.io
           image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          image-name: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+          image-name: ${{ vars.DEV_BUILD_IMAGE_NAME }}
           image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
           version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
           push-latest-tag: false # Don't push the latest tag to registry.
           dev-mode: true # Only build the standard images.
+          
+      - name: Echo Docker image tag to step summary
+        run: |
+          echo "## Docker Image Tag" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "Image Tag: \`${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "Full Image Name: \`docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/${{ vars.DEV_BUILD_IMAGE_NAME }}:${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "Pull Command: \`docker pull docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/${{ vars.DEV_BUILD_IMAGE_NAME }}:${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
 
       - name: Set build result
         id: set-build-result
@@ -251,19 +258,20 @@ jobs:
       allocate-runners,
       release-images-to-dockerhub,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     continue-on-error: true
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Release artifacts to CN region
         uses: ./.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts
         with:
           src-image-registry: docker.io
           src-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          src-image-name: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+          src-image-name: ${{ vars.DEV_BUILD_IMAGE_NAME }}
           dst-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
           dst-image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
           dst-image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
@@ -273,6 +281,7 @@ jobs:
           aws-cn-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
           aws-cn-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
           aws-cn-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
+          upload-to-s3: false
           dev-mode: true                     # Only build the standard images(exclude centos images).
           push-latest-tag: false             # Don't push the latest tag to registry.
           update-version-info: false         # Don't update the version info in S3.
@@ -281,7 +290,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Stop linux-amd64 runner
     # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
     if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [
       allocate-runners,
       build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
@@ -291,6 +300,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Stop EC2 runner
         uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -306,7 +316,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Stop linux-arm64 runner
     # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
     if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [
       allocate-runners,
       build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
@@ -316,6 +326,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Stop EC2 runner
         uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -333,11 +344,17 @@ jobs:
     needs: [
       release-images-to-dockerhub
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+
     env:
       SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Report CI status
         id: report-ci-status

.github/workflows/develop.yml

@@ -23,9 +23,11 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   check-typos-and-docs:
     name: Check typos and docs
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: crate-ci/typos@master
       - name: Check the config docs
         run: |
@@ -34,10 +36,12 @@ jobs:
           || (echo "'config/config.md' is not up-to-date, please run 'make config-docs'." && exit 1)
 
   license-header-check:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Check License Header
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: korandoru/hawkeye@v5
 
   check:
@@ -45,10 +49,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-20.04 ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-latest ]
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -66,10 +72,12 @@ jobs:
 
   toml:
     name: Toml Check
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
       - name: Install taplo
         run: cargo +stable install taplo-cli --version ^0.9 --locked --force
@@ -81,10 +89,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-20.04 ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-latest ]
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -101,7 +111,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build greptime binaries
         shell: bash
         # `cargo gc` will invoke `cargo build` with specified args
-        run: cargo gc -- --bin greptime --bin sqlness-runner --features pg_kvbackend
+        run: cargo gc -- --bin greptime --bin sqlness-runner --features "pg_kvbackend,mysql_kvbackend"
       - name: Pack greptime binaries
         shell: bash
         run: |
@@ -139,6 +149,8 @@ jobs:
           echo "Disk space after:"
           df -h
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -192,6 +204,8 @@ jobs:
           echo "Disk space after:"
           df -h
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -234,10 +248,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-20.04 ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-latest ]
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -254,7 +270,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build greptime bianry
         shell: bash
         # `cargo gc` will invoke `cargo build` with specified args
-        run: cargo gc --profile ci -- --bin greptime --features pg_kvbackend
+        run: cargo gc --profile ci -- --bin greptime --features "pg_kvbackend,mysql_kvbackend"
       - name: Pack greptime binary
         shell: bash
         run: |
@@ -295,6 +311,8 @@ jobs:
           echo "Disk space after:"
           df -h
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Setup Kind
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-kind
       - if: matrix.mode.minio
@@ -437,6 +455,8 @@ jobs:
           echo "Disk space after:"
           df -h
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Setup Kind
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-kind
       - name: Setup Chaos Mesh
@@ -548,7 +568,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-20.04 ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-latest ]
         mode:
           - name: "Basic"
             opts: ""
@@ -562,6 +582,8 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - if: matrix.mode.kafka
         name: Setup kafka server
         working-directory: tests-integration/fixtures
@@ -585,10 +607,12 @@ jobs:
 
   fmt:
     name: Rustfmt
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -600,10 +624,12 @@ jobs:
 
   clippy:
     name: Clippy
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -626,6 +652,8 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Merge Conflict Finder
         uses: olivernybroe/action-conflict-finder@v4.0
 
@@ -636,6 +664,8 @@ jobs:
     needs:  [conflict-check, clippy, fmt]
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -657,7 +687,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: tests-integration/fixtures
         run: docker compose up -d --wait
       - name: Run nextest cases
-        run: cargo nextest run --workspace -F dashboard -F pg_kvbackend
+        run: cargo nextest run --workspace -F dashboard -F pg_kvbackend -F mysql_kvbackend
         env:
           CARGO_BUILD_RUSTFLAGS: "-C link-arg=-fuse-ld=mold"
           RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
@@ -674,16 +704,19 @@ jobs:
           GT_MINIO_ENDPOINT_URL: http://127.0.0.1:9000
           GT_ETCD_ENDPOINTS: http://127.0.0.1:2379
           GT_POSTGRES_ENDPOINTS: postgres://greptimedb:admin@127.0.0.1:5432/postgres
+          GT_MYSQL_ENDPOINTS: mysql://greptimedb:admin@127.0.0.1:3306/mysql
           GT_KAFKA_ENDPOINTS: 127.0.0.1:9092
           GT_KAFKA_SASL_ENDPOINTS: 127.0.0.1:9093
           UNITTEST_LOG_DIR: "__unittest_logs"
 
   coverage:
     if: github.event_name == 'merge_group'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04-8-cores
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04-8-cores
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -707,7 +740,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: tests-integration/fixtures
         run: docker compose up -d --wait
       - name: Run nextest cases
-        run: cargo llvm-cov nextest --workspace --lcov --output-path lcov.info -F dashboard -F pg_kvbackend
+        run: cargo llvm-cov nextest --workspace --lcov --output-path lcov.info -F dashboard -F pg_kvbackend -F mysql_kvbackend
         env:
           CARGO_BUILD_RUSTFLAGS: "-C link-arg=-fuse-ld=mold"
           RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
@@ -723,6 +756,7 @@ jobs:
           GT_MINIO_ENDPOINT_URL: http://127.0.0.1:9000
           GT_ETCD_ENDPOINTS: http://127.0.0.1:2379
           GT_POSTGRES_ENDPOINTS: postgres://greptimedb:admin@127.0.0.1:5432/postgres
+          GT_MYSQL_ENDPOINTS: mysql://greptimedb:admin@127.0.0.1:3306/mysql
           GT_KAFKA_ENDPOINTS: 127.0.0.1:9092
           GT_KAFKA_SASL_ENDPOINTS: 127.0.0.1:9093
           UNITTEST_LOG_DIR: "__unittest_logs"
@@ -738,7 +772,7 @@ jobs:
   # compat:
   #   name: Compatibility Test
   #   needs: build
-  #   runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+  #   runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
   #   timeout-minutes: 60
   #   steps:
   #     - uses: actions/checkout@v4

.github/workflows/docbot.yml

@@ -3,16 +3,21 @@ on:
   pull_request_target:
     types: [opened, edited]
 
-permissions:
-  pull-requests: write
-  contents: read
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
   docbot:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      pull-requests: write
+      contents: read
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Maybe Follow Up Docs Issue
         working-directory: cyborg

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -31,43 +31,47 @@ name: CI
 jobs:
   typos:
     name: Spell Check with Typos
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: crate-ci/typos@master
 
   license-header-check:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Check License Header
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: korandoru/hawkeye@v5
 
   check:
     name: Check
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - run: 'echo "No action required"'
 
   fmt:
     name: Rustfmt
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - run: 'echo "No action required"'
 
   clippy:
     name: Clippy
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - run: 'echo "No action required"'
 
   coverage:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - run: 'echo "No action required"'
 
   test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - run: 'echo "No action required"'
 
@@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-20.04 ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-latest ]
         mode:
           - name: "Basic"
           - name: "Remote WAL"

.github/workflows/grafana.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+name: Check Grafana Panels
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    paths:
+      - 'grafana/**'  # Trigger only when files under the grafana/ directory change
+
+jobs:
+  check-panels:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      # Check out the repository
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      # Install jq (required for the script)
+      - name: Install jq
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y jq
+
+      # Make the check.sh script executable
+      - name: Make check.sh executable
+        run: chmod +x grafana/check.sh
+
+      # Run the check.sh script
+      - name: Run check.sh
+        run: ./grafana/check.sh
+
+      # Only run summary.sh for pull_request events (not for merge queues or final pushes)
+      - name: Check if this is a pull request
+        id: check-pr
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            echo "is_pull_request=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          else
+            echo "is_pull_request=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+
+      # Make the summary.sh script executable
+      - name: Make summary.sh executable
+        if: steps.check-pr.outputs.is_pull_request == 'true'
+        run: chmod +x grafana/summary.sh
+
+      # Run the summary.sh script and add its output to the GitHub Job Summary
+      - name: Run summary.sh and add to Job Summary
+        if: steps.check-pr.outputs.is_pull_request == 'true'
+        run: |
+          SUMMARY=$(./grafana/summary.sh)
+          echo "### Summary of Grafana Panels" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "$SUMMARY" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY

.github/workflows/nightly-build.yml

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ on:
         description: The runner uses to build linux-amd64 artifacts
         default: ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64
         options:
-          - ubuntu-20.04
-          - ubuntu-20.04-8-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-16-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-32-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-64-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04
+          - ubuntu-22.04-8-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-16-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-32-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-64-cores
           - ec2-c6i.xlarge-amd64 # 4C8G
           - ec2-c6i.2xlarge-amd64 # 8C16G
           - ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64 # 16C32G
@@ -66,18 +66,11 @@ env:
 
   NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX: nightly
 
-  # Use the different image name to avoid conflict with the release images.
-  # The DockerHub image will be greptime/greptimedb-nightly.
-  IMAGE_NAME: greptimedb-nightly
-
-permissions:
-  issues: write
-
 jobs:
   allocate-runners:
     name: Allocate runners
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       linux-amd64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-amd64-runner.outputs.label }}
       linux-arm64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-arm64-runner.outputs.label }}
@@ -95,6 +88,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Create version
         id: create-version
@@ -147,6 +141,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
         with:
@@ -168,6 +163,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
         with:
@@ -186,24 +182,25 @@ jobs:
       build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
       build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       nightly-build-result: ${{ steps.set-nightly-build-result.outputs.nightly-build-result }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build and push images to dockerhub
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-images
         with:
           image-registry: docker.io
           image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          image-name: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+          image-name: ${{ vars.NIGHTLY_BUILD_IMAGE_NAME }}
           image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
           version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
-          push-latest-tag: true
+          push-latest-tag: false
 
       - name: Set nightly build result
         id: set-nightly-build-result
@@ -217,7 +214,7 @@ jobs:
       allocate-runners,
       release-images-to-dockerhub,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     # When we push to ACR, it's easy to fail due to some unknown network issues.
     # However, we don't want to fail the whole workflow because of this.
     # The ACR have daily sync with DockerHub, so don't worry about the image not being updated.
@@ -226,13 +223,14 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Release artifacts to CN region
         uses: ./.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts
         with:
           src-image-registry: docker.io
           src-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          src-image-name: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+          src-image-name: ${{ vars.NIGHTLY_BUILD_IMAGE_NAME }}
           dst-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
           dst-image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
           dst-image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
@@ -242,15 +240,16 @@ jobs:
           aws-cn-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
           aws-cn-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
           aws-cn-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
+          upload-to-s3: false
           dev-mode: false
           update-version-info: false  # Don't update version info in S3.
-          push-latest-tag: true
+          push-latest-tag: false
 
   stop-linux-amd64-runner: # It's always run as the last job in the workflow to make sure that the runner is released.
     name: Stop linux-amd64 runner
     # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
     if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [
       allocate-runners,
       build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
@@ -260,6 +259,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Stop EC2 runner
         uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Stop linux-arm64 runner
     # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
     if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [
       allocate-runners,
       build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Stop EC2 runner
         uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -302,11 +303,15 @@ jobs:
     needs: [
       release-images-to-dockerhub
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
     env:
       SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Report CI status
         id: report-ci-status

.github/workflows/nightly-ci.yml

@@ -9,19 +9,17 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
-permissions:
-  issues: write
-
 jobs:
   sqlness-test:
     name: Run sqlness test
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Check install.sh
         run: ./.github/scripts/check-install-script.sh
@@ -46,9 +44,14 @@ jobs:
     name: Sqlness tests on Windows
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     runs-on: windows-2022-8-cores
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
@@ -76,6 +79,9 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - run: git config --global core.autocrlf false
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
         with:
@@ -111,9 +117,13 @@ jobs:
   cleanbuild-linux-nix:
     name: Run clean build on Linux
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v27
         with:
           nix_path: nixpkgs=channel:nixos-24.11
@@ -123,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Check status
     needs: [sqlness-test, sqlness-windows, test-on-windows]
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       check-result: ${{ steps.set-check-result.outputs.check-result }}
     steps:
@@ -136,11 +146,14 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' && always() }} # Not requiring successful dependent jobs, always run.
     name: Send notification to Greptime team
     needs: [check-status]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     env:
       SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Report CI status
         id: report-ci-status

.github/workflows/release-dev-builder-images.yaml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
   release-dev-builder-images:
     name: Release dev builder images
     if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image || inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image || inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }} # Only manually trigger this job.
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04-16-cores
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       version: ${{ steps.set-version.outputs.version }}
     steps:
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Configure build image version
         id: set-version
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
 
   release-dev-builder-images-ecr:
     name: Release dev builder images to AWS ECR
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [
       release-dev-builder-images
     ]
@@ -85,51 +86,69 @@ jobs:
       - name: Push dev-builder-ubuntu image
         shell: bash
         if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image }}
+        env:
+          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
+          ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
         run: |
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
-            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:$IMAGE_VERSION \
+            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:$IMAGE_VERSION
 
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:latest \
-            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:latest
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:latest \
+            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:latest
+
       - name: Push dev-builder-centos image
         shell: bash
         if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image }}
+        env:
+          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
+          ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
         run: |
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
-            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:$IMAGE_VERSION \
+            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:$IMAGE_VERSION
 
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:latest \
-            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:latest
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:latest \
+            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:latest
+
       - name: Push dev-builder-android image
         shell: bash
         if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }}
+        env:
+          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
+          ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
         run: |
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
-            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:$IMAGE_VERSION \
+            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:$IMAGE_VERSION
 
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:latest \
-            docker://${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:latest
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:latest \
+            docker://$ECR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$ECR_IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:latest
+
   release-dev-builder-images-cn: # Note: Be careful issue: https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues/1874 and we decide to use the latest stable skopeo container.
     name: Release dev builder images to CN region
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [
       release-dev-builder-images
     ]
@@ -144,29 +163,41 @@ jobs:
       - name: Push dev-builder-ubuntu image
         shell: bash
         if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image }}
+        env:
+          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
         run: |
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
-            docker://${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:$IMAGE_VERSION \
+            docker://$ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-ubuntu:$IMAGE_VERSION
 
       - name: Push dev-builder-centos image
         shell: bash
         if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image }}
+        env:
+          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
         run: |
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
-            docker://${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:$IMAGE_VERSION \
+            docker://$ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-centos:$IMAGE_VERSION
 
       - name: Push dev-builder-android image
         shell: bash
         if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }}
+        env:
+          IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
         run: |
           docker run -v "${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}:/root/.docker:ro" \
             -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/root/.docker/config.json" \
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
-            copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }} \
-            docker://${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
+            copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:$IMAGE_VERSION \
+            docker://$ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:$IMAGE_VERSION

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ on:
         description: The runner uses to build linux-amd64 artifacts
         default: ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64
         options:
-          - ubuntu-20.04
-          - ubuntu-20.04-8-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-16-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-32-cores
-          - ubuntu-20.04-64-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04
+          - ubuntu-22.04-8-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-16-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-32-cores
+          - ubuntu-22.04-64-cores
           - ec2-c6i.xlarge-amd64 # 4C8G
           - ec2-c6i.2xlarge-amd64 # 8C16G
           - ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64 # 16C32G
@@ -91,18 +91,13 @@ env:
   # The scheduled version is '${{ env.NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION }}-nightly-YYYYMMDD', like v0.2.0-nigthly-20230313;
   NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX: nightly
   # Note: The NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION should be modified manually by every formal release.
-  NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION: v0.12.0
-
-# Permission reference: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-jobs/assigning-permissions-to-jobs
-permissions:
-  issues: write # Allows the action to create issues for cyborg.
-  contents: write # Allows the action to create a release.
+  NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION: v0.13.0
 
 jobs:
   allocate-runners:
     name: Allocate runners
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       linux-amd64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-amd64-runner.outputs.label }}
       linux-arm64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-arm64-runner.outputs.label }}
@@ -122,6 +117,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Check Rust toolchain version
         shell: bash
@@ -181,6 +177,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
         with:
@@ -202,6 +199,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts
         with:
@@ -237,6 +235,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-macos-artifacts
         with:
@@ -276,6 +275,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/build-windows-artifacts
         with:
@@ -299,22 +299,25 @@ jobs:
       build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
       build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-2004-16-cores
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       build-image-result: ${{ steps.set-build-image-result.outputs.build-image-result }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build and push images to dockerhub
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-images
         with:
           image-registry: docker.io
           image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          image-name: ${{ vars.GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_NAME }}
           image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
           version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
+          push-latest-tag: true
 
       - name: Set build image result
         id: set-build-image-result
@@ -332,7 +335,7 @@ jobs:
       build-windows-artifacts,
       release-images-to-dockerhub,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     # When we push to ACR, it's easy to fail due to some unknown network issues.
     # However, we don't want to fail the whole workflow because of this.
     # The ACR have daily sync with DockerHub, so don't worry about the image not being updated.
@@ -341,13 +344,14 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Release artifacts to CN region
         uses: ./.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts
         with:
           src-image-registry: docker.io
           src-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          src-image-name: greptimedb
+          src-image-name: ${{ vars.GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_NAME }}
           dst-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
           dst-image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
           dst-image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
@@ -358,6 +362,7 @@ jobs:
           aws-cn-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
           aws-cn-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
           dev-mode: false
+          upload-to-s3: true
           update-version-info: true
           push-latest-tag: true
 
@@ -372,11 +377,12 @@ jobs:
       build-windows-artifacts,
       release-images-to-dockerhub,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Publish GitHub release
         uses: ./.github/actions/publish-github-release
@@ -390,7 +396,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Stop linux-amd64 runner
     # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
     if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [
       allocate-runners,
       build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
@@ -400,6 +406,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Stop EC2 runner
         uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -415,7 +422,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Stop linux-arm64 runner
     # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
     if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [
       allocate-runners,
       build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
@@ -425,6 +432,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Stop EC2 runner
         uses: ./.github/actions/stop-runner
@@ -440,9 +448,16 @@ jobs:
     name: Bump doc version
     if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
     needs: [allocate-runners]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # Permission reference: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-jobs/assigning-permissions-to-jobs
+    permissions:
+      issues: write # Allows the action to create issues for cyborg.
+      contents: write # Allows the action to create a release.
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Bump doc version
         working-directory: cyborg
@@ -460,11 +475,18 @@ jobs:
       build-macos-artifacts,
       build-windows-artifacts,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # Permission reference: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-jobs/assigning-permissions-to-jobs
+    permissions:
+      issues: write # Allows the action to create issues for cyborg.
+      contents: write # Allows the action to create a release.
     env:
       SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Report CI status
         id: report-ci-status

.github/workflows/schedule.yml

@@ -4,18 +4,20 @@ on:
     - cron: '4 2 * * *'
   workflow_dispatch:
 
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-  issues: write
-  pull-requests: write
 
 jobs:
   maintenance:
     name: Periodic Maintenance
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Do Maintenance
         working-directory: cyborg

.github/workflows/semantic-pull-request.yml

@@ -1,18 +1,24 @@
 name: "Semantic Pull Request"
 
 on:
-  pull_request_target:
+  pull_request:
     types:
       - opened
       - reopened
       - edited
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   check:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Check Pull Request
         working-directory: cyborg

AUTHOR.md

@@ -3,30 +3,28 @@
 ## Individual Committers (in alphabetical order)
 
 * [CookiePieWw](https://github.com/CookiePieWw)
-* [KKould](https://github.com/KKould)
-* [NiwakaDev](https://github.com/NiwakaDev)
 * [etolbakov](https://github.com/etolbakov)
 * [irenjj](https://github.com/irenjj)
-* [tisonkun](https://github.com/tisonkun)
+* [KKould](https://github.com/KKould)
 * [Lanqing Yang](https://github.com/lyang24)
+* [NiwakaDev](https://github.com/NiwakaDev)
+* [tisonkun](https://github.com/tisonkun)
+
 
 ## Team Members (in alphabetical order)
 
-* [Breeze-P](https://github.com/Breeze-P)
-* [GrepTime](https://github.com/GrepTime)
-* [MichaelScofield](https://github.com/MichaelScofield)
-* [Wenjie0329](https://github.com/Wenjie0329)
-* [WenyXu](https://github.com/WenyXu)
-* [ZonaHex](https://github.com/ZonaHex)
 * [apdong2022](https://github.com/apdong2022)
 * [beryl678](https://github.com/beryl678)
+* [Breeze-P](https://github.com/Breeze-P)
 * [daviderli614](https://github.com/daviderli614)
 * [discord9](https://github.com/discord9)
 * [evenyag](https://github.com/evenyag)
 * [fengjiachun](https://github.com/fengjiachun)
 * [fengys1996](https://github.com/fengys1996)
+* [GrepTime](https://github.com/GrepTime)
 * [holalengyu](https://github.com/holalengyu)
 * [killme2008](https://github.com/killme2008)
+* [MichaelScofield](https://github.com/MichaelScofield)
 * [nicecui](https://github.com/nicecui)
 * [paomian](https://github.com/paomian)
 * [shuiyisong](https://github.com/shuiyisong)
@@ -34,11 +32,14 @@
 * [sunng87](https://github.com/sunng87)
 * [v0y4g3r](https://github.com/v0y4g3r)
 * [waynexia](https://github.com/waynexia)
+* [Wenjie0329](https://github.com/Wenjie0329)
+* [WenyXu](https://github.com/WenyXu)
 * [xtang](https://github.com/xtang)
 * [zhaoyingnan01](https://github.com/zhaoyingnan01)
 * [zhongzc](https://github.com/zhongzc)
+* [ZonaHex](https://github.com/ZonaHex)
 * [zyy17](https://github.com/zyy17)
 
 ## All Contributors
 
-[![All Contributors](https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=GreptimeTeam/greptimedb)](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/graphs/contributors)
+To see the full list of contributors, please visit our [Contributors page](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/graphs/contributors)

Cargo.toml

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ members = [
 resolver = "2"
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.12.0"
+version = "0.13.0"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ rust.unknown_lints = "deny"
 rust.unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(tokio_unstable)'] }
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
+# DO_NOT_REMOVE_THIS: BEGIN_OF_EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCIES
 # We turn off default-features for some dependencies here so the workspaces which inherit them can
 # selectively turn them on if needed, since we can override default-features = true (from false)
 # for the inherited dependency but cannot do the reverse (override from true to false).
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ bitflags = "2.4.1"
 bytemuck = "1.12"
 bytes = { version = "1.7", features = ["serde"] }
 chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
+chrono-tz = "0.10.1"
 clap = { version = "4.4", features = ["derive"] }
 config = "0.13.0"
 crossbeam-utils = "0.8"
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ etcd-client = "0.14"
 fst = "0.4.7"
 futures = "0.3"
 futures-util = "0.3"
-greptime-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto.git", rev = "683e9d10ae7f3dfb8aaabd89082fc600c17e3795" }
+greptime-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto.git", rev = "c5419bbd20cb42e568ec325a4d71a3c94cc327e1" }
 hex = "0.4"
 http = "1"
 humantime = "2.1"
@@ -138,8 +140,8 @@ itertools = "0.10"
 jsonb = { git = "https://github.com/databendlabs/jsonb.git", rev = "8c8d2fc294a39f3ff08909d60f718639cfba3875", default-features = false }
 lazy_static = "1.4"
 local-ip-address = "0.6"
-loki-api = { git = "https://github.com/shuiyisong/tracing-loki", branch = "chore/prost_version" }
-meter-core = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git", rev = "a10facb353b41460eeb98578868ebf19c2084fac" }
+loki-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/loki-proto.git", rev = "1434ecf23a2654025d86188fb5205e7a74b225d3" }
+meter-core = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git", rev = "5618e779cf2bb4755b499c630fba4c35e91898cb" }
 mockall = "0.11.4"
 moka = "0.12"
 nalgebra = "0.33"
@@ -158,7 +160,7 @@ parquet = { version = "53.0.0", default-features = false, features = ["arrow", "
 paste = "1.0"
 pin-project = "1.0"
 prometheus = { version = "0.13.3", features = ["process"] }
-promql-parser = { version = "0.4.3", features = ["ser"] }
+promql-parser = { version = "0.5", features = ["ser"] }
 prost = "0.13"
 raft-engine = { version = "0.4.1", default-features = false }
 rand = "0.8"
@@ -186,6 +188,10 @@ shadow-rs = "0.38"
 similar-asserts = "1.6.0"
 smallvec = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 snafu = "0.8"
+sqlx = { version = "0.8", features = [
+    "runtime-tokio-rustls",
+    "mysql",
+] }
 sysinfo = "0.30"
 # on branch v0.52.x
 sqlparser = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/sqlparser-rs.git", rev = "71dd86058d2af97b9925093d40c4e03360403170", features = [
@@ -207,6 +213,7 @@ tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "json", "fmt"]
 typetag = "0.2"
 uuid = { version = "1.7", features = ["serde", "v4", "fast-rng"] }
 zstd = "0.13"
+# DO_NOT_REMOVE_THIS: END_OF_EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCIES
 
 ## workspaces members
 api = { path = "src/api" }
@@ -278,12 +285,10 @@ tokio-rustls = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/tokio-rustls", rev = "46
 # This is commented, since we are not using aws-lc-sys, if we need to use it, we need to uncomment this line or use a release after this commit, or it wouldn't compile with gcc < 8.1
 # see https://github.com/aws/aws-lc-rs/pull/526
 # aws-lc-sys = { git ="https://github.com/aws/aws-lc-rs", rev = "556558441e3494af4b156ae95ebc07ebc2fd38aa" }
-# Apply a fix for pprof for unaligned pointer access
-pprof = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/pprof-rs", rev = "1bd1e21" }
 
 [workspace.dependencies.meter-macros]
 git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git"
-rev = "a10facb353b41460eeb98578868ebf19c2084fac"
+rev = "5618e779cf2bb4755b499c630fba4c35e91898cb"
 
 [profile.release]
 debug = 1

Cross.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu]
+image = "ghcr.io/cross-rs/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu:0.2.5"
+
 [build]
 pre-build = [
     "dpkg --add-architecture $CROSS_DEB_ARCH",
@@ -5,3 +8,8 @@ pre-build = [
     "curl -LO https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v3.15.8/protoc-3.15.8-linux-x86_64.zip && unzip protoc-3.15.8-linux-x86_64.zip -d /usr/",
     "chmod a+x /usr/bin/protoc && chmod -R a+rx /usr/include/google",
 ]
+
+[build.env]
+passthrough = [
+    "JEMALLOC_SYS_WITH_LG_PAGE",
+]

Makefile

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ CARGO_BUILD_OPTS := --locked
 IMAGE_REGISTRY ?= docker.io
 IMAGE_NAMESPACE ?= greptime
 IMAGE_TAG ?= latest
-DEV_BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG ?= 2024-12-25-9d0fa5d5-20250124085746
+DEV_BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG ?= 2024-12-25-a71b93dd-20250305072908
 BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD ?= false
 BUILDX_BUILDER_NAME ?= gtbuilder
 BASE_IMAGE ?= ubuntu
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ ifeq ($(BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD), all)
 	BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD_OPTS := --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --push
 else ifeq ($(BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD), amd64)
 	BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD_OPTS := --platform linux/amd64 --push
+else ifeq ($(BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD), arm64)
+	BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD_OPTS := --platform linux/arm64 --push
 else
 	BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD_OPTS := -o type=docker
 endif

README.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
   <a href="https://greptime.com/product/cloud">GreptimeCloud</a> |
   <a href="https://docs.greptime.com/">User Guide</a> |
   <a href="https://greptimedb.rs/">API Docs</a> |
-  <a href="https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/issues/3412">Roadmap 2024</a>
+  <a href="https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/issues/5446">Roadmap 2025</a>
 </h4>
 
 <a href="https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/releases/latest">
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ docker run -p 127.0.0.1:4000-4003:4000-4003 \
   --name greptime --rm \
   greptime/greptimedb:latest standalone start \
   --http-addr 0.0.0.0:4000 \
-  --rpc-addr 0.0.0.0:4001 \
+  --rpc-bind-addr 0.0.0.0:4001 \
   --mysql-addr 0.0.0.0:4002 \
   --postgres-addr 0.0.0.0:4003
 ```

config/config.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 | `http.enable_cors` | Bool | `true` | HTTP CORS support, it's turned on by default<br/>This allows browser to access http APIs without CORS restrictions |
 | `http.cors_allowed_origins` | Array | Unset | Customize allowed origins for HTTP CORS. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
-| `grpc.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `grpc.tls` | -- | -- | gRPC server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
 | `grpc.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 | `mysql.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable. |
 | `mysql.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4002` | The addr to bind the MySQL server. |
 | `mysql.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
+| `mysql.keep_alive` | String | `0s` | Server-side keep-alive time.<br/>Set to 0 (default) to disable. |
 | `mysql.tls` | -- | -- | -- |
 | `mysql.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode, refer to https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html<br/>- `disable` (default value)<br/>- `prefer`<br/>- `require`<br/>- `verify-ca`<br/>- `verify-full` |
 | `mysql.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@
 | `postgres.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable |
 | `postgres.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4003` | The addr to bind the PostgresSQL server. |
 | `postgres.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
+| `postgres.keep_alive` | String | `0s` | Server-side keep-alive time.<br/>Set to 0 (default) to disable. |
 | `postgres.tls` | -- | -- | PostgresSQL server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
 | `postgres.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
 | `postgres.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -58,6 +60,8 @@
 | `opentsdb.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable OpenTSDB put in HTTP API. |
 | `influxdb` | -- | -- | InfluxDB protocol options. |
 | `influxdb.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable InfluxDB protocol in HTTP API. |
+| `jaeger` | -- | -- | Jaeger protocol options. |
+| `jaeger.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable Jaeger protocol in HTTP API. |
 | `prom_store` | -- | -- | Prometheus remote storage options |
 | `prom_store.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable Prometheus remote write and read in HTTP API. |
 | `prom_store.with_metric_engine` | Bool | `true` | Whether to store the data from Prometheus remote write in metric engine. |
@@ -65,8 +69,8 @@
 | `wal.provider` | String | `raft_engine` | The provider of the WAL.<br/>- `raft_engine`: the wal is stored in the local file system by raft-engine.<br/>- `kafka`: it's remote wal that data is stored in Kafka. |
 | `wal.dir` | String | Unset | The directory to store the WAL files.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.file_size` | String | `128MB` | The size of the WAL segment file.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
-| `wal.purge_threshold` | String | `1GB` | The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a flush.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
-| `wal.purge_interval` | String | `1m` | The interval to trigger a flush.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
+| `wal.purge_threshold` | String | `1GB` | The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a purge.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
+| `wal.purge_interval` | String | `1m` | The interval to trigger a purge.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.read_batch_size` | Integer | `128` | The read batch size.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.sync_write` | Bool | `false` | Whether to use sync write.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.enable_log_recycle` | Bool | `true` | Whether to reuse logically truncated log files.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
@@ -88,8 +92,9 @@
 | `wal.backoff_deadline` | String | `5mins` | The deadline of retries.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
 | `wal.overwrite_entry_start_id` | Bool | `false` | Ignore missing entries during read WAL.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.<br/><br/>This option ensures that when Kafka messages are deleted, the system<br/>can still successfully replay memtable data without throwing an<br/>out-of-range error.<br/>However, enabling this option might lead to unexpected data loss,<br/>as the system will skip over missing entries instead of treating<br/>them as critical errors. |
 | `metadata_store` | -- | -- | Metadata storage options. |
-| `metadata_store.file_size` | String | `256MB` | Kv file size in bytes. |
-| `metadata_store.purge_threshold` | String | `4GB` | Kv purge threshold. |
+| `metadata_store.file_size` | String | `64MB` | The size of the metadata store log file. |
+| `metadata_store.purge_threshold` | String | `256MB` | The threshold of the metadata store size to trigger a purge. |
+| `metadata_store.purge_interval` | String | `1m` | The interval of the metadata store to trigger a purge. |
 | `procedure` | -- | -- | Procedure storage options. |
 | `procedure.max_retry_times` | Integer | `3` | Procedure max retry time. |
 | `procedure.retry_delay` | String | `500ms` | Initial retry delay of procedures, increases exponentially |
@@ -147,6 +152,7 @@
 | `region_engine.mito.index` | -- | -- | The options for index in Mito engine. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.aux_path` | String | `""` | Auxiliary directory path for the index in filesystem, used to store intermediate files for<br/>creating the index and staging files for searching the index, defaults to `{data_home}/index_intermediate`.<br/>The default name for this directory is `index_intermediate` for backward compatibility.<br/><br/>This path contains two subdirectories:<br/>- `__intm`: for storing intermediate files used during creating index.<br/>- `staging`: for storing staging files used during searching index. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.staging_size` | String | `2GB` | The max capacity of the staging directory. |
+| `region_engine.mito.index.staging_ttl` | String | `7d` | The TTL of the staging directory.<br/>Defaults to 7 days.<br/>Setting it to "0s" to disable TTL. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.metadata_cache_size` | String | `64MiB` | Cache size for inverted index metadata. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.content_cache_size` | String | `128MiB` | Cache size for inverted index content. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.content_cache_page_size` | String | `64KiB` | Page size for inverted index content cache. |
@@ -221,8 +227,8 @@
 | `http.enable_cors` | Bool | `true` | HTTP CORS support, it's turned on by default<br/>This allows browser to access http APIs without CORS restrictions |
 | `http.cors_allowed_origins` | Array | Unset | Customize allowed origins for HTTP CORS. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
-| `grpc.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
-| `grpc.hostname` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The hostname advertised to the metasrv,<br/>and used for connections from outside the host |
+| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.<br/>If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface<br/>on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`. |
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `grpc.tls` | -- | -- | gRPC server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
 | `grpc.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
@@ -233,6 +239,7 @@
 | `mysql.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable. |
 | `mysql.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4002` | The addr to bind the MySQL server. |
 | `mysql.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
+| `mysql.keep_alive` | String | `0s` | Server-side keep-alive time.<br/>Set to 0 (default) to disable. |
 | `mysql.tls` | -- | -- | -- |
 | `mysql.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode, refer to https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html<br/>- `disable` (default value)<br/>- `prefer`<br/>- `require`<br/>- `verify-ca`<br/>- `verify-full` |
 | `mysql.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -242,6 +249,7 @@
 | `postgres.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable |
 | `postgres.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4003` | The addr to bind the PostgresSQL server. |
 | `postgres.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
+| `postgres.keep_alive` | String | `0s` | Server-side keep-alive time.<br/>Set to 0 (default) to disable. |
 | `postgres.tls` | -- | -- | PostgresSQL server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
 | `postgres.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
 | `postgres.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -251,6 +259,8 @@
 | `opentsdb.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable OpenTSDB put in HTTP API. |
 | `influxdb` | -- | -- | InfluxDB protocol options. |
 | `influxdb.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable InfluxDB protocol in HTTP API. |
+| `jaeger` | -- | -- | Jaeger protocol options. |
+| `jaeger.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable Jaeger protocol in HTTP API. |
 | `prom_store` | -- | -- | Prometheus remote storage options |
 | `prom_store.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable Prometheus remote write and read in HTTP API. |
 | `prom_store.with_metric_engine` | Bool | `true` | Whether to store the data from Prometheus remote write in metric engine. |
@@ -300,7 +310,7 @@
 | --- | -----| ------- | ----------- |
 | `data_home` | String | `/tmp/metasrv/` | The working home directory. |
 | `bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The bind address of metasrv. |
-| `server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The communication server address for frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv,  "127.0.0.1:3002" by default for localhost. |
+| `server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The communication server address for the frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv.<br/>If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface<br/>on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `bind_addr`. |
 | `store_addrs` | Array | -- | Store server address default to etcd store.<br/>For postgres store, the format is:<br/>"password=password dbname=postgres user=postgres host=localhost port=5432"<br/>For etcd store, the format is:<br/>"127.0.0.1:2379" |
 | `store_key_prefix` | String | `""` | If it's not empty, the metasrv will store all data with this key prefix. |
 | `backend` | String | `etcd_store` | The datastore for meta server.<br/>Available values:<br/>- `etcd_store` (default value)<br/>- `memory_store`<br/>- `postgres_store` |
@@ -309,6 +319,7 @@
 | `selector` | String | `round_robin` | Datanode selector type.<br/>- `round_robin` (default value)<br/>- `lease_based`<br/>- `load_based`<br/>For details, please see "https://docs.greptime.com/developer-guide/metasrv/selector". |
 | `use_memory_store` | Bool | `false` | Store data in memory. |
 | `enable_region_failover` | Bool | `false` | Whether to enable region failover.<br/>This feature is only available on GreptimeDB running on cluster mode and<br/>- Using Remote WAL<br/>- Using shared storage (e.g., s3). |
+| `node_max_idle_time` | String | `24hours` | Max allowed idle time before removing node info from metasrv memory. |
 | `enable_telemetry` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable greptimedb telemetry. Enabled by default. |
 | `runtime` | -- | -- | The runtime options. |
 | `runtime.global_rt_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of threads to execute the runtime for global read operations. |
@@ -376,19 +387,14 @@
 | `init_regions_in_background` | Bool | `false` | Initialize all regions in the background during the startup.<br/>By default, it provides services after all regions have been initialized. |
 | `init_regions_parallelism` | Integer | `16` | Parallelism of initializing regions. |
 | `max_concurrent_queries` | Integer | `0` | The maximum current queries allowed to be executed. Zero means unlimited. |
-| `rpc_addr` | String | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.addr` instead. |
-| `rpc_hostname` | String | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.hostname` instead. |
-| `rpc_runtime_size` | Integer | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.runtime_size` instead. |
-| `rpc_max_recv_message_size` | String | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.rpc_max_recv_message_size` instead. |
-| `rpc_max_send_message_size` | String | Unset | Deprecated, use `grpc.rpc_max_send_message_size` instead. |
 | `enable_telemetry` | Bool | `true` | Enable telemetry to collect anonymous usage data. Enabled by default. |
 | `http` | -- | -- | The HTTP server options. |
 | `http.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4000` | The address to bind the HTTP server. |
 | `http.timeout` | String | `30s` | HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout. |
 | `http.body_limit` | String | `64MB` | HTTP request body limit.<br/>The following units are supported: `B`, `KB`, `KiB`, `MB`, `MiB`, `GB`, `GiB`, `TB`, `TiB`, `PB`, `PiB`.<br/>Set to 0 to disable limit. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
-| `grpc.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
-| `grpc.hostname` | String | `127.0.0.1:3001` | The hostname advertised to the metasrv,<br/>and used for connections from outside the host |
+| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3001` | The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.<br/>If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface<br/>on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`. |
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `grpc.max_recv_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum receive message size for gRPC server. |
 | `grpc.max_send_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum send message size for gRPC server. |
@@ -487,6 +493,7 @@
 | `region_engine.mito.index` | -- | -- | The options for index in Mito engine. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.aux_path` | String | `""` | Auxiliary directory path for the index in filesystem, used to store intermediate files for<br/>creating the index and staging files for searching the index, defaults to `{data_home}/index_intermediate`.<br/>The default name for this directory is `index_intermediate` for backward compatibility.<br/><br/>This path contains two subdirectories:<br/>- `__intm`: for storing intermediate files used during creating index.<br/>- `staging`: for storing staging files used during searching index. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.staging_size` | String | `2GB` | The max capacity of the staging directory. |
+| `region_engine.mito.index.staging_ttl` | String | `7d` | The TTL of the staging directory.<br/>Defaults to 7 days.<br/>Setting it to "0s" to disable TTL. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.metadata_cache_size` | String | `64MiB` | Cache size for inverted index metadata. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.content_cache_size` | String | `128MiB` | Cache size for inverted index content. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.content_cache_page_size` | String | `64KiB` | Page size for inverted index content cache. |
@@ -549,8 +556,8 @@
 | `flow` | -- | -- | flow engine options. |
 | `flow.num_workers` | Integer | `0` | The number of flow worker in flownode.<br/>Not setting(or set to 0) this value will use the number of CPU cores divided by 2. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
-| `grpc.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:6800` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
-| `grpc.hostname` | String | `127.0.0.1` | The hostname advertised to the metasrv,<br/>and used for connections from outside the host |
+| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:6800` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:6800` | The address advertised to the metasrv,<br/>and used for connections from outside the host |
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `grpc.max_recv_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum receive message size for gRPC server. |
 | `grpc.max_send_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum send message size for gRPC server. |

config/datanode.example.toml

@@ -19,26 +19,6 @@ init_regions_parallelism = 16
 ## The maximum current queries allowed to be executed. Zero means unlimited.
 max_concurrent_queries = 0
 
-## Deprecated, use `grpc.addr` instead.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-rpc_addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
-
-## Deprecated, use `grpc.hostname` instead.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-rpc_hostname = "127.0.0.1"
-
-## Deprecated, use `grpc.runtime_size` instead.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-rpc_runtime_size = 8
-
-## Deprecated, use `grpc.rpc_max_recv_message_size` instead.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-rpc_max_recv_message_size = "512MB"
-
-## Deprecated, use `grpc.rpc_max_send_message_size` instead.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-rpc_max_send_message_size = "512MB"
-
 ## Enable telemetry to collect anonymous usage data. Enabled by default.
 #+ enable_telemetry = true
 
@@ -56,10 +36,11 @@ body_limit = "64MB"
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
 ## The address to bind the gRPC server.
-addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
-## The hostname advertised to the metasrv,
-## and used for connections from outside the host
-hostname = "127.0.0.1:3001"
+bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
+## The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
+## If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+## on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`.
+server_addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 8
 ## The maximum receive message size for gRPC server.
@@ -250,6 +231,7 @@ overwrite_entry_start_id = false
 # secret_access_key = "123456"
 # endpoint = "https://s3.amazonaws.com"
 # region = "us-west-2"
+# enable_virtual_host_style = false
 
 # Example of using Oss as the storage.
 # [storage]
@@ -516,6 +498,11 @@ aux_path = ""
 ## The max capacity of the staging directory.
 staging_size = "2GB"
 
+## The TTL of the staging directory.
+## Defaults to 7 days.
+## Setting it to "0s" to disable TTL.
+staging_ttl = "7d"
+
 ## Cache size for inverted index metadata.
 metadata_cache_size = "64MiB"
 

config/flownode.example.toml

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ node_id = 14
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
 ## The address to bind the gRPC server.
-addr = "127.0.0.1:6800"
-## The hostname advertised to the metasrv,
+bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:6800"
+## The address advertised to the metasrv,
 ## and used for connections from outside the host
-hostname = "127.0.0.1"
+server_addr = "127.0.0.1:6800"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
 ## The maximum receive message size for gRPC server.

config/frontend.example.toml

@@ -41,10 +41,11 @@ cors_allowed_origins = ["https://example.com"]
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
 ## The address to bind the gRPC server.
-addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
-## The hostname advertised to the metasrv,
-## and used for connections from outside the host
-hostname = "127.0.0.1:4001"
+bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
+## The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
+## If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+## on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`.
+server_addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 8
 
@@ -73,6 +74,9 @@ enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4002"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
+## Server-side keep-alive time.
+## Set to 0 (default) to disable.
+keep_alive = "0s"
 
 # MySQL server TLS options.
 [mysql.tls]
@@ -104,6 +108,9 @@ enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4003"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
+## Server-side keep-alive time.
+## Set to 0 (default) to disable.
+keep_alive = "0s"
 
 ## PostgresSQL server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section.
 [postgres.tls]
@@ -131,6 +138,11 @@ enable = true
 ## Whether to enable InfluxDB protocol in HTTP API.
 enable = true
 
+## Jaeger protocol options.
+[jaeger]
+## Whether to enable Jaeger protocol in HTTP API.
+enable = true
+
 ## Prometheus remote storage options
 [prom_store]
 ## Whether to enable Prometheus remote write and read in HTTP API.

config/metasrv.example.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ data_home = "/tmp/metasrv/"
 ## The bind address of metasrv.
 bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:3002"
 
-## The communication server address for frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv,  "127.0.0.1:3002" by default for localhost.
+## The communication server address for the frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv.
+## If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+## on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `bind_addr`.
 server_addr = "127.0.0.1:3002"
 
 ## Store server address default to etcd store.
@@ -48,6 +50,9 @@ use_memory_store = false
 ## - Using shared storage (e.g., s3).
 enable_region_failover = false
 
+## Max allowed idle time before removing node info from metasrv memory.
+node_max_idle_time = "24hours"
+
 ## Whether to enable greptimedb telemetry. Enabled by default.
 #+ enable_telemetry = true
 

config/standalone.example.toml

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ cors_allowed_origins = ["https://example.com"]
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
 ## The address to bind the gRPC server.
-addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
+bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 8
 
@@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4002"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
+## Server-side keep-alive time.
+## Set to 0 (default) to disable.
+keep_alive = "0s"
 
 # MySQL server TLS options.
 [mysql.tls]
@@ -109,6 +112,9 @@ enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4003"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 2
+## Server-side keep-alive time.
+## Set to 0 (default) to disable.
+keep_alive = "0s"
 
 ## PostgresSQL server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section.
 [postgres.tls]
@@ -136,6 +142,11 @@ enable = true
 ## Whether to enable InfluxDB protocol in HTTP API.
 enable = true
 
+## Jaeger protocol options.
+[jaeger]
+## Whether to enable Jaeger protocol in HTTP API.
+enable = true
+
 ## Prometheus remote storage options
 [prom_store]
 ## Whether to enable Prometheus remote write and read in HTTP API.
@@ -159,11 +170,11 @@ dir = "/tmp/greptimedb/wal"
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
 file_size = "128MB"
 
-## The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a flush.
+## The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a purge.
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
 purge_threshold = "1GB"
 
-## The interval to trigger a flush.
+## The interval to trigger a purge.
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
 purge_interval = "1m"
 
@@ -278,10 +289,12 @@ overwrite_entry_start_id = false
 
 ## Metadata storage options.
 [metadata_store]
-## Kv file size in bytes.
-file_size = "256MB"
-## Kv purge threshold.
-purge_threshold = "4GB"
+## The size of the metadata store log file.
+file_size = "64MB"
+## The threshold of the metadata store size to trigger a purge.
+purge_threshold = "256MB"
+## The interval of the metadata store to trigger a purge.
+purge_interval = "1m"
 
 ## Procedure storage options.
 [procedure]
@@ -305,6 +318,7 @@ retry_delay = "500ms"
 # secret_access_key = "123456"
 # endpoint = "https://s3.amazonaws.com"
 # region = "us-west-2"
+# enable_virtual_host_style = false
 
 # Example of using Oss as the storage.
 # [storage]
@@ -571,6 +585,11 @@ aux_path = ""
 ## The max capacity of the staging directory.
 staging_size = "2GB"
 
+## The TTL of the staging directory.
+## Defaults to 7 days.
+## Setting it to "0s" to disable TTL.
+staging_ttl = "7d"
+
 ## Cache size for inverted index metadata.
 metadata_cache_size = "64MiB"
 

docker/buildx/ubuntu/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM ubuntu:20.04 as builder
+FROM ubuntu:22.04 as builder
 
 ARG CARGO_PROFILE
 ARG FEATURES

docker/ci/ubuntu/Dockerfile.fuzztests

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM ubuntu:22.04
+FROM ubuntu:latest
 
 # The binary name of GreptimeDB executable.
 # Defaults to "greptime", but sometimes in other projects it might be different.

docker/dev-builder/ubuntu/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM ubuntu:20.04
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
 
 # The root path under which contains all the dependencies to build this Dockerfile.
 ARG DOCKER_BUILD_ROOT=.
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ RUN mv protoc3/include/* /usr/local/include/
 # and the repositories are pulled from trusted sources (still us, of course). Doing so does not violate the intention
 # of the Git's addition to the "safe.directory" at the first place (see the commit message here:
 # https://github.com/git/git/commit/8959555cee7ec045958f9b6dd62e541affb7e7d9).
-# There's also another solution to this, that we add the desired submodules to the safe directory, instead of using 
+# There's also another solution to this, that we add the desired submodules to the safe directory, instead of using
 # wildcard here. However, that requires the git's config files and the submodules all owned by the very same user.
 # It's troublesome to do this since the dev build runs in Docker, which is under user "root"; while outside the Docker,
 # it can be a different user that have prepared the submodules.

docker/dev-builder/ubuntu/Dockerfile-18.10

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-# Use the legacy glibc 2.28.
-FROM ubuntu:18.10
-
-ENV LANG en_US.utf8
-WORKDIR /greptimedb
-
-# Use old-releases.ubuntu.com to avoid 404s: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EOLUpgrades.
-RUN echo "deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ cosmic main restricted universe multiverse\n\
-deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ cosmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse\n\
-deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ cosmic-security main restricted universe multiverse" > /etc/apt/sources.list
-
-# Install dependencies.
-RUN apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y \
-    libssl-dev \
-    tzdata \
-    curl \
-    ca-certificates \
-    git \
-    build-essential \
-    unzip \
-    pkg-config
-
-# Install protoc.
-ENV PROTOC_VERSION=29.3
-RUN if [ "$(uname -m)" = "x86_64" ]; then \
-        PROTOC_ZIP=protoc-${PROTOC_VERSION}-linux-x86_64.zip; \
-    elif [ "$(uname -m)" = "aarch64" ]; then \
-        PROTOC_ZIP=protoc-${PROTOC_VERSION}-linux-aarch_64.zip; \
-    else \
-        echo "Unsupported architecture"; exit 1; \
-    fi && \
-    curl -OL https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v${PROTOC_VERSION}/${PROTOC_ZIP} && \
-    unzip -o ${PROTOC_ZIP} -d /usr/local bin/protoc && \
-    unzip -o ${PROTOC_ZIP} -d /usr/local 'include/*' && \
-    rm -f ${PROTOC_ZIP}
-
-# Install Rust.
-SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]
-RUN curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- --no-modify-path --default-toolchain none -y
-ENV PATH /root/.cargo/bin/:$PATH
-
-# Install Rust toolchains.
-ARG RUST_TOOLCHAIN
-RUN rustup toolchain install ${RUST_TOOLCHAIN}
-
-# Install cargo-binstall with a specific version to adapt the current rust toolchain.
-# Note: if we use the latest version, we may encounter the following `use of unstable library feature 'io_error_downcast'` error.
-RUN cargo install cargo-binstall --version 1.6.6 --locked
-
-# Install nextest.
-RUN cargo binstall cargo-nextest --no-confirm

docker/dev-builder/ubuntu/Dockerfile-20.04

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+FROM ubuntu:20.04
+
+# The root path under which contains all the dependencies to build this Dockerfile.
+ARG DOCKER_BUILD_ROOT=.
+
+ENV LANG en_US.utf8
+WORKDIR /greptimedb
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y software-properties-common
+# Install dependencies.
+RUN apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y \
+    libssl-dev \
+    tzdata \
+    curl \
+    unzip \
+    ca-certificates \
+    git \
+    build-essential \
+    pkg-config
+
+ARG TARGETPLATFORM
+RUN echo "target platform: $TARGETPLATFORM"
+
+ARG PROTOBUF_VERSION=29.3
+
+# Install protobuf, because the one in the apt is too old (v3.12).
+RUN if [ "$TARGETPLATFORM" = "linux/arm64" ]; then \
+    curl -OL https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v${PROTOBUF_VERSION}/protoc-${PROTOBUF_VERSION}-linux-aarch_64.zip && \
+    unzip protoc-${PROTOBUF_VERSION}-linux-aarch_64.zip -d protoc3; \
+elif [ "$TARGETPLATFORM" = "linux/amd64" ]; then \
+    curl -OL https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v${PROTOBUF_VERSION}/protoc-${PROTOBUF_VERSION}-linux-x86_64.zip && \
+    unzip protoc-${PROTOBUF_VERSION}-linux-x86_64.zip -d protoc3; \
+fi
+RUN mv protoc3/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
+RUN mv protoc3/include/* /usr/local/include/
+
+# Silence all `safe.directory` warnings, to avoid the "detect dubious repository" error when building with submodules.
+# Disabling the safe directory check here won't pose extra security issues, because in our usage for this dev build
+# image, we use it solely on our own environment (that github action's VM, or ECS created dynamically by ourselves),
+# and the repositories are pulled from trusted sources (still us, of course). Doing so does not violate the intention
+# of the Git's addition to the "safe.directory" at the first place (see the commit message here:
+# https://github.com/git/git/commit/8959555cee7ec045958f9b6dd62e541affb7e7d9).
+# There's also another solution to this, that we add the desired submodules to the safe directory, instead of using 
+# wildcard here. However, that requires the git's config files and the submodules all owned by the very same user.
+# It's troublesome to do this since the dev build runs in Docker, which is under user "root"; while outside the Docker,
+# it can be a different user that have prepared the submodules.
+RUN git config --global --add safe.directory '*'
+
+# Install Rust.
+SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]
+RUN curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- --no-modify-path --default-toolchain none -y
+ENV PATH /root/.cargo/bin/:$PATH
+
+# Install Rust toolchains.
+ARG RUST_TOOLCHAIN
+RUN rustup toolchain install ${RUST_TOOLCHAIN}
+
+# Install cargo-binstall with a specific version to adapt the current rust toolchain.
+# Note: if we use the latest version, we may encounter the following `use of unstable library feature 'io_error_downcast'` error.
+# compile from source take too long, so we use the precompiled binary instead
+COPY $DOCKER_BUILD_ROOT/docker/dev-builder/binstall/pull_binstall.sh /usr/local/bin/pull_binstall.sh
+RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/pull_binstall.sh && /usr/local/bin/pull_binstall.sh
+
+# Install nextest.
+RUN cargo binstall cargo-nextest --no-confirm

docker/docker-compose/cluster-with-etcd.yaml

@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ services:
     command:
       - metasrv
       - start
-      - --bind-addr=0.0.0.0:3002
-      - --server-addr=metasrv:3002
+      - --rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:3002
+      - --rpc-server-addr=metasrv:3002
       - --store-addrs=etcd0:2379
       - --http-addr=0.0.0.0:3000
     healthcheck:
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ services:
       - datanode
       - start
       - --node-id=0
-      - --rpc-addr=0.0.0.0:3001
-      - --rpc-hostname=datanode0:3001
+      - --rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:3001
+      - --rpc-server-addr=datanode0:3001
       - --metasrv-addrs=metasrv:3002
       - --http-addr=0.0.0.0:5000
     volumes:
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ services:
       - start
       - --metasrv-addrs=metasrv:3002
       - --http-addr=0.0.0.0:4000
-      - --rpc-addr=0.0.0.0:4001
+      - --rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:4001
       - --mysql-addr=0.0.0.0:4002
       - --postgres-addr=0.0.0.0:4003
     healthcheck:
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ services:
       - start
       - --node-id=0
       - --metasrv-addrs=metasrv:3002
-      - --rpc-addr=0.0.0.0:4004
-      - --rpc-hostname=flownode0:4004
+      - --rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:4004
+      - --rpc-server-addr=flownode0:4004
       - --http-addr=0.0.0.0:4005
     depends_on:
       frontend0:

docs/benchmarks/tsbs/v0.12.0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# TSBS benchmark - v0.12.0
+
+## Environment
+
+### Amazon EC2
+
+|         |                         |
+|---------|-------------------------|
+| Machine | c5d.2xlarge             |
+| CPU     | 8 core                  |
+| Memory  | 16GB                    |
+| Disk    | 100GB (GP3)             |
+| OS      | Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS |
+
+## Write performance
+
+| Environment     | Ingest rate (rows/s) |
+|-----------------|----------------------|
+| EC2 c5d.2xlarge | 326839.28            |
+
+## Query performance
+
+| Query type            | EC2 c5d.2xlarge (ms) |
+|-----------------------|----------------------|
+| cpu-max-all-1         | 12.46                |
+| cpu-max-all-8         | 24.20                |
+| double-groupby-1      | 673.08               |
+| double-groupby-5      | 963.99               |
+| double-groupby-all    | 1330.05              |
+| groupby-orderby-limit | 952.46               |
+| high-cpu-1            | 5.08                 |
+| high-cpu-all          | 4638.57              |
+| lastpoint             | 591.02               |
+| single-groupby-1-1-1  | 4.06                 |
+| single-groupby-1-1-12 | 4.73                 |
+| single-groupby-1-8-1  | 8.23                 |
+| single-groupby-5-1-1  | 4.61                 |
+| single-groupby-5-1-12 | 5.61                 |
+| single-groupby-5-8-1  | 9.74                 |
+

docs/how-to/how-to-profile-memory.md

@@ -4,6 +4,16 @@ This crate provides an easy approach to dump memory profiling info.
 
 ## Prerequisites
 ### jemalloc
+jeprof is already compiled in the target directory of GreptimeDB. You can find the binary and use it.
+```
+# find jeprof binary
+find . -name 'jeprof'
+# add executable permission
+chmod +x <path_to_jeprof>
+```
+The path is usually under `./target/${PROFILE}/build/tikv-jemalloc-sys-${HASH}/out/build/bin/jeprof`.
+The default version of jemalloc installed from the package manager may not have the `--collapsed` option.
+You may need to check the whether the `jeprof` version is >= `5.3.0` if you want to install it from the package manager.
 ```bash
 # for macOS
 brew install jemalloc
@@ -23,7 +33,11 @@ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph/master/flamegraph
 Start GreptimeDB instance with environment variables:
 
 ```bash
+# for Linux
 MALLOC_CONF=prof:true ./target/debug/greptime standalone start
+
+# for macOS
+_RJEM_MALLOC_CONF=prof:true ./target/debug/greptime standalone start
 ```
 
 Dump memory profiling data through HTTP API:

grafana/check.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+BASEDIR=$(dirname "$0")
+
+# Use jq to check for panels with empty or missing descriptions
+invalid_panels=$(cat $BASEDIR/greptimedb-cluster.json | jq -r '
+  .panels[]
+  | select((.type == "stats" or .type == "timeseries") and (.description == "" or .description == null))
+')
+
+# Check if any invalid panels were found
+if [[ -n "$invalid_panels" ]]; then
+  echo "Error: The following panels have empty or missing descriptions:"
+  echo "$invalid_panels"
+  exit 1
+else
+  echo "All panels with type 'stats' or 'timeseries' have valid descriptions."
+  exit 0
+fi

grafana/greptimedb.json

@@ -384,8 +384,8 @@
         "rowHeight": 0.9,
         "showValue": "auto",
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "none",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -483,8 +483,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "pluginVersion": "10.2.3",
@@ -578,8 +578,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "pluginVersion": "10.2.3",
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@
       "type": "timeseries"
     },
     {
-      "collapsed": true,
+      "collapsed": false,
       "gridPos": {
         "h": 1,
         "w": 24,
@@ -684,8 +684,8 @@
               "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "single",
-              "sort": "none"
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
           "targets": [
@@ -878,8 +878,8 @@
               "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "single",
-              "sort": "none"
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
           "targets": [
@@ -1124,8 +1124,8 @@
               "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "single",
-              "sort": "none"
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
           "targets": [
@@ -1223,8 +1223,8 @@
               "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "single",
-              "sort": "none"
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
           "targets": [
@@ -1322,8 +1322,8 @@
               "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "single",
-              "sort": "none"
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
           "targets": [
@@ -1456,8 +1456,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -1573,8 +1573,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -1673,8 +1673,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -1773,8 +1773,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -1890,8 +1890,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2002,8 +2002,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2120,8 +2120,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2233,8 +2233,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2334,8 +2334,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2435,8 +2435,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2548,8 +2548,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2661,8 +2661,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2788,8 +2788,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2889,8 +2889,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -2990,8 +2990,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3091,8 +3091,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3191,8 +3191,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3302,8 +3302,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3432,8 +3432,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3543,8 +3543,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3657,8 +3657,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3808,8 +3808,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -3909,8 +3909,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -4011,8 +4011,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [
@@ -4113,8 +4113,8 @@
           "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
       "targets": [

grafana/summary.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+BASEDIR=$(dirname "$0")
+echo '| Title | Description | Expressions |
+|---|---|---|'
+
+cat $BASEDIR/greptimedb-cluster.json | jq -r '
+  .panels |
+  map(select(.type == "stat" or .type == "timeseries")) |
+  .[] | "| \(.title) | \(.description | gsub("\n"; "<br>")) | \(.targets | map(.expr // .rawSql | "`\(.|gsub("\n"; "<br>"))`")  | join("<br>")) |"
+'

src/api/Cargo.toml

@@ -15,13 +15,10 @@ common-macro.workspace = true
 common-time.workspace = true
 datatypes.workspace = true
 greptime-proto.workspace = true
-paste = "1.0"
+paste.workspace = true
 prost.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
 snafu.workspace = true
 
 [build-dependencies]
 tonic-build = "0.11"
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-paste = "1.0"

src/api/src/helper.rs

@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@ use common_decimal::decimal128::{DECIMAL128_DEFAULT_SCALE, DECIMAL128_MAX_PRECIS
 use common_decimal::Decimal128;
 use common_time::time::Time;
 use common_time::timestamp::TimeUnit;
-use common_time::{
-    Date, DateTime, IntervalDayTime, IntervalMonthDayNano, IntervalYearMonth, Timestamp,
-};
+use common_time::{Date, IntervalDayTime, IntervalMonthDayNano, IntervalYearMonth, Timestamp};
 use datatypes::prelude::{ConcreteDataType, ValueRef};
 use datatypes::scalars::ScalarVector;
 use datatypes::types::{
@@ -29,8 +27,8 @@ use datatypes::types::{
 };
 use datatypes::value::{OrderedF32, OrderedF64, Value};
 use datatypes::vectors::{
-    BinaryVector, BooleanVector, DateTimeVector, DateVector, Decimal128Vector, Float32Vector,
-    Float64Vector, Int32Vector, Int64Vector, IntervalDayTimeVector, IntervalMonthDayNanoVector,
+    BinaryVector, BooleanVector, DateVector, Decimal128Vector, Float32Vector, Float64Vector,
+    Int32Vector, Int64Vector, IntervalDayTimeVector, IntervalMonthDayNanoVector,
     IntervalYearMonthVector, PrimitiveVector, StringVector, TimeMicrosecondVector,
     TimeMillisecondVector, TimeNanosecondVector, TimeSecondVector, TimestampMicrosecondVector,
     TimestampMillisecondVector, TimestampNanosecondVector, TimestampSecondVector, UInt32Vector,
@@ -118,7 +116,7 @@ impl From<ColumnDataTypeWrapper> for ConcreteDataType {
             ColumnDataType::Json => ConcreteDataType::json_datatype(),
             ColumnDataType::String => ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(),
             ColumnDataType::Date => ConcreteDataType::date_datatype(),
-            ColumnDataType::Datetime => ConcreteDataType::datetime_datatype(),
+            ColumnDataType::Datetime => ConcreteDataType::timestamp_microsecond_datatype(),
             ColumnDataType::TimestampSecond => ConcreteDataType::timestamp_second_datatype(),
             ColumnDataType::TimestampMillisecond => {
                 ConcreteDataType::timestamp_millisecond_datatype()
@@ -271,7 +269,6 @@ impl TryFrom<ConcreteDataType> for ColumnDataTypeWrapper {
             ConcreteDataType::Binary(_) => ColumnDataType::Binary,
             ConcreteDataType::String(_) => ColumnDataType::String,
             ConcreteDataType::Date(_) => ColumnDataType::Date,
-            ConcreteDataType::DateTime(_) => ColumnDataType::Datetime,
             ConcreteDataType::Timestamp(t) => match t {
                 TimestampType::Second(_) => ColumnDataType::TimestampSecond,
                 TimestampType::Millisecond(_) => ColumnDataType::TimestampMillisecond,
@@ -476,7 +473,6 @@ pub fn push_vals(column: &mut Column, origin_count: usize, vector: VectorRef) {
         Value::String(val) => values.string_values.push(val.as_utf8().to_string()),
         Value::Binary(val) => values.binary_values.push(val.to_vec()),
         Value::Date(val) => values.date_values.push(val.val()),
-        Value::DateTime(val) => values.datetime_values.push(val.val()),
         Value::Timestamp(val) => match val.unit() {
             TimeUnit::Second => values.timestamp_second_values.push(val.value()),
             TimeUnit::Millisecond => values.timestamp_millisecond_values.push(val.value()),
@@ -577,12 +573,11 @@ pub fn pb_value_to_value_ref<'a>(
         ValueData::BinaryValue(bytes) => ValueRef::Binary(bytes.as_slice()),
         ValueData::StringValue(string) => ValueRef::String(string.as_str()),
         ValueData::DateValue(d) => ValueRef::Date(Date::from(*d)),
-        ValueData::DatetimeValue(d) => ValueRef::DateTime(DateTime::new(*d)),
         ValueData::TimestampSecondValue(t) => ValueRef::Timestamp(Timestamp::new_second(*t)),
         ValueData::TimestampMillisecondValue(t) => {
             ValueRef::Timestamp(Timestamp::new_millisecond(*t))
         }
-        ValueData::TimestampMicrosecondValue(t) => {
+        ValueData::DatetimeValue(t) | ValueData::TimestampMicrosecondValue(t) => {
             ValueRef::Timestamp(Timestamp::new_microsecond(*t))
         }
         ValueData::TimestampNanosecondValue(t) => {
@@ -651,7 +646,6 @@ pub fn pb_values_to_vector_ref(data_type: &ConcreteDataType, values: Values) ->
         ConcreteDataType::Binary(_) => Arc::new(BinaryVector::from(values.binary_values)),
         ConcreteDataType::String(_) => Arc::new(StringVector::from_vec(values.string_values)),
         ConcreteDataType::Date(_) => Arc::new(DateVector::from_vec(values.date_values)),
-        ConcreteDataType::DateTime(_) => Arc::new(DateTimeVector::from_vec(values.datetime_values)),
         ConcreteDataType::Timestamp(unit) => match unit {
             TimestampType::Second(_) => Arc::new(TimestampSecondVector::from_vec(
                 values.timestamp_second_values,
@@ -787,11 +781,6 @@ pub fn pb_values_to_values(data_type: &ConcreteDataType, values: Values) -> Vec<
             .into_iter()
             .map(|val| val.into())
             .collect(),
-        ConcreteDataType::DateTime(_) => values
-            .datetime_values
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|v| Value::DateTime(v.into()))
-            .collect(),
         ConcreteDataType::Date(_) => values
             .date_values
             .into_iter()
@@ -947,9 +936,6 @@ pub fn to_proto_value(value: Value) -> Option<v1::Value> {
         Value::Date(v) => v1::Value {
             value_data: Some(ValueData::DateValue(v.val())),
         },
-        Value::DateTime(v) => v1::Value {
-            value_data: Some(ValueData::DatetimeValue(v.val())),
-        },
         Value::Timestamp(v) => match v.unit() {
             TimeUnit::Second => v1::Value {
                 value_data: Some(ValueData::TimestampSecondValue(v.value())),
@@ -1066,7 +1052,6 @@ pub fn value_to_grpc_value(value: Value) -> GrpcValue {
             Value::String(v) => Some(ValueData::StringValue(v.as_utf8().to_string())),
             Value::Binary(v) => Some(ValueData::BinaryValue(v.to_vec())),
             Value::Date(v) => Some(ValueData::DateValue(v.val())),
-            Value::DateTime(v) => Some(ValueData::DatetimeValue(v.val())),
             Value::Timestamp(v) => Some(match v.unit() {
                 TimeUnit::Second => ValueData::TimestampSecondValue(v.value()),
                 TimeUnit::Millisecond => ValueData::TimestampMillisecondValue(v.value()),
@@ -1248,7 +1233,7 @@ mod tests {
             ColumnDataTypeWrapper::date_datatype().into()
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            ConcreteDataType::datetime_datatype(),
+            ConcreteDataType::timestamp_microsecond_datatype(),
             ColumnDataTypeWrapper::datetime_datatype().into()
         );
         assert_eq!(
@@ -1339,10 +1324,6 @@ mod tests {
             ColumnDataTypeWrapper::date_datatype(),
             ConcreteDataType::date_datatype().try_into().unwrap()
         );
-        assert_eq!(
-            ColumnDataTypeWrapper::datetime_datatype(),
-            ConcreteDataType::datetime_datatype().try_into().unwrap()
-        );
         assert_eq!(
             ColumnDataTypeWrapper::timestamp_millisecond_datatype(),
             ConcreteDataType::timestamp_millisecond_datatype()
@@ -1830,17 +1811,6 @@ mod tests {
         ]
     );
 
-    test_convert_values!(
-        datetime,
-        vec![1.into(), 2.into(), 3.into()],
-        datetime,
-        vec![
-            Value::DateTime(1.into()),
-            Value::DateTime(2.into()),
-            Value::DateTime(3.into())
-        ]
-    );
-
     #[test]
     fn test_vectors_to_rows_for_different_types() {
         let boolean_vec = BooleanVector::from_vec(vec![true, false, true]);

src/api/src/v1/column_def.rs

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use datatypes::schema::{
-    ColumnDefaultConstraint, ColumnSchema, FulltextAnalyzer, FulltextOptions, COMMENT_KEY,
-    FULLTEXT_KEY, INVERTED_INDEX_KEY, SKIPPING_INDEX_KEY,
+    ColumnDefaultConstraint, ColumnSchema, FulltextAnalyzer, FulltextOptions, SkippingIndexOptions,
+    SkippingIndexType, COMMENT_KEY, FULLTEXT_KEY, INVERTED_INDEX_KEY, SKIPPING_INDEX_KEY,
 };
-use greptime_proto::v1::Analyzer;
+use greptime_proto::v1::{Analyzer, SkippingIndexType as PbSkippingIndexType};
 use snafu::ResultExt;
 
 use crate::error::{self, Result};
@@ -103,6 +103,13 @@ pub fn contains_fulltext(options: &Option<ColumnOptions>) -> bool {
         .is_some_and(|o| o.options.contains_key(FULLTEXT_GRPC_KEY))
 }
 
+/// Checks if the `ColumnOptions` contains skipping index options.
+pub fn contains_skipping(options: &Option<ColumnOptions>) -> bool {
+    options
+        .as_ref()
+        .is_some_and(|o| o.options.contains_key(SKIPPING_INDEX_GRPC_KEY))
+}
+
 /// Tries to construct a `ColumnOptions` from the given `FulltextOptions`.
 pub fn options_from_fulltext(fulltext: &FulltextOptions) -> Result<Option<ColumnOptions>> {
     let mut options = ColumnOptions::default();
@@ -113,6 +120,27 @@ pub fn options_from_fulltext(fulltext: &FulltextOptions) -> Result<Option<Column
     Ok((!options.options.is_empty()).then_some(options))
 }
 
+/// Tries to construct a `ColumnOptions` from the given `SkippingIndexOptions`.
+pub fn options_from_skipping(skipping: &SkippingIndexOptions) -> Result<Option<ColumnOptions>> {
+    let mut options = ColumnOptions::default();
+
+    let v = serde_json::to_string(skipping).context(error::SerializeJsonSnafu)?;
+    options
+        .options
+        .insert(SKIPPING_INDEX_GRPC_KEY.to_string(), v);
+
+    Ok((!options.options.is_empty()).then_some(options))
+}
+
+/// Tries to construct a `ColumnOptions` for inverted index.
+pub fn options_from_inverted() -> ColumnOptions {
+    let mut options = ColumnOptions::default();
+    options
+        .options
+        .insert(INVERTED_INDEX_GRPC_KEY.to_string(), "true".to_string());
+    options
+}
+
 /// Tries to construct a `FulltextAnalyzer` from the given analyzer.
 pub fn as_fulltext_option(analyzer: Analyzer) -> FulltextAnalyzer {
     match analyzer {
@@ -121,6 +149,13 @@ pub fn as_fulltext_option(analyzer: Analyzer) -> FulltextAnalyzer {
     }
 }
 
+/// Tries to construct a `SkippingIndexType` from the given skipping index type.
+pub fn as_skipping_index_type(skipping_index_type: PbSkippingIndexType) -> SkippingIndexType {
+    match skipping_index_type {
+        PbSkippingIndexType::BloomFilter => SkippingIndexType::BloomFilter,
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 

src/catalog/Cargo.toml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ api.workspace = true
 arrow.workspace = true
 arrow-schema.workspace = true
 async-stream.workspace = true
-async-trait = "0.1"
+async-trait.workspace = true
 bytes.workspace = true
 common-catalog.workspace = true
 common-error.workspace = true
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ common-version.workspace = true
 dashmap.workspace = true
 datafusion.workspace = true
 datatypes.workspace = true
-futures = "0.3"
+futures.workspace = true
 futures-util.workspace = true
 humantime.workspace = true
 itertools.workspace = true
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ lazy_static.workspace = true
 meta-client.workspace = true
 moka = { workspace = true, features = ["future", "sync"] }
 partition.workspace = true
-paste = "1.0"
+paste.workspace = true
 prometheus.workspace = true
 rustc-hash.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ sql.workspace = true
 store-api.workspace = true
 table.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true
-tokio-stream = "0.1"
+tokio-stream.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 cache.workspace = true

src/catalog/src/kvbackend/manager.rs

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ use partition::manager::{PartitionRuleManager, PartitionRuleManagerRef};
 use session::context::{Channel, QueryContext};
 use snafu::prelude::*;
 use table::dist_table::DistTable;
+use table::metadata::TableId;
 use table::table::numbers::{NumbersTable, NUMBERS_TABLE_NAME};
 use table::table_name::TableName;
 use table::TableRef;
@@ -286,6 +287,28 @@ impl CatalogManager for KvBackendCatalogManager {
         return Ok(None);
     }
 
+    async fn tables_by_ids(
+        &self,
+        catalog: &str,
+        schema: &str,
+        table_ids: &[TableId],
+    ) -> Result<Vec<TableRef>> {
+        let table_info_values = self
+            .table_metadata_manager
+            .table_info_manager()
+            .batch_get(table_ids)
+            .await
+            .context(TableMetadataManagerSnafu)?;
+
+        let tables = table_info_values
+            .into_values()
+            .filter(|t| t.table_info.catalog_name == catalog && t.table_info.schema_name == schema)
+            .map(build_table)
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+
+        Ok(tables)
+    }
+
     fn tables<'a>(
         &'a self,
         catalog: &'a str,

src/catalog/src/lib.rs

@@ -87,6 +87,14 @@ pub trait CatalogManager: Send + Sync {
         query_ctx: Option<&QueryContext>,
     ) -> Result<Option<TableRef>>;
 
+    /// Returns the tables by table ids.
+    async fn tables_by_ids(
+        &self,
+        catalog: &str,
+        schema: &str,
+        table_ids: &[TableId],
+    ) -> Result<Vec<TableRef>>;
+
     /// Returns all tables with a stream by catalog and schema.
     fn tables<'a>(
         &'a self,

src/catalog/src/memory/manager.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::any::Any;
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock, Weak};
 
 use async_stream::{stream, try_stream};
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ use common_meta::kv_backend::memory::MemoryKvBackend;
 use futures_util::stream::BoxStream;
 use session::context::QueryContext;
 use snafu::OptionExt;
+use table::metadata::TableId;
 use table::TableRef;
 
 use crate::error::{CatalogNotFoundSnafu, Result, SchemaNotFoundSnafu, TableExistsSnafu};
@@ -143,6 +144,33 @@ impl CatalogManager for MemoryCatalogManager {
         Ok(result)
     }
 
+    async fn tables_by_ids(
+        &self,
+        catalog: &str,
+        schema: &str,
+        table_ids: &[TableId],
+    ) -> Result<Vec<TableRef>> {
+        let catalogs = self.catalogs.read().unwrap();
+
+        let schemas = catalogs.get(catalog).context(CatalogNotFoundSnafu {
+            catalog_name: catalog,
+        })?;
+
+        let tables = schemas
+            .get(schema)
+            .context(SchemaNotFoundSnafu { catalog, schema })?;
+
+        let filter_ids: HashSet<_> = table_ids.iter().collect();
+        // It is very inefficient, but we do not need to optimize it since it will not be called in `MemoryCatalogManager`.
+        let tables = tables
+            .values()
+            .filter(|t| filter_ids.contains(&t.table_info().table_id()))
+            .cloned()
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        Ok(tables)
+    }
+
     fn tables<'a>(
         &'a self,
         catalog: &'a str,

src/catalog/src/system_schema.rs

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ trait SystemSchemaProviderInner {
     fn system_table(&self, name: &str) -> Option<SystemTableRef>;
 
     fn table_info(catalog_name: String, table: &SystemTableRef) -> TableInfoRef {
-        let table_meta = TableMetaBuilder::default()
+        let table_meta = TableMetaBuilder::empty()
             .schema(table.schema())
             .primary_key_indices(vec![])
             .next_column_id(0)

src/catalog/src/system_schema/information_schema/columns.rs

@@ -365,10 +365,6 @@ impl InformationSchemaColumnsBuilder {
             self.numeric_scales.push(None);
 
             match &column_schema.data_type {
-                ConcreteDataType::DateTime(datetime_type) => {
-                    self.datetime_precisions
-                        .push(Some(datetime_type.precision() as i64));
-                }
                 ConcreteDataType::Timestamp(ts_type) => {
                     self.datetime_precisions
                         .push(Some(ts_type.precision() as i64));

src/catalog/src/system_schema/information_schema/flows.rs

@@ -28,16 +28,19 @@ use datafusion::physical_plan::streaming::PartitionStream as DfPartitionStream;
 use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType as CDT;
 use datatypes::scalars::ScalarVectorBuilder;
 use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, Schema, SchemaRef};
+use datatypes::timestamp::TimestampMillisecond;
 use datatypes::value::Value;
 use datatypes::vectors::{
-    Int64VectorBuilder, StringVectorBuilder, UInt32VectorBuilder, UInt64VectorBuilder, VectorRef,
+    Int64VectorBuilder, StringVectorBuilder, TimestampMillisecondVectorBuilder,
+    UInt32VectorBuilder, UInt64VectorBuilder, VectorRef,
 };
 use futures::TryStreamExt;
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
 use store_api::storage::{ScanRequest, TableId};
 
 use crate::error::{
-    CreateRecordBatchSnafu, FlowInfoNotFoundSnafu, InternalSnafu, JsonSnafu, ListFlowsSnafu, Result,
+    CreateRecordBatchSnafu, FlowInfoNotFoundSnafu, InternalSnafu, JsonSnafu, ListFlowsSnafu,
+    Result, UpgradeWeakCatalogManagerRefSnafu,
 };
 use crate::information_schema::{Predicates, FLOWS};
 use crate::system_schema::information_schema::InformationTable;
@@ -59,6 +62,10 @@ pub const SOURCE_TABLE_IDS: &str = "source_table_ids";
 pub const SINK_TABLE_NAME: &str = "sink_table_name";
 pub const FLOWNODE_IDS: &str = "flownode_ids";
 pub const OPTIONS: &str = "options";
+pub const CREATED_TIME: &str = "created_time";
+pub const UPDATED_TIME: &str = "updated_time";
+pub const LAST_EXECUTION_TIME: &str = "last_execution_time";
+pub const SOURCE_TABLE_NAMES: &str = "source_table_names";
 
 /// The `information_schema.flows` to provides information about flows in databases.
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -99,6 +106,14 @@ impl InformationSchemaFlows {
                 (SINK_TABLE_NAME, CDT::string_datatype(), false),
                 (FLOWNODE_IDS, CDT::string_datatype(), true),
                 (OPTIONS, CDT::string_datatype(), true),
+                (CREATED_TIME, CDT::timestamp_millisecond_datatype(), false),
+                (UPDATED_TIME, CDT::timestamp_millisecond_datatype(), false),
+                (
+                    LAST_EXECUTION_TIME,
+                    CDT::timestamp_millisecond_datatype(),
+                    true,
+                ),
+                (SOURCE_TABLE_NAMES, CDT::string_datatype(), true),
             ]
             .into_iter()
             .map(|(name, ty, nullable)| ColumnSchema::new(name, ty, nullable))
@@ -170,6 +185,10 @@ struct InformationSchemaFlowsBuilder {
     sink_table_names: StringVectorBuilder,
     flownode_id_groups: StringVectorBuilder,
     option_groups: StringVectorBuilder,
+    created_time: TimestampMillisecondVectorBuilder,
+    updated_time: TimestampMillisecondVectorBuilder,
+    last_execution_time: TimestampMillisecondVectorBuilder,
+    source_table_names: StringVectorBuilder,
 }
 
 impl InformationSchemaFlowsBuilder {
@@ -196,6 +215,10 @@ impl InformationSchemaFlowsBuilder {
             sink_table_names: StringVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
             flownode_id_groups: StringVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
             option_groups: StringVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
+            created_time: TimestampMillisecondVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
+            updated_time: TimestampMillisecondVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
+            last_execution_time: TimestampMillisecondVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
+            source_table_names: StringVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
         }
     }
 
@@ -235,13 +258,14 @@ impl InformationSchemaFlowsBuilder {
                     catalog_name: catalog_name.to_string(),
                     flow_name: flow_name.to_string(),
                 })?;
-            self.add_flow(&predicates, flow_id.flow_id(), flow_info, &flow_stat)?;
+            self.add_flow(&predicates, flow_id.flow_id(), flow_info, &flow_stat)
+                .await?;
         }
 
         self.finish()
     }
 
-    fn add_flow(
+    async fn add_flow(
         &mut self,
         predicates: &Predicates,
         flow_id: FlowId,
@@ -290,6 +314,36 @@ impl InformationSchemaFlowsBuilder {
                     input: format!("{:?}", flow_info.options()),
                 },
             )?));
+        self.created_time
+            .push(Some(flow_info.created_time().timestamp_millis().into()));
+        self.updated_time
+            .push(Some(flow_info.updated_time().timestamp_millis().into()));
+        self.last_execution_time
+            .push(flow_stat.as_ref().and_then(|state| {
+                state
+                    .last_exec_time_map
+                    .get(&flow_id)
+                    .map(|v| TimestampMillisecond::new(*v))
+            }));
+
+        let mut source_table_names = vec![];
+        let catalog_name = self.catalog_name.clone();
+        let catalog_manager = self
+            .catalog_manager
+            .upgrade()
+            .context(UpgradeWeakCatalogManagerRefSnafu)?;
+        for schema_name in catalog_manager.schema_names(&catalog_name, None).await? {
+            source_table_names.extend(
+                catalog_manager
+                    .tables_by_ids(&catalog_name, &schema_name, flow_info.source_table_ids())
+                    .await?
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|table| table.table_info().full_table_name()),
+            );
+        }
+
+        let source_table_names = source_table_names.join(",");
+        self.source_table_names.push(Some(&source_table_names));
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -307,6 +361,10 @@ impl InformationSchemaFlowsBuilder {
             Arc::new(self.sink_table_names.finish()),
             Arc::new(self.flownode_id_groups.finish()),
             Arc::new(self.option_groups.finish()),
+            Arc::new(self.created_time.finish()),
+            Arc::new(self.updated_time.finish()),
+            Arc::new(self.last_execution_time.finish()),
+            Arc::new(self.source_table_names.finish()),
         ];
         RecordBatch::new(self.schema.clone(), columns).context(CreateRecordBatchSnafu)
     }

src/catalog/src/system_schema/information_schema/information_memory_table.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use datatypes::vectors::{Int64Vector, StringVector, VectorRef};
 
 use super::table_names::*;
 use crate::system_schema::utils::tables::{
-    bigint_column, datetime_column, string_column, string_columns,
+    bigint_column, string_column, string_columns, timestamp_micro_column,
 };
 
 const NO_VALUE: &str = "NO";
@@ -163,17 +163,17 @@ pub(super) fn get_schema_columns(table_name: &str) -> (SchemaRef, Vec<VectorRef>
                 string_column("EVENT_BODY"),
                 string_column("EVENT_DEFINITION"),
                 string_column("EVENT_TYPE"),
-                datetime_column("EXECUTE_AT"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("EXECUTE_AT"),
                 bigint_column("INTERVAL_VALUE"),
                 string_column("INTERVAL_FIELD"),
                 string_column("SQL_MODE"),
-                datetime_column("STARTS"),
-                datetime_column("ENDS"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("STARTS"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("ENDS"),
                 string_column("STATUS"),
                 string_column("ON_COMPLETION"),
-                datetime_column("CREATED"),
-                datetime_column("LAST_ALTERED"),
-                datetime_column("LAST_EXECUTED"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("CREATED"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("LAST_ALTERED"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("LAST_EXECUTED"),
                 string_column("EVENT_COMMENT"),
                 bigint_column("ORIGINATOR"),
                 string_column("CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT"),
@@ -204,10 +204,10 @@ pub(super) fn get_schema_columns(table_name: &str) -> (SchemaRef, Vec<VectorRef>
                 bigint_column("INITIAL_SIZE"),
                 bigint_column("MAXIMUM_SIZE"),
                 bigint_column("AUTOEXTEND_SIZE"),
-                datetime_column("CREATION_TIME"),
-                datetime_column("LAST_UPDATE_TIME"),
-                datetime_column("LAST_ACCESS_TIME"),
-                datetime_column("RECOVER_TIME"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("CREATION_TIME"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("LAST_UPDATE_TIME"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("LAST_ACCESS_TIME"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("RECOVER_TIME"),
                 bigint_column("TRANSACTION_COUNTER"),
                 string_column("VERSION"),
                 string_column("ROW_FORMAT"),
@@ -217,9 +217,9 @@ pub(super) fn get_schema_columns(table_name: &str) -> (SchemaRef, Vec<VectorRef>
                 bigint_column("MAX_DATA_LENGTH"),
                 bigint_column("INDEX_LENGTH"),
                 bigint_column("DATA_FREE"),
-                datetime_column("CREATE_TIME"),
-                datetime_column("UPDATE_TIME"),
-                datetime_column("CHECK_TIME"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("CREATE_TIME"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("UPDATE_TIME"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("CHECK_TIME"),
                 string_column("CHECKSUM"),
                 string_column("STATUS"),
                 string_column("EXTRA"),
@@ -330,8 +330,8 @@ pub(super) fn get_schema_columns(table_name: &str) -> (SchemaRef, Vec<VectorRef>
                 string_column("SQL_DATA_ACCESS"),
                 string_column("SQL_PATH"),
                 string_column("SECURITY_TYPE"),
-                datetime_column("CREATED"),
-                datetime_column("LAST_ALTERED"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("CREATED"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("LAST_ALTERED"),
                 string_column("SQL_MODE"),
                 string_column("ROUTINE_COMMENT"),
                 string_column("DEFINER"),
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ pub(super) fn get_schema_columns(table_name: &str) -> (SchemaRef, Vec<VectorRef>
                 string_column("ACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_TABLE"),
                 string_column("ACTION_REFERENCE_OLD_ROW"),
                 string_column("ACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_ROW"),
-                datetime_column("CREATED"),
+                timestamp_micro_column("CREATED"),
                 string_column("SQL_MODE"),
                 string_column("DEFINER"),
                 string_column("CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT"),

src/catalog/src/system_schema/information_schema/key_column_usage.rs

@@ -228,12 +228,6 @@ impl InformationSchemaKeyColumnUsageBuilder {
                 let keys = &table_info.meta.primary_key_indices;
                 let schema = table.schema();
 
-                // For compatibility, use primary key columns as inverted index columns.
-                let pk_as_inverted_index = !schema
-                    .column_schemas()
-                    .iter()
-                    .any(|c| c.has_inverted_index_key());
-
                 for (idx, column) in schema.column_schemas().iter().enumerate() {
                     let mut constraints = vec![];
                     if column.is_time_index() {
@@ -251,10 +245,6 @@ impl InformationSchemaKeyColumnUsageBuilder {
                     // TODO(dimbtp): foreign key constraint not supported yet
                     if keys.contains(&idx) {
                         constraints.push(PRI_CONSTRAINT_NAME);
-
-                        if pk_as_inverted_index {
-                            constraints.push(INVERTED_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NAME);
-                        }
                     }
                     if column.is_inverted_indexed() {
                         constraints.push(INVERTED_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NAME);

src/catalog/src/system_schema/information_schema/partitions.rs

@@ -20,17 +20,18 @@ use common_catalog::consts::INFORMATION_SCHEMA_PARTITIONS_TABLE_ID;
 use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
 use common_recordbatch::adapter::RecordBatchStreamAdapter;
 use common_recordbatch::{RecordBatch, SendableRecordBatchStream};
-use common_time::datetime::DateTime;
 use datafusion::execution::TaskContext;
 use datafusion::physical_plan::stream::RecordBatchStreamAdapter as DfRecordBatchStreamAdapter;
 use datafusion::physical_plan::streaming::PartitionStream as DfPartitionStream;
 use datafusion::physical_plan::SendableRecordBatchStream as DfSendableRecordBatchStream;
 use datatypes::prelude::{ConcreteDataType, ScalarVectorBuilder, VectorRef};
 use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, Schema, SchemaRef};
+use datatypes::timestamp::TimestampMicrosecond;
 use datatypes::value::Value;
 use datatypes::vectors::{
-    ConstantVector, DateTimeVector, DateTimeVectorBuilder, Int64Vector, Int64VectorBuilder,
-    MutableVector, StringVector, StringVectorBuilder, UInt64VectorBuilder,
+    ConstantVector, Int64Vector, Int64VectorBuilder, MutableVector, StringVector,
+    StringVectorBuilder, TimestampMicrosecondVector, TimestampMicrosecondVectorBuilder,
+    UInt64VectorBuilder,
 };
 use futures::{StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
 use partition::manager::PartitionInfo;
@@ -127,9 +128,21 @@ impl InformationSchemaPartitions {
             ColumnSchema::new("max_data_length", ConcreteDataType::int64_datatype(), true),
             ColumnSchema::new("index_length", ConcreteDataType::int64_datatype(), true),
             ColumnSchema::new("data_free", ConcreteDataType::int64_datatype(), true),
-            ColumnSchema::new("create_time", ConcreteDataType::datetime_datatype(), true),
-            ColumnSchema::new("update_time", ConcreteDataType::datetime_datatype(), true),
-            ColumnSchema::new("check_time", ConcreteDataType::datetime_datatype(), true),
+            ColumnSchema::new(
+                "create_time",
+                ConcreteDataType::timestamp_microsecond_datatype(),
+                true,
+            ),
+            ColumnSchema::new(
+                "update_time",
+                ConcreteDataType::timestamp_microsecond_datatype(),
+                true,
+            ),
+            ColumnSchema::new(
+                "check_time",
+                ConcreteDataType::timestamp_microsecond_datatype(),
+                true,
+            ),
             ColumnSchema::new("checksum", ConcreteDataType::int64_datatype(), true),
             ColumnSchema::new(
                 "partition_comment",
@@ -200,7 +213,7 @@ struct InformationSchemaPartitionsBuilder {
     partition_names: StringVectorBuilder,
     partition_ordinal_positions: Int64VectorBuilder,
     partition_expressions: StringVectorBuilder,
-    create_times: DateTimeVectorBuilder,
+    create_times: TimestampMicrosecondVectorBuilder,
     partition_ids: UInt64VectorBuilder,
 }
 
@@ -220,7 +233,7 @@ impl InformationSchemaPartitionsBuilder {
             partition_names: StringVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
             partition_ordinal_positions: Int64VectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
             partition_expressions: StringVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
-            create_times: DateTimeVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
+            create_times: TimestampMicrosecondVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
             partition_ids: UInt64VectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
         }
     }
@@ -324,7 +337,7 @@ impl InformationSchemaPartitionsBuilder {
             };
 
             self.partition_expressions.push(expressions.as_deref());
-            self.create_times.push(Some(DateTime::from(
+            self.create_times.push(Some(TimestampMicrosecond::from(
                 table_info.meta.created_on.timestamp_millis(),
             )));
             self.partition_ids.push(Some(partition.id.as_u64()));
@@ -342,8 +355,8 @@ impl InformationSchemaPartitionsBuilder {
             Arc::new(Int64Vector::from(vec![None])),
             rows_num,
         ));
-        let null_datetime_vector = Arc::new(ConstantVector::new(
-            Arc::new(DateTimeVector::from(vec![None])),
+        let null_timestampmicrosecond_vector = Arc::new(ConstantVector::new(
+            Arc::new(TimestampMicrosecondVector::from(vec![None])),
             rows_num,
         ));
         let partition_methods = Arc::new(ConstantVector::new(
@@ -373,8 +386,8 @@ impl InformationSchemaPartitionsBuilder {
             null_i64_vector.clone(),
             Arc::new(self.create_times.finish()),
             // TODO(dennis): supports update_time
-            null_datetime_vector.clone(),
-            null_datetime_vector,
+            null_timestampmicrosecond_vector.clone(),
+            null_timestampmicrosecond_vector,
             null_i64_vector,
             null_string_vector.clone(),
             null_string_vector.clone(),

src/catalog/src/system_schema/information_schema/tables.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ use datatypes::prelude::{ConcreteDataType, ScalarVectorBuilder, VectorRef};
 use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, Schema, SchemaRef};
 use datatypes::value::Value;
 use datatypes::vectors::{
-    DateTimeVectorBuilder, StringVectorBuilder, UInt32VectorBuilder, UInt64VectorBuilder,
+    StringVectorBuilder, TimestampMicrosecondVectorBuilder, UInt32VectorBuilder,
+    UInt64VectorBuilder,
 };
 use futures::TryStreamExt;
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
@@ -105,9 +106,21 @@ impl InformationSchemaTables {
             ColumnSchema::new(TABLE_ROWS, ConcreteDataType::uint64_datatype(), true),
             ColumnSchema::new(DATA_FREE, ConcreteDataType::uint64_datatype(), true),
             ColumnSchema::new(AUTO_INCREMENT, ConcreteDataType::uint64_datatype(), true),
-            ColumnSchema::new(CREATE_TIME, ConcreteDataType::datetime_datatype(), true),
-            ColumnSchema::new(UPDATE_TIME, ConcreteDataType::datetime_datatype(), true),
-            ColumnSchema::new(CHECK_TIME, ConcreteDataType::datetime_datatype(), true),
+            ColumnSchema::new(
+                CREATE_TIME,
+                ConcreteDataType::timestamp_microsecond_datatype(),
+                true,
+            ),
+            ColumnSchema::new(
+                UPDATE_TIME,
+                ConcreteDataType::timestamp_microsecond_datatype(),
+                true,
+            ),
+            ColumnSchema::new(
+                CHECK_TIME,
+                ConcreteDataType::timestamp_microsecond_datatype(),
+                true,
+            ),
             ColumnSchema::new(TABLE_COLLATION, ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(), true),
             ColumnSchema::new(CHECKSUM, ConcreteDataType::uint64_datatype(), true),
             ColumnSchema::new(CREATE_OPTIONS, ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(), true),
@@ -182,9 +195,9 @@ struct InformationSchemaTablesBuilder {
     max_index_length: UInt64VectorBuilder,
     data_free: UInt64VectorBuilder,
     auto_increment: UInt64VectorBuilder,
-    create_time: DateTimeVectorBuilder,
-    update_time: DateTimeVectorBuilder,
-    check_time: DateTimeVectorBuilder,
+    create_time: TimestampMicrosecondVectorBuilder,
+    update_time: TimestampMicrosecondVectorBuilder,
+    check_time: TimestampMicrosecondVectorBuilder,
     table_collation: StringVectorBuilder,
     checksum: UInt64VectorBuilder,
     create_options: StringVectorBuilder,
@@ -219,9 +232,9 @@ impl InformationSchemaTablesBuilder {
             max_index_length: UInt64VectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
             data_free: UInt64VectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
             auto_increment: UInt64VectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
-            create_time: DateTimeVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
-            update_time: DateTimeVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
-            check_time: DateTimeVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
+            create_time: TimestampMicrosecondVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
+            update_time: TimestampMicrosecondVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
+            check_time: TimestampMicrosecondVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
             table_collation: StringVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
             checksum: UInt64VectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),
             create_options: StringVectorBuilder::with_capacity(INIT_CAPACITY),

src/catalog/src/system_schema/utils/tables.rs

@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@ pub fn bigint_column(name: &str) -> ColumnSchema {
     )
 }
 
-pub fn datetime_column(name: &str) -> ColumnSchema {
+pub fn timestamp_micro_column(name: &str) -> ColumnSchema {
     ColumnSchema::new(
         str::to_lowercase(name),
-        ConcreteDataType::datetime_datatype(),
+        ConcreteDataType::timestamp_microsecond_datatype(),
         false,
     )
 }

src/cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ license.workspace = true
 
 [features]
 pg_kvbackend = ["common-meta/pg_kvbackend"]
+mysql_kvbackend = ["common-meta/mysql_kvbackend"]
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true
@@ -43,6 +44,10 @@ futures.workspace = true
 humantime.workspace = true
 meta-client.workspace = true
 nu-ansi-term = "0.46"
+opendal = { version = "0.51.1", features = [
+    "services-fs",
+    "services-s3",
+] }
 query.workspace = true
 rand.workspace = true
 reqwest.workspace = true

src/cli/src/bench.rs

@@ -23,11 +23,14 @@ use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
 use common_meta::key::{TableMetadataManager, TableMetadataManagerRef};
 use common_meta::kv_backend::etcd::EtcdStore;
 use common_meta::kv_backend::memory::MemoryKvBackend;
+#[cfg(feature = "mysql_kvbackend")]
+use common_meta::kv_backend::rds::MySqlStore;
 #[cfg(feature = "pg_kvbackend")]
-use common_meta::kv_backend::postgres::PgStore;
+use common_meta::kv_backend::rds::PgStore;
 use common_meta::peer::Peer;
 use common_meta::rpc::router::{Region, RegionRoute};
 use common_telemetry::info;
+use common_wal::options::WalOptions;
 use datatypes::data_type::ConcreteDataType;
 use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, RawSchema};
 use rand::Rng;
@@ -62,6 +65,9 @@ pub struct BenchTableMetadataCommand {
     #[cfg(feature = "pg_kvbackend")]
     #[clap(long)]
     postgres_addr: Option<String>,
+    #[cfg(feature = "mysql_kvbackend")]
+    #[clap(long)]
+    mysql_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
     count: u32,
 }
@@ -85,6 +91,16 @@ impl BenchTableMetadataCommand {
             kv_backend
         };
 
+        #[cfg(feature = "mysql_kvbackend")]
+        let kv_backend = if let Some(mysql_addr) = &self.mysql_addr {
+            info!("Using mysql as kv backend");
+            MySqlStore::with_url(mysql_addr, "greptime_metakv", 128)
+                .await
+                .unwrap()
+        } else {
+            kv_backend
+        };
+
         let table_metadata_manager = Arc::new(TableMetadataManager::new(kv_backend));
 
         let tool = BenchTableMetadata {
@@ -184,7 +200,7 @@ fn create_region_routes(regions: Vec<RegionNumber>) -> Vec<RegionRoute> {
     region_routes
 }
 
-fn create_region_wal_options(regions: Vec<RegionNumber>) -> HashMap<RegionNumber, String> {
+fn create_region_wal_options(regions: Vec<RegionNumber>) -> HashMap<RegionNumber, WalOptions> {
     // TODO(niebayes): construct region wal options for benchmark.
     let _ = regions;
     HashMap::default()

src/cli/src/bench/metadata.rs

@@ -49,7 +49,12 @@ impl TableMetadataBencher {
 
                 let regions: Vec<_> = (0..64).collect();
                 let region_routes = create_region_routes(regions.clone());
-                let region_wal_options = create_region_wal_options(regions);
+                let region_wal_options = create_region_wal_options(regions)
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|(region_id, wal_options)| {
+                        (region_id, serde_json::to_string(&wal_options).unwrap())
+                    })
+                    .collect();
 
                 let start = Instant::now();
 
@@ -109,9 +114,17 @@ impl TableMetadataBencher {
                 let table_info = table_info.unwrap();
                 let table_route = table_route.unwrap();
                 let table_id = table_info.table_info.ident.table_id;
+
+                let regions: Vec<_> = (0..64).collect();
+                let region_wal_options = create_region_wal_options(regions);
                 let _ = self
                     .table_metadata_manager
-                    .delete_table_metadata(table_id, &table_info.table_name(), &table_route)
+                    .delete_table_metadata(
+                        table_id,
+                        &table_info.table_name(),
+                        &table_route,
+                        &region_wal_options,
+                    )
                     .await;
                 start.elapsed()
             },

src/cli/src/database.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use base64::engine::general_purpose;
 use base64::Engine;
 use common_catalog::consts::{DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME};
+use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
 use humantime::format_duration;
 use serde_json::Value;
 use servers::http::header::constants::GREPTIME_DB_HEADER_TIMEOUT;
@@ -24,7 +25,9 @@ use servers::http::result::greptime_result_v1::GreptimedbV1Response;
 use servers::http::GreptimeQueryOutput;
 use snafu::ResultExt;
 
-use crate::error::{HttpQuerySqlSnafu, Result, SerdeJsonSnafu};
+use crate::error::{
+    BuildClientSnafu, HttpQuerySqlSnafu, ParseProxyOptsSnafu, Result, SerdeJsonSnafu,
+};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct DatabaseClient {
@@ -32,6 +35,23 @@ pub struct DatabaseClient {
     catalog: String,
     auth_header: Option<String>,
     timeout: Duration,
+    proxy: Option<reqwest::Proxy>,
+}
+
+pub fn parse_proxy_opts(
+    proxy: Option<String>,
+    no_proxy: bool,
+) -> std::result::Result<Option<reqwest::Proxy>, BoxedError> {
+    if no_proxy {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+    proxy
+        .map(|proxy| {
+            reqwest::Proxy::all(proxy)
+                .context(ParseProxyOptsSnafu)
+                .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+        })
+        .transpose()
 }
 
 impl DatabaseClient {
@@ -40,6 +60,7 @@ impl DatabaseClient {
         catalog: String,
         auth_basic: Option<String>,
         timeout: Duration,
+        proxy: Option<reqwest::Proxy>,
     ) -> Self {
         let auth_header = if let Some(basic) = auth_basic {
             let encoded = general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(basic);
@@ -48,11 +69,18 @@ impl DatabaseClient {
             None
         };
 
+        if let Some(ref proxy) = proxy {
+            common_telemetry::info!("Using proxy: {:?}", proxy);
+        } else {
+            common_telemetry::info!("Using system proxy(if any)");
+        }
+
         Self {
             addr,
             catalog,
             auth_header,
             timeout,
+            proxy,
         }
     }
 
@@ -67,7 +95,13 @@ impl DatabaseClient {
             ("db", format!("{}-{}", self.catalog, schema)),
             ("sql", sql.to_string()),
         ];
-        let mut request = reqwest::Client::new()
+        let client = self
+            .proxy
+            .clone()
+            .map(|proxy| reqwest::Client::builder().proxy(proxy).build())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| Ok(reqwest::Client::new()))
+            .context(BuildClientSnafu)?;
+        let mut request = client
             .post(&url)
             .form(&params)
             .header("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

src/cli/src/error.rs

@@ -86,6 +86,22 @@ pub enum Error {
         location: Location,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to parse proxy options: {}", error))]
+    ParseProxyOpts {
+        #[snafu(source)]
+        error: reqwest::Error,
+        #[snafu(implicit)]
+        location: Location,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to build reqwest client: {}", error))]
+    BuildClient {
+        #[snafu(implicit)]
+        location: Location,
+        #[snafu(source)]
+        error: reqwest::Error,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Invalid REPL command: {reason}"))]
     InvalidReplCommand { reason: String },
 
@@ -260,6 +276,24 @@ pub enum Error {
         #[snafu(implicit)]
         location: Location,
     },
+
+    #[snafu(display("OpenDAL operator failed"))]
+    OpenDal {
+        #[snafu(implicit)]
+        location: Location,
+        #[snafu(source)]
+        error: opendal::Error,
+    },
+    #[snafu(display("S3 config need be set"))]
+    S3ConfigNotSet {
+        #[snafu(implicit)]
+        location: Location,
+    },
+    #[snafu(display("Output directory not set"))]
+    OutputDirNotSet {
+        #[snafu(implicit)]
+        location: Location,
+    },
 }
 
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
@@ -278,7 +312,8 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             | Error::InitTimezone { .. }
             | Error::ConnectEtcd { .. }
             | Error::CreateDir { .. }
-            | Error::EmptyResult { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
+            | Error::EmptyResult { .. }
+            | Error::ParseProxyOpts { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
 
             Error::StartProcedureManager { source, .. }
             | Error::StopProcedureManager { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
@@ -298,9 +333,13 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             Error::SerdeJson { .. }
             | Error::FileIo { .. }
             | Error::SpawnThread { .. }
-            | Error::InitTlsProvider { .. } => StatusCode::Unexpected,
+            | Error::InitTlsProvider { .. }
+            | Error::BuildClient { .. } => StatusCode::Unexpected,
 
             Error::Other { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
+            Error::OpenDal { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,
+            Error::S3ConfigNotSet { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
+            Error::OutputDirNotSet { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
 
             Error::BuildRuntime { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
 

src/cli/src/export.rs

@@ -21,15 +21,18 @@ use async_trait::async_trait;
 use clap::{Parser, ValueEnum};
 use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
 use common_telemetry::{debug, error, info};
+use opendal::layers::LoggingLayer;
+use opendal::{services, Operator};
 use serde_json::Value;
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
-use tokio::fs::File;
-use tokio::io::{AsyncWriteExt, BufWriter};
 use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
 use tokio::time::Instant;
 
-use crate::database::DatabaseClient;
-use crate::error::{EmptyResultSnafu, Error, FileIoSnafu, Result, SchemaNotFoundSnafu};
+use crate::database::{parse_proxy_opts, DatabaseClient};
+use crate::error::{
+    EmptyResultSnafu, Error, OpenDalSnafu, OutputDirNotSetSnafu, Result, S3ConfigNotSetSnafu,
+    SchemaNotFoundSnafu,
+};
 use crate::{database, Tool};
 
 type TableReference = (String, String, String);
@@ -52,8 +55,9 @@ pub struct ExportCommand {
     addr: String,
 
     /// Directory to put the exported data. E.g.: /tmp/greptimedb-export
+    /// for local export.
     #[clap(long)]
-    output_dir: String,
+    output_dir: Option<String>,
 
     /// The name of the catalog to export.
     #[clap(long, default_value = "greptime-*")]
@@ -91,19 +95,71 @@ pub struct ExportCommand {
     /// The default behavior will disable server-side default timeout(i.e. `0s`).
     #[clap(long, value_parser = humantime::parse_duration)]
     timeout: Option<Duration>,
+
+    /// The proxy server address to connect, if set, will override the system proxy.
+    ///
+    /// The default behavior will use the system proxy if neither `proxy` nor `no_proxy` is set.
+    #[clap(long)]
+    proxy: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Disable proxy server, if set, will not use any proxy.
+    #[clap(long)]
+    no_proxy: bool,
+
+    /// if export data to s3
+    #[clap(long)]
+    s3: bool,
+
+    /// The s3 bucket name
+    /// if s3 is set, this is required
+    #[clap(long)]
+    s3_bucket: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The s3 endpoint
+    /// if s3 is set, this is required
+    #[clap(long)]
+    s3_endpoint: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The s3 access key
+    /// if s3 is set, this is required
+    #[clap(long)]
+    s3_access_key: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The s3 secret key
+    /// if s3 is set, this is required
+    #[clap(long)]
+    s3_secret_key: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The s3 region
+    /// if s3 is set, this is required
+    #[clap(long)]
+    s3_region: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl ExportCommand {
     pub async fn build(&self) -> std::result::Result<Box<dyn Tool>, BoxedError> {
+        if self.s3
+            && (self.s3_bucket.is_none()
+                || self.s3_endpoint.is_none()
+                || self.s3_access_key.is_none()
+                || self.s3_secret_key.is_none()
+                || self.s3_region.is_none())
+        {
+            return Err(BoxedError::new(S3ConfigNotSetSnafu {}.build()));
+        }
+        if !self.s3 && self.output_dir.is_none() {
+            return Err(BoxedError::new(OutputDirNotSetSnafu {}.build()));
+        }
         let (catalog, schema) =
             database::split_database(&self.database).map_err(BoxedError::new)?;
-
+        let proxy = parse_proxy_opts(self.proxy.clone(), self.no_proxy)?;
         let database_client = DatabaseClient::new(
             self.addr.clone(),
             catalog.clone(),
             self.auth_basic.clone(),
             // Treats `None` as `0s` to disable server-side default timeout.
             self.timeout.unwrap_or_default(),
+            proxy,
         );
 
         Ok(Box::new(Export {
@@ -115,24 +171,43 @@ impl ExportCommand {
             target: self.target.clone(),
             start_time: self.start_time.clone(),
             end_time: self.end_time.clone(),
+            s3: self.s3,
+            s3_bucket: self.s3_bucket.clone(),
+            s3_endpoint: self.s3_endpoint.clone(),
+            s3_access_key: self.s3_access_key.clone(),
+            s3_secret_key: self.s3_secret_key.clone(),
+            s3_region: self.s3_region.clone(),
         }))
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Export {
     catalog: String,
     schema: Option<String>,
     database_client: DatabaseClient,
-    output_dir: String,
+    output_dir: Option<String>,
     parallelism: usize,
     target: ExportTarget,
     start_time: Option<String>,
     end_time: Option<String>,
+    s3: bool,
+    s3_bucket: Option<String>,
+    s3_endpoint: Option<String>,
+    s3_access_key: Option<String>,
+    s3_secret_key: Option<String>,
+    s3_region: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl Export {
     fn catalog_path(&self) -> PathBuf {
-        PathBuf::from(&self.output_dir).join(&self.catalog)
+        if self.s3 {
+            PathBuf::from(&self.catalog)
+        } else if let Some(dir) = &self.output_dir {
+            PathBuf::from(dir).join(&self.catalog)
+        } else {
+            unreachable!("catalog_path: output_dir must be set when not using s3")
+        }
     }
 
     async fn get_db_names(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
@@ -289,19 +364,23 @@ impl Export {
         let timer = Instant::now();
         let db_names = self.get_db_names().await?;
         let db_count = db_names.len();
+        let operator = self.build_operator().await?;
+
         for schema in db_names {
-            let db_dir = self.catalog_path().join(format!("{schema}/"));
-            tokio::fs::create_dir_all(&db_dir)
-                .await
-                .context(FileIoSnafu)?;
-            let file = db_dir.join("create_database.sql");
-            let mut file = File::create(file).await.context(FileIoSnafu)?;
             let create_database = self
                 .show_create("DATABASE", &self.catalog, &schema, None)
                 .await?;
-            file.write_all(create_database.as_bytes())
-                .await
-                .context(FileIoSnafu)?;
+
+            let file_path = self.get_file_path(&schema, "create_database.sql");
+            self.write_to_storage(&operator, &file_path, create_database.into_bytes())
+                .await?;
+
+            info!(
+                "Exported {}.{} database creation SQL to {}",
+                self.catalog,
+                schema,
+                self.format_output_path(&file_path)
+            );
         }
 
         let elapsed = timer.elapsed();
@@ -315,149 +394,267 @@ impl Export {
         let semaphore = Arc::new(Semaphore::new(self.parallelism));
         let db_names = self.get_db_names().await?;
         let db_count = db_names.len();
+        let operator = Arc::new(self.build_operator().await?);
         let mut tasks = Vec::with_capacity(db_names.len());
+
         for schema in db_names {
             let semaphore_moved = semaphore.clone();
+            let export_self = self.clone();
+            let operator = operator.clone();
             tasks.push(async move {
                 let _permit = semaphore_moved.acquire().await.unwrap();
-                let (metric_physical_tables, remaining_tables, views) =
-                    self.get_table_list(&self.catalog, &schema).await?;
-                let table_count =
-                    metric_physical_tables.len() + remaining_tables.len() + views.len();
-                let db_dir = self.catalog_path().join(format!("{schema}/"));
-                tokio::fs::create_dir_all(&db_dir)
-                    .await
-                    .context(FileIoSnafu)?;
-                let file = db_dir.join("create_tables.sql");
-                let mut file = File::create(file).await.context(FileIoSnafu)?;
-                for (c, s, t) in metric_physical_tables.into_iter().chain(remaining_tables) {
-                    let create_table = self.show_create("TABLE", &c, &s, Some(&t)).await?;
-                    file.write_all(create_table.as_bytes())
-                        .await
-                        .context(FileIoSnafu)?;
-                }
-                for (c, s, v) in views {
-                    let create_view = self.show_create("VIEW", &c, &s, Some(&v)).await?;
-                    file.write_all(create_view.as_bytes())
-                        .await
-                        .context(FileIoSnafu)?;
+                let (metric_physical_tables, remaining_tables, views) = export_self
+                    .get_table_list(&export_self.catalog, &schema)
+                    .await?;
+
+                // Create directory if needed for file system storage
+                if !export_self.s3 {
+                    let db_dir = format!("{}/{}/", export_self.catalog, schema);
+                    operator.create_dir(&db_dir).await.context(OpenDalSnafu)?;
                 }
 
+                let file_path = export_self.get_file_path(&schema, "create_tables.sql");
+                let mut content = Vec::new();
+
+                // Add table creation SQL
+                for (c, s, t) in metric_physical_tables.iter().chain(&remaining_tables) {
+                    let create_table = export_self.show_create("TABLE", c, s, Some(t)).await?;
+                    content.extend_from_slice(create_table.as_bytes());
+                }
+
+                // Add view creation SQL
+                for (c, s, v) in &views {
+                    let create_view = export_self.show_create("VIEW", c, s, Some(v)).await?;
+                    content.extend_from_slice(create_view.as_bytes());
+                }
+
+                // Write to storage
+                export_self
+                    .write_to_storage(&operator, &file_path, content)
+                    .await?;
+
                 info!(
-                    "Finished exporting {}.{schema} with {table_count} table schemas to path: {}",
-                    self.catalog,
-                    db_dir.to_string_lossy()
+                    "Finished exporting {}.{schema} with {} table schemas to path: {}",
+                    export_self.catalog,
+                    metric_physical_tables.len() + remaining_tables.len() + views.len(),
+                    export_self.format_output_path(&file_path)
                 );
 
                 Ok::<(), Error>(())
             });
         }
 
-        let success = futures::future::join_all(tasks)
-            .await
-            .into_iter()
-            .filter(|r| match r {
-                Ok(_) => true,
-                Err(e) => {
-                    error!(e; "export schema job failed");
-                    false
-                }
-            })
-            .count();
-
+        let success = self.execute_tasks(tasks).await;
         let elapsed = timer.elapsed();
         info!("Success {success}/{db_count} jobs, cost: {elapsed:?}");
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    async fn build_operator(&self) -> Result<Operator> {
+        if self.s3 {
+            self.build_s3_operator().await
+        } else {
+            self.build_fs_operator().await
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn build_s3_operator(&self) -> Result<Operator> {
+        let mut builder = services::S3::default().root("").bucket(
+            self.s3_bucket
+                .as_ref()
+                .expect("s3_bucket must be provided when s3 is enabled"),
+        );
+
+        if let Some(endpoint) = self.s3_endpoint.as_ref() {
+            builder = builder.endpoint(endpoint);
+        }
+
+        if let Some(region) = self.s3_region.as_ref() {
+            builder = builder.region(region);
+        }
+
+        if let Some(key_id) = self.s3_access_key.as_ref() {
+            builder = builder.access_key_id(key_id);
+        }
+
+        if let Some(secret_key) = self.s3_secret_key.as_ref() {
+            builder = builder.secret_access_key(secret_key);
+        }
+
+        let op = Operator::new(builder)
+            .context(OpenDalSnafu)?
+            .layer(LoggingLayer::default())
+            .finish();
+        Ok(op)
+    }
+
+    async fn build_fs_operator(&self) -> Result<Operator> {
+        let root = self
+            .output_dir
+            .as_ref()
+            .context(OutputDirNotSetSnafu)?
+            .clone();
+        let op = Operator::new(services::Fs::default().root(&root))
+            .context(OpenDalSnafu)?
+            .layer(LoggingLayer::default())
+            .finish();
+        Ok(op)
+    }
+
     async fn export_database_data(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let timer = Instant::now();
         let semaphore = Arc::new(Semaphore::new(self.parallelism));
         let db_names = self.get_db_names().await?;
         let db_count = db_names.len();
         let mut tasks = Vec::with_capacity(db_count);
+        let operator = Arc::new(self.build_operator().await?);
+        let with_options = build_with_options(&self.start_time, &self.end_time);
+
         for schema in db_names {
             let semaphore_moved = semaphore.clone();
+            let export_self = self.clone();
+            let with_options_clone = with_options.clone();
+            let operator = operator.clone();
+
             tasks.push(async move {
                 let _permit = semaphore_moved.acquire().await.unwrap();
-                let db_dir = self.catalog_path().join(format!("{schema}/"));
-                tokio::fs::create_dir_all(&db_dir)
-                    .await
-                    .context(FileIoSnafu)?;
 
-                let with_options = match (&self.start_time, &self.end_time) {
-                    (Some(start_time), Some(end_time)) => {
-                        format!(
-                            "WITH (FORMAT='parquet', start_time='{}', end_time='{}')",
-                            start_time, end_time
-                        )
-                    }
-                    (Some(start_time), None) => {
-                        format!("WITH (FORMAT='parquet', start_time='{}')", start_time)
-                    }
-                    (None, Some(end_time)) => {
-                        format!("WITH (FORMAT='parquet', end_time='{}')", end_time)
-                    }
-                    (None, None) => "WITH (FORMAT='parquet')".to_string(),
-                };
+                // Create directory if not using S3
+                if !export_self.s3 {
+                    let db_dir = format!("{}/{}/", export_self.catalog, schema);
+                    operator.create_dir(&db_dir).await.context(OpenDalSnafu)?;
+                }
 
+                let (path, connection_part) = export_self.get_storage_params(&schema);
+
+                // Execute COPY DATABASE TO command
                 let sql = format!(
-                    r#"COPY DATABASE "{}"."{}" TO '{}' {};"#,
-                    self.catalog,
-                    schema,
-                    db_dir.to_str().unwrap(),
-                    with_options
+                    r#"COPY DATABASE "{}"."{}" TO '{}' WITH ({}){};"#,
+                    export_self.catalog, schema, path, with_options_clone, connection_part
+                );
+                info!("Executing sql: {sql}");
+                export_self.database_client.sql_in_public(&sql).await?;
+                info!(
+                    "Finished exporting {}.{} data to {}",
+                    export_self.catalog, schema, path
                 );
 
-                info!("Executing sql: {sql}");
+                // Create copy_from.sql file
+                let copy_database_from_sql = format!(
+                    r#"COPY DATABASE "{}"."{}" FROM '{}' WITH ({}){};"#,
+                    export_self.catalog, schema, path, with_options_clone, connection_part
+                );
 
-                self.database_client.sql_in_public(&sql).await?;
+                let copy_from_path = export_self.get_file_path(&schema, "copy_from.sql");
+                export_self
+                    .write_to_storage(
+                        &operator,
+                        &copy_from_path,
+                        copy_database_from_sql.into_bytes(),
+                    )
+                    .await?;
 
                 info!(
-                    "Finished exporting {}.{schema} data into path: {}",
-                    self.catalog,
-                    db_dir.to_string_lossy()
-                );
-
-                // The export copy from sql
-                let copy_from_file = db_dir.join("copy_from.sql");
-                let mut writer =
-                    BufWriter::new(File::create(copy_from_file).await.context(FileIoSnafu)?);
-                let copy_database_from_sql = format!(
-                    r#"COPY DATABASE "{}"."{}" FROM '{}' WITH (FORMAT='parquet');"#,
-                    self.catalog,
+                    "Finished exporting {}.{} copy_from.sql to {}",
+                    export_self.catalog,
                     schema,
-                    db_dir.to_str().unwrap()
+                    export_self.format_output_path(&copy_from_path)
                 );
-                writer
-                    .write(copy_database_from_sql.as_bytes())
-                    .await
-                    .context(FileIoSnafu)?;
-                writer.flush().await.context(FileIoSnafu)?;
-
-                info!("Finished exporting {}.{schema} copy_from.sql", self.catalog);
 
                 Ok::<(), Error>(())
-            })
+            });
         }
 
-        let success = futures::future::join_all(tasks)
+        let success = self.execute_tasks(tasks).await;
+        let elapsed = timer.elapsed();
+        info!("Success {success}/{db_count} jobs, costs: {elapsed:?}");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn get_file_path(&self, schema: &str, file_name: &str) -> String {
+        format!("{}/{}/{}", self.catalog, schema, file_name)
+    }
+
+    fn format_output_path(&self, file_path: &str) -> String {
+        if self.s3 {
+            format!(
+                "s3://{}/{}",
+                self.s3_bucket.as_ref().unwrap_or(&String::new()),
+                file_path
+            )
+        } else {
+            format!(
+                "{}/{}",
+                self.output_dir.as_ref().unwrap_or(&String::new()),
+                file_path
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn write_to_storage(
+        &self,
+        op: &Operator,
+        file_path: &str,
+        content: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        op.write(file_path, content).await.context(OpenDalSnafu)
+    }
+
+    fn get_storage_params(&self, schema: &str) -> (String, String) {
+        if self.s3 {
+            let s3_path = format!(
+                "s3://{}/{}/{}/",
+                // Safety: s3_bucket is required when s3 is enabled
+                self.s3_bucket.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                self.catalog,
+                schema
+            );
+
+            // endpoint is optional
+            let endpoint_option = if let Some(endpoint) = self.s3_endpoint.as_ref() {
+                format!(", ENDPOINT='{}'", endpoint)
+            } else {
+                String::new()
+            };
+
+            // Safety: All s3 options are required
+            let connection_options = format!(
+                "ACCESS_KEY_ID='{}', SECRET_ACCESS_KEY='{}', REGION='{}'{}",
+                self.s3_access_key.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                self.s3_secret_key.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                self.s3_region.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                endpoint_option
+            );
+
+            (s3_path, format!(" CONNECTION ({})", connection_options))
+        } else {
+            (
+                self.catalog_path()
+                    .join(format!("{schema}/"))
+                    .to_string_lossy()
+                    .to_string(),
+                String::new(),
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn execute_tasks(
+        &self,
+        tasks: Vec<impl std::future::Future<Output = Result<()>>>,
+    ) -> usize {
+        futures::future::join_all(tasks)
             .await
             .into_iter()
             .filter(|r| match r {
                 Ok(_) => true,
                 Err(e) => {
-                    error!(e; "export database job failed");
+                    error!(e; "export job failed");
                     false
                 }
             })
-            .count();
-        let elapsed = timer.elapsed();
-
-        info!("Success {success}/{db_count} jobs, costs: {elapsed:?}");
-
-        Ok(())
+            .count()
     }
 }
 
@@ -482,3 +679,15 @@ impl Tool for Export {
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// Builds the WITH options string for SQL commands, assuming consistent syntax across S3 and local exports.
+fn build_with_options(start_time: &Option<String>, end_time: &Option<String>) -> String {
+    let mut options = vec!["format = 'parquet'".to_string()];
+    if let Some(start) = start_time {
+        options.push(format!("start_time = '{}'", start));
+    }
+    if let Some(end) = end_time {
+        options.push(format!("end_time = '{}'", end));
+    }
+    options.join(", ")
+}

src/cli/src/import.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
 use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
 use tokio::time::Instant;
 
-use crate::database::DatabaseClient;
+use crate::database::{parse_proxy_opts, DatabaseClient};
 use crate::error::{Error, FileIoSnafu, Result, SchemaNotFoundSnafu};
 use crate::{database, Tool};
 
@@ -76,18 +76,30 @@ pub struct ImportCommand {
     /// The default behavior will disable server-side default timeout(i.e. `0s`).
     #[clap(long, value_parser = humantime::parse_duration)]
     timeout: Option<Duration>,
+
+    /// The proxy server address to connect, if set, will override the system proxy.
+    ///
+    /// The default behavior will use the system proxy if neither `proxy` nor `no_proxy` is set.
+    #[clap(long)]
+    proxy: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Disable proxy server, if set, will not use any proxy.
+    #[clap(long, default_value = "false")]
+    no_proxy: bool,
 }
 
 impl ImportCommand {
     pub async fn build(&self) -> std::result::Result<Box<dyn Tool>, BoxedError> {
         let (catalog, schema) =
             database::split_database(&self.database).map_err(BoxedError::new)?;
+        let proxy = parse_proxy_opts(self.proxy.clone(), self.no_proxy)?;
         let database_client = DatabaseClient::new(
             self.addr.clone(),
             catalog.clone(),
             self.auth_basic.clone(),
             // Treats `None` as `0s` to disable server-side default timeout.
             self.timeout.unwrap_or_default(),
+            proxy,
         );
 
         Ok(Box::new(Import {

src/cmd/src/datanode.rs

@@ -126,10 +126,14 @@ impl SubCommand {
 struct StartCommand {
     #[clap(long)]
     node_id: Option<u64>,
-    #[clap(long)]
-    rpc_addr: Option<String>,
-    #[clap(long)]
-    rpc_hostname: Option<String>,
+    /// The address to bind the gRPC server.
+    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-addr")]
+    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
+    /// The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
+    /// If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+    /// on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `rpc_bind_addr`.
+    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-hostname")]
+    rpc_server_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long, value_delimiter = ',', num_args = 1..)]
     metasrv_addrs: Option<Vec<String>>,
     #[clap(short, long)]
@@ -181,18 +185,18 @@ impl StartCommand {
             tokio_console_addr: global_options.tokio_console_addr.clone(),
         };
 
-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_addr {
-            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr);
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
+            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
         } else if let Some(addr) = &opts.rpc_addr {
             warn!("Use the deprecated attribute `DatanodeOptions.rpc_addr`, please use `grpc.addr` instead.");
-            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr);
+            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
         }
 
-        if let Some(hostname) = &self.rpc_hostname {
-            opts.grpc.hostname.clone_from(hostname);
-        } else if let Some(hostname) = &opts.rpc_hostname {
+        if let Some(server_addr) = &self.rpc_server_addr {
+            opts.grpc.server_addr.clone_from(server_addr);
+        } else if let Some(server_addr) = &opts.rpc_hostname {
             warn!("Use the deprecated attribute `DatanodeOptions.rpc_hostname`, please use `grpc.hostname` instead.");
-            opts.grpc.hostname.clone_from(hostname);
+            opts.grpc.server_addr.clone_from(server_addr);
         }
 
         if let Some(runtime_size) = opts.rpc_runtime_size {
@@ -277,13 +281,12 @@ impl StartCommand {
 
         let plugin_opts = opts.plugins;
         let mut opts = opts.component;
-        opts.grpc.detect_hostname();
+        opts.grpc.detect_server_addr();
         let mut plugins = Plugins::new();
         plugins::setup_datanode_plugins(&mut plugins, &plugin_opts, &opts)
             .await
             .context(StartDatanodeSnafu)?;
 
-        let cluster_id = 0; // TODO(hl): read from config
         let member_id = opts
             .node_id
             .context(MissingConfigSnafu { msg: "'node_id'" })?;
@@ -292,13 +295,10 @@ impl StartCommand {
             msg: "'meta_client_options'",
         })?;
 
-        let meta_client = meta_client::create_meta_client(
-            cluster_id,
-            MetaClientType::Datanode { member_id },
-            meta_config,
-        )
-        .await
-        .context(MetaClientInitSnafu)?;
+        let meta_client =
+            meta_client::create_meta_client(MetaClientType::Datanode { member_id }, meta_config)
+                .await
+                .context(MetaClientInitSnafu)?;
 
         let meta_backend = Arc::new(MetaKvBackend {
             client: meta_client.clone(),
@@ -357,8 +357,8 @@ mod tests {
             rpc_addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
             rpc_hostname = "192.168.0.1"
             [grpc]
-            addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
-            hostname = "127.0.0.1"
+            bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
+            server_addr = "127.0.0.1"
             runtime_size = 8
         "#;
         write!(file, "{}", toml_str).unwrap();
@@ -369,8 +369,8 @@ mod tests {
         };
 
         let options = cmd.load_options(&Default::default()).unwrap().component;
-        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4001".to_string(), options.grpc.addr);
-        assert_eq!("192.168.0.1".to_string(), options.grpc.hostname);
+        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4001".to_string(), options.grpc.bind_addr);
+        assert_eq!("192.168.0.1".to_string(), options.grpc.server_addr);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let options = cmd.load_options(&Default::default()).unwrap().component;
 
-        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:3001".to_string(), options.grpc.addr);
+        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:3001".to_string(), options.grpc.bind_addr);
         assert_eq!(Some(42), options.node_id);
 
         let DatanodeWalConfig::RaftEngine(raft_engine_config) = options.wal else {
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ mod tests {
                     opts.http.addr,
                     DatanodeOptions::default().component.http.addr
                 );
-                assert_eq!(opts.grpc.hostname, "10.103.174.219");
+                assert_eq!(opts.grpc.server_addr, "10.103.174.219");
             },
         );
     }

src/cmd/src/flownode.rs

@@ -129,11 +129,13 @@ struct StartCommand {
     #[clap(long)]
     node_id: Option<u64>,
     /// Bind address for the gRPC server.
-    #[clap(long)]
-    rpc_addr: Option<String>,
-    /// Hostname for the gRPC server.
-    #[clap(long)]
-    rpc_hostname: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-addr")]
+    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
+    /// The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
+    /// If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+    /// on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `rpc_bind_addr`.
+    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-hostname")]
+    rpc_server_addr: Option<String>,
     /// Metasrv address list;
     #[clap(long, value_delimiter = ',', num_args = 1..)]
     metasrv_addrs: Option<Vec<String>>,
@@ -184,12 +186,12 @@ impl StartCommand {
             tokio_console_addr: global_options.tokio_console_addr.clone(),
         };
 
-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_addr {
-            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr);
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
+            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
         }
 
-        if let Some(hostname) = &self.rpc_hostname {
-            opts.grpc.hostname.clone_from(hostname);
+        if let Some(server_addr) = &self.rpc_server_addr {
+            opts.grpc.server_addr.clone_from(server_addr);
         }
 
         if let Some(node_id) = self.node_id {
@@ -237,10 +239,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
         info!("Flownode options: {:#?}", opts);
 
         let mut opts = opts.component;
-        opts.grpc.detect_hostname();
-
-        // TODO(discord9): make it not optionale after cluster id is required
-        let cluster_id = opts.cluster_id.unwrap_or(0);
+        opts.grpc.detect_server_addr();
 
         let member_id = opts
             .node_id
@@ -250,13 +249,10 @@ impl StartCommand {
             msg: "'meta_client_options'",
         })?;
 
-        let meta_client = meta_client::create_meta_client(
-            cluster_id,
-            MetaClientType::Flownode { member_id },
-            meta_config,
-        )
-        .await
-        .context(MetaClientInitSnafu)?;
+        let meta_client =
+            meta_client::create_meta_client(MetaClientType::Flownode { member_id }, meta_config)
+                .await
+                .context(MetaClientInitSnafu)?;
 
         let cache_max_capacity = meta_config.metadata_cache_max_capacity;
         let cache_ttl = meta_config.metadata_cache_ttl;

src/cmd/src/frontend.rs

@@ -136,13 +136,19 @@ impl SubCommand {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Parser)]
 pub struct StartCommand {
+    /// The address to bind the gRPC server.
+    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-addr")]
+    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
+    /// The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
+    /// If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+    /// on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `rpc_bind_addr`.
+    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-hostname")]
+    rpc_server_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
     http_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
     http_timeout: Option<u64>,
     #[clap(long)]
-    rpc_addr: Option<String>,
-    #[clap(long)]
     mysql_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
     postgres_addr: Option<String>,
@@ -218,11 +224,15 @@ impl StartCommand {
             opts.http.disable_dashboard = disable_dashboard;
         }
 
-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_addr {
-            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr);
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
+            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
             opts.grpc.tls = tls_opts.clone();
         }
 
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_server_addr {
+            opts.grpc.server_addr.clone_from(addr);
+        }
+
         if let Some(addr) = &self.mysql_addr {
             opts.mysql.enable = true;
             opts.mysql.addr.clone_from(addr);
@@ -269,7 +279,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
 
         let plugin_opts = opts.plugins;
         let mut opts = opts.component;
-        opts.grpc.detect_hostname();
+        opts.grpc.detect_server_addr();
         let mut plugins = Plugins::new();
         plugins::setup_frontend_plugins(&mut plugins, &plugin_opts, &opts)
             .await
@@ -285,14 +295,10 @@ impl StartCommand {
         let cache_ttl = meta_client_options.metadata_cache_ttl;
         let cache_tti = meta_client_options.metadata_cache_tti;
 
-        let cluster_id = 0; // (TODO: jeremy): It is currently a reserved field and has not been enabled.
-        let meta_client = meta_client::create_meta_client(
-            cluster_id,
-            MetaClientType::Frontend,
-            meta_client_options,
-        )
-        .await
-        .context(MetaClientInitSnafu)?;
+        let meta_client =
+            meta_client::create_meta_client(MetaClientType::Frontend, meta_client_options)
+                .await
+                .context(MetaClientInitSnafu)?;
 
         // TODO(discord9): add helper function to ease the creation of cache registry&such
         let cached_meta_backend =
@@ -413,7 +419,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let default_opts = FrontendOptions::default().component;
 
-        assert_eq!(opts.grpc.addr, default_opts.grpc.addr);
+        assert_eq!(opts.grpc.bind_addr, default_opts.grpc.bind_addr);
         assert!(opts.mysql.enable);
         assert_eq!(opts.mysql.runtime_size, default_opts.mysql.runtime_size);
         assert!(opts.postgres.enable);
@@ -604,7 +610,7 @@ mod tests {
                 assert_eq!(fe_opts.http.addr, "127.0.0.1:14000");
 
                 // Should be default value.
-                assert_eq!(fe_opts.grpc.addr, GrpcOptions::default().addr);
+                assert_eq!(fe_opts.grpc.bind_addr, GrpcOptions::default().bind_addr);
             },
         );
     }

src/cmd/src/metasrv.rs

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub struct Instance {
 }
 
 impl Instance {
-    fn new(instance: MetasrvInstance, guard: Vec<WorkerGuard>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(instance: MetasrvInstance, guard: Vec<WorkerGuard>) -> Self {
         Self {
             instance,
             _guard: guard,
@@ -133,11 +133,15 @@ impl SubCommand {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Parser)]
 struct StartCommand {
-    #[clap(long)]
-    bind_addr: Option<String>,
-    #[clap(long)]
-    server_addr: Option<String>,
-    #[clap(long, aliases = ["store-addr"], value_delimiter = ',', num_args = 1..)]
+    /// The address to bind the gRPC server.
+    #[clap(long, alias = "bind-addr")]
+    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
+    /// The communication server address for the frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv.
+    /// If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+    /// on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `rpc_bind_addr`.
+    #[clap(long, alias = "server-addr")]
+    rpc_server_addr: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long, alias = "store-addr", value_delimiter = ',', num_args = 1..)]
     store_addrs: Option<Vec<String>>,
     #[clap(short, long)]
     config_file: Option<String>,
@@ -201,11 +205,11 @@ impl StartCommand {
             tokio_console_addr: global_options.tokio_console_addr.clone(),
         };
 
-        if let Some(addr) = &self.bind_addr {
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
             opts.bind_addr.clone_from(addr);
         }
 
-        if let Some(addr) = &self.server_addr {
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_server_addr {
             opts.server_addr.clone_from(addr);
         }
 
@@ -269,11 +273,13 @@ impl StartCommand {
         log_versions(version(), short_version(), APP_NAME);
 
         info!("Metasrv start command: {:#?}", self);
-        info!("Metasrv options: {:#?}", opts);
 
         let plugin_opts = opts.plugins;
         let mut opts = opts.component;
         opts.detect_server_addr();
+
+        info!("Metasrv options: {:#?}", opts);
+
         let mut plugins = Plugins::new();
         plugins::setup_metasrv_plugins(&mut plugins, &plugin_opts, &opts)
             .await
@@ -306,8 +312,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_read_from_cmd() {
         let cmd = StartCommand {
-            bind_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
-            server_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
+            rpc_bind_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
+            rpc_server_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
             store_addrs: Some(vec!["127.0.0.1:2380".to_string()]),
             selector: Some("LoadBased".to_string()),
             ..Default::default()
@@ -381,8 +387,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_load_log_options_from_cli() {
         let cmd = StartCommand {
-            bind_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
-            server_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
+            rpc_bind_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
+            rpc_server_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3002".to_string()),
             store_addrs: Some(vec!["127.0.0.1:2380".to_string()]),
             selector: Some("LoadBased".to_string()),
             ..Default::default()

src/cmd/src/standalone.rs

@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ use frontend::instance::builder::FrontendBuilder;
 use frontend::instance::{FrontendInstance, Instance as FeInstance, StandaloneDatanodeManager};
 use frontend::server::Services;
 use frontend::service_config::{
-    InfluxdbOptions, MysqlOptions, OpentsdbOptions, PostgresOptions, PromStoreOptions,
+    InfluxdbOptions, JaegerOptions, MysqlOptions, OpentsdbOptions, PostgresOptions,
+    PromStoreOptions,
 };
 use meta_srv::metasrv::{FLOW_ID_SEQ, TABLE_ID_SEQ};
 use mito2::config::MitoConfig;
@@ -140,6 +141,7 @@ pub struct StandaloneOptions {
     pub postgres: PostgresOptions,
     pub opentsdb: OpentsdbOptions,
     pub influxdb: InfluxdbOptions,
+    pub jaeger: JaegerOptions,
     pub prom_store: PromStoreOptions,
     pub wal: DatanodeWalConfig,
     pub storage: StorageConfig,
@@ -169,6 +171,7 @@ impl Default for StandaloneOptions {
             postgres: PostgresOptions::default(),
             opentsdb: OpentsdbOptions::default(),
             influxdb: InfluxdbOptions::default(),
+            jaeger: JaegerOptions::default(),
             prom_store: PromStoreOptions::default(),
             wal: DatanodeWalConfig::default(),
             storage: StorageConfig::default(),
@@ -217,6 +220,7 @@ impl StandaloneOptions {
             postgres: cloned_opts.postgres,
             opentsdb: cloned_opts.opentsdb,
             influxdb: cloned_opts.influxdb,
+            jaeger: cloned_opts.jaeger,
             prom_store: cloned_opts.prom_store,
             meta_client: None,
             logging: cloned_opts.logging,
@@ -329,8 +333,8 @@ impl App for Instance {
 pub struct StartCommand {
     #[clap(long)]
     http_addr: Option<String>,
-    #[clap(long)]
-    rpc_addr: Option<String>,
+    #[clap(long, alias = "rpc-addr")]
+    rpc_bind_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
     mysql_addr: Option<String>,
     #[clap(long)]
@@ -407,9 +411,9 @@ impl StartCommand {
             opts.storage.data_home.clone_from(data_home);
         }
 
-        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_addr {
+        if let Some(addr) = &self.rpc_bind_addr {
             // frontend grpc addr conflict with datanode default grpc addr
-            let datanode_grpc_addr = DatanodeOptions::default().grpc.addr;
+            let datanode_grpc_addr = DatanodeOptions::default().grpc.bind_addr;
             if addr.eq(&datanode_grpc_addr) {
                 return IllegalConfigSnafu {
                     msg: format!(
@@ -417,7 +421,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
                     ),
                 }.fail();
             }
-            opts.grpc.addr.clone_from(addr)
+            opts.grpc.bind_addr.clone_from(addr)
         }
 
         if let Some(addr) = &self.mysql_addr {
@@ -464,7 +468,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
         let mut plugins = Plugins::new();
         let plugin_opts = opts.plugins;
         let mut opts = opts.component;
-        opts.grpc.detect_hostname();
+        opts.grpc.detect_server_addr();
         let fe_opts = opts.frontend_options();
         let dn_opts = opts.datanode_options();
 
@@ -486,8 +490,8 @@ impl StartCommand {
         let metadata_dir = metadata_store_dir(data_home);
         let (kv_backend, procedure_manager) = FeInstance::try_build_standalone_components(
             metadata_dir,
-            opts.metadata_store.clone(),
-            opts.procedure.clone(),
+            opts.metadata_store,
+            opts.procedure,
         )
         .await
         .context(StartFrontendSnafu)?;
@@ -907,7 +911,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4000".to_string(), fe_opts.http.addr);
         assert_eq!(Duration::from_secs(33), fe_opts.http.timeout);
         assert_eq!(ReadableSize::mb(128), fe_opts.http.body_limit);
-        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4001".to_string(), fe_opts.grpc.addr);
+        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4001".to_string(), fe_opts.grpc.bind_addr);
         assert!(fe_opts.mysql.enable);
         assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:4002", fe_opts.mysql.addr);
         assert_eq!(2, fe_opts.mysql.runtime_size);
@@ -1037,7 +1041,7 @@ mod tests {
                 assert_eq!(ReadableSize::mb(64), fe_opts.http.body_limit);
 
                 // Should be default value.
-                assert_eq!(fe_opts.grpc.addr, GrpcOptions::default().addr);
+                assert_eq!(fe_opts.grpc.bind_addr, GrpcOptions::default().bind_addr);
             },
         );
     }

src/cmd/tests/cli.rs

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ mod tests {
             .args([
                 "datanode",
                 "start",
-                "--rpc-addr=0.0.0.0:4321",
+                "--rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:4321",
                 "--node-id=1",
                 &format!("--data-home={}", data_home.path().display()),
                 &format!("--wal-dir={}", wal_dir.path().display()),
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ mod tests {
             "--log-level=off",
             "cli",
             "attach",
-            "--grpc-addr=0.0.0.0:4321",
+            "--grpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:4321",
             // history commands can sneaky into stdout and mess up our tests, so disable it
             "--disable-helper",
         ]);

src/cmd/tests/load_config_test.rs

@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use cmd::options::GreptimeOptions;
 use cmd::standalone::StandaloneOptions;
 use common_config::Configurable;
-use common_grpc::channel_manager::{
-    DEFAULT_MAX_GRPC_RECV_MESSAGE_SIZE, DEFAULT_MAX_GRPC_SEND_MESSAGE_SIZE,
-};
 use common_options::datanode::{ClientOptions, DatanodeClientOptions};
 use common_telemetry::logging::{LoggingOptions, SlowQueryOptions, DEFAULT_OTLP_ENDPOINT};
 use common_wal::config::raft_engine::RaftEngineConfig;
@@ -91,13 +88,8 @@ fn test_load_datanode_example_config() {
                 ..Default::default()
             },
             grpc: GrpcOptions::default()
-                .with_addr("127.0.0.1:3001")
-                .with_hostname("127.0.0.1:3001"),
-            rpc_addr: Some("127.0.0.1:3001".to_string()),
-            rpc_hostname: Some("127.0.0.1".to_string()),
-            rpc_runtime_size: Some(8),
-            rpc_max_recv_message_size: Some(DEFAULT_MAX_GRPC_RECV_MESSAGE_SIZE),
-            rpc_max_send_message_size: Some(DEFAULT_MAX_GRPC_SEND_MESSAGE_SIZE),
+                .with_bind_addr("127.0.0.1:3001")
+                .with_server_addr("127.0.0.1:3001"),
             ..Default::default()
         },
         ..Default::default()
@@ -144,7 +136,9 @@ fn test_load_frontend_example_config() {
                 remote_write: Some(Default::default()),
                 ..Default::default()
             },
-            grpc: GrpcOptions::default().with_hostname("127.0.0.1:4001"),
+            grpc: GrpcOptions::default()
+                .with_bind_addr("127.0.0.1:4001")
+                .with_server_addr("127.0.0.1:4001"),
             http: HttpOptions {
                 cors_allowed_origins: vec!["https://example.com".to_string()],
                 ..Default::default()

src/common/base/Cargo.toml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ bytes.workspace = true
 common-error.workspace = true
 common-macro.workspace = true
 futures.workspace = true
-paste = "1.0"
+paste.workspace = true
 pin-project.workspace = true
 rand.workspace = true
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }

src/common/catalog/src/consts.rs

@@ -130,3 +130,10 @@ pub const SEMANTIC_TYPE_TIME_INDEX: &str = "TIMESTAMP";
 pub fn is_readonly_schema(schema: &str) -> bool {
     matches!(schema, INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME)
 }
+
+// ---- special table and fields ----
+pub const TRACE_ID_COLUMN: &str = "trace_id";
+pub const SPAN_ID_COLUMN: &str = "span_id";
+pub const SPAN_NAME_COLUMN: &str = "span_name";
+pub const PARENT_SPAN_ID_COLUMN: &str = "parent_span_id";
+// ---- End of special table and fields ----

src/common/config/Cargo.toml

@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@ common-base.workspace = true
 common-error.workspace = true
 common-macro.workspace = true
 config.workspace = true
+humantime-serde.workspace = true
 num_cpus.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
+serde_with.workspace = true
 snafu.workspace = true
 sysinfo.workspace = true
 toml.workspace = true

src/common/config/src/lib.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ pub mod config;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod utils;
 
+use std::time::Duration;
+
 use common_base::readable_size::ReadableSize;
 pub use config::*;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -34,22 +36,27 @@ pub enum Mode {
     Distributed,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct KvBackendConfig {
-    // Kv file size in bytes
+    /// The size of the metadata store backend log file.
     pub file_size: ReadableSize,
-    // Kv purge threshold in bytes
+    /// The threshold of the metadata store size to trigger a purge.
     pub purge_threshold: ReadableSize,
+    /// The interval of the metadata store to trigger a purge.
+    #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
+    pub purge_interval: Duration,
 }
 
 impl Default for KvBackendConfig {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
-            // log file size 256MB
-            file_size: ReadableSize::mb(256),
-            // purge threshold 4GB
-            purge_threshold: ReadableSize::gb(4),
+            // The log file size 64MB
+            file_size: ReadableSize::mb(64),
+            // The log purge threshold 256MB
+            purge_threshold: ReadableSize::mb(256),
+            // The log purge interval 1m
+            purge_interval: Duration::from_secs(60),
         }
     }
 }

src/common/datasource/Cargo.toml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ orc-rust = { version = "0.5", default-features = false, features = [
     "async",
 ] }
 parquet.workspace = true
-paste = "1.0"
+paste.workspace = true
 rand.workspace = true
 regex = "1.7"
 serde.workspace = true

src/common/function/Cargo.toml

@@ -12,9 +12,12 @@ default = ["geo"]
 geo = ["geohash", "h3o", "s2", "wkt", "geo-types", "dep:geo"]
 
 [dependencies]
+ahash = "0.8"
 api.workspace = true
 arc-swap = "1.0"
 async-trait.workspace = true
+bincode = "1.3"
+chrono.workspace = true
 common-base.workspace = true
 common-catalog.workspace = true
 common-error.workspace = true
@@ -26,18 +29,21 @@ common-telemetry.workspace = true
 common-time.workspace = true
 common-version.workspace = true
 datafusion.workspace = true
+datafusion-common.workspace = true
+datafusion-expr.workspace = true
 datatypes.workspace = true
 derive_more = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["display"] }
 geo = { version = "0.29", optional = true }
 geo-types = { version = "0.7", optional = true }
 geohash = { version = "0.13", optional = true }
 h3o = { version = "0.6", optional = true }
+hyperloglogplus = "0.4"
 jsonb.workspace = true
 nalgebra.workspace = true
 num = "0.4"
 num-traits = "0.2"
 once_cell.workspace = true
-paste = "1.0"
+paste.workspace = true
 s2 = { version = "0.0.12", optional = true }
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
@@ -47,6 +53,7 @@ sql.workspace = true
 statrs = "0.16"
 store-api.workspace = true
 table.workspace = true
+uddsketch = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/timescaledb-toolkit.git", rev = "84828fe8fb494a6a61412a3da96517fc80f7bb20" }
 wkt = { version = "0.11", optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]

src/common/function/src/admin.rs

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ use crate::flush_flow::FlushFlowFunction;
 use crate::function_registry::FunctionRegistry;
 
 /// Table functions
-pub(crate) struct TableFunction;
+pub(crate) struct AdminFunction;
 
-impl TableFunction {
+impl AdminFunction {
     /// Register all table functions to [`FunctionRegistry`].
     pub fn register(registry: &FunctionRegistry) {
         registry.register_async(Arc::new(MigrateRegionFunction));

src/common/function/src/aggr.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+mod geo_path;
+mod hll;
+mod uddsketch_state;
+
+pub use geo_path::{GeoPathAccumulator, GEO_PATH_NAME};
+pub(crate) use hll::HllStateType;
+pub use hll::{HllState, HLL_MERGE_NAME, HLL_NAME};
+pub use uddsketch_state::{UddSketchState, UDDSKETCH_STATE_NAME};

src/common/function/src/aggr/geo_path.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use datafusion::arrow::array::{Array, ArrayRef};
+use datafusion::common::cast::as_primitive_array;
+use datafusion::error::{DataFusionError, Result as DfResult};
+use datafusion::logical_expr::{Accumulator as DfAccumulator, AggregateUDF, Volatility};
+use datafusion::prelude::create_udaf;
+use datafusion_common::cast::{as_list_array, as_struct_array};
+use datafusion_common::utils::SingleRowListArrayBuilder;
+use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
+use datatypes::arrow::array::{Float64Array, Int64Array, ListArray, StructArray};
+use datatypes::arrow::datatypes::{
+    DataType, Field, Float64Type, Int64Type, TimeUnit, TimestampNanosecondType,
+};
+use datatypes::compute::{self, sort_to_indices};
+
+pub const GEO_PATH_NAME: &str = "geo_path";
+
+const LATITUDE_FIELD: &str = "lat";
+const LONGITUDE_FIELD: &str = "lng";
+const TIMESTAMP_FIELD: &str = "timestamp";
+const DEFAULT_LIST_FIELD_NAME: &str = "item";
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct GeoPathAccumulator {
+    lat: Vec<Option<f64>>,
+    lng: Vec<Option<f64>>,
+    timestamp: Vec<Option<i64>>,
+}
+
+impl GeoPathAccumulator {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+
+    pub fn udf_impl() -> AggregateUDF {
+        create_udaf(
+            GEO_PATH_NAME,
+            // Input types: lat, lng, timestamp
+            vec![
+                DataType::Float64,
+                DataType::Float64,
+                DataType::Timestamp(TimeUnit::Nanosecond, None),
+            ],
+            // Output type: list of points {[lat], [lng]}
+            Arc::new(DataType::Struct(
+                vec![
+                    Field::new(
+                        LATITUDE_FIELD,
+                        DataType::List(Arc::new(Field::new(
+                            DEFAULT_LIST_FIELD_NAME,
+                            DataType::Float64,
+                            true,
+                        ))),
+                        false,
+                    ),
+                    Field::new(
+                        LONGITUDE_FIELD,
+                        DataType::List(Arc::new(Field::new(
+                            DEFAULT_LIST_FIELD_NAME,
+                            DataType::Float64,
+                            true,
+                        ))),
+                        false,
+                    ),
+                ]
+                .into(),
+            )),
+            Volatility::Immutable,
+            // Create the accumulator
+            Arc::new(|_| Ok(Box::new(GeoPathAccumulator::new()))),
+            // Intermediate state types
+            Arc::new(vec![DataType::Struct(
+                vec![
+                    Field::new(
+                        LATITUDE_FIELD,
+                        DataType::List(Arc::new(Field::new(
+                            DEFAULT_LIST_FIELD_NAME,
+                            DataType::Float64,
+                            true,
+                        ))),
+                        false,
+                    ),
+                    Field::new(
+                        LONGITUDE_FIELD,
+                        DataType::List(Arc::new(Field::new(
+                            DEFAULT_LIST_FIELD_NAME,
+                            DataType::Float64,
+                            true,
+                        ))),
+                        false,
+                    ),
+                    Field::new(
+                        TIMESTAMP_FIELD,
+                        DataType::List(Arc::new(Field::new(
+                            DEFAULT_LIST_FIELD_NAME,
+                            DataType::Int64,
+                            true,
+                        ))),
+                        false,
+                    ),
+                ]
+                .into(),
+            )]),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl DfAccumulator for GeoPathAccumulator {
+    fn update_batch(&mut self, values: &[ArrayRef]) -> datafusion::error::Result<()> {
+        if values.len() != 3 {
+            return Err(DataFusionError::Internal(format!(
+                "Expected 3 columns for geo_path, got {}",
+                values.len()
+            )));
+        }
+
+        let lat_array = as_primitive_array::<Float64Type>(&values[0])?;
+        let lng_array = as_primitive_array::<Float64Type>(&values[1])?;
+        let ts_array = as_primitive_array::<TimestampNanosecondType>(&values[2])?;
+
+        let size = lat_array.len();
+        self.lat.reserve(size);
+        self.lng.reserve(size);
+
+        for idx in 0..size {
+            self.lat.push(if lat_array.is_null(idx) {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(lat_array.value(idx))
+            });
+
+            self.lng.push(if lng_array.is_null(idx) {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(lng_array.value(idx))
+            });
+
+            self.timestamp.push(if ts_array.is_null(idx) {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(ts_array.value(idx))
+            });
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn evaluate(&mut self) -> DfResult<ScalarValue> {
+        let unordered_lng_array = Float64Array::from(self.lng.clone());
+        let unordered_lat_array = Float64Array::from(self.lat.clone());
+        let ts_array = Int64Array::from(self.timestamp.clone());
+
+        let ordered_indices = sort_to_indices(&ts_array, None, None)?;
+        let lat_array = compute::take(&unordered_lat_array, &ordered_indices, None)?;
+        let lng_array = compute::take(&unordered_lng_array, &ordered_indices, None)?;
+
+        let lat_list = Arc::new(SingleRowListArrayBuilder::new(lat_array).build_list_array());
+        let lng_list = Arc::new(SingleRowListArrayBuilder::new(lng_array).build_list_array());
+
+        let result = ScalarValue::Struct(Arc::new(StructArray::new(
+            vec![
+                Field::new(
+                    LATITUDE_FIELD,
+                    DataType::List(Arc::new(Field::new("item", DataType::Float64, true))),
+                    false,
+                ),
+                Field::new(
+                    LONGITUDE_FIELD,
+                    DataType::List(Arc::new(Field::new("item", DataType::Float64, true))),
+                    false,
+                ),
+            ]
+            .into(),
+            vec![lat_list, lng_list],
+            None,
+        )));
+
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    fn size(&self) -> usize {
+        // Base size of GeoPathAccumulator struct fields
+        let mut total_size = std::mem::size_of::<Self>();
+
+        // Size of vectors (approximation)
+        total_size += self.lat.capacity() * std::mem::size_of::<Option<f64>>();
+        total_size += self.lng.capacity() * std::mem::size_of::<Option<f64>>();
+        total_size += self.timestamp.capacity() * std::mem::size_of::<Option<i64>>();
+
+        total_size
+    }
+
+    fn state(&mut self) -> datafusion::error::Result<Vec<ScalarValue>> {
+        let lat_array = Arc::new(ListArray::from_iter_primitive::<Float64Type, _, _>(vec![
+            Some(self.lat.clone()),
+        ]));
+        let lng_array = Arc::new(ListArray::from_iter_primitive::<Float64Type, _, _>(vec![
+            Some(self.lng.clone()),
+        ]));
+        let ts_array = Arc::new(ListArray::from_iter_primitive::<Int64Type, _, _>(vec![
+            Some(self.timestamp.clone()),
+        ]));
+
+        let state_struct = StructArray::new(
+            vec![
+                Field::new(
+                    LATITUDE_FIELD,
+                    DataType::List(Arc::new(Field::new("item", DataType::Float64, true))),
+                    false,
+                ),
+                Field::new(
+                    LONGITUDE_FIELD,
+                    DataType::List(Arc::new(Field::new("item", DataType::Float64, true))),
+                    false,
+                ),
+                Field::new(
+                    TIMESTAMP_FIELD,
+                    DataType::List(Arc::new(Field::new("item", DataType::Int64, true))),
+                    false,
+                ),
+            ]
+            .into(),
+            vec![lat_array, lng_array, ts_array],
+            None,
+        );
+
+        Ok(vec![ScalarValue::Struct(Arc::new(state_struct))])
+    }
+
+    fn merge_batch(&mut self, states: &[ArrayRef]) -> datafusion::error::Result<()> {
+        if states.len() != 1 {
+            return Err(DataFusionError::Internal(format!(
+                "Expected 1 states for geo_path, got {}",
+                states.len()
+            )));
+        }
+
+        for state in states {
+            let state = as_struct_array(state)?;
+            let lat_list = as_list_array(state.column(0))?.value(0);
+            let lat_array = as_primitive_array::<Float64Type>(&lat_list)?;
+            let lng_list = as_list_array(state.column(1))?.value(0);
+            let lng_array = as_primitive_array::<Float64Type>(&lng_list)?;
+            let ts_list = as_list_array(state.column(2))?.value(0);
+            let ts_array = as_primitive_array::<Int64Type>(&ts_list)?;
+
+            self.lat.extend(lat_array);
+            self.lng.extend(lng_array);
+            self.timestamp.extend(ts_array);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use datafusion::arrow::array::{Float64Array, TimestampNanosecondArray};
+    use datafusion::scalar::ScalarValue;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_geo_path_basic() {
+        let mut accumulator = GeoPathAccumulator::new();
+
+        // Create test data
+        let lat_array = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0]));
+        let lng_array = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![4.0, 5.0, 6.0]));
+        let ts_array = Arc::new(TimestampNanosecondArray::from(vec![100, 200, 300]));
+
+        // Update batch
+        accumulator
+            .update_batch(&[lat_array, lng_array, ts_array])
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Evaluate
+        let result = accumulator.evaluate().unwrap();
+        if let ScalarValue::Struct(struct_array) = result {
+            // Verify structure
+            let fields = struct_array.fields().clone();
+            assert_eq!(fields.len(), 2);
+            assert_eq!(fields[0].name(), LATITUDE_FIELD);
+            assert_eq!(fields[1].name(), LONGITUDE_FIELD);
+
+            // Verify data
+            let columns = struct_array.columns();
+            assert_eq!(columns.len(), 2);
+
+            // Check latitude values
+            let lat_list = as_list_array(&columns[0]).unwrap().value(0);
+            let lat_array = as_primitive_array::<Float64Type>(&lat_list).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(lat_array.len(), 3);
+            assert_eq!(lat_array.value(0), 1.0);
+            assert_eq!(lat_array.value(1), 2.0);
+            assert_eq!(lat_array.value(2), 3.0);
+
+            // Check longitude values
+            let lng_list = as_list_array(&columns[1]).unwrap().value(0);
+            let lng_array = as_primitive_array::<Float64Type>(&lng_list).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(lng_array.len(), 3);
+            assert_eq!(lng_array.value(0), 4.0);
+            assert_eq!(lng_array.value(1), 5.0);
+            assert_eq!(lng_array.value(2), 6.0);
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected Struct scalar value");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_geo_path_sort_by_timestamp() {
+        let mut accumulator = GeoPathAccumulator::new();
+
+        // Create test data with unordered timestamps
+        let lat_array = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0]));
+        let lng_array = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![4.0, 5.0, 6.0]));
+        let ts_array = Arc::new(TimestampNanosecondArray::from(vec![300, 100, 200]));
+
+        // Update batch
+        accumulator
+            .update_batch(&[lat_array, lng_array, ts_array])
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Evaluate
+        let result = accumulator.evaluate().unwrap();
+        if let ScalarValue::Struct(struct_array) = result {
+            // Extract arrays
+            let columns = struct_array.columns();
+
+            // Check latitude values
+            let lat_list = as_list_array(&columns[0]).unwrap().value(0);
+            let lat_array = as_primitive_array::<Float64Type>(&lat_list).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(lat_array.len(), 3);
+            assert_eq!(lat_array.value(0), 2.0); // timestamp 100
+            assert_eq!(lat_array.value(1), 3.0); // timestamp 200
+            assert_eq!(lat_array.value(2), 1.0); // timestamp 300
+
+            // Check longitude values (should be sorted by timestamp)
+            let lng_list = as_list_array(&columns[1]).unwrap().value(0);
+            let lng_array = as_primitive_array::<Float64Type>(&lng_list).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(lng_array.len(), 3);
+            assert_eq!(lng_array.value(0), 5.0); // timestamp 100
+            assert_eq!(lng_array.value(1), 6.0); // timestamp 200
+            assert_eq!(lng_array.value(2), 4.0); // timestamp 300
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected Struct scalar value");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_geo_path_merge() {
+        let mut accumulator1 = GeoPathAccumulator::new();
+        let mut accumulator2 = GeoPathAccumulator::new();
+
+        // Create test data for first accumulator
+        let lat_array1 = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![1.0]));
+        let lng_array1 = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![4.0]));
+        let ts_array1 = Arc::new(TimestampNanosecondArray::from(vec![100]));
+
+        // Create test data for second accumulator
+        let lat_array2 = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![2.0]));
+        let lng_array2 = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![5.0]));
+        let ts_array2 = Arc::new(TimestampNanosecondArray::from(vec![200]));
+
+        // Update batches
+        accumulator1
+            .update_batch(&[lat_array1, lng_array1, ts_array1])
+            .unwrap();
+        accumulator2
+            .update_batch(&[lat_array2, lng_array2, ts_array2])
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Get states
+        let state1 = accumulator1.state().unwrap();
+        let state2 = accumulator2.state().unwrap();
+
+        // Create a merged accumulator
+        let mut merged = GeoPathAccumulator::new();
+
+        // Extract the struct arrays from the states
+        let state_array1 = match &state1[0] {
+            ScalarValue::Struct(array) => array.clone(),
+            _ => panic!("Expected Struct scalar value"),
+        };
+
+        let state_array2 = match &state2[0] {
+            ScalarValue::Struct(array) => array.clone(),
+            _ => panic!("Expected Struct scalar value"),
+        };
+
+        // Merge state arrays
+        merged.merge_batch(&[state_array1]).unwrap();
+        merged.merge_batch(&[state_array2]).unwrap();
+
+        // Evaluate merged result
+        let result = merged.evaluate().unwrap();
+        if let ScalarValue::Struct(struct_array) = result {
+            // Extract arrays
+            let columns = struct_array.columns();
+
+            // Check latitude values
+            let lat_list = as_list_array(&columns[0]).unwrap().value(0);
+            let lat_array = as_primitive_array::<Float64Type>(&lat_list).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(lat_array.len(), 2);
+            assert_eq!(lat_array.value(0), 1.0); // timestamp 100
+            assert_eq!(lat_array.value(1), 2.0); // timestamp 200
+
+            // Check longitude values (should be sorted by timestamp)
+            let lng_list = as_list_array(&columns[1]).unwrap().value(0);
+            let lng_array = as_primitive_array::<Float64Type>(&lng_list).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(lng_array.len(), 2);
+            assert_eq!(lng_array.value(0), 4.0); // timestamp 100
+            assert_eq!(lng_array.value(1), 5.0); // timestamp 200
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected Struct scalar value");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/common/function/src/aggr/hll.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Two UDAFs are implemented for HyperLogLog:
+//!
+//! - `hll`: Accepts a string column and aggregates the values into a
+//!   HyperLogLog state.
+//! - `hll_merge`: Accepts a binary column of states generated by `hll`
+//!   and merges them into a single state.
+//!
+//! The states can be then used to estimate the cardinality of the
+//! values in the column by `hll_count` UDF.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use common_query::prelude::*;
+use common_telemetry::trace;
+use datafusion::arrow::array::ArrayRef;
+use datafusion::common::cast::{as_binary_array, as_string_array};
+use datafusion::common::not_impl_err;
+use datafusion::error::{DataFusionError, Result as DfResult};
+use datafusion::logical_expr::function::AccumulatorArgs;
+use datafusion::logical_expr::{Accumulator as DfAccumulator, AggregateUDF};
+use datafusion::prelude::create_udaf;
+use datatypes::arrow::datatypes::DataType;
+use hyperloglogplus::{HyperLogLog, HyperLogLogPlus};
+
+use crate::utils::FixedRandomState;
+
+pub const HLL_NAME: &str = "hll";
+pub const HLL_MERGE_NAME: &str = "hll_merge";
+
+const DEFAULT_PRECISION: u8 = 14;
+
+pub(crate) type HllStateType = HyperLogLogPlus<String, FixedRandomState>;
+
+pub struct HllState {
+    hll: HllStateType,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for HllState {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "HllState<Opaque>")
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for HllState {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+impl HllState {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            // Safety: the DEFAULT_PRECISION is fixed and valid
+            hll: HllStateType::new(DEFAULT_PRECISION, FixedRandomState::new()).unwrap(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create a UDF for the `hll` function.
+    ///
+    /// `hll` accepts a string column and aggregates the
+    /// values into a HyperLogLog state.
+    pub fn state_udf_impl() -> AggregateUDF {
+        create_udaf(
+            HLL_NAME,
+            vec![DataType::Utf8],
+            Arc::new(DataType::Binary),
+            Volatility::Immutable,
+            Arc::new(Self::create_accumulator),
+            Arc::new(vec![DataType::Binary]),
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Create a UDF for the `hll_merge` function.
+    ///
+    /// `hll_merge` accepts a binary column of states generated by `hll`
+    /// and merges them into a single state.
+    pub fn merge_udf_impl() -> AggregateUDF {
+        create_udaf(
+            HLL_MERGE_NAME,
+            vec![DataType::Binary],
+            Arc::new(DataType::Binary),
+            Volatility::Immutable,
+            Arc::new(Self::create_merge_accumulator),
+            Arc::new(vec![DataType::Binary]),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn update(&mut self, value: &str) {
+        self.hll.insert(value);
+    }
+
+    fn merge(&mut self, raw: &[u8]) {
+        if let Ok(serialized) = bincode::deserialize::<HllStateType>(raw) {
+            if let Ok(()) = self.hll.merge(&serialized) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        trace!("Warning: Failed to merge HyperLogLog from {:?}", raw);
+    }
+
+    fn create_accumulator(acc_args: AccumulatorArgs) -> DfResult<Box<dyn DfAccumulator>> {
+        let data_type = acc_args.exprs[0].data_type(acc_args.schema)?;
+
+        match data_type {
+            DataType::Utf8 => Ok(Box::new(HllState::new())),
+            other => not_impl_err!("{HLL_NAME} does not support data type: {other}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn create_merge_accumulator(acc_args: AccumulatorArgs) -> DfResult<Box<dyn DfAccumulator>> {
+        let data_type = acc_args.exprs[0].data_type(acc_args.schema)?;
+
+        match data_type {
+            DataType::Binary => Ok(Box::new(HllState::new())),
+            other => not_impl_err!("{HLL_MERGE_NAME} does not support data type: {other}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DfAccumulator for HllState {
+    fn update_batch(&mut self, values: &[ArrayRef]) -> DfResult<()> {
+        let array = &values[0];
+
+        match array.data_type() {
+            DataType::Utf8 => {
+                let string_array = as_string_array(array)?;
+                for value in string_array.iter().flatten() {
+                    self.update(value);
+                }
+            }
+            DataType::Binary => {
+                let binary_array = as_binary_array(array)?;
+                for v in binary_array.iter().flatten() {
+                    self.merge(v);
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {
+                return not_impl_err!(
+                    "HLL functions do not support data type: {}",
+                    array.data_type()
+                )
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn evaluate(&mut self) -> DfResult<ScalarValue> {
+        Ok(ScalarValue::Binary(Some(
+            bincode::serialize(&self.hll).map_err(|e| {
+                DataFusionError::Internal(format!("Failed to serialize HyperLogLog: {}", e))
+            })?,
+        )))
+    }
+
+    fn size(&self) -> usize {
+        std::mem::size_of_val(&self.hll)
+    }
+
+    fn state(&mut self) -> DfResult<Vec<ScalarValue>> {
+        Ok(vec![ScalarValue::Binary(Some(
+            bincode::serialize(&self.hll).map_err(|e| {
+                DataFusionError::Internal(format!("Failed to serialize HyperLogLog: {}", e))
+            })?,
+        ))])
+    }
+
+    fn merge_batch(&mut self, states: &[ArrayRef]) -> DfResult<()> {
+        let array = &states[0];
+        let binary_array = as_binary_array(array)?;
+        for v in binary_array.iter().flatten() {
+            self.merge(v);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use datafusion::arrow::array::{BinaryArray, StringArray};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_hll_basic() {
+        let mut state = HllState::new();
+        state.update("1");
+        state.update("2");
+        state.update("3");
+
+        let result = state.evaluate().unwrap();
+        if let ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes)) = result {
+            let mut hll: HllStateType = bincode::deserialize(&bytes).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(hll.count().trunc() as u32, 3);
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected binary scalar value");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_hll_roundtrip() {
+        let mut state = HllState::new();
+        state.update("1");
+        state.update("2");
+
+        // Serialize
+        let serialized = state.evaluate().unwrap();
+
+        // Create new state and merge the serialized data
+        let mut new_state = HllState::new();
+        if let ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes)) = &serialized {
+            new_state.merge(bytes);
+
+            // Verify the merged state matches original
+            let result = new_state.evaluate().unwrap();
+            if let ScalarValue::Binary(Some(new_bytes)) = result {
+                let mut original: HllStateType = bincode::deserialize(bytes).unwrap();
+                let mut merged: HllStateType = bincode::deserialize(&new_bytes).unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(original.count(), merged.count());
+            } else {
+                panic!("Expected binary scalar value");
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected binary scalar value");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_hll_batch_update() {
+        let mut state = HllState::new();
+
+        // Test string values
+        let str_values = vec!["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i"];
+        let str_array = Arc::new(StringArray::from(str_values)) as ArrayRef;
+        state.update_batch(&[str_array]).unwrap();
+
+        let result = state.evaluate().unwrap();
+        if let ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes)) = result {
+            let mut hll: HllStateType = bincode::deserialize(&bytes).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(hll.count().trunc() as u32, 9);
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected binary scalar value");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_hll_merge_batch() {
+        let mut state1 = HllState::new();
+        state1.update("1");
+        let state1_binary = state1.evaluate().unwrap();
+
+        let mut state2 = HllState::new();
+        state2.update("2");
+        let state2_binary = state2.evaluate().unwrap();
+
+        let mut merged_state = HllState::new();
+        if let (ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes1)), ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes2))) =
+            (&state1_binary, &state2_binary)
+        {
+            let binary_array = Arc::new(BinaryArray::from(vec![
+                bytes1.as_slice(),
+                bytes2.as_slice(),
+            ])) as ArrayRef;
+            merged_state.merge_batch(&[binary_array]).unwrap();
+
+            let result = merged_state.evaluate().unwrap();
+            if let ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes)) = result {
+                let mut hll: HllStateType = bincode::deserialize(&bytes).unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(hll.count().trunc() as u32, 2);
+            } else {
+                panic!("Expected binary scalar value");
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected binary scalar values");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_hll_merge_function() {
+        // Create two HLL states with different values
+        let mut state1 = HllState::new();
+        state1.update("1");
+        state1.update("2");
+        let state1_binary = state1.evaluate().unwrap();
+
+        let mut state2 = HllState::new();
+        state2.update("2");
+        state2.update("3");
+        let state2_binary = state2.evaluate().unwrap();
+
+        // Create a merge state and merge both states
+        let mut merge_state = HllState::new();
+        if let (ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes1)), ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes2))) =
+            (&state1_binary, &state2_binary)
+        {
+            let binary_array = Arc::new(BinaryArray::from(vec![
+                bytes1.as_slice(),
+                bytes2.as_slice(),
+            ])) as ArrayRef;
+            merge_state.update_batch(&[binary_array]).unwrap();
+
+            let result = merge_state.evaluate().unwrap();
+            if let ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes)) = result {
+                let mut hll: HllStateType = bincode::deserialize(&bytes).unwrap();
+                // Should have 3 unique values: "1", "2", "3"
+                assert_eq!(hll.count().trunc() as u32, 3);
+            } else {
+                panic!("Expected binary scalar value");
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected binary scalar values");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/common/function/src/aggr/uddsketch_state.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Implementation of the `uddsketch_state` UDAF that generate the state of
+//! UDDSketch for a given set of values.
+//!
+//! The generated state can be used to compute approximate quantiles using
+//! `uddsketch_calc` UDF.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use common_query::prelude::*;
+use common_telemetry::trace;
+use datafusion::common::cast::{as_binary_array, as_primitive_array};
+use datafusion::common::not_impl_err;
+use datafusion::error::{DataFusionError, Result as DfResult};
+use datafusion::logical_expr::function::AccumulatorArgs;
+use datafusion::logical_expr::{Accumulator as DfAccumulator, AggregateUDF};
+use datafusion::physical_plan::expressions::Literal;
+use datafusion::prelude::create_udaf;
+use datatypes::arrow::array::ArrayRef;
+use datatypes::arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Float64Type};
+use uddsketch::{SketchHashKey, UDDSketch};
+
+pub const UDDSKETCH_STATE_NAME: &str = "uddsketch_state";
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct UddSketchState {
+    uddsketch: UDDSketch,
+}
+
+impl UddSketchState {
+    pub fn new(bucket_size: u64, error_rate: f64) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            uddsketch: UDDSketch::new(bucket_size, error_rate),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn udf_impl() -> AggregateUDF {
+        create_udaf(
+            UDDSKETCH_STATE_NAME,
+            vec![DataType::Int64, DataType::Float64, DataType::Float64],
+            Arc::new(DataType::Binary),
+            Volatility::Immutable,
+            Arc::new(|args| {
+                let (bucket_size, error_rate) = downcast_accumulator_args(args)?;
+                Ok(Box::new(UddSketchState::new(bucket_size, error_rate)))
+            }),
+            Arc::new(vec![DataType::Binary]),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn update(&mut self, value: f64) {
+        self.uddsketch.add_value(value);
+    }
+
+    fn merge(&mut self, raw: &[u8]) {
+        if let Ok(uddsketch) = bincode::deserialize::<UDDSketch>(raw) {
+            if uddsketch.count() != 0 {
+                self.uddsketch.merge_sketch(&uddsketch);
+            }
+        } else {
+            trace!("Warning: Failed to deserialize UDDSketch from {:?}", raw);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn downcast_accumulator_args(args: AccumulatorArgs) -> DfResult<(u64, f64)> {
+    let bucket_size = match args.exprs[0]
+        .as_any()
+        .downcast_ref::<Literal>()
+        .map(|lit| lit.value())
+    {
+        Some(ScalarValue::Int64(Some(value))) => *value as u64,
+        _ => {
+            return not_impl_err!(
+                "{} not supported for bucket size: {}",
+                UDDSKETCH_STATE_NAME,
+                &args.exprs[0]
+            )
+        }
+    };
+
+    let error_rate = match args.exprs[1]
+        .as_any()
+        .downcast_ref::<Literal>()
+        .map(|lit| lit.value())
+    {
+        Some(ScalarValue::Float64(Some(value))) => *value,
+        _ => {
+            return not_impl_err!(
+                "{} not supported for error rate: {}",
+                UDDSKETCH_STATE_NAME,
+                &args.exprs[1]
+            )
+        }
+    };
+
+    Ok((bucket_size, error_rate))
+}
+
+impl DfAccumulator for UddSketchState {
+    fn update_batch(&mut self, values: &[ArrayRef]) -> DfResult<()> {
+        let array = &values[2]; // the third column is data value
+        let f64_array = as_primitive_array::<Float64Type>(array)?;
+        for v in f64_array.iter().flatten() {
+            self.update(v);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn evaluate(&mut self) -> DfResult<ScalarValue> {
+        Ok(ScalarValue::Binary(Some(
+            bincode::serialize(&self.uddsketch).map_err(|e| {
+                DataFusionError::Internal(format!("Failed to serialize UDDSketch: {}", e))
+            })?,
+        )))
+    }
+
+    fn size(&self) -> usize {
+        // Base size of UDDSketch struct fields
+        let mut total_size = std::mem::size_of::<f64>() * 3 + // alpha, gamma, values_sum
+                            std::mem::size_of::<u32>() +      // compactions
+                            std::mem::size_of::<u64>() * 2; // max_buckets, num_values
+
+        // Size of buckets (SketchHashMap)
+        // Each bucket entry contains:
+        // - SketchHashKey (enum with i64/Zero/Invalid variants)
+        // - SketchHashEntry (count: u64, next: SketchHashKey)
+        let bucket_entry_size = std::mem::size_of::<SketchHashKey>() + // key
+                               std::mem::size_of::<u64>() +            // count
+                               std::mem::size_of::<SketchHashKey>(); // next
+
+        total_size += self.uddsketch.current_buckets_count() * bucket_entry_size;
+
+        total_size
+    }
+
+    fn state(&mut self) -> DfResult<Vec<ScalarValue>> {
+        Ok(vec![ScalarValue::Binary(Some(
+            bincode::serialize(&self.uddsketch).map_err(|e| {
+                DataFusionError::Internal(format!("Failed to serialize UDDSketch: {}", e))
+            })?,
+        ))])
+    }
+
+    fn merge_batch(&mut self, states: &[ArrayRef]) -> DfResult<()> {
+        let array = &states[0];
+        let binary_array = as_binary_array(array)?;
+        for v in binary_array.iter().flatten() {
+            self.merge(v);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use datafusion::arrow::array::{BinaryArray, Float64Array};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_uddsketch_state_basic() {
+        let mut state = UddSketchState::new(10, 0.01);
+        state.update(1.0);
+        state.update(2.0);
+        state.update(3.0);
+
+        let result = state.evaluate().unwrap();
+        if let ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes)) = result {
+            let deserialized: UDDSketch = bincode::deserialize(&bytes).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(deserialized.count(), 3);
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected binary scalar value");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_uddsketch_state_roundtrip() {
+        let mut state = UddSketchState::new(10, 0.01);
+        state.update(1.0);
+        state.update(2.0);
+
+        // Serialize
+        let serialized = state.evaluate().unwrap();
+
+        // Create new state and merge the serialized data
+        let mut new_state = UddSketchState::new(10, 0.01);
+        if let ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes)) = &serialized {
+            new_state.merge(bytes);
+
+            // Verify the merged state matches original by comparing deserialized values
+            let original_sketch: UDDSketch = bincode::deserialize(bytes).unwrap();
+            let new_result = new_state.evaluate().unwrap();
+            if let ScalarValue::Binary(Some(new_bytes)) = new_result {
+                let new_sketch: UDDSketch = bincode::deserialize(&new_bytes).unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(original_sketch.count(), new_sketch.count());
+                assert_eq!(original_sketch.sum(), new_sketch.sum());
+                assert_eq!(original_sketch.mean(), new_sketch.mean());
+                assert_eq!(original_sketch.max_error(), new_sketch.max_error());
+                // Compare a few quantiles to ensure statistical equivalence
+                for q in [0.1, 0.5, 0.9].iter() {
+                    assert!(
+                        (original_sketch.estimate_quantile(*q) - new_sketch.estimate_quantile(*q))
+                            .abs()
+                            < 1e-10,
+                        "Quantile {} mismatch: original={}, new={}",
+                        q,
+                        original_sketch.estimate_quantile(*q),
+                        new_sketch.estimate_quantile(*q)
+                    );
+                }
+            } else {
+                panic!("Expected binary scalar value");
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected binary scalar value");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_uddsketch_state_batch_update() {
+        let mut state = UddSketchState::new(10, 0.01);
+        let values = vec![1.0f64, 2.0, 3.0];
+        let array = Arc::new(Float64Array::from(values)) as ArrayRef;
+
+        state
+            .update_batch(&[array.clone(), array.clone(), array])
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let result = state.evaluate().unwrap();
+        if let ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes)) = result {
+            let deserialized: UDDSketch = bincode::deserialize(&bytes).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(deserialized.count(), 3);
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected binary scalar value");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_uddsketch_state_merge_batch() {
+        let mut state1 = UddSketchState::new(10, 0.01);
+        state1.update(1.0);
+        let state1_binary = state1.evaluate().unwrap();
+
+        let mut state2 = UddSketchState::new(10, 0.01);
+        state2.update(2.0);
+        let state2_binary = state2.evaluate().unwrap();
+
+        let mut merged_state = UddSketchState::new(10, 0.01);
+        if let (ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes1)), ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes2))) =
+            (&state1_binary, &state2_binary)
+        {
+            let binary_array = Arc::new(BinaryArray::from(vec![
+                bytes1.as_slice(),
+                bytes2.as_slice(),
+            ])) as ArrayRef;
+            merged_state.merge_batch(&[binary_array]).unwrap();
+
+            let result = merged_state.evaluate().unwrap();
+            if let ScalarValue::Binary(Some(bytes)) = result {
+                let deserialized: UDDSketch = bincode::deserialize(&bytes).unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(deserialized.count(), 2);
+            } else {
+                panic!("Expected binary scalar value");
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected binary scalar values");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_uddsketch_state_size() {
+        let mut state = UddSketchState::new(10, 0.01);
+        let initial_size = state.size();
+
+        // Add some values to create buckets
+        state.update(1.0);
+        state.update(2.0);
+        state.update(3.0);
+
+        let size_with_values = state.size();
+        assert!(
+            size_with_values > initial_size,
+            "Size should increase after adding values: initial={}, with_values={}",
+            initial_size,
+            size_with_values
+        );
+
+        // Verify size increases with more buckets
+        state.update(10.0); // This should create a new bucket
+        assert!(
+            state.size() > size_with_values,
+            "Size should increase after adding new bucket: prev={}, new={}",
+            size_with_values,
+            state.size()
+        );
+    }
+}

src/common/function/src/function.rs

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ pub trait Function: fmt::Display + Sync + Send {
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature;
 
     /// Evaluate the function, e.g. run/execute the function.
-    fn eval(&self, _func_ctx: FunctionContext, _columns: &[VectorRef]) -> Result<VectorRef>;
+    fn eval(&self, ctx: &FunctionContext, columns: &[VectorRef]) -> Result<VectorRef>;
 }
 
 pub type FunctionRef = Arc<dyn Function>;

src/common/function/src/function_registry.rs

@@ -18,17 +18,20 @@ use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
 
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 
+use crate::admin::AdminFunction;
 use crate::function::{AsyncFunctionRef, FunctionRef};
 use crate::scalars::aggregate::{AggregateFunctionMetaRef, AggregateFunctions};
 use crate::scalars::date::DateFunction;
 use crate::scalars::expression::ExpressionFunction;
+use crate::scalars::hll_count::HllCalcFunction;
+use crate::scalars::ip::IpFunctions;
 use crate::scalars::json::JsonFunction;
 use crate::scalars::matches::MatchesFunction;
 use crate::scalars::math::MathFunction;
 use crate::scalars::timestamp::TimestampFunction;
+use crate::scalars::uddsketch_calc::UddSketchCalcFunction;
 use crate::scalars::vector::VectorFunction;
 use crate::system::SystemFunction;
-use crate::table::TableFunction;
 
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct FunctionRegistry {
@@ -105,6 +108,8 @@ pub static FUNCTION_REGISTRY: Lazy<Arc<FunctionRegistry>> = Lazy::new(|| {
     TimestampFunction::register(&function_registry);
     DateFunction::register(&function_registry);
     ExpressionFunction::register(&function_registry);
+    UddSketchCalcFunction::register(&function_registry);
+    HllCalcFunction::register(&function_registry);
 
     // Aggregate functions
     AggregateFunctions::register(&function_registry);
@@ -114,7 +119,7 @@ pub static FUNCTION_REGISTRY: Lazy<Arc<FunctionRegistry>> = Lazy::new(|| {
 
     // System and administration functions
     SystemFunction::register(&function_registry);
-    TableFunction::register(&function_registry);
+    AdminFunction::register(&function_registry);
 
     // Json related functions
     JsonFunction::register(&function_registry);
@@ -126,6 +131,9 @@ pub static FUNCTION_REGISTRY: Lazy<Arc<FunctionRegistry>> = Lazy::new(|| {
     #[cfg(feature = "geo")]
     crate::scalars::geo::GeoFunctions::register(&function_registry);
 
+    // Ip functions
+    IpFunctions::register(&function_registry);
+
     Arc::new(function_registry)
 });
 

src/common/function/src/lib.rs

@@ -15,12 +15,13 @@
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 #![feature(try_blocks)]
 
+mod admin;
 mod flush_flow;
 mod macros;
 pub mod scalars;
 mod system;
-mod table;
 
+pub mod aggr;
 pub mod function;
 pub mod function_registry;
 pub mod handlers;

src/common/function/src/scalars.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,10 @@ pub mod matches;
 pub mod math;
 pub mod vector;
 
+pub(crate) mod hll_count;
+pub mod ip;
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub(crate) mod test;
 pub(crate) mod timestamp;
+pub(crate) mod uddsketch_calc;
 pub mod udf;

src/common/function/src/scalars/aggregate.rs

@@ -12,24 +12,16 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-mod argmax;
-mod argmin;
-mod diff;
-mod mean;
-mod polyval;
-mod scipy_stats_norm_cdf;
-mod scipy_stats_norm_pdf;
+//! # Deprecate Warning:
+//!
+//! This module is deprecated and will be removed in the future.
+//! All UDAF implementation here are not maintained and should
+//! not be used before they are refactored into the `src/aggr`
+//! version.
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-pub use argmax::ArgmaxAccumulatorCreator;
-pub use argmin::ArgminAccumulatorCreator;
 use common_query::logical_plan::AggregateFunctionCreatorRef;
-pub use diff::DiffAccumulatorCreator;
-pub use mean::MeanAccumulatorCreator;
-pub use polyval::PolyvalAccumulatorCreator;
-pub use scipy_stats_norm_cdf::ScipyStatsNormCdfAccumulatorCreator;
-pub use scipy_stats_norm_pdf::ScipyStatsNormPdfAccumulatorCreator;
 
 use crate::function_registry::FunctionRegistry;
 use crate::scalars::vector::product::VectorProductCreator;
@@ -76,31 +68,22 @@ pub(crate) struct AggregateFunctions;
 
 impl AggregateFunctions {
     pub fn register(registry: &FunctionRegistry) {
-        macro_rules! register_aggr_func {
-            ($name :expr, $arg_count :expr, $creator :ty) => {
-                registry.register_aggregate_function(Arc::new(AggregateFunctionMeta::new(
-                    $name,
-                    $arg_count,
-                    Arc::new(|| Arc::new(<$creator>::default())),
-                )));
-            };
-        }
-
-        register_aggr_func!("diff", 1, DiffAccumulatorCreator);
-        register_aggr_func!("mean", 1, MeanAccumulatorCreator);
-        register_aggr_func!("polyval", 2, PolyvalAccumulatorCreator);
-        register_aggr_func!("argmax", 1, ArgmaxAccumulatorCreator);
-        register_aggr_func!("argmin", 1, ArgminAccumulatorCreator);
-        register_aggr_func!("scipystatsnormcdf", 2, ScipyStatsNormCdfAccumulatorCreator);
-        register_aggr_func!("scipystatsnormpdf", 2, ScipyStatsNormPdfAccumulatorCreator);
-        register_aggr_func!("vec_sum", 1, VectorSumCreator);
-        register_aggr_func!("vec_product", 1, VectorProductCreator);
+        registry.register_aggregate_function(Arc::new(AggregateFunctionMeta::new(
+            "vec_sum",
+            1,
+            Arc::new(|| Arc::new(VectorSumCreator::default())),
+        )));
+        registry.register_aggregate_function(Arc::new(AggregateFunctionMeta::new(
+            "vec_product",
+            1,
+            Arc::new(|| Arc::new(VectorProductCreator::default())),
+        )));
 
         #[cfg(feature = "geo")]
-        register_aggr_func!(
+        registry.register_aggregate_function(Arc::new(AggregateFunctionMeta::new(
             "json_encode_path",
             3,
-            super::geo::encoding::JsonPathEncodeFunctionCreator
-        );
+            Arc::new(|| Arc::new(super::geo::encoding::JsonPathEncodeFunctionCreator::default())),
+        )));
     }
 }

src/common/function/src/scalars/aggregate/argmax.rs

@@ -1,208 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::cmp::Ordering;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use common_macro::{as_aggr_func_creator, AggrFuncTypeStore};
-use common_query::error::{
-    BadAccumulatorImplSnafu, CreateAccumulatorSnafu, InvalidInputStateSnafu, Result,
-};
-use common_query::logical_plan::accumulator::AggrFuncTypeStore;
-use common_query::logical_plan::{Accumulator, AggregateFunctionCreator};
-use common_query::prelude::*;
-use datatypes::prelude::*;
-use datatypes::types::{LogicalPrimitiveType, WrapperType};
-use datatypes::vectors::{ConstantVector, Helper};
-use datatypes::with_match_primitive_type_id;
-use snafu::ensure;
-
-// https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.argmax.html
-// return the index of the max value
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub struct Argmax<T> {
-    max: Option<T>,
-    n: u64,
-}
-
-impl<T> Argmax<T>
-where
-    T: PartialOrd + Copy,
-{
-    fn update(&mut self, value: T, index: u64) {
-        if let Some(Ordering::Less) = self.max.partial_cmp(&Some(value)) {
-            self.max = Some(value);
-            self.n = index;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> Accumulator for Argmax<T>
-where
-    T: WrapperType + PartialOrd,
-{
-    fn state(&self) -> Result<Vec<Value>> {
-        match self.max {
-            Some(max) => Ok(vec![max.into(), self.n.into()]),
-            _ => Ok(vec![Value::Null, self.n.into()]),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn update_batch(&mut self, values: &[VectorRef]) -> Result<()> {
-        if values.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        let column = &values[0];
-        let column: &<T as Scalar>::VectorType = if column.is_const() {
-            let column: &ConstantVector = unsafe { Helper::static_cast(column) };
-            unsafe { Helper::static_cast(column.inner()) }
-        } else {
-            unsafe { Helper::static_cast(column) }
-        };
-        for (i, v) in column.iter_data().enumerate() {
-            if let Some(value) = v {
-                self.update(value, i as u64);
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn merge_batch(&mut self, states: &[VectorRef]) -> Result<()> {
-        if states.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        ensure!(
-            states.len() == 2,
-            BadAccumulatorImplSnafu {
-                err_msg: "expect 2 states in `merge_batch`",
-            }
-        );
-
-        let max = &states[0];
-        let index = &states[1];
-        let max: &<T as Scalar>::VectorType = unsafe { Helper::static_cast(max) };
-        let index: &<u64 as Scalar>::VectorType = unsafe { Helper::static_cast(index) };
-        index
-            .iter_data()
-            .flatten()
-            .zip(max.iter_data().flatten())
-            .for_each(|(i, max)| self.update(max, i));
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn evaluate(&self) -> Result<Value> {
-        match self.max {
-            Some(_) => Ok(self.n.into()),
-            _ => Ok(Value::Null),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[as_aggr_func_creator]
-#[derive(Debug, Default, AggrFuncTypeStore)]
-pub struct ArgmaxAccumulatorCreator {}
-
-impl AggregateFunctionCreator for ArgmaxAccumulatorCreator {
-    fn creator(&self) -> AccumulatorCreatorFunction {
-        let creator: AccumulatorCreatorFunction = Arc::new(move |types: &[ConcreteDataType]| {
-            let input_type = &types[0];
-            with_match_primitive_type_id!(
-                input_type.logical_type_id(),
-                |$S| {
-                    Ok(Box::new(Argmax::<<$S as LogicalPrimitiveType>::Wrapper>::default()))
-                },
-                {
-                    let err_msg = format!(
-                        "\"ARGMAX\" aggregate function not support data type {:?}",
-                        input_type.logical_type_id(),
-                    );
-                    CreateAccumulatorSnafu { err_msg }.fail()?
-                }
-            )
-        });
-        creator
-    }
-
-    fn output_type(&self) -> Result<ConcreteDataType> {
-        Ok(ConcreteDataType::uint64_datatype())
-    }
-
-    fn state_types(&self) -> Result<Vec<ConcreteDataType>> {
-        let input_types = self.input_types()?;
-
-        ensure!(input_types.len() == 1, InvalidInputStateSnafu);
-
-        Ok(vec![
-            input_types.into_iter().next().unwrap(),
-            ConcreteDataType::uint64_datatype(),
-        ])
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use datatypes::vectors::Int32Vector;
-
-    use super::*;
-    #[test]
-    fn test_update_batch() {
-        // test update empty batch, expect not updating anything
-        let mut argmax = Argmax::<i32>::default();
-        argmax.update_batch(&[]).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::Null, argmax.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update one not-null value
-        let mut argmax = Argmax::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![Some(42)]))];
-        argmax.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::from(0_u64), argmax.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update one null value
-        let mut argmax = Argmax::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![Option::<i32>::None]))];
-        argmax.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::Null, argmax.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update no null-value batch
-        let mut argmax = Argmax::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![
-            Some(-1i32),
-            Some(1),
-            Some(3),
-        ]))];
-        argmax.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::from(2_u64), argmax.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update null-value batch
-        let mut argmax = Argmax::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![
-            Some(-2i32),
-            None,
-            Some(4),
-        ]))];
-        argmax.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::from(2_u64), argmax.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update with constant vector
-        let mut argmax = Argmax::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(ConstantVector::new(
-            Arc::new(Int32Vector::from_vec(vec![4])),
-            10,
-        ))];
-        argmax.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::from(0_u64), argmax.evaluate().unwrap());
-    }
-}

src/common/function/src/scalars/aggregate/argmin.rs

@@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::cmp::Ordering;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use common_macro::{as_aggr_func_creator, AggrFuncTypeStore};
-use common_query::error::{
-    BadAccumulatorImplSnafu, CreateAccumulatorSnafu, InvalidInputStateSnafu, Result,
-};
-use common_query::logical_plan::accumulator::AggrFuncTypeStore;
-use common_query::logical_plan::{Accumulator, AggregateFunctionCreator};
-use common_query::prelude::*;
-use datatypes::prelude::*;
-use datatypes::vectors::{ConstantVector, Helper};
-use datatypes::with_match_primitive_type_id;
-use snafu::ensure;
-
-// // https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.argmin.html
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub struct Argmin<T> {
-    min: Option<T>,
-    n: u32,
-}
-
-impl<T> Argmin<T>
-where
-    T: Copy + PartialOrd,
-{
-    fn update(&mut self, value: T, index: u32) {
-        match self.min {
-            Some(min) => {
-                if let Some(Ordering::Greater) = min.partial_cmp(&value) {
-                    self.min = Some(value);
-                    self.n = index;
-                }
-            }
-            None => {
-                self.min = Some(value);
-                self.n = index;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> Accumulator for Argmin<T>
-where
-    T: WrapperType + PartialOrd,
-{
-    fn state(&self) -> Result<Vec<Value>> {
-        match self.min {
-            Some(min) => Ok(vec![min.into(), self.n.into()]),
-            _ => Ok(vec![Value::Null, self.n.into()]),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn update_batch(&mut self, values: &[VectorRef]) -> Result<()> {
-        if values.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        ensure!(values.len() == 1, InvalidInputStateSnafu);
-
-        let column = &values[0];
-        let column: &<T as Scalar>::VectorType = if column.is_const() {
-            let column: &ConstantVector = unsafe { Helper::static_cast(column) };
-            unsafe { Helper::static_cast(column.inner()) }
-        } else {
-            unsafe { Helper::static_cast(column) }
-        };
-        for (i, v) in column.iter_data().enumerate() {
-            if let Some(value) = v {
-                self.update(value, i as u32);
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn merge_batch(&mut self, states: &[VectorRef]) -> Result<()> {
-        if states.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        ensure!(
-            states.len() == 2,
-            BadAccumulatorImplSnafu {
-                err_msg: "expect 2 states in `merge_batch`",
-            }
-        );
-
-        let min = &states[0];
-        let index = &states[1];
-        let min: &<T as Scalar>::VectorType = unsafe { Helper::static_cast(min) };
-        let index: &<u32 as Scalar>::VectorType = unsafe { Helper::static_cast(index) };
-        index
-            .iter_data()
-            .flatten()
-            .zip(min.iter_data().flatten())
-            .for_each(|(i, min)| self.update(min, i));
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn evaluate(&self) -> Result<Value> {
-        match self.min {
-            Some(_) => Ok(self.n.into()),
-            _ => Ok(Value::Null),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[as_aggr_func_creator]
-#[derive(Debug, Default, AggrFuncTypeStore)]
-pub struct ArgminAccumulatorCreator {}
-
-impl AggregateFunctionCreator for ArgminAccumulatorCreator {
-    fn creator(&self) -> AccumulatorCreatorFunction {
-        let creator: AccumulatorCreatorFunction = Arc::new(move |types: &[ConcreteDataType]| {
-            let input_type = &types[0];
-            with_match_primitive_type_id!(
-                input_type.logical_type_id(),
-                |$S| {
-                    Ok(Box::new(Argmin::<<$S as LogicalPrimitiveType>::Wrapper>::default()))
-                },
-                {
-                    let err_msg = format!(
-                        "\"ARGMIN\" aggregate function not support data type {:?}",
-                        input_type.logical_type_id(),
-                    );
-                    CreateAccumulatorSnafu { err_msg }.fail()?
-                }
-            )
-        });
-        creator
-    }
-
-    fn output_type(&self) -> Result<ConcreteDataType> {
-        Ok(ConcreteDataType::uint32_datatype())
-    }
-
-    fn state_types(&self) -> Result<Vec<ConcreteDataType>> {
-        let input_types = self.input_types()?;
-
-        ensure!(input_types.len() == 1, InvalidInputStateSnafu);
-
-        Ok(vec![
-            input_types.into_iter().next().unwrap(),
-            ConcreteDataType::uint32_datatype(),
-        ])
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use datatypes::vectors::Int32Vector;
-
-    use super::*;
-    #[test]
-    fn test_update_batch() {
-        // test update empty batch, expect not updating anything
-        let mut argmin = Argmin::<i32>::default();
-        argmin.update_batch(&[]).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::Null, argmin.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update one not-null value
-        let mut argmin = Argmin::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![Some(42)]))];
-        argmin.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::from(0_u32), argmin.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update one null value
-        let mut argmin = Argmin::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![Option::<i32>::None]))];
-        argmin.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::Null, argmin.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update no null-value batch
-        let mut argmin = Argmin::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![
-            Some(-1i32),
-            Some(1),
-            Some(3),
-        ]))];
-        argmin.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::from(0_u32), argmin.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update null-value batch
-        let mut argmin = Argmin::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![
-            Some(-2i32),
-            None,
-            Some(4),
-        ]))];
-        argmin.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::from(0_u32), argmin.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update with constant vector
-        let mut argmin = Argmin::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(ConstantVector::new(
-            Arc::new(Int32Vector::from_vec(vec![4])),
-            10,
-        ))];
-        argmin.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::from(0_u32), argmin.evaluate().unwrap());
-    }
-}

src/common/function/src/scalars/aggregate/diff.rs

@@ -1,252 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use common_macro::{as_aggr_func_creator, AggrFuncTypeStore};
-use common_query::error::{
-    CreateAccumulatorSnafu, DowncastVectorSnafu, FromScalarValueSnafu, InvalidInputStateSnafu,
-    Result,
-};
-use common_query::logical_plan::accumulator::AggrFuncTypeStore;
-use common_query::logical_plan::{Accumulator, AggregateFunctionCreator};
-use common_query::prelude::*;
-use datatypes::prelude::*;
-use datatypes::value::ListValue;
-use datatypes::vectors::{ConstantVector, Helper, ListVector};
-use datatypes::with_match_primitive_type_id;
-use num_traits::AsPrimitive;
-use snafu::{ensure, OptionExt, ResultExt};
-
-// https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.diff.html
-// I is the input type, O is the output type.
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub struct Diff<I, O> {
-    values: Vec<I>,
-    _phantom: PhantomData<O>,
-}
-
-impl<I, O> Diff<I, O> {
-    fn push(&mut self, value: I) {
-        self.values.push(value);
-    }
-}
-
-impl<I, O> Accumulator for Diff<I, O>
-where
-    I: WrapperType,
-    O: WrapperType,
-    I::Native: AsPrimitive<O::Native>,
-    O::Native: std::ops::Sub<Output = O::Native>,
-{
-    fn state(&self) -> Result<Vec<Value>> {
-        let nums = self
-            .values
-            .iter()
-            .map(|&n| n.into())
-            .collect::<Vec<Value>>();
-        Ok(vec![Value::List(ListValue::new(
-            nums,
-            I::LogicalType::build_data_type(),
-        ))])
-    }
-
-    fn update_batch(&mut self, values: &[VectorRef]) -> Result<()> {
-        if values.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        ensure!(values.len() == 1, InvalidInputStateSnafu);
-
-        let column = &values[0];
-        let mut len = 1;
-        let column: &<I as Scalar>::VectorType = if column.is_const() {
-            len = column.len();
-            let column: &ConstantVector = unsafe { Helper::static_cast(column) };
-            unsafe { Helper::static_cast(column.inner()) }
-        } else {
-            unsafe { Helper::static_cast(column) }
-        };
-        (0..len).for_each(|_| {
-            for v in column.iter_data().flatten() {
-                self.push(v);
-            }
-        });
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn merge_batch(&mut self, states: &[VectorRef]) -> Result<()> {
-        if states.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        let states = &states[0];
-        let states = states
-            .as_any()
-            .downcast_ref::<ListVector>()
-            .with_context(|| DowncastVectorSnafu {
-                err_msg: format!(
-                    "expect ListVector, got vector type {}",
-                    states.vector_type_name()
-                ),
-            })?;
-        for state in states.values_iter() {
-            if let Some(state) = state.context(FromScalarValueSnafu)? {
-                self.update_batch(&[state])?;
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn evaluate(&self) -> Result<Value> {
-        if self.values.is_empty() || self.values.len() == 1 {
-            return Ok(Value::Null);
-        }
-        let diff = self
-            .values
-            .windows(2)
-            .map(|x| {
-                let native = x[1].into_native().as_() - x[0].into_native().as_();
-                O::from_native(native).into()
-            })
-            .collect::<Vec<Value>>();
-        let diff = Value::List(ListValue::new(diff, O::LogicalType::build_data_type()));
-        Ok(diff)
-    }
-}
-
-#[as_aggr_func_creator]
-#[derive(Debug, Default, AggrFuncTypeStore)]
-pub struct DiffAccumulatorCreator {}
-
-impl AggregateFunctionCreator for DiffAccumulatorCreator {
-    fn creator(&self) -> AccumulatorCreatorFunction {
-        let creator: AccumulatorCreatorFunction = Arc::new(move |types: &[ConcreteDataType]| {
-            let input_type = &types[0];
-            with_match_primitive_type_id!(
-                input_type.logical_type_id(),
-                |$S| {
-                    Ok(Box::new(Diff::<<$S as LogicalPrimitiveType>::Wrapper, <<$S as LogicalPrimitiveType>::LargestType as LogicalPrimitiveType>::Wrapper>::default()))
-                },
-                {
-                    let err_msg = format!(
-                        "\"DIFF\" aggregate function not support data type {:?}",
-                        input_type.logical_type_id(),
-                    );
-                    CreateAccumulatorSnafu { err_msg }.fail()?
-                }
-            )
-        });
-        creator
-    }
-
-    fn output_type(&self) -> Result<ConcreteDataType> {
-        let input_types = self.input_types()?;
-        ensure!(input_types.len() == 1, InvalidInputStateSnafu);
-        with_match_primitive_type_id!(
-            input_types[0].logical_type_id(),
-            |$S| {
-                Ok(ConcreteDataType::list_datatype($S::default().into()))
-            },
-            {
-                unreachable!()
-            }
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn state_types(&self) -> Result<Vec<ConcreteDataType>> {
-        let input_types = self.input_types()?;
-        ensure!(input_types.len() == 1, InvalidInputStateSnafu);
-        with_match_primitive_type_id!(
-            input_types[0].logical_type_id(),
-            |$S| {
-                Ok(vec![ConcreteDataType::list_datatype($S::default().into())])
-            },
-            {
-                unreachable!()
-            }
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use datatypes::vectors::Int32Vector;
-
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_update_batch() {
-        // test update empty batch, expect not updating anything
-        let mut diff = Diff::<i32, i64>::default();
-        diff.update_batch(&[]).unwrap();
-        assert!(diff.values.is_empty());
-        assert_eq!(Value::Null, diff.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update one not-null value
-        let mut diff = Diff::<i32, i64>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![Some(42)]))];
-        diff.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::Null, diff.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update one null value
-        let mut diff = Diff::<i32, i64>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![Option::<i32>::None]))];
-        diff.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::Null, diff.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update no null-value batch
-        let mut diff = Diff::<i32, i64>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![
-            Some(-1i32),
-            Some(1),
-            Some(2),
-        ]))];
-        let values = vec![Value::from(2_i64), Value::from(1_i64)];
-        diff.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            Value::List(ListValue::new(values, ConcreteDataType::int64_datatype())),
-            diff.evaluate().unwrap()
-        );
-
-        // test update null-value batch
-        let mut diff = Diff::<i32, i64>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![
-            Some(-2i32),
-            None,
-            Some(3),
-            Some(4),
-        ]))];
-        let values = vec![Value::from(5_i64), Value::from(1_i64)];
-        diff.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            Value::List(ListValue::new(values, ConcreteDataType::int64_datatype())),
-            diff.evaluate().unwrap()
-        );
-
-        // test update with constant vector
-        let mut diff = Diff::<i32, i64>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(ConstantVector::new(
-            Arc::new(Int32Vector::from_vec(vec![4])),
-            4,
-        ))];
-        let values = vec![Value::from(0_i64), Value::from(0_i64), Value::from(0_i64)];
-        diff.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            Value::List(ListValue::new(values, ConcreteDataType::int64_datatype())),
-            diff.evaluate().unwrap()
-        );
-    }
-}

src/common/function/src/scalars/aggregate/mean.rs

@@ -1,238 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use common_macro::{as_aggr_func_creator, AggrFuncTypeStore};
-use common_query::error::{
-    BadAccumulatorImplSnafu, CreateAccumulatorSnafu, DowncastVectorSnafu, InvalidInputStateSnafu,
-    Result,
-};
-use common_query::logical_plan::accumulator::AggrFuncTypeStore;
-use common_query::logical_plan::{Accumulator, AggregateFunctionCreator};
-use common_query::prelude::*;
-use datatypes::prelude::*;
-use datatypes::types::WrapperType;
-use datatypes::vectors::{ConstantVector, Float64Vector, Helper, UInt64Vector};
-use datatypes::with_match_primitive_type_id;
-use num_traits::AsPrimitive;
-use snafu::{ensure, OptionExt};
-
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub struct Mean<T> {
-    sum: f64,
-    n: u64,
-    _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
-}
-
-impl<T> Mean<T>
-where
-    T: WrapperType,
-    T::Native: AsPrimitive<f64>,
-{
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn push(&mut self, value: T) {
-        self.sum += value.into_native().as_();
-        self.n += 1;
-    }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn update(&mut self, sum: f64, n: u64) {
-        self.sum += sum;
-        self.n += n;
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> Accumulator for Mean<T>
-where
-    T: WrapperType,
-    T::Native: AsPrimitive<f64>,
-{
-    fn state(&self) -> Result<Vec<Value>> {
-        Ok(vec![self.sum.into(), self.n.into()])
-    }
-
-    fn update_batch(&mut self, values: &[VectorRef]) -> Result<()> {
-        if values.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        ensure!(values.len() == 1, InvalidInputStateSnafu);
-        let column = &values[0];
-        let mut len = 1;
-        let column: &<T as Scalar>::VectorType = if column.is_const() {
-            len = column.len();
-            let column: &ConstantVector = unsafe { Helper::static_cast(column) };
-            unsafe { Helper::static_cast(column.inner()) }
-        } else {
-            unsafe { Helper::static_cast(column) }
-        };
-        (0..len).for_each(|_| {
-            for v in column.iter_data().flatten() {
-                self.push(v);
-            }
-        });
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn merge_batch(&mut self, states: &[VectorRef]) -> Result<()> {
-        if states.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        ensure!(
-            states.len() == 2,
-            BadAccumulatorImplSnafu {
-                err_msg: "expect 2 states in `merge_batch`",
-            }
-        );
-
-        let sum = &states[0];
-        let n = &states[1];
-
-        let sum = sum
-            .as_any()
-            .downcast_ref::<Float64Vector>()
-            .with_context(|| DowncastVectorSnafu {
-                err_msg: format!(
-                    "expect Float64Vector, got vector type {}",
-                    sum.vector_type_name()
-                ),
-            })?;
-
-        let n = n
-            .as_any()
-            .downcast_ref::<UInt64Vector>()
-            .with_context(|| DowncastVectorSnafu {
-                err_msg: format!(
-                    "expect UInt64Vector, got vector type {}",
-                    sum.vector_type_name()
-                ),
-            })?;
-
-        sum.iter_data().zip(n.iter_data()).for_each(|(sum, n)| {
-            if let (Some(sum), Some(n)) = (sum, n) {
-                self.update(sum, n);
-            }
-        });
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn evaluate(&self) -> Result<Value> {
-        if self.n == 0 {
-            return Ok(Value::Null);
-        }
-        let values = self.sum / self.n as f64;
-        Ok(values.into())
-    }
-}
-
-#[as_aggr_func_creator]
-#[derive(Debug, Default, AggrFuncTypeStore)]
-pub struct MeanAccumulatorCreator {}
-
-impl AggregateFunctionCreator for MeanAccumulatorCreator {
-    fn creator(&self) -> AccumulatorCreatorFunction {
-        let creator: AccumulatorCreatorFunction = Arc::new(move |types: &[ConcreteDataType]| {
-            let input_type = &types[0];
-            with_match_primitive_type_id!(
-                input_type.logical_type_id(),
-                |$S| {
-                    Ok(Box::new(Mean::<<$S as LogicalPrimitiveType>::Native>::default()))
-                },
-                {
-                    let err_msg = format!(
-                        "\"MEAN\" aggregate function not support data type {:?}",
-                        input_type.logical_type_id(),
-                    );
-                    CreateAccumulatorSnafu { err_msg }.fail()?
-                }
-            )
-        });
-        creator
-    }
-
-    fn output_type(&self) -> Result<ConcreteDataType> {
-        let input_types = self.input_types()?;
-        ensure!(input_types.len() == 1, InvalidInputStateSnafu);
-        Ok(ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype())
-    }
-
-    fn state_types(&self) -> Result<Vec<ConcreteDataType>> {
-        let input_types = self.input_types()?;
-        ensure!(input_types.len() == 1, InvalidInputStateSnafu);
-        Ok(vec![
-            ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype(),
-            ConcreteDataType::uint64_datatype(),
-        ])
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use datatypes::vectors::Int32Vector;
-
-    use super::*;
-    #[test]
-    fn test_update_batch() {
-        // test update empty batch, expect not updating anything
-        let mut mean = Mean::<i32>::default();
-        mean.update_batch(&[]).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::Null, mean.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update one not-null value
-        let mut mean = Mean::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![Some(42)]))];
-        mean.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::from(42.0_f64), mean.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update one null value
-        let mut mean = Mean::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![Option::<i32>::None]))];
-        mean.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::Null, mean.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update no null-value batch
-        let mut mean = Mean::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![
-            Some(-1i32),
-            Some(1),
-            Some(2),
-        ]))];
-        mean.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::from(0.6666666666666666), mean.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update null-value batch
-        let mut mean = Mean::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(Int32Vector::from(vec![
-            Some(-2i32),
-            None,
-            Some(3),
-            Some(4),
-        ]))];
-        mean.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::from(1.6666666666666667), mean.evaluate().unwrap());
-
-        // test update with constant vector
-        let mut mean = Mean::<i32>::default();
-        let v: Vec<VectorRef> = vec![Arc::new(ConstantVector::new(
-            Arc::new(Int32Vector::from_vec(vec![4])),
-            10,
-        ))];
-        mean.update_batch(&v).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Value::from(4.0), mean.evaluate().unwrap());
-    }
-}