feat: support nested blob function signatures

## Summary

- preserve typed namespace errors returned by `drop_table`
- return `TableNotFound` when dropping an absent namespace table
- cover repeated drop behavior in the namespace database test

## Validation

- `cargo test --quiet --features remote -p lancedb
database::namespace::tests::test_namespace_drop_table --lib`
- `cargo clippy --quiet --features remote -p lancedb --lib --tests -- -D
warnings`

## Context

Sophon SQL implements `DROP TABLE IF EXISTS` by matching
`lancedb::Error::TableNotFound`. The namespace database previously
wrapped this error as `Runtime`, causing cleanup to fail and mask an
earlier statement error.

.bumpversion.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tool.bumpversion]
-current_version = "0.38.0-beta.11"
+current_version = "0.38.0"
 parse = """(?x)
     (?P<major>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
     (?P<minor>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -44,3 +44,27 @@ updates:
       python-deps:
         patterns:
           - "*"
+
+  # The npm ecosystem covers pnpm lockfiles. There are two separate installs:
+  # the bindings themselves and the examples, which have their own lockfile.
+  # As with cargo and pip above, only bump the lockfile — the version ranges
+  # in package.json are our consumers' constraints, not ours.
+  - package-ecosystem: npm
+    directory: /nodejs
+    schedule:
+      interval: weekly
+    versioning-strategy: lockfile-only
+    groups:
+      nodejs-deps:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: npm
+    directory: /nodejs/examples
+    schedule:
+      interval: weekly
+    versioning-strategy: lockfile-only
+    groups:
+      nodejs-examples-deps:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"

.github/workflows/dev.yml

@@ -29,12 +29,14 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: "18"
+          node-version: "24"
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
+        with:
+          version: 11.1.1
       # These rules are disabled because Github will always ensure there
       # is a blank line between the title and the body and Github will
       # word wrap the description field to ensure a reasonable max line
       # length.
-      - run: npm install @commitlint/config-conventional
       - run: >
           echo 'module.exports = {
             "rules": {
@@ -43,7 +45,11 @@ jobs:
               "body-leading-blank": [0, "always"]
             }
           }' > .commitlintrc.js
-      - run: npx commitlint --extends @commitlint/config-conventional --verbose <<< $COMMIT_MSG
+      - run: >
+          pnpm dlx
+          --package @commitlint/cli@21.2.2
+          --package @commitlint/config-conventional@21.2.2
+          commitlint --extends @commitlint/config-conventional --verbose <<< $COMMIT_MSG
         env:
           COMMIT_MSG: >
             ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }}
@@ -54,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           script: |
             const message = `**ACTION NEEDED**
-              
+
               Lance follows the [Conventional Commits specification](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0/) for release automation.
 
               The PR title and description are used as the merge commit message.\

.github/workflows/docs-link-check.yml

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: lycheeverse/lychee-action@e7477775783ea5526144ba13e8db5eec57747ce8 # v2.9.0
         with:
           # Restricted to http(s) on purpose. Much of docs/src is generated
-          # API reference (the js/ tree comes from `npm run docs` in nodejs)
+          # API reference (the js/ tree comes from `pnpm run docs` in nodejs)
           # and the hand-written pages use mkdocstrings cross-references and
           # nav-relative paths that only resolve in the site mkdocs builds,
           # not in this checkout, so relative links would be reported as

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -55,9 +55,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up node
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 20
-          cache: 'npm'
-          cache-dependency-path: docs/package-lock.json
+          node-version: 24
       - name: Install node dependencies
         working-directory: nodejs
         run: |

.github/workflows/nodejs.yml

@@ -47,9 +47,8 @@ jobs:
         version: 11.1.1
     - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
       with:
-        # pnpm 11 requires Node >= 22.13; use 24 since 22 hits EOL
-        # in October. The library itself still supports Node >= 18
-        # (see test matrix below).
+        # Build on a supported LTS; the matrix job below covers every
+        # Node version the library claims to support.
         node-version: 24
         cache: 'pnpm'
         cache-dependency-path: nodejs/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        node-version: [ "18", "20" ]
+        node-version: [ "22", "24", "26" ]
     runs-on: "ubuntu-22.04"
     defaults:
       run:
@@ -101,9 +100,9 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
       name: Setup Node.js 24 for build
       with:
-        # pnpm 11 requires Node >= 22.13; use 24 since 22 hits EOL
-        # in October. Build/install runs on Node 24; tests run on the
-        # matrix version below using direct jest invocation.
+        # Build and install once on a fixed version so the generated docs
+        # are identical across matrix legs; the tests below then run on each
+        # supported Node version.
         node-version: 24
         cache: 'pnpm'
         cache-dependency-path: nodejs/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -152,9 +151,9 @@ jobs:
         S3_TEST: "1"
         # Newer @smithy/core uses dynamic ESM imports.
         NODE_OPTIONS: "--experimental-vm-modules"
-      # Invoke jest directly because pnpm 11 itself requires Node 22+
-      # while the matrix tests on older Node versions.
-      run: npx jest --verbose
+      # Invoke the installed jest binary directly; the pnpm shim is set up
+      # against the build-phase Node, not the version selected above.
+      run: node_modules/.bin/jest --verbose
     - name: Test examples
       working-directory: ./
       env:
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         python ci/mock_openai.py &
         cd nodejs/examples
-        npx jest --testEnvironment jest-environment-node-single-context --verbose
+        node_modules/.bin/jest --testEnvironment jest-environment-node-single-context --verbose
   macos:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     # macos-15 ships a newer linker; the older macos-14 linker fails to insert
@@ -185,8 +184,7 @@ jobs:
         version: 11.1.1
     - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
       with:
-        # pnpm 11 requires Node >= 22.13; use 24 since 22 hits EOL
-        # in October.
+        # pnpm 11 requires Node >= 22.13.
         node-version: 24
         cache: 'pnpm'
         cache-dependency-path: nodejs/pnpm-lock.yaml

.github/workflows/npm-publish.yml

@@ -40,40 +40,31 @@ jobs:
           - target: aarch64-apple-darwin
             host: macos-latest
             features: fp16kernels
+            # Fat LTO was ~111 of this job's ~113 minutes.
+            lto: thin
+            codegen_units: 16
             pre_build: |-
               brew install protobuf
-              # Fat LTO (the workspace default in .cargo/config.toml) is
-              # single-threaded and is the peak-memory step of the build. On
-              # this runner it accounted for ~111 of the job's ~113 minutes,
-              # making it the critical path of the entire publish pipeline.
-              # ThinLTO parallelizes it across the runner's cores, for a few
-              # percent of runtime performance.
-              export CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_LTO=thin
-              export CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_CODEGEN_UNITS=16
           - target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
             host: windows-2025
             features: ","
+            # The lower peak also keeps this on the standard 4-core runner.
+            lto: thin
+            codegen_units: 16
             pre_build: |-
               choco install --no-progress protoc ninja nasm
               tail -n 1000 /c/ProgramData/chocolatey/logs/chocolatey.log
               # There is an issue where choco doesn't add nasm to the path
               export PATH="$PATH:/c/Program Files/NASM"
               nasm -v
-              # See the ThinLTO note on aarch64-apple-darwin above. Keeping
-              # peak memory down is also what lets this run on the standard
-              # 4-core runner: the 8-core larger runner was only needed to
-              # stop fat LTO from OOMing rustc-LLVM.
-              export CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_LTO=thin
-              export CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_CODEGEN_UNITS=16
           - target: aarch64-pc-windows-msvc
             host: windows-2025
             features: ","
+            lto: thin
+            codegen_units: 16
             pre_build: |-
                 choco install --no-progress protoc
                 rustup target add aarch64-pc-windows-msvc
-                # See the ThinLTO note on aarch64-apple-darwin above.
-                export CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_LTO=thin
-                export CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_CODEGEN_UNITS=16
           - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
             host: ubuntu-latest
             features: fp16kernels
@@ -103,6 +94,14 @@ jobs:
             # https://github.com/napi-rs/napi-rs/blob/main/debian-aarch64.Dockerfile
             docker: ghcr.io/napi-rs/napi-rs/nodejs-rust:lts-debian-aarch64
             features: "fp16kernels"
+            # Fat LTO OOM-killed rustc every nightly; even with lld it peaked
+            # at 31391 MiB of the runner's 32 GiB.
+            lto: thin
+            codegen_units: 16
+            # arm64 Linux links through GNU `ld` where x86_64 defaults to
+            # `rust-lld`, which is why only arm64 OOM'd. lld cut the largest
+            # linker process 7.0 -> 4.0 GiB (lancedb/sophon#7313).
+            linker: /tmp/aarch64-lld-clang
             pre_build: |-
               set -e &&
               apt-get update &&
@@ -112,9 +111,30 @@ jobs:
               # AT_HWCAP2 (added in Linux 3.17). Define it for aws-lc-sys.
               export CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -DAT_HWCAP2=26" &&
               rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+              # Not `&&`-chained: in dash, errexit does not fire for a
+              # non-final command in an `&&` list, so failures were ignored.
+              #
+              # A wrapper rather than `-C link-arg` because the per-target
+              # rustflags variable does not reach every unit that links, while
+              # the linker variable does. `clang` because GCC silently ignores
+              # `-fuse-ld=lld` unless built with lld support. Two echoes
+              # because printf's newline escape gets rewritten to `;` between
+              # here and the container.
+              echo '#!/bin/sh' > /tmp/aarch64-lld-clang
+              echo 'exec clang --target=aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu --sysroot=/usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/sysroot --gcc-toolchain=/usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu -fuse-ld=lld "$@"' >> /tmp/aarch64-lld-clang
+              chmod 0755 /tmp/aarch64-lld-clang
+              # Fail now, not at the cdylib link ~30 minutes later. Linking at
+              # all also proves lld resolved; clang errors out when it cannot.
+              echo 'int main(void){return 0;}' > /tmp/probe.c
+              /tmp/aarch64-lld-clang /tmp/probe.c -o /tmp/probe
+              readelf -h /tmp/probe | grep AArch64
           - target: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
             host: ubuntu-2404-8x-x64
             features: ","
+            # Fat LTO took the whole runner down. lld cannot help: it died
+            # inside rustc's LLVM, before any linker was spawned.
+            lto: thin
+            codegen_units: 16
             pre_build: |-
               set -e &&
               sudo apt-get update &&
@@ -123,6 +143,19 @@ jobs:
               export EXTRA_ARGS="-x"
     name: build - ${{ matrix.settings.target }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.settings.host }}
+    # On the job, not exported from `pre_build`: `Swatinem/rust-cache` hashes
+    # `CARGO_*` into its cache key before any step runs, so a step-local export
+    # leaves the key unchanged while cargo still rebuilds cold. The ThinLTO
+    # legs had been doing that every run.
+    #
+    # Not `RUSTFLAGS`: setting it, even to "", discards every config-file
+    # rustflag, silently dropping .cargo/config.toml's `target-cpu` and
+    # `target-feature` from the published binaries.
+    env:
+      CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_LTO: ${{ matrix.settings.lto || 'fat' }}
+      CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_CODEGEN_UNITS: ${{ matrix.settings.codegen_units || '1' }}
+      # Empty elsewhere: a per-target variable is only read for that triple.
+      CARGO_TARGET_AARCH64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_LINKER: ${{ matrix.settings.linker }}
     defaults:
       run:
         working-directory: nodejs
@@ -135,8 +168,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup node
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          # pnpm 11 requires Node >= 22.13; use 24 since 22 hits EOL
-          # in October.
+          # pnpm 11 requires Node >= 22.13.
           node-version: 24
           cache: pnpm
           cache-dependency-path: nodejs/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -169,19 +201,15 @@ jobs:
           # creating ref). The nightly cadence also keeps entries inside
           # GitHub's 7-day eviction window, which a tag-only trigger would not.
           save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
-      # Docker builds can use rust-cache too. `target/` already lives on the
-      # host because the whole workspace is bind-mounted into the container, and
-      # rust-cache's prune and save run host-side, so they can manage it -- which
-      # is what keeps the entry to dependency artifacts rather than a multi-GB
-      # copy of everything.
+      # Docker builds can use rust-cache too: the workspace is bind-mounted, so
+      # `target/` lives on the host and rust-cache's prune keeps the entry
+      # small.
       #
       # Two differences from the native builds. The container's CARGO_HOME is
-      # bind-mounted from `.cargo-cache` rather than the host's ~/.cargo, so that
-      # has to be cached explicitly. And the key is derived from the *host* rustc
-      # version, which is not the compiler that produced these artifacts; that is
-      # safe because cargo fingerprints the real compiler and rebuilds on a
-      # mismatch, it just means a base-image toolchain bump costs one cold build
-      # instead of invalidating the key.
+      # bind-mounted from `.cargo-cache` rather than ~/.cargo, so that is cached
+      # explicitly. And the key uses the *host* rustc version, not the compiler
+      # that built these artifacts -- safe, since cargo fingerprints the real
+      # one; a base-image bump just costs one cold build.
       - name: Cache cargo (docker builds)
         uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
         if: ${{ matrix.settings.docker }}
@@ -210,14 +238,19 @@ jobs:
           # cache step above saves. Previously the registry mounts pointed at
           # `.cargo/...`, a path nothing cached, so the container re-downloaded
           # the whole crate registry on every run.
+          #
+          # `docker run` inherits nothing; `-e NAME` carries the job's `env:` in.
           options: "--user 0:0 -v ${{ github.workspace }}/.cargo-cache/git/db:/usr/local/cargo/git/db \
                     -v ${{ github.workspace }}/.cargo-cache/registry/cache:/usr/local/cargo/registry/cache \
                     -v ${{ github.workspace }}/.cargo-cache/registry/index:/usr/local/cargo/registry/index \
+                    -e CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_LTO \
+                    -e CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_CODEGEN_UNITS \
+                    -e CARGO_TARGET_AARCH64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_LINKER \
                     -v ${{ github.workspace }}:/build -w /build/nodejs"
           run: |
             set -e
             ${{ matrix.settings.pre_build }}
-            npx napi build --platform --release \
+            node_modules/.bin/napi build --platform --release \
               --features ${{ matrix.settings.features }} \
               --target ${{ matrix.settings.target }} \
               --dts ../lancedb/native.d.ts \
@@ -237,7 +270,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         run: |
           ${{ matrix.settings.pre_build }}
-          npx napi build --platform --release \
+          node_modules/.bin/napi build --platform --release \
               --features ${{ matrix.settings.features }} \
               --target ${{ matrix.settings.target }} \
               --dts ../lancedb/native.d.ts \
@@ -256,6 +289,18 @@ jobs:
         if: always()
         run: df -h
         shell: bash
+      - name: Report peak memory
+        if: always() && runner.os == 'Linux'
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          peak=$(find /sys/fs/cgroup -name memory.peak -readable \
+                 -exec cat {} + 2>/dev/null | sort -n | tail -1)
+          if [ -n "$peak" ]; then
+            echo "peak memory: $((peak / 1024 / 1024)) MiB"
+          else
+            echo "peak memory: unavailable (no readable cgroup v2 memory.peak)"
+          fi
+          free -g || true
       - name: Upload artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
@@ -293,7 +338,7 @@ jobs:
           - target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
             host: ubuntu-2404-8x-arm64
         node:
-          - '20'
+          - '22'
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.settings.host }}
     defaults:
       run:
@@ -339,9 +384,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Move built files
         run: cp dist/native.d.ts dist/native.js dist/*.node lancedb/
       - name: Test bindings
-        # Invoke jest directly because pnpm 11 itself requires Node 22+
-        # while the matrix tests on older Node versions.
-        run: npx jest --verbose
+        # Invoke the installed jest binary directly; the pnpm shim is set up
+        # against the install-phase Node, not the version selected above.
+        run: node_modules/.bin/jest --verbose
   publish:
     name: Publish
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest

.github/workflows/update_package_lock_run.yml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-name: Update package-lock.json
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  publish:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-        with:
-          ref: main
-          persist-credentials: false
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          lfs: true
-      - uses: ./.github/workflows/update_package_lock
-        with:
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.LANCEDB_RELEASE_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/update_package_lock_run_nodejs.yml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-name: Update NodeJs package-lock.json
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  publish:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-        with:
-          ref: main
-          persist-credentials: false
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          lfs: true
-      - uses: ./.github/workflows/update_package_lock_nodejs
-        with:
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.LANCEDB_RELEASE_TOKEN }}

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -20,7 +20,10 @@ repos:
     hooks:
       - id: local-biome-check
         name: biome check
-        entry: npx @biomejs/biome@1.8.3 check --config-path nodejs/biome.json nodejs/
+        # Use the biome from nodejs/package.json rather than a separately
+        # pinned one: the two drifted apart and disagreed on formatting, so
+        # this hook rejected code that `pnpm lint` accepted.
+        entry: nodejs/node_modules/.bin/biome check --config-path nodejs/biome.json nodejs/
         language: system
         types: [text]
         files: "nodejs/.*"

AGENTS.md

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Before committing changes, run formatting for every language you touched. At min
 * Rust changes: run `cargo fmt --all`.
 * Python changes: run `ruff format .` and `ruff check .` from the repository root,
   and run targeted tests through `cd python && uv run ...`.
-* TypeScript changes: run the relevant `npm`/`pnpm` lint, format, build, and docs commands in `nodejs`.
+* TypeScript changes: run the relevant `pnpm` lint, format, build, and docs commands in `nodejs`.
 
 Before creating a PR, the exact value passed to `gh pr create --title` must follow
 Conventional Commits, such as `fix: support nested field paths in native index creation`
@@ -101,12 +101,12 @@ Python bindings changes:
 TypeScript bindings changes:
 
 1. Add napi-rs method binding on `Table` in `nodejs/src/table.rs`.
-2. Run `npm run build` to generate TypeScript definitions.
+2. Run `pnpm build` to generate TypeScript definitions.
 3. Add typescript method on abstract class `Table` in `nodejs/src/table.ts`.
 4. Add concrete method on `LocalTable` class in `nodejs/src/native_table.ts`.
     * Note: despite the name, this class is also used for remote tables.
 5. Add test in `nodejs/__test__/table.test.ts`.
-6. Run `npm run docs` to generate TypeScript documentation.
+6. Run `pnpm run docs` to generate TypeScript documentation.
 
 ## Python API reference
 

Cargo.lock

@@ -535,9 +535,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "async-trait"
-version = "0.1.91"
+version = "0.1.92"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ae36dc4177970ef04fde5178d3e2429882def40e57a451f919c098f72baa6cec"
+checksum = "82f6aeea286b8eb4dd3431a1be1b59d290ace00f5bfd8e2a159bc2a05e2c1667"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1443,9 +1443,9 @@ checksum = "175812e0be2bccb6abe50bb8d566126198344f707e304f45c648fd8f2cc0365e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytemuck"
-version = "1.25.0"
+version = "1.25.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c8efb64bd706a16a1bdde310ae86b351e4d21550d98d056f22f8a7f7a2183fec"
+checksum = "95832e849adfb21180ccb6826a99da14e5d266ae5c2e668e1602cf234f153797"
 dependencies = [
  "bytemuck_derive",
 ]
@@ -1597,9 +1597,9 @@ checksum = "613afe47fcd5fac7ccf1db93babcb082c5994d996f20b8b159f2ad1658eb5724"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "chacha20"
-version = "0.10.0"
+version = "0.10.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6f8d983286843e49675a4b7a2d174efe136dc93a18d69130dd18198a6c167601"
+checksum = "65c35e4b699c7e15ccbe7ee35c005e4fc0a278d22238a2857e6ce2dadeda1b06"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.4",
  "cpufeatures 0.3.0",
@@ -3455,8 +3455,8 @@ checksum = "42703706b716c37f96a77aea830392ad231f44c9e9a67872fa5548707e11b11c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fsst"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "rand 0.9.5",
@@ -4815,8 +4815,8 @@ checksum = "e037a2e1d8d5fdbd49b16a4ea09d5d6401c1f29eca5ff29d03d3824dba16256a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arc-swap",
  "arrow",
@@ -4888,8 +4888,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-arrow"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -4911,7 +4911,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-arrow-scalar"
 version = "58.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -4925,7 +4925,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-arrow-stats"
 version = "58.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-schema",
@@ -4934,8 +4934,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-bitpacking"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrayref",
  "crunchy",
@@ -4945,8 +4945,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-core"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -4983,8 +4983,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-datafusion"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "arrow-array",
@@ -5013,8 +5013,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-datagen"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "arrow-array",
@@ -5031,8 +5031,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-derive"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -5041,8 +5041,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-encoding"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-arith",
  "arrow-array",
@@ -5075,8 +5075,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-file"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-arith",
  "arrow-array",
@@ -5107,8 +5107,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-index"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arc-swap",
  "arrow",
@@ -5172,8 +5172,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-index-core"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-schema",
@@ -5195,8 +5195,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-io"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "arrow-array",
@@ -5236,8 +5236,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-linalg"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-schema",
@@ -5251,8 +5251,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-namespace"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "async-trait",
@@ -5264,8 +5264,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-namespace-impls"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "arrow-ipc",
@@ -5318,8 +5318,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-select"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -5333,8 +5333,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-table"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "arrow-array",
@@ -5374,8 +5374,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-testing"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-schema",
@@ -5388,8 +5388,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-tokenizer"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.2#dafa4642658d996b3e31dde91e02f72db7860d7e"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.5"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.5#556637791d0048c2b4f1342dd84b67c8bbd65259"
 dependencies = [
  "frostem",
  "icu_segmenter",
@@ -5402,7 +5402,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lancedb"
-version = "0.38.0-beta.11"
+version = "0.38.0"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "anyhow",
@@ -5490,7 +5490,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lancedb-nodejs"
-version = "0.38.0-beta.11"
+version = "0.38.0"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -5515,7 +5515,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lancedb-python"
-version = "0.38.0-beta.11"
+version = "0.38.0"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "async-trait",
@@ -5748,9 +5748,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.33"
+version = "0.4.34"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0ceec5bc11778974d1bcb055b18002eba7f4b3518b6a0081b3af5f21666da9ad"
+checksum = "f9f8bd3e56ce4dfc153cf470fffbfa98c7620958b312ca5c3a4b8d5181fd13c6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "loom"
@@ -6001,9 +6001,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "moka"
-version = "0.12.15"
+version = "0.12.16"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "957228ad12042ee839f93c8f257b62b4c0ab5eaae1d4fa60de53b27c9d7c5046"
+checksum = "4293f18e7567a1caf3c584855554377025c65e0aa445344d04171f5ad63d19b9"
 dependencies = [
  "async-lock",
  "crossbeam-channel",
@@ -6097,14 +6097,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "napi"
-version = "3.11.0"
+version = "3.12.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "de33522036981030a75c231829566bc63414e08101a6f5ff4ac6cef19c8e0941"
+checksum = "58c5f4d5375213fdb7be2655e152386e82f026f9a5ba36a75556e11359aafe09"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "chrono",
  "ctor 1.0.12",
  "futures",
+ "libc",
  "napi-build",
  "napi-sys",
  "nohash-hasher",
@@ -6116,15 +6117,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "napi-build"
-version = "2.4.0"
+version = "2.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5282704fbe8d49b0cf8b08e3f33233416a528658f205c7e5ace63b582de0b11c"
+checksum = "60fdf9b392c50e7c4170fa633bd909490ed7835cea4c046776d1a4dd8d2ae0ab"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "napi-derive"
-version = "3.6.1"
+version = "3.6.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4d5c9c02556ea6dc99dffd36c1ce60141411657438501a125b675776d011ce92"
+checksum = "0fa55ea69990c90b888e9e77044410e304ce7f35de599dc6d0b5c1923d2e59af"
 dependencies = [
  "convert_case",
  "ctor 1.0.12",
@@ -6136,9 +6137,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "napi-derive-backend"
-version = "6.1.1"
+version = "6.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d60b5d773ad46c698c8cc2cd9fde0b283d39cbb7f71c04bee633c7bdba4423bd"
+checksum = "df4056ac7c18e4438ccf0edaed4340ca0d269278c8ec19284f7b23cb039fd0ae"
 dependencies = [
  "convert_case",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -8601,9 +8602,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "roaring"
-version = "0.11.4"
+version = "0.11.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1dedc5658c6ecb3bdb5ef5f3295bb9253f42dcf3fd1402c03f6b1f7659c3c4a9"
+checksum = "18bd8a37d17a58532776dcdf6041ce64929adca78e8489d5cacbafe99229d3e1"
 dependencies = [
  "bytemuck",
  "byteorder",
@@ -9063,9 +9064,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with"
-version = "3.21.0"
+version = "3.22.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "76a5c54c7310e7b8b9577c286d7e399ddd876c3e12b3ed917a8aabc4b96e9e8c"
+checksum = "ee78f1fbe43ac4a0e47aadb3dbd357b69eb0d3793e948624cd03dd2750ab1c0a"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.22.1",
  "bs58",
@@ -9073,6 +9074,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "hex",
  "indexmap 1.9.3",
  "indexmap 2.14.0",
+ "jiff",
  "schemars 0.9.0",
  "schemars 1.2.1",
  "serde_core",
@@ -9083,9 +9085,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with_macros"
-version = "3.21.0"
+version = "3.22.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "84d57bc0c8b9a17920c178daa6bb924850d54a9c97ab45194bb8c17ad66bb660"
+checksum = "8705578779c2b6bd90d84d66eb2e206b708b1a4d7b9f17641b293545bf1c7e46"
 dependencies = [
  "darling 0.23.0",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -10452,9 +10454,9 @@ checksum = "06abde3611657adf66d383f00b093d7faecc7fa57071cce2578660c9f1010821"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uuid"
-version = "1.24.0"
+version = "1.26.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bf3923a6f5c4c6382e0b653c4117f48d631ea17f38ed86e2a828e6f7412f5239"
+checksum = "b5772d71c9be8a8a6ac2117d949c5b224c1b72241bb611d9a3012edcf8af7812"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.4.2",
  "js-sys",

Cargo.toml

@@ -13,20 +13,20 @@ categories = ["database-implementations"]
 rust-version = "1.91.0"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-lance = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-core = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-datagen = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-file = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-io = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-index = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-linalg = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-namespace = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-namespace-impls = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-table = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-testing = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-encoding = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-arrow = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.2", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.2", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-core = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-datagen = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-file = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-io = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-index = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-linalg = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace-impls = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-table = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-testing = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-encoding = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-arrow = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.5", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.5", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
 lancedb = { path = "rust/lancedb", default-features = false }
 ahash = "0.8"
 # Note that this one does not include pyarrow

Makefile

@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ licenses:
 	cd python && cargo about generate ../about.hbs -o RUST_THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.html -c ../about.toml
 	cd python && uv sync --all-extras && uv tool run pip-licenses --python .venv/bin/python --format=markdown --with-urls --output-file=PYTHON_THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.md
 	cd nodejs && cargo about generate ../about.hbs -o RUST_THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.html -c ../about.toml
-	cd nodejs && npx license-checker --markdown --out NODEJS_THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.md
+	cd nodejs && pnpm dlx license-checker@25 --markdown --out NODEJS_THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.md
 	cd java && ./mvnw license:aggregate-add-third-party -q

ci/update_lockfiles.sh

@@ -12,16 +12,12 @@ done
 # This updates the lockfile without building
 cargo metadata --quiet > /dev/null
 
-pushd nodejs || exit 1
-npm install --package-lock-only --silent
-popd
-
 if git diff --quiet --exit-code; then
   echo "No lockfile changes to commit; skipping amend."
 elif $AMEND; then
-  git add Cargo.lock nodejs/package-lock.json
+  git add Cargo.lock
   git commit --amend --no-edit
 else
-  git add Cargo.lock nodejs/package-lock.json
+  git add Cargo.lock
   git commit -m "Update lockfiles"
 fi

deny.toml

@@ -131,18 +131,13 @@ allow = [
     "BSD-3-Clause",
     "ISC",
     "Unicode-3.0",
-    "Unicode-DFS-2016",
     "Zlib",
     "CC0-1.0",
     "MPL-2.0",
     "BSL-1.0",
-    "OpenSSL",
     # 0BSD ("BSD Zero Clause") is effectively public domain — no attribution
     # required. Pulled in by `mock_instant`.
     "0BSD",
-    # bzip2-1.0.6 is the permissive upstream bzip2 license (BSD-like). Pulled
-    # in by `libbz2-rs-sys`, the pure-Rust bzip2 implementation.
-    "bzip2-1.0.6",
     # CDLA-Permissive-2.0 is a permissive data license used by `webpki-roots`
     # for the Mozilla CA root bundle. Data-only, distribution-compatible.
     "CDLA-Permissive-2.0",
@@ -150,12 +145,7 @@ allow = [
 confidence-threshold = 0.8
 # Per-crate license exceptions: allow a license for a specific crate only,
 # rather than globally via the `allow` list above.
-exceptions = [
-    # CDDL-1.0 (copyleft) is pulled in only as a dev/profiling dependency via
-    # `inferno` -> `pprof` -> `lance-testing`; it is a test dependency that we
-    # do not distribute, so scope the allowance to `inferno` alone.
-    { allow = ["CDDL-1.0"], crate = "inferno" },
-]
+exceptions = []
 # Crates whose license cannot be determined from Cargo metadata but whose
 # license we've manually confirmed from upstream. Keep this list minimal.
 [[licenses.clarify]]

docs/README.md

@@ -47,22 +47,24 @@ pytest -vv python/tests/docs
 
 ### Checking typescript examples
 
-The `@lancedb/lancedb` package must be built before running the tests:
+The examples depend on `@lancedb/lancedb` at `file:../dist`, so the package must be
+built before running the tests. This uses pnpm; see the
+[Typescript contributing guide](../nodejs/CONTRIBUTING.md) for the toolchain setup.
 
 ```shell
 pushd nodejs
-npm ci
-npm run build
+pnpm install
+pnpm build
 popd
 ```
 
-Then you can run the examples by going to the `nodejs/examples` directory and
-running the tests like a normal npm package:
+Then you can run the examples by going to the `nodejs/examples` directory, which is a
+separate pnpm package with its own lockfile:
 
 ```shell
 pushd nodejs/examples
-npm ci
-npm test
+pnpm install
+pnpm test
 popd
 ```
 
@@ -84,6 +86,7 @@ The new files should be checked into the repository.
 
 ```shell
 pushd nodejs
-npm run docs
+# `pnpm docs` would invoke pnpm's built-in `docs` command, not the script.
+pnpm run docs
 popd
 ```

docs/package-lock.json

@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "name": "lancedb-docs-test",
-  "version": "1.0.0",
-  "lockfileVersion": 3,
-  "requires": true,
-  "packages": {
-    "": {
-      "name": "lancedb-docs-test",
-      "version": "1.0.0",
-      "license": "Apache 2",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "apache-arrow": "file:../node/node_modules/apache-arrow",
-        "vectordb": "file:../node"
-      },
-      "devDependencies": {
-        "@types/node": "^20.11.8",
-        "typescript": "^5.3.3"
-      }
-    },
-    "../node": {
-      "name": "vectordb",
-      "version": "0.21.2-beta.0",
-      "cpu": [
-        "x64",
-        "arm64"
-      ],
-      "license": "Apache-2.0",
-      "os": [
-        "darwin",
-        "linux",
-        "win32"
-      ],
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@neon-rs/load": "^0.0.74",
-        "axios": "^1.4.0"
-      },
-      "devDependencies": {
-        "@neon-rs/cli": "^0.0.160",
-        "@types/chai": "^4.3.4",
-        "@types/chai-as-promised": "^7.1.5",
-        "@types/mocha": "^10.0.1",
-        "@types/node": "^18.16.2",
-        "@types/sinon": "^10.0.15",
-        "@types/temp": "^0.9.1",
-        "@types/uuid": "^9.0.3",
-        "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^5.59.1",
-        "apache-arrow-old": "npm:apache-arrow@13.0.0",
-        "cargo-cp-artifact": "^0.1",
-        "chai": "^4.3.7",
-        "chai-as-promised": "^7.1.1",
-        "eslint": "^8.39.0",
-        "eslint-config-standard-with-typescript": "^34.0.1",
-        "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.26.0",
-        "eslint-plugin-n": "^15.7.0",
-        "eslint-plugin-promise": "^6.1.1",
-        "mocha": "^10.2.0",
-        "openai": "^4.24.1",
-        "sinon": "^15.1.0",
-        "temp": "^0.9.4",
-        "ts-node": "^10.9.1",
-        "ts-node-dev": "^2.0.0",
-        "typedoc": "^0.24.7",
-        "typedoc-plugin-markdown": "^3.15.3",
-        "typescript": "^5.1.0",
-        "uuid": "^9.0.0"
-      },
-      "optionalDependencies": {
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-arm64": "0.21.2-beta.0",
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-x64": "0.21.2-beta.0",
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-gnu": "0.21.2-beta.0",
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-gnu": "0.21.2-beta.0",
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-win32-x64-msvc": "0.21.2-beta.0"
-      },
-      "peerDependencies": {
-        "@apache-arrow/ts": "^14.0.2",
-        "apache-arrow": "^14.0.2"
-      }
-    },
-    "../node/node_modules/apache-arrow": {
-      "version": "14.0.2",
-      "license": "Apache-2.0",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@types/command-line-args": "5.2.0",
-        "@types/command-line-usage": "5.0.2",
-        "@types/node": "20.3.0",
-        "@types/pad-left": "2.1.1",
-        "command-line-args": "5.2.1",
-        "command-line-usage": "7.0.1",
-        "flatbuffers": "23.5.26",
-        "json-bignum": "^0.0.3",
-        "pad-left": "^2.1.0",
-        "tslib": "^2.5.3"
-      },
-      "bin": {
-        "arrow2csv": "bin/arrow2csv.js"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@types/node": {
-      "version": "20.11.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/node/-/node-20.11.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-i7omyekpPTNdv4Jb/Rgqg0RU8YqLcNsI12quKSDkRXNfx7Wxdm6HhK1awT3xTgEkgxPn3bvnSpiEAc7a7Lpyow==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "undici-types": "~5.26.4"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/apache-arrow": {
-      "resolved": "../node/node_modules/apache-arrow",
-      "link": true
-    },
-    "node_modules/typescript": {
-      "version": "5.3.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-5.3.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-pXWcraxM0uxAS+tN0AG/BF2TyqmHO014Z070UsJ+pFvYuRSq8KH8DmWpnbXe0pEPDHXZV3FcAbJkijJ5oNEnWw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "bin": {
-        "tsc": "bin/tsc",
-        "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=14.17"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/undici-types": {
-      "version": "5.26.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/undici-types/-/undici-types-5.26.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-JlCMO+ehdEIKqlFxk6IfVoAUVmgz7cU7zD/h9XZ0qzeosSHmUJVOzSQvvYSYWXkFXC+IfLKSIffhv0sVZup6pA==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
-    "node_modules/vectordb": {
-      "resolved": "../node",
-      "link": true
-    }
-  }
-}

docs/package.json

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "name": "lancedb-docs-test",
-  "version": "1.0.0",
-  "description": "auto-generated tests from doc",
-  "author": "dev@lancedb.com",
-  "license": "Apache 2",
-  "dependencies": {
-    "apache-arrow": "file:../node/node_modules/apache-arrow",
-    "vectordb": "file:../node"
-  },
-  "scripts": {
-    "build": "tsc -b && cd ../node && npm run build-release",
-    "example": "npm run build && node",
-    "test": "npm run build && ls dist/*.js | xargs -n 1 node"
-  },
-  "devDependencies": {
-    "@types/node": "^20.11.8",
-    "typescript": "^5.3.3"
-  }
-}

docs/src/java/java.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Add the following dependency to your `pom.xml`:
 <dependency>
     <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
     <artifactId>lancedb-core</artifactId>
-    <version>0.38.0-beta.11</version>
+    <version>0.38.0</version>
 </dependency>
 ```
 

docs/tsconfig.json

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "include": [
-    "src/*.ts",
-  ],
-  "compilerOptions": {
-    "target": "es2022",
-    "module": "nodenext",
-    "declaration": true,
-    "outDir": "./dist",
-    "strict": true,
-    "allowJs": true,
-    "resolveJsonModule": true,
-  },
-  "exclude": [
-    "./dist/*",
-  ]
-}

java/lancedb-core/pom.xml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     <parent>
       <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
       <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-      <version>0.38.0-beta.11</version>
+      <version>0.38.0-final.0</version>
       <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
 

java/pom.xml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
     <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
     <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-    <version>0.38.0-beta.11</version>
+    <version>0.38.0-final.0</version>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
     <name>${project.artifactId}</name>
     <description>LanceDB Java SDK Parent POM</description>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     <properties>
         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
         <arrow.version>15.0.0</arrow.version>
-        <lance-core.version>12.0.0-beta.2</lance-core.version>
+        <lance-core.version>12.0.0-beta.5</lance-core.version>
         <spotless.skip>false</spotless.skip>
         <spotless.version>2.30.0</spotless.version>
         <spotless.java.googlejavaformat.version>1.7</spotless.java.googlejavaformat.version>

nodejs/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-nodejs"
 edition.workspace = true
-version = "0.38.0-beta.11"
+version = "0.38.0"
 publish = false
 license.workspace = true
 description.workspace = true

nodejs/__test__/package.test.ts

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import packageJson = require("../package.json");
 
 describe("package metadata", () => {
   it("requires Node.js type declarations compatible with the runtime", () => {
-    expect(packageJson.engines.node).toBe(">= 18");
-    expect(packageJson.peerDependencies["@types/node"]).toBe(">=18");
+    expect(packageJson.engines.node).toBe(">= 22");
+    expect(packageJson.peerDependencies["@types/node"]).toBe(">=22");
     expect(packageJson.peerDependenciesMeta["@types/node"]).toEqual({
       optional: true,
     });

nodejs/__test__/remote.test.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 import * as http from "http";
 import { RequestListener } from "http";
+import packageJson = require("../package.json");
 import {
   ClientConfig,
   Connection,
@@ -70,7 +71,13 @@ async function withMockDatabase(
   try {
     await callback(db);
   } finally {
-    server.close();
+    // `close()` alone leaves the port bound until keep-alive sockets drain, so
+    // a single failing test would cascade into EADDRINUSE for every test after
+    // it. Destroy the connections and wait for the port to actually be free.
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+      server.closeAllConnections();
+      server.close(() => resolve());
+    });
   }
 }
 
@@ -131,7 +138,7 @@ describe("remote connection", () => {
       (req, res) => {
         expect(req.headers["x-api-key"]).toEqual("fake");
         expect(req.headers["user-agent"]).toEqual(
-          `LanceDB-Node-Client/${process.env.npm_package_version}`,
+          `LanceDB-Node-Client/${packageJson.version}`,
         );
 
         const body = JSON.stringify({ tables: [] });

nodejs/examples/package.json

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
     "//1": "--experimental-vm-modules is needed to run jest with sentence-transformers",
     "//2": "--testEnvironment is needed to run jest with sentence-transformers",
     "//3": "See: https://github.com/huggingface/transformers.js/issues/57",
-    "test": "node --experimental-vm-modules node_modules/.bin/jest --testEnvironment jest-environment-node-single-context --verbose",
+    "//4": "jest is invoked by its JS entry, not node_modules/.bin/jest: under pnpm that path is a shell shim, which `node` cannot execute",
+    "test": "node --experimental-vm-modules node_modules/jest/bin/jest.js --testEnvironment jest-environment-node-single-context --verbose",
     "lint": "biome check *.ts && biome format *.ts",
     "lint-ci": "biome ci .",
     "lint-fix": "biome check --write *.ts && pnpm format",

nodejs/npm/darwin-arm64/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-darwin-arm64",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+	"version": "0.38.0",
 	"os": ["darwin"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.darwin-arm64.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-gnu/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+	"version": "0.38.0",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-gnu.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-musl/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-musl",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+	"version": "0.38.0",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-musl.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-x64-gnu/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+	"version": "0.38.0",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-gnu.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-x64-musl/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-musl",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+	"version": "0.38.0",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-musl.node",

nodejs/npm/win32-arm64-msvc/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-arm64-msvc",
-  "version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+  "version": "0.38.0",
   "os": [
     "win32"
   ],

nodejs/npm/win32-x64-msvc/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-x64-msvc",
-	"version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+	"version": "0.38.0",
 	"os": ["win32"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.win32-x64-msvc.node",

nodejs/package.json

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     "ann"
   ],
   "private": false,
-  "version": "0.38.0-beta.11",
+  "version": "0.38.0",
   "main": "dist/index.js",
   "exports": {
     ".": "./dist/index.js",
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
     "timeout": "3m"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 18"
+    "node": ">= 22"
   },
   "packageManager": "pnpm@11.1.1",
   "cpu": ["x64", "arm64"],
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
     "openai": "4.29.2"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
-    "@types/node": ">=18",
+    "@types/node": ">=22",
     "apache-arrow": ">=15.0.0 <=18.1.0"
   },
   "peerDependenciesMeta": {

nodejs/src/query.rs

@@ -664,7 +664,11 @@ impl JsFullTextQuery {
 }
 
 fn parse_fts_query(query: Object) -> napi::Result<FullTextSearchQuery> {
-    if let Ok(Some(query)) = query.get::<&JsFullTextQuery>("query") {
+    // `&JsFullTextQuery` recovers a native class reference through napi's borrow-tracked
+    // path, which is only usable from generated `#[napi]` argument conversion. This is a
+    // manual lookup on a nested `Object` property instead, so use `ClassInstance`, which
+    // unwraps the class without requiring a borrow scope.
+    if let Ok(Some(query)) = query.get::<ClassInstance<JsFullTextQuery>>("query") {
         Ok(FullTextSearchQuery::new_query(query.inner.clone()))
     } else if let Ok(Some(query_text)) = query.get::<String>("query") {
         let mut query_text = query_text;

python/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-python"
-version = "0.38.0-beta.11"
+version = "0.38.0"
 publish = false
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "Python bindings for LanceDB"

python/python/lancedb/_lancedb.pyi

@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ class Connection(object):
     def job(self, job_id: str) -> Job: ...
     async def create_function_async(self, request_json: str) -> Job: ...
     async def get_function(self, name: str, version: str) -> str: ...
+    async def drop_function(self, name: str, version: str) -> bool: ...
     async def list_jobs(self) -> List[JobInfo]: ...
     async def get_job(self, job_id: str) -> Optional[JobDescription]: ...
     async def cancel_job(self, job_id: str) -> bool: ...

python/python/lancedb/db.py

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from typing import (
     Iterable,
     List,
     Literal,
-    Mapping,
     Optional,
     Union,
 )
@@ -688,35 +687,17 @@ class DBConnection(EnforceOverrides):
         """
         raise NotImplementedError("serialize is not supported for this connection type")
 
-    def create_function(
-        self,
-        definition: UdfDefinition,
-        *,
-        secrets: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
-    ) -> FunctionVersion:
+    def create_function(self, definition: UdfDefinition) -> FunctionVersion:
         """Register a scalar Python UDF and wait for its immutable version.
 
-        ``secrets`` must contain exactly the names declared by
-        ``@udf(secrets=[...])``. Values are sent in the create request and
-        stored server-side in the private execution artifact; returned
-        Function and Job metadata contain only the declared names.
         This is the blocking counterpart of :meth:`create_function_async`.
         Local connections raise ``NotImplementedError``.
         """
-        return self.create_function_async(definition, secrets=secrets).wait()
+        return self.create_function_async(definition).wait()
 
-    def create_function_async(
-        self,
-        definition: UdfDefinition,
-        *,
-        secrets: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
-    ) -> Job[FunctionVersion]:
+    def create_function_async(self, definition: UdfDefinition) -> Job[FunctionVersion]:
         """Register a scalar Python UDF through the remote Function catalog.
 
-        ``secrets`` must contain exactly the names declared by
-        ``@udf(secrets=[...])``. Values are sent in the create request and
-        stored server-side in the private execution artifact; returned
-        Function and Job metadata contain only the declared names.
         Submission returns a typed job. The immutable Function version becomes
         available only when :meth:`Job.wait` succeeds. Local connections raise
         ``NotImplementedError``.
@@ -731,6 +712,16 @@ class DBConnection(EnforceOverrides):
             "Function catalog operations are not supported for this connection type"
         )
 
+    def drop_function(self, name: str, *, version: str) -> bool:
+        """Drop one exact immutable Function version from the remote catalog.
+
+        Returns True when the version changed to Dropped and False for an
+        idempotent replay. Local connections raise NotImplementedError.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Function catalog operations are not supported for this connection type"
+        )
+
     def job(self, job_id: str) -> Job:
         """A [Job][lancedb.job.Job] handle for a server-side job by id.
 
@@ -1424,19 +1415,18 @@ class LanceDBConnection(DBConnection):
         return Job(self._conn.job(job_id))
 
     @override
-    def create_function_async(
-        self,
-        definition: UdfDefinition,
-        *,
-        secrets: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
-    ) -> Job[FunctionVersion]:
-        job = LOOP.run(self._conn.create_function_async(definition, secrets=secrets))
+    def create_function_async(self, definition: UdfDefinition) -> Job[FunctionVersion]:
+        job = LOOP.run(self._conn.create_function_async(definition))
         return Job(job)
 
     @override
     def get_function(self, name: str, *, version: str) -> FunctionVersion:
         return LOOP.run(self._conn.get_function(name, version=version))
 
+    @override
+    def drop_function(self, name: str, *, version: str) -> bool:
+        return LOOP.run(self._conn.drop_function(name, version=version))
+
     @override
     def list_jobs(self) -> List[JobInfo]:
         """List server-side jobs across the database's tables."""
@@ -2249,24 +2239,17 @@ class AsyncConnection(object):
         return AsyncJob(self._inner.job(job_id))
 
     async def create_function_async(
-        self,
-        definition: UdfDefinition,
-        *,
-        secrets: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
+        self, definition: UdfDefinition
     ) -> AsyncJob[FunctionVersion]:
         """Register a scalar Python UDF through the remote Function catalog.
 
-        ``secrets`` must contain exactly the names declared by
-        ``@udf(secrets=[...])``. Values are sent in the create request and
-        stored server-side in the private execution artifact; returned
-        Function and Job metadata contain only the declared names.
         The returned typed job resolves to the immutable Function version.
         Local connections raise ``NotImplementedError``.
         """
         if not isinstance(definition, UdfDefinition):
             raise TypeError("create_function_async requires a @udf definition")
         inner = await self._inner.create_function_async(
-            definition._submission_json(secrets)
+            definition.registration_request.to_canonical_json()
         )
         return _typed_job(inner, FunctionVersion.from_json)
 
@@ -2274,6 +2257,10 @@ class AsyncConnection(object):
         """Open one exact immutable Function version from the remote catalog."""
         return FunctionVersion.from_json(await self._inner.get_function(name, version))
 
+    async def drop_function(self, name: str, *, version: str) -> bool:
+        """Drop one exact immutable Function version from the remote catalog."""
+        return await self._inner.drop_function(name, version)
+
     async def list_jobs(self) -> List[JobInfo]:
         """List server-side jobs across the database's tables."""
         return await self._inner.list_jobs()

python/python/lancedb/functions.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 """Canonical Function values exchanged with LanceDB Enterprise services.
 
 These immutable models contain client/wire state only. Catalog persistence,
-environment bake, secret resolution, and execution are owned by Sophon.
+environment bake, and execution are owned by Sophon.
 ``RefreshColumnResult`` is also the backend-neutral result of a local
 expression-backed refresh job.
 """
@@ -49,11 +49,25 @@ from pydantic import (
     model_validator,
 )
 
+from .schema import is_blob_v2_field as _is_blob_v2_field
+
 _Int32 = conint(strict=True, ge=-(2**31), le=2**31 - 1)
 _UInt32 = conint(strict=True, ge=0, le=2**32 - 1)
 _UInt64 = conint(strict=True, ge=0, le=2**64 - 1)
 
 
+def _validate_gpu_wire_marker(value: Any) -> bool:
+    if value is not True:
+        raise ValueError("runtime.gpu must be true")
+    return True
+
+
+def _normalize_gpu_marker(value: bool) -> Optional[bool]:
+    if not isinstance(value, bool):
+        raise ValueError("gpu must be a boolean")
+    return True if value else None
+
+
 class _FrozenDict(dict):
     def _immutable(self, *args, **kwargs):
         raise TypeError("remote canonical values are immutable")
@@ -229,7 +243,7 @@ class PythonEnvironmentSpec(_RemoteValue):
 
 
 class PythonRuntimeSpec(_RemoteValue):
-    """Remote runtime definition with non-secret environment values.
+    """Remote runtime definition with environment values.
 
     V1 supports ``kind="python"``. Newer runtime kinds remain readable, while
     their unknown payload fields are intentionally not retained by the client.
@@ -239,6 +253,23 @@ class PythonRuntimeSpec(_RemoteValue):
     python_version: Optional[str] = None
     environment: Optional[PythonEnvironmentSpec] = None
     env: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None
+    gpu: Optional[bool] = None
+
+    @model_validator(mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _discard_unknown_runtime_payload(cls, value):
+        if isinstance(value, Mapping):
+            kind = value.get("kind")
+            if isinstance(kind, str) and kind not in {"python", "python_v2"}:
+                return {"kind": kind}
+        return value
+
+    @field_validator("gpu", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _validate_gpu_marker(cls, value):
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        return _validate_gpu_wire_marker(value)
 
     @model_validator(mode="after")
     def _validate_runtime_kind(self):
@@ -247,18 +278,28 @@ class PythonRuntimeSpec(_RemoteValue):
                 raise ValueError("python runtime requires python_version")
             if self.environment is None:
                 raise ValueError("python runtime requires environment")
+            if self.gpu is not None:
+                raise ValueError("python runtime with gpu requires kind='python_v2'")
+        elif self.kind == "python_v2":
+            if self.python_version is None:
+                raise ValueError("python_v2 runtime requires python_version")
+            if self.environment is None:
+                raise ValueError("python_v2 runtime requires environment")
+            if self.gpu is None:
+                raise ValueError("python_v2 runtime requires gpu")
         else:
             object.__setattr__(self, "python_version", None)
             object.__setattr__(self, "environment", None)
             object.__setattr__(self, "env", None)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "gpu", None)
         return self
 
 
 class FunctionVersion(_RemoteValue):
     """An exact immutable Function version returned by Enterprise.
 
-    Scheduling resources, priority, concurrency, and retry policy belong to
-    the submitting Job and are not part of this identity.
+    The GPU execution requirement is part of this identity. CPU and memory sizing,
+    priority, concurrency, and retry policy belong to the execution platform.
     """
 
     name: str
@@ -268,7 +309,6 @@ class FunctionVersion(_RemoteValue):
     runtime: PythonRuntimeSpec
     runtime_digest: str
     environment_digest: str
-    required_secrets: tuple[str, ...] = ()
     created_at: str
 
     def __call__(self, **inputs: Any) -> FunctionApplication:
@@ -330,17 +370,12 @@ class FunctionVersion(_RemoteValue):
 
 
 class FunctionRegistrationRequest(_RemoteValue):
-    """Stable remote registration envelope produced by :func:`udf`.
-
-    Only secret names are represented. Secret values are supplied separately
-    when the definition is submitted and are not part of this durable value.
-    """
+    """Stable remote registration envelope produced by :func:`udf`."""
 
     name: str
     artifact: FunctionArtifactRequest
     signature: FunctionSignature
     runtime: PythonRuntimeSpec
-    required_secrets: tuple[str, ...] = ()
 
 
 class FunctionVersionRef(_OpenRemoteValue):
@@ -485,27 +520,13 @@ class RefreshColumnResult(_RemoteValue):
 
 
 _FUNCTION_NAME = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_.-]*$")
-_SECRET_NAME = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$")
-# Keep this byte limit aligned with Sophon's MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES.
-_MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES = 64 * 1024
-_MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUES_BYTES = 512 * 1024
-
-
-def _validate_secret_value(name: str, value: Any) -> str:
-    """Validate one secret value before building the create request."""
-    if not isinstance(value, str):
-        raise TypeError(f"Function secret {name!r} value must be a string")
-    if not value:
-        raise ValueError(f"Function secret {name!r} value must be non-empty")
-    if "\0" in value:
-        raise ValueError(f"Function secret {name!r} value must not contain NUL")
-    value_bytes = len(value.encode("utf-8"))
-    if value_bytes > _MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES:
-        raise ValueError(
-            f"Function secret {name!r} value exceeds the "
-            f"{_MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES}-byte limit"
-        )
-    return value
+_FUNCTION_BLOB_V2_TYPE = "blob_v2"
+_ARROW_EXTENSION_NAME_KEY = "ARROW:extension:name"
+_BLOB_V2_EXTENSION_NAME = "lance.blob.v2"
+_NESTED_BLOB_COLLECTION_ERROR = (
+    "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: Blob v2 fields nested under "
+    "collection types are not supported"
+)
 
 
 _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES = (
@@ -522,6 +543,7 @@ _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES = (
     (pa.float32(), "float32"),
     (pa.float64(), "float64"),
     (pa.string(), "utf8"),
+    (pa.large_string(), "large_utf8"),
     (pa.binary(), "binary"),
     (pa.date32(), "date32"),
     (pa.date64(), "date64"),
@@ -529,31 +551,258 @@ _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES = (
 
 
 def _canonical_arrow_type(data_type: pa.DataType) -> str:
-    """The server's V1 Function type grammar. Anything outside it is rejected
-    here rather than at registration."""
+    """The compact Function grammar, or canonical exact JSON for nested types."""
+    grammar = _grammar_arrow_type(data_type)
+    if grammar is not None:
+        return grammar
+    exact = _exact_arrow_type(data_type)
+    return json.dumps(exact, ensure_ascii=False, sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"))
+
+
+def _grammar_arrow_type(data_type: pa.DataType) -> Optional[str]:
     for candidate, name in _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES:
         if data_type == candidate:
             return name
     if pa.types.is_list(data_type) or pa.types.is_large_list(data_type):
+        item = _grammar_list_item(data_type)
+        if item is None:
+            return None
         prefix = "list" if pa.types.is_list(data_type) else "large_list"
-        return f"{prefix}<{_canonical_list_item(data_type)}>"
+        return f"{prefix}<{item}>"
     if pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(data_type) and data_type.list_size > 0:
-        return (
-            f"fixed_size_list<{_canonical_list_item(data_type)}, {data_type.list_size}>"
-        )
-    raise TypeError(f"unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: {data_type}")
+        item = _grammar_list_item(data_type)
+        if item is not None:
+            return f"fixed_size_list<{item}, {data_type.list_size}>"
+    return None
 
 
-def _canonical_list_item(data_type: pa.DataType) -> str:
+def _grammar_list_item(data_type: pa.DataType) -> Optional[str]:
     """The grammar names only the item type; it always means a non-nullable
-    child called `item`, so any other child metadata cannot be represented."""
+    child called `item`, so other child properties require exact JSON."""
     child = data_type.value_field
     if child.name != "item" or child.nullable or child.metadata:
+        return None
+    return _grammar_arrow_type(child.type)
+
+
+def _validate_exact_arrow_field(field: pa.Field) -> None:
+    if not field.name:
         raise TypeError(
-            "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: list items must be a "
-            f"non-nullable field named 'item', got {child}"
+            "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: field names "
+            "must not be empty"
         )
-    return _canonical_arrow_type(child.type)
+    if _is_blob_v2_field(field):
+        if not _has_supported_blob_v2_layout(field):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: lance.blob.v2 "
+                f"requires a supported Blob storage layout, got {field}"
+            )
+        metadata = {
+            (key.decode() if isinstance(key, bytes) else key): (
+                value.decode() if isinstance(value, bytes) else value
+            )
+            for key, value in (field.metadata or {}).items()
+        }
+        if metadata and metadata != {
+            _ARROW_EXTENSION_NAME_KEY: _BLOB_V2_EXTENSION_NAME
+        }:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: lance.blob.v2 "
+                "field metadata must contain only its canonical extension marker"
+            )
+    elif field.metadata:
+        raise TypeError(
+            "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: field metadata "
+            f"is not supported, got {field}"
+        )
+
+
+def _has_supported_blob_v2_layout(field: pa.Field) -> bool:
+    data_type = field.type
+    if isinstance(data_type, pa.ExtensionType):
+        data_type = data_type.storage_type
+    if not pa.types.is_struct(data_type):
+        return False
+
+    fields = tuple(data_type)
+
+    def matches(spec, compare_nullable) -> bool:
+        return len(fields) == len(spec) and all(
+            actual.name == name
+            and actual.type == expected_type
+            and (not check_nullable or actual.nullable == nullable)
+            for actual, (name, expected_type, nullable), check_nullable in zip(
+                fields, spec, compare_nullable
+            )
+        )
+
+    logical_minimal = (
+        ("data", pa.large_binary(), True),
+        ("uri", pa.utf8(), True),
+    )
+    logical_full = logical_minimal + (
+        ("position", pa.uint64(), True),
+        ("size", pa.uint64(), True),
+    )
+    prepared = (
+        ("kind", pa.uint8(), True),
+        ("data", pa.large_binary(), True),
+        ("uri", pa.utf8(), True),
+        ("blob_id", pa.uint32(), True),
+        ("blob_size", pa.uint64(), True),
+        ("position", pa.uint64(), True),
+    )
+    descriptor = (
+        ("kind", pa.uint8(), False),
+        ("position", pa.uint64(), False),
+        ("size", pa.uint64(), False),
+        ("blob_id", pa.uint32(), False),
+        ("blob_uri", pa.utf8(), False),
+    )
+    return (
+        matches(logical_minimal, (True, True))
+        or matches(logical_full, (True, True, False, False))
+        or matches(prepared, (True,) * len(prepared))
+        or matches(descriptor, (False,) * len(descriptor))
+    )
+
+
+def _canonical_arrow_field(field: pa.Field) -> str:
+    _validate_exact_arrow_field(field)
+    if _is_blob_v2_field(field):
+        return _FUNCTION_BLOB_V2_TYPE
+    return _canonical_arrow_type(field.type)
+
+
+def _blob_storage_type(field: pa.Field) -> pa.DataType:
+    data_type = field.type
+    if isinstance(data_type, pa.ExtensionType):
+        return data_type.storage_type
+    return data_type
+
+
+def _exact_blob_storage_type(field: pa.Field) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    storage = _blob_storage_type(field)
+    if not pa.types.is_struct(storage):
+        raise TypeError(
+            "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: lance.blob.v2 "
+            "requires struct storage"
+        )
+    return {
+        "type": "struct",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": child.name,
+                "nullable": child.nullable,
+                "type": (
+                    {"type": "large_binary"}
+                    if pa.types.is_large_binary(child.type)
+                    else _exact_arrow_type(child.type)
+                ),
+            }
+            for child in storage
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+def _data_type_has_blob_v2(data_type: pa.DataType) -> bool:
+    if pa.types.is_struct(data_type):
+        return any(
+            _is_blob_v2_field(field) or _data_type_has_blob_v2(field.type)
+            for field in data_type
+        )
+    if (
+        pa.types.is_list(data_type)
+        or pa.types.is_large_list(data_type)
+        or pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(data_type)
+    ):
+        field = data_type.value_field
+        return _is_blob_v2_field(field) or _data_type_has_blob_v2(field.type)
+    if pa.types.is_map(data_type):
+        return any(
+            _is_blob_v2_field(field) or _data_type_has_blob_v2(field.type)
+            for field in (data_type.key_field, data_type.item_field)
+        )
+    return False
+
+
+def _exact_arrow_field(
+    field: pa.Field, *, inside_collection: bool = False
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    _validate_exact_arrow_field(field)
+    if _is_blob_v2_field(field):
+        if inside_collection:
+            raise TypeError(_NESTED_BLOB_COLLECTION_ERROR)
+        return {
+            "name": field.name,
+            "nullable": field.nullable,
+            "type": _exact_blob_storage_type(field),
+            "metadata": {
+                _ARROW_EXTENSION_NAME_KEY: _BLOB_V2_EXTENSION_NAME,
+            },
+        }
+    value = {
+        "name": field.name,
+        "nullable": field.nullable,
+        "type": _exact_arrow_type(field.type, inside_collection=inside_collection),
+    }
+    return value
+
+
+def _exact_arrow_type(
+    data_type: pa.DataType, *, inside_collection: bool = False
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    for candidate, name in _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES:
+        if data_type == candidate:
+            return {"type": name}
+    if pa.types.is_struct(data_type):
+        fields = list(data_type)
+        names = [field.name for field in fields]
+        if not fields or len(set(names)) != len(names):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: structs must have "
+                "non-empty, uniquely named fields"
+            )
+        return {
+            "type": "struct",
+            "fields": [
+                _exact_arrow_field(field, inside_collection=inside_collection)
+                for field in fields
+            ],
+        }
+    if (
+        pa.types.is_list(data_type)
+        or pa.types.is_large_list(data_type)
+        or pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(data_type)
+    ):
+        if pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(data_type):
+            if data_type.value_field.name != "item":
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: fixed-size list "
+                    "items must be named 'item'"
+                )
+            if data_type.list_size <= 0:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: {data_type}"
+                )
+        value: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "type": (
+                "list"
+                if pa.types.is_list(data_type)
+                else "large_list"
+                if pa.types.is_large_list(data_type)
+                else "fixed_size_list"
+            ),
+            "fields": [
+                _exact_arrow_field(data_type.value_field, inside_collection=True)
+            ],
+        }
+        if pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(data_type):
+            value["length"] = data_type.list_size
+        return value
+    if pa.types.is_map(data_type) and _data_type_has_blob_v2(data_type):
+        raise TypeError(_NESTED_BLOB_COLLECTION_ERROR)
+    raise TypeError(f"unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: {data_type}")
 
 
 def _list_of(item: pa.DataType) -> pa.DataType:
@@ -627,8 +876,15 @@ def _callable_parameters(function: Callable[..., Any]) -> tuple[inspect.Paramete
 
 def _function_output(output: pa.DataType | pa.Field | pa.Schema) -> FunctionOutput:
     if isinstance(output, pa.Schema):
+        if output.metadata:
+            raise TypeError("Function output schema metadata is not supported")
         fields = tuple(output)
-    elif isinstance(output, pa.Field) and pa.types.is_struct(output.type):
+    elif (
+        isinstance(output, pa.Field)
+        and not _is_blob_v2_field(output)
+        and pa.types.is_struct(output.type)
+    ):
+        _validate_exact_arrow_field(output)
         if output.nullable:
             raise ValueError("Function output must be non-nullable")
         fields = tuple(output.type)
@@ -644,11 +900,12 @@ def _function_output(output: pa.DataType | pa.Field | pa.Schema) -> FunctionOutp
             raise TypeError(
                 "output_schema must be a PyArrow DataType, Field, or Schema"
             )
+        _validate_exact_arrow_field(field)
         if field.nullable:
             raise ValueError("Function output must be non-nullable")
         return FunctionOutput(
             kind="scalar",
-            arrow_type=_canonical_arrow_type(field.type),
+            arrow_type=_canonical_arrow_field(field),
             nullable=False,
         )
 
@@ -656,6 +913,8 @@ def _function_output(output: pa.DataType | pa.Field | pa.Schema) -> FunctionOutp
         raise ValueError("named-struct Function output must contain at least one field")
     if any(field.nullable for field in fields):
         raise ValueError("Function output fields must be non-nullable")
+    for field in fields:
+        _validate_exact_arrow_field(field)
     names = [field.name for field in fields]
     if len(set(names)) != len(names):
         raise ValueError("Function output field names must be unique")
@@ -664,7 +923,7 @@ def _function_output(output: pa.DataType | pa.Field | pa.Schema) -> FunctionOutp
         fields=tuple(
             FunctionResultField(
                 name=field.name,
-                arrow_type=_canonical_arrow_type(field.type),
+                arrow_type=_canonical_arrow_field(field),
                 nullable=False,
             )
             for field in fields
@@ -684,6 +943,10 @@ def _infer_signature(
     if input_schema is not None:
         if not isinstance(input_schema, pa.Schema):
             raise TypeError("input_schema must be a PyArrow Schema")
+        if input_schema.metadata:
+            raise TypeError("Function input schema metadata is not supported")
+        for field in input_schema:
+            _validate_exact_arrow_field(field)
         expected = tuple(parameter.name for parameter in parameters)
         actual = tuple(input_schema.names)
         if actual != expected:
@@ -694,7 +957,7 @@ def _infer_signature(
         inputs = tuple(
             FunctionParameter(
                 name=field.name,
-                arrow_type=_canonical_arrow_type(field.type),
+                arrow_type=_canonical_arrow_field(field),
                 nullable=field.nullable,
             )
             for field in input_schema
@@ -717,7 +980,9 @@ def _infer_signature(
         inputs.append(
             FunctionParameter(
                 name=parameter.name,
-                arrow_type=_canonical_arrow_type(data_type),
+                arrow_type=_canonical_arrow_field(
+                    pa.field(parameter.name, data_type, nullable=nullable)
+                ),
                 nullable=nullable,
             )
         )
@@ -936,8 +1201,8 @@ class UdfDefinition:
         output_schema: Optional[pa.DataType | pa.Field | pa.Schema],
         pip: tuple[str, ...],
         env: Mapping[str, str],
-        secrets: tuple[str, ...],
         python_version: Optional[str],
+        gpu: bool = False,
         conda: tuple[str, ...] = (),
         conda_channels: tuple[str, ...] = (),
     ):
@@ -963,26 +1228,17 @@ class UdfDefinition:
             for key, value in environment.items()
         ):
             raise TypeError("Function env keys and values must be strings")
-        required_secrets = tuple(sorted(set(secrets)))
-        invalid_secrets = [
-            secret for secret in required_secrets if not _SECRET_NAME.fullmatch(secret)
-        ]
-        if invalid_secrets:
-            raise ValueError(f"invalid Function secret names: {invalid_secrets!r}")
-        overlap = set(environment) & set(required_secrets)
-        if overlap:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Function env and secret names must be disjoint: {sorted(overlap)!r}"
-            )
         signature = _infer_signature(function, input_schema, output_schema)
         source = _package_source(function)
         digest = f"sha256:{hashlib.sha256(source).hexdigest()}"
+        gpu_marker = _normalize_gpu_marker(gpu)
         runtime = PythonRuntimeSpec(
-            kind="python",
+            kind="python_v2" if gpu_marker is not None else "python",
             python_version=python_version
             or f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}",
             environment=environment_spec,
             env=environment,
+            gpu=gpu_marker,
         )
         self._function = function
         self._request = FunctionRegistrationRequest(
@@ -1002,65 +1258,14 @@ class UdfDefinition:
             ),
             signature=signature,
             runtime=runtime,
-            required_secrets=required_secrets,
         )
         functools.update_wrapper(self, function)
 
     @property
     def registration_request(self) -> FunctionRegistrationRequest:
-        """The immutable, value-free client model for a Function submission."""
+        """The immutable request sent by ``create_function_async``."""
         return self._request
 
-    def _submission_json(self, secrets: Optional[Mapping[str, str]]) -> str:
-        """Build one registration submission without retaining values on self."""
-        if secrets is None:
-            secret_values: Mapping[str, str] = {}
-        elif not isinstance(secrets, Mapping):
-            raise TypeError("Function secrets must be a mapping of names to strings")
-        else:
-            secret_values = secrets
-
-        if any(not isinstance(name, str) for name in secret_values):
-            raise TypeError("Function secret names must be strings")
-        expected = set(self._request.required_secrets)
-        provided = set(secret_values)
-        if provided != expected:
-            missing = sorted(expected - provided)
-            unexpected = sorted(provided - expected)
-            details = []
-            if missing:
-                details.append(f"missing: {missing!r}")
-            if unexpected:
-                details.append(f"unexpected: {unexpected!r}")
-            raise ValueError(
-                "Function secret values must exactly match the declared secrets ("
-                + "; ".join(details)
-                + ")"
-            )
-
-        canonical_values = {}
-        total_bytes = 0
-        for name in sorted(secret_values):
-            value = _validate_secret_value(name, secret_values[name])
-            total_bytes += len(value.encode("utf-8"))
-            if total_bytes > _MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUES_BYTES:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "Function secret values exceed the "
-                    f"{_MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUES_BYTES}-byte request limit"
-                )
-            canonical_values[name] = value
-
-        submission = self._request._known_dict()
-        if canonical_values:
-            submission["secret_values"] = canonical_values
-        return json.dumps(
-            submission,
-            ensure_ascii=False,
-            allow_nan=False,
-            sort_keys=True,
-            separators=(",", ":"),
-        )
-
     def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         return self._function(*args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -1078,8 +1283,8 @@ def udf(
     output_schema: Optional[pa.DataType | pa.Field | pa.Schema] = None,
     pip: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
     env: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
-    secrets: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
     python_version: Optional[str] = None,
+    gpu: bool = False,
     conda: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
     conda_channels: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
 ) -> Callable[[Callable[..., Any]], UdfDefinition]: ...
@@ -1093,8 +1298,8 @@ def udf(
     output_schema: Optional[pa.DataType | pa.Field | pa.Schema] = None,
     pip: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
     env: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
-    secrets: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
     python_version: Optional[str] = None,
+    gpu: bool = False,
     conda: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
     conda_channels: tuple[str, ...] | list[str] = (),
 ):
@@ -1124,12 +1329,13 @@ def udf(
     conda_channels : sequence of str, optional
         Conda channels in priority order; requires ``conda``.
     env : mapping of str to str, optional
-        Non-secret environment variables. Use ``secrets`` for credentials.
-    secrets : sequence of str, optional
-        Names of secrets required by the callable. Supply their values separately
-        to ``create_function`` or ``create_function_async``.
+        Environment variables included in the Function definition.
     python_version : str, optional
         Remote Python major/minor version. Defaults to the client version.
+    gpu : bool, default False
+        Whether every remote execution requires a GPU. The execution platform
+        selects one compatible GPU for each worker. The requirement is part of
+        the immutable Function version.
 
     The packaged artifact is a snapshot: the function source plus exactly
     the module-level names it references (modules as imports, importable
@@ -1149,15 +1355,16 @@ def udf(
     Examples
     --------
     >>> from lancedb import udf
-    >>> @udf(pip=["numpy==2.2.0"], secrets=["MODEL_TOKEN"])
+    >>> @udf(pip=["numpy==2.2.0"])
     ... def score(value: float) -> float:
     ...     return value * 2
     >>> score(1.5)
     3.0
-    >>> db.create_function(  # doctest: +SKIP
-    ...     score, secrets={"MODEL_TOKEN": "user-secret-value"}
-    ... )
-
+    >>> @udf(pip=["cupy-cuda12x"], gpu=True)
+    ... def gpu_score(value: int) -> int:
+    ...     return value * 2
+    >>> gpu_score.registration_request.runtime.gpu
+    True
     """
 
     def decorate(target: Callable[..., Any]) -> UdfDefinition:
@@ -1168,8 +1375,8 @@ def udf(
             output_schema=output_schema,
             pip=tuple(pip),
             env={} if env is None else env,
-            secrets=tuple(secrets),
             python_version=python_version,
+            gpu=gpu,
             conda=tuple(conda),
             conda_channels=tuple(conda_channels),
         )

python/python/lancedb/remote/db.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import json
 import logging
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 import sys
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Mapping, Optional, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Union
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 import warnings
 
@@ -742,20 +742,17 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
         return Job(self._conn.job(job_id))
 
     @override
-    def create_function_async(
-        self,
-        definition: UdfDefinition,
-        *,
-        secrets: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
-    ) -> Job[FunctionVersion]:
-        return Job(
-            LOOP.run(self._conn.create_function_async(definition, secrets=secrets))
-        )
+    def create_function_async(self, definition: UdfDefinition) -> Job[FunctionVersion]:
+        return Job(LOOP.run(self._conn.create_function_async(definition)))
 
     @override
     def get_function(self, name: str, *, version: str) -> FunctionVersion:
         return LOOP.run(self._conn.get_function(name, version=version))
 
+    @override
+    def drop_function(self, name: str, *, version: str) -> bool:
+        return LOOP.run(self._conn.drop_function(name, version=version))
+
     @override
     def list_jobs(self) -> List["JobInfo"]:
         """List server-side jobs across the database's tables."""

python/python/lancedb/remote/table.py

@@ -67,7 +67,15 @@ from ..query import (
     LanceTakeQueryBuilder,
     LanceVectorQueryBuilder,
 )
-from ..table import AsyncTable, BlobMode, Branches, IndexStatistics, Query, Table, Tags
+from ..table import (
+    AsyncTable,
+    BlobMode,
+    Branches,
+    IndexStatistics,
+    Query,
+    Table,
+    Tags,
+)
 from ..types import BaseTokenizerType
 
 

python/python/lancedb/table.py

@@ -2165,9 +2165,11 @@ class Table(ABC):
             Function columns are supported only on LanceDB Cloud and
             Enterprise.
         computed: Dict[str, str], optional
-            A map of column name to a SQL expression defining the column. The
-            column's type and inputs are derived from the expression, so no
-            data type is supplied.
+            A mapping from output column names to SQL expressions derives each
+            output field from its expression. A direct projection of a Blob v2
+            field inherits Blob v2 semantics; other expressions derive their
+            ordinary Arrow type. Mapping order is declaration and dependency
+            order.
 
             Unlike ``transforms``, the expression is stored rather than
             evaluated now: the column is committed with no values, and rows get
@@ -6268,8 +6270,11 @@ class AsyncTable:
             Function columns are supported only on LanceDB Cloud and
             Enterprise.
         computed: Dict[str, str], optional
-            A map of column name to a SQL expression defining the column. The
-            column's type and inputs are derived from the expression.
+            A mapping from output column names to SQL expressions derives each
+            output field from its expression. A direct projection of a Blob v2
+            field inherits Blob v2 semantics; other expressions derive their
+            ordinary Arrow type. Mapping order is declaration and dependency
+            order.
 
             Unlike ``transforms``, the expression is stored rather than
             evaluated now: the column is committed with no values, and rows get

python/python/tests/test_first_class_function_slice1.py

@@ -37,21 +37,6 @@ def job_result(name: str) -> dict:
     return json.loads(fixture(name))["result"]
 
 
-def assert_no_secret_values(value):
-    if isinstance(value, dict):
-        for key, child in value.items():
-            assert key not in {
-                "secret_value",
-                "secret_values",
-                "resolved_secret",
-                "resolved_secrets",
-            }
-            assert_no_secret_values(child)
-    elif isinstance(value, list):
-        for child in value:
-            assert_no_secret_values(child)
-
-
 def test_public_function_values_are_in_api_reference():
     docs = Path(__file__).parents[3] / "docs" / "src" / "python" / "python.md"
     rendered = docs.read_text()
@@ -109,7 +94,6 @@ def test_function_version_identity_is_immutable_and_exact():
     version = FunctionVersion.from_json(json.dumps(value))
     assert version.name == "embed"
     assert version.version == "fv_01K3EXACT"
-    assert version.required_secrets == ("HF_TOKEN",)
 
     with pytest.raises((TypeError, ValueError)):
         version.version = "fv_changed"
@@ -292,15 +276,6 @@ def test_refresh_result_rejects_non_u64_values(field):
         RefreshColumnResult.from_json(json.dumps(value))
 
 
-def test_canonical_client_values_contain_secret_names_only():
-    version = FunctionVersion.from_json(
-        json.dumps(job_result("remote_function_job.json"))
-    )
-    canonical = json.loads(version.to_canonical_json())
-    assert canonical["required_secrets"] == ["HF_TOKEN"]
-    assert_no_secret_values(canonical)
-
-
 class _FunctionDeclarationInner:
     def __init__(self):
         self.calls = []

python/python/tests/test_table.py

@@ -4087,6 +4087,29 @@ def test_computed_column_rejects_transforms_and_computed_together(tmp_path):
         table.add_columns({"a": "x + 1"}, computed={"b": "x * 2"})
 
 
+def test_computed_column_blob_projection_inherits_semantics(tmp_path):
+    schema = pa.schema([pa.field("id", pa.int64()), lancedb.blob("image")])
+    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
+    table = db.create_table("computed_column_blob", schema=schema)
+    table.add(
+        [
+            {"id": 1, "image": b"hello"},
+            {"id": 2, "image": b""},
+            {"id": 3, "image": None},
+        ]
+    )
+
+    table.add_columns(computed={"image_copy": "image", "second_copy": "image_copy"})
+    assert table.refresh_column("image_copy").rows_filled == 2
+    assert table.refresh_column("second_copy").rows_filled == 2
+    assert table.blob_columns() == ["image", "image_copy", "second_copy"]
+
+    hits = table.search().with_row_id(True).limit(10).to_arrow()
+    rows = sorted(zip(hits["id"].to_pylist(), hits["_rowid"].to_pylist()))
+    copied = table.fetch_blobs("second_copy", [row_id for _, row_id in rows])
+    assert copied.to_pylist() == [b"hello", b"", None]
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_computed_column_async(tmp_path):
     db = await lancedb.connect_async(tmp_path)

python/src/connection.rs

@@ -629,6 +629,17 @@ impl Connection {
         })
     }
 
+    pub fn drop_function(
+        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
+        name: String,
+        version: String,
+    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
+        let inner = self_.get_inner()?.clone();
+        future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {
+            inner.drop_function(name, version).await.infer_error()
+        })
+    }
+
     pub fn list_jobs(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
         let inner = self_.get_inner()?.clone();
         future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {

rust/lancedb/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb"
-version = "0.38.0-beta.11"
+version = "0.38.0"
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "LanceDB: A serverless, low-latency vector database for AI applications"
 license.workspace = true

rust/lancedb/src/connection.rs

@@ -523,6 +523,21 @@ impl Connection {
             .await
     }
 
+    /// Drop one exact immutable Function version from the remote catalog.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `true` when the server appended a Dropped transition and
+    /// `false` for an idempotent replay. Local databases return
+    /// [`Error::NotSupported`].
+    pub async fn drop_function(
+        &self,
+        name: impl AsRef<str>,
+        version: impl AsRef<str>,
+    ) -> Result<bool> {
+        self.internal
+            .drop_function(name.as_ref(), version.as_ref())
+            .await
+    }
+
     /// Rename a table in the database.
     ///
     /// This is only supported in LanceDB Cloud.

rust/lancedb/src/database.rs

@@ -307,6 +307,10 @@ pub trait Database:
     ) -> Result<crate::function::FunctionVersion> {
         function_catalog_not_supported()
     }
+    /// Drop one exact immutable Function version from the remote catalog.
+    async fn drop_function(&self, _name: &str, _version: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+        function_catalog_not_supported()
+    }
     /// A [`crate::job::Job`] handle for a server-side job by id, suitable for
     /// waiting on or cancelling the job. The handle is constructed without a
     /// server round trip; an unknown id surfaces when the handle is used.

rust/lancedb/src/database/namespace.rs

@@ -539,9 +539,7 @@ impl Database for LanceNamespaceDatabase {
         self.namespace
             .drop_table(drop_request)
             .await
-            .map_err(|e| Error::Runtime {
-                message: format!("Failed to drop table: {}", e),
-            })?;
+            .map_err(|e| map_namespace_lance_error(e, name))?;
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -1495,6 +1493,15 @@ mod tests {
             .expect("Failed to list tables");
         assert!(!table_names_after.contains(&"drop_test".to_string()));
 
+        let error = conn
+            .drop_table("drop_test", &["test_ns".into()])
+            .await
+            .expect_err("dropping a missing table should fail");
+        assert!(
+            matches!(error, Error::TableNotFound { ref name, .. } if name == "drop_test"),
+            "expected TableNotFound, got: {error:?}"
+        );
+
         // Verify: Cannot open dropped table
         let open_result = conn.open_table("drop_test").execute().await;
         assert!(open_result.is_err());

rust/lancedb/src/function.rs

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 //! backend-neutral terminal result of a computed-column refresh.
 //!
 //! This module contains client/wire values only. Catalog persistence,
-//! environment bake, secret resolution, and execution are owned by Sophon.
+//! environment bake, and execution are owned by Sophon.
 
-use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
 use serde::de::{self, DeserializeOwned};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
@@ -15,15 +15,8 @@ use serde_json::Value;
 
 use crate::{Error, Result};
 
-// Keep these byte limits aligned with Sophon's Function submission validation.
-pub(crate) const MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1024;
-const MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUES_BYTES: usize = 512 * 1024;
-
-fn is_portable_environment_name(name: &str) -> bool {
-    let mut bytes = name.bytes();
-    matches!(bytes.next(), Some(b'A'..=b'Z' | b'a'..=b'z' | b'_'))
-        && bytes.all(|byte| matches!(byte, b'A'..=b'Z' | b'a'..=b'z' | b'0'..=b'9' | b'_'))
-}
+/// Semantic Function type for a Blob v2 value.
+pub const FUNCTION_BLOB_V2_TYPE: &str = "blob_v2";
 
 fn invalid_json(error: impl std::fmt::Display) -> Error {
     Error::InvalidInput {
@@ -208,11 +201,6 @@ pub struct PythonEnvironmentSpec {
 }
 
 /// Reproducible Python runtime definition understood by Sophon.
-///
-/// `env` contains non-secret values. Secret values are submission-only in the
-/// client model and do not become part of this public runtime identity;
-/// [`FunctionVersion::required_secrets`] contains names only. Sophon persists
-/// submitted values separately in the private execution artifact.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum PythonRuntimeSpec {
@@ -222,6 +210,33 @@ pub enum PythonRuntimeSpec {
         environment: PythonEnvironmentSpec,
         env: BTreeMap<String, String>,
     },
+    /// The GPU-enabled Sophon-managed Python runtime.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+    /// use lancedb::function::{PythonEnvironmentSpec, PythonRuntimeSpec};
+    ///
+    /// let runtime = PythonRuntimeSpec::PythonV2 {
+    ///     python_version: "3.12".to_string(),
+    ///     environment: PythonEnvironmentSpec {
+    ///         kind: "pip".to_string(),
+    ///         packages: vec!["cupy-cuda12x".to_string()],
+    ///         channels: Vec::new(),
+    ///         path: None,
+    ///         modules: Vec::new(),
+    ///         image: None,
+    ///     },
+    ///     env: BTreeMap::new(),
+    /// };
+    /// assert!(runtime.requires_gpu());
+    /// ```
+    PythonV2 {
+        python_version: String,
+        environment: PythonEnvironmentSpec,
+        env: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    },
     /// A runtime kind introduced by a newer server.
     ///
     /// Unknown payload fields are intentionally not retained because the
@@ -234,61 +249,101 @@ impl PythonRuntimeSpec {
     pub fn kind(&self) -> &str {
         match self {
             Self::Python { .. } => "python",
+            Self::PythonV2 { .. } => "python_v2",
             Self::Unrecognized { kind } => kind,
         }
     }
 
-    /// The Python version for the V1 runtime, or `None` for an unknown kind.
+    /// The Python version for a known Python runtime, or `None` for an unknown kind.
     pub fn python_version(&self) -> Option<&str> {
         match self {
-            Self::Python { python_version, .. } => Some(python_version),
+            Self::Python { python_version, .. } | Self::PythonV2 { python_version, .. } => {
+                Some(python_version)
+            }
             Self::Unrecognized { .. } => None,
         }
     }
 
-    /// The Python environment for the V1 runtime, or `None` for an unknown kind.
+    /// The Python environment for a known Python runtime, or `None` for an unknown kind.
     pub fn environment(&self) -> Option<&PythonEnvironmentSpec> {
         match self {
-            Self::Python { environment, .. } => Some(environment),
+            Self::Python { environment, .. } | Self::PythonV2 { environment, .. } => {
+                Some(environment)
+            }
             Self::Unrecognized { .. } => None,
         }
     }
 
-    /// Non-secret environment variables, or `None` for an unknown kind.
+    /// Environment variables, or `None` for an unknown kind.
     pub fn env(&self) -> Option<&BTreeMap<String, String>> {
         match self {
-            Self::Python { env, .. } => Some(env),
+            Self::Python { env, .. } | Self::PythonV2 { env, .. } => Some(env),
             Self::Unrecognized { .. } => None,
         }
     }
+
+    /// Whether the runtime requires a GPU selected by the execution platform.
+    pub fn requires_gpu(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::PythonV2 { .. })
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Deserialize)]
-struct PythonRuntimeWire {
-    kind: String,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    python_version: Option<String>,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    environment: Option<PythonEnvironmentSpec>,
+struct PythonRuntimeV1Wire {
+    python_version: String,
+    environment: PythonEnvironmentSpec,
     #[serde(default)]
     env: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    gpu: Option<Value>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct PythonRuntimeV2Wire {
+    python_version: String,
+    environment: PythonEnvironmentSpec,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    env: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    gpu: bool,
 }
 
 impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for PythonRuntimeSpec {
     fn deserialize<D: Deserializer<'de>>(deserializer: D) -> std::result::Result<Self, D::Error> {
-        let wire = PythonRuntimeWire::deserialize(deserializer)?;
-        if wire.kind == "python" {
-            Ok(Self::Python {
-                python_version: wire
-                    .python_version
-                    .ok_or_else(|| de::Error::missing_field("python_version"))?,
-                environment: wire
-                    .environment
-                    .ok_or_else(|| de::Error::missing_field("environment"))?,
-                env: wire.env,
-            })
-        } else {
-            Ok(Self::Unrecognized { kind: wire.kind })
+        let value = Value::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+        let kind = value
+            .get("kind")
+            .ok_or_else(|| de::Error::missing_field("kind"))?
+            .as_str()
+            .ok_or_else(|| de::Error::custom("runtime.kind must be a string"))?
+            .to_string();
+        match kind.as_str() {
+            "python" => {
+                let wire: PythonRuntimeV1Wire =
+                    serde_json::from_value(value).map_err(de::Error::custom)?;
+                if wire.gpu.is_some() {
+                    return Err(de::Error::custom(
+                        "python runtime with gpu requires kind='python_v2'",
+                    ));
+                }
+                Ok(Self::Python {
+                    python_version: wire.python_version,
+                    environment: wire.environment,
+                    env: wire.env,
+                })
+            }
+            "python_v2" => {
+                let wire: PythonRuntimeV2Wire =
+                    serde_json::from_value(value).map_err(de::Error::custom)?;
+                if !wire.gpu {
+                    return Err(de::Error::custom("runtime.gpu must be true"));
+                }
+                Ok(Self::PythonV2 {
+                    python_version: wire.python_version,
+                    environment: wire.environment,
+                    env: wire.env,
+                })
+            }
+            _ => Ok(Self::Unrecognized { kind }),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -302,6 +357,8 @@ impl Serialize for PythonRuntimeSpec {
             environment: &'a PythonEnvironmentSpec,
             #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "BTreeMap::is_empty")]
             env: &'a BTreeMap<String, String>,
+            #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+            gpu: Option<bool>,
         }
 
         #[derive(Serialize)]
@@ -319,6 +376,19 @@ impl Serialize for PythonRuntimeSpec {
                 python_version,
                 environment,
                 env,
+                gpu: None,
+            }
+            .serialize(serializer),
+            Self::PythonV2 {
+                python_version,
+                environment,
+                env,
+            } => PythonRuntimeRef {
+                kind: "python_v2",
+                python_version,
+                environment,
+                env,
+                gpu: Some(true),
             }
             .serialize(serializer),
             Self::Unrecognized { kind } => UnrecognizedRuntimeRef { kind }.serialize(serializer),
@@ -328,8 +398,8 @@ impl Serialize for PythonRuntimeSpec {
 
 /// Immutable Function version returned by the Enterprise catalog.
 ///
-/// Scheduling resources, priority, concurrency, and retry policy belong to
-/// the submitting Job and are not part of this identity.
+/// The GPU execution requirement is part of this identity. CPU and memory sizing,
+/// priority, concurrency, and retry policy belong to the execution platform.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct FunctionVersion {
     name: String,
@@ -339,8 +409,6 @@ pub struct FunctionVersion {
     runtime: PythonRuntimeSpec,
     runtime_digest: String,
     environment_digest: String,
-    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
-    required_secrets: Vec<String>,
     created_at: String,
 }
 
@@ -373,12 +441,6 @@ impl FunctionVersion {
         &self.environment_digest
     }
 
-    /// Required secret names. Resolved values exist only in Sophon's private
-    /// execution artifact and worker launch path.
-    pub fn required_secrets(&self) -> &[String] {
-        &self.required_secrets
-    }
-
     pub fn created_at(&self) -> &str {
         &self.created_at
     }
@@ -420,115 +482,12 @@ pub struct FunctionArtifactRequest {
 }
 
 /// Stable request envelope for remote immutable Function registration.
-///
-/// Secret values are submission-only in the client model. Sophon persists them
-/// in the database-scoped private execution artifact; returned
-/// [`FunctionVersion`] and Job metadata contain only
-/// [`Self::required_secrets`] names. Debug formatting always redacts values.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct FunctionRegistrationRequest {
     pub name: String,
     pub artifact: FunctionArtifactRequest,
     pub signature: FunctionSignature,
     pub runtime: PythonRuntimeSpec,
-    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
-    pub required_secrets: Vec<String>,
-    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "BTreeMap::is_empty")]
-    pub secret_values: BTreeMap<String, String>,
-}
-
-impl FunctionRegistrationRequest {
-    pub(crate) fn validate_secret_values(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut required = BTreeSet::new();
-        for name in &self.required_secrets {
-            if !is_portable_environment_name(name) {
-                return Err(Error::InvalidInput {
-                    message: format!(
-                        "Function secret name {name:?} must be a portable environment variable name"
-                    ),
-                });
-            }
-            if !required.insert(name) {
-                return Err(Error::InvalidInput {
-                    message: format!("Function required_secrets contains duplicate name {name:?}"),
-                });
-            }
-        }
-
-        if let PythonRuntimeSpec::Python { env, .. } = &self.runtime
-            && let Some(name) = required.iter().find(|name| env.contains_key(**name))
-        {
-            return Err(Error::InvalidInput {
-                message: format!(
-                    "Function runtime env and secret names must be disjoint: {name:?}"
-                ),
-            });
-        }
-
-        let provided = self.secret_values.keys().collect::<BTreeSet<_>>();
-        if required != provided {
-            return Err(Error::InvalidInput {
-                message: "Function secret_values keys must exactly match required_secrets"
-                    .to_string(),
-            });
-        }
-
-        let mut total_bytes = 0usize;
-        for (name, value) in &self.secret_values {
-            if value.is_empty() {
-                return Err(Error::InvalidInput {
-                    message: format!("Function secret {name:?} value must be non-empty"),
-                });
-            }
-            if value.contains('\0') {
-                return Err(Error::InvalidInput {
-                    message: format!("Function secret {name:?} value must not contain NUL"),
-                });
-            }
-            if value.len() > MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES {
-                return Err(Error::InvalidInput {
-                    message: format!(
-                        "Function secret {name:?} value exceeds the \
-                         {MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES}-byte limit"
-                    ),
-                });
-            }
-            total_bytes =
-                total_bytes
-                    .checked_add(value.len())
-                    .ok_or_else(|| Error::InvalidInput {
-                        message: "Function secret values exceed the request byte limit".to_string(),
-                    })?;
-        }
-        if total_bytes > MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUES_BYTES {
-            return Err(Error::InvalidInput {
-                message: format!(
-                    "Function secret values exceed the \
-                     {MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUES_BYTES}-byte request limit"
-                ),
-            });
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Debug for FunctionRegistrationRequest {
-    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let secret_values = self
-            .secret_values
-            .keys()
-            .map(|name| (name, "[REDACTED]"))
-            .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
-        formatter
-            .debug_struct("FunctionRegistrationRequest")
-            .field("name", &self.name)
-            .field("artifact", &self.artifact)
-            .field("signature", &self.signature)
-            .field("runtime", &self.runtime)
-            .field("required_secrets", &self.required_secrets)
-            .field("secret_values", &secret_values)
-            .finish()
-    }
 }
 
 impl_json!(FunctionRegistrationRequest);
@@ -713,188 +672,9 @@ impl RefreshColumnResult {
 
 impl_json!(RefreshColumnResult);
 
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod secret_value_tests {
-    use super::{
-        FunctionRegistrationRequest, MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES,
-        MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUES_BYTES, PythonRuntimeSpec,
-    };
-    use crate::Error;
-
-    fn request() -> FunctionRegistrationRequest {
-        FunctionRegistrationRequest::from_json(include_str!(
-            "../tests/fixtures/first_class_functions/v1/remote_function_registration_request.json"
-        ))
-        .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn validates_secret_name_and_value_invariants() {
-        let missing = request();
-        assert!(matches!(
-            missing.validate_secret_values(),
-            Err(Error::InvalidInput { message }) if message.contains("exactly match")
-        ));
-
-        let mut empty = request();
-        empty
-            .secret_values
-            .insert("API_TOKEN".to_string(), String::new());
-        assert!(matches!(
-            empty.validate_secret_values(),
-            Err(Error::InvalidInput { message }) if message.contains("non-empty")
-        ));
-
-        let mut nul = request();
-        nul.secret_values
-            .insert("API_TOKEN".to_string(), "before\0after".to_string());
-        assert!(matches!(
-            nul.validate_secret_values(),
-            Err(Error::InvalidInput { message }) if message.contains("NUL")
-        ));
-
-        let mut unexpected = request();
-        unexpected
-            .secret_values
-            .insert("OTHER".to_string(), "value".to_string());
-        assert!(matches!(
-            unexpected.validate_secret_values(),
-            Err(Error::InvalidInput { message }) if message.contains("exactly match")
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn rejects_invalid_duplicate_and_overlapping_secret_declarations() {
-        let mut invalid_name = request();
-        invalid_name.required_secrets = vec!["BAD=NAME".to_string()];
-        invalid_name
-            .secret_values
-            .insert("BAD=NAME".to_string(), "secret".to_string());
-
-        let mut duplicate = request();
-        duplicate.required_secrets = vec!["API_TOKEN".to_string(), "API_TOKEN".to_string()];
-        duplicate
-            .secret_values
-            .insert("API_TOKEN".to_string(), "secret".to_string());
-
-        let mut overlap = request();
-        overlap
-            .secret_values
-            .insert("API_TOKEN".to_string(), "secret".to_string());
-        if let PythonRuntimeSpec::Python { env, .. } = &mut overlap.runtime {
-            env.insert("API_TOKEN".to_string(), "public".to_string());
-        }
-
-        assert!(matches!(
-            invalid_name.validate_secret_values(),
-            Err(Error::InvalidInput { message }) if message.contains("portable environment variable")
-        ));
-        assert!(matches!(
-            duplicate.validate_secret_values(),
-            Err(Error::InvalidInput { message }) if message.contains("duplicate")
-        ));
-        assert!(matches!(
-            overlap.validate_secret_values(),
-            Err(Error::InvalidInput { message }) if message.contains("must be disjoint")
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn enforces_portable_secret_name_boundaries() {
-        for name in ["A", "_", "A0_"] {
-            let mut request = request();
-            request.required_secrets = vec![name.to_string()];
-            request
-                .secret_values
-                .insert(name.to_string(), "secret".to_string());
-            request.validate_secret_values().unwrap();
-        }
-
-        for name in ["", "0TOKEN", "BAD-NAME", "TÖKEN"] {
-            let mut request = request();
-            request.required_secrets = vec![name.to_string()];
-            request
-                .secret_values
-                .insert(name.to_string(), "secret".to_string());
-            assert!(matches!(
-                request.validate_secret_values(),
-                Err(Error::InvalidInput { message })
-                    if message.contains("portable environment variable")
-            ));
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn accepts_exact_secret_value_utf8_byte_limit() {
-        for value in [
-            "x".repeat(MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES),
-            "é".repeat(MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES / "é".len()),
-        ] {
-            assert_eq!(value.len(), MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES);
-            let mut request = request();
-            request.secret_values.insert("API_TOKEN".to_string(), value);
-            request.validate_secret_values().unwrap();
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn rejects_secret_value_over_utf8_byte_limit() {
-        for value in [
-            "x".repeat(MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES + 1),
-            "é".repeat(MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES / "é".len() + 1),
-        ] {
-            assert!(value.len() > MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES);
-            let mut request = request();
-            request.secret_values.insert("API_TOKEN".to_string(), value);
-            assert!(matches!(
-                request.validate_secret_values(),
-                Err(Error::InvalidInput { message }) if message.contains("65536-byte limit")
-            ));
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn rejects_aggregate_secret_value_bytes_over_server_limit() {
-        let mut request = request();
-        request.required_secrets = (0..9).map(|index| format!("SECRET_{index}")).collect();
-        request.secret_values = request
-            .required_secrets
-            .iter()
-            .map(|name| (name.clone(), "x".repeat(MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES)))
-            .collect();
-
-        assert!(matches!(
-            request.validate_secret_values(),
-            Err(Error::InvalidInput { message })
-                if message.contains(&format!("{MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUES_BYTES}-byte request limit"))
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn accepts_exact_aggregate_secret_value_byte_limit() {
-        let mut request = request();
-        request.required_secrets = (0..8).map(|index| format!("SECRET_{index}")).collect();
-        request.secret_values = request
-            .required_secrets
-            .iter()
-            .map(|name| (name.clone(), "x".repeat(MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES)))
-            .collect();
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            request
-                .secret_values
-                .values()
-                .map(String::len)
-                .sum::<usize>(),
-            MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUES_BYTES
-        );
-        request.validate_secret_values().unwrap();
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod conda_environment_tests {
-    use super::PythonEnvironmentSpec;
+    use super::{PythonEnvironmentSpec, PythonRuntimeSpec};
 
     #[test]
     fn conda_channels_round_trip_and_pip_stays_bare() {
@@ -913,4 +693,45 @@ mod conda_environment_tests {
             serde_json::from_str(r#"{"kind":"pip","packages":["numpy"]}"#).unwrap();
         assert!(!serde_json::to_string(&pip).unwrap().contains("channels"));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn gpu_python_runtime_marker_round_trips_and_validates() {
+        let runtime: PythonRuntimeSpec = serde_json::from_str(
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v2","python_version":"3.12","environment":{"kind":"pip"},"gpu":true}"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(runtime.kind(), "python_v2");
+        assert!(runtime.requires_gpu());
+        assert_eq!(
+            super::canonical_json(&runtime).unwrap(),
+            r#"{"environment":{"kind":"pip"},"gpu":true,"kind":"python_v2","python_version":"3.12"}"#
+        );
+
+        for invalid in [
+            r#"{"kind":"python","python_version":"3.12","environment":{"kind":"pip"},"gpu":true}"#,
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v2","python_version":"3.12","environment":{"kind":"pip"}}"#,
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v2","python_version":"3.12","environment":{"kind":"pip"},"gpu":1}"#,
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v2","python_version":"3.12","environment":{"kind":"pip"},"gpu":false}"#,
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v2","python_version":"3.12","environment":{"kind":"pip"},"gpu":"true"}"#,
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v2","python_version":"3.12","environment":{"kind":"pip"},"gpu":"H100"}"#,
+        ] {
+            assert!(serde_json::from_str::<PythonRuntimeSpec>(invalid).is_err());
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unknown_runtime_discards_payload_before_known_field_validation() {
+        for encoded in [
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v3","gpu":{"model":"H100"}}"#,
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v3","resources":[]}"#,
+            r#"{"kind":"python_v3","python_version":3.15,"environment":{"kind":[]}}"#,
+        ] {
+            let runtime: PythonRuntimeSpec = serde_json::from_str(encoded).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(runtime.kind(), "python_v3");
+            assert_eq!(
+                super::canonical_json(&runtime).unwrap(),
+                r#"{"kind":"python_v3"}"#
+            );
+        }
+    }
 }

rust/lancedb/src/remote/client.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use reqwest::{
     Body, Request, RequestBuilder, Response,
     header::{HeaderMap, HeaderValue},
 };
-use serde_json::Value;
 use std::{collections::HashMap, future::Future, str::FromStr, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
 
 use crate::error::{Error, Result};
@@ -15,60 +14,6 @@ use crate::remote::db::RemoteOptions;
 use crate::remote::retry::{ResolvedRetryConfig, RetryCounter};
 
 const REQUEST_ID_HEADER: HeaderName = HeaderName::from_static("x-request-id");
-const REDACTED_JSON_VALUE: &str = "[REDACTED]";
-const SUPPRESSED_JSON_BODY: &str = "[JSON BODY SUPPRESSED]";
-
-fn is_sensitive_json_field(name: &str) -> bool {
-    name.to_ascii_lowercase().contains("secret")
-}
-
-fn redact_sensitive_json_fields(value: &mut Value) {
-    match value {
-        Value::Object(fields) => {
-            for (name, child) in fields {
-                if is_sensitive_json_field(name) {
-                    *child = Value::String(REDACTED_JSON_VALUE.to_string());
-                } else {
-                    redact_sensitive_json_fields(child);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Value::Array(values) => values.iter_mut().for_each(redact_sensitive_json_fields),
-        _ => {}
-    }
-}
-
-fn redacted_json_body(request: &Request) -> Option<String> {
-    let body = request.body()?.as_bytes()?;
-    let mut value = serde_json::from_slice(body).ok()?;
-    redact_sensitive_json_fields(&mut value);
-    serde_json::to_string(&value).ok()
-}
-
-fn request_log_message(request: &Request, request_id: &str) -> String {
-    let prefix = format!(
-        "Sending request_id={}: {} {}",
-        request_id,
-        request.method(),
-        request.url()
-    );
-    let content_type = request
-        .headers()
-        .get("content-type")
-        .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
-        .and_then(|value| value.split(';').next());
-    if content_type.is_some_and(|value| value.eq_ignore_ascii_case("application/json")) {
-        // Never format the raw Request here: its Debug representation is not a
-        // redaction boundary and may include the original body. If the JSON body
-        // cannot be structurally parsed, suppress it instead of logging raw bytes.
-        let body = redacted_json_body(request).unwrap_or_else(|| SUPPRESSED_JSON_BODY.to_string());
-        format!("{prefix} with body {body}")
-    } else {
-        // Method and URL are sufficient request context. Raw Request formatting
-        // may expose headers or a non-JSON body, so it is never a logging fallback.
-        prefix
-    }
-}
 
 /// Configuration for TLS/mTLS settings.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -894,9 +839,22 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> RestfulLanceDbClient<S> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn log_request(&self, request: &Request, request_id: &str) {
+    pub(crate) fn log_request(&self, request: &Request, request_id: &String) {
         if log::log_enabled!(log::Level::Debug) {
-            debug!("{}", request_log_message(request, request_id));
+            let content_type = request
+                .headers()
+                .get("content-type")
+                .map(|v| v.to_str().unwrap());
+            if content_type == Some("application/json") {
+                let body = request.body().as_ref().unwrap().as_bytes().unwrap();
+                let body = String::from_utf8_lossy(body);
+                debug!(
+                    "Sending request_id={}: {:?} with body {}",
+                    request_id, request, body
+                );
+            } else {
+                debug!("Sending request_id={}: {:?}", request_id, request);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -1119,49 +1077,6 @@ mod tests {
         ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner())
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_request_log_message_redacts_secrets_and_never_formats_raw_requests() {
-        const SECRET_SENTINEL: &str = "udf-secret-log-sentinel-7e4e";
-        const MALFORMED_SENTINEL: &str = "malformed-secret-log-sentinel-b652";
-        const NON_JSON_SENTINEL: &str = "non-json-secret-log-sentinel-7fd1";
-
-        let request = reqwest::Client::new()
-            .post("https://example.com/v1/functions/create")
-            .json(&serde_json::json!({
-                "name": "uses_secret",
-                "nested": {
-                    "secret_values": {"OPENAI_API_KEY": SECRET_SENTINEL},
-                    "safe": "visible-value"
-                }
-            }))
-            .build()
-            .unwrap();
-        let log_message = request_log_message(&request, "valid-json");
-
-        let malformed_request = reqwest::Client::new()
-            .post("https://example.com/v1/functions/create")
-            .header("content-type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
-            .body(format!(r#"{{"secret_values":"{MALFORMED_SENTINEL}""#))
-            .build()
-            .unwrap();
-        let malformed_log_message = request_log_message(&malformed_request, "malformed-json");
-
-        let non_json_request = reqwest::Client::new()
-            .post("https://example.com/v1/functions/create")
-            .header("content-type", "text/plain")
-            .body(NON_JSON_SENTINEL)
-            .build()
-            .unwrap();
-        let non_json_log_message = request_log_message(&non_json_request, "non-json");
-
-        assert!(log_message.contains("visible-value"));
-        assert!(log_message.contains(REDACTED_JSON_VALUE));
-        assert!(!log_message.contains(SECRET_SENTINEL));
-        assert!(malformed_log_message.contains(SUPPRESSED_JSON_BODY));
-        assert!(!malformed_log_message.contains(MALFORMED_SENTINEL));
-        assert!(!non_json_log_message.contains(NON_JSON_SENTINEL));
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn test_timeout_config_default() {
         let config = TimeoutConfig::default();

rust/lancedb/src/remote/db.rs

@@ -533,6 +533,11 @@ struct RemoteListJobsResponse {
     page_token: Option<String>,
 }
 
+#[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
+struct RemoteDropFunctionResponse {
+    dropped: bool,
+}
+
 /// Bound on `list_jobs` page walking; a warning is logged when the listing
 /// is truncated at this many pages.
 const MAX_LIST_JOBS_PAGES: usize = 100;
@@ -554,7 +559,6 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
         &self,
         request: FunctionRegistrationRequest,
     ) -> Result<Job<FunctionVersion>> {
-        request.validate_secret_values()?;
         let req = self.client.post("/v1/functions/create").json(&request);
         let (request_id, response) = self.client.send(req).await?;
         let response = self.client.check_response(&request_id, response).await?;
@@ -584,6 +588,20 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
         response.json().await.err_to_http(request_id)
     }
 
+    async fn drop_function(&self, name: &str, version: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+        let req = self
+            .client
+            .post("/v1/functions/drop")
+            .json(&serde_json::json!({
+                "name": name,
+                "version": version,
+            }));
+        let (request_id, response) = self.client.send(req).await?;
+        let response = self.client.check_response(&request_id, response).await?;
+        let response: RemoteDropFunctionResponse = response.json().await.err_to_http(request_id)?;
+        Ok(response.dropped)
+    }
+
     fn job(&self, job_id: &str) -> Result<crate::job::Job> {
         Ok(crate::job::Job::new(Box::new(super::job::RemoteJob::new(
             self.client.clone(),
@@ -2643,8 +2661,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
         const FUNCTION_JOB: &str =
             include_str!("../../tests/fixtures/first_class_functions/v1/remote_function_job.json");
-        let mut expected: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(REQUEST).unwrap();
-        expected["secret_values"] = serde_json::json!({"API_TOKEN": "secret-value"});
+        let expected: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(REQUEST).unwrap();
         let conn = Connection::new_with_handler(move |request| match request.url().path() {
             "/v1/functions/create" => {
                 assert_eq!(request.method(), &reqwest::Method::POST);
@@ -2662,10 +2679,7 @@ mod tests {
                 .unwrap(),
             path => panic!("unexpected path: {path}"),
         });
-        let mut request = crate::function::FunctionRegistrationRequest::from_json(REQUEST).unwrap();
-        request
-            .secret_values
-            .insert("API_TOKEN".to_string(), "secret-value".to_string());
+        let request = crate::function::FunctionRegistrationRequest::from_json(REQUEST).unwrap();
         let job = conn.create_function_async(request).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(job.id(), Some("job-function-1"));
         let version = job.wait().await.unwrap();
@@ -2673,32 +2687,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(version.version(), "fv_01K3EXACT");
     }
 
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_create_function_async_validates_secrets_before_serialization_and_send() {
-        const REQUEST: &str = include_str!(
-            "../../tests/fixtures/first_class_functions/v1/remote_function_registration_request.json"
-        );
-        let sends = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
-        let sends_ref = sends.clone();
-        let conn = Connection::new_with_handler(move |_| {
-            sends_ref.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
-            http::Response::builder().status(500).body("").unwrap()
-        });
-        let mut request = crate::function::FunctionRegistrationRequest::from_json(REQUEST).unwrap();
-        request.secret_values.insert(
-            "API_TOKEN".to_string(),
-            "x".repeat(crate::function::MAX_FUNCTION_SECRET_VALUE_BYTES + 1),
-        );
-
-        let error = conn.create_function_async(request).await.unwrap_err();
-
-        assert!(matches!(
-            error,
-            Error::InvalidInput { message } if message.contains("65536-byte limit")
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(sends.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 0);
-    }
-
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_get_function_requires_and_sends_exact_version() {
         const VERSION: &str = include_str!(
@@ -2720,6 +2708,25 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(version.version(), "fv_01K3EXACT");
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_drop_function_sends_exact_version_and_decodes_replay() {
+        let conn = Connection::new_with_handler(|request| {
+            assert_eq!(request.method(), &reqwest::Method::POST);
+            assert_eq!(request.url().path(), "/v1/functions/drop");
+            let body: serde_json::Value =
+                serde_json::from_slice(request.body().unwrap().as_bytes().unwrap()).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(
+                body,
+                serde_json::json!({"name": "embed", "version": "fv_01K3EXACT"})
+            );
+            http::Response::builder()
+                .status(200)
+                .body(r#"{"dropped":false}"#)
+                .unwrap()
+        });
+        assert!(!conn.drop_function("embed", "fv_01K3EXACT").await.unwrap());
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_conn_job_waits_to_done() {
         let polls = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));

rust/lancedb/src/remote/table.rs

@@ -3180,8 +3180,8 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> BaseTable for RemoteTable<S> {
             self.schema().await?.as_ref(),
             "schema evolution",
         )?;
-        // The server plans the declaration: expression validation, type
-        // inference and the persisted binding all happen there.
+        // The server plans the declaration against its table schema, including
+        // Blob v2 semantics inherited by a direct field projection.
         let entries = columns
             .iter()
             .map(
@@ -5734,9 +5734,8 @@ mod tests {
             ))
             .execute()
             .await;
-        let err = match result {
-            Ok(_) => panic!("legacy remote query unexpectedly succeeded"),
-            Err(err) => err,
+        let Err(err) = result else {
+            panic!("legacy remote query unexpectedly succeeded")
         };
 
         assert!(
@@ -7388,8 +7387,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(result.version, if old_server { 0 } else { 43 });
     }
 
-    /// A declaration is sent as `{name, computed}` entries for the server to
-    /// plan; the client never types the expression itself.
+    /// A declaration is sent as `{name, computed}` for the server to plan; the
+    /// client never types the expression itself.
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_add_computed_columns_sends_the_expression() {
         let table = Table::new_with_handler("my_table", |request| match request.url().path() {
@@ -7465,6 +7464,93 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(result.version, 8);
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_add_function_column_allows_an_existing_binding() {
+        let binding = crate::function::FunctionBinding::from_json(include_str!(
+            "../../tests/fixtures/first_class_functions/v1/remote_function_binding.json"
+        ))
+        .unwrap();
+        let binding_metadata = crate::table::computed_columns::function_bindings_metadata(
+            std::slice::from_ref(&binding),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let mut fields = vec![
+            Field::new("title", DataType::Utf8, true),
+            Field::new("body", DataType::Utf8, true),
+        ];
+        fields.extend(binding.outputs().iter().map(|output| {
+            let data_type = match output.arrow_type.as_str() {
+                "utf8" => DataType::Utf8,
+                "int64" => DataType::Int64,
+                other => panic!("unexpected fixture output type {other}"),
+            };
+            Field::new(&output.output_name, data_type, true).with_metadata(
+                crate::table::computed_columns::function_computed_column_metadata(
+                    binding.binding_id(),
+                    output.output_ordinal,
+                    &["title".into(), "body".into()],
+                ),
+            )
+        }));
+        let schema = Schema::new_with_metadata(
+            fields,
+            HashMap::from([(
+                crate::table::computed_columns::FUNCTION_BINDINGS_META_KEY.to_string(),
+                binding_metadata,
+            )]),
+        );
+        let table =
+            Table::new_with_handler("my_table", move |request| match request.url().path() {
+                "/v1/table/my_table/describe/" => http::Response::builder()
+                    .status(200)
+                    .body(describe_response(&schema))
+                    .unwrap(),
+                "/v1/table/my_table/add_columns/" => {
+                    let actual: serde_json::Value =
+                        serde_json::from_slice(request.body().unwrap().as_bytes().unwrap())
+                            .unwrap();
+                    assert_eq!(
+                        actual["new_columns"],
+                        serde_json::json!([
+                            {"name":"secondary_text","all_null":true},
+                            {"name":"secondary_token_count","all_null":true}
+                        ])
+                    );
+                    http::Response::builder()
+                        .status(200)
+                        .body(r#"{"version":10}"#.to_string())
+                        .unwrap()
+                }
+                path => panic!("Unexpected path: {path}"),
+            });
+        let application = crate::function::FunctionApplication::from_json(
+            r#"{
+                "function":{"name":"text_features","version":"fv_01K3TEXT"},
+                "inputs":[
+                    {"parameter":"title","kind":"column","value":{"path":"title"}},
+                    {"parameter":"body","kind":"column","value":{"path":"body"}}
+                ],
+                "output":{"kind":"named_struct","fields":[
+                    {"name":"normalized_text","arrow_type":"utf8","nullable":false},
+                    {"name":"token_count","arrow_type":"int64","nullable":false}
+                ]},
+                "columns":{
+                    "normalized_text":"secondary_text",
+                    "token_count":"secondary_token_count"
+                }
+            }"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let result = table
+            .add_columns()
+            .function(application)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(result.version, 10);
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_add_fixed_size_list_function_column_declares_the_vector_type() {
         let table = Table::new_with_handler("my_table", |request| {

rust/lancedb/src/table.rs

@@ -750,8 +750,8 @@ pub trait BaseTable: std::fmt::Display + std::fmt::Debug + Send + Sync {
     /// Declare computed columns, each defined by a SQL expression.
     ///
     /// Where the declaration is planned depends on the backend: a local table
-    /// validates and types the expression itself, a remote one sends the text
-    /// for the server to plan.
+    /// validates and types the expression itself, while a remote one sends the
+    /// expression for the server to plan.
     async fn add_computed_columns(
         &self,
         _columns: &[(String, String)],
@@ -5763,6 +5763,13 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(index_bytes > 0);
         assert_eq!(with_index, data_only + index_bytes);
 
+        // Release builds reject unstable overlay datasets unless explicitly opted in.
+        if !lance_table::feature_flags::can_read_dataset(
+            lance_table::feature_flags::FLAG_UNSTABLE_DATA_OVERLAY_FILES,
+        ) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         // Commit an overlay file supplying new `foo` values for the first three
         // rows of fragment 0. There is no high-level API that writes overlays
         // yet, so write the overlay's data file and commit the `DataOverlay`

rust/lancedb/src/table/refresh.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,16 @@
 //! therefore idempotent and does not observe input mutation -- once a row is
 //! filled, changing what the expression reads leaves the stored result alone.
 //!
+//! A column's computed inputs are filled first -- the dependency graph is
+//! walked once, each reachable column filled once in dependency order, each
+//! fill its own commit. Every fill in the pass, the requested column's
+//! included, covers only the fragments of the snapshot the pass started
+//! from: a commit may rebase over a concurrent append, and the fragment that
+//! admits carries placeholder nulls no earlier fill covered, so it waits for
+//! a later refresh rather than being read as values. Two concurrent fills of
+//! one input collide on its field in lance's conflict check, so a dependent
+//! fill can only commit over inputs that were durable when it read them.
+//!
 //! Two passes per fragment. The first scans only the unfilled live rows and
 //! evaluates the expression over them, which yields the exact fill count and
 //! decides whether the fragment is staged at all -- a fragment where nothing
@@ -19,10 +29,14 @@
 //! inputs masked to null first, so a poison value in a row nobody is filling
 //! cannot fail the refresh.
 
+use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use arrow_array::{ArrayRef, BooleanArray, RecordBatch, RecordBatchOptions};
-use arrow_schema::Schema as ArrowSchema;
+use arrow_array::{
+    Array, ArrayRef, BooleanArray, LargeBinaryArray, RecordBatch, RecordBatchOptions, StructArray,
+    new_null_array,
+};
+use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field as ArrowField, Schema as ArrowSchema};
 use datafusion_expr::ColumnarValue;
 use futures::{Stream, StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
 use lance::Dataset;
@@ -30,7 +44,7 @@ use lance::dataset::WriteDestination;
 use lance::dataset::fragment::FileFragment;
 use lance::dataset::transaction::Operation;
 use lance_core::ROW_ID;
-use lance_core::datatypes::Schema as LanceSchema;
+use lance_core::datatypes::{BlobHandling, Schema as LanceSchema};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use super::computed_columns::{BoundExpression, ComputedColumnKind, computed_column_from_field};
@@ -41,7 +55,8 @@ use crate::{Error, Result};
 /// The result of refreshing a computed column.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
 pub struct RefreshColumnResult {
-    /// Rows that had a value computed.
+    /// Rows that had a value computed, in the requested column only; inputs
+    /// filled on its behalf are not counted.
     #[serde(default)]
     pub rows_filled: u64,
     /// The commit version associated with the operation.
@@ -52,6 +67,7 @@ pub struct RefreshColumnResult {
 struct RefreshExecution {
     result: RefreshColumnResult,
     source_version: u64,
+    published_version: Option<u64>,
 }
 
 /// Internal implementation of the refresh logic.
@@ -74,7 +90,12 @@ async fn execute_refresh_column_with_source(
 
     let expression = declared_expression(&dataset, column)?;
     let schema = Arc::new(ArrowSchema::from(dataset.schema()));
-    let bound = Arc::new(super::computed_columns::bind(schema, column, &expression)?);
+    let bound = Arc::new(super::computed_columns::bind(
+        schema.clone(),
+        column,
+        &expression,
+    )?);
+    ensure_inputs_filled(&dataset, &schema, column, &bound).await?;
     let field = dataset
         .schema()
         .field(column)
@@ -87,6 +108,7 @@ async fn execute_refresh_column_with_source(
         fields: vec![field.clone()],
         metadata: Default::default(),
     };
+    let output_is_blob = field.is_blob_v2();
 
     let mut rows_filled = 0u64;
     let mut replacements = Vec::new();
@@ -96,29 +118,30 @@ async fn execute_refresh_column_with_source(
             continue;
         }
         rows_filled += gained;
-        let values = fill_stream(&dataset, &fragment, bound.clone(), column).await?;
+        let values =
+            fill_stream(&dataset, &fragment, bound.clone(), column, output_is_blob).await?;
         replacements.push(fragment.write_columns(values, &column_schema).await?);
     }
 
+    let source_version = dataset.version().version;
     if replacements.is_empty() {
-        let source_version = dataset.version().version;
         return Ok(RefreshExecution {
             result: RefreshColumnResult {
                 rows_filled: 0,
                 version: source_version,
             },
             source_version,
+            published_version: None,
         });
     }
 
-    let read_version = dataset.version().version;
     // The dataset's own session, so registrations and caches survive the
     // commit being installed on the handle.
     let session = dataset.session();
     let new_dataset = Dataset::commit(
         WriteDestination::Dataset(dataset.clone()),
         Operation::DataReplacement { replacements },
-        Some(read_version),
+        Some(source_version),
         None,
         None,
         session,
@@ -133,10 +156,52 @@ async fn execute_refresh_column_with_source(
             rows_filled,
             version,
         },
-        source_version: read_version,
+        source_version,
+        published_version: Some(version),
     })
 }
 
+/// Refuse while a computed input still has rows a refresh of it would fill:
+/// read now, its placeholder null would be evaluated as a value and kept.
+async fn ensure_inputs_filled(
+    dataset: &Dataset,
+    schema: &Arc<ArrowSchema>,
+    column: &str,
+    bound: &BoundExpression,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    for input in &bound.roots {
+        let Some(declaration) = schema
+            .field_with_name(input)
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(computed_column_from_field)
+        else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let ComputedColumnKind::Sql { expression } = &declaration.kind else {
+            return Err(Error::NotSupported {
+                message: format!(
+                    "computed column '{column}' reads '{input}', whose fill state this \
+                     refresh cannot check; refresh '{input}' first"
+                ),
+            });
+        };
+        let input_bound = super::computed_columns::bind(schema.clone(), input, expression)?;
+        let mut unfilled = 0u64;
+        for fragment in dataset.get_fragments() {
+            unfilled += count_fragment_gains(dataset, &fragment, &input_bound, input).await?;
+        }
+        if unfilled > 0 {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidInput {
+                message: format!(
+                    "computed column '{column}' reads '{input}', which has {unfilled} unfilled \
+                     rows; refresh '{input}' first"
+                ),
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// Run the refresh as a [`Job`] in this process.
 pub(crate) async fn execute_refresh_column_async(
     table: &NativeTable,
@@ -160,8 +225,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn execute_refresh_column_async(
             rows_failed: 0,
             rows_remaining: 0,
             source_version: execution.source_version,
-            published_version: (execution.result.rows_filled > 0)
-                .then_some(execution.result.version),
+            published_version: execution.published_version,
         })
     })))
 }
@@ -236,12 +300,15 @@ fn evaluation_batch(
     mask_out: Option<&BooleanArray>,
 ) -> lance_core::Result<RecordBatch> {
     let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(bound.roots.len());
+    let mut fields = Vec::with_capacity(bound.roots.len());
     for name in &bound.roots {
-        let column = batch.column_by_name(name).ok_or_else(|| {
+        let index = batch.schema_ref().index_of(name).map_err(|_| {
             lance_core::Error::invalid_input(format!(
                 "refreshing a computed column read no {name} column"
             ))
         })?;
+        let column = batch.column(index);
+        fields.push(batch.schema_ref().field(index).clone());
         // Rows outside the mask must not reach the expression: a value in a
         // deleted or already-filled row can be one it would choke on.
         columns.push(match mask_out {
@@ -250,7 +317,7 @@ fn evaluation_batch(
         });
     }
     Ok(RecordBatch::try_new_with_options(
-        bound.read_schema.clone(),
+        Arc::new(ArrowSchema::new(fields)),
         columns,
         &RecordBatchOptions::new().with_row_count(Some(batch.num_rows())),
     )?)
@@ -271,6 +338,99 @@ fn evaluate(bound: &BoundExpression, batch: &RecordBatch) -> lance_core::Result<
     }
 }
 
+fn materialized_blob_ids(schema: &LanceSchema, paths: &[String]) -> Result<HashSet<u32>> {
+    paths
+        .iter()
+        .map(|path| {
+            let field = schema
+                .resolve(path)
+                .and_then(|fields| fields.last().copied())
+                .ok_or_else(|| Error::InvalidInput {
+                    message: format!("computed Blob input '{path}' no longer exists"),
+                })?;
+            if !field.is_blob_v2() {
+                return Err(Error::InvalidInput {
+                    message: format!("computed Blob input '{path}' is no longer Blob v2"),
+                });
+            }
+            u32::try_from(field.id).map_err(|_| Error::InvalidInput {
+                message: format!(
+                    "computed Blob input '{path}' has invalid field id {}",
+                    field.id
+                ),
+            })
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn configure_blob_inputs(
+    scanner: &mut lance::dataset::scanner::Scanner,
+    schema: &LanceSchema,
+    bound: &BoundExpression,
+    extra_blob_id: Option<u32>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut ids = materialized_blob_ids(schema, &bound.blob_paths)?;
+    ids.extend(extra_blob_id);
+    scanner.blob_handling(BlobHandling::SomeBlobsBinary(ids));
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn blob_array_from_binary(
+    array: &ArrayRef,
+    target_field: &ArrowField,
+) -> lance_core::Result<ArrayRef> {
+    let values = array
+        .as_any()
+        .downcast_ref::<LargeBinaryArray>()
+        .ok_or_else(|| {
+            lance_core::Error::invalid_input(format!(
+                "a Blob v2 computed output produced {}, expected LargeBinary",
+                array.data_type()
+            ))
+        })?;
+    let mut builder = lance::blob::BlobArrayBuilder::new(values.len());
+    for index in 0..values.len() {
+        if values.is_null(index) {
+            builder.push_null()?;
+        } else {
+            builder.push_bytes(values.value(index))?;
+        }
+    }
+    let minimal = builder.finish()?;
+    let minimal = minimal
+        .as_any()
+        .downcast_ref::<StructArray>()
+        .ok_or_else(|| lance_core::Error::internal("Blob builder returned a non-struct array"))?;
+    let DataType::Struct(target_fields) = target_field.data_type() else {
+        return Err(lance_core::Error::invalid_input(format!(
+            "Blob v2 output field '{}' has non-struct type {}",
+            target_field.name(),
+            target_field.data_type()
+        )));
+    };
+    let columns = target_fields
+        .iter()
+        .map(|field| match field.name().as_str() {
+            "data" | "uri" => minimal
+                .column_by_name(field.name())
+                .cloned()
+                .ok_or_else(|| {
+                    lance_core::Error::internal(format!("Blob builder omitted '{}'", field.name()))
+                }),
+            "position" | "size" => Ok(new_null_array(field.data_type(), minimal.len())),
+            name => Err(lance_core::Error::invalid_input(format!(
+                "Blob v2 output field '{}' has unsupported logical child '{name}'",
+                target_field.name()
+            ))),
+        })
+        .collect::<lance_core::Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+    Ok(Arc::new(StructArray::try_new(
+        target_fields.clone(),
+        columns,
+        minimal.nulls().cloned(),
+    )?))
+}
+
 /// How many rows of one fragment would gain a value.
 ///
 /// Scans only the unfilled live rows -- deleted rows never reach the
@@ -289,6 +449,7 @@ async fn count_fragment_gains(
         .with_row_id()
         .filter(&format!("{} IS NULL", quote_identifier(column)))?
         .project(&bound.roots)?;
+    configure_blob_inputs(&mut scanner, dataset.schema(), bound, None)?;
 
     let mut gained = 0u64;
     let mut batches = scanner.try_into_stream().await?;
@@ -310,6 +471,7 @@ async fn fill_stream(
     fragment: &FileFragment,
     bound: Arc<BoundExpression>,
     column: &str,
+    output_is_blob: bool,
 ) -> Result<impl Stream<Item = lance_core::Result<RecordBatch>> + Send + use<>> {
     let mut projection: Vec<String> = bound.roots.clone();
     projection.push(column.to_string());
@@ -319,6 +481,20 @@ async fn fill_stream(
         .with_row_id()
         .include_deleted_rows()
         .project(&projection)?;
+    let output_blob_id = output_is_blob
+        .then(|| {
+            dataset
+                .schema()
+                .field(column)
+                .and_then(|field| u32::try_from(field.id).ok())
+        })
+        .flatten();
+    configure_blob_inputs(
+        &mut scanner,
+        dataset.schema(),
+        bound.as_ref(),
+        output_blob_id,
+    )?;
 
     let projected = Arc::new(ArrowSchema::new(vec![
         ArrowSchema::from(dataset.schema())
@@ -354,6 +530,11 @@ async fn fill_stream(
 
         let computed = evaluate(&bound, &evaluation_batch(&batch, &bound, Some(&keep))?)?;
         let merged = arrow_select::zip::zip(&fill, &computed, existing)?;
+        let merged = if output_is_blob {
+            blob_array_from_binary(&merged, projected.field(0))?
+        } else {
+            merged
+        };
         Ok(RecordBatch::try_new(projected.clone(), vec![merged])?)
     }))
 }
@@ -362,8 +543,12 @@ async fn fill_stream(
 mod tests {
     use std::sync::Arc;
 
-    use arrow_array::{Int32Array, record_batch};
+    use arrow_array::{
+        Array, ArrayRef, Int32Array, LargeBinaryArray, RecordBatch, StructArray, record_batch,
+    };
+    use arrow_schema::Field as ArrowField;
     use futures::TryStreamExt;
+    use lance_core::ROW_ID;
 
     use crate::connect;
     use crate::query::{ExecutableQuery, QueryBase, Select};
@@ -384,7 +569,8 @@ mod tests {
             .version)
     }
 
-    async fn read(table: &Table, column: &str) -> Vec<Option<i32>> {
+    async fn read(table: &Table, column: &str) -> Vec<Option<i64>> {
+        use arrow_array::{Array, Int64Array};
         let batches = table
             .query()
             .select(Select::columns(&[column]))
@@ -394,15 +580,19 @@ mod tests {
             .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        let mut values: Vec<Option<i32>> = batches
+        let mut values: Vec<Option<i64>> = batches
             .iter()
             .flat_map(|batch| {
-                batch[column]
-                    .as_any()
-                    .downcast_ref::<Int32Array>()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .iter()
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                let array = &batch[column];
+                match array.as_any().downcast_ref::<Int32Array>() {
+                    Some(ints) => ints.iter().map(|v| v.map(i64::from)).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+                    None => array
+                        .as_any()
+                        .downcast_ref::<Int64Array>()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .iter()
+                        .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+                }
             })
             .collect();
         values.sort();
@@ -414,6 +604,117 @@ mod tests {
         table.add(batch).execute().await.unwrap();
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_blob_output_matches_complete_logical_field() {
+        let values: ArrayRef = Arc::new(LargeBinaryArray::from(vec![
+            Some(b"hello".as_slice()),
+            None,
+        ]));
+        let field = ArrowField::new(
+            "image",
+            lance_core::datatypes::BLOB_V2_LOGICAL_TYPE.clone(),
+            true,
+        );
+
+        let output = super::blob_array_from_binary(&values, &field).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(output.data_type(), field.data_type());
+        let output = output.as_any().downcast_ref::<StructArray>().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(output.column_by_name("position").unwrap().null_count(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(output.column_by_name("size").unwrap().null_count(), 2);
+    }
+
+    /// The gate's reproducer: `b = coalesce(a, 0)` refreshed before `a`
+    /// must not bake zeros from `a`'s placeholder null. It is refused, and
+    /// names the input, until `a` is filled -- after every append too.
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_dependent_refresh_refuses_an_unfilled_input() {
+        let table = table_with("dependent_refresh_order", vec![1, 2, 3]).await;
+        table
+            .add_columns()
+            .computed("a", "x + 1")
+            .computed("b", "coalesce(a, 0)")
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let err = table.refresh_column("b").await.unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(&err, Error::InvalidInput { message } if message.contains("refresh 'a' first")),
+            "{err}"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(read(&table, "b").await, vec![None, None, None]);
+
+        assert_eq!(table.refresh_column("a").await.unwrap().rows_filled, 3);
+        assert_eq!(table.refresh_column("b").await.unwrap().rows_filled, 3);
+        assert_eq!(read(&table, "b").await, vec![Some(2), Some(3), Some(4)]);
+
+        append(&table, vec![10]).await;
+        assert!(table.refresh_column("b").await.is_err());
+        table.refresh_column("a").await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(table.refresh_column("b").await.unwrap().rows_filled, 1);
+        assert_eq!(
+            table.count_rows(Some("b = 0".to_string())).await.unwrap(),
+            0
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// Names that need quoting, and a nested input, survive the trip through
+    /// declaration metadata and the dependency check: the recorded inputs
+    /// are matched by name, never re-parsed as SQL.
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_dependent_refresh_handles_awkward_column_names() {
+        use arrow_array::{Int32Array, StructArray};
+        use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field, Fields};
+
+        let conn = connect("memory://").execute().await.unwrap();
+        let age_fields = Fields::from(vec![Field::new("age", DataType::Int32, true)]);
+        let meta = StructArray::new(
+            age_fields.clone(),
+            vec![Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![10, 20])) as _],
+            None,
+        );
+        let schema = Arc::new(arrow_schema::Schema::new(vec![
+            Field::new("camelCase", DataType::Int32, true),
+            Field::new("with-hyphen", DataType::Int32, true),
+            Field::new("meta", DataType::Struct(age_fields), true),
+        ]));
+        let batch = arrow_array::RecordBatch::try_new(
+            schema,
+            vec![
+                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2])) as _,
+                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![100, 200])) as _,
+                Arc::new(meta) as _,
+            ],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let table = conn
+            .create_table("awkward_names", batch)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        table
+            .add_columns()
+            .computed("y", "`camelCase` * 2")
+            .computed("z", "coalesce(y, 0) + `with-hyphen` + meta.age")
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let z = crate::table::computed_columns::computed_columns(
+            table.schema().await.unwrap().as_ref(),
+        )
+        .into_iter()
+        .find(|c| c.name == "z")
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(z.inputs, vec!["meta.age", "with-hyphen", "y"]);
+
+        let err = table.refresh_column("z").await.unwrap_err();
+        assert!(err.to_string().contains("refresh 'y' first"), "{err}");
+        assert_eq!(table.refresh_column("y").await.unwrap().rows_filled, 2);
+        assert_eq!(table.refresh_column("z").await.unwrap().rows_filled, 2);
+        assert_eq!(read(&table, "z").await, vec![Some(112), Some(224)]);
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_refresh_fills_a_declared_column() {
         let table = table_with("refresh_fills", vec![1, 2, 3]).await;
@@ -651,7 +952,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         let read_back = read(&table, "doubled").await;
         assert_eq!(read_back.len(), 20_000);
-        let mut expected: Vec<Option<i32>> = values.iter().map(|v| Some(v * 2)).collect();
+        let mut expected: Vec<Option<i64>> =
+            values.iter().map(|v| Some(i64::from(v * 2))).collect();
         expected.sort();
         assert_eq!(read_back, expected);
     }
@@ -1008,4 +1310,366 @@ mod tests {
         let err = table.refresh_column("embedding").await.unwrap_err();
         assert!(matches!(err, Error::NotSupported { message } if message.contains("udf")));
     }
+
+    fn blob_batch(ids: Vec<i32>, payloads: Vec<Option<&[u8]>>) -> RecordBatch {
+        use arrow_array::Int32Array;
+        use arrow_schema::{Field, Schema};
+
+        let mut builder = lance::blob::BlobArrayBuilder::new(payloads.len());
+        for payload in payloads {
+            match payload {
+                Some(payload) => builder.push_bytes(payload).unwrap(),
+                None => builder.push_null().unwrap(),
+            }
+        }
+        RecordBatch::try_new(
+            Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![
+                Field::new("id", arrow_schema::DataType::Int32, false),
+                crate::blob("image", true),
+            ])),
+            vec![Arc::new(Int32Array::from(ids)), builder.finish().unwrap()],
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    async fn create_blob_table(path: &std::path::Path, batch: RecordBatch) -> Table {
+        let conn = connect(path.to_str().unwrap()).execute().await.unwrap();
+        conn.create_table("blobs", batch).execute().await.unwrap()
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_refresh_inherits_and_publishes_blob_output() {
+        use arrow_array::UInt64Array;
+        use lance_arrow::{
+            BLOB_DEDICATED_SIZE_THRESHOLD_META_KEY, BLOB_INLINE_SIZE_THRESHOLD_META_KEY,
+        };
+        use lance_core::datatypes::BlobKind;
+
+        use crate::table::schema_evolution::FieldMetadataUpdate;
+
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let table = create_blob_table(
+            tmp.path(),
+            blob_batch(
+                vec![1, 2, 3, 4],
+                vec![Some(b"hello"), Some(b"ab"), Some(b""), None],
+            ),
+        )
+        .await;
+        table
+            .add_columns()
+            .computed("image_copy", "image")
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        table
+            .update_field_metadata(&[FieldMetadataUpdate::new("image_copy")
+                .set(BLOB_INLINE_SIZE_THRESHOLD_META_KEY, "1")
+                .set(BLOB_DEDICATED_SIZE_THRESHOLD_META_KEY, "4")])
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let first_refresh = table.refresh_column("image_copy").await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(first_refresh.rows_filled, 3);
+        assert_eq!(
+            table.blob_columns().await.unwrap(),
+            vec!["image".to_string(), "image_copy".to_string()]
+        );
+
+        let batches = table
+            .query()
+            .with_row_id()
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let batch = arrow_select::concat::concat_batches(&batches[0].schema(), &batches).unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            batch
+                .column_by_name("image_copy")
+                .unwrap()
+                .as_any()
+                .is::<arrow_array::StructArray>()
+        );
+        let row_ids = batch
+            .column_by_name(ROW_ID)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_any()
+            .downcast_ref::<UInt64Array>()
+            .unwrap()
+            .values()
+            .to_vec();
+        let original = table.fetch_blobs("image", &row_ids).await.unwrap();
+        let copied = table.fetch_blobs("image_copy", &row_ids).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(original, copied);
+        let ids = batch
+            .column_by_name("id")
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_any()
+            .downcast_ref::<Int32Array>()
+            .unwrap();
+        let files = table
+            .fetch_blob_files("image_copy", &row_ids)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let mut layouts = ids
+            .values()
+            .iter()
+            .copied()
+            .zip(files)
+            .map(|(id, file)| (id, file.and_then(|file| file.kind())))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        layouts.sort_by_key(|(id, _)| *id);
+        assert_eq!(
+            layouts,
+            vec![
+                (1, Some(BlobKind::Dedicated)),
+                (2, Some(BlobKind::Packed)),
+                (3, Some(BlobKind::Inline)),
+                (4, None),
+            ]
+        );
+
+        table
+            .add(blob_batch(vec![5], vec![Some(b"appended")]))
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        table
+            .optimize(crate::table::OptimizeAction::Compact {
+                options: crate::table::CompactionOptions::default(),
+                remap_options: None,
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            table
+                .refresh_column("image_copy")
+                .await
+                .unwrap()
+                .rows_filled,
+            1
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            table
+                .refresh_column("image_copy")
+                .await
+                .unwrap()
+                .rows_filled,
+            0
+        );
+
+        table.checkout(first_refresh.version).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(table.count_rows(None).await.unwrap(), 4);
+        assert_eq!(
+            table.blob_columns().await.unwrap(),
+            vec!["image".to_string(), "image_copy".to_string()]
+        );
+        table.checkout_latest().await.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_refresh_inherits_nested_struct_blob_input() {
+        use arrow_array::{Int32Array, StructArray, UInt64Array};
+        use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field, Fields, Schema};
+
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let mut blob_builder = lance::blob::BlobArrayBuilder::new(2);
+        blob_builder.push_bytes(b"nested").unwrap();
+        blob_builder.push_null().unwrap();
+        let blob_field = crate::blob("image", true);
+        let metadata_fields = Fields::from(vec![blob_field.clone()]);
+        let metadata = StructArray::new(
+            metadata_fields.clone(),
+            vec![blob_builder.finish().unwrap()],
+            None,
+        );
+        let batch = RecordBatch::try_new(
+            Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![
+                Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, false),
+                Field::new("metadata", DataType::Struct(metadata_fields), true),
+            ])),
+            vec![Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2])), Arc::new(metadata)],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let table = create_blob_table(tmp.path(), batch).await;
+        table
+            .add_columns()
+            .computed("payload_copy", "metadata.image")
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            table
+                .refresh_column("payload_copy")
+                .await
+                .unwrap()
+                .rows_filled,
+            1
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            table.blob_columns().await.unwrap(),
+            vec!["metadata.image".to_string(), "payload_copy".to_string()]
+        );
+        let batches = table
+            .query()
+            .with_row_id()
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let row_ids = batches[0]
+            .column_by_name(ROW_ID)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_any()
+            .downcast_ref::<UInt64Array>()
+            .unwrap()
+            .values();
+        let payloads = table.fetch_blobs("payload_copy", row_ids).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(payloads.value(0), b"nested");
+        assert!(payloads.is_null(1));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_refresh_preserves_list_shape_when_materializing_blob_input() {
+        use arrow_array::{Int32Array, ListArray};
+        use arrow_buffer::{OffsetBuffer, ScalarBuffer};
+        use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field, Schema};
+
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let mut blob_builder = lance::blob::BlobArrayBuilder::new(3);
+        blob_builder.push_bytes(b"a").unwrap();
+        blob_builder.push_bytes(b"bb").unwrap();
+        blob_builder.push_null().unwrap();
+        let item = Arc::new(crate::blob("item", true));
+        let images = ListArray::new(
+            item.clone(),
+            OffsetBuffer::new(ScalarBuffer::from(vec![0, 2, 3])),
+            blob_builder.finish().unwrap(),
+            None,
+        );
+        let batch = RecordBatch::try_new(
+            Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![
+                Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, false),
+                Field::new("images", DataType::List(item), true),
+            ])),
+            vec![Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2])), Arc::new(images)],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let table = create_blob_table(tmp.path(), batch).await;
+        table
+            .add_columns()
+            .computed("image_payloads", "images")
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            table
+                .refresh_column("image_payloads")
+                .await
+                .unwrap()
+                .rows_filled,
+            2
+        );
+        let batches = table
+            .query()
+            .select(Select::columns(&["image_payloads"]))
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let output = batches[0]
+            .column_by_name("image_payloads")
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_any()
+            .downcast_ref::<ListArray>()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(output.value_offsets(), &[0, 2, 3]);
+        assert!(output.values().as_any().is::<LargeBinaryArray>());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_refresh_inherits_external_blob_input() {
+        use arrow_array::{Int32Array, StringArray, UInt64Array};
+        use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field, Schema};
+
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let payload = b"external-payload";
+        let path = tmp.path().join("payload.bin");
+        std::fs::write(&path, payload).unwrap();
+        let uri = url::Url::from_file_path(path).unwrap().to_string();
+        let conn = connect(tmp.path().join("db").to_str().unwrap())
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let table = conn
+            .create_empty_table(
+                "external",
+                Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![
+                    Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, false),
+                    crate::blob("image", true),
+                ])),
+            )
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let batch = RecordBatch::try_new(
+            Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![
+                Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, false),
+                Field::new("image", DataType::Utf8, true),
+            ])),
+            vec![
+                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![1])),
+                Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec![Some(uri)])),
+            ],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        table
+            .add(batch)
+            .allow_external_blob_outside_bases(true)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        table
+            .add_columns()
+            .computed("payload_copy", "image")
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            table
+                .refresh_column("payload_copy")
+                .await
+                .unwrap()
+                .rows_filled,
+            1
+        );
+        let batches = table
+            .query()
+            .with_row_id()
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let row_ids = batches[0]
+            .column_by_name(ROW_ID)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_any()
+            .downcast_ref::<UInt64Array>()
+            .unwrap()
+            .values();
+        let payloads = table.fetch_blobs("payload_copy", row_ids).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(payloads.value(0), payload);
+    }
 }

rust/lancedb/tests/first_class_function_slice1.rs

@@ -20,25 +20,6 @@ fn job_result(name: &str) -> Value {
     serde_json::from_str::<Value>(&fixture(name)).expect("remote Job fixture")["result"].clone()
 }
 
-fn assert_no_secret_values(value: &Value) {
-    match value {
-        Value::Object(values) => {
-            for (key, value) in values {
-                assert!(
-                    !matches!(
-                        key.as_str(),
-                        "secret_value" | "secret_values" | "resolved_secret" | "resolved_secrets"
-                    ),
-                    "client canonical value must not model resolved secret material"
-                );
-                assert_no_secret_values(value);
-            }
-        }
-        Value::Array(values) => values.iter().for_each(assert_no_secret_values),
-        _ => {}
-    }
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn function_version_job_result_matches_shared_canonical_golden() {
     let result = job_result("remote_function_job.json");
@@ -47,7 +28,6 @@ fn function_version_job_result_matches_shared_canonical_golden() {
     assert_eq!(version.name(), "embed");
     assert_eq!(version.version(), "fv_01K3EXACT");
     assert_eq!(version.runtime_digest(), "sha256:runtime");
-    assert_eq!(version.required_secrets(), &["HF_TOKEN"]);
     assert_eq!(
         version.to_canonical_json().expect("canonical JSON"),
         fixture("remote_function_version.canonical.json").trim()
@@ -162,21 +142,3 @@ fn floating_point_application_literals_are_rejected_consistently() {
             .contains("floating-point Function literals")
     );
 }
-
-#[test]
-fn canonical_client_values_contain_secret_names_only() {
-    let result = job_result("remote_function_job.json");
-    let version = FunctionVersion::from_json(&result.to_string()).expect("FunctionVersion result");
-    let canonical: Value = serde_json::from_str(
-        &version
-            .to_canonical_json()
-            .expect("canonical FunctionVersion"),
-    )
-    .expect("canonical JSON");
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        canonical["required_secrets"],
-        serde_json::json!(["HF_TOKEN"])
-    );
-    assert_no_secret_values(&canonical);
-}

rust/lancedb/tests/first_class_function_slice2.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use lancedb::Error;
 use lancedb::function::FunctionRegistrationRequest;
-use serde_json::Value;
 
 fn fixture(name: &str) -> String {
     let path = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
@@ -15,25 +14,6 @@ fn fixture(name: &str) -> String {
     fs::read_to_string(path).expect("fixture must be readable")
 }
 
-fn assert_no_secret_values(value: &Value) {
-    match value {
-        Value::Object(values) => {
-            for (key, value) in values {
-                assert!(
-                    !matches!(
-                        key.as_str(),
-                        "secret_value" | "secret_values" | "resolved_secret" | "resolved_secrets"
-                    ),
-                    "registration requests must not model resolved secret material"
-                );
-                assert_no_secret_values(value);
-            }
-        }
-        Value::Array(values) => values.iter().for_each(assert_no_secret_values),
-        _ => {}
-    }
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn registration_request_matches_shared_canonical_golden() {
     let request = FunctionRegistrationRequest::from_json(&fixture(
@@ -42,33 +22,10 @@ fn registration_request_matches_shared_canonical_golden() {
     .expect("registration request");
     assert_eq!(request.name, "normalize_score");
     assert_eq!(request.artifact.adapter.kind, "scalar_to_arrow_batch");
-    assert_eq!(request.required_secrets, ["API_TOKEN"]);
-    assert!(request.secret_values.is_empty());
     assert_eq!(
         request.to_canonical_json().expect("canonical request"),
         fixture("remote_function_registration_request.canonical.json").trim()
     );
-
-    let value: Value =
-        serde_json::from_str(&request.to_canonical_json().expect("canonical request"))
-            .expect("request JSON");
-    assert_no_secret_values(&value);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn registration_request_serializes_secret_values_but_redacts_debug_output() {
-    let mut value: Value =
-        serde_json::from_str(&fixture("remote_function_registration_request.json")).unwrap();
-    value["secret_values"] = serde_json::json!({"API_TOKEN": "secret-plaintext"});
-    let request = FunctionRegistrationRequest::from_json(&value.to_string()).unwrap();
-
-    assert_eq!(request.secret_values["API_TOKEN"], "secret-plaintext");
-    let canonical = request.to_canonical_json().unwrap();
-    assert!(canonical.contains("secret-plaintext"));
-    let debug = format!("{request:?}");
-    assert!(debug.contains("API_TOKEN"));
-    assert!(debug.contains("[REDACTED]"));
-    assert!(!debug.contains("secret-plaintext"));
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
@@ -88,7 +45,11 @@ async fn local_function_catalog_operations_return_stable_not_supported() {
         .get_function("normalize_score", "fv_exact")
         .await
         .unwrap_err();
-    for error in [create_error, lookup_error] {
+    let drop_error = connection
+        .drop_function("normalize_score", "fv_exact")
+        .await
+        .unwrap_err();
+    for error in [create_error, lookup_error, drop_error] {
         assert!(matches!(
             error,
             Error::NotSupported { message }

rust/lancedb/tests/fixtures/first_class_functions/v1/arrow_types.json

@@ -78,6 +78,12 @@
         "type": "utf8"
       }
     },
+    {
+      "arrow_type": "large_utf8",
+      "json": {
+        "type": "large_utf8"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "arrow_type": "binary",
       "json": {
@@ -171,6 +177,21 @@
         ]
       }
     },
+    {
+      "arrow_type": "list<large_utf8>",
+      "json": {
+        "type": "list",
+        "fields": [
+          {
+            "name": "item",
+            "nullable": false,
+            "type": {
+              "type": "large_utf8"
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
     {
       "arrow_type": "large_list<utf8>",
       "json": {
@@ -186,6 +207,21 @@
         ]
       }
     },
+    {
+      "arrow_type": "large_list<large_utf8>",
+      "json": {
+        "type": "large_list",
+        "fields": [
+          {
+            "name": "item",
+            "nullable": false,
+            "type": {
+              "type": "large_utf8"
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
     {
       "arrow_type": "fixed_size_list<float32, 384>",
       "json": {
@@ -330,4 +366,4 @@
     "timestamp[us]",
     "struct<a: int32>"
   ]
-}
+}

rust/lancedb/tests/fixtures/first_class_functions/v1/remote_function_job.json

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
     },
     "runtime_digest": "sha256:runtime",
     "environment_digest": "sha256:environment",
-    "required_secrets": ["HF_TOKEN"],
     "created_at": "2026-08-21T00:00:00Z"
   },
   "future_job": {"trace_id": "trace-1"}

rust/lancedb/tests/fixtures/first_class_functions/v1/remote_function_registration_request.canonical.json

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"artifact":{"adapter":{"kind":"scalar_to_arrow_batch","version":1},"content":{"data":"ZnJvbSBfX2Z1dHVyZV9fIGltcG9ydCBhbm5vdGF0aW9ucwoKZGVmIG5vcm1hbGl6ZV9zY29yZSh2YWx1ZTogZmxvYXQpIC0+IGZsb2F0OgogICAgcmV0dXJuIHZhbHVlIC8gMTAwLjAK","encoding":"base64"},"digest":"sha256:760784bdcef57b802f389b97804cc0b618aae39e86044733451bcd0b13089a7f","entrypoint":"normalize_score","kind":"python_callable"},"name":"normalize_score","required_secrets":["API_TOKEN"],"runtime":{"env":{"MODE":"test"},"environment":{"kind":"pip","packages":["numpy>=2"]},"kind":"python","python_version":"3.12"},"signature":{"inputs":[{"arrow_type":"float64","name":"value","nullable":false}],"output":{"arrow_type":"float64","kind":"scalar","nullable":false}}}
+{"artifact":{"adapter":{"kind":"scalar_to_arrow_batch","version":1},"content":{"data":"ZnJvbSBfX2Z1dHVyZV9fIGltcG9ydCBhbm5vdGF0aW9ucwoKZGVmIG5vcm1hbGl6ZV9zY29yZSh2YWx1ZTogZmxvYXQpIC0+IGZsb2F0OgogICAgcmV0dXJuIHZhbHVlIC8gMTAwLjAK","encoding":"base64"},"digest":"sha256:760784bdcef57b802f389b97804cc0b618aae39e86044733451bcd0b13089a7f","entrypoint":"normalize_score","kind":"python_callable"},"name":"normalize_score","runtime":{"env":{"MODE":"test"},"environment":{"kind":"pip","packages":["numpy>=2"]},"kind":"python","python_version":"3.12"},"signature":{"inputs":[{"arrow_type":"float64","name":"value","nullable":false}],"output":{"arrow_type":"float64","kind":"scalar","nullable":false}}}

rust/lancedb/tests/fixtures/first_class_functions/v1/remote_function_registration_request.json

@@ -39,8 +39,5 @@
     "env": {
       "MODE": "test"
     }
-  },
-  "required_secrets": [
-    "API_TOKEN"
-  ]
+  }
 }

rust/lancedb/tests/fixtures/first_class_functions/v1/remote_function_version.canonical.json

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"artifact":{"digest":"sha256:code","entrypoint":"embed","kind":"python_callable"},"created_at":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","environment_digest":"sha256:environment","name":"embed","required_secrets":["HF_TOKEN"],"runtime":{"env":{"TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM":"false"},"environment":{"kind":"pip","packages":["sentence-transformers>=3"]},"kind":"python","python_version":"3.12"},"runtime_digest":"sha256:runtime","signature":{"inputs":[{"arrow_type":"utf8","name":"text","nullable":true}],"output":{"arrow_type":"list<float32>","kind":"scalar","nullable":false}},"version":"fv_01K3EXACT"}
+{"artifact":{"digest":"sha256:code","entrypoint":"embed","kind":"python_callable"},"created_at":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","environment_digest":"sha256:environment","name":"embed","runtime":{"env":{"TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM":"false"},"environment":{"kind":"pip","packages":["sentence-transformers>=3"]},"kind":"python","python_version":"3.12"},"runtime_digest":"sha256:runtime","signature":{"inputs":[{"arrow_type":"utf8","name":"text","nullable":true}],"output":{"arrow_type":"list<float32>","kind":"scalar","nullable":false}},"version":"fv_01K3EXACT"}