pq bench: avoid repeated conversion to_i128

depends on https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres/pull/25

.github/actionlint.yml

@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ self-hosted-runner:
     - small
     - us-east-2
 config-variables:
+  - REMOTE_STORAGE_AZURE_CONTAINER
+  - REMOTE_STORAGE_AZURE_REGION
   - SLACK_UPCOMING_RELEASE_CHANNEL_ID

.github/actions/allure-report-generate/action.yml

@@ -203,6 +203,10 @@ runs:
         COMMIT_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
         BASE_S3_URL: ${{ steps.generate-report.outputs.base-s3-url }}
       run: |
+        if [ ! -d "${WORKDIR}/report/data/test-cases" ]; then
+          exit 0
+        fi
+
         export DATABASE_URL=${REGRESS_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR_NEW}
 
         ./scripts/pysync

.github/workflows/build_and_test.yml

@@ -338,6 +338,16 @@ jobs:
           # Avoid `$CARGO_FEATURES` since there's no `testing` feature in the e2e tests now
           ${cov_prefix} cargo test $CARGO_FLAGS --package remote_storage --test test_real_s3
 
+          # Run separate tests for real Azure Blob Storage
+          # XXX: replace region with `eu-central-1`-like region
+          export ENABLE_REAL_AZURE_REMOTE_STORAGE=y
+          export AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT="${{ secrets.AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_DEV }}"
+          export AZURE_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY="${{ secrets.AZURE_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY_DEV }}"
+          export REMOTE_STORAGE_AZURE_CONTAINER="${{ vars.REMOTE_STORAGE_AZURE_CONTAINER }}"
+          export REMOTE_STORAGE_AZURE_REGION="${{ vars.REMOTE_STORAGE_AZURE_REGION }}"
+          # Avoid `$CARGO_FEATURES` since there's no `testing` feature in the e2e tests now
+          ${cov_prefix} cargo test $CARGO_FLAGS --package remote_storage --test test_real_azure
+
       - name: Install rust binaries
         run: |
           # Install target binaries
@@ -423,7 +433,7 @@ jobs:
           rerun_flaky: true
           pg_version: ${{ matrix.pg_version }}
         env:
-          TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: ${{ secrets.REGRESS_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR }}
+          TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: ${{ secrets.REGRESS_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR_NEW }}
           CHECK_ONDISK_DATA_COMPATIBILITY: nonempty
 
       - name: Merge and upload coverage data
@@ -458,7 +468,7 @@ jobs:
         env:
           VIP_VAP_ACCESS_TOKEN: "${{ secrets.VIP_VAP_ACCESS_TOKEN }}"
           PERF_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: "${{ secrets.PERF_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR }}"
-          TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: "${{ secrets.REGRESS_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR }}"
+          TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: "${{ secrets.REGRESS_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR_NEW }}"
       # XXX: no coverage data handling here, since benchmarks are run on release builds,
       # while coverage is currently collected for the debug ones
 
@@ -837,7 +847,7 @@ jobs:
       run:
         shell: sh -eu {0}
     env:
-      VM_BUILDER_VERSION: v0.18.1
+      VM_BUILDER_VERSION: v0.18.2
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout

Cargo.lock

@@ -2932,6 +2932,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "nu-ansi-term"
+version = "0.46.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77a8165726e8236064dbb45459242600304b42a5ea24ee2948e18e023bf7ba84"
+dependencies = [
+ "overload",
+ "winapi",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-bigint"
 version = "0.4.3"
@@ -3198,6 +3208,12 @@ version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4030760ffd992bef45b0ae3f10ce1aba99e33464c90d14dd7c039884963ddc7a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "overload"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b15813163c1d831bf4a13c3610c05c0d03b39feb07f7e09fa234dac9b15aaf39"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pagectl"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -3283,10 +3299,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio",
  "tokio-io-timeout",
  "tokio-postgres",
+ "tokio-stream",
  "tokio-tar",
  "tokio-util",
  "toml_edit",
  "tracing",
+ "tracing-subscriber",
  "url",
  "utils",
  "walkdir",
@@ -3561,7 +3579,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "postgres"
 version = "0.19.4"
-source = "git+https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git?rev=7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2#7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2"
+source = "git+https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git?branch=problame/copy-both-duplex-public#5c462bd3500e657c014ef087e4eef2c1a8f0ebda"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "fallible-iterator",
@@ -3574,7 +3592,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "postgres-native-tls"
 version = "0.5.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git?rev=7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2#7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2"
+source = "git+https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git?branch=problame/copy-both-duplex-public#5c462bd3500e657c014ef087e4eef2c1a8f0ebda"
 dependencies = [
  "native-tls",
  "tokio",
@@ -3585,7 +3603,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "postgres-protocol"
 version = "0.6.4"
-source = "git+https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git?rev=7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2#7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2"
+source = "git+https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git?branch=problame/copy-both-duplex-public#5c462bd3500e657c014ef087e4eef2c1a8f0ebda"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.20.0",
  "byteorder",
@@ -3603,7 +3621,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "postgres-types"
 version = "0.2.4"
-source = "git+https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git?rev=7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2#7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2"
+source = "git+https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git?branch=problame/copy-both-duplex-public#5c462bd3500e657c014ef087e4eef2c1a8f0ebda"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "fallible-iterator",
@@ -5407,7 +5425,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-postgres"
 version = "0.7.7"
-source = "git+https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git?rev=7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2#7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2"
+source = "git+https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git?branch=problame/copy-both-duplex-public#5c462bd3500e657c014ef087e4eef2c1a8f0ebda"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "byteorder",
@@ -5764,6 +5782,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "30a651bc37f915e81f087d86e62a18eec5f79550c7faff886f7090b4ea757c77"
 dependencies = [
  "matchers",
+ "nu-ansi-term",
  "once_cell",
  "regex",
  "serde",

Cargo.toml

@@ -161,11 +161,11 @@ env_logger = "0.10"
 log = "0.4"
 
 ## Libraries from neondatabase/ git forks, ideally with changes to be upstreamed
-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2" }
-postgres-native-tls = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2" }
-postgres-protocol = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2" }
-postgres-types = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2" }
-tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2" }
+postgres = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", branch="problame/copy-both-duplex-public" }
+postgres-native-tls = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", branch="problame/copy-both-duplex-public" }
+postgres-protocol = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", branch="problame/copy-both-duplex-public" }
+postgres-types = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", branch="problame/copy-both-duplex-public" }
+tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", branch="problame/copy-both-duplex-public" }
 
 ## Other git libraries
 heapless = { default-features=false, features=[], git = "https://github.com/japaric/heapless.git", rev = "644653bf3b831c6bb4963be2de24804acf5e5001" } # upstream release pending
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ tonic-build = "0.9"
 
 # This is only needed for proxy's tests.
 # TODO: we should probably fork `tokio-postgres-rustls` instead.
-tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="7434d9388965a17a6d113e5dfc0e65666a03b4c2" }
+tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", branch="problame/copy-both-duplex-public" }
 
 ################# Binary contents sections
 

libs/pageserver_api/src/models.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use utils::{
 
 use crate::reltag::RelTag;
 use anyhow::bail;
-use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
+use bytes::{Buf, BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
 
 /// The state of a tenant in this pageserver.
 ///
@@ -807,6 +807,36 @@ impl PagestreamBeMessage {
 
         bytes.into()
     }
+
+    pub fn deserialize(buf: Bytes) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        let mut buf = buf.reader();
+        let msg_tag = buf.read_u8()?;
+        match msg_tag {
+            100 => todo!(),
+            101 => todo!(),
+            102 => {
+                let buf = buf.get_ref();
+                /* TODO use constant */
+                if buf.len() == 8192 {
+                    Ok(PagestreamBeMessage::GetPage(PagestreamGetPageResponse {
+                        page: buf.clone(),
+                    }))
+                } else {
+                    anyhow::bail!("invalid page size: {}", buf.len());
+                }
+            }
+            103 => {
+                let buf = buf.get_ref();
+                let cstr = std::ffi::CStr::from_bytes_until_nul(&buf)?;
+                let rust_str = cstr.to_str()?;
+                Ok(PagestreamBeMessage::Error(PagestreamErrorResponse {
+                    message: rust_str.to_owned(),
+                }))
+            }
+            104 => todo!(),
+            _ => bail!("unknown tag: {:?}", msg_tag),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

libs/pageserver_api/src/reltag.rs

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ use postgres_ffi::Oid;
 /// [See more related comments here](https:///github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/99c5852e20a0987eca1c38ba0c09329d4076b6a0/src/include/storage/relfilenode.h#L57).
 ///
 // FIXME: should move 'forknum' as last field to keep this consistent with Postgres.
-// Then we could replace the custo Ord and PartialOrd implementations below with
-// deriving them.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+// Then we could replace the custom Ord and PartialOrd implementations below with
+// deriving them. This will require changes in walredoproc.c.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Copy, Serialize)]
 pub struct RelTag {
     pub forknum: u8,
     pub spcnode: Oid,
@@ -40,21 +40,9 @@ impl PartialOrd for RelTag {
 
 impl Ord for RelTag {
     fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
-        let mut cmp = self.spcnode.cmp(&other.spcnode);
-        if cmp != Ordering::Equal {
-            return cmp;
-        }
-        cmp = self.dbnode.cmp(&other.dbnode);
-        if cmp != Ordering::Equal {
-            return cmp;
-        }
-        cmp = self.relnode.cmp(&other.relnode);
-        if cmp != Ordering::Equal {
-            return cmp;
-        }
-        cmp = self.forknum.cmp(&other.forknum);
-
-        cmp
+        // Custom ordering where we put forknum to the end of the list
+        let other_tup = (other.spcnode, other.dbnode, other.relnode, other.forknum);
+        (self.spcnode, self.dbnode, self.relnode, self.forknum).cmp(&other_tup)
     }
 }
 

libs/remote_storage/src/lib.rs

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ impl RemotePath {
         self.0.file_name()
     }
 
-    pub fn join(&self, segment: &Utf8Path) -> Self {
+    pub fn join<P: AsRef<Utf8Path>>(&self, segment: P) -> Self {
         Self(self.0.join(segment))
     }
 

pageserver/Cargo.toml

@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ enum-map.workspace = true
 enumset.workspace = true
 strum.workspace = true
 strum_macros.workspace = true
+tokio-stream.workspace = true
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.17", features = ["env-filter"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion.workspace = true

pageserver/src/bin/getpage_bench_http.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+use clap::Parser;
+use hyper::client::conn::Parts;
+use hyper::client::HttpConnector;
+use hyper::{Body, Client, Uri};
+use pageserver::{repository, tenant};
+use rand::prelude::*;
+use std::env::args;
+use std::future::Future;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::thread;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc::{channel, Sender};
+use tokio::sync::Mutex as AsyncMutex;
+use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
+
+struct Key(repository::Key);
+
+impl std::str::FromStr for Key {
+    type Err = anyhow::Error;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        repository::Key::from_hex(s).map(Key)
+    }
+}
+
+struct KeyRange {
+    start: Key,
+    end: Key,
+}
+
+impl KeyRange {
+    fn len(&self) -> i128 {
+        self.end.0.to_i128() - self.start.0.to_i128()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Parser)]
+struct Args {
+    #[clap(long, default_value = "http://localhost:9898")]
+    ps_endpoint: String,
+    // tenant_id: String,
+    // timeline_id: String,
+    num_tasks: usize,
+    num_requests: usize,
+    tenants: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    #[clap(long)]
+    pick_n_tenants: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct Stats {
+    completed_requests: AtomicU64,
+}
+
+impl Stats {
+    fn inc(&self) {
+        self.completed_requests.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+    let args: &'static Args = Box::leak(Box::new(Args::parse()));
+
+    let client = Client::new();
+
+    let tenants = if let Some(tenants) = &args.tenants {
+        tenants.clone()
+    } else {
+        // let tenant_id = "b97965931096047b2d54958756baee7b";
+        // let timeline_id = "2868f84a8d166779e4c651b116c45059";
+
+        let resp = client
+            .get(Uri::try_from(&format!("{}/v1/tenant", args.ps_endpoint)).unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let body = hyper::body::to_bytes(resp).await.unwrap();
+        let tenants: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        for t in tenants.as_array().unwrap() {
+            if let Some(limit) = args.pick_n_tenants {
+                if out.len() >= limit {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            out.push(t.get("id").unwrap().as_str().unwrap().to_owned());
+        }
+        if let Some(limit) = args.pick_n_tenants {
+            assert_eq!(out.len(), limit);
+        }
+        out
+    };
+
+    let mut tenant_timelines = Vec::new();
+    for tenant_id in tenants {
+        let resp = client
+            .get(
+                Uri::try_from(&format!(
+                    "{}/v1/tenant/{}/timeline",
+                    args.ps_endpoint, tenant_id
+                ))
+                .unwrap(),
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let body = hyper::body::to_bytes(resp).await.unwrap();
+        let timelines: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+        for t in timelines.as_array().unwrap() {
+            let timeline_id = t.get("timeline_id").unwrap().as_str().unwrap().to_owned();
+            tenant_timelines.push((tenant_id.clone(), timeline_id));
+        }
+    }
+    println!("tenant_timelines:\n{:?}", tenant_timelines);
+
+    let mut stats = Arc::new(Stats::default());
+
+    tokio::spawn({
+        let stats = Arc::clone(&stats);
+        async move {
+            loop {
+                let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+                tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
+                let completed_requests = stats.completed_requests.swap(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+                println!(
+                    "RPS: {:.0}",
+                    completed_requests as f64 / elapsed.as_secs_f64()
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    let mut tasks = Vec::new();
+    for (tenant_id, timeline_id) in tenant_timelines {
+        let t = tokio::spawn(timeline(
+            args,
+            client.clone(),
+            tenant_id,
+            timeline_id,
+            Arc::clone(&stats),
+        ));
+        tasks.push(t);
+    }
+
+    for t in tasks {
+        t.await.unwrap();
+    }
+}
+
+fn timeline(
+    args: &'static Args,
+    client: Client<HttpConnector, Body>,
+    tenant_id: String,
+    timeline_id: String,
+    stats: Arc<Stats>,
+) -> impl Future<Output = ()> {
+    async move {
+        let mut resp = client
+            .get(
+                Uri::try_from(&format!(
+                    "{}/v1/tenant/{}/timeline/{}/keyspace",
+                    args.ps_endpoint, tenant_id, timeline_id
+                ))
+                .unwrap(),
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        if !resp.status().is_success() {
+            panic!("Failed to get keyspace: {resp:?}");
+        }
+        let body = hyper::body::to_bytes(resp).await.unwrap();
+        let keyspace: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+
+        let lsn = Arc::new(keyspace["at_lsn"].as_str().unwrap().to_owned());
+
+        let ranges = keyspace["keys"]
+            .as_array()
+            .unwrap()
+            .iter()
+            .map(|r| {
+                let r = r.as_array().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(r.len(), 2);
+                let start = Key::from_str(r[0].as_str().unwrap()).unwrap();
+                let end = Key::from_str(r[1].as_str().unwrap()).unwrap();
+                KeyRange { start, end }
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        // weighted ranges
+        let weights = ranges.iter().map(|r| r.len()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        let ranges = Arc::new(ranges);
+        let weights = Arc::new(weights);
+
+        let (tx, mut rx) = channel::<i32>(1000);
+        let tx = Arc::new(AsyncMutex::new(tx));
+
+        let mut tasks = Vec::<JoinHandle<()>>::new();
+
+        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+
+        for i in 0..args.num_tasks {
+            let ranges = ranges.clone();
+            let weights = weights.clone();
+            let lsn = lsn.clone();
+            let client = client.clone();
+            let tenant_id = tenant_id.clone();
+            let timeline_id = timeline_id.clone();
+            let stats = Arc::clone(&stats);
+            let task = tokio::spawn(async move {
+                for i in 0..args.num_requests {
+                    let key = {
+                        let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+                        let r = ranges.choose_weighted(&mut rng, |r| r.len()).unwrap();
+                        let key = rng.gen_range((r.start.0.to_i128()..r.end.0.to_i128()));
+                        key
+                    };
+                    let url = format!(
+                        "{}/v1/tenant/{}/timeline/{}/getpage?key={:036x}&lsn={}",
+                        args.ps_endpoint, tenant_id, timeline_id, key, lsn
+                    );
+                    let uri = url.parse::<Uri>().unwrap();
+                    let resp = client.get(uri).await.unwrap();
+                    stats.inc();
+                }
+            });
+            tasks.push(task);
+        }
+
+        drop(tx);
+
+        for task in tasks {
+            task.await.unwrap();
+        }
+
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+        println!(
+            "RPS: {:.0}",
+            (args.num_requests * args.num_tasks) as f64 / elapsed.as_secs_f64()
+        );
+    }
+}

pageserver/src/bin/getpage_bench_libpq.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+use anyhow::Context;
+use clap::Parser;
+use futures::{SinkExt, TryStreamExt};
+use hyper::client::conn::Parts;
+use hyper::client::HttpConnector;
+use hyper::{Client, Uri};
+use pageserver::page_cache::PAGE_SZ;
+use pageserver::pgdatadir_mapping::{is_rel_block_key, key_to_rel_block};
+use pageserver::{repository, tenant};
+use pageserver_api::models::{
+    PagestreamBeMessage, PagestreamFeMessage, PagestreamGetPageRequest, PagestreamGetPageResponse,
+};
+use pageserver_api::reltag::RelTag;
+use rand::prelude::*;
+use scopeguard::defer;
+use std::env::args;
+use std::future::Future;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::thread;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc::{channel, Sender};
+use tokio::sync::Mutex as AsyncMutex;
+use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
+use tokio_stream::{Stream, StreamExt};
+use utils::completion;
+use utils::lsn::Lsn;
+
+struct Key(repository::Key);
+
+impl std::str::FromStr for Key {
+    type Err = anyhow::Error;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        repository::Key::from_hex(s).map(Key)
+    }
+}
+
+struct KeyRange {
+    start: i128,
+    end: i128,
+}
+
+impl KeyRange {
+    fn len(&self) -> i128 {
+        self.end - self.start
+    }
+}
+
+struct RelTagBlockNo {
+    rel_tag: RelTag,
+    block_no: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Parser)]
+struct Args {
+    #[clap(long, default_value = "http://localhost:9898")]
+    ps_endpoint: String,
+    // tenant_id: String,
+    // timeline_id: String,
+    num_tasks: usize,
+    num_requests: usize,
+    tenants: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    #[clap(long)]
+    pick_n_tenants: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct Stats {
+    completed_requests: AtomicU64,
+}
+
+impl Stats {
+    fn inc(&self) {
+        self.completed_requests.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+    let args: &'static Args = Box::leak(Box::new(Args::parse()));
+
+    // std::env::set_var("RUST_LOG", "info,tokio_postgres=trace");
+    // tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
+
+    let client = Client::new();
+
+    let tenants = if let Some(tenants) = &args.tenants {
+        tenants.clone()
+    } else {
+        // let tenant_id = "b97965931096047b2d54958756baee7b";
+        // let timeline_id = "2868f84a8d166779e4c651b116c45059";
+
+        let resp = client
+            .get(Uri::try_from(&format!("{}/v1/tenant", args.ps_endpoint)).unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let body = hyper::body::to_bytes(resp).await.unwrap();
+        let tenants: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        for t in tenants.as_array().unwrap() {
+            if let Some(limit) = args.pick_n_tenants {
+                if out.len() >= limit {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            out.push(t.get("id").unwrap().as_str().unwrap().to_owned());
+        }
+        if let Some(limit) = args.pick_n_tenants {
+            assert_eq!(out.len(), limit);
+        }
+        out
+    };
+
+    let mut tenant_timelines = Vec::new();
+    for tenant_id in tenants {
+        let resp = client
+            .get(
+                Uri::try_from(&format!(
+                    "{}/v1/tenant/{}/timeline",
+                    args.ps_endpoint, tenant_id
+                ))
+                .unwrap(),
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let body = hyper::body::to_bytes(resp).await.unwrap();
+        let timelines: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+        for t in timelines.as_array().unwrap() {
+            let timeline_id = t.get("timeline_id").unwrap().as_str().unwrap().to_owned();
+            tenant_timelines.push((tenant_id.clone(), timeline_id));
+        }
+    }
+    println!("tenant_timelines:\n{:?}", tenant_timelines);
+
+    let mut stats = Arc::new(Stats::default());
+
+    tokio::spawn({
+        let stats = Arc::clone(&stats);
+        async move {
+            loop {
+                let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+                tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
+                let completed_requests = stats.completed_requests.swap(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+                println!(
+                    "RPS: {:.0}",
+                    completed_requests as f64 / elapsed.as_secs_f64()
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    let mut tasks = Vec::new();
+    for (tenant_id, timeline_id) in tenant_timelines {
+        let stats = Arc::clone(&stats);
+        let t = tokio::spawn(timeline(
+            args,
+            client.clone(),
+            tenant_id,
+            timeline_id,
+            stats,
+        ));
+        tasks.push(t);
+    }
+
+    for t in tasks {
+        t.await.unwrap();
+    }
+}
+
+fn timeline(
+    args: &'static Args,
+    http_client: Client<HttpConnector, hyper::Body>,
+    tenant_id: String,
+    timeline_id: String,
+    stats: Arc<Stats>,
+) -> impl Future<Output = ()> + Send + Sync {
+    async move {
+        let mut resp = http_client
+            .get(
+                Uri::try_from(&format!(
+                    "{}/v1/tenant/{}/timeline/{}/keyspace",
+                    args.ps_endpoint, tenant_id, timeline_id
+                ))
+                .unwrap(),
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        if !resp.status().is_success() {
+            panic!("Failed to get keyspace: {resp:?}");
+        }
+        let body = hyper::body::to_bytes(resp).await.unwrap();
+        let keyspace: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+        let lsn: Lsn = keyspace["at_lsn"].as_str().unwrap().parse().unwrap();
+
+        let ranges = keyspace["keys"]
+            .as_array()
+            .unwrap()
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|r| {
+                let r = r.as_array().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(r.len(), 2);
+                let start = Key::from_str(r[0].as_str().unwrap()).unwrap();
+                let end = Key::from_str(r[1].as_str().unwrap()).unwrap();
+                // filter out non-relblock keys
+                match (is_rel_block_key(start.0), is_rel_block_key(end.0)) {
+                    (true, true) => Some(KeyRange {
+                        start: start.0.to_i128(),
+                        end: end.0.to_i128(),
+                    }),
+                    (true, false) | (false, true) => {
+                        unimplemented!("split up range")
+                    }
+                    (false, false) => None,
+                }
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        // weighted ranges
+        let weights = ranges.iter().map(|r| r.len()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        let ranges = Arc::new(ranges);
+        let weights = Arc::new(weights);
+
+        let mut tasks = Vec::<JoinHandle<()>>::new();
+
+        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+
+        for i in 0..args.num_tasks {
+            let ranges = ranges.clone();
+            let weights = weights.clone();
+            let client = http_client.clone();
+            let tenant_id = tenant_id.clone();
+            let timeline_id = timeline_id.clone();
+            let task = tokio::spawn({
+                let stats = Arc::clone(&stats);
+                async move {
+                    let mut client =
+                        getpage_client::Client::new(tenant_id.clone(), timeline_id.clone())
+                            .await
+                            .unwrap();
+                    for i in 0..args.num_requests {
+                        let key = {
+                            let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+                            let r = ranges.choose_weighted(&mut rng, |r| r.len()).unwrap();
+                            let key: i128 = rng.gen_range((r.start..r.end));
+                            let key = repository::Key::from_i128(key);
+                            // XXX filter these out when we iterate the keyspace
+                            assert!(
+                                is_rel_block_key(key),
+                                "we filter non-relblock keys out above"
+                            );
+                            let (rel_tag, block_no) =
+                                key_to_rel_block(key).expect("we just checked");
+                            RelTagBlockNo { rel_tag, block_no }
+                        };
+                        client
+                            .getpage(key, lsn)
+                            .await
+                            .with_context(|| {
+                                format!("getpage for tenant {} timeline {}", tenant_id, timeline_id)
+                            })
+                            .unwrap();
+                        stats.inc();
+                    }
+                    client.shutdown().await;
+                }
+            });
+            tasks.push(task);
+        }
+
+        for task in tasks {
+            task.await.unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+mod getpage_client {
+    use std::pin::Pin;
+
+    use futures::SinkExt;
+    use pageserver_api::models::{
+        PagestreamBeMessage, PagestreamFeMessage, PagestreamGetPageRequest,
+        PagestreamGetPageResponse,
+    };
+    use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
+    use tokio_stream::StreamExt;
+    use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
+    use utils::lsn::Lsn;
+
+    use crate::RelTagBlockNo;
+
+    pub(crate) struct Client {
+        copy_both: Pin<Box<tokio_postgres::CopyBothDuplex<bytes::Bytes>>>,
+        cancel_on_client_drop: Option<tokio_util::sync::DropGuard>,
+        conn_task: JoinHandle<()>,
+    }
+
+    impl Client {
+        pub fn new(
+            tenant_id: String,
+            timeline_id: String,
+        ) -> impl std::future::Future<Output = anyhow::Result<Self>> + Send {
+            async move {
+                let (client, connection) =
+                    tokio_postgres::connect("host=localhost port=64000", postgres::NoTls).await?;
+
+                let conn_task_cancel = CancellationToken::new();
+                let conn_task = tokio::spawn({
+                    let conn_task_cancel = conn_task_cancel.clone();
+                    async move {
+                        tokio::select! {
+                            _ = conn_task_cancel.cancelled() => {
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            res = connection => {
+                                res.unwrap();
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+
+                let copy_both: tokio_postgres::CopyBothDuplex<bytes::Bytes> = client
+                    .copy_both_simple(&format!("pagestream {tenant_id} {timeline_id}"))
+                    .await?;
+
+                Ok(Self {
+                    copy_both: Box::pin(copy_both),
+                    conn_task,
+                    cancel_on_client_drop: Some(conn_task_cancel.drop_guard()),
+                })
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub async fn shutdown(mut self) {
+            let _ = self.cancel_on_client_drop.take();
+            self.conn_task.await.unwrap();
+        }
+
+        pub async fn getpage(
+            &mut self,
+            key: RelTagBlockNo,
+            lsn: Lsn,
+        ) -> anyhow::Result<PagestreamGetPageResponse> {
+            let req = PagestreamGetPageRequest {
+                latest: false,
+                rel: key.rel_tag,
+                blkno: key.block_no,
+                lsn,
+            };
+            let req = PagestreamFeMessage::GetPage(req);
+            let req: bytes::Bytes = req.serialize();
+            // let mut req = tokio_util::io::ReaderStream::new(&req);
+            let mut req = tokio_stream::once(Ok(req));
+
+            self.copy_both.send_all(&mut req).await?;
+
+            let next: Option<Result<bytes::Bytes, _>> = self.copy_both.next().await;
+            let next = next.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+            match PagestreamBeMessage::deserialize(next)? {
+                PagestreamBeMessage::Exists(_) => todo!(),
+                PagestreamBeMessage::Nblocks(_) => todo!(),
+                PagestreamBeMessage::GetPage(p) => Ok(p),
+                PagestreamBeMessage::Error(e) => anyhow::bail!("Error: {:?}", e),
+                PagestreamBeMessage::DbSize(_) => todo!(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

pageserver/src/http/openapi_spec.yml

@@ -392,13 +392,19 @@ paths:
             type: string
             format: date-time
           description: A timestamp to get the LSN
+        - name: version
+          in: query
+          required: false
+          schema:
+            type: integer
+          description: The version of the endpoint to use
       responses:
         "200":
           description: OK
           content:
             application/json:
               schema:
-                type: string
+                $ref: "#/components/schemas/LsnByTimestampResponse"
         "400":
           description: Error when no tenant id found in path, no timeline id or invalid timestamp
           content:
@@ -1384,6 +1390,19 @@ components:
           type: string
           format: hex
 
+    LsnByTimestampResponse:
+      type: object
+      required:
+        - lsn
+        - kind
+      properties:
+        lsn:
+          type: string
+          format: hex
+        kind:
+          type: string
+          enum: [past, present, future, nodata]
+
     Error:
       type: object
       required:

pageserver/src/http/routes.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Context, Result};
 use futures::TryFutureExt;
 use humantime::format_rfc3339;
-use hyper::header::CONTENT_TYPE;
+use hyper::header;
 use hyper::StatusCode;
 use hyper::{Body, Request, Response, Uri};
 use metrics::launch_timestamp::LaunchTimestamp;
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use pageserver_api::models::{
     TenantLoadRequest, TenantLocationConfigRequest,
 };
 use remote_storage::GenericRemoteStorage;
+use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 use tenant_size_model::{SizeResult, StorageModel};
 use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
 use tracing::*;
@@ -484,6 +485,8 @@ async fn get_lsn_by_timestamp_handler(
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
 
+    let version: Option<u8> = parse_query_param(&request, "version")?;
+
     let timeline_id: TimelineId = parse_request_param(&request, "timeline_id")?;
     let timestamp_raw = must_get_query_param(&request, "timestamp")?;
     let timestamp = humantime::parse_rfc3339(&timestamp_raw)
@@ -495,13 +498,32 @@ async fn get_lsn_by_timestamp_handler(
     let timeline = active_timeline_of_active_tenant(tenant_id, timeline_id).await?;
     let result = timeline.find_lsn_for_timestamp(timestamp_pg, &ctx).await?;
 
-    let result = match result {
-        LsnForTimestamp::Present(lsn) => format!("{lsn}"),
-        LsnForTimestamp::Future(_lsn) => "future".into(),
-        LsnForTimestamp::Past(_lsn) => "past".into(),
-        LsnForTimestamp::NoData(_lsn) => "nodata".into(),
-    };
-    json_response(StatusCode::OK, result)
+    if version.unwrap_or(0) > 1 {
+        #[serde_as]
+        #[derive(serde::Serialize)]
+        struct Result {
+            #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
+            lsn: Lsn,
+            kind: &'static str,
+        }
+        let (lsn, kind) = match result {
+            LsnForTimestamp::Present(lsn) => (lsn, "present"),
+            LsnForTimestamp::Future(lsn) => (lsn, "future"),
+            LsnForTimestamp::Past(lsn) => (lsn, "past"),
+            LsnForTimestamp::NoData(lsn) => (lsn, "nodata"),
+        };
+        json_response(StatusCode::OK, Result { lsn, kind })
+    } else {
+        // FIXME: this is a temporary crutch not to break backwards compatibility
+        // See https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/5608
+        let result = match result {
+            LsnForTimestamp::Present(lsn) => format!("{lsn}"),
+            LsnForTimestamp::Future(_lsn) => "future".into(),
+            LsnForTimestamp::Past(_lsn) => "past".into(),
+            LsnForTimestamp::NoData(_lsn) => "nodata".into(),
+        };
+        json_response(StatusCode::OK, result)
+    }
 }
 
 async fn get_timestamp_of_lsn_handler(
@@ -659,6 +681,45 @@ async fn tenant_ignore_handler(
     json_response(StatusCode::OK, ())
 }
 
+async fn tenant_duplicate_handler(
+    mut request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+    let src_tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
+
+    let request_data: TenantCreateRequest = json_request(&mut request).await?;
+    let new_tenant_id = request_data.new_tenant_id;
+    check_permission(&request, None)?;
+
+    let _timer = STORAGE_TIME_GLOBAL
+        .get_metric_with_label_values(&[StorageTimeOperation::DuplicateTenant.into()])
+        .expect("bug")
+        .start_timer();
+
+    let tenant_conf =
+        TenantConfOpt::try_from(&request_data.config).map_err(ApiError::BadRequest)?;
+
+    let state = get_state(&request);
+
+    let generation = get_request_generation(state, request_data.generation)?;
+
+    let ctx = RequestContext::new(TaskKind::MgmtRequest, DownloadBehavior::Warn);
+
+    mgr::duplicate_tenant(
+        state.conf,
+        tenant_conf,
+        src_tenant_id,
+        new_tenant_id,
+        generation,
+        state.tenant_resources(),
+        &ctx,
+    )
+    .instrument(info_span!("tenant_duplicate", %src_tenant_id, tenant_id = %new_tenant_id))
+    .await?;
+
+    json_response(StatusCode::CREATED, TenantCreateResponse(new_tenant_id))
+}
+
 async fn tenant_list_handler(
     request: Request<Body>,
     _cancel: CancellationToken,
@@ -767,6 +828,10 @@ async fn tenant_size_handler(
         .map_err(ApiError::InternalServerError)?;
 
     let mut sizes = None;
+    let accepts_html = headers
+        .get(header::ACCEPT)
+        .map(|v| v == "text/html")
+        .unwrap_or_default();
     if !inputs_only.unwrap_or(false) {
         let storage_model = inputs
             .calculate_model()
@@ -774,11 +839,11 @@ async fn tenant_size_handler(
         let size = storage_model.calculate();
 
         // If request header expects html, return html
-        if headers["Accept"] == "text/html" {
+        if accepts_html {
             return synthetic_size_html_response(inputs, storage_model, size);
         }
         sizes = Some(size);
-    } else if headers["Accept"] == "text/html" {
+    } else if accepts_html {
         return Err(ApiError::BadRequest(anyhow!(
             "inputs_only parameter is incompatible with html output request"
         )));
@@ -929,7 +994,7 @@ fn synthetic_size_html_response(
 pub fn html_response(status: StatusCode, data: String) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let response = Response::builder()
         .status(status)
-        .header(hyper::header::CONTENT_TYPE, "text/html")
+        .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "text/html")
         .body(Body::from(data.as_bytes().to_vec()))
         .map_err(|e| ApiError::InternalServerError(e.into()))?;
     Ok(response)
@@ -1310,7 +1375,7 @@ async fn getpage_at_lsn_handler(
         Result::<_, ApiError>::Ok(
             Response::builder()
                 .status(StatusCode::OK)
-                .header(CONTENT_TYPE, "application/octet-stream")
+                .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/octet-stream")
                 .body(hyper::Body::from(page))
                 .unwrap(),
         )
@@ -1702,6 +1767,9 @@ pub fn make_router(
         .post("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/ignore", |r| {
             api_handler(r, tenant_ignore_handler)
         })
+        .post("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/duplicate", |r| {
+            api_handler(r, tenant_duplicate_handler)
+        })
         .get("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id", |r| {
             api_handler(r, timeline_detail_handler)
         })

pageserver/src/lib.rs

@@ -149,6 +149,10 @@ fn ends_with_suffix(path: &Utf8Path, suffix: &str) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
+// FIXME: DO NOT ADD new query methods like this, which will have a next step of parsing timelineid
+// from the directory name. Instead create type "UninitMark(TimelineId)" and only parse it once
+// from the name.
+
 pub fn is_uninit_mark(path: &Utf8Path) -> bool {
     ends_with_suffix(path, TIMELINE_UNINIT_MARK_SUFFIX)
 }

pageserver/src/metrics.rs

@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ pub enum StorageTimeOperation {
 
     #[strum(serialize = "create tenant")]
     CreateTenant,
+
+    #[strum(serialize = "duplicate tenant")]
+    DuplicateTenant,
 }
 
 pub static STORAGE_TIME_SUM_PER_TIMELINE: Lazy<CounterVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
@@ -1388,27 +1391,22 @@ impl TimelineMetrics {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn record_new_file_metrics(&self, sz: u64) {
+    pub(crate) fn record_new_file_metrics(&self, sz: u64) {
         self.resident_physical_size_add(sz);
         self.num_persistent_files_created.inc_by(1);
         self.persistent_bytes_written.inc_by(sz);
     }
 
-    pub fn resident_physical_size_sub(&self, sz: u64) {
+    pub(crate) fn resident_physical_size_sub(&self, sz: u64) {
         self.resident_physical_size_gauge.sub(sz);
         crate::metrics::RESIDENT_PHYSICAL_SIZE_GLOBAL.sub(sz);
     }
 
-    pub fn resident_physical_size_add(&self, sz: u64) {
+    pub(crate) fn resident_physical_size_add(&self, sz: u64) {
         self.resident_physical_size_gauge.add(sz);
         crate::metrics::RESIDENT_PHYSICAL_SIZE_GLOBAL.add(sz);
     }
 
-    pub fn resident_physical_size_set(&self, sz: u64) {
-        self.resident_physical_size_gauge.set(sz);
-        crate::metrics::RESIDENT_PHYSICAL_SIZE_GLOBAL.set(sz);
-    }
-
     pub fn resident_physical_size_get(&self) -> u64 {
         self.resident_physical_size_gauge.get()
     }

pageserver/src/pgdatadir_mapping.rs

@@ -675,8 +675,9 @@ impl Timeline {
 
         result.add_key(CONTROLFILE_KEY);
         result.add_key(CHECKPOINT_KEY);
-        result.add_key(AUX_FILES_KEY);
-
+        if self.get(AUX_FILES_KEY, lsn, ctx).await.is_ok() {
+            result.add_key(AUX_FILES_KEY);
+        }
         Ok(result.to_keyspace())
     }
 
@@ -1693,6 +1694,7 @@ const AUX_FILES_KEY: Key = Key {
 // Reverse mappings for a few Keys.
 // These are needed by WAL redo manager.
 
+/// Guaranteed to return `Ok()` if [[is_rel_block_key]] returns `true` for `key`.
 pub fn key_to_rel_block(key: Key) -> anyhow::Result<(RelTag, BlockNumber)> {
     Ok(match key.field1 {
         0x00 => (
@@ -1708,7 +1710,8 @@ pub fn key_to_rel_block(key: Key) -> anyhow::Result<(RelTag, BlockNumber)> {
     })
 }
 
-fn is_rel_block_key(key: Key) -> bool {
+/// See [[key_to_rel_block]].
+pub fn is_rel_block_key(key: Key) -> bool {
     key.field1 == 0x00 && key.field4 != 0
 }
 

pageserver/src/tenant.rs

@@ -1057,8 +1057,8 @@ impl Tenant {
                     TimelineId::try_from(timeline_uninit_mark_file.file_stem())
                         .with_context(|| {
                             format!(
-                            "Could not parse timeline id out of the timeline uninit mark name {timeline_uninit_mark_file}",
-                        )
+                                "Could not parse timeline id out of the timeline uninit mark name {timeline_uninit_mark_file}",
+                            )
                         })?;
                 let timeline_dir = self.conf.timeline_path(&self.tenant_id, &timeline_id);
                 if let Err(e) =

pageserver/src/tenant/mgr.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@
 use camino::{Utf8DirEntry, Utf8Path, Utf8PathBuf};
 use rand::{distributions::Alphanumeric, Rng};
 use std::collections::{hash_map, HashMap};
+use std::str::FromStr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use tokio::fs;
+use tokio::io::AsyncSeekExt;
 
 use anyhow::Context;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
@@ -26,9 +28,11 @@ use crate::deletion_queue::DeletionQueueClient;
 use crate::task_mgr::{self, TaskKind};
 use crate::tenant::config::{AttachmentMode, LocationConf, LocationMode, TenantConfOpt};
 use crate::tenant::delete::DeleteTenantFlow;
+use crate::tenant::span::debug_assert_current_span_has_tenant_id;
+use crate::tenant::storage_layer::{DeltaLayer, ImageLayer, LayerFileName};
 use crate::tenant::{
-    create_tenant_files, AttachMarkerMode, AttachedTenantConf, CreateTenantFilesMode, Tenant,
-    TenantState,
+    create_tenant_files, remote_timeline_client, AttachMarkerMode, AttachedTenantConf,
+    CreateTenantFilesMode, IndexPart, Tenant, TenantState,
 };
 use crate::{InitializationOrder, IGNORED_TENANT_FILE_NAME, TEMP_FILE_SUFFIX};
 
@@ -695,6 +699,159 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_tenant(
     }).await
 }
 
+pub(crate) async fn duplicate_tenant(
+    conf: &'static PageServerConf,
+    tenant_conf: TenantConfOpt,
+    src_tenant_id: TenantId,
+    new_tenant_id: TenantId,
+    generation: Generation,
+    resources: TenantSharedResources,
+    ctx: &RequestContext,
+) -> Result<(), TenantMapInsertError> {
+    debug_assert_current_span_has_tenant_id();
+
+    // TODO: would be nice to use tenant_map_insert here, but, we're not ready to create a Tenant object yet
+    let tempdir = path_with_suffix_extension(
+        conf.tenants_path().join(&new_tenant_id.to_string()),
+        &format!("duplication.{TEMP_FILE_SUFFIX}"),
+    );
+    tokio::fs::remove_dir_all(&tempdir)
+        .await
+        .or_else(|e| match e.kind() {
+            std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(()),
+            _ => Err(e),
+        })
+        .context("pre-run clean up tempdir")?;
+
+    tokio::fs::create_dir(&tempdir)
+        .await
+        .context("create tempdir")?;
+
+    // Copy the tenant's data in S3
+    let remote_storage = resources
+        .remote_storage
+        .as_ref()
+        .context("only works with remote storage")?;
+
+    let remote_src_timelines =
+        remote_timeline_client::list_remote_timelines(remote_storage, src_tenant_id)
+            .await
+            .context("list src timelines")?;
+
+    info!(?remote_src_timelines, "got src timelines");
+
+    for timeline_id in remote_src_timelines {
+        async {
+            let tempdir = tempdir.join(&timeline_id.to_string());
+
+            tokio::fs::create_dir(&tempdir)
+                .await
+                .context("create tempdir for timeline")?;
+
+            let remote_src_tl =
+                remote_timeline_client::remote_timeline_path(&src_tenant_id, &timeline_id);
+            let remote_dst_tl =
+                remote_timeline_client::remote_timeline_path(&new_tenant_id, &timeline_id);
+
+            let object_names = remote_storage
+                .list_prefixes(Some(&remote_src_tl))
+                .await
+                .context("list timeline remote prefix")?;
+
+            for name in object_names {
+                async {
+                    let name = name.object_name().context(
+                        "list_prefixes return values should always have object_name()=Some",
+                    )?;
+                    let remote_src_obj = remote_src_tl.join(name);
+                    let remote_dst_obj = remote_dst_tl.join(name);
+
+                    let tmp_obj_filepath = tempdir.join(name);
+                    let mut tmp_obj_file = tokio::fs::OpenOptions::new()
+                        .read(true)
+                        .write(true)
+                        .create_new(true)
+                        .open(&tmp_obj_filepath)
+                        .await
+                        .context("create temp file")?;
+                    let mut tmp_dl = remote_storage
+                        .download(&remote_src_obj)
+                        .await
+                        .context("start download")?;
+                    let tmp_obj_size =
+                        tokio::io::copy(&mut tmp_dl.download_stream, &mut tmp_obj_file)
+                            .await
+                            .context("do the download")?;
+
+                    if name == IndexPart::FILE_NAME {
+                        // needs no patching
+                    } else {
+                        let name = LayerFileName::from_str(name).map_err(|e: String| {
+                            anyhow::anyhow!("unknown key in timeline s3 prefix: {name:?}: {e}")
+                        })?;
+                        match name {
+                            LayerFileName::Image(_) => {
+                                ImageLayer::rewrite_tenant_timeline(
+                                    &tmp_obj_filepath,
+                                    new_tenant_id,
+                                    timeline_id, /* leave as is */
+                                    ctx,
+                                )
+                                .await
+                                .context("rewrite tenant timeline")?;
+                            }
+                            LayerFileName::Delta(_) => {
+                                DeltaLayer::rewrite_tenant_timeline(
+                                    &tmp_obj_filepath,
+                                    new_tenant_id,
+                                    timeline_id, /* leave as is */
+                                    ctx,
+                                )
+                                .await
+                                .context("rewrite tenant timeline")?;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    info!(?remote_dst_obj, "uploading");
+
+                    tmp_obj_file
+                        .seek(std::io::SeekFrom::Start(0))
+                        .await
+                        .context("seek tmp file to beginning for upload")?;
+                    remote_storage
+                        .upload(
+                            tmp_obj_file,
+                            tmp_obj_size as usize,
+                            &remote_dst_obj,
+                            tmp_dl.metadata,
+                        )
+                        .await
+                        .context("upload modified")?;
+
+                    tokio::fs::remove_file(tmp_obj_filepath)
+                        .await
+                        .context("remove temp file")?;
+
+                    anyhow::Ok(())
+                }
+                .instrument(info_span!("copy object", object_name=?name))
+                .await
+                .context("copy object")?;
+            }
+            anyhow::Ok(())
+        }
+        .instrument(info_span!("copy_timeline", timeline_id=%timeline_id))
+        .await?;
+    }
+
+    tokio::fs::remove_dir_all(&tempdir)
+        .await
+        .context("post-run clean up tempdir")?;
+
+    attach_tenant(conf, new_tenant_id, generation, tenant_conf, resources, ctx).await
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub(crate) enum SetNewTenantConfigError {
     #[error(transparent)]

pageserver/src/tenant/remote_timeline_client.rs

@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
     ///
     /// Launch an upload operation in the background.
     ///
-    pub fn schedule_layer_file_upload(
+    pub(crate) fn schedule_layer_file_upload(
         self: &Arc<Self>,
         layer_file_name: &LayerFileName,
         layer_metadata: &LayerFileMetadata,
@@ -635,6 +635,17 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
         let mut guard = self.upload_queue.lock().unwrap();
         let upload_queue = guard.initialized_mut()?;
 
+        self.schedule_layer_file_upload0(upload_queue, layer_file_name, layer_metadata);
+        self.launch_queued_tasks(upload_queue);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn schedule_layer_file_upload0(
+        self: &Arc<Self>,
+        upload_queue: &mut UploadQueueInitialized,
+        layer_file_name: &LayerFileName,
+        layer_metadata: &LayerFileMetadata,
+    ) {
         upload_queue
             .latest_files
             .insert(layer_file_name.clone(), layer_metadata.clone());
@@ -643,21 +654,15 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
         let op = UploadOp::UploadLayer(layer_file_name.clone(), layer_metadata.clone());
         self.calls_unfinished_metric_begin(&op);
         upload_queue.queued_operations.push_back(op);
-
         info!("scheduled layer file upload {layer_file_name}");
-
-        // Launch the task immediately, if possible
-        self.launch_queued_tasks(upload_queue);
-        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Launch a delete operation in the background.
     ///
-    /// The operation does not modify local state but assumes the local files have already been
-    /// deleted, and is used to mirror those changes to remote.
+    /// The operation does not modify local filesystem state.
     ///
     /// Note: This schedules an index file upload before the deletions.  The
-    /// deletion won't actually be performed, until any previously scheduled
+    /// deletion won't actually be performed, until all previously scheduled
     /// upload operations, and the index file upload, have completed
     /// successfully.
     pub fn schedule_layer_file_deletion(
@@ -667,61 +672,133 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
         let mut guard = self.upload_queue.lock().unwrap();
         let upload_queue = guard.initialized_mut()?;
 
+        let with_generations =
+            self.schedule_unlinking_of_layers_from_index_part0(upload_queue, &names);
+
+        self.schedule_deletion_of_unlinked0(upload_queue, with_generations);
+
+        // Launch the tasks immediately, if possible
+        self.launch_queued_tasks(upload_queue);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Unlinks the layer files from `index_part.json` but does not yet schedule deletion for the
+    /// layer files, leaving them dangling.
+    ///
+    /// The files will be leaked in remote storage unless [`Self::schedule_deletion_of_unlinked`]
+    /// is invoked on them.
+    #[allow(unused)] // will be used by PR#4938
+    pub(crate) fn schedule_unlinking_of_layers_from_index_part(
+        self: &Arc<Self>,
+        names: Vec<LayerFileName>,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let mut guard = self.upload_queue.lock().unwrap();
+        let upload_queue = guard.initialized_mut()?;
+
+        // just forget the return value; after uploading the next index_part.json, we can consider
+        // the layer files as "dangling". this is fine however.
+        self.schedule_unlinking_of_layers_from_index_part0(upload_queue, &names);
+
+        self.launch_queued_tasks(upload_queue);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Update the remote index file, removing the to-be-deleted files from the index,
+    /// allowing scheduling of actual deletions later.
+    fn schedule_unlinking_of_layers_from_index_part0(
+        self: &Arc<Self>,
+        upload_queue: &mut UploadQueueInitialized,
+        names: &[LayerFileName],
+    ) -> Vec<(LayerFileName, Generation)> {
         // Deleting layers doesn't affect the values stored in TimelineMetadata,
         // so we don't need update it. Just serialize it.
         let metadata = upload_queue.latest_metadata.clone();
 
-        // Update the remote index file, removing the to-be-deleted files from the index,
-        // before deleting the actual files.
-        //
-        // Once we start removing files from upload_queue.latest_files, there's
-        // no going back! Otherwise, some of the files would already be removed
-        // from latest_files, but not yet scheduled for deletion. Use a closure
-        // to syntactically forbid ? or bail! calls here.
-        let no_bail_here = || {
-            // Decorate our list of names with each name's generation, dropping
-            // makes that are unexpectedly missing from our metadata.
-            let with_generations: Vec<_> = names
-                .into_iter()
-                .filter_map(|name| {
-                    // Remove from latest_files, learning the file's remote generation in the process
-                    let meta = upload_queue.latest_files.remove(&name);
+        // Decorate our list of names with each name's generation, dropping
+        // makes that are unexpectedly missing from our metadata.
+        let with_generations: Vec<_> = names
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|name| {
+                // Remove from latest_files, learning the file's remote generation in the process
+                let meta = upload_queue.latest_files.remove(name);
 
-                    if let Some(meta) = meta {
-                        upload_queue.latest_files_changes_since_metadata_upload_scheduled += 1;
-                        Some((name, meta.generation))
-                    } else {
-                        // This can only happen if we forgot to to schedule the file upload
-                        // before scheduling the delete. Log it because it is a rare/strange
-                        // situation, and in case something is misbehaving, we'd like to know which
-                        // layers experienced this.
-                        info!(
-                            "Deleting layer {name} not found in latest_files list, never uploaded?"
-                        );
-                        None
-                    }
-                })
-                .collect();
+                if let Some(meta) = meta {
+                    upload_queue.latest_files_changes_since_metadata_upload_scheduled += 1;
+                    Some((name.to_owned(), meta.generation))
+                } else {
+                    // This can only happen if we forgot to to schedule the file upload
+                    // before scheduling the delete. Log it because it is a rare/strange
+                    // situation, and in case something is misbehaving, we'd like to know which
+                    // layers experienced this.
+                    info!("Deleting layer {name} not found in latest_files list, never uploaded?");
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
 
-            if upload_queue.latest_files_changes_since_metadata_upload_scheduled > 0 {
-                self.schedule_index_upload(upload_queue, metadata);
-            }
+        // after unlinking files from the upload_queue.latest_files we must always schedule an
+        // index_part update, because that needs to be uploaded before we can actually delete the
+        // files.
+        if upload_queue.latest_files_changes_since_metadata_upload_scheduled > 0 {
+            self.schedule_index_upload(upload_queue, metadata);
+        }
 
-            for (name, gen) in &with_generations {
-                info!("scheduling deletion of layer {}{}", name, gen.get_suffix());
-            }
+        with_generations
+    }
 
-            // schedule the actual deletions
-            let op = UploadOp::Delete(Delete {
-                layers: with_generations,
-            });
-            self.calls_unfinished_metric_begin(&op);
-            upload_queue.queued_operations.push_back(op);
+    /// Schedules deletion for layer files which have previously been unlinked from the
+    /// `index_part.json` with [`Self::schedule_unlinking_of_layers_from_index_part`].
+    #[allow(unused)] // will be used by Layer::drop in PR#4938
+    pub(crate) fn schedule_deletion_of_unlinked(
+        self: &Arc<Self>,
+        layers: Vec<(LayerFileName, Generation)>,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let mut guard = self.upload_queue.lock().unwrap();
+        let upload_queue = guard.initialized_mut()?;
+
+        self.schedule_deletion_of_unlinked0(upload_queue, layers);
+        self.launch_queued_tasks(upload_queue);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn schedule_deletion_of_unlinked0(
+        self: &Arc<Self>,
+        upload_queue: &mut UploadQueueInitialized,
+        with_generations: Vec<(LayerFileName, Generation)>,
+    ) {
+        for (name, gen) in &with_generations {
+            info!("scheduling deletion of layer {}{}", name, gen.get_suffix());
+        }
+
+        // schedule the actual deletions
+        let op = UploadOp::Delete(Delete {
+            layers: with_generations,
+        });
+        self.calls_unfinished_metric_begin(&op);
+        upload_queue.queued_operations.push_back(op);
+    }
+
+    /// Schedules a compaction update to the remote `index_part.json`.
+    ///
+    /// `compacted_from` represent the L0 names which have been `compacted_to` L1 layers.
+    pub(crate) fn schedule_compaction_update(
+        self: &Arc<Self>,
+        compacted_from: &[LayerFileName],
+        compacted_to: &[(LayerFileName, LayerFileMetadata)],
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let mut guard = self.upload_queue.lock().unwrap();
+        let upload_queue = guard.initialized_mut()?;
+
+        for (name, m) in compacted_to {
+            self.schedule_layer_file_upload0(upload_queue, name, m);
+        }
+
+        let with_generations =
+            self.schedule_unlinking_of_layers_from_index_part0(upload_queue, compacted_from);
+        self.schedule_deletion_of_unlinked0(upload_queue, with_generations);
+        self.launch_queued_tasks(upload_queue);
 
-            // Launch the tasks immediately, if possible
-            self.launch_queued_tasks(upload_queue);
-        };
-        no_bail_here();
         Ok(())
     }
 

pageserver/src/tenant/remote_timeline_client/upload.rs

@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ pub(super) async fn upload_timeline_layer<'a>(
         bail!("failpoint before-upload-layer")
     });
 
+    pausable_failpoint!("before-upload-layer-pausable");
+
     let storage_path = remote_path(conf, source_path, generation)?;
     let source_file_res = fs::File::open(&source_path).await;
     let source_file = match source_file_res {

pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/delta_layer.rs

@@ -844,6 +844,49 @@ impl Drop for DeltaLayerWriter {
     }
 }
 
+impl DeltaLayer {
+    /// Assume the file at `path` is corrupt if this function returns with an error.
+    pub(crate) async fn rewrite_tenant_timeline(
+        path: &Utf8Path,
+        new_tenant: TenantId,
+        new_timeline: TimelineId,
+        ctx: &RequestContext,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let file = VirtualFile::open_with_options(
+            path,
+            &*std::fs::OpenOptions::new().read(true).write(true),
+        )
+        .await
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to open file '{}'", path))?;
+        let file = FileBlockReader::new(file);
+        let summary_blk = file.read_blk(0, ctx).await?;
+        let actual_summary = Summary::des_prefix(summary_blk.as_ref())?;
+        let mut file = file.file;
+        if actual_summary.magic != DELTA_FILE_MAGIC {
+            bail!("File '{}' is not a delta layer", path);
+        }
+        let new_summary = Summary {
+            tenant_id: new_tenant,
+            timeline_id: new_timeline,
+            ..actual_summary
+        };
+
+        let mut buf = smallvec::SmallVec::<[u8; PAGE_SZ]>::new();
+        Summary::ser_into(&new_summary, &mut buf)?;
+        if buf.spilled() {
+            // The code in ImageLayerWriterInner just warn!()s for this.
+            // It should probably error out as well.
+            anyhow::bail!(
+                "Used more than one page size for summary buffer: {}",
+                buf.len()
+            );
+        }
+        file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0)).await?;
+        file.write_all(&buf).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 impl DeltaLayerInner {
     pub(super) async fn load(
         path: &Utf8Path,

pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/image_layer.rs

@@ -436,6 +436,49 @@ impl ImageLayer {
     }
 }
 
+impl ImageLayer {
+    /// Assume the file at `path` is corrupt if this function returns with an error.
+    pub(crate) async fn rewrite_tenant_timeline(
+        path: &Utf8Path,
+        new_tenant: TenantId,
+        new_timeline: TimelineId,
+        ctx: &RequestContext,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let file = VirtualFile::open_with_options(
+            path,
+            &*std::fs::OpenOptions::new().read(true).write(true),
+        )
+        .await
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to open file '{}'", path))?;
+        let file = FileBlockReader::new(file);
+        let summary_blk = file.read_blk(0, ctx).await?;
+        let actual_summary = Summary::des_prefix(summary_blk.as_ref())?;
+        let mut file = file.file;
+        if actual_summary.magic != IMAGE_FILE_MAGIC {
+            bail!("File '{}' is not a delta layer", path);
+        }
+        let new_summary = Summary {
+            tenant_id: new_tenant,
+            timeline_id: new_timeline,
+            ..actual_summary
+        };
+
+        let mut buf = smallvec::SmallVec::<[u8; PAGE_SZ]>::new();
+        Summary::ser_into(&new_summary, &mut buf)?;
+        if buf.spilled() {
+            // The code in ImageLayerWriterInner just warn!()s for this.
+            // It should probably error out as well.
+            anyhow::bail!(
+                "Used more than one page size for summary buffer: {}",
+                buf.len()
+            );
+        }
+        file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0)).await?;
+        file.write_all(&buf).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 impl ImageLayerInner {
     pub(super) async fn load(
         path: &Utf8Path,

pageserver/src/tenant/tasks.rs

@@ -159,11 +159,8 @@ async fn compaction_loop(tenant: Arc<Tenant>, cancel: CancellationToken) {
 
             // TODO: we shouldn't need to await to find tenant and this could be moved outside of
             // loop, #3501. There are also additional "allowed_errors" in tests.
-            if first {
-                first = false;
-                if random_init_delay(period, &cancel).await.is_err() {
-                    break;
-                }
+            if first && random_init_delay(period, &cancel).await.is_err() {
+                break;
             }
 
             let started_at = Instant::now();
@@ -183,7 +180,16 @@ async fn compaction_loop(tenant: Arc<Tenant>, cancel: CancellationToken) {
                 }
             };
 
-            warn_when_period_overrun(started_at.elapsed(), period, BackgroundLoopKind::Compaction);
+            if !first {
+                // The first iteration is typically much slower, because all tenants compete for the
+                // compaction sempahore to run, and because of concurrent startup work like initializing
+                // logical sizes.  To avoid routinely spamming warnings, we suppress this log on first iteration.
+                warn_when_period_overrun(
+                    started_at.elapsed(),
+                    period,
+                    BackgroundLoopKind::Compaction,
+                );
+            }
 
             // Sleep
             if tokio::time::timeout(sleep_duration, cancel.cancelled())
@@ -192,6 +198,8 @@ async fn compaction_loop(tenant: Arc<Tenant>, cancel: CancellationToken) {
             {
                 break;
             }
+
+            first = false;
         }
     }
     .await;
@@ -223,11 +231,8 @@ async fn gc_loop(tenant: Arc<Tenant>, cancel: CancellationToken) {
 
             let period = tenant.get_gc_period();
 
-            if first {
-                first = false;
-                if random_init_delay(period, &cancel).await.is_err() {
-                    break;
-                }
+            if first && random_init_delay(period, &cancel).await.is_err() {
+                break;
             }
 
             let started_at = Instant::now();
@@ -251,7 +256,12 @@ async fn gc_loop(tenant: Arc<Tenant>, cancel: CancellationToken) {
                 }
             };
 
-            warn_when_period_overrun(started_at.elapsed(), period, BackgroundLoopKind::Gc);
+            if !first {
+                // The first iteration is typically much slower, because all tenants compete for the
+                // compaction sempahore to run, and because of concurrent startup work like initializing
+                // logical sizes.  To avoid routinely spamming warnings, we suppress this log on first iteration.
+                warn_when_period_overrun(started_at.elapsed(), period, BackgroundLoopKind::Gc);
+            }
 
             // Sleep
             if tokio::time::timeout(sleep_duration, cancel.cancelled())
@@ -260,6 +270,8 @@ async fn gc_loop(tenant: Arc<Tenant>, cancel: CancellationToken) {
             {
                 break;
             }
+
+            first = false;
         }
     }
     .await;

pageserver/src/tenant/timeline.rs

@@ -1871,7 +1871,7 @@ impl Timeline {
             "loaded layer map with {} layers at {}, total physical size: {}",
             num_layers, disk_consistent_lsn, total_physical_size
         );
-        self.metrics.resident_physical_size_set(total_physical_size);
+        self.metrics.resident_physical_size_add(total_physical_size);
 
         timer.stop_and_record();
         Ok(())
@@ -2793,10 +2793,13 @@ impl Timeline {
                 )
             };
 
+        let disk_consistent_lsn = Lsn(lsn_range.end.0 - 1);
+        let old_disk_consistent_lsn = self.disk_consistent_lsn.load();
+
         // The new on-disk layers are now in the layer map. We can remove the
         // in-memory layer from the map now. The flushed layer is stored in
         // the mapping in `create_delta_layer`.
-        {
+        let metadata = {
             let mut guard = self.layers.write().await;
 
             if let Some(ref l) = delta_layer_to_add {
@@ -2812,8 +2815,17 @@ impl Timeline {
             }
 
             guard.finish_flush_l0_layer(delta_layer_to_add, &frozen_layer);
+            if disk_consistent_lsn != old_disk_consistent_lsn {
+                assert!(disk_consistent_lsn > old_disk_consistent_lsn);
+                self.disk_consistent_lsn.store(disk_consistent_lsn);
+
+                // Schedule remote uploads that will reflect our new disk_consistent_lsn
+                Some(self.schedule_uploads(disk_consistent_lsn, layer_paths_to_upload)?)
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
             // release lock on 'layers'
-        }
+        };
 
         // FIXME: between create_delta_layer and the scheduling of the upload in `update_metadata_file`,
         // a compaction can delete the file and then it won't be available for uploads any more.
@@ -2829,28 +2841,22 @@ impl Timeline {
         //
         // TODO: This perhaps should be done in 'flush_frozen_layers', after flushing
         // *all* the layers, to avoid fsyncing the file multiple times.
-        let disk_consistent_lsn = Lsn(lsn_range.end.0 - 1);
-        let old_disk_consistent_lsn = self.disk_consistent_lsn.load();
 
-        // If we were able to advance 'disk_consistent_lsn', save it the metadata file.
-        // After crash, we will restart WAL streaming and processing from that point.
-        if disk_consistent_lsn != old_disk_consistent_lsn {
-            assert!(disk_consistent_lsn > old_disk_consistent_lsn);
-            self.update_metadata_file(disk_consistent_lsn, layer_paths_to_upload)
+        // If we updated our disk_consistent_lsn, persist the updated metadata to local disk.
+        if let Some(metadata) = metadata {
+            save_metadata(self.conf, &self.tenant_id, &self.timeline_id, &metadata)
                 .await
-                .context("update_metadata_file")?;
-            // Also update the in-memory copy
-            self.disk_consistent_lsn.store(disk_consistent_lsn);
+                .context("save_metadata")?;
         }
         Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Update metadata file
-    async fn update_metadata_file(
+    fn schedule_uploads(
         &self,
         disk_consistent_lsn: Lsn,
         layer_paths_to_upload: HashMap<LayerFileName, LayerFileMetadata>,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<TimelineMetadata> {
         // We can only save a valid 'prev_record_lsn' value on disk if we
         // flushed *all* in-memory changes to disk. We only track
         // 'prev_record_lsn' in memory for the latest processed record, so we
@@ -2887,10 +2893,6 @@ impl Timeline {
             x.unwrap()
         ));
 
-        save_metadata(self.conf, &self.tenant_id, &self.timeline_id, &metadata)
-            .await
-            .context("save_metadata")?;
-
         if let Some(remote_client) = &self.remote_client {
             for (path, layer_metadata) in layer_paths_to_upload {
                 remote_client.schedule_layer_file_upload(&path, &layer_metadata)?;
@@ -2898,6 +2900,20 @@ impl Timeline {
             remote_client.schedule_index_upload_for_metadata_update(&metadata)?;
         }
 
+        Ok(metadata)
+    }
+
+    async fn update_metadata_file(
+        &self,
+        disk_consistent_lsn: Lsn,
+        layer_paths_to_upload: HashMap<LayerFileName, LayerFileMetadata>,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let metadata = self.schedule_uploads(disk_consistent_lsn, layer_paths_to_upload)?;
+
+        save_metadata(self.conf, &self.tenant_id, &self.timeline_id, &metadata)
+            .await
+            .context("save_metadata")?;
+
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -3063,6 +3079,7 @@ impl Timeline {
         Ok(false)
     }
 
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%lsn, %force))]
     async fn create_image_layers(
         &self,
         partitioning: &KeyPartitioning,
@@ -3853,22 +3870,21 @@ impl Timeline {
         // now, we just skip the file to avoid unintentional modification to files on the disk and in the layer map.
         let mut duplicated_layers = HashSet::new();
 
+        let mut uploaded_layers = Vec::with_capacity(new_layers.len());
         let mut insert_layers = Vec::new();
         let mut remove_layers = Vec::new();
 
-        for l in new_layers {
+        for l in &new_layers {
             let new_delta_path = l.path();
 
             let metadata = new_delta_path.metadata().with_context(|| {
                 format!("read file metadata for new created layer {new_delta_path}")
             })?;
 
-            if let Some(remote_client) = &self.remote_client {
-                remote_client.schedule_layer_file_upload(
-                    &l.filename(),
-                    &LayerFileMetadata::new(metadata.len(), self.generation),
-                )?;
-            }
+            uploaded_layers.push((
+                l.filename(),
+                LayerFileMetadata::new(metadata.len(), self.generation),
+            ));
 
             // update metrics, including the timeline's physical size
             self.metrics.record_new_file_metrics(metadata.len());
@@ -3881,7 +3897,7 @@ impl Timeline {
                 LayerResidenceStatus::Resident,
                 LayerResidenceEventReason::LayerCreate,
             );
-            let l = l as Arc<dyn PersistentLayer>;
+            let l = l.to_owned() as Arc<dyn PersistentLayer>;
             if guard.contains(&l) {
                 tracing::error!(layer=%l, "duplicated L1 layer");
                 duplicated_layers.insert(l.layer_desc().key());
@@ -3913,13 +3929,12 @@ impl Timeline {
             &self.metrics,
         )?;
 
-        drop_wlock(guard);
-
-        // Also schedule the deletions in remote storage
-        if let Some(remote_client) = &self.remote_client {
-            remote_client.schedule_layer_file_deletion(layer_names_to_delete)?;
+        if let Some(remote_client) = self.remote_client.as_ref() {
+            remote_client.schedule_compaction_update(&layer_names_to_delete, &uploaded_layers)?;
         }
 
+        drop_wlock(guard);
+
         Ok(())
     }
 

pageserver/src/tenant/timeline/walreceiver/connection_manager.rs

@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ use storage_broker::proto::subscribe_safekeeper_info_request::SubscriptionKey;
 use storage_broker::proto::SafekeeperTimelineInfo;
 use storage_broker::proto::SubscribeSafekeeperInfoRequest;
 use storage_broker::proto::TenantTimelineId as ProtoTenantTimelineId;
-use storage_broker::BrokerClientChannel;
-use storage_broker::Streaming;
+use storage_broker::{BrokerClientChannel, Code, Streaming};
 use tokio::select;
 use tracing::*;
 
@@ -137,8 +136,17 @@ pub(super) async fn connection_manager_loop_step(
             broker_update = broker_subscription.message() => {
                 match broker_update {
                     Ok(Some(broker_update)) => connection_manager_state.register_timeline_update(broker_update),
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        error!("broker subscription failed: {e}");
+                    Err(status) => {
+                        match status.code() {
+                            Code::Unknown if status.message().contains("stream closed because of a broken pipe") => {
+                                // tonic's error handling doesn't provide a clear code for disconnections: we get
+                                // "h2 protocol error: error reading a body from connection: stream closed because of a broken pipe"
+                                info!("broker disconnected: {status}");
+                            },
+                            _ => {
+                                warn!("broker subscription failed: {status}");
+                            }
+                        }
                         return ControlFlow::Continue(());
                     }
                     Ok(None) => {

pageserver/src/virtual_file.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ use std::fs::{self, File, OpenOptions};
 use std::io::{Error, ErrorKind, Seek, SeekFrom};
 use std::os::unix::fs::FileExt;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
-use std::sync::{RwLock, RwLockWriteGuard};
+use tokio::sync::{RwLock, RwLockReadGuard, RwLockWriteGuard};
+use tokio::time::Instant;
 
 ///
 /// A virtual file descriptor. You can use this just like std::fs::File, but internally
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ impl OpenFiles {
     ///
     /// On return, we hold a lock on the slot, and its 'tag' has been updated
     /// recently_used has been set. It's all ready for reuse.
-    fn find_victim_slot(&self) -> (SlotHandle, RwLockWriteGuard<SlotInner>) {
+    async fn find_victim_slot(&self) -> (SlotHandle, RwLockWriteGuard<SlotInner>) {
         //
         // Run the clock algorithm to find a slot to replace.
         //
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ impl OpenFiles {
                 }
                 retries += 1;
             } else {
-                slot_guard = slot.inner.write().unwrap();
+                slot_guard = slot.inner.write().await;
                 index = next;
                 break;
             }
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ impl OpenFiles {
         // old file.
         //
         if let Some(old_file) = slot_guard.file.take() {
-            // the normal path of dropping VirtualFile uses "close", use "close-by-replace" here to
+            // the normal path of dropping VirtualFile uses `Close`, use `CloseByReplace` here to
             // distinguish the two.
             STORAGE_IO_TIME_METRIC
                 .get(StorageIoOperation::CloseByReplace)
@@ -208,6 +209,29 @@ impl CrashsafeOverwriteError {
     }
 }
 
+/// Observe duration for the given storage I/O operation
+///
+/// Unlike `observe_closure_duration`, this supports async,
+/// where "support" means that we measure wall clock time.
+macro_rules! observe_duration {
+    ($op:expr, $($body:tt)*) => {{
+        let instant = Instant::now();
+        let result = $($body)*;
+        let elapsed = instant.elapsed().as_secs_f64();
+        STORAGE_IO_TIME_METRIC
+            .get($op)
+            .observe(elapsed);
+        result
+    }}
+}
+
+macro_rules! with_file {
+    ($this:expr, $op:expr, | $ident:ident | $($body:tt)*) => {{
+        let $ident = $this.lock_file().await?;
+        observe_duration!($op, $($body)*)
+    }};
+}
+
 impl VirtualFile {
     /// Open a file in read-only mode. Like File::open.
     pub async fn open(path: &Utf8Path) -> Result<VirtualFile, std::io::Error> {
@@ -244,11 +268,9 @@ impl VirtualFile {
             tenant_id = "*".to_string();
             timeline_id = "*".to_string();
         }
-        let (handle, mut slot_guard) = get_open_files().find_victim_slot();
+        let (handle, mut slot_guard) = get_open_files().find_victim_slot().await;
 
-        let file = STORAGE_IO_TIME_METRIC
-            .get(StorageIoOperation::Open)
-            .observe_closure_duration(|| open_options.open(path))?;
+        let file = observe_duration!(StorageIoOperation::Open, open_options.open(path))?;
 
         // Strip all options other than read and write.
         //
@@ -331,22 +353,24 @@ impl VirtualFile {
 
     /// Call File::sync_all() on the underlying File.
     pub async fn sync_all(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        self.with_file(StorageIoOperation::Fsync, |file| file.sync_all())
-            .await?
+        with_file!(self, StorageIoOperation::Fsync, |file| file
+            .as_ref()
+            .sync_all())
     }
 
     pub async fn metadata(&self) -> Result<fs::Metadata, Error> {
-        self.with_file(StorageIoOperation::Metadata, |file| file.metadata())
-            .await?
+        with_file!(self, StorageIoOperation::Metadata, |file| file
+            .as_ref()
+            .metadata())
     }
 
-    /// Helper function that looks up the underlying File for this VirtualFile,
-    /// opening it and evicting some other File if necessary. It calls 'func'
-    /// with the physical File.
-    async fn with_file<F, R>(&self, op: StorageIoOperation, mut func: F) -> Result<R, Error>
-    where
-        F: FnMut(&File) -> R,
-    {
+    /// Helper function internal to `VirtualFile` that looks up the underlying File,
+    /// opens it and evicts some other File if necessary. The passed parameter is
+    /// assumed to be a function available for the physical `File`.
+    ///
+    /// We are doing it via a macro as Rust doesn't support async closures that
+    /// take on parameters with lifetimes.
+    async fn lock_file(&self) -> Result<FileGuard<'_>, Error> {
         let open_files = get_open_files();
 
         let mut handle_guard = {
@@ -356,27 +380,23 @@ impl VirtualFile {
             // We only need to hold the handle lock while we read the current handle. If
             // another thread closes the file and recycles the slot for a different file,
             // we will notice that the handle we read is no longer valid and retry.
-            let mut handle = *self.handle.read().unwrap();
+            let mut handle = *self.handle.read().await;
             loop {
                 // Check if the slot contains our File
                 {
                     let slot = &open_files.slots[handle.index];
-                    let slot_guard = slot.inner.read().unwrap();
-                    if slot_guard.tag == handle.tag {
-                        if let Some(file) = &slot_guard.file {
-                            // Found a cached file descriptor.
-                            slot.recently_used.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-                            return Ok(STORAGE_IO_TIME_METRIC
-                                .get(op)
-                                .observe_closure_duration(|| func(file)));
-                        }
+                    let slot_guard = slot.inner.read().await;
+                    if slot_guard.tag == handle.tag && slot_guard.file.is_some() {
+                        // Found a cached file descriptor.
+                        slot.recently_used.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                        return Ok(FileGuard { slot_guard });
                     }
                 }
 
                 // The slot didn't contain our File. We will have to open it ourselves,
                 // but before that, grab a write lock on handle in the VirtualFile, so
                 // that no other thread will try to concurrently open the same file.
-                let handle_guard = self.handle.write().unwrap();
+                let handle_guard = self.handle.write().await;
 
                 // If another thread changed the handle while we were not holding the lock,
                 // then the handle might now be valid again. Loop back to retry.
@@ -390,17 +410,10 @@ impl VirtualFile {
 
         // We need to open the file ourselves. The handle in the VirtualFile is
         // now locked in write-mode. Find a free slot to put it in.
-        let (handle, mut slot_guard) = open_files.find_victim_slot();
+        let (handle, mut slot_guard) = open_files.find_victim_slot().await;
 
         // Open the physical file
-        let file = STORAGE_IO_TIME_METRIC
-            .get(StorageIoOperation::Open)
-            .observe_closure_duration(|| self.open_options.open(&self.path))?;
-
-        // Perform the requested operation on it
-        let result = STORAGE_IO_TIME_METRIC
-            .get(op)
-            .observe_closure_duration(|| func(&file));
+        let file = observe_duration!(StorageIoOperation::Open, self.open_options.open(&self.path))?;
 
         // Store the File in the slot and update the handle in the VirtualFile
         // to point to it.
@@ -408,7 +421,9 @@ impl VirtualFile {
 
         *handle_guard = handle;
 
-        Ok(result)
+        return Ok(FileGuard {
+            slot_guard: slot_guard.downgrade(),
+        });
     }
 
     pub fn remove(self) {
@@ -423,11 +438,9 @@ impl VirtualFile {
                 self.pos = offset;
             }
             SeekFrom::End(offset) => {
-                self.pos = self
-                    .with_file(StorageIoOperation::Seek, |mut file| {
-                        file.seek(SeekFrom::End(offset))
-                    })
-                    .await??
+                self.pos = with_file!(self, StorageIoOperation::Seek, |file| file
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .seek(SeekFrom::End(offset)))?
             }
             SeekFrom::Current(offset) => {
                 let pos = self.pos as i128 + offset as i128;
@@ -515,9 +528,9 @@ impl VirtualFile {
     }
 
     pub async fn read_at(&self, buf: &mut [u8], offset: u64) -> Result<usize, Error> {
-        let result = self
-            .with_file(StorageIoOperation::Read, |file| file.read_at(buf, offset))
-            .await?;
+        let result = with_file!(self, StorageIoOperation::Read, |file| file
+            .as_ref()
+            .read_at(buf, offset));
         if let Ok(size) = result {
             STORAGE_IO_SIZE
                 .with_label_values(&["read", &self.tenant_id, &self.timeline_id])
@@ -527,9 +540,9 @@ impl VirtualFile {
     }
 
     async fn write_at(&self, buf: &[u8], offset: u64) -> Result<usize, Error> {
-        let result = self
-            .with_file(StorageIoOperation::Write, |file| file.write_at(buf, offset))
-            .await?;
+        let result = with_file!(self, StorageIoOperation::Write, |file| file
+            .as_ref()
+            .write_at(buf, offset));
         if let Ok(size) = result {
             STORAGE_IO_SIZE
                 .with_label_values(&["write", &self.tenant_id, &self.timeline_id])
@@ -539,6 +552,18 @@ impl VirtualFile {
     }
 }
 
+struct FileGuard<'a> {
+    slot_guard: RwLockReadGuard<'a, SlotInner>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsRef<File> for FileGuard<'a> {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &File {
+        // This unwrap is safe because we only create `FileGuard`s
+        // if we know that the file is Some.
+        self.slot_guard.file.as_ref().unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 impl VirtualFile {
     pub(crate) async fn read_blk(
@@ -571,20 +596,39 @@ impl VirtualFile {
 impl Drop for VirtualFile {
     /// If a VirtualFile is dropped, close the underlying file if it was open.
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        let handle = self.handle.get_mut().unwrap();
+        let handle = self.handle.get_mut();
 
-        // We could check with a read-lock first, to avoid waiting on an
-        // unrelated I/O.
-        let slot = &get_open_files().slots[handle.index];
-        let mut slot_guard = slot.inner.write().unwrap();
-        if slot_guard.tag == handle.tag {
-            slot.recently_used.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
-            // there is also operation "close-by-replace" for closes done on eviction for
-            // comparison.
-            STORAGE_IO_TIME_METRIC
-                .get(StorageIoOperation::Close)
-                .observe_closure_duration(|| drop(slot_guard.file.take()));
+        fn clean_slot(slot: &Slot, mut slot_guard: RwLockWriteGuard<'_, SlotInner>, tag: u64) {
+            if slot_guard.tag == tag {
+                slot.recently_used.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                // there is also the `CloseByReplace` operation for closes done on eviction for
+                // comparison.
+                STORAGE_IO_TIME_METRIC
+                    .get(StorageIoOperation::Close)
+                    .observe_closure_duration(|| drop(slot_guard.file.take()));
+            }
         }
+
+        // We don't have async drop so we cannot directly await the lock here.
+        // Instead, first do a best-effort attempt at closing the underlying
+        // file descriptor by using `try_write`, and if that fails, spawn
+        // a tokio task to do it asynchronously: we just want it to be
+        // cleaned up eventually.
+        // Most of the time, the `try_lock` should succeed though,
+        // as we have `&mut self` access. In other words, if the slot
+        // is still occupied by our file, there should be no access from
+        // other I/O operations; the only other possible place to lock
+        // the slot is the lock algorithm looking for free slots.
+        let slot = &get_open_files().slots[handle.index];
+        if let Ok(slot_guard) = slot.inner.try_write() {
+            clean_slot(slot, slot_guard, handle.tag);
+        } else {
+            let tag = handle.tag;
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                let slot_guard = slot.inner.write().await;
+                clean_slot(slot, slot_guard, tag);
+            });
+        };
     }
 }
 

poetry.lock

@@ -2447,20 +2447,20 @@ test = ["websockets"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "werkzeug"
-version = "2.2.3"
+version = "3.0.1"
 description = "The comprehensive WSGI web application library."
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7"
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
-    {file = "Werkzeug-2.2.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:56433961bc1f12533306c624f3be5e744389ac61d722175d543e1751285da612"},
-    {file = "Werkzeug-2.2.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2e1ccc9417d4da358b9de6f174e3ac094391ea1d4fbef2d667865d819dfd0afe"},
+    {file = "werkzeug-3.0.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:90a285dc0e42ad56b34e696398b8122ee4c681833fb35b8334a095d82c56da10"},
+    {file = "werkzeug-3.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:507e811ecea72b18a404947aded4b3390e1db8f826b494d76550ef45bb3b1dcc"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
 MarkupSafe = ">=2.1.1"
 
 [package.extras]
-watchdog = ["watchdog"]
+watchdog = ["watchdog (>=2.3)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wrapt"
@@ -2719,4 +2719,4 @@ cffi = ["cffi (>=1.11)"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.0"
 python-versions = "^3.9"
-content-hash = "c5981d8d7c2deadd47c823bc35f86f830c8e320b653d2d3718bade1f4d2dabca"
+content-hash = "74649cf47c52f21b01b096a42044750b1c9677576b405be0489c2909127a9bf1"

proxy/src/auth/backend.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ mod hacks;
 mod link;
 
 pub use link::LinkAuthError;
+use tokio_postgres::config::AuthKeys;
 
+use crate::proxy::{handle_try_wake, retry_after};
 use crate::{
     auth::{self, ClientCredentials},
     config::AuthenticationConfig,
@@ -16,8 +18,9 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use futures::TryFutureExt;
 use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::ops::ControlFlow;
 use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
-use tracing::info;
+use tracing::{error, info, warn};
 
 /// A product of successful authentication.
 pub struct AuthSuccess<T> {
@@ -117,22 +120,27 @@ impl<'a, T, E> BackendType<'a, Result<T, E>> {
     }
 }
 
+pub enum ComputeCredentials {
+    Password(Vec<u8>),
+    AuthKeys(AuthKeys),
+}
+
 /// True to its name, this function encapsulates our current auth trade-offs.
 /// Here, we choose the appropriate auth flow based on circumstances.
-async fn auth_quirks(
+async fn auth_quirks_creds(
     api: &impl console::Api,
     extra: &ConsoleReqExtra<'_>,
     creds: &mut ClientCredentials<'_>,
     client: &mut stream::PqStream<impl AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin>,
     allow_cleartext: bool,
     config: &'static AuthenticationConfig,
-) -> auth::Result<AuthSuccess<CachedNodeInfo>> {
+) -> auth::Result<AuthSuccess<ComputeCredentials>> {
     // If there's no project so far, that entails that client doesn't
     // support SNI or other means of passing the endpoint (project) name.
     // We now expect to see a very specific payload in the place of password.
     if creds.project.is_none() {
         // Password will be checked by the compute node later.
-        return hacks::password_hack(api, extra, creds, client).await;
+        return hacks::password_hack(creds, client).await;
     }
 
     // Password hack should set the project name.
@@ -143,13 +151,55 @@ async fn auth_quirks(
     // Currently, we use it for websocket connections (latency).
     if allow_cleartext {
         // Password will be checked by the compute node later.
-        return hacks::cleartext_hack(api, extra, creds, client).await;
+        return hacks::cleartext_hack(client).await;
     }
 
     // Finally, proceed with the main auth flow (SCRAM-based).
     classic::authenticate(api, extra, creds, client, config).await
 }
 
+/// True to its name, this function encapsulates our current auth trade-offs.
+/// Here, we choose the appropriate auth flow based on circumstances.
+async fn auth_quirks(
+    api: &impl console::Api,
+    extra: &ConsoleReqExtra<'_>,
+    creds: &mut ClientCredentials<'_>,
+    client: &mut stream::PqStream<impl AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin>,
+    allow_cleartext: bool,
+    config: &'static AuthenticationConfig,
+) -> auth::Result<AuthSuccess<CachedNodeInfo>> {
+    let auth_stuff = auth_quirks_creds(api, extra, creds, client, allow_cleartext, config).await?;
+
+    let mut num_retries = 0;
+    let mut node = loop {
+        let wake_res = api.wake_compute(extra, creds).await;
+        match handle_try_wake(wake_res, num_retries) {
+            Err(e) => {
+                error!(error = ?e, num_retries, retriable = false, "couldn't wake compute node");
+                return Err(e.into());
+            }
+            Ok(ControlFlow::Continue(e)) => {
+                warn!(error = ?e, num_retries, retriable = true, "couldn't wake compute node");
+            }
+            Ok(ControlFlow::Break(n)) => break n,
+        }
+
+        let wait_duration = retry_after(num_retries);
+        num_retries += 1;
+        tokio::time::sleep(wait_duration).await;
+    };
+
+    match auth_stuff.value {
+        ComputeCredentials::Password(password) => node.config.password(password),
+        ComputeCredentials::AuthKeys(auth_keys) => node.config.auth_keys(auth_keys),
+    };
+
+    Ok(AuthSuccess {
+        reported_auth_ok: auth_stuff.reported_auth_ok,
+        value: node,
+    })
+}
+
 impl BackendType<'_, ClientCredentials<'_>> {
     /// Get compute endpoint name from the credentials.
     pub fn get_endpoint(&self) -> Option<String> {

proxy/src/auth/backend/classic.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
-use std::ops::ControlFlow;
-
-use super::AuthSuccess;
+use super::{AuthSuccess, ComputeCredentials};
 use crate::{
     auth::{self, AuthFlow, ClientCredentials},
     compute,
     config::AuthenticationConfig,
-    console::{self, AuthInfo, CachedNodeInfo, ConsoleReqExtra},
-    proxy::{handle_try_wake, retry_after},
+    console::{self, AuthInfo, ConsoleReqExtra},
     sasl, scram,
     stream::PqStream,
 };
 use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
-use tracing::{error, info, warn};
+use tracing::{info, warn};
 
 pub(super) async fn authenticate(
     api: &impl console::Api,
@@ -19,7 +16,7 @@ pub(super) async fn authenticate(
     creds: &ClientCredentials<'_>,
     client: &mut PqStream<impl AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin>,
     config: &'static AuthenticationConfig,
-) -> auth::Result<AuthSuccess<CachedNodeInfo>> {
+) -> auth::Result<AuthSuccess<ComputeCredentials>> {
     info!("fetching user's authentication info");
     let info = api.get_auth_info(extra, creds).await?.unwrap_or_else(|| {
         // If we don't have an authentication secret, we mock one to
@@ -66,38 +63,17 @@ pub(super) async fn authenticate(
                 }
             };
 
-            Some(compute::ScramKeys {
+            compute::ScramKeys {
                 client_key: client_key.as_bytes(),
                 server_key: secret.server_key.as_bytes(),
-            })
+            }
         }
     };
 
-    let mut num_retries = 0;
-    let mut node = loop {
-        let wake_res = api.wake_compute(extra, creds).await;
-        match handle_try_wake(wake_res, num_retries) {
-            Err(e) => {
-                error!(error = ?e, num_retries, retriable = false, "couldn't wake compute node");
-                return Err(e.into());
-            }
-            Ok(ControlFlow::Continue(e)) => {
-                warn!(error = ?e, num_retries, retriable = true, "couldn't wake compute node");
-            }
-            Ok(ControlFlow::Break(n)) => break n,
-        }
-
-        let wait_duration = retry_after(num_retries);
-        num_retries += 1;
-        tokio::time::sleep(wait_duration).await;
-    };
-    if let Some(keys) = scram_keys {
-        use tokio_postgres::config::AuthKeys;
-        node.config.auth_keys(AuthKeys::ScramSha256(keys));
-    }
-
     Ok(AuthSuccess {
         reported_auth_ok: false,
-        value: node,
+        value: ComputeCredentials::AuthKeys(tokio_postgres::config::AuthKeys::ScramSha256(
+            scram_keys,
+        )),
     })
 }

proxy/src/auth/backend/hacks.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
-use super::AuthSuccess;
+use super::{AuthSuccess, ComputeCredentials};
 use crate::{
     auth::{self, AuthFlow, ClientCredentials},
-    console::{
-        self,
-        provider::{CachedNodeInfo, ConsoleReqExtra},
-    },
     stream,
 };
 use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
@@ -15,11 +11,8 @@ use tracing::{info, warn};
 /// These properties are benefical for serverless JS workers, so we
 /// use this mechanism for websocket connections.
 pub async fn cleartext_hack(
-    api: &impl console::Api,
-    extra: &ConsoleReqExtra<'_>,
-    creds: &mut ClientCredentials<'_>,
     client: &mut stream::PqStream<impl AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin>,
-) -> auth::Result<AuthSuccess<CachedNodeInfo>> {
+) -> auth::Result<AuthSuccess<ComputeCredentials>> {
     warn!("cleartext auth flow override is enabled, proceeding");
     let password = AuthFlow::new(client)
         .begin(auth::CleartextPassword)
@@ -27,24 +20,19 @@ pub async fn cleartext_hack(
         .authenticate()
         .await?;
 
-    let mut node = api.wake_compute(extra, creds).await?;
-    node.config.password(password);
-
     // Report tentative success; compute node will check the password anyway.
     Ok(AuthSuccess {
         reported_auth_ok: false,
-        value: node,
+        value: ComputeCredentials::Password(password),
     })
 }
 
 /// Workaround for clients which don't provide an endpoint (project) name.
 /// Very similar to [`cleartext_hack`], but there's a specific password format.
 pub async fn password_hack(
-    api: &impl console::Api,
-    extra: &ConsoleReqExtra<'_>,
     creds: &mut ClientCredentials<'_>,
     client: &mut stream::PqStream<impl AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin>,
-) -> auth::Result<AuthSuccess<CachedNodeInfo>> {
+) -> auth::Result<AuthSuccess<ComputeCredentials>> {
     warn!("project not specified, resorting to the password hack auth flow");
     let payload = AuthFlow::new(client)
         .begin(auth::PasswordHack)
@@ -55,12 +43,9 @@ pub async fn password_hack(
     info!(project = &payload.endpoint, "received missing parameter");
     creds.project = Some(payload.endpoint);
 
-    let mut node = api.wake_compute(extra, creds).await?;
-    node.config.password(payload.password);
-
     // Report tentative success; compute node will check the password anyway.
     Ok(AuthSuccess {
         reported_auth_ok: false,
-        value: node,
+        value: ComputeCredentials::Password(payload.password),
     })
 }

proxy/src/bin/proxy.rs

@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ use proxy::config::AuthenticationConfig;
 use proxy::config::HttpConfig;
 use proxy::console;
 use proxy::http;
-use proxy::metrics;
+use proxy::usage_metrics;
 
 use anyhow::bail;
 use proxy::config::{self, ProxyConfig};
+use proxy::serverless;
 use std::pin::pin;
 use std::{borrow::Cow, net::SocketAddr};
 use tokio::net::TcpListener;
@@ -129,14 +130,16 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         cancellation_token.clone(),
     ));
 
-    if let Some(wss_address) = args.wss {
-        let wss_address: SocketAddr = wss_address.parse()?;
-        info!("Starting wss on {wss_address}");
-        let wss_listener = TcpListener::bind(wss_address).await?;
+    // TODO: rename the argument to something like serverless.
+    // It now covers more than just websockets, it also covers SQL over HTTP.
+    if let Some(serverless_address) = args.wss {
+        let serverless_address: SocketAddr = serverless_address.parse()?;
+        info!("Starting wss on {serverless_address}");
+        let serverless_listener = TcpListener::bind(serverless_address).await?;
 
-        client_tasks.spawn(http::websocket::task_main(
+        client_tasks.spawn(serverless::task_main(
             config,
-            wss_listener,
+            serverless_listener,
             cancellation_token.clone(),
         ));
     }
@@ -144,11 +147,11 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     // maintenance tasks. these never return unless there's an error
     let mut maintenance_tasks = JoinSet::new();
     maintenance_tasks.spawn(proxy::handle_signals(cancellation_token));
-    maintenance_tasks.spawn(http::server::task_main(http_listener));
+    maintenance_tasks.spawn(http::health_server::task_main(http_listener));
     maintenance_tasks.spawn(console::mgmt::task_main(mgmt_listener));
 
     if let Some(metrics_config) = &config.metric_collection {
-        maintenance_tasks.spawn(metrics::task_main(metrics_config));
+        maintenance_tasks.spawn(usage_metrics::task_main(metrics_config));
     }
 
     let maintenance = loop {

proxy/src/console/provider.rs

@@ -90,7 +90,11 @@ pub mod errors {
                     status: http::StatusCode::LOCKED,
                     ref text,
                 } => {
-                    !text.contains("written data quota exceeded")
+                    // written data quota exceeded
+                    // data transfer quota exceeded
+                    // compute time quota exceeded
+                    // logical size quota exceeded
+                    !text.contains("quota exceeded")
                         && !text.contains("the limit for current plan reached")
                 }
                 // retry server errors

proxy/src/http.rs

@@ -2,10 +2,7 @@
 //! Other modules should use stuff from this module instead of
 //! directly relying on deps like `reqwest` (think loose coupling).
 
-pub mod conn_pool;
-pub mod server;
-pub mod sql_over_http;
-pub mod websocket;
+pub mod health_server;
 
 use std::{sync::Arc, time::Duration};
 

proxy/src/lib.rs

@@ -14,14 +14,15 @@ pub mod console;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod http;
 pub mod logging;
-pub mod metrics;
 pub mod parse;
 pub mod protocol2;
 pub mod proxy;
 pub mod sasl;
 pub mod scram;
+pub mod serverless;
 pub mod stream;
 pub mod url;
+pub mod usage_metrics;
 pub mod waiters;
 
 /// Handle unix signals appropriately.

proxy/src/proxy.rs

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ use crate::{
     config::{AuthenticationConfig, ProxyConfig, TlsConfig},
     console::{self, errors::WakeComputeError, messages::MetricsAuxInfo, Api},
     http::StatusCode,
-    metrics::{Ids, USAGE_METRICS},
     protocol2::WithClientIp,
     stream::{PqStream, Stream},
+    usage_metrics::{Ids, USAGE_METRICS},
 };
 use anyhow::{bail, Context};
 use async_trait::async_trait;

proxy/src/serverless.rs

@@ -1,235 +1,36 @@
-use crate::{
-    cancellation::CancelMap,
-    config::ProxyConfig,
-    error::io_error,
-    protocol2::{ProxyProtocolAccept, WithClientIp},
-    proxy::{
-        handle_client, ClientMode, NUM_CLIENT_CONNECTION_CLOSED_COUNTER,
-        NUM_CLIENT_CONNECTION_OPENED_COUNTER,
-    },
-};
+//! Routers for our serverless APIs
+//!
+//! Handles both SQL over HTTP and SQL over Websockets.
+
+mod conn_pool;
+mod sql_over_http;
+mod websocket;
+
 use anyhow::bail;
-use bytes::{Buf, Bytes};
-use futures::{Sink, Stream, StreamExt};
+use hyper::StatusCode;
+pub use reqwest_middleware::{ClientWithMiddleware, Error};
+pub use reqwest_retry::{policies::ExponentialBackoff, RetryTransientMiddleware};
+
+use crate::protocol2::{ProxyProtocolAccept, WithClientIp};
+use crate::proxy::{NUM_CLIENT_CONNECTION_CLOSED_COUNTER, NUM_CLIENT_CONNECTION_OPENED_COUNTER};
+use crate::{cancellation::CancelMap, config::ProxyConfig};
+use futures::StreamExt;
 use hyper::{
     server::{
         accept,
         conn::{AddrIncoming, AddrStream},
     },
-    upgrade::Upgraded,
-    Body, Method, Request, Response, StatusCode,
+    Body, Method, Request, Response,
 };
-use hyper_tungstenite::{tungstenite::Message, HyperWebsocket, WebSocketStream};
-use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
 
-use std::{
-    future::ready,
-    pin::Pin,
-    sync::Arc,
-    task::{ready, Context, Poll},
-};
+use std::task::Poll;
+use std::{future::ready, sync::Arc};
 use tls_listener::TlsListener;
-use tokio::{
-    io::{self, AsyncBufRead, AsyncRead, AsyncWrite, ReadBuf},
-    net::TcpListener,
-};
+use tokio::net::TcpListener;
 use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
 use tracing::{error, info, info_span, warn, Instrument};
 use utils::http::{error::ApiError, json::json_response};
 
-// TODO: use `std::sync::Exclusive` once it's stabilized.
-// Tracking issue: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/98407.
-use sync_wrapper::SyncWrapper;
-
-use super::{conn_pool::GlobalConnPool, sql_over_http};
-
-pin_project! {
-    /// This is a wrapper around a [`WebSocketStream`] that
-    /// implements [`AsyncRead`] and [`AsyncWrite`].
-    pub struct WebSocketRw {
-        #[pin]
-        stream: SyncWrapper<WebSocketStream<Upgraded>>,
-        bytes: Bytes,
-    }
-}
-
-impl WebSocketRw {
-    pub fn new(stream: WebSocketStream<Upgraded>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            stream: stream.into(),
-            bytes: Bytes::new(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl AsyncWrite for WebSocketRw {
-    fn poll_write(
-        self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
-        buf: &[u8],
-    ) -> Poll<io::Result<usize>> {
-        let mut stream = self.project().stream.get_pin_mut();
-
-        ready!(stream.as_mut().poll_ready(cx).map_err(io_error))?;
-        match stream.as_mut().start_send(Message::Binary(buf.into())) {
-            Ok(()) => Poll::Ready(Ok(buf.len())),
-            Err(e) => Poll::Ready(Err(io_error(e))),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn poll_flush(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
-        let stream = self.project().stream.get_pin_mut();
-        stream.poll_flush(cx).map_err(io_error)
-    }
-
-    fn poll_shutdown(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
-        let stream = self.project().stream.get_pin_mut();
-        stream.poll_close(cx).map_err(io_error)
-    }
-}
-
-impl AsyncRead for WebSocketRw {
-    fn poll_read(
-        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
-        buf: &mut ReadBuf<'_>,
-    ) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
-        if buf.remaining() > 0 {
-            let bytes = ready!(self.as_mut().poll_fill_buf(cx))?;
-            let len = std::cmp::min(bytes.len(), buf.remaining());
-            buf.put_slice(&bytes[..len]);
-            self.consume(len);
-        }
-
-        Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
-    }
-}
-
-impl AsyncBufRead for WebSocketRw {
-    fn poll_fill_buf(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<&[u8]>> {
-        // Please refer to poll_fill_buf's documentation.
-        const EOF: Poll<io::Result<&[u8]>> = Poll::Ready(Ok(&[]));
-
-        let mut this = self.project();
-        loop {
-            if !this.bytes.chunk().is_empty() {
-                let chunk = (*this.bytes).chunk();
-                return Poll::Ready(Ok(chunk));
-            }
-
-            let res = ready!(this.stream.as_mut().get_pin_mut().poll_next(cx));
-            match res.transpose().map_err(io_error)? {
-                Some(message) => match message {
-                    Message::Ping(_) => {}
-                    Message::Pong(_) => {}
-                    Message::Text(text) => {
-                        // We expect to see only binary messages.
-                        let error = "unexpected text message in the websocket";
-                        warn!(length = text.len(), error);
-                        return Poll::Ready(Err(io_error(error)));
-                    }
-                    Message::Frame(_) => {
-                        // This case is impossible according to Frame's doc.
-                        panic!("unexpected raw frame in the websocket");
-                    }
-                    Message::Binary(chunk) => {
-                        assert!(this.bytes.is_empty());
-                        *this.bytes = Bytes::from(chunk);
-                    }
-                    Message::Close(_) => return EOF,
-                },
-                None => return EOF,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn consume(self: Pin<&mut Self>, amount: usize) {
-        self.project().bytes.advance(amount);
-    }
-}
-
-async fn serve_websocket(
-    websocket: HyperWebsocket,
-    config: &'static ProxyConfig,
-    cancel_map: &CancelMap,
-    session_id: uuid::Uuid,
-    hostname: Option<String>,
-) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let websocket = websocket.await?;
-    handle_client(
-        config,
-        cancel_map,
-        session_id,
-        WebSocketRw::new(websocket),
-        ClientMode::Websockets { hostname },
-    )
-    .await?;
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-async fn ws_handler(
-    mut request: Request<Body>,
-    config: &'static ProxyConfig,
-    conn_pool: Arc<GlobalConnPool>,
-    cancel_map: Arc<CancelMap>,
-    session_id: uuid::Uuid,
-    sni_hostname: Option<String>,
-) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
-    let host = request
-        .headers()
-        .get("host")
-        .and_then(|h| h.to_str().ok())
-        .and_then(|h| h.split(':').next())
-        .map(|s| s.to_string());
-
-    // Check if the request is a websocket upgrade request.
-    if hyper_tungstenite::is_upgrade_request(&request) {
-        info!(session_id = ?session_id, "performing websocket upgrade");
-
-        let (response, websocket) = hyper_tungstenite::upgrade(&mut request, None)
-            .map_err(|e| ApiError::BadRequest(e.into()))?;
-
-        tokio::spawn(
-            async move {
-                if let Err(e) =
-                    serve_websocket(websocket, config, &cancel_map, session_id, host).await
-                {
-                    error!(session_id = ?session_id, "error in websocket connection: {e:#}");
-                }
-            }
-            .in_current_span(),
-        );
-
-        // Return the response so the spawned future can continue.
-        Ok(response)
-    // TODO: that deserves a refactor as now this function also handles http json client besides websockets.
-    // Right now I don't want to blow up sql-over-http patch with file renames and do that as a follow up instead.
-    } else if request.uri().path() == "/sql" && request.method() == Method::POST {
-        sql_over_http::handle(
-            request,
-            sni_hostname,
-            conn_pool,
-            session_id,
-            &config.http_config,
-        )
-        .await
-    } else if request.uri().path() == "/sql" && request.method() == Method::OPTIONS {
-        Response::builder()
-            .header("Allow", "OPTIONS, POST")
-            .header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
-            .header(
-                "Access-Control-Allow-Headers",
-                "Neon-Connection-String, Neon-Raw-Text-Output, Neon-Array-Mode, Neon-Pool-Opt-In",
-            )
-            .header("Access-Control-Max-Age", "86400" /* 24 hours */)
-            .status(StatusCode::OK) // 204 is also valid, but see: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/OPTIONS#status_code
-            .body(Body::empty())
-            .map_err(|e| ApiError::InternalServerError(e.into()))
-    } else {
-        json_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "query is not supported")
-    }
-}
-
 pub async fn task_main(
     config: &'static ProxyConfig,
     ws_listener: TcpListener,
@@ -239,7 +40,7 @@ pub async fn task_main(
         info!("websocket server has shut down");
     }
 
-    let conn_pool: Arc<GlobalConnPool> = GlobalConnPool::new(config);
+    let conn_pool = conn_pool::GlobalConnPool::new(config);
 
     // shutdown the connection pool
     tokio::spawn({
@@ -300,13 +101,15 @@ pub async fn task_main(
                             let cancel_map = Arc::new(CancelMap::default());
                             let session_id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4();
 
-                            ws_handler(req, config, conn_pool, cancel_map, session_id, sni_name)
-                                .instrument(info_span!(
-                                    "ws-client",
-                                    session = %session_id,
-                                    %peer_addr,
-                                ))
-                                .await
+                            request_handler(
+                                req, config, conn_pool, cancel_map, session_id, sni_name,
+                            )
+                            .instrument(info_span!(
+                                "serverless",
+                                session = %session_id,
+                                %peer_addr,
+                            ))
+                            .await
                         }
                     },
                 )))
@@ -359,3 +162,65 @@ where
         self.inner.call(req)
     }
 }
+
+async fn request_handler(
+    mut request: Request<Body>,
+    config: &'static ProxyConfig,
+    conn_pool: Arc<conn_pool::GlobalConnPool>,
+    cancel_map: Arc<CancelMap>,
+    session_id: uuid::Uuid,
+    sni_hostname: Option<String>,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+    let host = request
+        .headers()
+        .get("host")
+        .and_then(|h| h.to_str().ok())
+        .and_then(|h| h.split(':').next())
+        .map(|s| s.to_string());
+
+    // Check if the request is a websocket upgrade request.
+    if hyper_tungstenite::is_upgrade_request(&request) {
+        info!(session_id = ?session_id, "performing websocket upgrade");
+
+        let (response, websocket) = hyper_tungstenite::upgrade(&mut request, None)
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::BadRequest(e.into()))?;
+
+        tokio::spawn(
+            async move {
+                if let Err(e) =
+                    websocket::serve_websocket(websocket, config, &cancel_map, session_id, host)
+                        .await
+                {
+                    error!(session_id = ?session_id, "error in websocket connection: {e:#}");
+                }
+            }
+            .in_current_span(),
+        );
+
+        // Return the response so the spawned future can continue.
+        Ok(response)
+    } else if request.uri().path() == "/sql" && request.method() == Method::POST {
+        sql_over_http::handle(
+            request,
+            sni_hostname,
+            conn_pool,
+            session_id,
+            &config.http_config,
+        )
+        .await
+    } else if request.uri().path() == "/sql" && request.method() == Method::OPTIONS {
+        Response::builder()
+            .header("Allow", "OPTIONS, POST")
+            .header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
+            .header(
+                "Access-Control-Allow-Headers",
+                "Neon-Connection-String, Neon-Raw-Text-Output, Neon-Array-Mode, Neon-Pool-Opt-In",
+            )
+            .header("Access-Control-Max-Age", "86400" /* 24 hours */)
+            .status(StatusCode::OK) // 204 is also valid, but see: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/OPTIONS#status_code
+            .body(Body::empty())
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::InternalServerError(e.into()))
+    } else {
+        json_response(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "query is not supported")
+    }
+}

proxy/src/serverless/conn_pool.rs

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ use tokio_postgres::{AsyncMessage, ReadyForQueryStatus};
 
 use crate::{
     auth, console,
-    metrics::{Ids, MetricCounter, USAGE_METRICS},
     proxy::{LatencyTimer, NUM_DB_CONNECTIONS_CLOSED_COUNTER, NUM_DB_CONNECTIONS_OPENED_COUNTER},
+    usage_metrics::{Ids, MetricCounter, USAGE_METRICS},
 };
 use crate::{compute, config};
 
@@ -191,22 +191,39 @@ impl GlobalConnPool {
         // ok return cached connection if found and establish a new one otherwise
         let new_client = if let Some(client) = client {
             if client.inner.is_closed() {
-                info!("pool: cached connection '{conn_info}' is closed, opening a new one");
-                connect_to_compute(self.proxy_config, conn_info, session_id, latency_timer).await
+                let conn_id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4();
+                info!(%conn_id, "pool: cached connection '{conn_info}' is closed, opening a new one");
+                connect_to_compute(
+                    self.proxy_config,
+                    conn_info,
+                    conn_id,
+                    session_id,
+                    latency_timer,
+                )
+                .await
             } else {
                 info!("pool: reusing connection '{conn_info}'");
                 client.session.send(session_id)?;
                 latency_timer.pool_hit();
                 latency_timer.success();
                 return Ok(Client {
+                    conn_id: client.conn_id,
                     inner: Some(client),
                     span: Span::current(),
                     pool,
                 });
             }
         } else {
-            info!("pool: opening a new connection '{conn_info}'");
-            connect_to_compute(self.proxy_config, conn_info, session_id, latency_timer).await
+            let conn_id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4();
+            info!(%conn_id, "pool: opening a new connection '{conn_info}'");
+            connect_to_compute(
+                self.proxy_config,
+                conn_info,
+                conn_id,
+                session_id,
+                latency_timer,
+            )
+            .await
         };
 
         match &new_client {
@@ -243,6 +260,7 @@ impl GlobalConnPool {
         }
 
         new_client.map(|inner| Client {
+            conn_id: inner.conn_id,
             inner: Some(inner),
             span: Span::current(),
             pool,
@@ -250,16 +268,18 @@ impl GlobalConnPool {
     }
 
     fn put(&self, conn_info: &ConnInfo, client: ClientInner) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let conn_id = client.conn_id;
+
         // We want to hold this open while we return. This ensures that the pool can't close
         // while we are in the middle of returning the connection.
         let closed = self.closed.read();
         if *closed {
-            info!("pool: throwing away connection '{conn_info}' because pool is closed");
+            info!(%conn_id, "pool: throwing away connection '{conn_info}' because pool is closed");
             return Ok(());
         }
 
         if client.inner.is_closed() {
-            info!("pool: throwing away connection '{conn_info}' because connection is closed");
+            info!(%conn_id, "pool: throwing away connection '{conn_info}' because connection is closed");
             return Ok(());
         }
 
@@ -291,9 +311,9 @@ impl GlobalConnPool {
 
         // do logging outside of the mutex
         if returned {
-            info!("pool: returning connection '{conn_info}' back to the pool, total_conns={total_conns}, for this (db, user)={per_db_size}");
+            info!(%conn_id, "pool: returning connection '{conn_info}' back to the pool, total_conns={total_conns}, for this (db, user)={per_db_size}");
         } else {
-            info!("pool: throwing away connection '{conn_info}' because pool is full, total_conns={total_conns}");
+            info!(%conn_id, "pool: throwing away connection '{conn_info}' because pool is full, total_conns={total_conns}");
         }
 
         Ok(())
@@ -340,6 +360,7 @@ impl GlobalConnPool {
 struct TokioMechanism<'a> {
     conn_info: &'a ConnInfo,
     session_id: uuid::Uuid,
+    conn_id: uuid::Uuid,
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
@@ -353,7 +374,14 @@ impl ConnectMechanism for TokioMechanism<'_> {
         node_info: &console::CachedNodeInfo,
         timeout: time::Duration,
     ) -> Result<Self::Connection, Self::ConnectError> {
-        connect_to_compute_once(node_info, self.conn_info, timeout, self.session_id).await
+        connect_to_compute_once(
+            node_info,
+            self.conn_info,
+            timeout,
+            self.conn_id,
+            self.session_id,
+        )
+        .await
     }
 
     fn update_connect_config(&self, _config: &mut compute::ConnCfg) {}
@@ -366,6 +394,7 @@ impl ConnectMechanism for TokioMechanism<'_> {
 async fn connect_to_compute(
     config: &config::ProxyConfig,
     conn_info: &ConnInfo,
+    conn_id: uuid::Uuid,
     session_id: uuid::Uuid,
     latency_timer: LatencyTimer,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<ClientInner> {
@@ -401,6 +430,7 @@ async fn connect_to_compute(
 
     crate::proxy::connect_to_compute(
         &TokioMechanism {
+            conn_id,
             conn_info,
             session_id,
         },
@@ -416,6 +446,7 @@ async fn connect_to_compute_once(
     node_info: &console::CachedNodeInfo,
     conn_info: &ConnInfo,
     timeout: time::Duration,
+    conn_id: uuid::Uuid,
     mut session: uuid::Uuid,
 ) -> Result<ClientInner, tokio_postgres::Error> {
     let mut config = (*node_info.config).clone();
@@ -430,7 +461,6 @@ async fn connect_to_compute_once(
 
     let (tx, mut rx) = tokio::sync::watch::channel(session);
 
-    let conn_id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4();
     let span = info_span!(parent: None, "connection", %conn_id);
     span.in_scope(|| {
         info!(%conn_info, %session, "new connection");
@@ -484,6 +514,7 @@ async fn connect_to_compute_once(
         inner: client,
         session: tx,
         ids,
+        conn_id,
     })
 }
 
@@ -491,6 +522,7 @@ struct ClientInner {
     inner: tokio_postgres::Client,
     session: tokio::sync::watch::Sender<uuid::Uuid>,
     ids: Ids,
+    conn_id: uuid::Uuid,
 }
 
 impl Client {
@@ -500,12 +532,14 @@ impl Client {
 }
 
 pub struct Client {
+    conn_id: uuid::Uuid,
     span: Span,
     inner: Option<ClientInner>,
     pool: Option<(ConnInfo, Arc<GlobalConnPool>)>,
 }
 
 pub struct Discard<'a> {
+    conn_id: uuid::Uuid,
     pool: &'a mut Option<(ConnInfo, Arc<GlobalConnPool>)>,
 }
 
@@ -514,6 +548,7 @@ impl Client {
         let Self {
             inner,
             pool,
+            conn_id,
             span: _,
         } = self;
         (
@@ -521,7 +556,10 @@ impl Client {
                 .as_mut()
                 .expect("client inner should not be removed")
                 .inner,
-            Discard { pool },
+            Discard {
+                pool,
+                conn_id: *conn_id,
+            },
         )
     }
 
@@ -537,13 +575,13 @@ impl Discard<'_> {
     pub fn check_idle(&mut self, status: ReadyForQueryStatus) {
         if status != ReadyForQueryStatus::Idle {
             if let Some((conn_info, _)) = self.pool.take() {
-                info!("pool: throwing away connection '{conn_info}' because connection is not idle")
+                info!(conn_id = %self.conn_id, "pool: throwing away connection '{conn_info}' because connection is not idle")
             }
         }
     }
     pub fn discard(&mut self) {
         if let Some((conn_info, _)) = self.pool.take() {
-            info!("pool: throwing away connection '{conn_info}' because connection is potentially in a broken state")
+            info!(conn_id = %self.conn_id, "pool: throwing away connection '{conn_info}' because connection is potentially in a broken state")
         }
     }
 }

proxy/src/serverless/websocket.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+use crate::{
+    cancellation::CancelMap,
+    config::ProxyConfig,
+    error::io_error,
+    proxy::{handle_client, ClientMode},
+};
+use bytes::{Buf, Bytes};
+use futures::{Sink, Stream};
+use hyper::upgrade::Upgraded;
+use hyper_tungstenite::{tungstenite::Message, HyperWebsocket, WebSocketStream};
+use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
+
+use std::{
+    pin::Pin,
+    task::{ready, Context, Poll},
+};
+use tokio::io::{self, AsyncBufRead, AsyncRead, AsyncWrite, ReadBuf};
+use tracing::warn;
+
+// TODO: use `std::sync::Exclusive` once it's stabilized.
+// Tracking issue: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/98407.
+use sync_wrapper::SyncWrapper;
+
+pin_project! {
+    /// This is a wrapper around a [`WebSocketStream`] that
+    /// implements [`AsyncRead`] and [`AsyncWrite`].
+    pub struct WebSocketRw {
+        #[pin]
+        stream: SyncWrapper<WebSocketStream<Upgraded>>,
+        bytes: Bytes,
+    }
+}
+
+impl WebSocketRw {
+    pub fn new(stream: WebSocketStream<Upgraded>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            stream: stream.into(),
+            bytes: Bytes::new(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsyncWrite for WebSocketRw {
+    fn poll_write(
+        self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
+        buf: &[u8],
+    ) -> Poll<io::Result<usize>> {
+        let mut stream = self.project().stream.get_pin_mut();
+
+        ready!(stream.as_mut().poll_ready(cx).map_err(io_error))?;
+        match stream.as_mut().start_send(Message::Binary(buf.into())) {
+            Ok(()) => Poll::Ready(Ok(buf.len())),
+            Err(e) => Poll::Ready(Err(io_error(e))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn poll_flush(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
+        let stream = self.project().stream.get_pin_mut();
+        stream.poll_flush(cx).map_err(io_error)
+    }
+
+    fn poll_shutdown(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
+        let stream = self.project().stream.get_pin_mut();
+        stream.poll_close(cx).map_err(io_error)
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsyncRead for WebSocketRw {
+    fn poll_read(
+        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
+        buf: &mut ReadBuf<'_>,
+    ) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
+        if buf.remaining() > 0 {
+            let bytes = ready!(self.as_mut().poll_fill_buf(cx))?;
+            let len = std::cmp::min(bytes.len(), buf.remaining());
+            buf.put_slice(&bytes[..len]);
+            self.consume(len);
+        }
+
+        Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsyncBufRead for WebSocketRw {
+    fn poll_fill_buf(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<&[u8]>> {
+        // Please refer to poll_fill_buf's documentation.
+        const EOF: Poll<io::Result<&[u8]>> = Poll::Ready(Ok(&[]));
+
+        let mut this = self.project();
+        loop {
+            if !this.bytes.chunk().is_empty() {
+                let chunk = (*this.bytes).chunk();
+                return Poll::Ready(Ok(chunk));
+            }
+
+            let res = ready!(this.stream.as_mut().get_pin_mut().poll_next(cx));
+            match res.transpose().map_err(io_error)? {
+                Some(message) => match message {
+                    Message::Ping(_) => {}
+                    Message::Pong(_) => {}
+                    Message::Text(text) => {
+                        // We expect to see only binary messages.
+                        let error = "unexpected text message in the websocket";
+                        warn!(length = text.len(), error);
+                        return Poll::Ready(Err(io_error(error)));
+                    }
+                    Message::Frame(_) => {
+                        // This case is impossible according to Frame's doc.
+                        panic!("unexpected raw frame in the websocket");
+                    }
+                    Message::Binary(chunk) => {
+                        assert!(this.bytes.is_empty());
+                        *this.bytes = Bytes::from(chunk);
+                    }
+                    Message::Close(_) => return EOF,
+                },
+                None => return EOF,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn consume(self: Pin<&mut Self>, amount: usize) {
+        self.project().bytes.advance(amount);
+    }
+}
+
+pub async fn serve_websocket(
+    websocket: HyperWebsocket,
+    config: &'static ProxyConfig,
+    cancel_map: &CancelMap,
+    session_id: uuid::Uuid,
+    hostname: Option<String>,
+) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let websocket = websocket.await?;
+    handle_client(
+        config,
+        cancel_map,
+        session_id,
+        WebSocketRw::new(websocket),
+        ClientMode::Websockets { hostname },
+    )
+    .await?;
+    Ok(())
+}

pyproject.toml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ backoff = "^2.2.1"
 pytest-lazy-fixture = "^0.6.3"
 prometheus-client = "^0.14.1"
 pytest-timeout = "^2.1.0"
-Werkzeug = "^2.2.3"
+Werkzeug = "^3.0.1"
 pytest-order = "^1.1.0"
 allure-pytest = "^2.13.2"
 pytest-asyncio = "^0.21.0"

scripts/benchmark_durations.py

@@ -15,28 +15,15 @@ The script fetches the durations of benchmarks from the database and stores it i
 
 BENCHMARKS_DURATION_QUERY = """
     SELECT
-        DISTINCT parent_suite, suite, test,
-        PERCENTILE_DISC(%s) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY duration_ms) as percentile_ms
-    FROM
-        (
-            SELECT
-                jsonb_array_elements(data -> 'children') ->> 'name' as parent_suite,
-                jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(data -> 'children') -> 'children') ->> 'name' as suite,
-                jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(data -> 'children') -> 'children') -> 'children') ->> 'name' as test,
-                jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(data -> 'children') -> 'children') -> 'children') ->> 'status' as status,
-                to_timestamp((jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(data -> 'children') -> 'children') -> 'children') -> 'time' -> 'start')::bigint / 1000)::date as timestamp,
-                (jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(data -> 'children') -> 'children') -> 'children') -> 'time' -> 'duration')::int as duration_ms
-            FROM
-                regress_test_results
-            WHERE
-                reference = 'refs/heads/main'
-        ) data
+        DISTINCT parent_suite, suite, name,
+        PERCENTILE_DISC(%s) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY duration) as percentile_ms
+    FROM results
     WHERE
-        timestamp > CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '%s' day
+        started_at > CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '%s' day
         AND parent_suite = 'test_runner.performance'
         AND status = 'passed'
     GROUP BY
-        parent_suite, suite, test
+        parent_suite, suite, name
     ;
 """
 
@@ -44,68 +31,69 @@ BENCHMARKS_DURATION_QUERY = """
 # the total duration varies from 8 to 40 minutes.
 # We use some pre-collected durations as a fallback to have a better distribution.
 FALLBACK_DURATION = {
-    "test_runner/performance/test_branch_creation.py::test_branch_creation_heavy_write[20]": 57.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_branch_creation.py::test_branch_creation_many_relations": 28.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_branch_creation.py::test_branch_creation_many[1024]": 71.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_branching.py::test_compare_child_and_root_pgbench_perf": 27.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_branching.py::test_compare_child_and_root_read_perf": 11.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_branching.py::test_compare_child_and_root_write_perf": 30.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_insert.py::test_bulk_insert[neon]": 40.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_insert.py::test_bulk_insert[vanilla]": 5.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_tenant_create.py::test_bulk_tenant_create[1]": 3.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_tenant_create.py::test_bulk_tenant_create[5]": 10.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_tenant_create.py::test_bulk_tenant_create[10]": 19.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_update.py::test_bulk_update[10]": 66.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_update.py::test_bulk_update[50]": 30.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_update.py::test_bulk_update[100]": 60.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_compaction.py::test_compaction": 77.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_ro_with_pgbench_select_only[neon-5-10-100]": 11.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_ro_with_pgbench_select_only[vanilla-5-10-100]": 16.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_rw_with_pgbench_default[neon-5-10-100]": 11.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_rw_with_pgbench_default[vanilla-5-10-100]": 18.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wal_with_pgbench_default[neon-5-10-100]": 11.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wal_with_pgbench_default[vanilla-5-10-100]": 16.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wo_with_heavy_write[neon-10-1]": 11.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wo_with_heavy_write[neon-10-10]": 11.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wo_with_heavy_write[vanilla-10-1]": 10.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wo_with_heavy_write[vanilla-10-10]": 10.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wo_with_pgbench_simple_update[neon-5-10-100]": 11.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wo_with_pgbench_simple_update[vanilla-5-10-100]": 16.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_copy.py::test_copy[neon]": 12.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_copy.py::test_copy[vanilla]": 10.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_gc_feedback.py::test_gc_feedback": 284.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_gist_build.py::test_gist_buffering_build[neon]": 11.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_gist_build.py::test_gist_buffering_build[vanilla]": 7.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_latency.py::test_measure_read_latency_heavy_write_workload[neon-1]": 85.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_latency.py::test_measure_read_latency_heavy_write_workload[vanilla-1]": 29.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_layer_map.py::test_layer_map": 44.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_parallel_copy_to.py::test_parallel_copy_different_tables[neon]": 16.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_parallel_copy_to.py::test_parallel_copy_different_tables[vanilla]": 67.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_parallel_copy_to.py::test_parallel_copy_same_table[neon]": 67.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_parallel_copy_to.py::test_parallel_copy_same_table[vanilla]": 80.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_perf_pgbench.py::test_pgbench[neon-45-10]": 102.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_perf_pgbench.py::test_pgbench[vanilla-45-10]": 99.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_random_writes.py::test_random_writes[neon]": 9.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_random_writes.py::test_random_writes[vanilla]": 2.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_seqscans.py::test_seqscans[neon-100000-100-0]": 4.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_seqscans.py::test_seqscans[neon-10000000-1-0]": 80.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_seqscans.py::test_seqscans[neon-10000000-1-4]": 68.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_seqscans.py::test_seqscans[vanilla-100000-100-0]": 0.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_seqscans.py::test_seqscans[vanilla-10000000-1-0]": 11.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_seqscans.py::test_seqscans[vanilla-10000000-1-4]": 10.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_startup.py::test_startup_simple": 2.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_startup.py::test_startup": 539.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_heavy_write_workload[neon_off-10-5-5]": 375.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_heavy_write_workload[neon_on-10-5-5]": 370.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_heavy_write_workload[vanilla-10-5-5]": 94.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_pgbench_intensive_init_workload[neon_off-1000]": 164.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_pgbench_intensive_init_workload[neon_on-1000]": 274.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_pgbench_intensive_init_workload[vanilla-1000]": 949.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_pgbench_simple_update_workload[neon_off-45-100]": 142.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_pgbench_simple_update_workload[neon_on-45-100]": 151.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_pgbench_simple_update_workload[vanilla-45-100]": 182.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_write_amplification.py::test_write_amplification[neon]": 13.0,
-    "test_runner/performance/test_write_amplification.py::test_write_amplification[vanilla]": 16.0,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_branch_creation.py::test_branch_creation_heavy_write[20]": 62.144,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_branch_creation.py::test_branch_creation_many[1024]": 90.941,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_branch_creation.py::test_branch_creation_many_relations": 26.053,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_branching.py::test_compare_child_and_root_pgbench_perf": 25.67,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_branching.py::test_compare_child_and_root_read_perf": 14.497,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_branching.py::test_compare_child_and_root_write_perf": 18.852,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_insert.py::test_bulk_insert[neon]": 26.572,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_insert.py::test_bulk_insert[vanilla]": 6.259,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_tenant_create.py::test_bulk_tenant_create[10]": 21.206,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_tenant_create.py::test_bulk_tenant_create[1]": 3.474,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_tenant_create.py::test_bulk_tenant_create[5]": 11.262,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_update.py::test_bulk_update[100]": 94.225,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_update.py::test_bulk_update[10]": 68.159,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_bulk_update.py::test_bulk_update[50]": 76.719,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_compaction.py::test_compaction": 110.222,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_ro_with_pgbench_select_only[neon-5-10-100]": 10.743,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_ro_with_pgbench_select_only[vanilla-5-10-100]": 16.541,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_rw_with_pgbench_default[neon-5-10-100]": 11.109,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_rw_with_pgbench_default[vanilla-5-10-100]": 18.121,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wal_with_pgbench_default[neon-5-10-100]": 11.3,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wal_with_pgbench_default[vanilla-5-10-100]": 16.086,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wo_with_heavy_write[neon-10-10]": 12.024,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wo_with_heavy_write[neon-10-1]": 11.14,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wo_with_heavy_write[vanilla-10-10]": 10.375,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wo_with_heavy_write[vanilla-10-1]": 10.075,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wo_with_pgbench_simple_update[neon-5-10-100]": 11.147,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_compare_pg_stats.py::test_compare_pg_stats_wo_with_pgbench_simple_update[vanilla-5-10-100]": 16.321,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_copy.py::test_copy[neon]": 16.579,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_copy.py::test_copy[vanilla]": 10.094,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_gc_feedback.py::test_gc_feedback": 590.157,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_gist_build.py::test_gist_buffering_build[neon]": 14.102,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_gist_build.py::test_gist_buffering_build[vanilla]": 8.677,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_latency.py::test_measure_read_latency_heavy_write_workload[neon-1]": 31.079,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_latency.py::test_measure_read_latency_heavy_write_workload[vanilla-1]": 38.119,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_layer_map.py::test_layer_map": 24.784,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_logical_replication.py::test_logical_replication": 117.707,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_parallel_copy_to.py::test_parallel_copy_different_tables[neon]": 21.194,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_parallel_copy_to.py::test_parallel_copy_different_tables[vanilla]": 59.068,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_parallel_copy_to.py::test_parallel_copy_same_table[neon]": 73.235,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_parallel_copy_to.py::test_parallel_copy_same_table[vanilla]": 82.586,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_perf_pgbench.py::test_pgbench[neon-45-10]": 106.536,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_perf_pgbench.py::test_pgbench[vanilla-45-10]": 98.753,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_random_writes.py::test_random_writes[neon]": 6.975,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_random_writes.py::test_random_writes[vanilla]": 3.69,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_seqscans.py::test_seqscans[neon-100000-100-0]": 3.529,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_seqscans.py::test_seqscans[neon-10000000-1-0]": 64.522,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_seqscans.py::test_seqscans[neon-10000000-1-4]": 40.964,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_seqscans.py::test_seqscans[vanilla-100000-100-0]": 0.55,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_seqscans.py::test_seqscans[vanilla-10000000-1-0]": 12.189,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_seqscans.py::test_seqscans[vanilla-10000000-1-4]": 13.899,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_startup.py::test_startup": 890.114,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_startup.py::test_startup_simple": 2.51,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_heavy_write_workload[neon_off-10-5-5]": 527.245,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_heavy_write_workload[neon_on-10-5-5]": 583.46,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_heavy_write_workload[vanilla-10-5-5]": 113.653,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_pgbench_intensive_init_workload[neon_off-1000]": 233.728,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_pgbench_intensive_init_workload[neon_on-1000]": 419.093,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_pgbench_intensive_init_workload[vanilla-1000]": 982.461,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_pgbench_simple_update_workload[neon_off-45-100]": 116.522,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_pgbench_simple_update_workload[neon_on-45-100]": 115.583,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_wal_backpressure.py::test_pgbench_simple_update_workload[vanilla-45-100]": 155.282,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_write_amplification.py::test_write_amplification[neon]": 26.704,
+    "test_runner/performance/test_write_amplification.py::test_write_amplification[vanilla]": 16.088,
 }
 
 
@@ -130,7 +118,7 @@ def main(args: argparse.Namespace):
         res = FALLBACK_DURATION
 
     for row in rows:
-        pytest_name = f"{row['parent_suite'].replace('.', '/')}/{row['suite']}.py::{row['test']}"
+        pytest_name = f"{row['parent_suite'].replace('.', '/')}/{row['suite']}.py::{row['name']}"
         duration = row["percentile_ms"] / 1000
         logging.info(f"\t{pytest_name}: {duration}")
         res[pytest_name] = duration

scripts/flaky_tests.py

@@ -9,28 +9,15 @@ from typing import DefaultDict, Dict
 import psycopg2
 import psycopg2.extras
 
-# We call the test "flaky" if it failed at least once on the main branch in the last N=10 days.
 FLAKY_TESTS_QUERY = """
     SELECT
-        DISTINCT parent_suite, suite, REGEXP_REPLACE(test, '(release|debug)-pg(\\d+)-?', '') as deparametrized_test
-    FROM
-        (
-            SELECT
-                reference,
-                jsonb_array_elements(data -> 'children') ->> 'name' as parent_suite,
-                jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(data -> 'children') -> 'children') ->> 'name' as suite,
-                jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(data -> 'children') -> 'children') -> 'children') ->> 'name' as test,
-                jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(data -> 'children') -> 'children') -> 'children') ->> 'status' as status,
-                jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(data -> 'children') -> 'children') -> 'children') ->> 'retriesStatusChange' as retries_status_change,
-                to_timestamp((jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(jsonb_array_elements(data -> 'children') -> 'children') -> 'children') -> 'time' ->> 'start')::bigint / 1000)::date as timestamp
-            FROM
-                regress_test_results
-        ) data
+        DISTINCT parent_suite, suite, name
+    FROM results
     WHERE
-        timestamp > CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '%s' day
+        started_at > CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '%s' day
         AND (
             (status IN ('failed', 'broken') AND reference = 'refs/heads/main')
-            OR retries_status_change::boolean
+            OR flaky
         )
     ;
 """
@@ -63,12 +50,14 @@ def main(args: argparse.Namespace):
         if row["parent_suite"] != "test_runner.regress":
             continue
 
-        deparametrized_test = row["deparametrized_test"]
-        dash_if_needed = "" if deparametrized_test.endswith("[]") else "-"
-        parametrized_test = deparametrized_test.replace(
-            "[",
-            f"[{build_type}-pg{pg_version}{dash_if_needed}",
-        )
+        if row["name"].endswith("]"):
+            parametrized_test = row["name"].replace(
+                "[",
+                f"[{build_type}-pg{pg_version}-",
+            )
+        else:
+            parametrized_test = f"{row['name']}[{build_type}-pg{pg_version}]"
+
         res[row["parent_suite"]][row["suite"]][parametrized_test] = True
 
         logging.info(

storage_broker/src/lib.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 use std::time::Duration;
 use tonic::codegen::StdError;
 use tonic::transport::{ClientTlsConfig, Endpoint};
-use tonic::{transport::Channel, Code, Status};
+use tonic::{transport::Channel, Status};
 use utils::id::{TenantId, TenantTimelineId, TimelineId};
 
 use proto::{
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ pub mod proto {
 pub mod metrics;
 
 // Re-exports to avoid direct tonic dependency in user crates.
+pub use tonic::Code;
 pub use tonic::Request;
 pub use tonic::Streaming;
 

test_runner/duplicate_tenant.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Usage from top of repo:
+#  poetry run python3 test_runner/duplicate_tenant.py b97965931096047b2d54958756baee7b 10
+from queue import Queue
+import sys
+import threading
+
+import requests
+from fixtures.pageserver.http import PageserverHttpClient
+from fixtures.types import TenantId
+
+initial_tenant = sys.argv[1]
+ncopies = int(sys.argv[2])
+numthreads = int(sys.argv[3])
+
+
+# class DuckTypedNeonEnv:
+#     pass
+
+
+# cli = NeonCli(DuckTypedNeonEnv())
+
+q = Queue()
+for i in range(0, ncopies):
+    q.put(i)
+
+for i in range(0, numthreads):
+    q.put(None)
+
+
+def create():
+    while True:
+        if q.get() == None:
+            break
+        new_tenant = TenantId.generate()
+        res = requests.post(
+            f"http://localhost:9898/v1/tenant/{initial_tenant}/duplicate",
+            json={"new_tenant_id": str(new_tenant)},
+        )
+        res.raise_for_status()
+
+
+for i in range(0, numthreads):
+    threading.Thread(target=create).start()

test_runner/fixtures/neon_fixtures.py

@@ -1719,6 +1719,11 @@ class NeonPageserver(PgProtocol):
                 break
 
             if error_or_warn.search(line):
+                # Is this a torn log line?  This happens when force-killing a process and restarting
+                # Example: "2023-10-25T09:38:31.752314Z  WARN deletion executo2023-10-25T09:38:31.875947Z  INFO version: git-env:0f9452f76e8ccdfc88291bccb3f53e3016f40192"
+                if re.match("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}T.+\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}T.+INFO version.+", line):
+                    continue
+
                 # It's an ERROR or WARN. Is it in the allow-list?
                 for a in self.allowed_errors:
                     if re.match(a, line):

test_runner/fixtures/pageserver/http.py

@@ -215,6 +215,25 @@ class PageserverHttpClient(requests.Session):
         assert isinstance(new_tenant_id, str)
         return TenantId(new_tenant_id)
 
+    def tenant_duplicate(
+        self, src_tenant_id: TenantId, new_tenant_id: TenantId, conf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
+    ) -> TenantId:
+        if conf is not None:
+            assert "new_tenant_id" not in conf.keys()
+        res = self.post(
+            f"http://localhost:{self.port}/v1/tenant/{src_tenant_id}/duplicate",
+            json={
+                "new_tenant_id": str(new_tenant_id),
+                **(conf or {}),
+            },
+        )
+        self.verbose_error(res)
+        if res.status_code == 409:
+            raise Exception(f"could not create tenant: already exists for id {new_tenant_id}")
+        new_tenant_id = res.json()
+        assert isinstance(new_tenant_id, str)
+        return TenantId(new_tenant_id)
+
     def tenant_attach(
         self,
         tenant_id: TenantId,
@@ -441,13 +460,13 @@ class PageserverHttpClient(requests.Session):
         assert res_json is None
 
     def timeline_get_lsn_by_timestamp(
-        self, tenant_id: TenantId, timeline_id: TimelineId, timestamp
+        self, tenant_id: TenantId, timeline_id: TimelineId, timestamp, version: int
     ):
         log.info(
             f"Requesting lsn by timestamp {timestamp}, tenant {tenant_id}, timeline {timeline_id}"
         )
         res = self.get(
-            f"http://localhost:{self.port}/v1/tenant/{tenant_id}/timeline/{timeline_id}/get_lsn_by_timestamp?timestamp={timestamp}",
+            f"http://localhost:{self.port}/v1/tenant/{tenant_id}/timeline/{timeline_id}/get_lsn_by_timestamp?timestamp={timestamp}&version={version}",
         )
         self.verbose_error(res)
         res_json = res.json()

test_runner/performance/README.md

@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ First make a release build. The `-s` flag silences a lot of output, and makes it
 easier to see if you have compile errors without scrolling up.
 `BUILD_TYPE=release CARGO_BUILD_FLAGS="--features=testing" make -s -j8`
 
+You may also need to run `./scripts/pysync`.
+
 Then run the tests
-`NEON_BIN=./target/release poetry run pytest test_runner/performance"`
+`DEFAULT_PG_VERSION=15 NEON_BIN=./target/release poetry run pytest test_runner/performance`
 
 Some handy pytest flags for local development:
 - `-x` tells pytest to stop on first error

test_runner/regress/test_lsn_mapping.py

@@ -8,6 +8,71 @@ from fixtures.types import Lsn
 from fixtures.utils import query_scalar
 
 
+#
+# Test pageserver get_lsn_by_timestamp API
+#
+def test_lsn_mapping_old(neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder):
+    env = neon_env_builder.init_start()
+
+    new_timeline_id = env.neon_cli.create_branch("test_lsn_mapping")
+    endpoint_main = env.endpoints.create_start("test_lsn_mapping")
+    log.info("postgres is running on 'test_lsn_mapping' branch")
+
+    cur = endpoint_main.connect().cursor()
+    # Create table, and insert rows, each in a separate transaction
+    # Disable synchronous_commit to make this initialization go faster.
+    #
+    # Each row contains current insert LSN and the current timestamp, when
+    # the row was inserted.
+    cur.execute("SET synchronous_commit=off")
+    cur.execute("CREATE TABLE foo (x integer)")
+    tbl = []
+    for i in range(1000):
+        cur.execute("INSERT INTO foo VALUES(%s)", (i,))
+        # Get the timestamp at UTC
+        after_timestamp = query_scalar(cur, "SELECT clock_timestamp()").replace(tzinfo=None)
+        tbl.append([i, after_timestamp])
+
+    # Execute one more transaction with synchronous_commit enabled, to flush
+    # all the previous transactions
+    cur.execute("SET synchronous_commit=on")
+    cur.execute("INSERT INTO foo VALUES (-1)")
+
+    # Wait until WAL is received by pageserver
+    wait_for_last_flush_lsn(env, endpoint_main, env.initial_tenant, new_timeline_id)
+
+    with env.pageserver.http_client() as client:
+        # Check edge cases: timestamp in the future
+        probe_timestamp = tbl[-1][1] + timedelta(hours=1)
+        result = client.timeline_get_lsn_by_timestamp(
+            env.initial_tenant, new_timeline_id, f"{probe_timestamp.isoformat()}Z", 1
+        )
+        assert result == "future"
+
+        # timestamp too the far history
+        probe_timestamp = tbl[0][1] - timedelta(hours=10)
+        result = client.timeline_get_lsn_by_timestamp(
+            env.initial_tenant, new_timeline_id, f"{probe_timestamp.isoformat()}Z", 1
+        )
+        assert result == "past"
+
+        # Probe a bunch of timestamps in the valid range
+        for i in range(1, len(tbl), 100):
+            probe_timestamp = tbl[i][1]
+            lsn = client.timeline_get_lsn_by_timestamp(
+                env.initial_tenant, new_timeline_id, f"{probe_timestamp.isoformat()}Z", 1
+            )
+            # Call get_lsn_by_timestamp to get the LSN
+            # Launch a new read-only node at that LSN, and check that only the rows
+            # that were supposed to be committed at that point in time are visible.
+            endpoint_here = env.endpoints.create_start(
+                branch_name="test_lsn_mapping", endpoint_id="ep-lsn_mapping_read", lsn=lsn
+            )
+            assert endpoint_here.safe_psql("SELECT max(x) FROM foo")[0][0] == i
+
+            endpoint_here.stop_and_destroy()
+
+
 #
 # Test pageserver get_lsn_by_timestamp API
 #
@@ -45,23 +110,24 @@ def test_lsn_mapping(neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder):
         # Check edge cases: timestamp in the future
         probe_timestamp = tbl[-1][1] + timedelta(hours=1)
         result = client.timeline_get_lsn_by_timestamp(
-            env.initial_tenant, new_timeline_id, f"{probe_timestamp.isoformat()}Z"
+            env.initial_tenant, new_timeline_id, f"{probe_timestamp.isoformat()}Z", 2
         )
-        assert result == "future"
+        assert result["kind"] == "future"
 
         # timestamp too the far history
         probe_timestamp = tbl[0][1] - timedelta(hours=10)
         result = client.timeline_get_lsn_by_timestamp(
-            env.initial_tenant, new_timeline_id, f"{probe_timestamp.isoformat()}Z"
+            env.initial_tenant, new_timeline_id, f"{probe_timestamp.isoformat()}Z", 2
         )
-        assert result == "past"
+        assert result["kind"] == "past"
 
         # Probe a bunch of timestamps in the valid range
         for i in range(1, len(tbl), 100):
             probe_timestamp = tbl[i][1]
-            lsn = client.timeline_get_lsn_by_timestamp(
-                env.initial_tenant, new_timeline_id, f"{probe_timestamp.isoformat()}Z"
+            result = client.timeline_get_lsn_by_timestamp(
+                env.initial_tenant, new_timeline_id, f"{probe_timestamp.isoformat()}Z", 2
             )
+            lsn = result["lsn"]
             # Call get_lsn_by_timestamp to get the LSN
             # Launch a new read-only node at that LSN, and check that only the rows
             # that were supposed to be committed at that point in time are visible.

test_runner/regress/test_pageserver_generations.py

@@ -486,16 +486,20 @@ def test_emergency_mode(neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder, pg_bin: PgBin):
 
 
 def evict_all_layers(env: NeonEnv, tenant_id: TenantId, timeline_id: TimelineId):
-    timeline_path = env.pageserver.timeline_dir(tenant_id, timeline_id)
-    initial_local_layers = sorted(
-        list(filter(lambda path: path.name != "metadata", timeline_path.glob("*")))
-    )
     client = env.pageserver.http_client()
-    for layer in initial_local_layers:
-        if "ephemeral" in layer.name or "temp" in layer.name:
+
+    layer_map = client.layer_map_info(tenant_id, timeline_id)
+
+    for layer in layer_map.historic_layers:
+        if layer.remote:
+            log.info(
+                f"Skipping trying to evict remote layer {tenant_id}/{timeline_id} {layer.layer_file_name}"
+            )
             continue
-        log.info(f"Evicting layer {tenant_id}/{timeline_id} {layer.name}")
-        client.evict_layer(tenant_id=tenant_id, timeline_id=timeline_id, layer_name=layer.name)
+        log.info(f"Evicting layer {tenant_id}/{timeline_id} {layer.layer_file_name}")
+        client.evict_layer(
+            tenant_id=tenant_id, timeline_id=timeline_id, layer_name=layer.layer_file_name
+        )
 
 
 def test_eviction_across_generations(neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder):

test_runner/regress/test_proxy.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import json
 import subprocess
+import time
 from typing import Any, List, Optional, Tuple
 
 import psycopg2
@@ -364,10 +365,14 @@ def test_sql_over_http_pool(static_proxy: NeonProxy):
 
     pid1 = get_pid(200, "http")["rows"][0]["pid"]
 
+    time.sleep(0.02)
+
     # query should be on the same connection
     rows = get_pid(200, "http")["rows"]
     assert rows == [{"pid": pid1}]
 
+    time.sleep(0.02)
+
     # incorrect password should not work
     res = get_pid(400, "foobar")
     assert "password authentication failed for user" in res["message"]
@@ -378,10 +383,14 @@ def test_sql_over_http_pool(static_proxy: NeonProxy):
     pid2 = get_pid(200, "http2")["rows"][0]["pid"]
     assert pid1 != pid2
 
+    time.sleep(0.02)
+
     # query should be on an existing connection
     pid = get_pid(200, "http2")["rows"][0]["pid"]
     assert pid in [pid1, pid2]
 
+    time.sleep(0.02)
+
     # old password should not work
     res = get_pid(400, "http")
     assert "password authentication failed for user" in res["message"]
@@ -419,6 +428,7 @@ def test_sql_over_http_pool_idle(static_proxy: NeonProxy):
         )
 
     pid1 = query(200, GET_CONNECTION_PID_QUERY)["rows"][0]["pid"]
+    time.sleep(0.02)
     query(200, "BEGIN")
     pid2 = query(200, GET_CONNECTION_PID_QUERY)["rows"][0]["pid"]
     assert pid1 != pid2

test_runner/regress/test_remote_storage.py

@@ -757,12 +757,14 @@ def test_empty_branch_remote_storage_upload_on_restart(neon_env_builder: NeonEnv
         create_thread.join()
 
 
-# Regression test for a race condition where L0 layers are compacted before the upload,
-# resulting in the uploading complaining about the file not being found
-# https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/4526
-def test_compaction_delete_before_upload(
+def test_compaction_waits_for_upload(
     neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder,
 ):
+    """
+    Compaction waits for outstanding uploads to complete, so that it avoids deleting layers
+    files that have not yet been uploaded.  This test forces a race between upload and
+    compaction.
+    """
     neon_env_builder.enable_pageserver_remote_storage(RemoteStorageKind.LOCAL_FS)
 
     env = neon_env_builder.init_start(
@@ -792,50 +794,81 @@ def test_compaction_delete_before_upload(
         wait_for_last_flush_lsn(env, endpoint, tenant_id, timeline_id)
 
         # Now make the flushing hang and update one small piece of data
-        client.configure_failpoints(("flush-frozen-pausable", "pause"))
+        client.configure_failpoints(("before-upload-layer-pausable", "pause"))
 
         endpoint.safe_psql("UPDATE foo SET x = 0 WHERE x = 1")
 
         wait_for_last_flush_lsn(env, endpoint, tenant_id, timeline_id)
 
-    q: queue.Queue[Optional[PageserverApiException]] = queue.Queue()
-    barrier = threading.Barrier(2)
+    checkpoint_result: queue.Queue[Optional[PageserverApiException]] = queue.Queue()
+    compact_result: queue.Queue[Optional[PageserverApiException]] = queue.Queue()
+    compact_barrier = threading.Barrier(2)
 
     def checkpoint_in_background():
-        barrier.wait()
         try:
+            log.info("Checkpoint starting")
             client.timeline_checkpoint(tenant_id, timeline_id)
-            q.put(None)
+            log.info("Checkpoint complete")
+            checkpoint_result.put(None)
         except PageserverApiException as e:
-            q.put(e)
+            log.info("Checkpoint errored: {e}")
+            checkpoint_result.put(e)
 
-    create_thread = threading.Thread(target=checkpoint_in_background)
-    create_thread.start()
+    def compact_in_background():
+        compact_barrier.wait()
+        try:
+            log.info("Compaction starting")
+            client.timeline_compact(tenant_id, timeline_id)
+            log.info("Compaction complete")
+            compact_result.put(None)
+        except PageserverApiException as e:
+            log.info("Compaction errored: {e}")
+            compact_result.put(e)
+
+    checkpoint_thread = threading.Thread(target=checkpoint_in_background)
+    checkpoint_thread.start()
+
+    compact_thread = threading.Thread(target=compact_in_background)
+    compact_thread.start()
 
     try:
-        barrier.wait()
+        # Start the checkpoint, see that it blocks
+        log.info("Waiting to see checkpoint hang...")
+        time.sleep(5)
+        assert checkpoint_result.empty()
 
-        time.sleep(4)
-        client.timeline_compact(tenant_id, timeline_id)
+        # Start the compaction, see that it finds work to do but blocks
+        compact_barrier.wait()
+        log.info("Waiting to see compaction hang...")
+        time.sleep(5)
+        assert compact_result.empty()
 
-        client.configure_failpoints(("flush-frozen-pausable", "off"))
+        # This is logged once compaction is started, but before we wait for operations to complete
+        assert env.pageserver.log_contains("compact_level0_phase1 stats available.")
 
-        conflict = q.get()
+        # Once we unblock uploads the compaction should complete successfully
+        log.info("Disabling failpoint")
+        client.configure_failpoints(("before-upload-layer-pausable", "off"))
+        log.info("Awaiting compaction result")
+        assert compact_result.get(timeout=10) is None
+        log.info("Awaiting checkpoint result")
+        assert checkpoint_result.get(timeout=10) is None
 
-        assert conflict is None
+    except Exception:
+        # Log the actual failure's backtrace here, before we proceed to join threads
+        log.exception("Failure, cleaning up...")
+        raise
     finally:
-        create_thread.join()
+        compact_barrier.abort()
 
-    # Add a delay for the uploads to run into either the file not found or the
-    time.sleep(4)
+        checkpoint_thread.join()
+        compact_thread.join()
 
     # Ensure that this actually terminates
     wait_upload_queue_empty(client, tenant_id, timeline_id)
 
-    # For now we are hitting this message.
-    # Maybe in the future the underlying race condition will be fixed,
-    # but until then, ensure that this message is hit instead.
-    assert env.pageserver.log_contains(
+    # We should not have hit the error handling path in uploads where the remote file is gone
+    assert not env.pageserver.log_contains(
         "File to upload doesn't exist. Likely the file has been deleted and an upload is not required any more."
     )
 

test_runner/regress/test_tenant_duplicate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import time
+from fixtures.neon_fixtures import (
+    NeonEnvBuilder,
+    last_flush_lsn_upload,
+)
+from fixtures.remote_storage import (
+    RemoteStorageKind,
+)
+from fixtures.types import TenantId
+from fixtures.log_helper import log
+
+
+def test_tenant_duplicate(
+    neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder,
+):
+    neon_env_builder.enable_pageserver_remote_storage(RemoteStorageKind.LOCAL_FS)
+
+    env = neon_env_builder.init_start()
+
+    with env.endpoints.create_start("main", tenant_id=env.initial_tenant) as ep_main:
+        ep_main.safe_psql("CREATE TABLE foo (i int);")
+        ep_main.safe_psql("INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1), (2), (3);")
+        last_flush_lsn = last_flush_lsn_upload(
+            env, ep_main, env.initial_tenant, env.initial_timeline
+        )
+
+    new_tenant_id = TenantId.generate()
+    # timeline id remains unchanged with tenant_duplicate
+    # TODO: implement a remapping scheme so timeline ids remain globally unique
+    new_timeline_id = env.initial_timeline
+
+    log.info(f"Duplicate tenant/timeline will be: {new_tenant_id}/{new_timeline_id}")
+
+    ps_http = env.pageserver.http_client()
+
+    ps_http.tenant_duplicate(env.initial_tenant, new_tenant_id)
+
+    ps_http.tenant_delete(env.initial_tenant)
+
+    env.neon_cli.map_branch("duplicate", new_tenant_id, new_timeline_id)
+
+    # start read-only replicate and validate
+    with env.endpoints.create_start(
+        "duplicate", tenant_id=new_tenant_id, lsn=last_flush_lsn
+    ) as ep_dup:
+        with ep_dup.connect() as conn:
+            with conn.cursor() as cur:
+                cur.execute("SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY i;")
+                cur.fetchall() == [(1,), (2,), (3,)]
+
+    # ensure restarting PS works
+    env.pageserver.stop()
+    env.pageserver.start()
+