pageserver: add enable-basebackup-cache feature flag for gradual roll out

pageserver: fix post-merge PR comments on basebackup cache (#12216 )
## Problem This PR addresses all but the direct IO post-merge comments on basebackup cache implementation. - Follow up on https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/11989#pullrequestreview-2867966119 - Part of https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/29353 ## Summary of changes - Clean up the tmp directory by recreating it. - Recreate the tmp directory on startup. - Add comments why it's safe to not fsync the inode after renaming.
2026-03-06 09:50:38 +00:00 · 2025-06-13 14:51:42 +02:00 · 2025-06-13 08:49:31 +00:00 · 2025-06-13 08:41:10 +00:00 · 2025-06-13 07:22:02 +00:00 · 2025-06-13 06:28:18 +00:00
367 changed files with 20229 additions and 7274 deletions
--- a/.github/actions/neon-project-create/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/neon-project-create/action.yml
@@ -49,10 +49,6 @@ inputs:
    description: 'A JSON object with project settings'
    required: false
    default: '{}'
-  default_endpoint_settings:
-    description: 'A JSON object with the default endpoint settings'
-    required: false
-    default: '{}'

 outputs:
  dsn:
@@ -139,21 +135,6 @@ runs:
            -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer ${ADMIN_API_KEY}" \
            -d "{\"scheduling\": \"Essential\"}"
        fi
-        # XXX
-        # This is a workaround for the default endpoint settings, which currently do not allow some settings in the public API.
-        # https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/27108
-        if [[ -n ${DEFAULT_ENDPOINT_SETTINGS} && ${DEFAULT_ENDPOINT_SETTINGS} != "{}" ]] ; then
-          PROJECT_DATA=$(curl -X GET \
-              "https://${API_HOST}/regions/${REGION_ID}/api/v1/admin/projects/${project_id}" \
-              -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer ${ADMIN_API_KEY}" \
-              -d "{\"scheduling\": \"Essential\"}"
-          )
-          NEW_DEFAULT_ENDPOINT_SETTINGS=$(echo ${PROJECT_DATA} | jq -rc ".project.default_endpoint_settings + ${DEFAULT_ENDPOINT_SETTINGS}")
-          curl -X POST --fail \
-                "https://${API_HOST}/regions/${REGION_ID}/api/v1/admin/projects/${project_id}/default_endpoint_settings" \
-                -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer ${ADMIN_API_KEY}" \
-                --data "${NEW_DEFAULT_ENDPOINT_SETTINGS}"
-        fi
        

      env:
@@ -171,4 +152,3 @@ runs:
        PSQL: ${{ inputs.psql_path }}
        LD_LIBRARY_PATH: ${{ inputs.libpq_lib_path }}
        PROJECT_SETTINGS: ${{ inputs.project_settings }}
-        DEFAULT_ENDPOINT_SETTINGS: ${{ inputs.default_endpoint_settings }}
--- a/.github/workflows/_build-and-test-locally.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/_build-and-test-locally.yml
@@ -279,18 +279,14 @@ jobs:
          # run all non-pageserver tests
          ${cov_prefix} cargo nextest run $CARGO_FLAGS $CARGO_FEATURES -E '!package(pageserver)'

-          # run pageserver tests with different settings
-          for get_vectored_concurrent_io in sequential sidecar-task; do
-            for io_engine in std-fs tokio-epoll-uring ; do
-                for io_mode in buffered direct direct-rw ; do
-                  NEON_PAGESERVER_UNIT_TEST_GET_VECTORED_CONCURRENT_IO=$get_vectored_concurrent_io \
-                  NEON_PAGESERVER_UNIT_TEST_VIRTUAL_FILE_IOENGINE=$io_engine \
-                  NEON_PAGESERVER_UNIT_TEST_VIRTUAL_FILE_IO_MODE=$io_mode \
-                  ${cov_prefix} \
-                  cargo nextest run $CARGO_FLAGS $CARGO_FEATURES  -E 'package(pageserver)'
-              done
-            done
-          done
+          # run pageserver tests
+          # (When developing new pageserver features gated by config fields, we commonly make the rust
+          # unit tests sensitive to an environment variable NEON_PAGESERVER_UNIT_TEST_FEATURENAME.
+          # Then run the nextest invocation below for all relevant combinations. Singling out the
+          # pageserver tests from non-pageserver tests cuts down the time it takes for this CI step.)
+          NEON_PAGESERVER_UNIT_TEST_VIRTUAL_FILE_IOENGINE=tokio-epoll-uring  \
+          ${cov_prefix} \
+          cargo nextest run $CARGO_FLAGS $CARGO_FEATURES  -E 'package(pageserver)'

          # Run separate tests for real S3
          export ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE=nonempty
@@ -405,8 +401,6 @@ jobs:
          CHECK_ONDISK_DATA_COMPATIBILITY: nonempty
          BUILD_TAG: ${{ inputs.build-tag }}
          PAGESERVER_VIRTUAL_FILE_IO_ENGINE: tokio-epoll-uring
-          PAGESERVER_GET_VECTORED_CONCURRENT_IO: sidecar-task
-          PAGESERVER_VIRTUAL_FILE_IO_MODE: direct-rw
          USE_LFC: ${{ matrix.lfc_state == 'with-lfc' && 'true' || 'false' }}

      # Temporary disable this step until we figure out why it's so flaky
--- a/.github/workflows/build_and_test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_and_test.yml
@@ -314,7 +314,8 @@ jobs:
          test_selection: performance
          run_in_parallel: false
          save_perf_report: ${{ github.ref_name == 'main' }}
-          extra_params: --splits 5 --group ${{ matrix.pytest_split_group }}
+          # test_pageserver_max_throughput_getpage_at_latest_lsn is run in separate workflow periodic_pagebench.yml because it needs snapshots
+          extra_params: --splits 5 --group ${{ matrix.pytest_split_group }} --ignore=test_runner/performance/pageserver/pagebench/test_pageserver_max_throughput_getpage_at_latest_lsn.py
          benchmark_durations: ${{ needs.get-benchmarks-durations.outputs.json }}
          pg_version: v16
          aws-oidc-role-arn: ${{ vars.DEV_AWS_OIDC_ROLE_ARN }}
@@ -323,8 +324,6 @@ jobs:
          PERF_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: "${{ secrets.PERF_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR }}"
          TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: "${{ secrets.REGRESS_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR_NEW }}"
          PAGESERVER_VIRTUAL_FILE_IO_ENGINE: tokio-epoll-uring
-          PAGESERVER_GET_VECTORED_CONCURRENT_IO: sidecar-task
-          PAGESERVER_VIRTUAL_FILE_IO_MODE: direct-rw
          SYNC_BETWEEN_TESTS: true
      # XXX: no coverage data handling here, since benchmarks are run on release builds,
      # while coverage is currently collected for the debug ones
@@ -965,7 +964,7 @@ jobs:
          fi

      - name: Verify docker-compose example and test extensions
-        timeout-minutes: 20
+        timeout-minutes: 60
        env:
          TAG: >-
            ${{
--- a/.github/workflows/cloud-extensions.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cloud-extensions.yml
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
      matrix:
        pg-version: [16, 17]

-    runs-on: [ self-hosted, small ]
+    runs-on: us-east-2
    container:
      # We use the neon-test-extensions image here as it contains the source code for the extensions.
      image: ghcr.io/neondatabase/neon-test-extensions-v${{ matrix.pg-version }}:latest
@@ -71,20 +71,7 @@ jobs:
          region_id: ${{ inputs.region_id || 'aws-us-east-2' }}
          postgres_version: ${{ matrix.pg-version }}
          project_settings: ${{ steps.project-settings.outputs.settings }}
-          # We need these settings to get the expected output results.
-          # We cannot use the environment variables e.g. PGTZ due to
-          # https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/1287
-          default_endpoint_settings: >
-            {
-              "pg_settings": {
-                "DateStyle": "Postgres,MDY",
-                "TimeZone": "America/Los_Angeles",
-                "compute_query_id": "off",
-                "neon.allow_unstable_extensions": "on"
-              }
-            }
          api_key: ${{ secrets.NEON_STAGING_API_KEY }}
-          admin_api_key: ${{ secrets.NEON_STAGING_ADMIN_API_KEY }}

      - name: Run the regression tests
        run: /run-tests.sh -r /ext-src
--- a/.github/workflows/neon_extra_builds.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/neon_extra_builds.yml
@@ -63,8 +63,10 @@ jobs:

      - name: Filter out only v-string for build matrix
        id: postgres_changes
+        env:
+          CHANGES: ${{ steps.files_changed.outputs.changes }}
        run: |
-          v_strings_only_as_json_array=$(echo ${{ steps.files_changed.outputs.chnages }} | jq '.[]|select(test("v\\d+"))' | jq --slurp -c)
+          v_strings_only_as_json_array=$(echo ${CHANGES} | jq '.[]|select(test("v\\d+"))' | jq --slurp -c)
          echo "changes=${v_strings_only_as_json_array}" | tee -a "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"

  check-macos-build:
--- a/.github/workflows/periodic_pagebench.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/periodic_pagebench.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Periodic pagebench performance test on dedicated EC2 machine in eu-central-1 region
+name: Periodic pagebench performance test on unit-perf hetzner runner

 on:
  schedule:
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ on:
    #        │   │ ┌───────────── day of the month (1 - 31)
    #        │   │ │ ┌───────────── month (1 - 12 or JAN-DEC)
    #        │   │ │ │ ┌───────────── day of the week (0 - 6 or SUN-SAT)
-    - cron: '0 */3 * * *' # Runs every 3 hours
+    - cron: '0 */4 * * *' # Runs every 4 hours
  workflow_dispatch: # Allows manual triggering of the workflow
    inputs:
      commit_hash:
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ on:
        description: 'The long neon repo commit hash for the system under test (pageserver) to be tested.'
        required: false
        default: ''
+      recreate_snapshots:
+        type: boolean
+        description: 'Recreate snapshots - !!!WARNING!!! We should only recreate snapshots if the previous ones are no longer compatible. Otherwise benchmarking results are not comparable across runs.'
+        required: false
+        default: false

 defaults:
  run:
@@ -29,13 +34,13 @@ permissions:
  contents: read

 jobs:
-  trigger_bench_on_ec2_machine_in_eu_central_1:
+  run_periodic_pagebench_test:
    permissions:
      id-token: write # aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials
      statuses: write
      contents: write
      pull-requests: write
-    runs-on: [ self-hosted, small ]
+    runs-on: [ self-hosted, unit-perf ]
    container:
      image: ghcr.io/neondatabase/build-tools:pinned-bookworm
      credentials:
@@ -44,10 +49,13 @@ jobs:
      options: --init
    timeout-minutes: 360  # Set the timeout to 6 hours
    env:
-      API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PERIODIC_PAGEBENCH_EC2_RUNNER_API_KEY }}
      RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-      AWS_DEFAULT_REGION : "eu-central-1"
-      AWS_INSTANCE_ID : "i-02a59a3bf86bc7e74"
+      DEFAULT_PG_VERSION: 16
+      BUILD_TYPE: release
+      RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
+      # NEON_ENV_BUILDER_USE_OVERLAYFS_FOR_SNAPSHOTS: 1 - doesn't work without root in container
+      S3_BUCKET: neon-github-public-dev
+      PERF_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: "${{ secrets.PERF_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR }}"
    steps:
    # we don't need the neon source code because we run everything remotely
    # however we still need the local github actions to run the allure step below
@@ -56,99 +64,194 @@ jobs:
      with:
        egress-policy: audit

-    - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+    - name: Set up the environment which depends on $RUNNER_TEMP on nvme drive
+      id: set-env
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      run: |
+        {
+          echo "NEON_DIR=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon"
+          echo "NEON_BIN=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/bin"
+          echo "POSTGRES_DISTRIB_DIR=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/pg_install"
+          echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/pg_install/v${DEFAULT_PG_VERSION}/lib"
+          echo "BACKUP_DIR=${RUNNER_TEMP}/instance_store/saved_snapshots"
+          echo "TEST_OUTPUT=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/test_output"
+          echo "PERF_REPORT_DIR=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/test_output/perf-report-local"
+          echo "ALLURE_DIR=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/test_output/allure-results"
+          echo "ALLURE_RESULTS_DIR=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/test_output/allure-results/results"
+        } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"

-    - name: Show my own (github runner) external IP address - usefull for IP allowlisting
-      run: curl https://ifconfig.me
+        echo "allure_results_dir=${RUNNER_TEMP}/neon/test_output/allure-results/results" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"

-    - name: Assume AWS OIDC role that allows to manage (start/stop/describe... EC machine)
-      uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@e3dd6a429d7300a6a4c196c26e071d42e0343502 # v4.0.2
+    - uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@e3dd6a429d7300a6a4c196c26e071d42e0343502 # v4.0.2
      with:
        aws-region: eu-central-1
-        role-to-assume: ${{ vars.DEV_AWS_OIDC_ROLE_MANAGE_BENCHMARK_EC2_VMS_ARN }}
-        role-duration-seconds: 3600
-
-    - name: Start EC2 instance and wait for the instance to boot up
-      run: |
-        aws ec2 start-instances --instance-ids $AWS_INSTANCE_ID
-        aws ec2 wait instance-running --instance-ids $AWS_INSTANCE_ID
-        sleep 60 # sleep some time to allow cloudinit and our API server to start up
-
-    - name: Determine public IP of the EC2 instance and set env variable EC2_MACHINE_URL_US
-      run: |
-        public_ip=$(aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids $AWS_INSTANCE_ID --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].PublicIpAddress' --output text)
-        echo "Public IP of the EC2 instance: $public_ip"
-        echo "EC2_MACHINE_URL_US=https://${public_ip}:8443" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
+        role-to-assume: ${{ vars.DEV_AWS_OIDC_ROLE_ARN }}
+        role-duration-seconds: 18000 # max 5 hours (needed in case commit hash is still being built)
    - name: Determine commit hash
+      id: commit_hash
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
      env:
        INPUT_COMMIT_HASH: ${{ github.event.inputs.commit_hash }}
      run: |
-        if [ -z "$INPUT_COMMIT_HASH" ]; then
-          echo "COMMIT_HASH=$(curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/neondatabase/neon/commits/main | jq -r '.sha')" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        if [[ -z "${INPUT_COMMIT_HASH}" ]]; then
+          COMMIT_HASH=$(curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/neondatabase/neon/commits/main | jq -r '.sha')
+          echo "COMMIT_HASH=$COMMIT_HASH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "commit_hash=$COMMIT_HASH" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
          echo "COMMIT_HASH_TYPE=latest" >> $GITHUB_ENV
        else
-          echo "COMMIT_HASH=$INPUT_COMMIT_HASH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          COMMIT_HASH="${INPUT_COMMIT_HASH}"
+          echo "COMMIT_HASH=$COMMIT_HASH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "commit_hash=$COMMIT_HASH" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
          echo "COMMIT_HASH_TYPE=manual" >> $GITHUB_ENV
        fi
+    - name: Checkout the neon repository at given commit hash
+      uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      with:
+        ref: ${{ steps.commit_hash.outputs.commit_hash }}

-    - name: Start Bench with run_id
+    # does not reuse ./.github/actions/download because we need to download the artifact for the given commit hash
+    # example artifact
+    # s3://neon-github-public-dev/artifacts/48b870bc078bd2c450eb7b468e743b9c118549bf/15036827400/1/neon-Linux-X64-release-artifact.tar.zst /instance_store/artifacts/neon-Linux-release-artifact.tar.zst
+    - name: Determine artifact S3_KEY for given commit hash and download and extract artifact
+      id: artifact_prefix
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      env:
+        ARCHIVE: ${{ runner.temp }}/downloads/neon-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-release-artifact.tar.zst
+        COMMIT_HASH: ${{ env.COMMIT_HASH }}
+        COMMIT_HASH_TYPE: ${{ env.COMMIT_HASH_TYPE }}
      run: |
-        curl -k -X 'POST' \
-        "${EC2_MACHINE_URL_US}/start_test/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" \
-        -H 'accept: application/json' \
-        -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-        -H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY" \
-        -d "{\"neonRepoCommitHash\": \"${COMMIT_HASH}\", \"neonRepoCommitHashType\": \"${COMMIT_HASH_TYPE}\"}"
+        attempt=0
+        max_attempts=24 # 5 minutes * 24 = 2 hours

-    - name: Poll Test Status
-      id: poll_step
-      run: |
-        status=""
-        while [[ "$status" != "failure" && "$status" != "success" ]]; do
-          response=$(curl -k -X 'GET' \
-          "${EC2_MACHINE_URL_US}/test_status/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" \
-          -H 'accept: application/json' \
-          -H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY")
-          echo "Response: $response"
-          set +x
-          status=$(echo $response | jq -r '.status')
-          echo "Test status: $status"
-          if [[ "$status" == "failure" ]]; then
-            echo "Test failed"
-            exit 1 # Fail the job step if status is failure
-          elif [[ "$status" == "success" || "$status" == "null" ]]; then
+        while [[ $attempt -lt $max_attempts ]]; do
+          # the following command will fail until the artifacts are available ...
+          S3_KEY=$(aws s3api list-objects-v2 --bucket "$S3_BUCKET" --prefix "artifacts/$COMMIT_HASH/" \
+            | jq -r '.Contents[]?.Key' \
+            | grep "neon-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-release-artifact.tar.zst" \
+            | sort --version-sort \
+            | tail -1) || true # ... thus ignore errors from the command
+          if [[ -n "${S3_KEY}" ]]; then
+            echo "Artifact found: $S3_KEY"
+            echo "S3_KEY=$S3_KEY" >> $GITHUB_ENV
            break
-          elif [[ "$status" == "too_many_runs" ]]; then
-            echo "Too many runs already running"
-            echo "too_many_runs=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-            exit 1
          fi
-
-          sleep 60 # Poll every 60 seconds
+          
+          # Increment attempt counter and sleep for 5 minutes
+          attempt=$((attempt + 1))
+          echo "Attempt $attempt of $max_attempts to find artifacts in S3 bucket s3://$S3_BUCKET/artifacts/$COMMIT_HASH failed. Retrying in 5 minutes..."
+          sleep 300 # Sleep for 5 minutes
        done

-    - name: Retrieve Test Logs
-      if: always() && steps.poll_step.outputs.too_many_runs != 'true'
-      run: |
-        curl -k -X 'GET' \
-        "${EC2_MACHINE_URL_US}/test_log/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" \
-        -H 'accept: application/gzip' \
-        -H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY" \
-        --output "test_log_${GITHUB_RUN_ID}.gz"
+        if [[ -z "${S3_KEY}" ]]; then
+          echo "Error: artifact not found in S3 bucket s3://$S3_BUCKET/artifacts/$COMMIT_HASH" after 2 hours
+        else
+          mkdir -p $(dirname $ARCHIVE)
+          time aws s3 cp --only-show-errors s3://$S3_BUCKET/${S3_KEY} ${ARCHIVE}
+          mkdir -p ${NEON_DIR}
+          time tar -xf ${ARCHIVE} -C ${NEON_DIR}
+          rm -f ${ARCHIVE}
+        fi

-    - name: Unzip Test Log and Print it into this job's log
-      if: always() && steps.poll_step.outputs.too_many_runs != 'true'
+    - name: Download snapshots from S3
+      if: ${{ github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event.inputs.recreate_snapshots == 'false' || github.event.inputs.recreate_snapshots == '' }}
+      id: download_snapshots
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
      run: |
-        gzip -d "test_log_${GITHUB_RUN_ID}.gz"
-        cat "test_log_${GITHUB_RUN_ID}"
+        # Download the snapshots from S3
+        mkdir -p ${TEST_OUTPUT}
+        mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
+        cd $BACKUP_DIR
+        mkdir parts
+        cd parts
+        PART=$(aws s3api list-objects-v2 --bucket $S3_BUCKET --prefix performance/pagebench/ \
+          | jq -r '.Contents[]?.Key' \
+          | grep -E 'shared-snapshots-[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}' \
+          | sort \
+          | tail -1)
+        echo "Latest PART: $PART"
+        if [[ -z "$PART" ]]; then
+          echo "ERROR: No matching S3 key found" >&2
+          exit 1
+        fi
+        S3_KEY=$(dirname $PART)
+        time aws s3 cp --only-show-errors --recursive s3://${S3_BUCKET}/$S3_KEY/ .
+        cd $TEST_OUTPUT
+        time cat $BACKUP_DIR/parts/* | zstdcat | tar --extract --preserve-permissions
+        rm -rf ${BACKUP_DIR}
+
+    - name: Cache poetry deps
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
+      with:
+        path: ~/.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs
+        key: v2-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-python-deps-bookworm-${{ hashFiles('poetry.lock') }}
+
+    - name: Install Python deps
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      run: ./scripts/pysync
+
+    # we need high number of open files for pagebench
+    - name: show ulimits
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      run: |
+        ulimit -a
+
+    - name: Run pagebench testcase
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      env:
+        CI: false  # need to override this env variable set by github to enforce using snapshots
+      run: |
+        export PLATFORM=hetzner-unit-perf-${COMMIT_HASH_TYPE}
+        # report the commit hash of the neon repository in the revision of the test results
+        export GITHUB_SHA=${COMMIT_HASH}
+        rm -rf ${PERF_REPORT_DIR}
+        rm -rf ${ALLURE_RESULTS_DIR}
+        mkdir -p ${PERF_REPORT_DIR}
+        mkdir -p ${ALLURE_RESULTS_DIR}
+        PARAMS="--alluredir=${ALLURE_RESULTS_DIR} --tb=short --verbose -rA"
+        EXTRA_PARAMS="--out-dir ${PERF_REPORT_DIR} --durations-path $TEST_OUTPUT/benchmark_durations.json"
+        # run only two selected tests
+        # environment set by parent:
+        # RUST_BACKTRACE=1 DEFAULT_PG_VERSION=16 BUILD_TYPE=release
+        ./scripts/pytest ${PARAMS} test_runner/performance/pageserver/pagebench/test_pageserver_max_throughput_getpage_at_latest_lsn.py::test_pageserver_characterize_throughput_with_n_tenants ${EXTRA_PARAMS}
+        ./scripts/pytest ${PARAMS} test_runner/performance/pageserver/pagebench/test_pageserver_max_throughput_getpage_at_latest_lsn.py::test_pageserver_characterize_latencies_with_1_client_and_throughput_with_many_clients_one_tenant ${EXTRA_PARAMS}
+
+    - name: upload the performance metrics to the Neon performance database which is used by grafana dashboards to display the results
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      run: |
+        export REPORT_FROM="$PERF_REPORT_DIR"
+        export GITHUB_SHA=${COMMIT_HASH}
+        time ./scripts/generate_and_push_perf_report.sh
+
+    - name: Upload test results
+      if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report-store
+      with:
+        report-dir:  ${{ steps.set-env.outputs.allure_results_dir }}
+        unique-key: ${{ env.BUILD_TYPE }}-${{ env.DEFAULT_PG_VERSION }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+        aws-oidc-role-arn:  ${{ vars.DEV_AWS_OIDC_ROLE_ARN }}

    - name: Create Allure report
+      id: create-allure-report
      if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report-generate
      with:
        aws-oidc-role-arn: ${{ vars.DEV_AWS_OIDC_ROLE_ARN }}

+    - name: Upload snapshots
+      if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.recreate_snapshots != 'false' && github.event.inputs.recreate_snapshots != '' }}
+      id: upload_snapshots
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      run: |
+        mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
+        cd $TEST_OUTPUT
+        tar --create --preserve-permissions --file - shared-snapshots | zstd -o $BACKUP_DIR/shared_snapshots.tar.zst
+        cd $BACKUP_DIR
+        mkdir parts
+        split -b 1G shared_snapshots.tar.zst ./parts/shared_snapshots.tar.zst.part.
+        SNAPSHOT_DATE=$(date +%F)  # YYYY-MM-DD
+        cd parts
+        time aws s3 cp --recursive . s3://${S3_BUCKET}/performance/pagebench/shared-snapshots-${SNAPSHOT_DATE}/
+
    - name: Post to a Slack channel
      if: ${{ github.event.schedule && failure() }}
      uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@fcfb566f8b0aab22203f066d80ca1d7e4b5d05b3 # v1.27.1
@@ -157,26 +260,22 @@ jobs:
        slack-message: "Periodic pagebench testing on dedicated hardware: ${{ job.status }}\n${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"
      env:
        SLACK_BOT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BOT_TOKEN }}
-
+        
    - name: Cleanup Test Resources
      if: always()
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      env:
+        ARCHIVE: ${{ runner.temp }}/downloads/neon-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-release-artifact.tar.zst
      run: |
-        curl -k -X 'POST' \
-        "${EC2_MACHINE_URL_US}/cleanup_test/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" \
-        -H 'accept: application/json' \
-        -H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY" \
-        -d ''
+        # Cleanup the test resources
+        if [[ -d "${BACKUP_DIR}" ]]; then
+          rm -rf ${BACKUP_DIR}
+        fi
+        if [[ -d "${TEST_OUTPUT}" ]]; then
+          rm -rf ${TEST_OUTPUT}
+        fi
+        if [[ -d "${NEON_DIR}" ]]; then
+          rm -rf ${NEON_DIR}
+        fi
+        rm -rf $(dirname $ARCHIVE)

-    - name: Assume AWS OIDC role that allows to manage (start/stop/describe... EC machine)
-      if: always() && steps.poll_step.outputs.too_many_runs != 'true'
-      uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@e3dd6a429d7300a6a4c196c26e071d42e0343502 # v4.0.2
-      with:
-        aws-region: eu-central-1
-        role-to-assume: ${{ vars.DEV_AWS_OIDC_ROLE_MANAGE_BENCHMARK_EC2_VMS_ARN }}
-        role-duration-seconds: 3600
-
-    - name: Stop EC2 instance and wait for the instance to be stopped
-      if: always() && steps.poll_step.outputs.too_many_runs != 'true'
-      run: |
-        aws ec2 stop-instances --instance-ids $AWS_INSTANCE_ID
-        aws ec2 wait instance-stopped --instance-ids $AWS_INSTANCE_ID
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -753,6 +753,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "axum",
 "axum-core",
 "bytes",
+ "form_urlencoded",
 "futures-util",
 "headers",
 "http 1.1.0",
@@ -761,6 +762,8 @@ dependencies = [
 "mime",
 "pin-project-lite",
 "serde",
+ "serde_html_form",
+ "serde_path_to_error",
 "tower 0.5.2",
 "tower-layer",
 "tower-service",
@@ -900,12 +903,6 @@ version = "0.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9e1b586273c5702936fe7b7d6896644d8be71e6314cfe09d3167c95f712589e8"

-[[package]]
-name = "base64"
-version = "0.20.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0ea22880d78093b0cbe17c89f64a7d457941e65759157ec6cb31a31d652b05e5"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
 version = "0.21.7"
@@ -1112,6 +1109,12 @@ version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"

+[[package]]
+name = "cfg_aliases"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "613afe47fcd5fac7ccf1db93babcb082c5994d996f20b8b159f2ad1658eb5724"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cgroups-rs"
 version = "0.3.3"
@@ -1270,7 +1273,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "chrono",
- "indexmap 2.0.1",
+ "indexmap 2.9.0",
 "jsonwebtoken",
 "regex",
 "remote_storage",
@@ -1291,7 +1294,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "aws-smithy-types",
 "axum",
 "axum-extra",
- "base64 0.13.1",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "bytes",
 "camino",
 "cfg-if",
@@ -1302,11 +1305,11 @@ dependencies = [
 "flate2",
 "futures",
 "http 1.1.0",
- "indexmap 2.0.1",
+ "indexmap 2.9.0",
 "itertools 0.10.5",
 "jsonwebtoken",
 "metrics",
- "nix 0.27.1",
+ "nix 0.30.1",
 "notify",
 "num_cpus",
 "once_cell",
@@ -1417,7 +1420,7 @@ name = "control_plane"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
- "base64 0.13.1",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "camino",
 "clap",
 "comfy-table",
@@ -1429,7 +1432,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "humantime-serde",
 "hyper 0.14.30",
 "jsonwebtoken",
- "nix 0.27.1",
+ "nix 0.30.1",
 "once_cell",
 "pageserver_api",
 "pageserver_client",
@@ -1439,6 +1442,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "regex",
 "reqwest",
 "safekeeper_api",
+ "safekeeper_client",
 "scopeguard",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
@@ -2048,6 +2052,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "axum-extra",
 "camino",
 "camino-tempfile",
+ "clap",
 "futures",
 "http-body-util",
 "itertools 0.10.5",
@@ -2591,7 +2596,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "futures-sink",
 "futures-util",
 "http 0.2.9",
- "indexmap 2.0.1",
+ "indexmap 2.9.0",
 "slab",
 "tokio",
 "tokio-util",
@@ -2610,7 +2615,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "futures-sink",
 "futures-util",
 "http 1.1.0",
- "indexmap 2.0.1",
+ "indexmap 2.9.0",
 "slab",
 "tokio",
 "tokio-util",
@@ -2857,14 +2862,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "pprof",
 "regex",
 "routerify",
- "rustls 0.23.18",
+ "rustls 0.23.27",
 "rustls-pemfile 2.1.1",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
 "serde_path_to_error",
 "thiserror 1.0.69",
 "tokio",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
 "tokio-stream",
 "tokio-util",
 "tracing",
@@ -3194,12 +3199,12 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
-version = "2.0.1"
+version = "2.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ad227c3af19d4914570ad36d30409928b75967c298feb9ea1969db3a610bb14e"
+checksum = "cea70ddb795996207ad57735b50c5982d8844f38ba9ee5f1aedcfb708a2aa11e"
 dependencies = [
 "equivalent",
- "hashbrown 0.14.5",
+ "hashbrown 0.15.2",
 "serde",
 ]

@@ -3222,7 +3227,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "232929e1d75fe899576a3d5c7416ad0d88dbfbb3c3d6aa00873a7408a50ddb88"
 dependencies = [
 "ahash",
- "indexmap 2.0.1",
+ "indexmap 2.9.0",
 "is-terminal",
 "itoa",
 "log",
@@ -3245,7 +3250,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "crossbeam-utils",
 "dashmap 6.1.0",
 "env_logger",
- "indexmap 2.0.1",
+ "indexmap 2.9.0",
 "itoa",
 "log",
 "num-format",
@@ -3512,9 +3517,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.169"
+version = "0.2.172"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b5aba8db14291edd000dfcc4d620c7ebfb122c613afb886ca8803fa4e128a20a"
+checksum = "d750af042f7ef4f724306de029d18836c26c1765a54a6a3f094cbd23a7267ffa"

 [[package]]
 name = "libloading"
@@ -3788,6 +3793,16 @@ version = "0.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e5ce46fe64a9d73be07dcbe690a38ce1b293be448fd8ce1e6c1b8062c9f72c6a"

+[[package]]
+name = "neon-shmem"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "nix 0.30.1",
+ "tempfile",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "workspace_hack",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "never-say-never"
 version = "6.6.666"
@@ -3821,12 +3836,13 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "nix"
-version = "0.27.1"
+version = "0.30.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2eb04e9c688eff1c89d72b407f168cf79bb9e867a9d3323ed6c01519eb9cc053"
+checksum = "74523f3a35e05aba87a1d978330aef40f67b0304ac79c1c00b294c9830543db6"
 dependencies = [
 "bitflags 2.8.0",
 "cfg-if",
+ "cfg_aliases",
 "libc",
 "memoffset 0.9.0",
 ]
@@ -3881,6 +3897,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "winapi",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "nu-ansi-term"
+version = "0.46.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77a8165726e8236064dbb45459242600304b42a5ea24ee2948e18e023bf7ba84"
+dependencies = [
+ "overload",
+ "winapi",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num"
 version = "0.4.1"
@@ -4085,7 +4111,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "opentelemetry-http",
 "opentelemetry-proto",
 "opentelemetry_sdk",
- "prost 0.13.3",
+ "prost 0.13.5",
 "reqwest",
 "thiserror 1.0.69",
 ]
@@ -4098,8 +4124,8 @@ checksum = "a6e05acbfada5ec79023c85368af14abd0b307c015e9064d249b2a950ef459a6"
 dependencies = [
 "opentelemetry",
 "opentelemetry_sdk",
- "prost 0.13.3",
- "tonic",
+ "prost 0.13.5",
+ "tonic 0.12.3",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -4165,6 +4191,12 @@ version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4030760ffd992bef45b0ae3f10ce1aba99e33464c90d14dd7c039884963ddc7a"

+[[package]]
+name = "overload"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b15813163c1d831bf4a13c3610c05c0d03b39feb07f7e09fa234dac9b15aaf39"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "p256"
 version = "0.11.1"
@@ -4203,6 +4235,8 @@ name = "pagebench"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
+ "async-trait",
+ "bytes",
 "camino",
 "clap",
 "futures",
@@ -4211,12 +4245,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "humantime-serde",
 "pageserver_api",
 "pageserver_client",
+ "pageserver_page_api",
 "rand 0.8.5",
 "reqwest",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
 "tokio",
+ "tokio-stream",
 "tokio-util",
+ "tonic 0.13.1",
 "tracing",
 "utils",
 "workspace_hack",
@@ -4269,8 +4306,10 @@ dependencies = [
 "enumset",
 "fail",
 "futures",
+ "hashlink",
 "hex",
 "hex-literal",
+ "http 1.1.0",
 "http-utils",
 "humantime",
 "humantime-serde",
@@ -4280,13 +4319,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "jsonwebtoken",
 "md5",
 "metrics",
- "nix 0.27.1",
+ "nix 0.30.1",
 "num-traits",
 "num_cpus",
 "once_cell",
 "pageserver_api",
 "pageserver_client",
 "pageserver_compaction",
+ "pageserver_page_api",
 "pem",
 "pin-project-lite",
 "postgres-protocol",
@@ -4295,6 +4335,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "postgres_connection",
 "postgres_ffi",
 "postgres_initdb",
+ "posthog_client_lite",
 "pprof",
 "pq_proto",
 "procfs",
@@ -4305,7 +4346,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "reqwest",
 "rpds",
 "rstest",
- "rustls 0.23.18",
+ "rustls 0.23.27",
 "scopeguard",
 "send-future",
 "serde",
@@ -4324,13 +4365,17 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio-epoll-uring",
 "tokio-io-timeout",
 "tokio-postgres",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
 "tokio-stream",
 "tokio-tar",
 "tokio-util",
 "toml_edit",
+ "tonic 0.13.1",
+ "tonic-reflection",
+ "tower 0.5.2",
 "tracing",
 "tracing-utils",
+ "twox-hash",
 "url",
 "utils",
 "uuid",
@@ -4355,7 +4400,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "humantime",
 "humantime-serde",
 "itertools 0.10.5",
- "nix 0.27.1",
+ "nix 0.30.1",
 "once_cell",
 "postgres_backend",
 "postgres_ffi",
@@ -4416,6 +4461,21 @@ dependencies = [
 "workspace_hack",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "pageserver_page_api"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "pageserver_api",
+ "postgres_ffi",
+ "prost 0.13.5",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "tonic 0.13.1",
+ "tonic-build",
+ "utils",
+ "workspace_hack",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "papaya"
 version = "0.2.1"
@@ -4752,7 +4812,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "postgres-protocol2"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.20.0",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "byteorder",
 "bytes",
 "fallible-iterator",
@@ -4792,14 +4852,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "bytes",
 "once_cell",
 "pq_proto",
- "rustls 0.23.18",
+ "rustls 0.23.27",
 "rustls-pemfile 2.1.1",
 "serde",
 "thiserror 1.0.69",
 "tokio",
 "tokio-postgres",
 "tokio-postgres-rustls",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
 "tokio-util",
 "tracing",
 ]
@@ -4848,6 +4908,24 @@ dependencies = [
 "workspace_hack",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "posthog_client_lite"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "arc-swap",
+ "reqwest",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "sha2",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-util",
+ "tracing",
+ "tracing-utils",
+ "workspace_hack",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "powerfmt"
 version = "0.2.0"
@@ -4893,7 +4971,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "inferno 0.12.0",
 "num",
 "paste",
- "prost 0.13.3",
+ "prost 0.13.5",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -4998,12 +5076,12 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "prost"
-version = "0.13.3"
+version = "0.13.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7b0487d90e047de87f984913713b85c601c05609aad5b0df4b4573fbf69aa13f"
+checksum = "2796faa41db3ec313a31f7624d9286acf277b52de526150b7e69f3debf891ee5"
 dependencies = [
 "bytes",
- "prost-derive 0.13.3",
+ "prost-derive 0.13.5",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -5041,7 +5119,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "once_cell",
 "petgraph",
 "prettyplease",
- "prost 0.13.3",
+ "prost 0.13.5",
 "prost-types 0.13.3",
 "regex",
 "syn 2.0.100",
@@ -5063,9 +5141,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "prost-derive"
-version = "0.13.3"
+version = "0.13.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e9552f850d5f0964a4e4d0bf306459ac29323ddfbae05e35a7c0d35cb0803cc5"
+checksum = "8a56d757972c98b346a9b766e3f02746cde6dd1cd1d1d563472929fdd74bec4d"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "itertools 0.12.1",
@@ -5089,7 +5167,7 @@ version = "0.13.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4759aa0d3a6232fb8dbdb97b61de2c20047c68aca932c7ed76da9d788508d670"
 dependencies = [
- "prost 0.13.3",
+ "prost 0.13.5",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -5106,7 +5184,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "aws-config",
 "aws-sdk-iam",
 "aws-sigv4",
- "base64 0.13.1",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "bstr",
 "bytes",
 "camino",
@@ -5137,7 +5215,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "hyper 0.14.30",
 "hyper 1.4.1",
 "hyper-util",
- "indexmap 2.0.1",
+ "indexmap 2.9.0",
 "ipnet",
 "itertools 0.10.5",
 "itoa",
@@ -5171,7 +5249,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "rsa",
 "rstest",
 "rustc-hash 1.1.0",
- "rustls 0.23.18",
+ "rustls 0.23.27",
 "rustls-native-certs 0.8.0",
 "rustls-pemfile 2.1.1",
 "scopeguard",
@@ -5190,13 +5268,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio",
 "tokio-postgres",
 "tokio-postgres2",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
 "tokio-tungstenite 0.21.0",
 "tokio-util",
 "tracing",
 "tracing-log",
 "tracing-opentelemetry",
 "tracing-subscriber",
+ "tracing-test",
 "tracing-utils",
 "try-lock",
 "typed-json",
@@ -5413,13 +5492,13 @@ dependencies = [
 "num-bigint",
 "percent-encoding",
 "pin-project-lite",
- "rustls 0.23.18",
+ "rustls 0.23.27",
 "rustls-native-certs 0.8.0",
 "ryu",
 "sha1_smol",
 "socket2",
 "tokio",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
 "tokio-util",
 "url",
 ]
@@ -5867,15 +5946,15 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "rustls"
-version = "0.23.18"
+version = "0.23.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9c9cc1d47e243d655ace55ed38201c19ae02c148ae56412ab8750e8f0166ab7f"
+checksum = "730944ca083c1c233a75c09f199e973ca499344a2b7ba9e755c457e86fb4a321"
 dependencies = [
 "log",
 "once_cell",
 "ring",
 "rustls-pki-types",
- "rustls-webpki 0.102.8",
+ "rustls-webpki 0.103.3",
 "subtle",
 "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -5964,6 +6043,17 @@ dependencies = [
 "untrusted",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "rustls-webpki"
+version = "0.103.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e4a72fe2bcf7a6ac6fd7d0b9e5cb68aeb7d4c0a0271730218b3e92d43b4eb435"
+dependencies = [
+ "ring",
+ "rustls-pki-types",
+ "untrusted",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustversion"
 version = "1.0.12"
@@ -6015,7 +6105,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "regex",
 "remote_storage",
 "reqwest",
- "rustls 0.23.18",
+ "rustls 0.23.27",
 "safekeeper_api",
 "safekeeper_client",
 "scopeguard",
@@ -6032,7 +6122,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio",
 "tokio-io-timeout",
 "tokio-postgres",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
 "tokio-stream",
 "tokio-tar",
 "tokio-util",
@@ -6204,7 +6294,7 @@ checksum = "255914a8e53822abd946e2ce8baa41d4cded6b8e938913b7f7b9da5b7ab44335"
 dependencies = [
 "httpdate",
 "reqwest",
- "rustls 0.23.18",
+ "rustls 0.23.27",
 "sentry-backtrace",
 "sentry-contexts",
 "sentry-core",
@@ -6329,6 +6419,19 @@ dependencies = [
 "syn 2.0.100",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "serde_html_form"
+version = "0.2.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9d2de91cf02bbc07cde38891769ccd5d4f073d22a40683aa4bc7a95781aaa2c4"
+dependencies = [
+ "form_urlencoded",
+ "indexmap 2.9.0",
+ "itoa",
+ "ryu",
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
 version = "1.0.125"
@@ -6385,15 +6488,17 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with"
-version = "2.3.3"
+version = "3.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "07ff71d2c147a7b57362cead5e22f772cd52f6ab31cfcd9edcd7f6aeb2a0afbe"
+checksum = "d6b6f7f2fcb69f747921f79f3926bd1e203fce4fef62c268dd3abfb6d86029aa"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.13.1",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "chrono",
 "hex",
 "indexmap 1.9.3",
+ "indexmap 2.9.0",
 "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
 "serde_json",
 "serde_with_macros",
 "time",
@@ -6401,9 +6506,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with_macros"
-version = "2.3.3"
+version = "3.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "881b6f881b17d13214e5d494c939ebab463d01264ce1811e9d4ac3a882e7695f"
+checksum = "8d00caa5193a3c8362ac2b73be6b9e768aa5a4b2f721d8f4b339600c3cb51f8e"
 dependencies = [
 "darling",
 "proc-macro2",
@@ -6633,11 +6738,11 @@ dependencies = [
 "metrics",
 "once_cell",
 "parking_lot 0.12.1",
- "prost 0.13.3",
- "rustls 0.23.18",
+ "prost 0.13.5",
+ "rustls 0.23.27",
 "tokio",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
- "tonic",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
+ "tonic 0.13.1",
 "tonic-build",
 "tracing",
 "utils",
@@ -6679,7 +6784,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "regex",
 "reqwest",
 "routerify",
- "rustls 0.23.18",
+ "rustls 0.23.27",
 "rustls-native-certs 0.8.0",
 "safekeeper_api",
 "safekeeper_client",
@@ -6694,7 +6799,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio",
 "tokio-postgres",
 "tokio-postgres-rustls",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
 "tokio-util",
 "tracing",
 "utils",
@@ -6732,7 +6837,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "postgres_ffi",
 "remote_storage",
 "reqwest",
- "rustls 0.23.18",
+ "rustls 0.23.27",
 "rustls-native-certs 0.8.0",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
@@ -7266,10 +7371,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "04fb792ccd6bbcd4bba408eb8a292f70fc4a3589e5d793626f45190e6454b6ab"
 dependencies = [
 "ring",
- "rustls 0.23.18",
+ "rustls 0.23.27",
 "tokio",
 "tokio-postgres",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
 "x509-certificate",
 ]

@@ -7313,12 +7418,11 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-rustls"
-version = "0.26.0"
+version = "0.26.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0c7bc40d0e5a97695bb96e27995cd3a08538541b0a846f65bba7a359f36700d4"
+checksum = "8e727b36a1a0e8b74c376ac2211e40c2c8af09fb4013c60d910495810f008e9b"
 dependencies = [
- "rustls 0.23.18",
- "rustls-pki-types",
+ "rustls 0.23.27",
 "tokio",
 ]

@@ -7416,7 +7520,7 @@ version = "0.22.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f21c7aaf97f1bd9ca9d4f9e73b0a6c74bd5afef56f2bc931943a6e1c37e04e38"
 dependencies = [
- "indexmap 2.0.1",
+ "indexmap 2.9.0",
 "serde",
 "serde_spanned",
 "toml_datetime",
@@ -7435,18 +7539,41 @@ dependencies = [
 "http 1.1.0",
 "http-body 1.0.0",
 "http-body-util",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "pin-project",
+ "prost 0.13.5",
+ "tokio-stream",
+ "tower-layer",
+ "tower-service",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tonic"
+version = "0.13.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7e581ba15a835f4d9ea06c55ab1bd4dce26fc53752c69a04aac00703bfb49ba9"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-trait",
+ "axum",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
+ "bytes",
+ "h2 0.4.4",
+ "http 1.1.0",
+ "http-body 1.0.0",
+ "http-body-util",
 "hyper 1.4.1",
 "hyper-timeout",
 "hyper-util",
 "percent-encoding",
 "pin-project",
- "prost 0.13.3",
+ "prost 0.13.5",
 "rustls-native-certs 0.8.0",
- "rustls-pemfile 2.1.1",
+ "socket2",
 "tokio",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
 "tokio-stream",
- "tower 0.4.13",
+ "tower 0.5.2",
 "tower-layer",
 "tower-service",
 "tracing",
@@ -7454,9 +7581,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tonic-build"
-version = "0.12.3"
+version = "0.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9557ce109ea773b399c9b9e5dca39294110b74f1f342cb347a80d1fce8c26a11"
+checksum = "eac6f67be712d12f0b41328db3137e0d0757645d8904b4cb7d51cd9c2279e847"
 dependencies = [
 "prettyplease",
 "proc-macro2",
@@ -7466,6 +7593,19 @@ dependencies = [
 "syn 2.0.100",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "tonic-reflection"
+version = "0.13.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f9687bd5bfeafebdded2356950f278bba8226f0b32109537c4253406e09aafe1"
+dependencies = [
+ "prost 0.13.5",
+ "prost-types 0.13.3",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-stream",
+ "tonic 0.13.1",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tower"
 version = "0.4.13"
@@ -7474,16 +7614,11 @@ checksum = "b8fa9be0de6cf49e536ce1851f987bd21a43b771b09473c3549a6c853db37c1c"
 dependencies = [
 "futures-core",
 "futures-util",
- "indexmap 1.9.3",
 "pin-project",
 "pin-project-lite",
- "rand 0.8.5",
- "slab",
 "tokio",
- "tokio-util",
 "tower-layer",
 "tower-service",
- "tracing",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -7494,9 +7629,12 @@ checksum = "d039ad9159c98b70ecfd540b2573b97f7f52c3e8d9f8ad57a24b916a536975f9"
 dependencies = [
 "futures-core",
 "futures-util",
+ "indexmap 2.9.0",
 "pin-project-lite",
+ "slab",
 "sync_wrapper 1.0.1",
 "tokio",
+ "tokio-util",
 "tower-layer",
 "tower-service",
 "tracing",
@@ -7647,6 +7785,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e8189decb5ac0fa7bc8b96b7cb9b2701d60d48805aca84a238004d665fcc4008"
 dependencies = [
 "matchers",
+ "nu-ansi-term",
 "once_cell",
 "regex",
 "serde",
@@ -7660,6 +7799,27 @@ dependencies = [
 "tracing-serde",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "tracing-test"
+version = "0.2.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "557b891436fe0d5e0e363427fc7f217abf9ccd510d5136549847bdcbcd011d68"
+dependencies = [
+ "tracing-core",
+ "tracing-subscriber",
+ "tracing-test-macro",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tracing-test-macro"
+version = "0.2.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "04659ddb06c87d233c566112c1c9c5b9e98256d9af50ec3bc9c8327f873a7568"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.100",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-utils"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -7802,7 +7962,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "base64 0.22.1",
 "log",
 "once_cell",
- "rustls 0.23.18",
+ "rustls 0.23.27",
 "rustls-pki-types",
 "url",
 "webpki-roots",
@@ -7885,7 +8045,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "humantime",
 "jsonwebtoken",
 "metrics",
- "nix 0.27.1",
+ "nix 0.30.1",
 "once_cell",
 "pem",
 "pin-project-lite",
@@ -7997,7 +8157,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "pageserver_api",
 "postgres_ffi",
 "pprof",
- "prost 0.13.3",
+ "prost 0.13.5",
 "remote_storage",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
@@ -8417,7 +8577,8 @@ dependencies = [
 "ahash",
 "anstream",
 "anyhow",
- "base64 0.13.1",
+ "axum",
+ "axum-core",
 "base64 0.21.7",
 "base64ct",
 "bytes",
@@ -8451,14 +8612,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "hyper 0.14.30",
 "hyper 1.4.1",
 "hyper-util",
- "indexmap 1.9.3",
- "indexmap 2.0.1",
+ "indexmap 2.9.0",
 "itertools 0.12.1",
 "lazy_static",
 "libc",
 "log",
 "memchr",
 "nix 0.26.4",
+ "nix 0.30.1",
 "nom",
 "num",
 "num-bigint",
@@ -8472,16 +8633,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "parquet",
 "prettyplease",
 "proc-macro2",
- "prost 0.13.3",
+ "prost 0.13.5",
 "quote",
 "rand 0.8.5",
 "regex",
 "regex-automata 0.4.3",
 "regex-syntax 0.8.2",
 "reqwest",
- "rustls 0.23.18",
+ "rustls 0.23.27",
 "rustls-pki-types",
- "rustls-webpki 0.102.8",
+ "rustls-webpki 0.103.3",
 "scopeguard",
 "sec1 0.7.3",
 "serde",
@@ -8499,15 +8660,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "time",
 "time-macros",
 "tokio",
- "tokio-rustls 0.26.0",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
 "tokio-stream",
 "tokio-util",
 "toml_edit",
- "tonic",
- "tower 0.4.13",
+ "tower 0.5.2",
 "tracing",
 "tracing-core",
 "tracing-log",
+ "tracing-subscriber",
 "url",
 "uuid",
 "zeroize",
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ members = [
    "pageserver/ctl",
    "pageserver/client",
    "pageserver/pagebench",
+    "pageserver/page_api",
    "proxy",
    "safekeeper",
    "safekeeper/client",
@@ -23,9 +24,11 @@ members = [
    "libs/postgres_ffi",
    "libs/safekeeper_api",
    "libs/desim",
+    "libs/neon-shmem",
    "libs/utils",
    "libs/consumption_metrics",
    "libs/postgres_backend",
+    "libs/posthog_client_lite",
    "libs/pq_proto",
    "libs/tenant_size_model",
    "libs/metrics",
@@ -68,8 +71,8 @@ aws-credential-types = "1.2.0"
 aws-sigv4 = { version = "1.2", features = ["sign-http"] }
 aws-types = "1.3"
 axum = { version = "0.8.1", features = ["ws"] }
-axum-extra = { version = "0.10.0", features = ["typed-header"] }
-base64 = "0.13.0"
+axum-extra = { version = "0.10.0", features = ["typed-header", "query"] }
+base64 = "0.22"
 bincode = "1.3"
 bindgen = "0.71"
 bit_field = "0.10.2"
@@ -126,7 +129,7 @@ md5 = "0.7.0"
 measured = { version = "0.0.22", features=["lasso"] }
 measured-process = { version = "0.0.22" }
 memoffset = "0.9"
-nix = { version = "0.27", features = ["dir", "fs", "process", "socket", "signal", "poll"] }
+nix = { version = "0.30.1", features = ["dir", "fs", "mman", "process", "socket", "signal", "poll"] }
 # Do not update to >= 7.0.0, at least. The update will have a significant impact
 # on compute startup metrics (start_postgres_ms), >= 25% degradation.
 notify = "6.0.0"
@@ -146,7 +149,7 @@ pin-project-lite = "0.2"
 pprof = { version = "0.14", features = ["criterion", "flamegraph", "frame-pointer", "prost-codec"] }
 procfs = "0.16"
 prometheus = {version = "0.13", default-features=false, features = ["process"]} # removes protobuf dependency
-prost = "0.13"
+prost = "0.13.5"
 rand = "0.8"
 redis = { version = "0.29.2", features = ["tokio-rustls-comp", "keep-alive"] }
 regex = "1.10.2"
@@ -168,7 +171,7 @@ sentry = { version = "0.37", default-features = false, features = ["backtrace",
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
 serde_path_to_error = "0.1"
-serde_with = { version = "2.0", features = [ "base64" ] }
+serde_with = { version = "3", features = [ "base64" ] }
 serde_assert = "0.5.0"
 sha2 = "0.10.2"
 signal-hook = "0.3"
@@ -196,7 +199,8 @@ tokio-tar = "0.3"
 tokio-util = { version = "0.7.10", features = ["io", "rt"] }
 toml = "0.8"
 toml_edit = "0.22"
-tonic = {version = "0.12.3", default-features = false, features = ["channel", "tls", "tls-roots"]}
+tonic = { version = "0.13.1", default-features = false, features = ["channel", "codegen", "prost", "router", "server", "tls-ring", "tls-native-roots"] }
+tonic-reflection = { version = "0.13.1", features = ["server"] }
 tower = { version = "0.5.2", default-features = false }
 tower-http = { version = "0.6.2", features = ["auth", "request-id", "trace"] }

@@ -243,6 +247,7 @@ azure_storage_blobs = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/azure-sdk-for-rus
 ## Local libraries
 compute_api = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/compute_api/" }
 consumption_metrics = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/consumption_metrics/" }
+desim = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/desim" }
 endpoint_storage = { version = "0.0.1", path = "./endpoint_storage/" }
 http-utils = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/http-utils/" }
 metrics = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/metrics/" }
@@ -250,23 +255,24 @@ pageserver = { path = "./pageserver" }
 pageserver_api = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/pageserver_api/" }
 pageserver_client = { path = "./pageserver/client" }
 pageserver_compaction = { version = "0.1", path = "./pageserver/compaction/" }
+pageserver_page_api = { path = "./pageserver/page_api" }
 postgres_backend = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/postgres_backend/" }
 postgres_connection = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/postgres_connection/" }
 postgres_ffi = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/postgres_ffi/" }
 postgres_initdb = { path = "./libs/postgres_initdb" }
+posthog_client_lite = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/posthog_client_lite" }
 pq_proto = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/pq_proto/" }
 remote_storage = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/remote_storage/" }
 safekeeper_api = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/safekeeper_api" }
 safekeeper_client = { path = "./safekeeper/client" }
-desim = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/desim" }
 storage_broker = { version = "0.1", path = "./storage_broker/" } # Note: main broker code is inside the binary crate, so linking with the library shouldn't be heavy.
 storage_controller_client = { path = "./storage_controller/client" }
 tenant_size_model = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/tenant_size_model/" }
 tracing-utils = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/tracing-utils/" }
 utils = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/utils/" }
 vm_monitor = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/vm_monitor/" }
-walproposer = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/walproposer/" }
 wal_decoder = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/wal_decoder" }
+walproposer = { version = "0.1", path = "./libs/walproposer/" }

 ## Common library dependency
 workspace_hack = { version = "0.1", path = "./workspace_hack/" }
@@ -276,7 +282,7 @@ criterion = "0.5.1"
 rcgen = "0.13"
 rstest = "0.18"
 camino-tempfile = "1.0.2"
-tonic-build = "0.12"
+tonic-build = "0.13.1"

 [patch.crates-io]

--- a/13
+++ b/13
@@ -110,6 +110,19 @@ RUN set -e \
 	# System postgres for use with client libraries (e.g. in storage controller)
        postgresql-15 \
        openssl \
+        unzip \
+        curl \
+    && ARCH=$(uname -m) \
+    && if [ "$ARCH" = "x86_64" ]; then \
+        curl "https://awscli.amazonaws.com/awscli-exe-linux-x86_64.zip" -o "awscliv2.zip"; \
+    elif [ "$ARCH" = "aarch64" ]; then \
+        curl "https://awscli.amazonaws.com/awscli-exe-linux-aarch64.zip" -o "awscliv2.zip"; \
+    else \
+        echo "Unsupported architecture: $ARCH" && exit 1; \
+    fi \
+    && unzip awscliv2.zip \
+    && ./aws/install \
+    && rm -rf aws awscliv2.zip \
    && rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80-retries \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \
    && useradd -d /data neon \
--- a/build-tools.Dockerfile
+++ b/build-tools.Dockerfile
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ RUN set -e \

 # Keep the version the same as in compute/compute-node.Dockerfile and
 # test_runner/regress/test_compute_metrics.py.
-ENV SQL_EXPORTER_VERSION=0.17.0
+ENV SQL_EXPORTER_VERSION=0.17.3
 RUN curl -fsSL \
    "https://github.com/burningalchemist/sql_exporter/releases/download/${SQL_EXPORTER_VERSION}/sql_exporter-${SQL_EXPORTER_VERSION}.linux-$(case "$(uname -m)" in x86_64) echo amd64;; aarch64) echo arm64;; esac).tar.gz" \
    --output sql_exporter.tar.gz \
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ WORKDIR /home/nonroot

 # Rust
 # Please keep the version of llvm (installed above) in sync with rust llvm (`rustc --version --verbose | grep LLVM`)
-ENV RUSTC_VERSION=1.86.0
+ENV RUSTC_VERSION=1.87.0
 ENV RUSTUP_HOME="/home/nonroot/.rustup"
 ENV PATH="/home/nonroot/.cargo/bin:${PATH}"
 ARG RUSTFILT_VERSION=0.2.1
@@ -310,13 +310,13 @@ RUN curl -sSO https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup/dist/$(uname -m)-unknown-linux
    . "$HOME/.cargo/env" && \
    cargo --version && rustup --version && \
    rustup component add llvm-tools rustfmt clippy && \
-    cargo install rustfilt            --version ${RUSTFILT_VERSION} && \
-    cargo install cargo-hakari        --version ${CARGO_HAKARI_VERSION} && \
-    cargo install cargo-deny --locked --version ${CARGO_DENY_VERSION} && \
-    cargo install cargo-hack          --version ${CARGO_HACK_VERSION} && \
-    cargo install cargo-nextest       --version ${CARGO_NEXTEST_VERSION} && \
-    cargo install cargo-chef --locked --version ${CARGO_CHEF_VERSION} && \
-    cargo install diesel_cli          --version ${CARGO_DIESEL_CLI_VERSION} \
+    cargo install rustfilt            --version ${RUSTFILT_VERSION} --locked && \
+    cargo install cargo-hakari        --version ${CARGO_HAKARI_VERSION} --locked && \
+    cargo install cargo-deny          --version ${CARGO_DENY_VERSION} --locked && \
+    cargo install cargo-hack          --version ${CARGO_HACK_VERSION} --locked && \
+    cargo install cargo-nextest       --version ${CARGO_NEXTEST_VERSION} --locked && \
+    cargo install cargo-chef          --version ${CARGO_CHEF_VERSION} --locked && \
+    cargo install diesel_cli          --version ${CARGO_DIESEL_CLI_VERSION} --locked \
                                      --features postgres-bundled --no-default-features && \
    rm -rf /home/nonroot/.cargo/registry && \
    rm -rf /home/nonroot/.cargo/git
--- a/compute/compute-node.Dockerfile
+++ b/compute/compute-node.Dockerfile
@@ -297,6 +297,7 @@ RUN ./autogen.sh && \
    ./configure --with-sfcgal=/usr/local/bin/sfcgal-config && \
    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) install && \
+    make staged-install && \
    cd extensions/postgis && \
    make clean && \
    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) install && \
@@ -582,6 +583,38 @@ RUN make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) install && \
    echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/hypopg.control

+#########################################################################################
+#
+# Layer "online_advisor-build"
+# compile online_advisor extension
+#
+#########################################################################################
+FROM build-deps AS online_advisor-src
+ARG PG_VERSION
+
+# online_advisor supports all Postgres version starting from PG14, but prior to PG17 has to be included in preload_shared_libraries
+# last release 1.0 - May 15, 2025
+WORKDIR /ext-src
+RUN case "${PG_VERSION:?}" in \
+    "v17") \
+        ;; \
+    *) \
+        echo "skipping the version of online_advistor for $PG_VERSION" && exit 0 \
+        ;; \
+    esac && \
+	wget https://github.com/knizhnik/online_advisor/archive/refs/tags/1.0.tar.gz -O online_advisor.tar.gz && \
+    echo "37dcadf8f7cc8d6cc1f8831276ee245b44f1b0274f09e511e47a67738ba9ed0f online_advisor.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check && \
+    mkdir online_advisor-src && cd online_advisor-src && tar xzf ../online_advisor.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C .
+
+FROM pg-build AS online_advisor-build
+COPY --from=online_advisor-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
+WORKDIR /ext-src/
+RUN if [ -d online_advisor-src ]; then \
+	    cd online_advisor-src && \
+        make -j install && \
+        echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/online_advisor.control; \
+    fi
+
 #########################################################################################
 #
 # Layer "pg_hashids-build"
@@ -1117,8 +1150,8 @@ RUN wget https://github.com/microsoft/onnxruntime/archive/refs/tags/v1.18.1.tar.
    mkdir onnxruntime-src && cd onnxruntime-src && tar xzf ../onnxruntime.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C . && \
    echo "#nothing to test here" > neon-test.sh

-RUN wget https://github.com/neondatabase-labs/pgrag/archive/refs/tags/v0.1.1.tar.gz -O pgrag.tar.gz &&  \
-    echo "087b2ecd11ba307dc968042ef2e9e43dc04d9ba60e8306e882c407bbe1350a50 pgrag.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check && \
+RUN wget https://github.com/neondatabase-labs/pgrag/archive/refs/tags/v0.1.2.tar.gz -O pgrag.tar.gz &&  \
+    echo "7361654ea24f08cbb9db13c2ee1c0fe008f6114076401bb871619690dafc5225 pgrag.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check && \
    mkdir pgrag-src && cd pgrag-src && tar xzf ../pgrag.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C .

 FROM rust-extensions-build-pgrx14 AS pgrag-build
@@ -1148,14 +1181,14 @@ RUN cd exts/rag && \
 RUN cd exts/rag_bge_small_en_v15 && \
    sed -i 's/pgrx = "0.14.1"/pgrx = { version = "0.14.1", features = [ "unsafe-postgres" ] }/g' Cargo.toml && \
    ORT_LIB_LOCATION=/ext-src/onnxruntime-src/build/Linux \
-        REMOTE_ONNX_URL=http://pg-ext-s3-gateway/pgrag-data/bge_small_en_v15.onnx \
+        REMOTE_ONNX_URL=http://pg-ext-s3-gateway.pg-ext-s3-gateway.svc.cluster.local/pgrag-data/bge_small_en_v15.onnx \
        cargo pgrx install --release --features remote_onnx && \
    echo "trusted = true" >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/rag_bge_small_en_v15.control

 RUN cd exts/rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en && \
    sed -i 's/pgrx = "0.14.1"/pgrx = { version = "0.14.1", features = [ "unsafe-postgres" ] }/g' Cargo.toml && \
    ORT_LIB_LOCATION=/ext-src/onnxruntime-src/build/Linux \
-        REMOTE_ONNX_URL=http://pg-ext-s3-gateway/pgrag-data/jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en.onnx \
+        REMOTE_ONNX_URL=http://pg-ext-s3-gateway.pg-ext-s3-gateway.svc.cluster.local/pgrag-data/jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en.onnx \
        cargo pgrx install --release --features remote_onnx && \
    echo "trusted = true" >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en.control

@@ -1648,6 +1681,7 @@ COPY --from=pg_jsonschema-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=pg_graphql-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=pg_tiktoken-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=hypopg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
+COPY --from=online_advisor-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=pg_hashids-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=rum-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=pgtap-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
@@ -1751,17 +1785,17 @@ ARG TARGETARCH
 RUN if [ "$TARGETARCH" = "amd64" ]; then\
        postgres_exporter_sha256='59aa4a7bb0f7d361f5e05732f5ed8c03cc08f78449cef5856eadec33a627694b';\
        pgbouncer_exporter_sha256='c9f7cf8dcff44f0472057e9bf52613d93f3ffbc381ad7547a959daa63c5e84ac';\
-        sql_exporter_sha256='38e439732bbf6e28ca4a94d7bc3686d3fa1abdb0050773d5617a9efdb9e64d08';\
+        sql_exporter_sha256='9a41127a493e8bfebfe692bf78c7ed2872a58a3f961ee534d1b0da9ae584aaab';\
    else\
        postgres_exporter_sha256='d1dedea97f56c6d965837bfd1fbb3e35a3b4a4556f8cccee8bd513d8ee086124';\
        pgbouncer_exporter_sha256='217c4afd7e6492ae904055bc14fe603552cf9bac458c063407e991d68c519da3';\
-        sql_exporter_sha256='11918b00be6e2c3a67564adfdb2414fdcbb15a5db76ea17d1d1a944237a893c6';\
+        sql_exporter_sha256='530e6afc77c043497ed965532c4c9dfa873bc2a4f0b3047fad367715c0081d6a';\
    fi\
    && curl -sL https://github.com/prometheus-community/postgres_exporter/releases/download/v0.17.1/postgres_exporter-0.17.1.linux-${TARGETARCH}.tar.gz\
     | tar xzf - --strip-components=1 -C.\
    && curl -sL https://github.com/prometheus-community/pgbouncer_exporter/releases/download/v0.10.2/pgbouncer_exporter-0.10.2.linux-${TARGETARCH}.tar.gz\
     | tar xzf - --strip-components=1 -C.\
-    && curl -sL https://github.com/burningalchemist/sql_exporter/releases/download/0.17.0/sql_exporter-0.17.0.linux-${TARGETARCH}.tar.gz\
+    && curl -sL https://github.com/burningalchemist/sql_exporter/releases/download/0.17.3/sql_exporter-0.17.3.linux-${TARGETARCH}.tar.gz\
     | tar xzf - --strip-components=1 -C.\
    && echo "${postgres_exporter_sha256} postgres_exporter" | sha256sum -c -\
    && echo "${pgbouncer_exporter_sha256} pgbouncer_exporter" | sha256sum -c -\
@@ -1809,12 +1843,27 @@ RUN make PG_VERSION="${PG_VERSION:?}" -C compute

 FROM pg-build AS extension-tests
 ARG PG_VERSION
+# This is required for the PostGIS test
+RUN apt-get update && case $DEBIAN_VERSION in \
+      bullseye) \
+        apt-get install -y libproj19 libgdal28 time; \
+      ;; \
+      bookworm) \
+        apt-get install -y libgdal32 libproj25 time; \
+      ;; \
+      *) \
+        echo "Unknown Debian version ${DEBIAN_VERSION}" && exit 1 \
+      ;; \
+    esac
+
 COPY docker-compose/ext-src/ /ext-src/

 COPY --from=pg-build /postgres /postgres
-#COPY --from=postgis-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
+COPY --from=postgis-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
+COPY --from=postgis-build /ext-src/postgis-src /ext-src/postgis-src
+COPY --from=postgis-build /sfcgal/* /usr
 COPY --from=plv8-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
-#COPY --from=h3-pg-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
+COPY --from=h3-pg-src /ext-src/h3-pg-src /ext-src/h3-pg-src
 COPY --from=postgresql-unit-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=pgvector-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=pgjwt-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
@@ -1823,6 +1872,7 @@ COPY --from=pgjwt-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=pg_graphql-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 #COPY --from=pg_tiktoken-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=hypopg-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
+COPY --from=online_advisor-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=pg_hashids-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=rum-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
 COPY --from=pgtap-src /ext-src/ /ext-src/
@@ -1852,6 +1902,7 @@ COPY compute/patches/pg_repack.patch /ext-src
 RUN cd /ext-src/pg_repack-src && patch -p1 </ext-src/pg_repack.patch && rm -f /ext-src/pg_repack.patch

 COPY --chmod=755 docker-compose/run-tests.sh /run-tests.sh
+RUN echo /usr/local/pgsql/lib > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-neon.conf && /sbin/ldconfig
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y libtap-parser-sourcehandler-pgtap-perl jq \
   && apt clean && rm -rf /ext-src/*.tar.gz /ext-src/*.patch /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH
@@ -1971,7 +2022,8 @@ COPY --from=sql_exporter_preprocessor --chmod=0644 /home/nonroot/compute/etc/sql
 COPY --from=sql_exporter_preprocessor --chmod=0644 /home/nonroot/compute/etc/neon_collector_autoscaling.yml /etc/neon_collector_autoscaling.yml

 # Make the libraries we built available
-RUN echo '/usr/local/lib' >> /etc/ld.so.conf && /sbin/ldconfig
+COPY --chmod=0666 compute/etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-neon.conf /etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-neon.conf
+RUN /sbin/ldconfig

 # rsyslog config permissions
 # directory for rsyslogd pid file
--- a/compute/etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-neon.conf
+++ b/compute/etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-neon.conf
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/usr/local/lib
--- a/compute/manifest.yaml
+++ b/compute/manifest.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+pg_settings:
+  # Common settings for primaries and replicas of all versions.
+  common:
+    # Check for client disconnection every 1 minute. By default, Postgres will detect the
+    # loss of the connection only at the next interaction with the socket, when it waits
+    # for, receives or sends data, so it will likely waste resources till the end of the
+    # query execution. There should be no drawbacks in setting this for everyone, so enable
+    # it by default. If anyone will complain, we can allow editing it.
+    # https://www.postgresql.org/docs/16/runtime-config-connection.html#GUC-CLIENT-CONNECTION-CHECK-INTERVAL
+    client_connection_check_interval: "60000" # 1 minute
+    # ---- IO ---- 
+    effective_io_concurrency: "20"
+    maintenance_io_concurrency: "100"
+    fsync: "off"
+    hot_standby: "off"
+    # We allow users to change this if needed, but by default we
+    # just don't want to see long-lasting idle transactions, as they
+    # prevent activity monitor from suspending projects.
+    idle_in_transaction_session_timeout: "300000" # 5 minutes
+    listen_addresses: "*"
+    # --- LOGGING ---- helps investigations
+    log_connections: "on"
+    log_disconnections: "on"
+    # 1GB, unit is KB
+    log_temp_files: "1048576"
+    # Disable dumping customer data to logs, both to increase data privacy
+    # and to reduce the amount the logs.
+    log_error_verbosity: "terse"
+    log_min_error_statement: "panic"
+    max_connections: "100"
+    # --- WAL ---
+    # - flush lag is the max amount of WAL that has been generated but not yet stored
+    # to disk in the page server. A smaller value means less delay after a pageserver
+    # restart, but if you set it too small you might again need to slow down writes if the
+    # pageserver cannot flush incoming WAL to disk fast enough. This must be larger
+    # than the pageserver's checkpoint interval, currently 1 GB! Otherwise you get a
+    # a deadlock where the compute node refuses to generate more WAL before the
+    # old WAL has been uploaded to S3, but the pageserver is waiting for more WAL
+    # to be generated before it is uploaded to S3.
+    max_replication_flush_lag: "10GB"
+    max_replication_slots: "10"
+    # Backpressure configuration:
+    # - write lag is the max amount of WAL that has been generated by Postgres but not yet
+    # processed by the page server. Making this smaller reduces the worst case latency
+    # of a GetPage request, if you request a page that was recently modified. On the other
+    # hand, if this is too small, the compute node might need to wait on a write if there is a
+    # hiccup in the network or page server so that the page server has temporarily fallen
+    # behind.
+    #
+    # Previously it was set to 500 MB, but it caused compute being unresponsive under load
+    # https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/2028
+    max_replication_write_lag: "500MB"
+    max_wal_senders: "10"
+    # A Postgres checkpoint is cheap in storage, as doesn't involve any significant amount
+    # of real I/O. Only the SLRU buffers and some other small files are flushed to disk.
+    # However, as long as we have full_page_writes=on, page updates after a checkpoint
+    # include full-page images which bloats the WAL. So may want to bump max_wal_size to
+    # reduce the WAL bloating, but at the same it will increase pg_wal directory size on
+    # compute and can lead to out of disk error on k8s nodes.
+    max_wal_size: "1024"
+    wal_keep_size: "0"
+    wal_level: "replica"
+    # Reduce amount of WAL generated by default.
+    wal_log_hints: "off"
+    # - without wal_sender_timeout set we don't get feedback messages,
+    # required for backpressure.
+    wal_sender_timeout: "10000"
+    # We have some experimental extensions, which we don't want users to install unconsciously.
+    # To install them, users would need to set the `neon.allow_unstable_extensions` setting.
+    # There are two of them currently:
+    # - `pgrag` - https://github.com/neondatabase-labs/pgrag - extension is actually called just `rag`,
+    #                                                          and two dependencies:
+    #                                                          - `rag_bge_small_en_v15`
+    #                                                          - `rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en`
+    # - `pg_mooncake` - https://github.com/Mooncake-Labs/pg_mooncake/  
+    neon.unstable_extensions: "rag,rag_bge_small_en_v15,rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en,pg_mooncake,anon"
+    neon.protocol_version: "3"
+    password_encryption: "scram-sha-256"
+    # This is important to prevent Postgres from trying to perform
+    # a local WAL redo after backend crash. It should exit and let
+    # the systemd or k8s to do a fresh startup with compute_ctl.
+    restart_after_crash: "off"
+    # By default 3. We have the following persistent connections in the VM:
+    # * compute_activity_monitor (from compute_ctl)
+    # * postgres-exporter (metrics collector; it has 2 connections)
+    # * sql_exporter (metrics collector; we have 2 instances [1 for us & users; 1 for autoscaling])
+    # * vm-monitor (to query & change file cache size)
+    # i.e. total of 6. Let's reserve 7, so there's still at least one left over.
+    superuser_reserved_connections: "7"
+    synchronous_standby_names: "walproposer"
+
+  replica:
+    hot_standby: "on"
+
+  per_version:
+    17:
+      common:
+        # PostgreSQL 17 has a new IO system called "read stream", which can combine IOs up to some
+        # size. It still has some issues with readahead, though, so we default to disabled/
+        # "no combining of IOs" to make sure we get the maximum prefetch depth.
+        # See also: https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/9860
+        io_combine_limit: "1"
+      replica:
+        # prefetching of blocks referenced in WAL doesn't make sense for us
+        # Neon hot standby ignores pages that are not in the shared_buffers
+        recovery_prefetch: "off"
+    16:
+      common:
+      replica:
+        # prefetching of blocks referenced in WAL doesn't make sense for us
+        # Neon hot standby ignores pages that are not in the shared_buffers
+        recovery_prefetch: "off"
+    15:
+      common:
+      replica:
+        # prefetching of blocks referenced in WAL doesn't make sense for us
+        # Neon hot standby ignores pages that are not in the shared_buffers
+        recovery_prefetch: "off"
+    14:
+      common:
+      replica:
--- a/compute/patches/rum.patch
+++ b/compute/patches/rum.patch
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ index 255e616..1c6edb7 100644
 			 RelationGetRelationName(index));
 
 +#ifdef NEON_SMGR
-+	smgr_start_unlogged_build(index->rd_smgr);
+	smgr_start_unlogged_build(RelationGetSmgr(index));
 +#endif
 +
 	initRumState(&buildstate.rumstate, index);
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ index 255e616..1c6edb7 100644
 	rumUpdateStats(index, &buildstate.buildStats, buildstate.rumstate.isBuild);
 
 +#ifdef NEON_SMGR
-+	smgr_finish_unlogged_build_phase_1(index->rd_smgr);
+	smgr_finish_unlogged_build_phase_1(RelationGetSmgr(index));
 +#endif
 +
 	/*
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ index 255e616..1c6edb7 100644
 	}
 
 +#ifdef NEON_SMGR
-+	smgr_end_unlogged_build(index->rd_smgr);
+	smgr_end_unlogged_build(RelationGetSmgr(index));
 +#endif
 +
 	/*
--- a/compute_tools/src/bin/compute_ctl.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/bin/compute_ctl.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ use std::sync::mpsc;
 use std::thread;
 use std::time::Duration;

-use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};
 use clap::Parser;
 use compute_api::responses::ComputeConfig;
 use compute_tools::compute::{
@@ -57,31 +57,15 @@ use tracing::{error, info};
 use url::Url;
 use utils::failpoint_support;

-// Compatibility hack: if the control plane specified any remote-ext-config
-// use the default value for extension storage proxy gateway.
-// Remove this once the control plane is updated to pass the gateway URL
-fn parse_remote_ext_base_url(arg: &str) -> Result<String> {
-    const FALLBACK_PG_EXT_GATEWAY_BASE_URL: &str =
-        "http://pg-ext-s3-gateway.pg-ext-s3-gateway.svc.cluster.local";
-
-    Ok(if arg.starts_with("http") {
-        arg
-    } else {
-        FALLBACK_PG_EXT_GATEWAY_BASE_URL
-    }
-    .to_owned())
-}
-
-#[derive(Parser)]
+#[derive(Debug, Parser)]
 #[command(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
 struct Cli {
    #[arg(short = 'b', long, default_value = "postgres", env = "POSTGRES_PATH")]
    pub pgbin: String,

    /// The base URL for the remote extension storage proxy gateway.
-    /// Should be in the form of `http(s)://<gateway-hostname>[:<port>]`.
-    #[arg(short = 'r', long, value_parser = parse_remote_ext_base_url, alias = "remote-ext-config")]
-    pub remote_ext_base_url: Option<String>,
+    #[arg(short = 'r', long, value_parser = Self::parse_remote_ext_base_url)]
+    pub remote_ext_base_url: Option<Url>,

    /// The port to bind the external listening HTTP server to. Clients running
    /// outside the compute will talk to the compute through this port. Keep
@@ -136,6 +120,29 @@ struct Cli {
        requires = "compute-id"
    )]
    pub control_plane_uri: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Interval in seconds for collecting installed extensions statistics
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "3600")]
+    pub installed_extensions_collection_interval: u64,
+}
+
+impl Cli {
+    /// Parse a URL from an argument. By default, this isn't necessary, but we
+    /// want to do some sanity checking.
+    fn parse_remote_ext_base_url(value: &str) -> Result<Url> {
+        // Remove extra trailing slashes, and add one. We use Url::join() later
+        // when downloading remote extensions. If the base URL is something like
+        // http://example.com/pg-ext-s3-gateway, and join() is called with
+        // something like "xyz", the resulting URL is http://example.com/xyz.
+        let value = value.trim_end_matches('/').to_owned() + "/";
+        let url = Url::parse(&value)?;
+
+        if url.query_pairs().count() != 0 {
+            bail!("parameters detected in remote extensions base URL")
+        }
+
+        Ok(url)
+    }
 }

 fn main() -> Result<()> {
@@ -179,6 +186,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
            cgroup: cli.cgroup,
            #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
            vm_monitor_addr: cli.vm_monitor_addr,
+            installed_extensions_collection_interval: cli.installed_extensions_collection_interval,
        },
        config,
    )?;
@@ -263,7 +271,8 @@ fn handle_exit_signal(sig: i32) {

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-    use clap::CommandFactory;
+    use clap::{CommandFactory, Parser};
+    use url::Url;

    use super::Cli;

@@ -273,16 +282,41 @@ mod test {
    }

    #[test]
-    fn parse_pg_ext_gateway_base_url() {
-        let arg = "http://pg-ext-s3-gateway2";
-        let result = super::parse_remote_ext_base_url(arg).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(result, arg);
-
-        let arg = "pg-ext-s3-gateway";
-        let result = super::parse_remote_ext_base_url(arg).unwrap();
+    fn verify_remote_ext_base_url() {
+        let cli = Cli::parse_from([
+            "compute_ctl",
+            "--pgdata=test",
+            "--connstr=test",
+            "--compute-id=test",
+            "--remote-ext-base-url",
+            "https://example.com/subpath",
+        ]);
        assert_eq!(
-            result,
-            "http://pg-ext-s3-gateway.pg-ext-s3-gateway.svc.cluster.local"
+            cli.remote_ext_base_url.unwrap(),
+            Url::parse("https://example.com/subpath/").unwrap()
        );
+
+        let cli = Cli::parse_from([
+            "compute_ctl",
+            "--pgdata=test",
+            "--connstr=test",
+            "--compute-id=test",
+            "--remote-ext-base-url",
+            "https://example.com//",
+        ]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            cli.remote_ext_base_url.unwrap(),
+            Url::parse("https://example.com").unwrap()
+        );
+
+        Cli::try_parse_from([
+            "compute_ctl",
+            "--pgdata=test",
+            "--connstr=test",
+            "--compute-id=test",
+            "--remote-ext-base-url",
+            "https://example.com?hello=world",
+        ])
+        .expect_err("URL parameters are not allowed");
    }
 }
--- a/compute_tools/src/bin/fast_import.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/bin/fast_import.rs
@@ -339,6 +339,8 @@ async fn run_dump_restore(
    destination_connstring: String,
 ) -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
    let dumpdir = workdir.join("dumpdir");
+    let num_jobs = num_cpus::get().to_string();
+    info!("using {num_jobs} jobs for dump/restore");

    let common_args = [
        // schema mapping (prob suffices to specify them on one side)
@@ -354,7 +356,7 @@ async fn run_dump_restore(
        "directory".to_string(),
        // concurrency
        "--jobs".to_string(),
-        num_cpus::get().to_string(),
+        num_jobs,
        // progress updates
        "--verbose".to_string(),
    ];
--- a/compute_tools/src/compute.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/compute.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use compute_api::privilege::Privilege;
 use compute_api::responses::{
    ComputeConfig, ComputeCtlConfig, ComputeMetrics, ComputeStatus, LfcOffloadState,
-    LfcPrewarmState,
+    LfcPrewarmState, TlsConfig,
 };
 use compute_api::spec::{
    ComputeAudit, ComputeFeature, ComputeMode, ComputeSpec, ExtVersion, PgIdent,
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 use std::{env, fs};
 use tokio::spawn;
 use tracing::{Instrument, debug, error, info, instrument, warn};
+use url::Url;
 use utils::id::{TenantId, TimelineId};
 use utils::lsn::Lsn;
 use utils::measured_stream::MeasuredReader;
@@ -96,7 +97,10 @@ pub struct ComputeNodeParams {
    pub internal_http_port: u16,

    /// the address of extension storage proxy gateway
-    pub remote_ext_base_url: Option<String>,
+    pub remote_ext_base_url: Option<Url>,
+
+    /// Interval for installed extensions collection
+    pub installed_extensions_collection_interval: u64,
 }

 /// Compute node info shared across several `compute_ctl` threads.
@@ -392,7 +396,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
        // because QEMU will already have its memory allocated from the host, and
        // the necessary binaries will already be cached.
        if cli_spec.is_none() {
-            this.prewarm_postgres()?;
+            this.prewarm_postgres_vm_memory()?;
        }

        // Set the up metric with Empty status before starting the HTTP server.
@@ -599,6 +603,8 @@ impl ComputeNode {
            });
        }

+        let tls_config = self.tls_config(&pspec.spec);
+
        // If there are any remote extensions in shared_preload_libraries, start downloading them
        if pspec.spec.remote_extensions.is_some() {
            let (this, spec) = (self.clone(), pspec.spec.clone());
@@ -655,7 +661,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
            info!("tuning pgbouncer");

            let pgbouncer_settings = pgbouncer_settings.clone();
-            let tls_config = self.compute_ctl_config.tls.clone();
+            let tls_config = tls_config.clone();

            // Spawn a background task to do the tuning,
            // so that we don't block the main thread that starts Postgres.
@@ -674,7 +680,10 @@ impl ComputeNode {

            // Spawn a background task to do the configuration,
            // so that we don't block the main thread that starts Postgres.
-            let local_proxy = local_proxy.clone();
+
+            let mut local_proxy = local_proxy.clone();
+            local_proxy.tls = tls_config.clone();
+
            let _handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
                if let Err(err) = local_proxy::configure(&local_proxy) {
                    error!("error while configuring local_proxy: {err:?}");
@@ -695,25 +704,18 @@ impl ComputeNode {
                let log_directory_path = Path::new(&self.params.pgdata).join("log");
                let log_directory_path = log_directory_path.to_string_lossy().to_string();

-                // Add project_id,endpoint_id tag to identify the logs.
+                // Add project_id,endpoint_id to identify the logs.
                //
                // These ids are passed from cplane,
-                // for backwards compatibility (old computes that don't have them),
-                // we set them to None.
-                // TODO: Clean up this code when all computes have them.
-                let tag: Option<String> = match (
-                    pspec.spec.project_id.as_deref(),
-                    pspec.spec.endpoint_id.as_deref(),
-                ) {
-                    (Some(project_id), Some(endpoint_id)) => {
-                        Some(format!("{project_id}/{endpoint_id}"))
-                    }
-                    (Some(project_id), None) => Some(format!("{project_id}/None")),
-                    (None, Some(endpoint_id)) => Some(format!("None,{endpoint_id}")),
-                    (None, None) => None,
-                };
+                let endpoint_id = pspec.spec.endpoint_id.as_deref().unwrap_or("");
+                let project_id = pspec.spec.project_id.as_deref().unwrap_or("");

-                configure_audit_rsyslog(log_directory_path.clone(), tag, &remote_endpoint)?;
+                configure_audit_rsyslog(
+                    log_directory_path.clone(),
+                    endpoint_id,
+                    project_id,
+                    &remote_endpoint,
+                )?;

                // Launch a background task to clean up the audit logs
                launch_pgaudit_gc(log_directory_path);
@@ -749,17 +751,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {

            let conf = self.get_tokio_conn_conf(None);
            tokio::task::spawn(async {
-                let res = get_installed_extensions(conf).await;
-                match res {
-                    Ok(extensions) => {
-                        info!(
-                            "[NEON_EXT_STAT] {}",
-                            serde_json::to_string(&extensions)
-                                .expect("failed to serialize extensions list")
-                        );
-                    }
-                    Err(err) => error!("could not get installed extensions: {err:?}"),
-                }
+                let _ = installed_extensions(conf).await;
            });
        }

@@ -789,8 +781,11 @@ impl ComputeNode {
        // Log metrics so that we can search for slow operations in logs
        info!(?metrics, postmaster_pid = %postmaster_pid, "compute start finished");

-        if pspec.spec.prewarm_lfc_on_startup {
-            self.prewarm_lfc();
+        // Spawn the extension stats background task
+        self.spawn_extension_stats_task();
+
+        if pspec.spec.autoprewarm {
+            self.prewarm_lfc(None);
        }
        Ok(())
    }
@@ -1215,13 +1210,15 @@ impl ComputeNode {
        let spec = &pspec.spec;
        let pgdata_path = Path::new(&self.params.pgdata);

+        let tls_config = self.tls_config(&pspec.spec);
+
        // Remove/create an empty pgdata directory and put configuration there.
        self.create_pgdata()?;
        config::write_postgres_conf(
            pgdata_path,
            &pspec.spec,
            self.params.internal_http_port,
-            &self.compute_ctl_config.tls,
+            tls_config,
        )?;

        // Syncing safekeepers is only safe with primary nodes: if a primary
@@ -1317,8 +1314,8 @@ impl ComputeNode {
    }

    /// Start and stop a postgres process to warm up the VM for startup.
-    pub fn prewarm_postgres(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        info!("prewarming");
+    pub fn prewarm_postgres_vm_memory(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        info!("prewarming VM memory");

        // Create pgdata
        let pgdata = &format!("{}.warmup", self.params.pgdata);
@@ -1360,7 +1357,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
        kill(pm_pid, Signal::SIGQUIT)?;
        info!("sent SIGQUIT signal");
        pg.wait()?;
-        info!("done prewarming");
+        info!("done prewarming vm memory");

        // clean up
        let _ok = fs::remove_dir_all(pgdata);
@@ -1546,14 +1543,22 @@ impl ComputeNode {
                .clone(),
        );

+        let mut tls_config = None::<TlsConfig>;
+        if spec.features.contains(&ComputeFeature::TlsExperimental) {
+            tls_config = self.compute_ctl_config.tls.clone();
+        }
+
        let max_concurrent_connections = self.max_service_connections(compute_state, &spec);

        // Merge-apply spec & changes to PostgreSQL state.
        self.apply_spec_sql(spec.clone(), conf.clone(), max_concurrent_connections)?;

        if let Some(local_proxy) = &spec.clone().local_proxy_config {
+            let mut local_proxy = local_proxy.clone();
+            local_proxy.tls = tls_config.clone();
+
            info!("configuring local_proxy");
-            local_proxy::configure(local_proxy).context("apply_config local_proxy")?;
+            local_proxy::configure(&local_proxy).context("apply_config local_proxy")?;
        }

        // Run migrations separately to not hold up cold starts
@@ -1605,11 +1610,13 @@ impl ComputeNode {
    pub fn reconfigure(&self) -> Result<()> {
        let spec = self.state.lock().unwrap().pspec.clone().unwrap().spec;

+        let tls_config = self.tls_config(&spec);
+
        if let Some(ref pgbouncer_settings) = spec.pgbouncer_settings {
            info!("tuning pgbouncer");

            let pgbouncer_settings = pgbouncer_settings.clone();
-            let tls_config = self.compute_ctl_config.tls.clone();
+            let tls_config = tls_config.clone();

            // Spawn a background task to do the tuning,
            // so that we don't block the main thread that starts Postgres.
@@ -1627,7 +1634,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
            // Spawn a background task to do the configuration,
            // so that we don't block the main thread that starts Postgres.
            let mut local_proxy = local_proxy.clone();
-            local_proxy.tls = self.compute_ctl_config.tls.clone();
+            local_proxy.tls = tls_config.clone();
            tokio::spawn(async move {
                if let Err(err) = local_proxy::configure(&local_proxy) {
                    error!("error while configuring local_proxy: {err:?}");
@@ -1645,7 +1652,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
            pgdata_path,
            &spec,
            self.params.internal_http_port,
-            &self.compute_ctl_config.tls,
+            tls_config,
        )?;

        if !spec.skip_pg_catalog_updates {
@@ -1765,6 +1772,14 @@ impl ComputeNode {
        }
    }

+    pub fn tls_config(&self, spec: &ComputeSpec) -> &Option<TlsConfig> {
+        if spec.features.contains(&ComputeFeature::TlsExperimental) {
+            &self.compute_ctl_config.tls
+        } else {
+            &None::<TlsConfig>
+        }
+    }
+
    /// Update the `last_active` in the shared state, but ensure that it's a more recent one.
    pub fn update_last_active(&self, last_active: Option<DateTime<Utc>>) {
        let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
@@ -2199,6 +2214,41 @@ LIMIT 100",
            info!("Pageserver config changed");
        }
    }
+
+    pub fn spawn_extension_stats_task(&self) {
+        let conf = self.tokio_conn_conf.clone();
+        let installed_extensions_collection_interval =
+            self.params.installed_extensions_collection_interval;
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            // An initial sleep is added to ensure that two collections don't happen at the same time.
+            // The first collection happens during compute startup.
+            tokio::time::sleep(tokio::time::Duration::from_secs(
+                installed_extensions_collection_interval,
+            ))
+            .await;
+            let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(tokio::time::Duration::from_secs(
+                installed_extensions_collection_interval,
+            ));
+            loop {
+                interval.tick().await;
+                let _ = installed_extensions(conf.clone()).await;
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+pub async fn installed_extensions(conf: tokio_postgres::Config) -> Result<()> {
+    let res = get_installed_extensions(conf).await;
+    match res {
+        Ok(extensions) => {
+            info!(
+                "[NEON_EXT_STAT] {}",
+                serde_json::to_string(&extensions).expect("failed to serialize extensions list")
+            );
+        }
+        Err(err) => error!("could not get installed extensions: {err:?}"),
+    }
+    Ok(())
 }

 pub fn forward_termination_signal() {
--- a/compute_tools/src/compute_prewarm.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/compute_prewarm.rs
@@ -25,11 +25,16 @@ struct EndpointStoragePair {
 }

 const KEY: &str = "lfc_state";
-impl TryFrom<&crate::compute::ParsedSpec> for EndpointStoragePair {
-    type Error = anyhow::Error;
-    fn try_from(pspec: &crate::compute::ParsedSpec) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        let Some(ref endpoint_id) = pspec.spec.endpoint_id else {
-            bail!("pspec.endpoint_id missing")
+impl EndpointStoragePair {
+    /// endpoint_id is set to None while prewarming from other endpoint, see replica promotion
+    /// If not None, takes precedence over pspec.spec.endpoint_id
+    fn from_spec_and_endpoint(
+        pspec: &crate::compute::ParsedSpec,
+        endpoint_id: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        let endpoint_id = endpoint_id.as_ref().or(pspec.spec.endpoint_id.as_ref());
+        let Some(ref endpoint_id) = endpoint_id else {
+            bail!("pspec.endpoint_id missing, other endpoint_id not provided")
        };
        let Some(ref base_uri) = pspec.endpoint_storage_addr else {
            bail!("pspec.endpoint_storage_addr missing")
@@ -84,7 +89,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
    }

    /// Returns false if there is a prewarm request ongoing, true otherwise
-    pub fn prewarm_lfc(self: &Arc<Self>) -> bool {
+    pub fn prewarm_lfc(self: &Arc<Self>, from_endpoint: Option<String>) -> bool {
        crate::metrics::LFC_PREWARM_REQUESTS.inc();
        {
            let state = &mut self.state.lock().unwrap().lfc_prewarm_state;
@@ -97,7 +102,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {

        let cloned = self.clone();
        spawn(async move {
-            let Err(err) = cloned.prewarm_impl().await else {
+            let Err(err) = cloned.prewarm_impl(from_endpoint).await else {
                cloned.state.lock().unwrap().lfc_prewarm_state = LfcPrewarmState::Completed;
                return;
            };
@@ -109,13 +114,14 @@ impl ComputeNode {
        true
    }

-    fn endpoint_storage_pair(&self) -> Result<EndpointStoragePair> {
+    /// from_endpoint: None for endpoint managed by this compute_ctl
+    fn endpoint_storage_pair(&self, from_endpoint: Option<String>) -> Result<EndpointStoragePair> {
        let state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
-        state.pspec.as_ref().unwrap().try_into()
+        EndpointStoragePair::from_spec_and_endpoint(state.pspec.as_ref().unwrap(), from_endpoint)
    }

-    async fn prewarm_impl(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        let EndpointStoragePair { url, token } = self.endpoint_storage_pair()?;
+    async fn prewarm_impl(&self, from_endpoint: Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
+        let EndpointStoragePair { url, token } = self.endpoint_storage_pair(from_endpoint)?;
        info!(%url, "requesting LFC state from endpoint storage");

        let request = Client::new().get(&url).bearer_auth(token);
@@ -173,7 +179,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
    }

    async fn offload_lfc_impl(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        let EndpointStoragePair { url, token } = self.endpoint_storage_pair()?;
+        let EndpointStoragePair { url, token } = self.endpoint_storage_pair(None)?;
        info!(%url, "requesting LFC state from postgres");

        let mut compressed = Vec::new();
--- a/compute_tools/src/config_template/compute_audit_rsyslog_template.conf
+++ b/compute_tools/src/config_template/compute_audit_rsyslog_template.conf
@@ -2,10 +2,24 @@
 module(load="imfile")

 # Input configuration for log files in the specified directory
-# Replace {log_directory} with the directory containing the log files
-input(type="imfile" File="{log_directory}/*.log" Tag="{tag}" Severity="info" Facility="local0")
+# The messages can be multiline. The start of the message is a timestamp
+# in "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%3N GMT" (so timezone hardcoded).
+# Replace log_directory with the directory containing the log files
+input(type="imfile" File="{log_directory}/*.log"
+  Tag="pgaudit_log" Severity="info" Facility="local5"
+  startmsg.regex="^[[:digit:]]{{4}}-[[:digit:]]{{2}}-[[:digit:]]{{2}} [[:digit:]]{{2}}:[[:digit:]]{{2}}:[[:digit:]]{{2}}.[[:digit:]]{{3}} GMT,")
+
 # the directory to store rsyslog state files
 global(workDirectory="/var/log/rsyslog")

-# Forward logs to remote syslog server
-*.* @@{remote_endpoint}
+# Construct json, endpoint_id and project_id as additional metadata
+set $.json_log!endpoint_id = "{endpoint_id}";
+set $.json_log!project_id = "{project_id}";
+set $.json_log!msg = $msg;
+
+# Template suitable for rfc5424 syslog format
+template(name="PgAuditLog" type="string"
+    string="<%PRI%>1 %TIMESTAMP:::date-rfc3339% %HOSTNAME% - - - - %$.json_log%")
+
+# Forward to remote syslog receiver (@@<hostname>:<port>;format
+local5.info @@{remote_endpoint};PgAuditLog
--- a/compute_tools/src/extension_server.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/extension_server.rs
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ use reqwest::StatusCode;
 use tar::Archive;
 use tracing::info;
 use tracing::log::warn;
+use url::Url;
 use zstd::stream::read::Decoder;

 use crate::metrics::{REMOTE_EXT_REQUESTS_TOTAL, UNKNOWN_HTTP_STATUS};
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ fn parse_pg_version(human_version: &str) -> PostgresMajorVersion {
 pub async fn download_extension(
    ext_name: &str,
    ext_path: &RemotePath,
-    remote_ext_base_url: &str,
+    remote_ext_base_url: &Url,
    pgbin: &str,
 ) -> Result<u64> {
    info!("Download extension {:?} from {:?}", ext_name, ext_path);
@@ -270,10 +271,14 @@ pub fn create_control_files(remote_extensions: &RemoteExtSpec, pgbin: &str) {
 }

 // Do request to extension storage proxy, e.g.,
-// curl http://pg-ext-s3-gateway/latest/v15/extensions/anon.tar.zst
+// curl http://pg-ext-s3-gateway.pg-ext-s3-gateway.svc.cluster.local/latest/v15/extensions/anon.tar.zst
 // using HTTP GET and return the response body as bytes.
-async fn download_extension_tar(remote_ext_base_url: &str, ext_path: &str) -> Result<Bytes> {
-    let uri = format!("{}/{}", remote_ext_base_url, ext_path);
+async fn download_extension_tar(remote_ext_base_url: &Url, ext_path: &str) -> Result<Bytes> {
+    let uri = remote_ext_base_url.join(ext_path).with_context(|| {
+        format!(
+            "failed to create the remote extension URI for {ext_path} using {remote_ext_base_url}"
+        )
+    })?;
    let filename = Path::new(ext_path)
        .file_name()
        .unwrap_or_else(|| std::ffi::OsStr::new("unknown"))
@@ -283,7 +288,7 @@ async fn download_extension_tar(remote_ext_base_url: &str, ext_path: &str) -> Re

    info!("Downloading extension file '{}' from uri {}", filename, uri);

-    match do_extension_server_request(&uri).await {
+    match do_extension_server_request(uri).await {
        Ok(resp) => {
            info!("Successfully downloaded remote extension data {}", ext_path);
            REMOTE_EXT_REQUESTS_TOTAL
@@ -302,7 +307,7 @@ async fn download_extension_tar(remote_ext_base_url: &str, ext_path: &str) -> Re

 // Do a single remote extensions server request.
 // Return result or (error message + stringified status code) in case of any failures.
-async fn do_extension_server_request(uri: &str) -> Result<Bytes, (String, String)> {
+async fn do_extension_server_request(uri: Url) -> Result<Bytes, (String, String)> {
    let resp = reqwest::get(uri).await.map_err(|e| {
        (
            format!(
--- a/compute_tools/src/http/mod.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/http/mod.rs
@@ -48,11 +48,9 @@ impl JsonResponse {

    /// Create an error response related to the compute being in an invalid state
    pub(self) fn invalid_status(status: ComputeStatus) -> Response {
-        Self::create_response(
+        Self::error(
            StatusCode::PRECONDITION_FAILED,
-            &GenericAPIError {
-                error: format!("invalid compute status: {status}"),
-            },
+            format!("invalid compute status: {status}"),
        )
    }
 }
--- a/compute_tools/src/http/routes/configure.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/http/routes/configure.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub(in crate::http) async fn configure(
    State(compute): State<Arc<ComputeNode>>,
    request: Json<ConfigurationRequest>,
 ) -> Response {
-    let pspec = match ParsedSpec::try_from(request.spec.clone()) {
+    let pspec = match ParsedSpec::try_from(request.0.spec) {
        Ok(p) => p,
        Err(e) => return JsonResponse::error(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, e),
    };
--- a/compute_tools/src/http/routes/lfc.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/http/routes/lfc.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use crate::compute_prewarm::LfcPrewarmStateWithProgress;
 use crate::http::JsonResponse;
 use axum::response::{IntoResponse, Response};
 use axum::{Json, http::StatusCode};
+use axum_extra::extract::OptionalQuery;
 use compute_api::responses::LfcOffloadState;
 type Compute = axum::extract::State<std::sync::Arc<crate::compute::ComputeNode>>;

@@ -16,8 +17,16 @@ pub(in crate::http) async fn offload_state(compute: Compute) -> Json<LfcOffloadS
    Json(compute.lfc_offload_state())
 }

-pub(in crate::http) async fn prewarm(compute: Compute) -> Response {
-    if compute.prewarm_lfc() {
+#[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct PrewarmQuery {
+    pub from_endpoint: String,
+}
+
+pub(in crate::http) async fn prewarm(
+    compute: Compute,
+    OptionalQuery(query): OptionalQuery<PrewarmQuery>,
+) -> Response {
+    if compute.prewarm_lfc(query.map(|q| q.from_endpoint)) {
        StatusCode::ACCEPTED.into_response()
    } else {
        JsonResponse::error(
--- a/compute_tools/src/monitor.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/monitor.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,12 @@ use crate::metrics::{PG_CURR_DOWNTIME_MS, PG_TOTAL_DOWNTIME_MS};

 const MONITOR_CHECK_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_millis(500);

+/// Struct to store runtime state of the compute monitor thread.
+/// In theory, this could be a part of `Compute`, but i)
+/// this state is expected to be accessed only by single thread,
+/// so we don't need to care about locking; ii) `Compute` is
+/// already quite big. Thus, it seems to be a good idea to keep
+/// all the activity/health monitoring parts here.
 struct ComputeMonitor {
    compute: Arc<ComputeNode>,

@@ -70,12 +76,36 @@ impl ComputeMonitor {
        )
    }

+    /// Check if compute is in some terminal or soon-to-be-terminal
+    /// state, then return `true`, signalling the caller that it
+    /// should exit gracefully. Otherwise, return `false`.
+    fn check_interrupts(&mut self) -> bool {
+        let compute_status = self.compute.get_status();
+        if matches!(
+            compute_status,
+            ComputeStatus::Terminated | ComputeStatus::TerminationPending | ComputeStatus::Failed
+        ) {
+            info!(
+                "compute is in {} status, stopping compute monitor",
+                compute_status
+            );
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        false
+    }
+
    /// Spin in a loop and figure out the last activity time in the Postgres.
-    /// Then update it in the shared state. This function never errors out.
+    /// Then update it in the shared state. This function currently never
+    /// errors out explicitly, but there is a graceful termination path.
+    /// Every time we receive an error trying to check Postgres, we use
+    /// [`ComputeMonitor::check_interrupts()`] because it could be that
+    /// compute is being terminated already, then we can exit gracefully
+    /// to not produce errors' noise in the log.
    /// NB: the only expected panic is at `Mutex` unwrap(), all other errors
    /// should be handled gracefully.
    #[instrument(skip_all)]
-    pub fn run(&mut self) {
+    pub fn run(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
        // Suppose that `connstr` doesn't change
        let connstr = self.compute.params.connstr.clone();
        let conf = self
@@ -93,6 +123,10 @@ impl ComputeMonitor {
        info!("starting compute monitor for {}", connstr);

        loop {
+            if self.check_interrupts() {
+                break;
+            }
+
            match &mut client {
                Ok(cli) => {
                    if cli.is_closed() {
@@ -100,6 +134,10 @@ impl ComputeMonitor {
                            downtime_info = self.downtime_info(),
                            "connection to Postgres is closed, trying to reconnect"
                        );
+                        if self.check_interrupts() {
+                            break;
+                        }
+
                        self.report_down();

                        // Connection is closed, reconnect and try again.
@@ -111,15 +149,19 @@ impl ComputeMonitor {
                                self.compute.update_last_active(self.last_active);
                            }
                            Err(e) => {
+                                error!(
+                                    downtime_info = self.downtime_info(),
+                                    "could not check Postgres: {}", e
+                                );
+                                if self.check_interrupts() {
+                                    break;
+                                }
+
                                // Although we have many places where we can return errors in `check()`,
                                // normally it shouldn't happen. I.e., we will likely return error if
                                // connection got broken, query timed out, Postgres returned invalid data, etc.
                                // In all such cases it's suspicious, so let's report this as downtime.
                                self.report_down();
-                                error!(
-                                    downtime_info = self.downtime_info(),
-                                    "could not check Postgres: {}", e
-                                );

                                // Reconnect to Postgres just in case. During tests, I noticed
                                // that queries in `check()` can fail with `connection closed`,
@@ -136,6 +178,10 @@ impl ComputeMonitor {
                        downtime_info = self.downtime_info(),
                        "could not connect to Postgres: {}, retrying", e
                    );
+                    if self.check_interrupts() {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
                    self.report_down();

                    // Establish a new connection and try again.
@@ -147,6 +193,9 @@ impl ComputeMonitor {
            self.last_checked = Utc::now();
            thread::sleep(MONITOR_CHECK_INTERVAL);
        }
+
+        // Graceful termination path
+        Ok(())
    }

    #[instrument(skip_all)]
@@ -429,7 +478,10 @@ pub fn launch_monitor(compute: &Arc<ComputeNode>) -> thread::JoinHandle<()> {
        .spawn(move || {
            let span = span!(Level::INFO, "compute_monitor");
            let _enter = span.enter();
-            monitor.run();
+            match monitor.run() {
+                Ok(_) => info!("compute monitor thread terminated gracefully"),
+                Err(err) => error!("compute monitor thread terminated abnormally {:?}", err),
+            }
        })
        .expect("cannot launch compute monitor thread")
 }
--- a/compute_tools/src/pg_helpers.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/pg_helpers.rs
@@ -213,8 +213,10 @@ impl Escaping for PgIdent {

        // Find the first suitable tag that is not present in the string.
        // Postgres' max role/DB name length is 63 bytes, so even in the
-        // worst case it won't take long.
-        while self.contains(&format!("${tag}$")) || self.contains(&format!("${outer_tag}$")) {
+        // worst case it won't take long. Outer tag is always `tag + "x"`,
+        // so if `tag` is not present in the string, `outer_tag` is not
+        // present in the string either.
+        while self.contains(&tag.to_string()) {
            tag += "x";
            outer_tag = tag.clone() + "x";
        }
--- a/compute_tools/src/rsyslog.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/src/rsyslog.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,40 @@ fn get_rsyslog_pid() -> Option<String> {
    }
 }

+fn wait_for_rsyslog_pid() -> Result<String, anyhow::Error> {
+    const MAX_WAIT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
+    const INITIAL_SLEEP: Duration = Duration::from_millis(2);
+
+    let mut sleep_duration = INITIAL_SLEEP;
+    let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+    let mut attempts = 1;
+
+    for attempt in 1.. {
+        attempts = attempt;
+        match get_rsyslog_pid() {
+            Some(pid) => return Ok(pid),
+            None => {
+                if start.elapsed() >= MAX_WAIT {
+                    break;
+                }
+                info!(
+                    "rsyslogd is not running, attempt {}. Sleeping for {} ms",
+                    attempt,
+                    sleep_duration.as_millis()
+                );
+                std::thread::sleep(sleep_duration);
+                sleep_duration *= 2;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
+        "rsyslogd is not running after waiting for {} seconds and {} attempts",
+        attempts,
+        start.elapsed().as_secs()
+    ))
+}
+
 // Restart rsyslogd to apply the new configuration.
 // This is necessary, because there is no other way to reload the rsyslog configuration.
 //
@@ -36,27 +70,29 @@ fn get_rsyslog_pid() -> Option<String> {
 // TODO: test it properly
 //
 fn restart_rsyslog() -> Result<()> {
-    let old_pid = get_rsyslog_pid().context("rsyslogd is not running")?;
-    info!("rsyslogd is running with pid: {}, restart it", old_pid);
-
    // kill it to restart
    let _ = Command::new("pkill")
        .arg("rsyslogd")
        .output()
-        .context("Failed to stop rsyslogd")?;
+        .context("Failed to restart rsyslogd")?;
+
+    // ensure rsyslogd is running
+    wait_for_rsyslog_pid()?;

    Ok(())
 }

 pub fn configure_audit_rsyslog(
    log_directory: String,
-    tag: Option<String>,
+    endpoint_id: &str,
+    project_id: &str,
    remote_endpoint: &str,
 ) -> Result<()> {
    let config_content: String = format!(
        include_str!("config_template/compute_audit_rsyslog_template.conf"),
        log_directory = log_directory,
-        tag = tag.unwrap_or("".to_string()),
+        endpoint_id = endpoint_id,
+        project_id = project_id,
        remote_endpoint = remote_endpoint
    );

@@ -131,15 +167,11 @@ pub fn configure_postgres_logs_export(conf: PostgresLogsRsyslogConfig) -> Result
        return Ok(());
    }

-    // When new config is empty we can simply remove the configuration file.
+    // Nothing to configure
    if new_config.is_empty() {
-        info!("removing rsyslog config file: {}", POSTGRES_LOGS_CONF_PATH);
-        match std::fs::remove_file(POSTGRES_LOGS_CONF_PATH) {
-            Ok(_) => {}
-            Err(err) if err.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound => {}
-            Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),
-        }
-        restart_rsyslog()?;
+        // When the configuration is removed, PostgreSQL will stop sending data
+        // to the files watched by rsyslog, so restarting rsyslog is more effort
+        // than just ignoring this change.
        return Ok(());
    }

--- a/compute_tools/tests/pg_helpers_tests.rs
+++ b/compute_tools/tests/pg_helpers_tests.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ mod pg_helpers_tests {
            r#"fsync = off
 wal_level = logical
 hot_standby = on
-prewarm_lfc_on_startup = off
+autoprewarm = off
 neon.safekeepers = '127.0.0.1:6502,127.0.0.1:6503,127.0.0.1:6501'
 wal_log_hints = on
 log_connections = on
@@ -71,6 +71,14 @@ test.escaping = 'here''s a backslash \\ and a quote '' and a double-quote " hoor
            ("name$$$", ("$x$name$$$$x$", "xx")),
            ("name$$$$", ("$x$name$$$$$x$", "xx")),
            ("name$x$", ("$xx$name$x$$xx$", "xxx")),
+            ("x", ("$xx$x$xx$", "xxx")),
+            ("xx", ("$xxx$xx$xxx$", "xxxx")),
+            ("$x", ("$xx$$x$xx$", "xxx")),
+            ("x$", ("$xx$x$$xx$", "xxx")),
+            ("$x$", ("$xx$$x$$xx$", "xxx")),
+            ("xx$", ("$xxx$xx$$xxx$", "xxxx")),
+            ("$xx", ("$xxx$$xx$xxx$", "xxxx")),
+            ("$xx$", ("$xxx$$xx$$xxx$", "xxxx")),
        ];

        for (input, expected) in test_cases {
--- a/control_plane/Cargo.toml
+++ b/control_plane/Cargo.toml
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ pageserver_api.workspace = true
 pageserver_client.workspace = true
 postgres_backend.workspace = true
 safekeeper_api.workspace = true
+safekeeper_client.workspace = true
 postgres_connection.workspace = true
 storage_broker.workspace = true
 http-utils.workspace = true
--- a/control_plane/safekeepers.conf
+++ b/control_plane/safekeepers.conf
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 [pageserver]
 listen_pg_addr = '127.0.0.1:64000'
 listen_http_addr = '127.0.0.1:9898'
+listen_grpc_addr = '127.0.0.1:51051'
 pg_auth_type = 'Trust'
 http_auth_type = 'Trust'
+grpc_auth_type = 'Trust'

 [[safekeepers]]
 id = 1
--- a/control_plane/simple.conf
+++ b/control_plane/simple.conf
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@
 id=1
 listen_pg_addr = '127.0.0.1:64000'
 listen_http_addr = '127.0.0.1:9898'
+listen_grpc_addr = '127.0.0.1:51051'
 pg_auth_type = 'Trust'
 http_auth_type = 'Trust'
+grpc_auth_type = 'Trust'

 [[safekeepers]]
 id = 1
--- a/control_plane/src/background_process.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/background_process.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@

 use std::ffi::OsStr;
 use std::io::Write;
-use std::os::unix::prelude::AsRawFd;
+use std::os::fd::AsFd;
 use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::process::Command;
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ where
            let file = pid_file::claim_for_current_process(&path).expect("claim pid file");
            // Remove the FD_CLOEXEC flag on the pidfile descriptor so that the pidfile
            // remains locked after exec.
-            nix::fcntl::fcntl(file.as_raw_fd(), FcntlArg::F_SETFD(FdFlag::empty()))
+            nix::fcntl::fcntl(file.as_fd(), FcntlArg::F_SETFD(FdFlag::empty()))
                .expect("remove FD_CLOEXEC");
            // Don't run drop(file), it would close the file before we actually exec.
            std::mem::forget(file);
--- a/control_plane/src/bin/neon_local.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/bin/neon_local.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap};
 use std::fs::File;
-use std::os::fd::AsRawFd;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::process::exit;
 use std::str::FromStr;
@@ -31,8 +30,9 @@ use control_plane::safekeeper::SafekeeperNode;
 use control_plane::storage_controller::{
    NeonStorageControllerStartArgs, NeonStorageControllerStopArgs, StorageController,
 };
-use nix::fcntl::{FlockArg, flock};
+use nix::fcntl::{Flock, FlockArg};
 use pageserver_api::config::{
+    DEFAULT_GRPC_LISTEN_PORT as DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_GRPC_PORT,
    DEFAULT_HTTP_LISTEN_PORT as DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_HTTP_PORT,
    DEFAULT_PG_LISTEN_PORT as DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_PG_PORT,
 };
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ use pageserver_api::models::{
 use pageserver_api::shard::{DEFAULT_STRIPE_SIZE, ShardCount, ShardStripeSize, TenantShardId};
 use postgres_backend::AuthType;
 use postgres_connection::parse_host_port;
-use safekeeper_api::membership::SafekeeperGeneration;
+use safekeeper_api::membership::{SafekeeperGeneration, SafekeeperId};
 use safekeeper_api::{
    DEFAULT_HTTP_LISTEN_PORT as DEFAULT_SAFEKEEPER_HTTP_PORT,
    DEFAULT_PG_LISTEN_PORT as DEFAULT_SAFEKEEPER_PG_PORT,
@@ -749,16 +749,16 @@ struct TimelineTreeEl {

 /// A flock-based guard over the neon_local repository directory
 struct RepoLock {
-    _file: File,
+    _file: Flock<File>,
 }

 impl RepoLock {
    fn new() -> Result<Self> {
        let repo_dir = File::open(local_env::base_path())?;
-        let repo_dir_fd = repo_dir.as_raw_fd();
-        flock(repo_dir_fd, FlockArg::LockExclusive)?;
-
-        Ok(Self { _file: repo_dir })
+        match Flock::lock(repo_dir, FlockArg::LockExclusive) {
+            Ok(f) => Ok(Self { _file: f }),
+            Err((_, e)) => Err(e).context("flock error"),
+        }
    }
 }

@@ -1008,13 +1008,16 @@ fn handle_init(args: &InitCmdArgs) -> anyhow::Result<LocalEnv> {
                    let pageserver_id = NodeId(DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_ID.0 + i as u64);
                    let pg_port = DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_PG_PORT + i;
                    let http_port = DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_HTTP_PORT + i;
+                    let grpc_port = DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_GRPC_PORT + i;
                    NeonLocalInitPageserverConf {
                        id: pageserver_id,
                        listen_pg_addr: format!("127.0.0.1:{pg_port}"),
                        listen_http_addr: format!("127.0.0.1:{http_port}"),
                        listen_https_addr: None,
+                        listen_grpc_addr: Some(format!("127.0.0.1:{grpc_port}")),
                        pg_auth_type: AuthType::Trust,
                        http_auth_type: AuthType::Trust,
+                        grpc_auth_type: AuthType::Trust,
                        other: Default::default(),
                        // Typical developer machines use disks with slow fsync, and we don't care
                        // about data integrity: disable disk syncs.
@@ -1252,6 +1255,45 @@ async fn handle_timeline(cmd: &TimelineCmd, env: &mut local_env::LocalEnv) -> Re
            pageserver
                .timeline_import(tenant_id, timeline_id, base, pg_wal, args.pg_version)
                .await?;
+            if env.storage_controller.timelines_onto_safekeepers {
+                println!("Creating timeline on safekeeper ...");
+                let timeline_info = pageserver
+                    .timeline_info(
+                        TenantShardId::unsharded(tenant_id),
+                        timeline_id,
+                        pageserver_client::mgmt_api::ForceAwaitLogicalSize::No,
+                    )
+                    .await?;
+                let default_sk = SafekeeperNode::from_env(env, env.safekeepers.first().unwrap());
+                let default_host = default_sk
+                    .conf
+                    .listen_addr
+                    .clone()
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "localhost".to_string());
+                let mconf = safekeeper_api::membership::Configuration {
+                    generation: SafekeeperGeneration::new(1),
+                    members: safekeeper_api::membership::MemberSet {
+                        m: vec![SafekeeperId {
+                            host: default_host,
+                            id: default_sk.conf.id,
+                            pg_port: default_sk.conf.pg_port,
+                        }],
+                    },
+                    new_members: None,
+                };
+                let pg_version = args.pg_version * 10000;
+                let req = safekeeper_api::models::TimelineCreateRequest {
+                    tenant_id,
+                    timeline_id,
+                    mconf,
+                    pg_version,
+                    system_id: None,
+                    wal_seg_size: None,
+                    start_lsn: timeline_info.last_record_lsn,
+                    commit_lsn: None,
+                };
+                default_sk.create_timeline(&req).await?;
+            }
            env.register_branch_mapping(branch_name.to_string(), tenant_id, timeline_id)?;
            println!("Done");
        }
@@ -1276,6 +1318,7 @@ async fn handle_timeline(cmd: &TimelineCmd, env: &mut local_env::LocalEnv) -> Re
                mode: pageserver_api::models::TimelineCreateRequestMode::Branch {
                    ancestor_timeline_id,
                    ancestor_start_lsn: start_lsn,
+                    read_only: false,
                    pg_version: None,
                },
            };
--- a/control_plane/src/endpoint.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/endpoint.rs
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};

 use anyhow::{Context, Result, anyhow, bail};
+use base64::Engine;
+use base64::prelude::BASE64_URL_SAFE_NO_PAD;
 use compute_api::requests::{
    COMPUTE_AUDIENCE, ComputeClaims, ComputeClaimsScope, ConfigurationRequest,
 };
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ impl ComputeControlPlane {
                    public_key_use: Some(PublicKeyUse::Signature),
                    key_operations: Some(vec![KeyOperations::Verify]),
                    key_algorithm: Some(KeyAlgorithm::EdDSA),
-                    key_id: Some(base64::encode_config(key_hash, base64::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD)),
+                    key_id: Some(BASE64_URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(key_hash)),
                    x509_url: None::<String>,
                    x509_chain: None::<Vec<String>>,
                    x509_sha1_fingerprint: None::<String>,
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@ impl ComputeControlPlane {
                algorithm: AlgorithmParameters::OctetKeyPair(OctetKeyPairParameters {
                    key_type: OctetKeyPairType::OctetKeyPair,
                    curve: EllipticCurve::Ed25519,
-                    x: base64::encode_config(public_key, base64::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD),
+                    x: BASE64_URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(public_key),
                }),
            }],
        })
@@ -747,7 +749,7 @@ impl Endpoint {
                logs_export_host: None::<String>,
                endpoint_storage_addr: Some(endpoint_storage_addr),
                endpoint_storage_token: Some(endpoint_storage_token),
-                prewarm_lfc_on_startup: false,
+                autoprewarm: false,
            };

            // this strange code is needed to support respec() in tests
--- a/control_plane/src/local_env.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/local_env.rs
@@ -278,8 +278,10 @@ pub struct PageServerConf {
    pub listen_pg_addr: String,
    pub listen_http_addr: String,
    pub listen_https_addr: Option<String>,
+    pub listen_grpc_addr: Option<String>,
    pub pg_auth_type: AuthType,
    pub http_auth_type: AuthType,
+    pub grpc_auth_type: AuthType,
    pub no_sync: bool,
 }

@@ -290,8 +292,10 @@ impl Default for PageServerConf {
            listen_pg_addr: String::new(),
            listen_http_addr: String::new(),
            listen_https_addr: None,
+            listen_grpc_addr: None,
            pg_auth_type: AuthType::Trust,
            http_auth_type: AuthType::Trust,
+            grpc_auth_type: AuthType::Trust,
            no_sync: false,
        }
    }
@@ -306,8 +310,10 @@ pub struct NeonLocalInitPageserverConf {
    pub listen_pg_addr: String,
    pub listen_http_addr: String,
    pub listen_https_addr: Option<String>,
+    pub listen_grpc_addr: Option<String>,
    pub pg_auth_type: AuthType,
    pub http_auth_type: AuthType,
+    pub grpc_auth_type: AuthType,
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "std::ops::Not::not")]
    pub no_sync: bool,
    #[serde(flatten)]
@@ -321,8 +327,10 @@ impl From<&NeonLocalInitPageserverConf> for PageServerConf {
            listen_pg_addr,
            listen_http_addr,
            listen_https_addr,
+            listen_grpc_addr,
            pg_auth_type,
            http_auth_type,
+            grpc_auth_type,
            no_sync,
            other: _,
        } = conf;
@@ -331,7 +339,9 @@ impl From<&NeonLocalInitPageserverConf> for PageServerConf {
            listen_pg_addr: listen_pg_addr.clone(),
            listen_http_addr: listen_http_addr.clone(),
            listen_https_addr: listen_https_addr.clone(),
+            listen_grpc_addr: listen_grpc_addr.clone(),
            pg_auth_type: *pg_auth_type,
+            grpc_auth_type: *grpc_auth_type,
            http_auth_type: *http_auth_type,
            no_sync: *no_sync,
        }
@@ -707,8 +717,10 @@ impl LocalEnv {
                    listen_pg_addr: String,
                    listen_http_addr: String,
                    listen_https_addr: Option<String>,
+                    listen_grpc_addr: Option<String>,
                    pg_auth_type: AuthType,
                    http_auth_type: AuthType,
+                    grpc_auth_type: AuthType,
                    #[serde(default)]
                    no_sync: bool,
                }
@@ -732,8 +744,10 @@ impl LocalEnv {
                    listen_pg_addr,
                    listen_http_addr,
                    listen_https_addr,
+                    listen_grpc_addr,
                    pg_auth_type,
                    http_auth_type,
+                    grpc_auth_type,
                    no_sync,
                } = config_toml;
                let IdentityTomlSubset {
@@ -750,8 +764,10 @@ impl LocalEnv {
                    listen_pg_addr,
                    listen_http_addr,
                    listen_https_addr,
+                    listen_grpc_addr,
                    pg_auth_type,
                    http_auth_type,
+                    grpc_auth_type,
                    no_sync,
                };
                pageservers.push(conf);
--- a/control_plane/src/pageserver.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/pageserver.rs
@@ -129,7 +129,9 @@ impl PageServerNode {
            ));
        }

-        if conf.http_auth_type != AuthType::Trust || conf.pg_auth_type != AuthType::Trust {
+        if [conf.http_auth_type, conf.pg_auth_type, conf.grpc_auth_type]
+            .contains(&AuthType::NeonJWT)
+        {
            // Keys are generated in the toplevel repo dir, pageservers' workdirs
            // are one level below that, so refer to keys with ../
            overrides.push("auth_validation_public_key_path='../auth_public_key.pem'".to_owned());
@@ -511,11 +513,6 @@ impl PageServerNode {
                .map(|x| x.parse::<bool>())
                .transpose()
                .context("Failed to parse 'timeline_offloading' as bool")?,
-            wal_receiver_protocol_override: settings
-                .remove("wal_receiver_protocol_override")
-                .map(serde_json::from_str)
-                .transpose()
-                .context("parse `wal_receiver_protocol_override` from json")?,
            rel_size_v2_enabled: settings
                .remove("rel_size_v2_enabled")
                .map(|x| x.parse::<bool>())
@@ -546,6 +543,16 @@ impl PageServerNode {
                .map(serde_json::from_str)
                .transpose()
                .context("Falied to parse 'sampling_ratio'")?,
+            relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity: settings
+                .remove("relsize snapshot cache capacity")
+                .map(|x| x.parse::<usize>())
+                .transpose()
+                .context("Falied to parse 'relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity' as integer")?,
+            basebackup_cache_enabled: settings
+                .remove("basebackup_cache_enabled")
+                .map(|x| x.parse::<bool>())
+                .transpose()
+                .context("Failed to parse 'basebackup_cache_enabled' as bool")?,
        };
        if !settings.is_empty() {
            bail!("Unrecognized tenant settings: {settings:?}")
@@ -628,4 +635,16 @@ impl PageServerNode {

        Ok(())
    }
+    pub async fn timeline_info(
+        &self,
+        tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
+        timeline_id: TimelineId,
+        force_await_logical_size: mgmt_api::ForceAwaitLogicalSize,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<TimelineInfo> {
+        let timeline_info = self
+            .http_client
+            .timeline_info(tenant_shard_id, timeline_id, force_await_logical_size)
+            .await?;
+        Ok(timeline_info)
+    }
 }
--- a/control_plane/src/safekeeper.rs
+++ b/control_plane/src/safekeeper.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 //!   .neon/safekeepers/<safekeeper id>
 //! ```
 use std::error::Error as _;
-use std::future::Future;
 use std::io::Write;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::time::Duration;
@@ -14,9 +13,9 @@ use std::{io, result};

 use anyhow::Context;
 use camino::Utf8PathBuf;
-use http_utils::error::HttpErrorBody;
 use postgres_connection::PgConnectionConfig;
-use reqwest::{IntoUrl, Method};
+use safekeeper_api::models::TimelineCreateRequest;
+use safekeeper_client::mgmt_api;
 use thiserror::Error;
 use utils::auth::{Claims, Scope};
 use utils::id::NodeId;
@@ -35,25 +34,14 @@ pub enum SafekeeperHttpError {

 type Result<T> = result::Result<T, SafekeeperHttpError>;

-pub(crate) trait ResponseErrorMessageExt: Sized {
-    fn error_from_body(self) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Self>> + Send;
-}
-
-impl ResponseErrorMessageExt for reqwest::Response {
-    async fn error_from_body(self) -> Result<Self> {
-        let status = self.status();
-        if !(status.is_client_error() || status.is_server_error()) {
-            return Ok(self);
-        }
-
-        // reqwest does not export its error construction utility functions, so let's craft the message ourselves
-        let url = self.url().to_owned();
-        Err(SafekeeperHttpError::Response(
-            match self.json::<HttpErrorBody>().await {
-                Ok(err_body) => format!("Error: {}", err_body.msg),
-                Err(_) => format!("Http error ({}) at {}.", status.as_u16(), url),
-            },
-        ))
+fn err_from_client_err(err: mgmt_api::Error) -> SafekeeperHttpError {
+    use mgmt_api::Error::*;
+    match err {
+        ApiError(_, str) => SafekeeperHttpError::Response(str),
+        Cancelled => SafekeeperHttpError::Response("Cancelled".to_owned()),
+        ReceiveBody(err) => SafekeeperHttpError::Transport(err),
+        ReceiveErrorBody(err) => SafekeeperHttpError::Response(err),
+        Timeout(str) => SafekeeperHttpError::Response(format!("timeout: {str}")),
    }
 }

@@ -70,9 +58,8 @@ pub struct SafekeeperNode {

    pub pg_connection_config: PgConnectionConfig,
    pub env: LocalEnv,
-    pub http_client: reqwest::Client,
+    pub http_client: mgmt_api::Client,
    pub listen_addr: String,
-    pub http_base_url: String,
 }

 impl SafekeeperNode {
@@ -82,13 +69,14 @@ impl SafekeeperNode {
        } else {
            "127.0.0.1".to_string()
        };
+        let jwt = None;
+        let http_base_url = format!("http://{}:{}", listen_addr, conf.http_port);
        SafekeeperNode {
            id: conf.id,
            conf: conf.clone(),
            pg_connection_config: Self::safekeeper_connection_config(&listen_addr, conf.pg_port),
            env: env.clone(),
-            http_client: env.create_http_client(),
-            http_base_url: format!("http://{}:{}/v1", listen_addr, conf.http_port),
+            http_client: mgmt_api::Client::new(env.create_http_client(), http_base_url, jwt),
            listen_addr,
        }
    }
@@ -278,20 +266,19 @@ impl SafekeeperNode {
        )
    }

-    fn http_request<U: IntoUrl>(&self, method: Method, url: U) -> reqwest::RequestBuilder {
-        // TODO: authentication
-        //if self.env.auth_type == AuthType::NeonJWT {
-        //    builder = builder.bearer_auth(&self.env.safekeeper_auth_token)
-        //}
-        self.http_client.request(method, url)
+    pub async fn check_status(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.http_client
+            .status()
+            .await
+            .map_err(err_from_client_err)?;
+        Ok(())
    }

-    pub async fn check_status(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.http_request(Method::GET, format!("{}/{}", self.http_base_url, "status"))
-            .send()
-            .await?
-            .error_from_body()
-            .await?;
+    pub async fn create_timeline(&self, req: &TimelineCreateRequest) -> Result<()> {
+        self.http_client
+            .create_timeline(req)
+            .await
+            .map_err(err_from_client_err)?;
        Ok(())
    }
 }
--- a/control_plane/storcon_cli/src/main.rs
+++ b/control_plane/storcon_cli/src/main.rs
@@ -61,10 +61,16 @@ enum Command {
        #[arg(long)]
        scheduling: Option<NodeSchedulingPolicy>,
    },
+    // Set a node status as deleted.
    NodeDelete {
        #[arg(long)]
        node_id: NodeId,
    },
+    /// Delete a tombstone of node from the storage controller.
+    NodeDeleteTombstone {
+        #[arg(long)]
+        node_id: NodeId,
+    },
    /// Modify a tenant's policies in the storage controller
    TenantPolicy {
        #[arg(long)]
@@ -82,6 +88,8 @@ enum Command {
    },
    /// List nodes known to the storage controller
    Nodes {},
+    /// List soft deleted nodes known to the storage controller
+    NodeTombstones {},
    /// List tenants known to the storage controller
    Tenants {
        /// If this field is set, it will list the tenants on a specific node
@@ -900,6 +908,39 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
                .dispatch::<(), ()>(Method::DELETE, format!("control/v1/node/{node_id}"), None)
                .await?;
        }
+        Command::NodeDeleteTombstone { node_id } => {
+            storcon_client
+                .dispatch::<(), ()>(
+                    Method::DELETE,
+                    format!("debug/v1/tombstone/{node_id}"),
+                    None,
+                )
+                .await?;
+        }
+        Command::NodeTombstones {} => {
+            let mut resp = storcon_client
+                .dispatch::<(), Vec<NodeDescribeResponse>>(
+                    Method::GET,
+                    "debug/v1/tombstone".to_string(),
+                    None,
+                )
+                .await?;
+
+            resp.sort_by(|a, b| a.listen_http_addr.cmp(&b.listen_http_addr));
+
+            let mut table = comfy_table::Table::new();
+            table.set_header(["Id", "Hostname", "AZ", "Scheduling", "Availability"]);
+            for node in resp {
+                table.add_row([
+                    format!("{}", node.id),
+                    node.listen_http_addr,
+                    node.availability_zone_id,
+                    format!("{:?}", node.scheduling),
+                    format!("{:?}", node.availability),
+                ]);
+            }
+            println!("{table}");
+        }
        Command::TenantSetTimeBasedEviction {
            tenant_id,
            period,
--- a/docker-compose/compute_wrapper/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker-compose/compute_wrapper/Dockerfile
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ RUN echo 'Acquire::Retries "5";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80-retries && \
                       jq   \
                       netcat-openbsd
 #This is required for the pg_hintplan test
-RUN mkdir -p /ext-src/pg_hint_plan-src /postgres/contrib/file_fdw && chown postgres /ext-src/pg_hint_plan-src /postgres/contrib/file_fdw
+RUN mkdir -p /ext-src/pg_hint_plan-src /postgres/contrib/file_fdw /ext-src/postgis-src/ && chown postgres /ext-src/pg_hint_plan-src /postgres/contrib/file_fdw /ext-src/postgis-src

 USER postgres
--- a/docker-compose/compute_wrapper/shell/compute.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/compute_wrapper/shell/compute.sh
@@ -1,28 +1,36 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -eux

 # Generate a random tenant or timeline ID
 #
 # Takes a variable name as argument. The result is stored in that variable.
 generate_id() {
-    local -n resvar=$1
-    printf -v resvar '%08x%08x%08x%08x' $SRANDOM $SRANDOM $SRANDOM $SRANDOM
+    local -n resvar=${1}
+    printf -v resvar '%08x%08x%08x%08x' ${SRANDOM} ${SRANDOM} ${SRANDOM} ${SRANDOM}
 }

 PG_VERSION=${PG_VERSION:-14}

-CONFIG_FILE_ORG=/var/db/postgres/configs/config.json
-CONFIG_FILE=/tmp/config.json
+readonly CONFIG_FILE_ORG=/var/db/postgres/configs/config.json
+readonly CONFIG_FILE=/tmp/config.json
+
+# Test that the first library path that the dynamic loader looks in is the path
+# that we use for custom compiled software
+first_path="$(ldconfig --verbose 2>/dev/null \
+    | grep --invert-match ^$'\t' \
+    | cut --delimiter=: --fields=1 \
+    | head --lines=1)"
+test "${first_path}" = '/usr/local/lib'

 echo "Waiting pageserver become ready."
 while ! nc -z pageserver 6400; do
-     sleep 1;
+     sleep 1
 done
 echo "Page server is ready."

-cp ${CONFIG_FILE_ORG} ${CONFIG_FILE}
+cp "${CONFIG_FILE_ORG}" "${CONFIG_FILE}"

- if [ -n "${TENANT_ID:-}" ] && [ -n "${TIMELINE_ID:-}" ]; then
+ if [[ -n "${TENANT_ID:-}" && -n "${TIMELINE_ID:-}" ]]; then
   tenant_id=${TENANT_ID}
   timeline_id=${TIMELINE_ID}
 else
@@ -33,7 +41,7 @@ else
       "http://pageserver:9898/v1/tenant"
  )
  tenant_id=$(curl "${PARAMS[@]}" | jq -r .[0].id)
-  if [ -z "${tenant_id}" ] || [ "${tenant_id}" = null ]; then
+  if [[ -z "${tenant_id}" || "${tenant_id}" = null ]]; then
    echo "Create a tenant"
    generate_id tenant_id
    PARAMS=(
@@ -43,7 +51,7 @@ else
        "http://pageserver:9898/v1/tenant/${tenant_id}/location_config"
    )
    result=$(curl "${PARAMS[@]}")
-    echo $result | jq .
+    printf '%s\n' "${result}" | jq .
  fi

  echo "Check if a timeline present"
@@ -53,7 +61,7 @@ else
       "http://pageserver:9898/v1/tenant/${tenant_id}/timeline"
  )
  timeline_id=$(curl "${PARAMS[@]}" | jq -r .[0].timeline_id)
-  if [ -z "${timeline_id}" ] || [ "${timeline_id}" = null ]; then
+  if [[ -z "${timeline_id}" || "${timeline_id}" = null ]]; then
    generate_id timeline_id
    PARAMS=(
        -sbf
@@ -63,7 +71,7 @@ else
        "http://pageserver:9898/v1/tenant/${tenant_id}/timeline/"
    )
    result=$(curl "${PARAMS[@]}")
-    echo $result | jq .
+    printf '%s\n' "${result}" | jq .
  fi
 fi

@@ -74,10 +82,10 @@ else
 fi
 echo "Adding pgx_ulid"
 shared_libraries=$(jq -r '.spec.cluster.settings[] | select(.name=="shared_preload_libraries").value' ${CONFIG_FILE})
-sed -i "s/${shared_libraries}/${shared_libraries},${ulid_extension}/" ${CONFIG_FILE}
+sed -i "s|${shared_libraries}|${shared_libraries},${ulid_extension}|" ${CONFIG_FILE}
 echo "Overwrite tenant id and timeline id in spec file"
-sed -i "s/TENANT_ID/${tenant_id}/" ${CONFIG_FILE}
-sed -i "s/TIMELINE_ID/${timeline_id}/" ${CONFIG_FILE}
+sed -i "s|TENANT_ID|${tenant_id}|" ${CONFIG_FILE}
+sed -i "s|TIMELINE_ID|${timeline_id}|" ${CONFIG_FILE}

 cat ${CONFIG_FILE}

@@ -85,5 +93,5 @@ echo "Start compute node"
 /usr/local/bin/compute_ctl --pgdata /var/db/postgres/compute \
     -C "postgresql://cloud_admin@localhost:55433/postgres"  \
     -b /usr/local/bin/postgres                              \
-     --compute-id "compute-$RANDOM"                          \
-     --config "$CONFIG_FILE"
+     --compute-id "compute-${RANDOM}"                          \
+     --config "${CONFIG_FILE}"
--- a/docker-compose/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose/docker-compose.yml
@@ -186,13 +186,14 @@ services:

  neon-test-extensions:
    profiles: ["test-extensions"]
-    image: ${REPOSITORY:-ghcr.io/neondatabase}/neon-test-extensions-v${PG_TEST_VERSION:-16}:${TEST_EXTENSIONS_TAG:-${TAG:-latest}}
+    image: ${REPOSITORY:-ghcr.io/neondatabase}/neon-test-extensions-v${PG_TEST_VERSION:-${PG_VERSION:-16}}:${TEST_EXTENSIONS_TAG:-${TAG:-latest}}
    environment:
-      - PGPASSWORD=cloud_admin
+      - PGUSER=${PGUSER:-cloud_admin}
+      - PGPASSWORD=${PGPASSWORD:-cloud_admin}
    entrypoint:
      - "/bin/bash"
      - "-c"
    command:
-      - sleep 1800
+      - sleep 3600
    depends_on:
      - compute
--- a/docker-compose/docker_compose_test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/docker_compose_test.sh
@@ -54,6 +54,15 @@ for pg_version in ${TEST_VERSION_ONLY-14 15 16 17}; do
        # It cannot be moved to Dockerfile now because the database directory is created after the start of the container
        echo Adding dummy config
        docker compose exec compute touch /var/db/postgres/compute/compute_ctl_temp_override.conf
+        # Prepare for the PostGIS test
+        docker compose exec compute mkdir -p /tmp/pgis_reg/pgis_reg_tmp
+        TMPDIR=$(mktemp -d)
+        docker compose cp neon-test-extensions:/ext-src/postgis-src/raster/test "${TMPDIR}"
+        docker compose cp neon-test-extensions:/ext-src/postgis-src/regress/00-regress-install "${TMPDIR}"
+        docker compose exec compute mkdir -p /ext-src/postgis-src/raster /ext-src/postgis-src/regress /ext-src/postgis-src/regress/00-regress-install
+        docker compose cp "${TMPDIR}/test" compute:/ext-src/postgis-src/raster/test
+        docker compose cp "${TMPDIR}/00-regress-install" compute:/ext-src/postgis-src/regress
+        rm -rf "${TMPDIR}"
        # The following block copies the files for the pg_hintplan test to the compute node for the extension test in an isolated docker-compose environment
        TMPDIR=$(mktemp -d)
        docker compose cp neon-test-extensions:/ext-src/pg_hint_plan-src/data "${TMPDIR}/data"
@@ -68,7 +77,7 @@ for pg_version in ${TEST_VERSION_ONLY-14 15 16 17}; do
        docker compose exec -T neon-test-extensions bash -c "(cd /postgres && patch -p1)" <"../compute/patches/contrib_pg${pg_version}.patch"
        # We are running tests now
        rm -f testout.txt testout_contrib.txt
-        docker compose exec -e USE_PGXS=1 -e SKIP=timescaledb-src,rdkit-src,postgis-src,pg_jsonschema-src,kq_imcx-src,wal2json_2_5-src,rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en-src,rag_bge_small_en_v15-src \
+        docker compose exec -e USE_PGXS=1 -e SKIP=timescaledb-src,rdkit-src,pg_jsonschema-src,kq_imcx-src,wal2json_2_5-src,rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en-src,rag_bge_small_en_v15-src \
        neon-test-extensions /run-tests.sh /ext-src | tee testout.txt && EXT_SUCCESS=1 || EXT_SUCCESS=0
        docker compose exec -e SKIP=start-scripts,postgres_fdw,ltree_plpython,jsonb_plpython,jsonb_plperl,hstore_plpython,hstore_plperl,dblink,bool_plperl \
        neon-test-extensions /run-tests.sh /postgres/contrib | tee testout_contrib.txt && CONTRIB_SUCCESS=1 || CONTRIB_SUCCESS=0
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/alter_db.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/alter_db.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# We need these settings to get the expected output results.
+# We cannot use the environment variables e.g. PGTZ due to
+# https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/1287
+export DATABASE=${1:-contrib_regression}
+psql -c "ALTER DATABASE ${DATABASE} SET neon.allow_unstable_extensions='on'" \
+     -c "ALTER DATABASE ${DATABASE} SET DateStyle='Postgres,MDY'" \
+     -c "ALTER DATABASE ${DATABASE} SET TimeZone='America/Los_Angeles'" \
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/h3-pg-src/neon-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/h3-pg-src/neon-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -ex
+cd "$(dirname "${0}")"
+PG_REGRESS=$(dirname "$(pg_config --pgxs)")/../test/regress/pg_regress
+dropdb --if-exists contrib_regression
+createdb contrib_regression
+cd h3_postgis/test
+psql -d contrib_regression -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis" -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis_raster" -c "CREATE EXTENSION h3" -c "CREATE EXTENSION h3_postgis"
+TESTS=$(echo sql/* | sed 's|sql/||g; s|\.sql||g')
+${PG_REGRESS} --use-existing --dbname contrib_regression ${TESTS}
+cd ../../h3/test
+TESTS=$(echo sql/* | sed 's|sql/||g; s|\.sql||g')
+dropdb --if-exists contrib_regression
+createdb contrib_regression
+psql -d contrib_regression -c "CREATE EXTENSION h3"
+${PG_REGRESS} --use-existing --dbname contrib_regression ${TESTS}
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/h3-pg-src/test-upgrade.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/h3-pg-src/test-upgrade.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -ex
+cd "$(dirname ${0})"
+PG_REGRESS=$(dirname "$(pg_config --pgxs)")/../test/regress/pg_regress
+cd h3/test
+TESTS=$(echo sql/* | sed 's|sql/||g; s|\.sql||g')
+${PG_REGRESS} --use-existing --inputdir=./ --bindir='/usr/local/pgsql/bin'  --dbname=contrib_regression  ${TESTS}
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/online_advisor-src/neon-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/online_advisor-src/neon-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -ex
+cd "$(dirname "${0}")"
+if [ -f Makefile ]; then
+  make installcheck
+fi
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/online_advisor-src/regular-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/online_advisor-src/regular-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -ex
+cd "$(dirname ${0})"
+[ -f Makefile ] || exit 0
+dropdb --if-exist contrib_regression
+createdb contrib_regression
+PG_REGRESS=$(dirname "$(pg_config --pgxs)")/../test/regress/pg_regress
+TESTS=$(echo sql/* | sed 's|sql/||g; s|\.sql||g')
+${PG_REGRESS} --use-existing --inputdir=./ --bindir='/usr/local/pgsql/bin' --dbname=contrib_regression ${TESTS}
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/pg_graphql-src/regular-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/pg_graphql-src/regular-test.sh
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ TESTS=${TESTS/row_level_security/}
 TESTS=${TESTS/sqli_connection/}
 dropdb --if-exist contrib_regression
 createdb contrib_regression
+. ../alter_db.sh
 psql -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 -f test/fixtures.sql -d contrib_regression
 ${REGRESS} --use-existing --dbname=contrib_regression --inputdir=${TESTDIR} ${TESTS}

--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/pgrag-src/regular-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/pgrag-src/regular-test.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ set -ex
 cd "$(dirname "${0}")"
 dropdb --if-exist contrib_regression
 createdb contrib_regression
+. ../alter_db.sh
 psql -d contrib_regression -c "CREATE EXTENSION vector" -c "CREATE EXTENSION rag"
 PG_REGRESS=$(dirname "$(pg_config --pgxs)")/../test/regress/pg_regress
 ${PG_REGRESS} --inputdir=./ --bindir='/usr/local/pgsql/bin'    --use-existing --load-extension=vector --load-extension=rag --dbname=contrib_regression basic_functions text_processing api_keys chunking_functions document_processing embedding_api_functions voyageai_functions
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/pgx_ulid-src/Makefile
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/pgx_ulid-src/Makefile
@@ -20,5 +20,6 @@ installcheck: regression-test
 regression-test:
 	dropdb --if-exists contrib_regression
 	createdb contrib_regression
+	../alter_db.sh
 	psql -d contrib_regression -c "CREATE EXTENSION $(EXTNAME)"
 	$(PG_REGRESS) --inputdir=. --outputdir=. --use-existing --dbname=contrib_regression $(REGRESS)
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/plv8-src/regular-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/plv8-src/regular-test.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ set -ex
 cd "$(dirname ${0})"
 dropdb --if-exist contrib_regression
 createdb contrib_regression
+. ../alter_db.sh
 PG_REGRESS=$(dirname "$(pg_config --pgxs)")/../test/regress/pg_regress
 REGRESS="$(make -n installcheck | awk '{print substr($0,index($0,"init-extension"));}')"
 REGRESS="${REGRESS/startup_perms/}"
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/README-Neon.md
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/README-Neon.md
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# PostGIS Testing in Neon
+
+This directory contains configuration files and patches for running PostGIS tests in the Neon database environment.
+
+## Overview
+
+PostGIS is a spatial database extension for PostgreSQL that adds support for geographic objects. Testing PostGIS compatibility ensures that Neon's modifications to PostgreSQL don't break compatibility with this critical extension.
+
+## PostGIS Versions
+
+- PostgreSQL v17: PostGIS 3.5.0
+- PostgreSQL v14/v15/v16: PostGIS 3.3.3
+
+## Test Configuration
+
+The test setup includes:
+
+- `postgis-no-upgrade-test.patch`: Disables upgrade tests by removing the upgrade test section from regress/runtest.mk
+- `postgis-regular-v16.patch`: Version-specific patch for PostgreSQL v16
+- `postgis-regular-v17.patch`: Version-specific patch for PostgreSQL v17
+- `regular-test.sh`: Script to run PostGIS tests as a regular user
+- `neon-test.sh`: Script to handle version-specific test configurations
+- `raster_outdb_template.sql`: Template for raster tests with explicit file paths
+
+## Excluded Tests
+
+**Important Note:** The test exclusions listed below are specifically for regular-user tests against staging instances. These exclusions are necessary because staging instances run with limited privileges and cannot perform operations requiring superuser access. Docker-compose based tests are not affected by these exclusions.
+
+### Tests Requiring Superuser Permissions
+
+These tests cannot be run as a regular user:
+- `estimatedextent`
+- `regress/core/legacy`
+- `regress/core/typmod`
+- `regress/loader/TestSkipANALYZE`
+- `regress/loader/TestANALYZE`
+
+### Tests Requiring Filesystem Access
+
+These tests need direct filesystem access that is only possible for superusers:
+- `loader/load_outdb`
+
+### Tests with Flaky Results
+
+These tests have assumptions that don't always hold true:
+- `regress/core/computed_columns` - Assumes computed columns always outperform alternatives, which is not consistently true
+
+### Tests Requiring Tunable Parameter Modifications
+
+These tests attempt to modify the `postgis.gdal_enabled_drivers` parameter, which is only accessible to superusers:
+- `raster/test/regress/rt_wkb`
+- `raster/test/regress/rt_addband`
+- `raster/test/regress/rt_setbandpath`
+- `raster/test/regress/rt_fromgdalraster`
+- `raster/test/regress/rt_asgdalraster`
+- `raster/test/regress/rt_astiff`
+- `raster/test/regress/rt_asjpeg`
+- `raster/test/regress/rt_aspng`
+- `raster/test/regress/permitted_gdal_drivers`
+- Loader tests: `BasicOutDB`, `Tiled10x10`, `Tiled10x10Copy`, `Tiled8x8`, `TiledAuto`, `TiledAutoSkipNoData`, `TiledAutoCopyn`
+
+### Topology Tests (v17 only)
+- `populate_topology_layer`
+- `renametopogeometrycolumn`
+
+## Other Modifications
+
+- Binary.sql tests are modified to use explicit file paths
+- Server-side SQL COPY commands (which require superuser privileges) are converted to client-side `\copy` commands
+- Upgrade tests are disabled
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/neon-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/neon-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -ex
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"
+patch -p1 <"postgis-common-${PG_VERSION}.patch"
+trap 'echo Cleaning up; patch -R -p1 <postgis-common-${PG_VERSION}.patch' EXIT
+make installcheck-base
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/postgis-common-v16.patch
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/postgis-common-v16.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+diff --git a/regress/core/tests.mk b/regress/core/tests.mk
+index 3abd7bc..64a9254 100644
+--- a/regress/core/tests.mk
+++ b/regress/core/tests.mk
+@@ -144,11 +144,6 @@ TESTS_SLOW = \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/concave_hull_hard \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/knn_recheck
+ 
+-ifeq ($(shell expr "$(POSTGIS_PGSQL_VERSION)" ">=" 120),1)
+-	TESTS += \
+-		$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/computed_columns
+-endif
+-
+ ifeq ($(shell expr "$(POSTGIS_GEOS_VERSION)" ">=" 30700),1)
+ 	# GEOS-3.7 adds:
+ 	# ST_FrechetDistance
+diff --git a/regress/runtest.mk b/regress/runtest.mk
+index c051f03..010e493 100644
+--- a/regress/runtest.mk
+++ b/regress/runtest.mk
+@@ -24,16 +24,6 @@ check-regress:
+ 
+ 	POSTGIS_TOP_BUILD_DIR=$(abs_top_builddir) $(PERL) $(top_srcdir)/regress/run_test.pl $(RUNTESTFLAGS) $(RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL) $(TESTS)
+ 
+-	@if echo "$(RUNTESTFLAGS)" | grep -vq -- --upgrade; then \
+-		echo "Running upgrade test as RUNTESTFLAGS did not contain that"; \
+-		POSTGIS_TOP_BUILD_DIR=$(abs_top_builddir) $(PERL) $(top_srcdir)/regress/run_test.pl \
+-      --upgrade \
+-      $(RUNTESTFLAGS) \
+-      $(RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL) \
+-      $(TESTS); \
+-	else \
+-		echo "Skipping upgrade test as RUNTESTFLAGS already requested upgrades"; \
+-	fi
+ 
+ check-long:
+ 	$(PERL) $(top_srcdir)/regress/run_test.pl $(RUNTESTFLAGS) $(TESTS) $(TESTS_SLOW)
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/postgis-common-v17.patch
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/postgis-common-v17.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+diff --git a/regress/core/tests.mk b/regress/core/tests.mk
+index 9e05244..90987df 100644
+--- a/regress/core/tests.mk
+++ b/regress/core/tests.mk
+@@ -143,8 +143,7 @@ TESTS += \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/oriented_envelope \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/point_coordinates \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/out_geojson \
+-  $(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wrapx \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/computed_columns
+  $(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wrapx
+ 
+ # Slow slow tests
+ TESTS_SLOW = \
+diff --git a/regress/runtest.mk b/regress/runtest.mk
+index 4b95b7e..449d5a2 100644
+--- a/regress/runtest.mk
+++ b/regress/runtest.mk
+@@ -24,16 +24,6 @@ check-regress:
+ 
+ 	@POSTGIS_TOP_BUILD_DIR=$(abs_top_builddir) $(PERL) $(top_srcdir)/regress/run_test.pl $(RUNTESTFLAGS) $(RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL) $(TESTS)
+ 
+-	@if echo "$(RUNTESTFLAGS)" | grep -vq -- --upgrade; then \
+-		echo "Running upgrade test as RUNTESTFLAGS did not contain that"; \
+-		POSTGIS_TOP_BUILD_DIR=$(abs_top_builddir) $(PERL) $(top_srcdir)/regress/run_test.pl \
+-      --upgrade \
+-      $(RUNTESTFLAGS) \
+-      $(RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL) \
+-      $(TESTS); \
+-	else \
+-		echo "Skipping upgrade test as RUNTESTFLAGS already requested upgrades"; \
+-	fi
+ 
+ check-long:
+ 	$(PERL) $(top_srcdir)/regress/run_test.pl $(RUNTESTFLAGS) $(TESTS) $(TESTS_SLOW)
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/postgis-regular-v16.patch
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/postgis-regular-v16.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+diff --git a/raster/test/regress/tests.mk b/raster/test/regress/tests.mk
+index 00918e1..7e2b6cd 100644
+--- a/raster/test/regress/tests.mk
+++ b/raster/test/regress/tests.mk
+@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@ override RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL := \
+   $(RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL) \
+   --after-upgrade-script $(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/hooks/hook-after-upgrade-raster.sql
+ 
+-RASTER_TEST_FIRST = \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/check_gdal \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/load_outdb
+RASTER_TEST_FIRST =
+ 
+ RASTER_TEST_LAST = \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/clean
+@@ -33,9 +31,7 @@ RASTER_TEST_IO = \
+ 
+ RASTER_TEST_BASIC_FUNC = \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_bytea \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_wkb \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/box3d \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_addband \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_band \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_tile
+ 
+@@ -73,16 +69,10 @@ RASTER_TEST_BANDPROPS = \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_neighborhood \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_nearestvalue \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_pixelofvalue \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_polygon \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_setbandpath
+	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_polygon
+ 
+ RASTER_TEST_UTILITY = \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_utility \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_fromgdalraster \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_asgdalraster \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_astiff \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_asjpeg \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_aspng \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_reclass \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_gdalwarp \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_gdalcontour \
+@@ -120,21 +110,13 @@ RASTER_TEST_SREL = \
+ 
+ RASTER_TEST_BUGS = \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/bug_test_car5 \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/permitted_gdal_drivers \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/tickets
+ 
+ RASTER_TEST_LOADER = \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Basic \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Projected \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicCopy \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicFilename \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicOutDB \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Tiled10x10 \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Tiled10x10Copy \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Tiled8x8 \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/TiledAuto \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/TiledAutoSkipNoData \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/TiledAutoCopyn
+	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicFilename
+ 
+ RASTER_TESTS := $(RASTER_TEST_FIRST) \
+ 	$(RASTER_TEST_METADATA) $(RASTER_TEST_IO) $(RASTER_TEST_BASIC_FUNC) \
+diff --git a/regress/core/binary.sql b/regress/core/binary.sql
+index 7a36b65..ad78fc7 100644
+--- a/regress/core/binary.sql
+++ b/regress/core/binary.sql
+@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
+ SET client_min_messages TO warning;
+
+ CREATE SCHEMA tm;
+ 
+ CREATE TABLE tm.geoms (id serial, g geometry);
+@@ -31,24 +32,39 @@ SELECT st_force4d(g) FROM tm.geoms WHERE id < 15 ORDER BY id;
+ INSERT INTO tm.geoms(g)
+ SELECT st_setsrid(g,4326) FROM tm.geoms ORDER BY id;
+ 
+-COPY tm.geoms TO :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
+-- define temp file path
+\set tmpfile '/tmp/postgis_binary_test.dat'
+
+-- export
+\set command '\\copy tm.geoms TO ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
+:command
+
+-- import
+ CREATE TABLE tm.geoms_in AS SELECT * FROM tm.geoms LIMIT 0;
+-COPY tm.geoms_in FROM :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
+-SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geoms_in i, tm.geoms o WHERE i.id = o.id
+- AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g, o.g);
+\set command '\\copy tm.geoms_in FROM ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
+:command
+
+SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geoms_in i, tm.geoms o
+WHERE i.id = o.id AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g, o.g);
+ 
+ CREATE TABLE tm.geogs AS SELECT id,g::geography FROM tm.geoms
+ WHERE geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE '%CURVE%'
+   AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE '%CIRCULAR%'
+   AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE '%SURFACE%'
+   AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE 'TRIANGLE%'
+-  AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE 'TIN%'
+-;
+  AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE 'TIN%';
+ 
+-COPY tm.geogs TO :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
+-- export
+\set command '\\copy tm.geogs TO ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
+:command
+
+-- import
+ CREATE TABLE tm.geogs_in AS SELECT * FROM tm.geogs LIMIT 0;
+-COPY tm.geogs_in FROM :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
+-SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geogs_in i, tm.geogs o WHERE i.id = o.id
+- AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g::geometry, o.g::geometry);
+\set command '\\copy tm.geogs_in FROM ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
+:command
+
+SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geogs_in i, tm.geogs o
+WHERE i.id = o.id AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g::geometry, o.g::geometry);
+ 
+ DROP SCHEMA tm CASCADE;
+
+diff --git a/regress/core/tests.mk b/regress/core/tests.mk
+index 64a9254..94903c3 100644
+--- a/regress/core/tests.mk
+++ b/regress/core/tests.mk
+@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ current_dir := $(dir $(abspath $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))))
+ RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL += \
+   --before-upgrade-script $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-before-upgrade.sql \
+   --after-upgrade-script  $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-after-upgrade.sql \
+-  --after-create-script   $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-after-create.sql \
+   --before-uninstall-script $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-before-uninstall.sql
+ 
+ TESTS += \
+@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ TESTS += \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/dumppoints \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/dumpsegments \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/empty \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/estimatedextent \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/forcecurve \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/flatgeobuf \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/geography \
+@@ -55,7 +53,6 @@ TESTS += \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/out_marc21 \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/in_encodedpolyline \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/iscollection \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/legacy \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/letters \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/long_xact \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/lwgeom_regress \
+@@ -112,7 +109,6 @@ TESTS += \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/temporal_knn \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/tickets \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/twkb \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/typmod \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wkb \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wkt \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wmsservers \
+diff --git a/regress/loader/tests.mk b/regress/loader/tests.mk
+index 1fc77ac..c3cb9de 100644
+--- a/regress/loader/tests.mk
+++ b/regress/loader/tests.mk
+@@ -38,7 +38,5 @@ TESTS += \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/Latin1 \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/Latin1-implicit \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/mfile \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/TestSkipANALYZE \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/TestANALYZE \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/CharNoWidth
+ 
+diff --git a/regress/run_test.pl b/regress/run_test.pl
+index 0ec5b2d..1c331f4 100755
+--- a/regress/run_test.pl
+++ b/regress/run_test.pl
+@@ -147,7 +147,6 @@ $ENV{"LANG"} = "C";
+ # Add locale info to the psql options
+ # Add pg12 precision suppression
+ my $PGOPTIONS = $ENV{"PGOPTIONS"};
+-$PGOPTIONS .= " -c lc_messages=C";
+ $PGOPTIONS .= " -c client_min_messages=NOTICE";
+ $PGOPTIONS .= " -c extra_float_digits=0";
+ $ENV{"PGOPTIONS"} = $PGOPTIONS;
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/postgis-regular-v17.patch
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/postgis-regular-v17.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+diff --git a/raster/test/regress/tests.mk b/raster/test/regress/tests.mk
+index 00918e1..7e2b6cd 100644
+--- a/raster/test/regress/tests.mk
+++ b/raster/test/regress/tests.mk
+@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@ override RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL := \
+   $(RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL) \
+   --after-upgrade-script $(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/hooks/hook-after-upgrade-raster.sql
+ 
+-RASTER_TEST_FIRST = \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/check_gdal \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/load_outdb
+RASTER_TEST_FIRST =
+ 
+ RASTER_TEST_LAST = \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/clean
+@@ -33,9 +31,7 @@ RASTER_TEST_IO = \
+ 
+ RASTER_TEST_BASIC_FUNC = \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_bytea \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_wkb \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/box3d \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_addband \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_band \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_tile
+ 
+@@ -73,16 +69,10 @@ RASTER_TEST_BANDPROPS = \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_neighborhood \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_nearestvalue \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_pixelofvalue \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_polygon \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_setbandpath
+	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_polygon
+ 
+ RASTER_TEST_UTILITY = \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_utility \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_fromgdalraster \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_asgdalraster \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_astiff \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_asjpeg \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_aspng \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_reclass \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_gdalwarp \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/rt_gdalcontour \
+@@ -120,21 +110,13 @@ RASTER_TEST_SREL = \
+ 
+ RASTER_TEST_BUGS = \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/bug_test_car5 \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/permitted_gdal_drivers \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/tickets
+ 
+ RASTER_TEST_LOADER = \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Basic \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Projected \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicCopy \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicFilename \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicOutDB \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Tiled10x10 \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Tiled10x10Copy \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/Tiled8x8 \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/TiledAuto \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/TiledAutoSkipNoData \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/TiledAutoCopyn
+	$(top_srcdir)/raster/test/regress/loader/BasicFilename
+ 
+ RASTER_TESTS := $(RASTER_TEST_FIRST) \
+ 	$(RASTER_TEST_METADATA) $(RASTER_TEST_IO) $(RASTER_TEST_BASIC_FUNC) \
+diff --git a/regress/core/binary.sql b/regress/core/binary.sql
+index 7a36b65..ad78fc7 100644
+--- a/regress/core/binary.sql
+++ b/regress/core/binary.sql
+@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
+ SET client_min_messages TO warning;
+
+ CREATE SCHEMA tm;
+ 
+ CREATE TABLE tm.geoms (id serial, g geometry);
+@@ -31,24 +32,39 @@ SELECT st_force4d(g) FROM tm.geoms WHERE id < 15 ORDER BY id;
+ INSERT INTO tm.geoms(g)
+ SELECT st_setsrid(g,4326) FROM tm.geoms ORDER BY id;
+ 
+-COPY tm.geoms TO :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
+-- define temp file path
+\set tmpfile '/tmp/postgis_binary_test.dat'
+
+-- export
+\set command '\\copy tm.geoms TO ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
+:command
+
+-- import
+ CREATE TABLE tm.geoms_in AS SELECT * FROM tm.geoms LIMIT 0;
+-COPY tm.geoms_in FROM :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
+-SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geoms_in i, tm.geoms o WHERE i.id = o.id
+- AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g, o.g);
+\set command '\\copy tm.geoms_in FROM ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
+:command
+
+SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geoms_in i, tm.geoms o
+WHERE i.id = o.id AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g, o.g);
+ 
+ CREATE TABLE tm.geogs AS SELECT id,g::geography FROM tm.geoms
+ WHERE geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE '%CURVE%'
+   AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE '%CIRCULAR%'
+   AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE '%SURFACE%'
+   AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE 'TRIANGLE%'
+-  AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE 'TIN%'
+-;
+  AND geometrytype(g) NOT LIKE 'TIN%';
+ 
+-COPY tm.geogs TO :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
+-- export
+\set command '\\copy tm.geogs TO ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
+:command
+
+-- import
+ CREATE TABLE tm.geogs_in AS SELECT * FROM tm.geogs LIMIT 0;
+-COPY tm.geogs_in FROM :tmpfile WITH BINARY;
+-SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geogs_in i, tm.geogs o WHERE i.id = o.id
+- AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g::geometry, o.g::geometry);
+\set command '\\copy tm.geogs_in FROM ':tmpfile' WITH (FORMAT BINARY)'
+:command
+
+SELECT 'geometry', count(*) FROM tm.geogs_in i, tm.geogs o
+WHERE i.id = o.id AND ST_OrderingEquals(i.g::geometry, o.g::geometry);
+ 
+ DROP SCHEMA tm CASCADE;
+
+diff --git a/regress/core/tests.mk b/regress/core/tests.mk
+index 90987df..74fe3f1 100644
+--- a/regress/core/tests.mk
+++ b/regress/core/tests.mk
+@@ -16,14 +16,13 @@ POSTGIS_PGSQL_VERSION=170
+ POSTGIS_GEOS_VERSION=31101
+ HAVE_JSON=yes
+ HAVE_SPGIST=yes
+-INTERRUPTTESTS=yes
+INTERRUPTTESTS=no
+ 
+ current_dir := $(dir $(abspath $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))))
+ 
+ RUNTESTFLAGS_INTERNAL += \
+   --before-upgrade-script $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-before-upgrade.sql \
+   --after-upgrade-script  $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-after-upgrade.sql \
+-  --after-create-script   $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-after-create.sql \
+   --before-uninstall-script $(top_srcdir)/regress/hooks/hook-before-uninstall.sql
+ 
+ TESTS += \
+@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ TESTS += \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/dumppoints \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/dumpsegments \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/empty \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/estimatedextent \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/forcecurve \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/flatgeobuf \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/frechet \
+@@ -60,7 +58,6 @@ TESTS += \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/out_marc21 \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/in_encodedpolyline \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/iscollection \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/legacy \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/letters \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/lwgeom_regress \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/measures \
+@@ -119,7 +116,6 @@ TESTS += \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/temporal_knn \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/tickets \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/twkb \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/typmod \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wkb \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wkt \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/core/wmsservers \
+diff --git a/regress/loader/tests.mk b/regress/loader/tests.mk
+index ac4f8ad..4bad4fc 100644
+--- a/regress/loader/tests.mk
+++ b/regress/loader/tests.mk
+@@ -38,7 +38,5 @@ TESTS += \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/Latin1 \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/Latin1-implicit \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/mfile \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/TestSkipANALYZE \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/TestANALYZE \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/regress/loader/CharNoWidth \
+ 
+diff --git a/regress/run_test.pl b/regress/run_test.pl
+index cac4b2e..4c7c82b 100755
+--- a/regress/run_test.pl
+++ b/regress/run_test.pl
+@@ -238,7 +238,6 @@ $ENV{"LANG"} = "C";
+ # Add locale info to the psql options
+ # Add pg12 precision suppression
+ my $PGOPTIONS = $ENV{"PGOPTIONS"};
+-$PGOPTIONS .= " -c lc_messages=C";
+ $PGOPTIONS .= " -c client_min_messages=NOTICE";
+ $PGOPTIONS .= " -c extra_float_digits=0";
+ $ENV{"PGOPTIONS"} = $PGOPTIONS;
+diff --git a/topology/test/tests.mk b/topology/test/tests.mk
+index cbe2633..2c7c18f 100644
+--- a/topology/test/tests.mk
+++ b/topology/test/tests.mk
+@@ -46,9 +46,7 @@ TESTS += \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/legacy_query.sql \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/legacy_validate.sql \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/polygonize.sql \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/populate_topology_layer.sql \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/removeunusedprimitives.sql \
+-	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/renametopogeometrycolumn.sql \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/renametopology.sql \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/share_sequences.sql \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/topology/test/regress/sqlmm.sql \
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/raster_outdb_template.sql
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/raster_outdb_template.sql
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/regular-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/postgis-src/regular-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -ex
+cd "$(dirname "${0}")"
+dropdb --if-exist contrib_regression
+createdb contrib_regression
+psql -d contrib_regression -c "ALTER DATABASE contrib_regression SET TimeZone='UTC'" \
+     -c "ALTER DATABASE contrib_regression SET DateStyle='ISO, MDY'" \
+     -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis SCHEMA public" \
+     -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology" \
+     -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis_tiger_geocoder CASCADE" \
+     -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis_raster SCHEMA public" \
+     -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis_sfcgal SCHEMA public"
+patch -p1 <"postgis-common-${PG_VERSION}.patch"
+patch -p1 <"postgis-regular-${PG_VERSION}.patch"
+psql -d contrib_regression -f raster_outdb_template.sql
+trap 'patch -R -p1 <postgis-regular-${PG_VERSION}.patch && patch -R -p1 <"postgis-common-${PG_VERSION}.patch"' EXIT
+POSTGIS_REGRESS_DB=contrib_regression RUNTESTFLAGS=--nocreate make installcheck-base
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/rag_bge_small_en_v15-src/Makefile
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/rag_bge_small_en_v15-src/Makefile
@@ -11,5 +11,6 @@ PG_REGRESS := $(dir $(PGXS))../../src/test/regress/pg_regress
 installcheck:
 	dropdb --if-exists contrib_regression
 	createdb contrib_regression
+	../alter_db.sh
 	psql -d contrib_regression -c "CREATE EXTENSION vector" -c "CREATE EXTENSION rag_bge_small_en_v15"
 	$(PG_REGRESS) --use-existing --dbname=contrib_regression $(REGRESS)
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en-src/Makefile
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en-src/Makefile
@@ -11,5 +11,6 @@ PG_REGRESS := $(dir $(PGXS))../../src/test/regress/pg_regress
 installcheck:
 	dropdb --if-exists contrib_regression
 	createdb contrib_regression
+	../alter_db.sh
 	psql -d contrib_regression -c "CREATE EXTENSION vector" -c "CREATE EXTENSION rag_jina_reranker_v1_tiny_en"
 	$(PG_REGRESS) --use-existing --dbname=contrib_regression $(REGRESS)
--- a/docker-compose/ext-src/rum-src/regular-test.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/ext-src/rum-src/regular-test.sh
@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@ set -ex
 cd "$(dirname ${0})"
 dropdb --if-exist contrib_regression
 createdb contrib_regression
+. ../alter_db.sh
 PG_REGRESS=$(dirname "$(pg_config --pgxs)")/../test/regress/pg_regress
 ${PG_REGRESS} --inputdir=./ --bindir='/usr/local/pgsql/bin' --use-existing --dbname=contrib_regression rum rum_hash ruminv timestamp orderby orderby_hash altorder altorder_hash limits int2 int4 int8 float4 float8 money oid time timetz date interval macaddr inet cidr text varchar char bytea bit varbit numeric rum_weight expr array
--- a/docker-compose/run-tests.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/run-tests.sh
@@ -63,5 +63,9 @@ done
 for d in ${FAILED}; do
  cat "$(find $d -name regression.diffs)"
 done
+for postgis_diff in /tmp/pgis_reg/*_diff; do
+  echo "${postgis_diff}:"
+  cat "${postgis_diff}"
+done
 echo "${FAILED}"
 exit 1
--- a/docker-compose/test_extensions_upgrade.sh
+++ b/docker-compose/test_extensions_upgrade.sh
@@ -82,7 +82,8 @@ EXTENSIONS='[
 {"extname": "pg_ivm", "extdir": "pg_ivm-src"},
 {"extname": "pgjwt", "extdir": "pgjwt-src"},
 {"extname": "pgtap", "extdir": "pgtap-src"},
-{"extname": "pg_repack", "extdir": "pg_repack-src"}
+{"extname": "pg_repack", "extdir": "pg_repack-src"},
+{"extname": "h3", "extdir": "h3-pg-src"}
 ]'
 EXTNAMES=$(echo ${EXTENSIONS} | jq -r '.[].extname' | paste -sd ' ' -)
 COMPUTE_TAG=${NEW_COMPUTE_TAG} docker compose --profile test-extensions up --quiet-pull --build -d
--- a/docs/rfcs/043-bottom-most-gc-compaction.md
+++ b/docs/rfcs/043-bottom-most-gc-compaction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+# Bottommost Garbage-Collection Compaction
+
+## Summary
+
+The goal of this doc is to propose a way to reliably collect garbages below the GC horizon. This process is called bottom-most garbage-collect-compaction, and is part of the broader legacy-enhanced compaction that we plan to implement in the future.
+
+## Motivation
+
+The current GC algorithm will wait until the covering via image layers before collecting the garbages of a key region. Relying on image layer generation to generate covering images is not reliable. There are prior arts to generate feedbacks from the GC algorithm to the image generation process to accelerate garbage collection, but it slows down the system and creates write amplification.
+
+# Basic Idea
+
+![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/01-basic-idea.svg)
+
+The idea of bottom-most compaction is simple: we rewrite all layers that are below or intersect with the GC horizon to produce a flat level of image layers at the GC horizon and deltas above the GC horizon. In this process,
+
+- All images and deltas ≤ GC horizon LSN will be dropped. This process collects garbages.
+- We produce images for all keys involved in the compaction process at the GC horizon.
+
+Therefore, it can precisely collect all garbages below the horizon, and reduce the space amplification, i.e., in the staircase pattern (test_gc_feedback).
+
+![The staircase pattern in test_gc_feedback in the original compaction algorithm. The goal is to collect garbage below the red horizontal line.](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/12-staircase-test-gc-feedback.png)
+
+The staircase pattern in test_gc_feedback in the original compaction algorithm. The goal is to collect garbage below the red horizontal line.
+
+# Branches
+
+With branches, the bottom-most compaction should retain a snapshot of the keyspace at the `retain_lsn` so that the child branch can access data at the branch point. This requires some modifications to the basic bottom-most compaction algorithm that we sketched above. 
+
+![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/03-retain-lsn.svg)
+
+## Single Timeline w/ Snapshots: handle `retain_lsn`
+
+First let’s look into the case where we create branches over the main branch but don’t write any data to them (aka “snapshots”).
+
+The bottom-most compaction algorithm collects all deltas and images of a key and can make decisions on what data to retain. Given that we have a single key’s history as below:
+
+```
+LSN 0x10 -> A
+LSN 0x20 -> append B
+retain_lsn: 0x20
+LSN 0x30 -> append C
+LSN 0x40 -> append D
+retain_lsn: 0x40
+LSN 0x50 -> append E
+GC horizon: 0x50
+LSN 0x60 -> append F
+```
+
+The algorithm will produce:
+
+```
+LSN 0x20 -> AB
+(drop all history below the earliest retain_lsn)
+LSN 0x40 -> ABCD
+(assume the cost of replaying 2 deltas is higher than storing the full image, we generate an image here)
+LSN 0x50 -> append E
+(replay one delta is cheap)
+LSN 0x60 -> append F
+(keep everything as-is above the GC horizon)
+```
+
+![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/05-btmgc-parent.svg)
+
+What happens is that we balance the space taken by each retain_lsn and the cost of replaying deltas during the bottom-most compaction process. This is controlled by a threshold. If `count(deltas) < $threshold`, the deltas will be retained. Otherwise, an image will be generated and the deltas will be dropped.
+
+In the example above, the `$threshold` is 2.
+
+## Child Branches with data: pull + partial images
+
+In the previous section we have shown how bottom-most compaction respects `retain_lsn` so that all data that was readable at branch creation remains readable. But branches can have data on their own, and that data can fall out of the branch’s PITR window. So, this section explains how we deal with that.
+
+We will run the same bottom-most compaction for these branches, to ensure the space amplification on the child branch is reasonable. 
+
+```
+branch_lsn: 0x20
+LSN 0x30 -> append P
+LSN 0x40 -> append Q
+LSN 0x50 -> append R
+GC horizon: 0x50
+LSN 0x60 -> append S
+```
+
+Note that bottom-most compaction happens on a per-timeline basis. When it processes this key, it only reads the history from LSN 0x30 without a base image. Therefore, on child branches, the bottom-most compaction process will make image creation decisions based on the same `count(deltas) < $threshold` criteria, and if it decides to create an image, the base image will be retrieved from the ancestor branch.
+
+```
+branch_lsn: 0x20
+LSN 0x50 -> ABPQR
+(we pull the image at LSN 0x20 from the ancestor branch to get AB, and then apply append PQ to the page; we replace the record at 0x40 with an image and drop the delta)
+GC horizon: 0x50
+LSN 0x60 -> append S
+```
+
+![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/06-btmgc-child.svg)
+
+Note that for child branches, we do not create image layers for the images when bottom-most compaction runs. Instead, we drop the 0x30/0x40/0x50 delta records and directly place the image ABPQR@0x50 into the delta layer, which serves as a sparse image layer. For child branches, if we create image layers, we will need to put all keys in the range into the image layer. This causes space bloat and slow compactions. In this proposal, the compaction process will only compact and process keys modified inside the child branch.
+
+# Result
+
+Bottom-most compaction ensures all garbage under the GC horizon gets collected right away (compared with “eventually” in the current algorithm). Meanwhile, it generates images at each of the retain_lsn to ensure branch reads are fast. As we make per-key decisions on whether to generate an image or not, the theoretical lower bound of the storage space we need to retain for a branch is lower than before.
+
+Before: min(sum(logs for each key), sum(image for each key)), for each partition — we always generate image layers on a key range
+
+After: sum(min(logs for each key, image for each key))
+
+# Compaction Trigger
+
+The bottom-most compaction can be automatically triggered. The goal of the trigger is that it should ensure a constant factor for write amplification. Say that the user write 1GB of WAL into the system, we should write 1GB x C data to S3. The legacy compaction algorithm does not have such a constant factor C. The data we write to S3 is quadratic to the logical size of the database (see [A Theoretical View of Neon Storage](https://www.notion.so/A-Theoretical-View-of-Neon-Storage-8d7ad7555b0c41b2a3597fa780911194?pvs=21)).
+
+We propose the following compaction trigger that generates a constant write amplification factor. Write amplification >= total writes to S3 / total user writes. We only analyze the write amplification caused by the bottom-most GC-compaction process, ignoring the legacy create image layers amplification.
+
+Given that we have ***X*** bytes of the delta layers above the GC horizon, ***A*** bytes of the delta layers intersecting with the GC horizon, ***B*** bytes of the delta layers below the GC horizon, and ***C*** bytes of the image layers below the GC horizon.
+
+The legacy GC + compaction loop will always keep ***A*** unchanged, reduce ***B and C*** when there are image layers covering the key range. This yields 0 write amplification (only file deletions) and extra ***B*** bytes of space.
+
+![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/09-btmgc-analysis-2.svg)
+
+The bottom-most compaction proposed here will split ***A*** into deltas above the GC horizon and below the GC horizon. Everything below the GC horizon will be image layers after the compaction (not considering branches). Therefore, this yields ***A+C*** extra write traffic each iteration, plus 0 extra space.
+
+![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/07-btmgc-analysis-1.svg)
+
+Also considering read amplification (below the GC horizon). When a read request reaches the GC horizon, the read amplification will be (A+B+C)/C=1+(A+B)/C. Reducing ***A*** and ***B*** can help reduce the read amplification below the GC horizon.
+
+The metrics-based trigger will wait until a point that space amplification is not that large and write amplification is not that large before the compaction gets triggered. The trigger is defined as **(A+B)/C ≥ 1 (or some other ratio)**.
+
+To reason about this trigger, consider the two cases:
+
+**Data Ingestion**
+
+User keeps ingesting data into the database, which indicates that WAL size roughly equals to the database logical size. The compaction gets triggered only when the newly-written WAL roughly equals to the current bottom-most image size (=X). Therefore, it’s triggered when the database size gets doubled. This is a reasonable amount of work. Write amplification is 2X/X=1 for the X amount of data written.
+
+![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/10-btmgc-analysis-3.svg)
+
+**Updates/Deletion**
+
+In this case, WAL size will be larger than the database logical size ***D***. The compaction gets triggered for every ***D*** bytes of WAL written. Therefore, for every ***D*** bytes of WAL, we rewrite the bottom-most layer, which produces an extra ***D*** bytes of write amplification. This incurs exactly 2x write amplification (by the write of D), 1.5x write amplification (if we count from the start of the process) and no space amplification. 
+
+![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/11-btmgc-analysis-4.svg)
+
+Note that here I try to reason that write amplification is a constant (i.e., the data we write to S3 is proportional to the data the user write). The main problem with the current legacy compaction algorithm is that write amplification is proportional to the database size.
+
+The next step is to optimize the write amplification above the GC horizon (i.e., change the image creation criteria, top-most compaction, or introduce tiered compaction), to ensure the write amplification of the whole system is a constant factor.
+
+20GB layers → +20GB layers → delete 20GB, need 40GB temporary space
+
+# Sub-Compactions
+
+The gc-compaction algorithm may take a long time and we need to split the job into multiple sub-compaction jobs.
+
+![](images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/13-job-split.svg)
+
+As in the figure, the auto-trigger schedules a compaction job covering the full keyspace below a specific LSN. In such case that we cannot finish compacting it in one run in a reasonable amount of time, the algorithm will vertically split it into multiple jobs (in this case, 5).
+
+Each gc-compaction job will create one level of delta layers and one flat level of image layers for each LSN. Those layers will be automatically split based on size, which means that if the sub-compaction job produces 1GB of deltas, it will produce 4 * 256MB delta layers. For those layers that is not fully contained within the sub-compaction job rectangles, it will be rewritten to only contain the keys outside of the key range.
+
+# Implementation
+
+The main implementation of gc-compaction is in `compaction.rs`.
+
+* `compact_with_gc`: The main loop of gc-compaction. It takes a rectangle range of the layer map and compact that specific range. It selects layers intersecting with the rectangle, downloads the layers, creates the k-merge iterator to read those layers in the key-lsn order, and decide which keys to keep or insert a reconstructed page. The process is the basic unit of a gc-compaction and is not interruptable. If the process gets preempted by L0 compaction, it has to be restarted from scratch. For layers overlaps with the rectangle but not fully inside, the main loop will also rewrite them so that the new layer (or two layers if both left and right ends are outside of the rectangle) has the same LSN range as the original one but only contain the keys outside of the compaction range.
+* `gc_compaction_split_jobs`: Splits a big gc-compaction job into sub-compactions based on heuristics in the layer map. The function looks at the layer map and splits the compaction job based on the size of the layers so that each compaction job only pulls ~4GB of layer files.
+* `generate_key_retention` and `KeyHistoryRetention`: Implements the algorithm described in the "basic idea" and "branch" chapter of this RFC. It takes a vector of history of a key (key-lsn-value) and decides which LSNs of the key to retain. If there are too many deltas between two retain_lsns, it will reconstruct the page and insert an image into the compaction result. Also, we implement `KeyHistoryRetention::verify` to ensure the generated result is not corrupted -- all retain_lsns and all LSNs above the gc-horizon should be accessible.
+* `GcCompactionQueue`: the automatic trigger implementation for gc-compaction. `GcCompactionQueue::iteration` is called at the end of the tenant compaction loop. It will then call `trigger_auto_compaction` to decide whether to trigger a gc-compaction job for this tenant. If yes, the compaction-job will be added to the compaction queue, and the queue will be slowly drained once there are no other compaction jobs running. gc-compaction has the lowest priority. If a sub-compaction job is not successful or gets preempted by L0 compaction (see limitations for reasons why a compaction job would fail), it will _not_ be retried.
+* Changes to `index_part.json`: we added a `last_completed_lsn` field to the index part for the auto-trigger to decide when to trigger a compaction.
+* Changes to the read path: when gc-compaction updates the layer map, all reads need to wait. See `gc_compaction_layer_update_lock` and comments in the code path for more information.
+
+Gc-compaction can also be scheduled over the HTTP API. Example:
+
+```
+curl 'localhost:9898/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id/compact?enhanced_gc_bottom_most_compaction=true&dry_run=true' -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"scheduled": true, "compact_key_range": { "start": "000000067F0000A0000002A1CF0100000000", "end": "000000067F0000A0000002A1D70100000000" } }'
+```
+
+The `dry_run` mode can be specified in the query string so that the compaction will go through all layers to estimate how much space can be saved without writing the compaction result into the layer map.
+
+The auto-trigger is controlled by tenant-level flag `gc_compaction_enabled`. If this is set to false, no gc-compaction will be automatically scheduled on this tenant (but manual trigger still works).
+
+# Next Steps
+
+There are still some limitations of gc-compaction itself that needs to be resolved and tested,
+
+- gc-compaction is currently only automatically triggered on root branches. We have not tested gc-compaction on child branches in staging.
+- gc-compaction will skip aux key regions because of the possible conflict with the assumption of aux file tombstones.
+- gc-compaction does not consider keyspaces at retain_lsns and only look at keys in the layers. This also causes us giving up some sub-compaction jobs because a key might have part of its history available due to traditional GC removing part of the history.
+- We limit gc-compaction to run over shards <= 150GB to avoid gc-compaction taking too much time blocking other compaction jobs. The sub-compaction split algorithm needs to be improved to be able to split vertically and horizontally. Also, we need to move the download layer process out of the compaction loop so that we don't block other compaction jobs for too long.
+- The compaction trigger always schedules gc-compaction from the lowest LSN to the gc-horizon. Currently we do not schedule compaction jobs that only selects layers in the middle. Allowing this could potentially reduce the number of layers read/write throughout the process.
+- gc-compaction will give up if there are too many layers to rewrite or if there are not enough disk space for the compaction.
+- gc-compaction sometimes fails with "no key produced during compaction", which means that all existing keys within the compaction range can be collected; but we don't have a way to write this information back to the layer map -- we cannot generate an empty image layer.
+- We limit the maximum size of deltas for a single key to 512MB. If above this size, gc-compaction will give up. This can be resolved by changing `generate_key_retention` to be a stream instead of requiring to collect all the key history.
+
+In the future,
+
+- Top-most compaction: ensure we always have an image coverage for the latest data (or near the latest data), so that reads will be fast at the latest LSN.
+- Tiered compaction on deltas: ensure read from any LSN is fast.
+- Per-timeline compaction → tenant-wide compaction?
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+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="13" fill="black" x="233.52364" y="12" xml:space="preserve">Deltas above GC Horizon</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_33">
+        <rect x="304" y="630.474" width="485.5" height="28.447998" fill="#c0ffff"/>
+        <text transform="translate(309 637.016)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="13" fill="black" x="63.095" y="12" xml:space="preserve">Deltas and image below GC Horizon gets garbage-collected</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_34">
+        <text transform="translate(576.5 444.0325)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" x="0" y="11" xml:space="preserve">WAL replay of deltas+image below GC Horizon</tspan>
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" x="0" y="25.336" xml:space="preserve">Reshuffle deltas</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+    </g>
+  </g>
+</svg>
--- a/docs/rfcs/images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/03-retain-lsn.svg
+++ b/docs/rfcs/images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/03-retain-lsn.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xl="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" version="1.1" viewBox="-104 215 863 335" width="863" height="335">
+  <defs>
+    <marker orient="auto" overflow="visible" markerUnits="strokeWidth" id="FilledArrow_Marker" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke-miterlimit="10" viewBox="-1 -4 10 8" markerWidth="10" markerHeight="8" color="#7f8080">
+      <g>
+        <path d="M 8 0 L 0 -3 L 0 3 Z" fill="currentColor" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+    </marker>
+  </defs>
+  <g id="03-retain-lsn" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-dasharray="none" stroke="none" fill="none" fill-opacity="1">
+    <title>03-retain-lsn</title>
+    <rect fill="white" x="-104" y="215" width="863" height="335"/>
+    <g id="03-retain-lsn_Layer_1">
+      <title>Layer 1</title>
+      <g id="Graphic_28">
+        <rect x="48" y="477" width="203.5" height="9.990005" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="48" y="477" width="203.5" height="9.990005" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_27">
+        <rect x="267.5" y="477" width="203.5" height="9.990005" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="267.5" y="477" width="203.5" height="9.990005" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_26">
+        <rect x="486.5" y="477" width="203.5" height="9.990005" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="486.5" y="477" width="203.5" height="9.990005" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Line_20">
+        <line x1="-.5" y1="387.172" x2="757.7734" y2="387.172" stroke="#7f8080" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_19">
+        <text transform="translate(-99 378.448)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="16" fill="black" x="0" y="15" xml:space="preserve">GC Horizon</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_31">
+        <rect x="48.25" y="410" width="203.5" height="9.990005" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="48.25" y="410" width="203.5" height="9.990005" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_30">
+        <rect x="267.75" y="410" width="203.5" height="9.990005" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="267.75" y="410" width="203.5" height="9.990005" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_29">
+        <rect x="486.75" y="410" width="203.5" height="9.990005" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="486.75" y="410" width="203.5" height="9.990005" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_34">
+        <rect x="48.25" y="431.495" width="113.75" height="34" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="48.25" y="431.495" width="113.75" height="34" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_33">
+        <rect x="172.5" y="431.495" width="203.5" height="34" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="172.5" y="431.495" width="203.5" height="34" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_32">
+        <rect x="386.5" y="431.495" width="303.5" height="34" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="386.5" y="431.495" width="303.5" height="34" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_37">
+        <rect x="48" y="498.495" width="203.5" height="9.990005" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="48" y="498.495" width="203.5" height="9.990005" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_36">
+        <rect x="267.5" y="498.495" width="203.5" height="9.990005" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="267.5" y="498.495" width="203.5" height="9.990005" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_35">
+        <rect x="486.5" y="498.495" width="203.5" height="9.990005" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="486.5" y="498.495" width="203.5" height="9.990005" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Line_38">
+        <line x1="-10.48" y1="535.5395" x2="39.318294" y2="508.24794" marker-end="url(#FilledArrow_Marker)" stroke="#7f8080" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_39">
+        <text transform="translate(-96.984 526.3155)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="16" fill="black" x="40500936e-20" y="15" xml:space="preserve">retain_lsn 1</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Line_41">
+        <line x1="-10.48" y1="507.0915" x2="38.90236" y2="485.8992" marker-end="url(#FilledArrow_Marker)" stroke="#7f8080" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_40">
+        <text transform="translate(-96.984 497.8675)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="16" fill="black" x="40500936e-20" y="15" xml:space="preserve">retain_lsn 2</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Line_43">
+        <line x1="-10.48" y1="478.6435" x2="39.44267" y2="453.01616" marker-end="url(#FilledArrow_Marker)" stroke="#7f8080" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_42">
+        <text transform="translate(-96.984 469.4195)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="16" fill="black" x="40500936e-20" y="15" xml:space="preserve">retain_lsn 3</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Line_45">
+        <line x1="-10.48" y1="448.495" x2="39.65061" y2="419.90015" marker-end="url(#FilledArrow_Marker)" stroke="#7f8080" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_44">
+        <text transform="translate(-96.984 439.271)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="16" fill="black" x="40500936e-20" y="15" xml:space="preserve">retain_lsn 4</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_46">
+        <rect x="335.46477" y="215.5" width="353.4299" height="125.495" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="335.46477" y="215.5" width="353.4299" height="125.495" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_48">
+        <text transform="translate(549.3766 317.547)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="16" fill="black" x="6536993e-19" y="15" xml:space="preserve">Dependent Branch</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_50">
+        <text transform="translate(340.43824 317.547)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="16" fill="black" x="40500936e-20" y="15" xml:space="preserve">retain_lsn 3</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Line_57">
+        <line x1="323.90685" y1="248.8045" x2="714.9232" y2="248.8045" stroke="#7f8080" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_56">
+        <text transform="translate(165.91346 240.0805)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="16" fill="black" x="35811354e-19" y="15" xml:space="preserve">Branch GC Horizon</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_58">
+        <rect x="493.9232" y="301.6405" width="107.45294" height="9.990005" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="493.9232" y="301.6405" width="107.45294" height="9.990005" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_59">
+        <text transform="translate(358.9232 277.276)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="16" fill="black" x="0" y="15" xml:space="preserve">Partial Image Coverage</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_60">
+        <rect x="354.1732" y="301.6405" width="107.45294" height="9.990005" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="354.1732" y="301.6405" width="107.45294" height="9.990005" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+    </g>
+  </g>
+</svg>
--- a/docs/rfcs/images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/05-btmgc-parent.svg
+++ b/docs/rfcs/images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/05-btmgc-parent.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xl="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" version="1.1" viewBox="-235 426 864 366" width="864" height="366">
+  <defs/>
+  <g id="05-btmgc-parent" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-dasharray="none" stroke="none" fill="none" fill-opacity="1">
+    <title>05-btmgc-parent</title>
+    <rect fill="white" x="-235" y="426" width="864" height="366"/>
+    <g id="05-btmgc-parent_Layer_1">
+      <title>Layer 1</title>
+      <g id="Graphic_23">
+        <rect x="-83" y="510.15" width="203.5" height="26.391998" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="-83" y="510.15" width="203.5" height="26.391998" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+        <text transform="translate(-78 516.178)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" x="51.714" y="11" xml:space="preserve">Append C@0x30</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_22">
+        <rect x="136.5" y="510.15" width="203.5" height="26.391998" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="136.5" y="510.15" width="203.5" height="26.391998" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_21">
+        <rect x="355.5" y="510.15" width="203.5" height="26.391998" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="355.5" y="510.15" width="203.5" height="26.391998" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Line_20">
+        <line x1="-100.448" y1="459.224" x2="626.77344" y2="459.224" stroke="#7f8080" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_19">
+        <text transform="translate(-230 450.5)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="16" fill="black" x="0" y="15" xml:space="preserve">GC Horizon</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_18">
+        <rect x="-82.75" y="426.748" width="203.5" height="26.391998" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="-82.75" y="426.748" width="203.5" height="26.391998" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+        <text transform="translate(-77.75 432.776)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" x="52.602" y="11" xml:space="preserve">Append F@0x60</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_17">
+        <rect x="136.75" y="426.748" width="203.5" height="26.391998" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="136.75" y="426.748" width="203.5" height="26.391998" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_16">
+        <rect x="355.75" y="426.748" width="203.5" height="26.391998" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="355.75" y="426.748" width="203.5" height="26.391998" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_15">
+        <rect x="-82.75" y="464.645" width="113.75" height="34" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="-82.75" y="464.645" width="113.75" height="34" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+        <text transform="translate(-77.75 467.309)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" x="7.505" y="11" xml:space="preserve">Append E@0x50</tspan>
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" x="6.947" y="25.336" xml:space="preserve">Append D@0x40</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_14">
+        <rect x="41.5" y="464.645" width="203.5" height="34" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="41.5" y="464.645" width="203.5" height="34" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_13">
+        <rect x="255.5" y="464.645" width="303.5" height="34" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="255.5" y="464.645" width="303.5" height="34" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_12">
+        <rect x="-83" y="548.047" width="203.5" height="26.391998" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="-83" y="548.047" width="203.5" height="26.391998" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+        <text transform="translate(-78 554.075)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" x="26.796" y="11" xml:space="preserve">A@0x10, Append B@0x20</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_11">
+        <rect x="136.5" y="548.047" width="203.5" height="26.391998" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="136.5" y="548.047" width="203.5" height="26.391998" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_10">
+        <rect x="355.5" y="548.047" width="203.5" height="26.391998" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="355.5" y="548.047" width="203.5" height="26.391998" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Line_24">
+        <line x1="-104" y1="542" x2="610.5" y2="542" stroke="#7f8080" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-dasharray="4.0,4.0" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_25">
+        <text transform="translate(-139.604 534.5)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="14" fill="black" x="0" y="13" xml:space="preserve">0x20</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_28">
+        <text transform="translate(-139.604 452.556)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="14" fill="black" x="0" y="13" xml:space="preserve">0x50</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Line_30">
+        <line x1="-100.448" y1="481.145" x2="614.052" y2="481.145" stroke="#7f8080" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-dasharray="4.0,4.0" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_29">
+        <text transform="translate(-139.604 473.449)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="14" fill="black" x="0" y="13" xml:space="preserve">0x40</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Line_48">
+        <line x1="-99.448" y1="701.513" x2="627.77344" y2="701.513" stroke="#7f8080" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_47">
+        <text transform="translate(-229 692.789)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="16" fill="black" x="0" y="15" xml:space="preserve">GC Horizon</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_46">
+        <rect x="-81.75" y="670.496" width="113.75" height="26.391998" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="-81.75" y="670.496" width="113.75" height="26.391998" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+        <text transform="translate(-76.75 676.524)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" x="7.727" y="11" xml:space="preserve">Append F@0x60</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_43">
+        <rect x="-81.75" y="708.393" width="113.75" height="34" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="-81.75" y="708.393" width="113.75" height="34" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+        <text transform="translate(-76.75 718.225)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" x="7.505" y="11" xml:space="preserve">Append E@0x50</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Line_37">
+        <line x1="-101" y1="777.2665" x2="613.5" y2="777.2665" stroke="#7f8080" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-dasharray="4.0,4.0" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_36">
+        <text transform="translate(-138.604 769.7665)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="14" fill="black" x="0" y="13" xml:space="preserve">0x20</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_33">
+        <text transform="translate(-138.604 694.845)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="14" fill="black" x="0" y="13" xml:space="preserve">0x50</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Line_32">
+        <line x1="-99.448" y1="755.089" x2="615.052" y2="755.089" stroke="#7f8080" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-dasharray="4.0,4.0" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_31">
+        <text transform="translate(-138.604 747.393)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="14" fill="black" x="0" y="13" xml:space="preserve">0x40</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_40">
+        <rect x="-82" y="770.909" width="203.5" height="14.107002" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="-82" y="770.909" width="203.5" height="14.107002" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+        <text transform="translate(-77 770.7945)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" x="70.836" y="11" xml:space="preserve">AB@0x20</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_39">
+        <rect x="137.5" y="770.909" width="203.5" height="14.107002" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="137.5" y="770.909" width="203.5" height="14.107002" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_38">
+        <rect x="356.5" y="770.909" width="203.5" height="14.107002" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="356.5" y="770.909" width="203.5" height="14.107002" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_54">
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--- a/docs/rfcs/images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/06-btmgc-child.svg
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+        <text transform="translate(-200 561.58)" fill="black">
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+      <g id="Graphic_45">
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+        <text transform="translate(-199.75 478.178)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" x="52.158" y="11" xml:space="preserve">Append S@0x60</tspan>
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+        <text transform="translate(-199.75 512.711)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" x="7.061" y="11" xml:space="preserve">Append R@0x50</tspan>
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" x="6.611" y="25.336" xml:space="preserve">Append Q@0x40</tspan>
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+        <text transform="translate(-261.604 498.056)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="14" fill="black" x="0" y="13" xml:space="preserve">0x50</tspan>
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+        <text transform="translate(-198.75 729.607)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" x="52.033" y="11" xml:space="preserve">Append S@0x60</tspan>
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+        <text transform="translate(-260.604 748.86)" fill="black">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="14" fill="black" x="0" y="13" xml:space="preserve">0x50</tspan>
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+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="14" fill="black" x="0" y="13" xml:space="preserve">0x20</tspan>
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+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_5">
+        <rect x="-204" y="802.612" width="203.5" height="14.107002" fill="white"/>
+        <rect x="-204" y="802.612" width="203.5" height="14.107002" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
+        <text transform="translate(-199 802.4975)" fill="#b1001c">
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="#b1001c" x="70.836" y="11" xml:space="preserve">AB</tspan>
+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" y="11" xml:space="preserve">@0x20</tspan>
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+      <g id="Graphic_4">
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+      <g id="Graphic_2">
+        <text transform="translate(-406 800.2455)" fill="black">
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+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_48">
+        <path d="M 89.32422 639.081 L 143.17578 639.081 L 143.17578 665.413 L 165.84375 665.413 L 116.25 687.198 L 66.65625 665.413 L 89.32422 665.413 Z" fill="white"/>
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+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="12" fill="black" y="11" xml:space="preserve">PQR@0x50</tspan>
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+        <rect x="14.5" y="723.579" width="203.5" height="26.391998" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
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+        <rect x="233.5" y="723.579" width="203.5" height="26.391998" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
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+        <rect x="9" y="762.085" width="203.5" height="26.391998" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
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+      <g id="Graphic_62">
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+        <rect x="225" y="762.085" width="213" height="26.391998" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
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+    </g>
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+</svg>
--- a/docs/rfcs/images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/07-btmgc-analysis-1.svg
+++ b/docs/rfcs/images/036-bottom-most-gc-compaction/07-btmgc-analysis-1.svg
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xl="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" version="1.1" viewBox="-556 476 923 411" width="923" height="411">
+  <defs/>
+  <g id="07-btmgc-analysis-1" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-dasharray="none" stroke="none" fill="none" fill-opacity="1">
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+    <rect fill="white" x="-556" y="476" width="923" height="411"/>
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+      <g id="Graphic_85">
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+        <rect x="-404" y="609.062" width="203.5" height="17.5" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
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+        <rect x="-184.5" y="609.062" width="203.5" height="17.5" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
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+        <rect x="19" y="479.922" width="127" height="77.5" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
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+        <rect x="160" y="479.922" width="78" height="77.5" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1"/>
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+        <text transform="translate(-531.59 602.448)" fill="black">
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+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="16" fill="black" x="8739676e-19" y="15" xml:space="preserve">Deltas</tspan>
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+          <tspan font-family="Helvetica Neue" font-size="16" fill="black" x="17.297502" y="15" xml:space="preserve">Delta Layer</tspan>
+        </text>
+      </g>
+      <g id="Graphic_79">
+        <rect x="241" y="766.759" width="125.49101" height="17.5" fill="#6b7ca5"/>
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+        </text>
+      </g>
+    </g>
+  </g>
+</svg>
--- a/endpoint_storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/endpoint_storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ anyhow.workspace = true
 axum-extra.workspace = true
 axum.workspace = true
 camino.workspace = true
+clap.workspace = true
 futures.workspace = true
 jsonwebtoken.workspace = true
 prometheus.workspace = true
--- a/endpoint_storage/src/app.rs
+++ b/endpoint_storage/src/app.rs
@@ -462,6 +462,8 @@ MC4CAQAwBQYDK2VwBCIEID/Drmc1AA6U/znNRWpF3zEGegOATQxfkdWxitcOMsIH
        if var(REAL_S3_ENV).is_ok() {
            assert!(body.contains("remote_storage_s3_deleted_objects_total"));
        }
+
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
        assert!(body.contains("process_threads"));
    }

--- a/endpoint_storage/src/main.rs
+++ b/endpoint_storage/src/main.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 //! for large computes.
 mod app;
 use anyhow::Context;
+use clap::Parser;
+use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
 use tracing::info;
 use utils::logging;

@@ -12,9 +14,26 @@ const fn max_upload_file_limit() -> usize {
    100 * 1024 * 1024
 }

+const fn listen() -> SocketAddr {
+    SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0)), 51243)
+}
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
+struct Args {
+    #[arg(exclusive = true)]
+    config_file: Option<String>,
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "false", requires = "config")]
+    /// to allow testing k8s helm chart where we don't have s3 credentials
+    no_s3_check_on_startup: bool,
+    #[arg(long, value_name = "FILE")]
+    /// inline config mode for k8s helm chart
+    config: Option<String>,
+}
+
 #[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
 #[serde(tag = "type")]
 struct Config {
+    #[serde(default = "listen")]
    listen: std::net::SocketAddr,
    pemfile: camino::Utf8PathBuf,
    #[serde(flatten)]
@@ -31,13 +50,18 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
        logging::Output::Stdout,
    )?;

-    let config: String = std::env::args().skip(1).take(1).collect();
-    if config.is_empty() {
-        anyhow::bail!("Usage: endpoint_storage config.json")
-    }
-    info!("Reading config from {config}");
-    let config = std::fs::read_to_string(config.clone())?;
-    let config: Config = serde_json::from_str(&config).context("parsing config")?;
+    let args = Args::parse();
+    let config: Config = if let Some(config_path) = args.config_file {
+        info!("Reading config from {config_path}");
+        let config = std::fs::read_to_string(config_path)?;
+        serde_json::from_str(&config).context("parsing config")?
+    } else if let Some(config) = args.config {
+        info!("Reading inline config");
+        serde_json::from_str(&config).context("parsing config")?
+    } else {
+        anyhow::bail!("Supply either config file path or --config=inline-config");
+    };
+
    info!("Reading pemfile from {}", config.pemfile.clone());
    let pemfile = std::fs::read(config.pemfile.clone())?;
    info!("Loading public key from {}", config.pemfile.clone());
@@ -48,7 +72,9 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {

    let storage = remote_storage::GenericRemoteStorage::from_config(&config.storage_config).await?;
    let cancel = tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken::new();
-    app::check_storage_permissions(&storage, cancel.clone()).await?;
+    if !args.no_s3_check_on_startup {
+        app::check_storage_permissions(&storage, cancel.clone()).await?;
+    }

    let proxy = std::sync::Arc::new(endpoint_storage::Storage {
        auth,
--- a/libs/compute_api/src/spec.rs
+++ b/libs/compute_api/src/spec.rs
@@ -178,9 +178,9 @@ pub struct ComputeSpec {
    /// JWT for authorizing requests to endpoint storage service
    pub endpoint_storage_token: Option<String>,

-    /// If true, download LFC state from endpoint_storage and pass it to Postgres on startup
+    /// Download LFC state from endpoint_storage and pass it to Postgres on startup
    #[serde(default)]
-    pub prewarm_lfc_on_startup: bool,
+    pub autoprewarm: bool,
 }

 /// Feature flag to signal `compute_ctl` to enable certain experimental functionality.
@@ -192,6 +192,9 @@ pub enum ComputeFeature {
    /// track short-lived connections as user activity.
    ActivityMonitorExperimental,

+    /// Enable TLS functionality.
+    TlsExperimental,
+
    /// This is a special feature flag that is used to represent unknown feature flags.
    /// Basically all unknown to enum flags are represented as this one. See unit test
    /// `parse_unknown_features()` for more details.
@@ -250,34 +253,44 @@ impl RemoteExtSpec {
        }

        match self.extension_data.get(real_ext_name) {
-            Some(_ext_data) => {
-                // We have decided to use the Go naming convention due to Kubernetes.
-
-                let arch = match std::env::consts::ARCH {
-                    "x86_64" => "amd64",
-                    "aarch64" => "arm64",
-                    arch => arch,
-                };
-
-                // Construct the path to the extension archive
-                // BUILD_TAG/PG_MAJOR_VERSION/extensions/EXTENSION_NAME.tar.zst
-                //
-                // Keep it in sync with path generation in
-                // https://github.com/neondatabase/build-custom-extensions/tree/main
-                let archive_path_str = format!(
-                    "{build_tag}/{arch}/{pg_major_version}/extensions/{real_ext_name}.tar.zst"
-                );
-                Ok((
-                    real_ext_name.to_string(),
-                    RemotePath::from_string(&archive_path_str)?,
-                ))
-            }
+            Some(_ext_data) => Ok((
+                real_ext_name.to_string(),
+                Self::build_remote_path(build_tag, pg_major_version, real_ext_name)?,
+            )),
            None => Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
                "real_ext_name {} is not found",
                real_ext_name
            )),
        }
    }
+
+    /// Get the architecture-specific portion of the remote extension path. We
+    /// use the Go naming convention due to Kubernetes.
+    fn get_arch() -> &'static str {
+        match std::env::consts::ARCH {
+            "x86_64" => "amd64",
+            "aarch64" => "arm64",
+            arch => arch,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Build a [`RemotePath`] for an extension.
+    fn build_remote_path(
+        build_tag: &str,
+        pg_major_version: &str,
+        ext_name: &str,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<RemotePath> {
+        let arch = Self::get_arch();
+
+        // Construct the path to the extension archive
+        // BUILD_TAG/PG_MAJOR_VERSION/extensions/EXTENSION_NAME.tar.zst
+        //
+        // Keep it in sync with path generation in
+        // https://github.com/neondatabase/build-custom-extensions/tree/main
+        RemotePath::from_string(&format!(
+            "{build_tag}/{arch}/{pg_major_version}/extensions/{ext_name}.tar.zst"
+        ))
+    }
 }

 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
@@ -518,6 +531,37 @@ mod tests {
            .expect("Library should be found");
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn remote_extension_path() {
+        let rspec: RemoteExtSpec = serde_json::from_value(serde_json::json!({
+            "public_extensions": ["ext"],
+            "custom_extensions": [],
+            "library_index": {
+                "extlib": "ext",
+            },
+            "extension_data": {
+                "ext": {
+                    "control_data": {
+                        "ext.control": ""
+                    },
+                    "archive_path": ""
+                }
+            },
+        }))
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let (_ext_name, ext_path) = rspec
+            .get_ext("ext", false, "latest", "v17")
+            .expect("Extension should be found");
+        // Starting with a forward slash would have consequences for the
+        // Url::join() that occurs when downloading a remote extension.
+        assert!(!ext_path.to_string().starts_with("/"));
+        assert_eq!(
+            ext_path,
+            RemoteExtSpec::build_remote_path("latest", "v17", "ext").unwrap()
+        );
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn parse_spec_file() {
        let file = File::open("tests/cluster_spec.json").unwrap();
--- a/libs/compute_api/tests/cluster_spec.json
+++ b/libs/compute_api/tests/cluster_spec.json
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
                "vartype": "bool"
            },
            {
-                "name": "prewarm_lfc_on_startup",
+                "name": "autoprewarm",
                "value": "off",
                "vartype": "bool"
            },
--- a/libs/metrics/src/hll.rs
+++ b/libs/metrics/src/hll.rs
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl<const N: usize> MetricType for HyperLogLogState<N> {
 }

 impl<const N: usize> HyperLogLogState<N> {
-    pub fn measure(&self, item: &impl Hash) {
+    pub fn measure(&self, item: &(impl Hash + ?Sized)) {
        // changing the hasher will break compatibility with previous measurements.
        self.record(BuildHasherDefault::<xxh3::Hash64>::default().hash_one(item));
    }
--- a/libs/metrics/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/metrics/src/lib.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ pub use prometheus::{

 pub mod launch_timestamp;
 mod wrappers;
+pub use prometheus;
 pub use wrappers::{CountedReader, CountedWriter};
 mod hll;
 pub use hll::{HyperLogLog, HyperLogLogState, HyperLogLogVec};
--- a/libs/neon-shmem/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libs/neon-shmem/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[package]
+name = "neon-shmem"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+thiserror.workspace = true
+nix.workspace=true
+workspace_hack = { version = "0.1", path = "../../workspace_hack" }
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
+tempfile = "3.14.0"
--- a/libs/neon-shmem/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/neon-shmem/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+//! Shared memory utilities for neon communicator
+
+use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
+use std::os::fd::{AsFd, BorrowedFd, OwnedFd};
+use std::ptr::NonNull;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use nix::sys::mman::MapFlags;
+use nix::sys::mman::ProtFlags;
+use nix::sys::mman::mmap as nix_mmap;
+use nix::sys::mman::munmap as nix_munmap;
+use nix::unistd::ftruncate as nix_ftruncate;
+
+/// ShmemHandle represents a shared memory area that can be shared by processes over fork().
+/// Unlike shared memory allocated by Postgres, this area is resizable, up to 'max_size' that's
+/// specified at creation.
+///
+/// The area is backed by an anonymous file created with memfd_create(). The full address space for
+/// 'max_size' is reserved up-front with mmap(), but whenever you call [`ShmemHandle::set_size`],
+/// the underlying file is resized. Do not access the area beyond the current size. Currently, that
+/// will cause the file to be expanded, but we might use mprotect() etc. to enforce that in the
+/// future.
+pub struct ShmemHandle {
+    /// memfd file descriptor
+    fd: OwnedFd,
+
+    max_size: usize,
+
+    // Pointer to the beginning of the shared memory area. The header is stored there.
+    shared_ptr: NonNull<SharedStruct>,
+
+    // Pointer to the beginning of the user data
+    pub data_ptr: NonNull<u8>,
+}
+
+/// This is stored at the beginning in the shared memory area.
+struct SharedStruct {
+    max_size: usize,
+
+    /// Current size of the backing file. The high-order bit is used for the RESIZE_IN_PROGRESS flag
+    current_size: AtomicUsize,
+}
+
+const RESIZE_IN_PROGRESS: usize = 1 << 63;
+
+const HEADER_SIZE: usize = std::mem::size_of::<SharedStruct>();
+
+/// Error type returned by the ShmemHandle functions.
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
+#[error("{msg}: {errno}")]
+pub struct Error {
+    pub msg: String,
+    pub errno: Errno,
+}
+
+impl Error {
+    fn new(msg: &str, errno: Errno) -> Error {
+        Error {
+            msg: msg.to_string(),
+            errno,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ShmemHandle {
+    /// Create a new shared memory area. To communicate between processes, the processes need to be
+    /// fork()'d after calling this, so that the ShmemHandle is inherited by all processes.
+    ///
+    /// If the ShmemHandle is dropped, the memory is unmapped from the current process. Other
+    /// processes can continue using it, however.
+    pub fn new(name: &str, initial_size: usize, max_size: usize) -> Result<ShmemHandle, Error> {
+        // create the backing anonymous file.
+        let fd = create_backing_file(name)?;
+
+        Self::new_with_fd(fd, initial_size, max_size)
+    }
+
+    fn new_with_fd(
+        fd: OwnedFd,
+        initial_size: usize,
+        max_size: usize,
+    ) -> Result<ShmemHandle, Error> {
+        // We reserve the high-order bit for the RESIZE_IN_PROGRESS flag, and the actual size
+        // is a little larger than this because of the SharedStruct header. Make the upper limit
+        // somewhat smaller than that, because with anything close to that, you'll run out of
+        // memory anyway.
+        if max_size >= 1 << 48 {
+            panic!("max size {} too large", max_size);
+        }
+        if initial_size > max_size {
+            panic!("initial size {initial_size} larger than max size {max_size}");
+        }
+
+        // The actual initial / max size is the one given by the caller, plus the size of
+        // 'SharedStruct'.
+        let initial_size = HEADER_SIZE + initial_size;
+        let max_size = NonZeroUsize::new(HEADER_SIZE + max_size).unwrap();
+
+        // Reserve address space for it with mmap
+        //
+        // TODO: Use MAP_HUGETLB if possible
+        let start_ptr = unsafe {
+            nix_mmap(
+                None,
+                max_size,
+                ProtFlags::PROT_READ | ProtFlags::PROT_WRITE,
+                MapFlags::MAP_SHARED,
+                &fd,
+                0,
+            )
+        }
+        .map_err(|e| Error::new("mmap failed: {e}", e))?;
+
+        // Reserve space for the initial size
+        enlarge_file(fd.as_fd(), initial_size as u64)?;
+
+        // Initialize the header
+        let shared: NonNull<SharedStruct> = start_ptr.cast();
+        unsafe {
+            shared.write(SharedStruct {
+                max_size: max_size.into(),
+                current_size: AtomicUsize::new(initial_size),
+            })
+        };
+
+        // The user data begins after the header
+        let data_ptr = unsafe { start_ptr.cast().add(HEADER_SIZE) };
+
+        Ok(ShmemHandle {
+            fd,
+            max_size: max_size.into(),
+            shared_ptr: shared,
+            data_ptr,
+        })
+    }
+
+    // return reference to the header
+    fn shared(&self) -> &SharedStruct {
+        unsafe { self.shared_ptr.as_ref() }
+    }
+
+    /// Resize the shared memory area. 'new_size' must not be larger than the 'max_size' specified
+    /// when creating the area.
+    ///
+    /// This may only be called from one process/thread concurrently. We detect that case
+    /// and return an Error.
+    pub fn set_size(&self, new_size: usize) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let new_size = new_size + HEADER_SIZE;
+        let shared = self.shared();
+
+        if new_size > self.max_size {
+            panic!(
+                "new size ({} is greater than max size ({})",
+                new_size, self.max_size
+            );
+        }
+        assert_eq!(self.max_size, shared.max_size);
+
+        // Lock the area by setting the bit in 'current_size'
+        //
+        // Ordering::Relaxed would probably be sufficient here, as we don't access any other memory
+        // and the posix_fallocate/ftruncate call is surely a synchronization point anyway. But
+        // since this is not performance-critical, better safe than sorry .
+        let mut old_size = shared.current_size.load(Ordering::Acquire);
+        loop {
+            if (old_size & RESIZE_IN_PROGRESS) != 0 {
+                return Err(Error::new(
+                    "concurrent resize detected",
+                    Errno::UnknownErrno,
+                ));
+            }
+            match shared.current_size.compare_exchange(
+                old_size,
+                new_size,
+                Ordering::Acquire,
+                Ordering::Relaxed,
+            ) {
+                Ok(_) => break,
+                Err(x) => old_size = x,
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Ok, we got the lock.
+        //
+        // NB: If anything goes wrong, we *must* clear the bit!
+        let result = {
+            use std::cmp::Ordering::{Equal, Greater, Less};
+            match new_size.cmp(&old_size) {
+                Less => nix_ftruncate(&self.fd, new_size as i64).map_err(|e| {
+                    Error::new("could not shrink shmem segment, ftruncate failed: {e}", e)
+                }),
+                Equal => Ok(()),
+                Greater => enlarge_file(self.fd.as_fd(), new_size as u64),
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Unlock
+        shared.current_size.store(
+            if result.is_ok() { new_size } else { old_size },
+            Ordering::Release,
+        );
+
+        result
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the current user-visible size of the shared memory segment.
+    ///
+    /// NOTE: a concurrent set_size() call can change the size at any time. It is the caller's
+    /// responsibility not to access the area beyond the current size.
+    pub fn current_size(&self) -> usize {
+        let total_current_size =
+            self.shared().current_size.load(Ordering::Relaxed) & !RESIZE_IN_PROGRESS;
+        total_current_size - HEADER_SIZE
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for ShmemHandle {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // SAFETY: The pointer was obtained from mmap() with the given size.
+        // We unmap the entire region.
+        let _ = unsafe { nix_munmap(self.shared_ptr.cast(), self.max_size) };
+        // The fd is dropped automatically by OwnedFd.
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create a "backing file" for the shared memory area. On Linux, use memfd_create(), to create an
+/// anonymous in-memory file. One macos, fall back to a regular file. That's good enough for
+/// development and testing, but in production we want the file to stay in memory.
+///
+/// disable 'unused_variables' warnings, because in the macos path, 'name' is unused.
+#[allow(unused_variables)]
+fn create_backing_file(name: &str) -> Result<OwnedFd, Error> {
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
+    {
+        nix::sys::memfd::memfd_create(name, nix::sys::memfd::MFdFlags::empty())
+            .map_err(|e| Error::new("memfd_create failed: {e}", e))
+    }
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    {
+        let file = tempfile::tempfile().map_err(|e| {
+            Error::new(
+                "could not create temporary file to back shmem area: {e}",
+                nix::errno::Errno::from_raw(e.raw_os_error().unwrap_or(0)),
+            )
+        })?;
+        Ok(OwnedFd::from(file))
+    }
+}
+
+fn enlarge_file(fd: BorrowedFd, size: u64) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    // Use posix_fallocate() to enlarge the file. It reserves the space correctly, so that
+    // we don't get a segfault later when trying to actually use it.
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
+    {
+        nix::fcntl::posix_fallocate(fd, 0, size as i64).map_err(|e| {
+            Error::new(
+                "could not grow shmem segment, posix_fallocate failed: {e}",
+                e,
+            )
+        })
+    }
+    // As a fallback on macos, which doesn't have posix_fallocate, use plain 'fallocate'
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    {
+        nix::unistd::ftruncate(fd, size as i64)
+            .map_err(|e| Error::new("could not grow shmem segment, ftruncate failed: {e}", e))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    use nix::unistd::ForkResult;
+    use std::ops::Range;
+
+    /// check that all bytes in given range have the expected value.
+    fn assert_range(ptr: *const u8, expected: u8, range: Range<usize>) {
+        for i in range {
+            let b = unsafe { *(ptr.add(i)) };
+            assert_eq!(expected, b, "unexpected byte at offset {}", i);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Write 'b' to all bytes in the given range
+    fn write_range(ptr: *mut u8, b: u8, range: Range<usize>) {
+        unsafe { std::ptr::write_bytes(ptr.add(range.start), b, range.end - range.start) };
+    }
+
+    // simple single-process test of growing and shrinking
+    #[test]
+    fn test_shmem_resize() -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let max_size = 1024 * 1024;
+        let init_struct = ShmemHandle::new("test_shmem_resize", 0, max_size)?;
+
+        assert_eq!(init_struct.current_size(), 0);
+
+        // Initial grow
+        let size1 = 10000;
+        init_struct.set_size(size1).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(init_struct.current_size(), size1);
+
+        // Write some data
+        let data_ptr = init_struct.data_ptr.as_ptr();
+        write_range(data_ptr, 0xAA, 0..size1);
+        assert_range(data_ptr, 0xAA, 0..size1);
+
+        // Shrink
+        let size2 = 5000;
+        init_struct.set_size(size2).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(init_struct.current_size(), size2);
+
+        // Grow again
+        let size3 = 20000;
+        init_struct.set_size(size3).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(init_struct.current_size(), size3);
+
+        // Try to read it. The area that was shrunk and grown again should read as all zeros now
+        assert_range(data_ptr, 0xAA, 0..5000);
+        assert_range(data_ptr, 0, 5000..size1);
+
+        // Try to grow beyond max_size
+        //let size4 = max_size + 1;
+        //assert!(init_struct.set_size(size4).is_err());
+
+        // Dropping init_struct should unmap the memory
+        drop(init_struct);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// This is used in tests to coordinate between test processes. It's like std::sync::Barrier,
+    /// but is stored in the shared memory area and works across processes. It's implemented by
+    /// polling, because e.g. standard rust mutexes are not guaranteed to work across processes.
+    struct SimpleBarrier {
+        num_procs: usize,
+        count: AtomicUsize,
+    }
+
+    impl SimpleBarrier {
+        unsafe fn init(ptr: *mut SimpleBarrier, num_procs: usize) {
+            unsafe {
+                *ptr = SimpleBarrier {
+                    num_procs,
+                    count: AtomicUsize::new(0),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub fn wait(&self) {
+            let old = self.count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+
+            let generation = old / self.num_procs;
+
+            let mut current = old + 1;
+            while current < (generation + 1) * self.num_procs {
+                std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(10));
+                current = self.count.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_multi_process() {
+        // Initialize
+        let max_size = 1_000_000_000_000;
+        let init_struct = ShmemHandle::new("test_multi_process", 0, max_size).unwrap();
+        let ptr = init_struct.data_ptr.as_ptr();
+
+        // Store the SimpleBarrier in the first 1k of the area.
+        init_struct.set_size(10000).unwrap();
+        let barrier_ptr: *mut SimpleBarrier = unsafe {
+            ptr.add(ptr.align_offset(std::mem::align_of::<SimpleBarrier>()))
+                .cast()
+        };
+        unsafe { SimpleBarrier::init(barrier_ptr, 2) };
+        let barrier = unsafe { barrier_ptr.as_ref().unwrap() };
+
+        // Fork another test process. The code after this runs in both processes concurrently.
+        let fork_result = unsafe { nix::unistd::fork().unwrap() };
+
+        // In the parent, fill bytes between 1000..2000. In the child, between 2000..3000
+        if fork_result.is_parent() {
+            write_range(ptr, 0xAA, 1000..2000);
+        } else {
+            write_range(ptr, 0xBB, 2000..3000);
+        }
+        barrier.wait();
+        // Verify the contents. (in both processes)
+        assert_range(ptr, 0xAA, 1000..2000);
+        assert_range(ptr, 0xBB, 2000..3000);
+
+        // Grow, from the child this time
+        let size = 10_000_000;
+        if !fork_result.is_parent() {
+            init_struct.set_size(size).unwrap();
+        }
+        barrier.wait();
+
+        // make some writes at the end
+        if fork_result.is_parent() {
+            write_range(ptr, 0xAA, (size - 10)..size);
+        } else {
+            write_range(ptr, 0xBB, (size - 20)..(size - 10));
+        }
+        barrier.wait();
+
+        // Verify the contents. (This runs in both processes)
+        assert_range(ptr, 0, (size - 1000)..(size - 20));
+        assert_range(ptr, 0xBB, (size - 20)..(size - 10));
+        assert_range(ptr, 0xAA, (size - 10)..size);
+
+        if let ForkResult::Parent { child } = fork_result {
+            nix::sys::wait::waitpid(child, None).unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/config.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/config.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ pub const DEFAULT_PG_LISTEN_PORT: u16 = 64000;
 pub const DEFAULT_PG_LISTEN_ADDR: &str = formatcp!("127.0.0.1:{DEFAULT_PG_LISTEN_PORT}");
 pub const DEFAULT_HTTP_LISTEN_PORT: u16 = 9898;
 pub const DEFAULT_HTTP_LISTEN_ADDR: &str = formatcp!("127.0.0.1:{DEFAULT_HTTP_LISTEN_PORT}");
+// TODO: gRPC is disabled by default for now, but the port is used in neon_local.
+pub const DEFAULT_GRPC_LISTEN_PORT: u16 = 51051; // storage-broker already uses 50051

 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::num::{NonZeroU64, NonZeroUsize};
@@ -18,7 +20,6 @@ use postgres_backend::AuthType;
 use remote_storage::RemoteStorageConfig;
 use serde_with::serde_as;
 use utils::logging::LogFormat;
-use utils::postgres_client::PostgresClientProtocol;

 use crate::models::{ImageCompressionAlgorithm, LsnLease};

@@ -43,6 +44,21 @@ pub struct NodeMetadata {
    pub other: HashMap<String, serde_json::Value>,
 }

+/// PostHog integration config.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct PostHogConfig {
+    /// PostHog project ID
+    pub project_id: String,
+    /// Server-side (private) API key
+    pub server_api_key: String,
+    /// Client-side (public) API key
+    pub client_api_key: String,
+    /// Private API URL
+    pub private_api_url: String,
+    /// Public API URL
+    pub public_api_url: String,
+}
+
 /// `pageserver.toml`
 ///
 /// We use serde derive with `#[serde(default)]` to generate a deserializer
@@ -104,6 +120,7 @@ pub struct ConfigToml {
    pub listen_pg_addr: String,
    pub listen_http_addr: String,
    pub listen_https_addr: Option<String>,
+    pub listen_grpc_addr: Option<String>,
    pub ssl_key_file: Utf8PathBuf,
    pub ssl_cert_file: Utf8PathBuf,
    #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
@@ -123,6 +140,7 @@ pub struct ConfigToml {
    pub http_auth_type: AuthType,
    #[serde_as(as = "serde_with::DisplayFromStr")]
    pub pg_auth_type: AuthType,
+    pub grpc_auth_type: AuthType,
    pub auth_validation_public_key_path: Option<Utf8PathBuf>,
    pub remote_storage: Option<RemoteStorageConfig>,
    pub tenant_config: TenantConfigToml,
@@ -162,6 +180,7 @@ pub struct ConfigToml {
    pub virtual_file_io_engine: Option<crate::models::virtual_file::IoEngineKind>,
    pub ingest_batch_size: u64,
    pub max_vectored_read_bytes: MaxVectoredReadBytes,
+    pub max_get_vectored_keys: MaxGetVectoredKeys,
    pub image_compression: ImageCompressionAlgorithm,
    pub timeline_offloading: bool,
    pub ephemeral_bytes_per_memory_kb: usize,
@@ -169,7 +188,6 @@ pub struct ConfigToml {
    pub virtual_file_io_mode: Option<crate::models::virtual_file::IoMode>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub no_sync: Option<bool>,
-    pub wal_receiver_protocol: PostgresClientProtocol,
    pub page_service_pipelining: PageServicePipeliningConfig,
    pub get_vectored_concurrent_io: GetVectoredConcurrentIo,
    pub enable_read_path_debugging: Option<bool>,
@@ -182,7 +200,11 @@ pub struct ConfigToml {
    pub tracing: Option<Tracing>,
    pub enable_tls_page_service_api: bool,
    pub dev_mode: bool,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub posthog_config: Option<PostHogConfig>,
    pub timeline_import_config: TimelineImportConfig,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub basebackup_cache_config: Option<BasebackupCacheConfig>,
 }

 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
@@ -206,7 +228,7 @@ pub enum PageServicePipeliningConfig {
 }
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct PageServicePipeliningConfigPipelined {
-    /// Causes runtime errors if larger than max get_vectored batch size.
+    /// Failed config parsing and validation if larger than `max_get_vectored_keys`.
    pub max_batch_size: NonZeroUsize,
    pub execution: PageServiceProtocolPipelinedExecutionStrategy,
    // The default below is such that new versions of the software can start
@@ -235,7 +257,7 @@ pub enum PageServiceProtocolPipelinedBatchingStrategy {
    ScatteredLsn,
 }

-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 #[serde(tag = "mode", rename_all = "kebab-case")]
 pub enum GetVectoredConcurrentIo {
    /// The read path is fully sequential: layers are visited
@@ -305,6 +327,29 @@ impl From<OtelExporterProtocol> for tracing_utils::Protocol {
 pub struct TimelineImportConfig {
    pub import_job_concurrency: NonZeroUsize,
    pub import_job_soft_size_limit: NonZeroUsize,
+    pub import_job_checkpoint_threshold: NonZeroUsize,
+    /// Max size of the remote storage partial read done by any job
+    pub import_job_max_byte_range_size: NonZeroUsize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct BasebackupCacheConfig {
+    #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
+    pub cleanup_period: Duration,
+    // FIXME: Support max_size_bytes.
+    // pub max_size_bytes: usize,
+    pub max_size_entries: i64,
+}
+
+impl Default for BasebackupCacheConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            cleanup_period: Duration::from_secs(60),
+            // max_size_bytes: 1024 * 1024 * 1024, // 1 GiB
+            max_size_entries: 1000,
+        }
+    }
 }

 pub mod statvfs {
@@ -359,6 +404,16 @@ impl Default for EvictionOrder {
 #[serde(transparent)]
 pub struct MaxVectoredReadBytes(pub NonZeroUsize);

+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(transparent)]
+pub struct MaxGetVectoredKeys(NonZeroUsize);
+
+impl MaxGetVectoredKeys {
+    pub fn get(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.get()
+    }
+}
+
 /// Tenant-level configuration values, used for various purposes.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 #[serde(default)]
@@ -470,8 +525,6 @@ pub struct TenantConfigToml {
    /// (either this flag or the pageserver-global one need to be set)
    pub timeline_offloading: bool,

-    pub wal_receiver_protocol_override: Option<PostgresClientProtocol>,
-
    /// Enable rel_size_v2 for this tenant. Once enabled, the tenant will persist this information into
    /// `index_part.json`, and it cannot be reversed.
    pub rel_size_v2_enabled: bool,
@@ -490,6 +543,14 @@ pub struct TenantConfigToml {
    /// Tenant level performance sampling ratio override. Controls the ratio of get page requests
    /// that will get perf sampling for the tenant.
    pub sampling_ratio: Option<Ratio>,
+
+    /// Capacity of relsize snapshot cache (used by replicas).
+    pub relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity: usize,
+
+    /// Enable preparing basebackup on XLOG_CHECKPOINT_SHUTDOWN and using it in basebackup requests.
+    // FIXME: Remove skip_serializing_if when the feature is stable.
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "std::ops::Not::not")]
+    pub basebackup_cache_enabled: bool,
 }

 pub mod defaults {
@@ -535,6 +596,8 @@ pub mod defaults {
    /// That is, slightly above 128 kB.
    pub const DEFAULT_MAX_VECTORED_READ_BYTES: usize = 130 * 1024; // 130 KiB

+    pub const DEFAULT_MAX_GET_VECTORED_KEYS: usize = 32;
+
    pub const DEFAULT_IMAGE_COMPRESSION: ImageCompressionAlgorithm =
        ImageCompressionAlgorithm::Zstd { level: Some(1) };

@@ -542,9 +605,6 @@ pub mod defaults {

    pub const DEFAULT_IO_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT: usize = 512;

-    pub const DEFAULT_WAL_RECEIVER_PROTOCOL: utils::postgres_client::PostgresClientProtocol =
-        utils::postgres_client::PostgresClientProtocol::Vanilla;
-
    pub const DEFAULT_SSL_KEY_FILE: &str = "server.key";
    pub const DEFAULT_SSL_CERT_FILE: &str = "server.crt";
 }
@@ -557,6 +617,7 @@ impl Default for ConfigToml {
            listen_pg_addr: (DEFAULT_PG_LISTEN_ADDR.to_string()),
            listen_http_addr: (DEFAULT_HTTP_LISTEN_ADDR.to_string()),
            listen_https_addr: (None),
+            listen_grpc_addr: None, // TODO: default to 127.0.0.1:51051
            ssl_key_file: Utf8PathBuf::from(DEFAULT_SSL_KEY_FILE),
            ssl_cert_file: Utf8PathBuf::from(DEFAULT_SSL_CERT_FILE),
            ssl_cert_reload_period: Duration::from_secs(60),
@@ -573,6 +634,7 @@ impl Default for ConfigToml {
            pg_distrib_dir: None, // Utf8PathBuf::from("./pg_install"), // TODO: formely, this was std::env::current_dir()
            http_auth_type: (AuthType::Trust),
            pg_auth_type: (AuthType::Trust),
+            grpc_auth_type: (AuthType::Trust),
            auth_validation_public_key_path: (None),
            remote_storage: None,
            broker_endpoint: (storage_broker::DEFAULT_ENDPOINT
@@ -631,6 +693,9 @@ impl Default for ConfigToml {
            max_vectored_read_bytes: (MaxVectoredReadBytes(
                NonZeroUsize::new(DEFAULT_MAX_VECTORED_READ_BYTES).unwrap(),
            )),
+            max_get_vectored_keys: (MaxGetVectoredKeys(
+                NonZeroUsize::new(DEFAULT_MAX_GET_VECTORED_KEYS).unwrap(),
+            )),
            image_compression: (DEFAULT_IMAGE_COMPRESSION),
            timeline_offloading: true,
            ephemeral_bytes_per_memory_kb: (DEFAULT_EPHEMERAL_BYTES_PER_MEMORY_KB),
@@ -638,24 +703,15 @@ impl Default for ConfigToml {
            virtual_file_io_mode: None,
            tenant_config: TenantConfigToml::default(),
            no_sync: None,
-            wal_receiver_protocol: DEFAULT_WAL_RECEIVER_PROTOCOL,
-            page_service_pipelining: if !cfg!(test) {
-                PageServicePipeliningConfig::Serial
-            } else {
-                // Do not turn this into the default until scattered reads have been
-                // validated and rolled-out fully.
-                PageServicePipeliningConfig::Pipelined(PageServicePipeliningConfigPipelined {
+            page_service_pipelining: PageServicePipeliningConfig::Pipelined(
+                PageServicePipeliningConfigPipelined {
                    max_batch_size: NonZeroUsize::new(32).unwrap(),
                    execution: PageServiceProtocolPipelinedExecutionStrategy::ConcurrentFutures,
                    batching: PageServiceProtocolPipelinedBatchingStrategy::ScatteredLsn,
-                })
-            },
-            get_vectored_concurrent_io: if !cfg!(test) {
-                GetVectoredConcurrentIo::Sequential
-            } else {
-                GetVectoredConcurrentIo::SidecarTask
-            },
-            enable_read_path_debugging: if cfg!(test) || cfg!(feature = "testing") {
+                },
+            ),
+            get_vectored_concurrent_io: GetVectoredConcurrentIo::SidecarTask,
+            enable_read_path_debugging: if cfg!(feature = "testing") {
                Some(true)
            } else {
                None
@@ -667,9 +723,13 @@ impl Default for ConfigToml {
            enable_tls_page_service_api: false,
            dev_mode: false,
            timeline_import_config: TimelineImportConfig {
-                import_job_concurrency: NonZeroUsize::new(128).unwrap(),
-                import_job_soft_size_limit: NonZeroUsize::new(1024 * 1024 * 1024).unwrap(),
+                import_job_concurrency: NonZeroUsize::new(32).unwrap(),
+                import_job_soft_size_limit: NonZeroUsize::new(256 * 1024 * 1024).unwrap(),
+                import_job_checkpoint_threshold: NonZeroUsize::new(32).unwrap(),
+                import_job_max_byte_range_size: NonZeroUsize::new(4 * 1024 * 1024).unwrap(),
            },
+            basebackup_cache_config: None,
+            posthog_config: None,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -736,6 +796,7 @@ pub mod tenant_conf_defaults {
    pub const DEFAULT_GC_COMPACTION_VERIFICATION: bool = true;
    pub const DEFAULT_GC_COMPACTION_INITIAL_THRESHOLD_KB: u64 = 5 * 1024 * 1024; // 5GB
    pub const DEFAULT_GC_COMPACTION_RATIO_PERCENT: u64 = 100;
+    pub const DEFAULT_RELSIZE_SNAPSHOT_CACHE_CAPACITY: usize = 1000;
 }

 impl Default for TenantConfigToml {
@@ -786,13 +847,14 @@ impl Default for TenantConfigToml {
            lsn_lease_length: LsnLease::DEFAULT_LENGTH,
            lsn_lease_length_for_ts: LsnLease::DEFAULT_LENGTH_FOR_TS,
            timeline_offloading: true,
-            wal_receiver_protocol_override: None,
            rel_size_v2_enabled: false,
            gc_compaction_enabled: DEFAULT_GC_COMPACTION_ENABLED,
            gc_compaction_verification: DEFAULT_GC_COMPACTION_VERIFICATION,
            gc_compaction_initial_threshold_kb: DEFAULT_GC_COMPACTION_INITIAL_THRESHOLD_KB,
            gc_compaction_ratio_percent: DEFAULT_GC_COMPACTION_RATIO_PERCENT,
            sampling_ratio: None,
+            relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity: DEFAULT_RELSIZE_SNAPSHOT_CACHE_CAPACITY,
+            basebackup_cache_enabled: false,
        }
    }
 }
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/controller_api.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/controller_api.rs
@@ -344,6 +344,35 @@ impl Default for ShardSchedulingPolicy {
    }
 }

+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub enum NodeLifecycle {
+    Active,
+    Deleted,
+}
+
+impl FromStr for NodeLifecycle {
+    type Err = anyhow::Error;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s {
+            "active" => Ok(Self::Active),
+            "deleted" => Ok(Self::Deleted),
+            _ => Err(anyhow::anyhow!("Unknown node lifecycle '{s}'")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<NodeLifecycle> for String {
+    fn from(value: NodeLifecycle) -> String {
+        use NodeLifecycle::*;
+        match value {
+            Active => "active",
+            Deleted => "deleted",
+        }
+        .to_string()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
 pub enum NodeSchedulingPolicy {
    Active,
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/key.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/key.rs
@@ -910,6 +910,11 @@ impl Key {
        self.field1 == 0x00 && self.field4 != 0 && self.field6 != 0xffffffff
    }

+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn is_rel_block_of_rel(&self, rel: Oid) -> bool {
+        self.is_rel_block_key() && self.field4 == rel
+    }
+
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn is_rel_dir_key(&self) -> bool {
        self.field1 == 0x00
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/models.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/models.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ use serde_with::serde_as;
 pub use utilization::PageserverUtilization;
 use utils::id::{NodeId, TenantId, TimelineId};
 use utils::lsn::Lsn;
-use utils::postgres_client::PostgresClientProtocol;
 use utils::{completion, serde_system_time};

 use crate::config::Ratio;
@@ -336,14 +335,33 @@ impl TimelineCreateRequest {

 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ShardImportStatus {
-    InProgress,
+    InProgress(Option<ShardImportProgress>),
    Done,
    Error(String),
 }
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ShardImportProgress {
+    V1(ShardImportProgressV1),
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ShardImportProgressV1 {
+    /// Total number of jobs in the import plan
+    pub jobs: usize,
+    /// Number of jobs completed
+    pub completed: usize,
+    /// Hash of the plan
+    pub import_plan_hash: u64,
+    /// Soft limit for the job size
+    /// This needs to remain constant throughout the import
+    pub job_soft_size_limit: usize,
+}
+
 impl ShardImportStatus {
    pub fn is_terminal(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
-            ShardImportStatus::InProgress => false,
+            ShardImportStatus::InProgress(_) => false,
            ShardImportStatus::Done | ShardImportStatus::Error(_) => true,
        }
    }
@@ -386,6 +404,8 @@ pub enum TimelineCreateRequestMode {
        // using a flattened enum, so, it was an accepted field, and
        // we continue to accept it by having it here.
        pg_version: Option<u32>,
+        #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "std::ops::Not::not")]
+        read_only: bool,
    },
    ImportPgdata {
        import_pgdata: TimelineCreateRequestModeImportPgdata,
@@ -601,8 +621,6 @@ pub struct TenantConfigPatch {
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "FieldPatch::is_noop")]
    pub timeline_offloading: FieldPatch<bool>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "FieldPatch::is_noop")]
-    pub wal_receiver_protocol_override: FieldPatch<PostgresClientProtocol>,
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "FieldPatch::is_noop")]
    pub rel_size_v2_enabled: FieldPatch<bool>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "FieldPatch::is_noop")]
    pub gc_compaction_enabled: FieldPatch<bool>,
@@ -614,6 +632,10 @@ pub struct TenantConfigPatch {
    pub gc_compaction_ratio_percent: FieldPatch<u64>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "FieldPatch::is_noop")]
    pub sampling_ratio: FieldPatch<Option<Ratio>>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "FieldPatch::is_noop")]
+    pub relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity: FieldPatch<usize>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "FieldPatch::is_noop")]
+    pub basebackup_cache_enabled: FieldPatch<bool>,
 }

 /// Like [`crate::config::TenantConfigToml`], but preserves the information
@@ -723,9 +745,6 @@ pub struct TenantConfig {
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub timeline_offloading: Option<bool>,

-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub wal_receiver_protocol_override: Option<PostgresClientProtocol>,
-
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub rel_size_v2_enabled: Option<bool>,

@@ -743,6 +762,12 @@ pub struct TenantConfig {

    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub sampling_ratio: Option<Option<Ratio>>,
+
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity: Option<usize>,
+
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub basebackup_cache_enabled: Option<bool>,
 }

 impl TenantConfig {
@@ -781,13 +806,14 @@ impl TenantConfig {
            mut lsn_lease_length,
            mut lsn_lease_length_for_ts,
            mut timeline_offloading,
-            mut wal_receiver_protocol_override,
            mut rel_size_v2_enabled,
            mut gc_compaction_enabled,
            mut gc_compaction_verification,
            mut gc_compaction_initial_threshold_kb,
            mut gc_compaction_ratio_percent,
            mut sampling_ratio,
+            mut relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity,
+            mut basebackup_cache_enabled,
        } = self;

        patch.checkpoint_distance.apply(&mut checkpoint_distance);
@@ -872,9 +898,6 @@ impl TenantConfig {
            .map(|v| humantime::parse_duration(&v))?
            .apply(&mut lsn_lease_length_for_ts);
        patch.timeline_offloading.apply(&mut timeline_offloading);
-        patch
-            .wal_receiver_protocol_override
-            .apply(&mut wal_receiver_protocol_override);
        patch.rel_size_v2_enabled.apply(&mut rel_size_v2_enabled);
        patch
            .gc_compaction_enabled
@@ -889,6 +912,12 @@ impl TenantConfig {
            .gc_compaction_ratio_percent
            .apply(&mut gc_compaction_ratio_percent);
        patch.sampling_ratio.apply(&mut sampling_ratio);
+        patch
+            .relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity
+            .apply(&mut relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity);
+        patch
+            .basebackup_cache_enabled
+            .apply(&mut basebackup_cache_enabled);

        Ok(Self {
            checkpoint_distance,
@@ -921,13 +950,14 @@ impl TenantConfig {
            lsn_lease_length,
            lsn_lease_length_for_ts,
            timeline_offloading,
-            wal_receiver_protocol_override,
            rel_size_v2_enabled,
            gc_compaction_enabled,
            gc_compaction_verification,
            gc_compaction_initial_threshold_kb,
            gc_compaction_ratio_percent,
            sampling_ratio,
+            relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity,
+            basebackup_cache_enabled,
        })
    }

@@ -1017,9 +1047,6 @@ impl TenantConfig {
            timeline_offloading: self
                .timeline_offloading
                .unwrap_or(global_conf.timeline_offloading),
-            wal_receiver_protocol_override: self
-                .wal_receiver_protocol_override
-                .or(global_conf.wal_receiver_protocol_override),
            rel_size_v2_enabled: self
                .rel_size_v2_enabled
                .unwrap_or(global_conf.rel_size_v2_enabled),
@@ -1036,6 +1063,12 @@ impl TenantConfig {
                .gc_compaction_ratio_percent
                .unwrap_or(global_conf.gc_compaction_ratio_percent),
            sampling_ratio: self.sampling_ratio.unwrap_or(global_conf.sampling_ratio),
+            relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity: self
+                .relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity
+                .unwrap_or(global_conf.relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity),
+            basebackup_cache_enabled: self
+                .basebackup_cache_enabled
+                .unwrap_or(global_conf.basebackup_cache_enabled),
        }
    }
 }
@@ -1803,7 +1836,6 @@ pub struct TopTenantShardsResponse {
 }

 pub mod virtual_file {
-    use std::sync::LazyLock;

    #[derive(
        Copy,
@@ -1851,15 +1883,7 @@ pub mod virtual_file {

    impl IoMode {
        pub fn preferred() -> Self {
-            // The default behavior when running Rust unit tests without any further
-            // flags is to use the newest behavior (DirectRw).
-            // The CI uses the environment variable to unit tests for all different modes.
-            // NB: the Python regression & perf tests have their own defaults management
-            // that writes pageserver.toml; they do not use this variable.
-            static ENV_OVERRIDE: LazyLock<Option<IoMode>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-                utils::env::var_serde_json_string("NEON_PAGESERVER_UNIT_TEST_VIRTUAL_FILE_IO_MODE")
-            });
-            ENV_OVERRIDE.unwrap_or(IoMode::DirectRw)
+            IoMode::DirectRw
        }
    }

@@ -1896,7 +1920,7 @@ pub enum PagestreamFeMessage {
 }

 // Wrapped in libpq CopyData
-#[derive(strum_macros::EnumProperty)]
+#[derive(Debug, strum_macros::EnumProperty)]
 pub enum PagestreamBeMessage {
    Exists(PagestreamExistsResponse),
    Nblocks(PagestreamNblocksResponse),
@@ -2007,7 +2031,7 @@ pub enum PagestreamProtocolVersion {

 pub type RequestId = u64;

-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct PagestreamRequest {
    pub reqid: RequestId,
    pub request_lsn: Lsn,
@@ -2026,7 +2050,7 @@ pub struct PagestreamNblocksRequest {
    pub rel: RelTag,
 }

-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct PagestreamGetPageRequest {
    pub hdr: PagestreamRequest,
    pub rel: RelTag,
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/reltag.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/reltag.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 // FIXME: should move 'forknum' as last field to keep this consistent with Postgres.
 // Then we could replace the custom Ord and PartialOrd implementations below with
 // deriving them. This will require changes in walredoproc.c.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct RelTag {
    pub forknum: u8,
    pub spcnode: Oid,
@@ -184,12 +184,12 @@ pub enum SlruKind {
    MultiXactOffsets,
 }

-impl SlruKind {
-    pub fn to_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+impl fmt::Display for SlruKind {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
-            Self::Clog => "pg_xact",
-            Self::MultiXactMembers => "pg_multixact/members",
-            Self::MultiXactOffsets => "pg_multixact/offsets",
+            Self::Clog => write!(f, "pg_xact"),
+            Self::MultiXactMembers => write!(f, "pg_multixact/members"),
+            Self::MultiXactOffsets => write!(f, "pg_multixact/offsets"),
        }
    }
 }
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/upcall_api.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/upcall_api.rs
@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@
 //! See docs/rfcs/025-generation-numbers.md

 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use utils::generation::Generation;
 use utils::id::{NodeId, TimelineId};

 use crate::controller_api::NodeRegisterRequest;
 use crate::models::{LocationConfigMode, ShardImportStatus};
-use crate::shard::TenantShardId;
+use crate::shard::{ShardStripeSize, TenantShardId};

 /// Upcall message sent by the pageserver to the configured `control_plane_api` on
 /// startup.
@@ -35,6 +36,10 @@ pub struct ReAttachResponseTenant {
    /// Default value only for backward compat: this field should be set
    #[serde(default = "default_mode")]
    pub mode: LocationConfigMode,
+
+    // Default value only for backward compat: this field should be set
+    #[serde(default = "ShardStripeSize::default")]
+    pub stripe_size: ShardStripeSize,
 }
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct ReAttachResponse {
@@ -63,9 +68,17 @@ pub struct ValidateResponseTenant {
    pub valid: bool,
 }

+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct TimelineImportStatusRequest {
+    pub tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
+    pub timeline_id: TimelineId,
+    pub generation: Generation,
+}
+
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct PutTimelineImportStatusRequest {
    pub tenant_shard_id: TenantShardId,
    pub timeline_id: TimelineId,
    pub status: ShardImportStatus,
+    pub generation: Generation,
 }
--- a/libs/pageserver_api/src/value.rs
+++ b/libs/pageserver_api/src/value.rs
@@ -36,6 +36,24 @@ impl Value {
            Value::WalRecord(rec) => rec.will_init(),
        }
    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn estimated_size(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Value::Image(image) => image.len(),
+            Value::WalRecord(NeonWalRecord::AuxFile {
+                content: Some(content),
+                ..
+            }) => content.len(),
+            Value::WalRecord(NeonWalRecord::Postgres { rec, .. }) => rec.len(),
+            Value::WalRecord(NeonWalRecord::ClogSetAborted { xids }) => xids.len() * 4,
+            Value::WalRecord(NeonWalRecord::ClogSetCommitted { xids, .. }) => xids.len() * 4,
+            Value::WalRecord(NeonWalRecord::MultixactMembersCreate { members, .. }) => {
+                members.len() * 8
+            }
+            _ => 8192, /* use image size as the estimation */
+        }
+    }
 }

 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
--- a/libs/posthog_client_lite/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libs/posthog_client_lite/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[package]
+name = "posthog_client_lite"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+license.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow.workspace = true
+arc-swap.workspace = true
+reqwest.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+serde.workspace = true
+sha2.workspace = true
+thiserror.workspace = true
+tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["process", "sync", "fs", "rt", "io-util", "time"] }
+tokio-util.workspace = true
+tracing-utils.workspace = true
+tracing.workspace = true
+workspace_hack.workspace = true
--- a/libs/posthog_client_lite/src/background_loop.rs
+++ b/libs/posthog_client_lite/src/background_loop.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+//! A background loop that fetches feature flags from PostHog and updates the feature store.
+
+use std::{sync::Arc, time::Duration};
+
+use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
+use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
+use tracing::{Instrument, info_span};
+
+use crate::{CaptureEvent, FeatureStore, PostHogClient, PostHogClientConfig};
+
+/// A background loop that fetches feature flags from PostHog and updates the feature store.
+pub struct FeatureResolverBackgroundLoop {
+    posthog_client: PostHogClient,
+    feature_store: ArcSwap<FeatureStore>,
+    cancel: CancellationToken,
+}
+
+impl FeatureResolverBackgroundLoop {
+    pub fn new(config: PostHogClientConfig, shutdown_pageserver: CancellationToken) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            posthog_client: PostHogClient::new(config),
+            feature_store: ArcSwap::new(Arc::new(FeatureStore::new())),
+            cancel: shutdown_pageserver,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn spawn(
+        self: Arc<Self>,
+        handle: &tokio::runtime::Handle,
+        refresh_period: Duration,
+        fake_tenants: Vec<CaptureEvent>,
+    ) {
+        let this = self.clone();
+        let cancel = self.cancel.clone();
+
+        // Main loop of updating the feature flags.
+        handle.spawn(
+            async move {
+                tracing::info!("Starting PostHog feature resolver");
+                let mut ticker = tokio::time::interval(refresh_period);
+                ticker.set_missed_tick_behavior(tokio::time::MissedTickBehavior::Skip);
+                loop {
+                    tokio::select! {
+                        _ = ticker.tick() => {}
+                        _ = cancel.cancelled() => break
+                    }
+                    let resp = match this
+                        .posthog_client
+                        .get_feature_flags_local_evaluation()
+                        .await
+                    {
+                        Ok(resp) => resp,
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            tracing::warn!("Cannot get feature flags: {}", e);
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    };
+                    let project_id = this.posthog_client.config.project_id.parse::<u64>().ok();
+                    match FeatureStore::new_with_flags(resp.flags, project_id) {
+                        Ok(feature_store) => {
+                            this.feature_store.store(Arc::new(feature_store));
+                            tracing::info!("Feature flag updated");
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            tracing::warn!("Cannot process feature flag spec: {}", e);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                tracing::info!("PostHog feature resolver stopped");
+            }
+            .instrument(info_span!("posthog_feature_resolver")),
+        );
+
+        // Report fake tenants to PostHog so that we have the combination of all the properties in the UI.
+        // Do one report per pageserver restart.
+        let this = self.clone();
+        handle.spawn(
+            async move {
+                tracing::info!("Starting PostHog feature reporter");
+                for tenant in &fake_tenants {
+                    tracing::info!("Reporting fake tenant: {:?}", tenant);
+                }
+                if let Err(e) = this.posthog_client.capture_event_batch(&fake_tenants).await {
+                    tracing::warn!("Cannot report fake tenants: {}", e);
+                }
+            }
+            .instrument(info_span!("posthog_feature_reporter")),
+        );
+    }
+
+    pub fn feature_store(&self) -> Arc<FeatureStore> {
+        self.feature_store.load_full()
+    }
+}
--- a/libs/posthog_client_lite/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/posthog_client_lite/src/lib.rs
--- a/libs/proxy/postgres-protocol2/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libs/proxy/postgres-protocol2/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ edition = "2024"
 license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"

 [dependencies]
-base64 = "0.20"
+base64.workspace = true
 byteorder.workspace = true
 bytes.workspace = true
 fallible-iterator.workspace = true
--- a/libs/proxy/postgres-protocol2/src/authentication/sasl.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/postgres-protocol2/src/authentication/sasl.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;
 use std::{io, iter, mem, str};

+use base64::Engine as _;
+use base64::prelude::BASE64_STANDARD;
 use hmac::{Hmac, Mac};
 use rand::{self, Rng};
 use sha2::digest::FixedOutput;
@@ -226,7 +228,7 @@ impl ScramSha256 {

        let (client_key, server_key) = match password {
            Credentials::Password(password) => {
-                let salt = match base64::decode(parsed.salt) {
+                let salt = match BASE64_STANDARD.decode(parsed.salt) {
                    Ok(salt) => salt,
                    Err(e) => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, e)),
                };
@@ -255,7 +257,7 @@ impl ScramSha256 {
        let mut cbind_input = vec![];
        cbind_input.extend(channel_binding.gs2_header().as_bytes());
        cbind_input.extend(channel_binding.cbind_data());
-        let cbind_input = base64::encode(&cbind_input);
+        let cbind_input = BASE64_STANDARD.encode(&cbind_input);

        self.message.clear();
        write!(&mut self.message, "c={},r={}", cbind_input, parsed.nonce).unwrap();
@@ -272,7 +274,12 @@ impl ScramSha256 {
            *proof ^= signature;
        }

-        write!(&mut self.message, ",p={}", base64::encode(client_proof)).unwrap();
+        write!(
+            &mut self.message,
+            ",p={}",
+            BASE64_STANDARD.encode(client_proof)
+        )
+        .unwrap();

        self.state = State::Finish {
            server_key,
@@ -306,7 +313,7 @@ impl ScramSha256 {
            ServerFinalMessage::Verifier(verifier) => verifier,
        };

-        let verifier = match base64::decode(verifier) {
+        let verifier = match BASE64_STANDARD.decode(verifier) {
            Ok(verifier) => verifier,
            Err(e) => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, e)),
        };
--- a/libs/proxy/postgres-protocol2/src/message/frontend.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/postgres-protocol2/src/message/frontend.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ where
    Ok(())
 }

+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum BindError {
    Conversion(Box<dyn Error + marker::Sync + Send>),
    Serialization(io::Error),
@@ -288,6 +289,12 @@ pub fn sync(buf: &mut BytesMut) {
    write_body(buf, |_| Ok::<(), io::Error>(())).unwrap();
 }

+#[inline]
+pub fn flush(buf: &mut BytesMut) {
+    buf.put_u8(b'H');
+    write_body(buf, |_| Ok::<(), io::Error>(())).unwrap();
+}
+
 #[inline]
 pub fn terminate(buf: &mut BytesMut) {
    buf.put_u8(b'X');
--- a/libs/proxy/postgres-protocol2/src/password/mod.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/postgres-protocol2/src/password/mod.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 //! side. This is good because it ensures the cleartext password won't
 //! end up in logs pg_stat displays, etc.

+use base64::Engine as _;
+use base64::prelude::BASE64_STANDARD;
 use hmac::{Hmac, Mac};
 use rand::RngCore;
 use sha2::digest::FixedOutput;
@@ -83,8 +85,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn scram_sha_256_salt(
    format!(
        "SCRAM-SHA-256${}:{}${}:{}",
        SCRAM_DEFAULT_ITERATIONS,
-        base64::encode(salt),
-        base64::encode(stored_key),
-        base64::encode(server_key)
+        BASE64_STANDARD.encode(salt),
+        BASE64_STANDARD.encode(stored_key),
+        BASE64_STANDARD.encode(server_key)
    )
 }
--- a/libs/proxy/postgres-types2/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/postgres-types2/src/lib.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::sync::Arc;

-use bytes::BytesMut;
 use fallible_iterator::FallibleIterator;
 #[doc(inline)]
 pub use postgres_protocol2::Oid;
@@ -27,41 +26,6 @@ macro_rules! accepts {
    )
 }

-/// Generates an implementation of `ToSql::to_sql_checked`.
-///
-/// All `ToSql` implementations should use this macro.
-macro_rules! to_sql_checked {
-    () => {
-        fn to_sql_checked(
-            &self,
-            ty: &$crate::Type,
-            out: &mut $crate::private::BytesMut,
-        ) -> ::std::result::Result<
-            $crate::IsNull,
-            Box<dyn ::std::error::Error + ::std::marker::Sync + ::std::marker::Send>,
-        > {
-            $crate::__to_sql_checked(self, ty, out)
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-// WARNING: this function is not considered part of this crate's public API.
-// It is subject to change at any time.
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub fn __to_sql_checked<T>(
-    v: &T,
-    ty: &Type,
-    out: &mut BytesMut,
-) -> Result<IsNull, Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>>
-where
-    T: ToSql,
-{
-    if !T::accepts(ty) {
-        return Err(Box::new(WrongType::new::<T>(ty.clone())));
-    }
-    v.to_sql(ty, out)
-}
-
 // mod pg_lsn;
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub mod private;
@@ -142,7 +106,7 @@ pub enum Kind {
    /// An array type along with the type of its elements.
    Array(Type),
    /// A range type along with the type of its elements.
-    Range(Type),
+    Range(Oid),
    /// A multirange type along with the type of its elements.
    Multirange(Type),
    /// A domain type along with its underlying type.
@@ -377,43 +341,6 @@ pub enum IsNull {
    No,
 }

-/// A trait for types that can be converted into Postgres values.
-pub trait ToSql: fmt::Debug {
-    /// Converts the value of `self` into the binary format of the specified
-    /// Postgres `Type`, appending it to `out`.
-    ///
-    /// The caller of this method is responsible for ensuring that this type
-    /// is compatible with the Postgres `Type`.
-    ///
-    /// The return value indicates if this value should be represented as
-    /// `NULL`. If this is the case, implementations **must not** write
-    /// anything to `out`.
-    fn to_sql(&self, ty: &Type, out: &mut BytesMut) -> Result<IsNull, Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>>
-    where
-        Self: Sized;
-
-    /// Determines if a value of this type can be converted to the specified
-    /// Postgres `Type`.
-    fn accepts(ty: &Type) -> bool
-    where
-        Self: Sized;
-
-    /// An adaptor method used internally by Rust-Postgres.
-    ///
-    /// *All* implementations of this method should be generated by the
-    /// `to_sql_checked!()` macro.
-    fn to_sql_checked(
-        &self,
-        ty: &Type,
-        out: &mut BytesMut,
-    ) -> Result<IsNull, Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>>;
-
-    /// Specify the encode format
-    fn encode_format(&self, _ty: &Type) -> Format {
-        Format::Binary
-    }
-}
-
 /// Supported Postgres message format types
 ///
 /// Using Text format in a message assumes a Postgres `SERVER_ENCODING` of `UTF8`
@@ -424,52 +351,3 @@ pub enum Format {
    /// Compact, typed binary format
    Binary,
 }
-
-impl ToSql for &str {
-    fn to_sql(&self, ty: &Type, w: &mut BytesMut) -> Result<IsNull, Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>> {
-        match *ty {
-            ref ty if ty.name() == "ltree" => types::ltree_to_sql(self, w),
-            ref ty if ty.name() == "lquery" => types::lquery_to_sql(self, w),
-            ref ty if ty.name() == "ltxtquery" => types::ltxtquery_to_sql(self, w),
-            _ => types::text_to_sql(self, w),
-        }
-        Ok(IsNull::No)
-    }
-
-    fn accepts(ty: &Type) -> bool {
-        match *ty {
-            Type::VARCHAR | Type::TEXT | Type::BPCHAR | Type::NAME | Type::UNKNOWN => true,
-            ref ty
-                if (ty.name() == "citext"
-                    || ty.name() == "ltree"
-                    || ty.name() == "lquery"
-                    || ty.name() == "ltxtquery") =>
-            {
-                true
-            }
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    to_sql_checked!();
-}
-
-macro_rules! simple_to {
-    ($t:ty, $f:ident, $($expected:ident),+) => {
-        impl ToSql for $t {
-            fn to_sql(&self,
-                      _: &Type,
-                      w: &mut BytesMut)
-                      -> Result<IsNull, Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>> {
-                types::$f(*self, w);
-                Ok(IsNull::No)
-            }
-
-            accepts!($($expected),+);
-
-            to_sql_checked!();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-simple_to!(u32, oid_to_sql, OID);
--- a/libs/proxy/postgres-types2/src/type_gen.rs
+++ b/libs/proxy/postgres-types2/src/type_gen.rs
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ impl Inner {
        }
    }

-    pub fn oid(&self) -> Oid {
+    pub const fn const_oid(&self) -> Oid {
        match *self {
            Inner::Bool => 16,
            Inner::Bytea => 17,
@@ -580,7 +580,14 @@ impl Inner {
            Inner::TstzmultiRangeArray => 6153,
            Inner::DatemultiRangeArray => 6155,
            Inner::Int8multiRangeArray => 6157,
+            Inner::Other(_) => u32::MAX,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn oid(&self) -> Oid {
+        match *self {
            Inner::Other(ref u) => u.oid,
+            _ => self.const_oid(),
        }
    }

@@ -727,17 +734,17 @@ impl Inner {
            Inner::JsonbArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::Jsonb)),
            Inner::AnyRange => &Kind::Pseudo,
            Inner::EventTrigger => &Kind::Pseudo,
-            Inner::Int4Range => &Kind::Range(Type(Inner::Int4)),
+            Inner::Int4Range => &const { Kind::Range(Inner::Int4.const_oid()) },
            Inner::Int4RangeArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::Int4Range)),
-            Inner::NumRange => &Kind::Range(Type(Inner::Numeric)),
+            Inner::NumRange => &const { Kind::Range(Inner::Numeric.const_oid()) },
            Inner::NumRangeArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::NumRange)),
-            Inner::TsRange => &Kind::Range(Type(Inner::Timestamp)),
+            Inner::TsRange => &const { Kind::Range(Inner::Timestamp.const_oid()) },
            Inner::TsRangeArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::TsRange)),
-            Inner::TstzRange => &Kind::Range(Type(Inner::Timestamptz)),
+            Inner::TstzRange => &const { Kind::Range(Inner::Timestamptz.const_oid()) },
            Inner::TstzRangeArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::TstzRange)),
-            Inner::DateRange => &Kind::Range(Type(Inner::Date)),
+            Inner::DateRange => &const { Kind::Range(Inner::Date.const_oid()) },
            Inner::DateRangeArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::DateRange)),
-            Inner::Int8Range => &Kind::Range(Type(Inner::Int8)),
+            Inner::Int8Range => &const { Kind::Range(Inner::Int8.const_oid()) },
            Inner::Int8RangeArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::Int8Range)),
            Inner::Jsonpath => &Kind::Simple,
            Inner::JsonpathArray => &Kind::Array(Type(Inner::Jsonpath)),
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More