test: add some logging for compat tests

This log is too noisy. Instead of warning on every retry, let's log only
on the final failure.

Cargo.lock

@@ -6991,6 +6991,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "pageserver_api",
  "pageserver_client",
  "reqwest",
+ "safekeeper_api",
  "serde_json",
  "storage_controller_client",
  "tokio",

compute_tools/README.md

@@ -46,11 +46,14 @@ stateDiagram-v2
   Configuration --> Failed : Failed to configure the compute
   Configuration --> Running : Compute has been configured
   Empty --> Init : Compute spec is immediately available
-  Empty --> TerminationPending : Requested termination
+  Empty --> TerminationPendingFast : Requested termination
+  Empty --> TerminationPendingImmediate : Requested termination
   Init --> Failed : Failed to start Postgres
   Init --> Running : Started Postgres
-  Running --> TerminationPending : Requested termination
-  TerminationPending --> Terminated : Terminated compute
+  Running --> TerminationPendingFast : Requested termination
+  Running --> TerminationPendingImmediate : Requested termination
+  TerminationPendingFast --> Terminated compute with 30s delay for cplane to inspect status
+  TerminationPendingImmediate --> Terminated : Terminated compute immediately
   Failed --> [*] : Compute exited
   Terminated --> [*] : Compute exited
 ```

compute_tools/src/compute.rs

@@ -956,14 +956,20 @@ impl ComputeNode {
             None
         };
 
-        let mut delay_exit = false;
         let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
         state.terminate_flush_lsn = lsn;
-        if let ComputeStatus::TerminationPending { mode } = state.status {
+
+        let delay_exit = state.status == ComputeStatus::TerminationPendingFast;
+        if state.status == ComputeStatus::TerminationPendingFast
+            || state.status == ComputeStatus::TerminationPendingImmediate
+        {
+            info!(
+                "Changing compute status from {} to {}",
+                state.status,
+                ComputeStatus::Terminated
+            );
             state.status = ComputeStatus::Terminated;
             self.state_changed.notify_all();
-            // we were asked to terminate gracefully, don't exit to avoid restart
-            delay_exit = mode == compute_api::responses::TerminateMode::Fast
         }
         drop(state);
 
@@ -1901,7 +1907,8 @@ impl ComputeNode {
 
                             // exit loop
                             ComputeStatus::Failed
-                            | ComputeStatus::TerminationPending { .. }
+                            | ComputeStatus::TerminationPendingFast
+                            | ComputeStatus::TerminationPendingImmediate
                             | ComputeStatus::Terminated => break 'cert_update,
 
                             // wait

compute_tools/src/compute_prewarm.rs

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
             }
         };
         let row = match client
-            .query_one("select * from get_prewarm_info()", &[])
+            .query_one("select * from neon.get_prewarm_info()", &[])
             .await
         {
             Ok(row) => row,
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
         ComputeNode::get_maintenance_client(&self.tokio_conn_conf)
             .await
             .context("connecting to postgres")?
-            .query_one("select prewarm_local_cache($1)", &[&uncompressed])
+            .query_one("select neon.prewarm_local_cache($1)", &[&uncompressed])
             .await
             .context("loading LFC state into postgres")
             .map(|_| ())
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
         ComputeNode::get_maintenance_client(&self.tokio_conn_conf)
             .await
             .context("connecting to postgres")?
-            .query_one("select get_local_cache_state()", &[])
+            .query_one("select neon.get_local_cache_state()", &[])
             .await
             .context("querying LFC state")?
             .try_get::<usize, &[u8]>(0)

compute_tools/src/http/openapi_spec.yaml

@@ -371,9 +371,28 @@ paths:
       summary: Terminate Postgres and wait for it to exit
       description: ""
       operationId: terminate
+      parameters:
+        - name: mode
+          in: query
+          description: "Terminate mode: fast (wait 30s before returning) and immediate"
+          required: false
+          schema:
+            type: string
+            enum: ["fast", "immediate"]
+            default: fast
       responses:
         200:
           description: Result
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: "#/components/schemas/TerminateResponse"
+        201:
+          description: Result if compute is already terminated
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: "#/components/schemas/TerminateResponse"
         412:
           description: "wrong state"
           content:
@@ -530,11 +549,14 @@ components:
       type: string
       enum:
         - empty
-        - init
-        - failed
-        - running
         - configuration_pending
+        - init
+        - running
         - configuration
+        - failed
+        - termination_pending_fast
+        - termination_pending_immediate
+        - terminated
       example: running
 
     ExtensionInstallRequest:
@@ -660,6 +682,17 @@ components:
           description: Role name.
           example: "neon"
 
+    TerminateResponse:
+      type: object
+      required:
+        - lsn
+      properties:
+        lsn:
+          type: string
+          nullable: true
+          description: "last WAL flush LSN"
+          example: "0/028F10D8"
+
     SetRoleGrantsResponse:
       type: object
       required:

compute_tools/src/http/routes/terminate.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::http::JsonResponse;
 use axum::extract::State;
 use axum::response::Response;
 use axum_extra::extract::OptionalQuery;
-use compute_api::responses::{ComputeStatus, TerminateResponse};
+use compute_api::responses::{ComputeStatus, TerminateMode, TerminateResponse};
 use http::StatusCode;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use tracing::info;
 
 #[derive(Deserialize, Default)]
 pub struct TerminateQuery {
-    mode: compute_api::responses::TerminateMode,
+    mode: TerminateMode,
 }
 
 /// Terminate the compute.
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@ pub(in crate::http) async fn terminate(
     {
         let mut state = compute.state.lock().unwrap();
         if state.status == ComputeStatus::Terminated {
-            return JsonResponse::success(StatusCode::CREATED, state.terminate_flush_lsn);
+            let response = TerminateResponse {
+                lsn: state.terminate_flush_lsn,
+            };
+            return JsonResponse::success(StatusCode::CREATED, response);
         }
 
         if !matches!(state.status, ComputeStatus::Empty | ComputeStatus::Running) {
             return JsonResponse::invalid_status(state.status);
         }
-        state.set_status(
-            ComputeStatus::TerminationPending { mode },
-            &compute.state_changed,
-        );
+        state.set_status(mode.into(), &compute.state_changed);
     }
 
     forward_termination_signal(false);

compute_tools/src/migrations/0002-alter_roles.sql

@@ -1,3 +1,16 @@
+-- On December 8th, 2023, an engineering escalation (INC-110) was opened after
+-- it was found that BYPASSRLS was being applied to all roles.
+--
+-- PR that introduced the issue: https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/5657
+-- Subsequent commit on main: https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/commit/ad99fa5f0393e2679e5323df653c508ffa0ac072
+--
+-- NOBYPASSRLS and INHERIT are the defaults for a Postgres role, but because it
+-- isn't easy to know if a Postgres cluster is affected by the issue, we need to
+-- keep the migration around for a long time, if not indefinitely, so any
+-- cluster can be fixed.
+--
+-- Branching is the gift that keeps on giving...
+
 DO $$
 DECLARE
     role_name text;

compute_tools/src/monitor.rs

@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ impl ComputeMonitor {
         if matches!(
             compute_status,
             ComputeStatus::Terminated
-                | ComputeStatus::TerminationPending { .. }
+                | ComputeStatus::TerminationPendingFast
+                | ComputeStatus::TerminationPendingImmediate
                 | ComputeStatus::Failed
         ) {
             info!(

control_plane/src/broker.rs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl StorageBroker {
     pub async fn start(&self, retry_timeout: &Duration) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let broker = &self.env.broker;
 
-        print!("Starting neon broker at {}", broker.client_url());
+        println!("Starting neon broker at {}", broker.client_url());
 
         let mut args = Vec::new();
 

control_plane/src/endpoint.rs

@@ -922,7 +922,8 @@ impl Endpoint {
                         ComputeStatus::Empty
                         | ComputeStatus::ConfigurationPending
                         | ComputeStatus::Configuration
-                        | ComputeStatus::TerminationPending { .. }
+                        | ComputeStatus::TerminationPendingFast
+                        | ComputeStatus::TerminationPendingImmediate
                         | ComputeStatus::Terminated => {
                             bail!("unexpected compute status: {:?}", state.status)
                         }

control_plane/src/pageserver.rs

@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ impl PageServerNode {
     async fn start_node(&self, retry_timeout: &Duration) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         // TODO: using a thread here because start_process() is not async but we need to call check_status()
         let datadir = self.repo_path();
-        print!(
+        println!(
             "Starting pageserver node {} at '{}' in {:?}, retrying for {:?}",
             self.conf.id,
             self.pg_connection_config.raw_address(),

control_plane/src/safekeeper.rs

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ impl SafekeeperNode {
         extra_opts: &[String],
         retry_timeout: &Duration,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        print!(
+        println!(
             "Starting safekeeper at '{}' in '{}', retrying for {:?}",
             self.pg_connection_config.raw_address(),
             self.datadir_path().display(),

control_plane/src/storage_controller.rs

@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ impl StorageController {
             ));
         }
 
-        println!("Starting storage controller");
+        println!("Starting storage controller at {scheme}://{host}:{listen_port}");
 
         background_process::start_process(
             COMMAND,

control_plane/storcon_cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ humantime.workspace = true
 pageserver_api.workspace = true
 pageserver_client.workspace = true
 reqwest.workspace = true
+safekeeper_api.workspace=true
 serde_json = { workspace = true, features = ["raw_value"] }
 storage_controller_client.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true

control_plane/storcon_cli/src/main.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use pageserver_api::controller_api::{
     PlacementPolicy, SafekeeperDescribeResponse, SafekeeperSchedulingPolicyRequest,
     ShardSchedulingPolicy, ShardsPreferredAzsRequest, ShardsPreferredAzsResponse,
     SkSchedulingPolicy, TenantCreateRequest, TenantDescribeResponse, TenantPolicyRequest,
-    TenantShardMigrateRequest, TenantShardMigrateResponse,
+    TenantShardMigrateRequest, TenantShardMigrateResponse, TimelineSafekeeperMigrateRequest,
 };
 use pageserver_api::models::{
     EvictionPolicy, EvictionPolicyLayerAccessThreshold, ShardParameters, TenantConfig,
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use pageserver_api::models::{
 use pageserver_api::shard::{ShardStripeSize, TenantShardId};
 use pageserver_client::mgmt_api::{self};
 use reqwest::{Certificate, Method, StatusCode, Url};
+use safekeeper_api::models::TimelineLocateResponse;
 use storage_controller_client::control_api::Client;
 use utils::id::{NodeId, TenantId, TimelineId};
 
@@ -279,6 +280,23 @@ enum Command {
         #[arg(long)]
         concurrency: Option<usize>,
     },
+    /// Locate safekeepers for a timeline from the storcon DB.
+    TimelineLocate {
+        #[arg(long)]
+        tenant_id: TenantId,
+        #[arg(long)]
+        timeline_id: TimelineId,
+    },
+    /// Migrate a timeline to a new set of safekeepers
+    TimelineSafekeeperMigrate {
+        #[arg(long)]
+        tenant_id: TenantId,
+        #[arg(long)]
+        timeline_id: TimelineId,
+        /// Example: --new-sk-set 1,2,3
+        #[arg(long, required = true, value_delimiter = ',')]
+        new_sk_set: Vec<NodeId>,
+    },
 }
 
 #[derive(Parser)]
@@ -1324,7 +1342,7 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             concurrency,
         } => {
             let mut path = format!(
-                "/v1/tenant/{tenant_shard_id}/timeline/{timeline_id}/download_heatmap_layers",
+                "v1/tenant/{tenant_shard_id}/timeline/{timeline_id}/download_heatmap_layers",
             );
 
             if let Some(c) = concurrency {
@@ -1335,6 +1353,41 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
                 .dispatch::<(), ()>(Method::POST, path, None)
                 .await?;
         }
+        Command::TimelineLocate {
+            tenant_id,
+            timeline_id,
+        } => {
+            let path = format!("debug/v1/tenant/{tenant_id}/timeline/{timeline_id}/locate");
+
+            let resp = storcon_client
+                .dispatch::<(), TimelineLocateResponse>(Method::GET, path, None)
+                .await?;
+
+            let sk_set = resp.sk_set.iter().map(|id| id.0 as i64).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let new_sk_set = resp
+                .new_sk_set
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|ids| ids.iter().map(|id| id.0 as i64).collect::<Vec<_>>());
+
+            println!("generation = {}", resp.generation);
+            println!("sk_set = {sk_set:?}");
+            println!("new_sk_set = {new_sk_set:?}");
+        }
+        Command::TimelineSafekeeperMigrate {
+            tenant_id,
+            timeline_id,
+            new_sk_set,
+        } => {
+            let path = format!("v1/tenant/{tenant_id}/timeline/{timeline_id}/safekeeper_migrate");
+
+            storcon_client
+                .dispatch::<_, ()>(
+                    Method::POST,
+                    path,
+                    Some(TimelineSafekeeperMigrateRequest { new_sk_set }),
+                )
+                .await?;
+        }
     }
 
     Ok(())

libs/compute_api/src/responses.rs

@@ -121,6 +121,15 @@ pub enum TerminateMode {
     Immediate,
 }
 
+impl From<TerminateMode> for ComputeStatus {
+    fn from(mode: TerminateMode) -> Self {
+        match mode {
+            TerminateMode::Fast => ComputeStatus::TerminationPendingFast,
+            TerminateMode::Immediate => ComputeStatus::TerminationPendingImmediate,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Serialize, Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
 pub enum ComputeStatus {
@@ -141,7 +150,9 @@ pub enum ComputeStatus {
     // control-plane to terminate it.
     Failed,
     // Termination requested
-    TerminationPending { mode: TerminateMode },
+    TerminationPendingFast,
+    // Termination requested, without waiting 30s before returning from /terminate
+    TerminationPendingImmediate,
     // Terminated Postgres
     Terminated,
 }
@@ -160,7 +171,10 @@ impl Display for ComputeStatus {
             ComputeStatus::Running => f.write_str("running"),
             ComputeStatus::Configuration => f.write_str("configuration"),
             ComputeStatus::Failed => f.write_str("failed"),
-            ComputeStatus::TerminationPending { .. } => f.write_str("termination-pending"),
+            ComputeStatus::TerminationPendingFast => f.write_str("termination-pending-fast"),
+            ComputeStatus::TerminationPendingImmediate => {
+                f.write_str("termination-pending-immediate")
+            }
             ComputeStatus::Terminated => f.write_str("terminated"),
         }
     }

libs/pageserver_api/src/controller_api.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use utils::id::{NodeId, TenantId, TimelineId};
 use utils::lsn::Lsn;
 
-use crate::models::{PageserverUtilization, ShardParameters, TenantConfig};
+use crate::models::{PageserverUtilization, ShardParameters, TenantConfig, TimelineInfo};
 use crate::shard::{ShardStripeSize, TenantShardId};
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
@@ -126,6 +126,13 @@ pub struct TenantDescribeResponse {
     pub config: TenantConfig,
 }
 
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+pub struct TenantTimelineDescribeResponse {
+    pub shards: Vec<TimelineInfo>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub image_consistent_lsn: Option<Lsn>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
 pub struct NodeShardResponse {
     pub node_id: NodeId,

libs/pageserver_api/src/models.rs

@@ -1622,6 +1622,9 @@ pub struct TimelineInfo {
 
     /// Whether the timeline is invisible in synthetic size calculations.
     pub is_invisible: Option<bool>,
+    // HADRON: the largest LSN below which all page updates have been included in the image layers.
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub image_consistent_lsn: Option<Lsn>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]

libs/safekeeper_api/src/models.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use utils::id::{NodeId, TenantId, TenantTimelineId, TimelineId};
 use utils::lsn::Lsn;
 use utils::pageserver_feedback::PageserverFeedback;
 
-use crate::membership::Configuration;
+use crate::membership::{Configuration, SafekeeperGeneration};
 use crate::{ServerInfo, Term};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -311,3 +311,12 @@ pub struct PullTimelineResponse {
     pub safekeeper_host: Option<String>,
     // TODO: add more fields?
 }
+
+/// Response to a timeline locate request.
+/// Storcon-only API.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct TimelineLocateResponse {
+    pub generation: SafekeeperGeneration,
+    pub sk_set: Vec<NodeId>,
+    pub new_sk_set: Option<Vec<NodeId>>,
+}

libs/walproposer/src/api_bindings.rs

@@ -428,6 +428,12 @@ pub fn empty_shmem() -> crate::bindings::WalproposerShmemState {
         shard_number: 0,
     };
 
+    let empty_wal_rate_limiter = crate::bindings::WalRateLimiter {
+        should_limit: crate::bindings::pg_atomic_uint32 { value: 0 },
+        sent_bytes: 0,
+        last_recorded_time_us: 0,
+    };
+
     crate::bindings::WalproposerShmemState {
         propEpochStartLsn: crate::bindings::pg_atomic_uint64 { value: 0 },
         donor_name: [0; 64],
@@ -441,6 +447,7 @@ pub fn empty_shmem() -> crate::bindings::WalproposerShmemState {
         num_shards: 0,
         replica_promote: false,
         min_ps_feedback: empty_feedback,
+        wal_rate_limiter: empty_wal_rate_limiter,
     }
 }
 

pageserver/client_grpc/src/client.rs

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ impl PageserverClient {
         req: page_api::CheckRelExistsRequest,
     ) -> tonic::Result<page_api::CheckRelExistsResponse> {
         self.retry
-            .with(async || {
+            .with(async |_| {
                 // Relation metadata is only available on shard 0.
                 let mut client = self.shards.load_full().get_zero().client().await?;
                 client.check_rel_exists(req).await
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ impl PageserverClient {
         req: page_api::GetDbSizeRequest,
     ) -> tonic::Result<page_api::GetDbSizeResponse> {
         self.retry
-            .with(async || {
+            .with(async |_| {
                 // Relation metadata is only available on shard 0.
                 let mut client = self.shards.load_full().get_zero().client().await?;
                 client.get_db_size(req).await
@@ -166,8 +166,9 @@ impl PageserverClient {
             .await
     }
 
-    /// Fetches pages. The `request_id` must be unique across all in-flight requests. Automatically
-    /// splits requests that straddle shard boundaries, and assembles the responses.
+    /// Fetches pages. The `request_id` must be unique across all in-flight requests, and the
+    /// `attempt` must be 0 (incremented on retry). Automatically splits requests that straddle
+    /// shard boundaries, and assembles the responses.
     ///
     /// Unlike `page_api::Client`, this automatically converts `status_code` into `tonic::Status`
     /// errors. All responses will have `GetPageStatusCode::Ok`.
@@ -187,6 +188,10 @@ impl PageserverClient {
         if req.block_numbers.is_empty() {
             return Err(tonic::Status::invalid_argument("no block number"));
         }
+        // The request attempt must be 0. The client will increment it internally.
+        if req.request_id.attempt != 0 {
+            return Err(tonic::Status::invalid_argument("request attempt must be 0"));
+        }
 
         // The shards may change while we're fetching pages. We execute the request using a stable
         // view of the shards (especially important for requests that span shards), but retry the
@@ -197,7 +202,11 @@ impl PageserverClient {
         // TODO: the gRPC server and client doesn't yet properly support shard splits. Revisit this
         // once we figure out how to handle these.
         self.retry
-            .with(async || Self::get_page_with_shards(req.clone(), &self.shards.load_full()).await)
+            .with(async |attempt| {
+                let mut req = req.clone();
+                req.request_id.attempt = attempt as u32;
+                Self::get_page_with_shards(req, &self.shards.load_full()).await
+            })
             .await
     }
 
@@ -209,7 +218,7 @@ impl PageserverClient {
     ) -> tonic::Result<page_api::GetPageResponse> {
         // Fast path: request is for a single shard.
         if let Some(shard_id) =
-            GetPageSplitter::is_single_shard(&req, shards.count, shards.stripe_size)
+            GetPageSplitter::for_single_shard(&req, shards.count, shards.stripe_size)
         {
             return Self::get_page_with_shard(req, shards.get(shard_id)?).await;
         }
@@ -229,7 +238,7 @@ impl PageserverClient {
             splitter.add_response(shard_id, shard_response)?;
         }
 
-        splitter.assemble_response()
+        splitter.get_response()
     }
 
     /// Fetches pages on the given shard. Does not retry internally.
@@ -237,9 +246,8 @@ impl PageserverClient {
         req: page_api::GetPageRequest,
         shard: &Shard,
     ) -> tonic::Result<page_api::GetPageResponse> {
-        let expected = req.block_numbers.len();
         let stream = shard.stream(req.request_class.is_bulk()).await;
-        let resp = stream.send(req).await?;
+        let resp = stream.send(req.clone()).await?;
 
         // Convert per-request errors into a tonic::Status.
         if resp.status_code != page_api::GetPageStatusCode::Ok {
@@ -249,11 +257,27 @@ impl PageserverClient {
             ));
         }
 
-        // Check that we received the expected number of pages.
-        let actual = resp.page_images.len();
-        if expected != actual {
+        // Check that we received the expected pages.
+        if req.rel != resp.rel {
             return Err(tonic::Status::internal(format!(
-                "expected {expected} pages, got {actual}",
+                "shard {} returned wrong relation, expected {} got {}",
+                shard.id, req.rel, resp.rel
+            )));
+        }
+        if !req
+            .block_numbers
+            .iter()
+            .copied()
+            .eq(resp.pages.iter().map(|p| p.block_number))
+        {
+            return Err(tonic::Status::internal(format!(
+                "shard {} returned wrong pages, expected {:?} got {:?}",
+                shard.id,
+                req.block_numbers,
+                resp.pages
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|page| page.block_number)
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
             )));
         }
 
@@ -267,7 +291,7 @@ impl PageserverClient {
         req: page_api::GetRelSizeRequest,
     ) -> tonic::Result<page_api::GetRelSizeResponse> {
         self.retry
-            .with(async || {
+            .with(async |_| {
                 // Relation metadata is only available on shard 0.
                 let mut client = self.shards.load_full().get_zero().client().await?;
                 client.get_rel_size(req).await
@@ -282,7 +306,7 @@ impl PageserverClient {
         req: page_api::GetSlruSegmentRequest,
     ) -> tonic::Result<page_api::GetSlruSegmentResponse> {
         self.retry
-            .with(async || {
+            .with(async |_| {
                 // SLRU segments are only available on shard 0.
                 let mut client = self.shards.load_full().get_zero().client().await?;
                 client.get_slru_segment(req).await
@@ -426,6 +450,8 @@ impl Shards {
 ///   * Bulk client pool: unbounded.
 ///     * Bulk stream pool: MAX_BULK_STREAMS and MAX_BULK_STREAM_QUEUE_DEPTH.
 struct Shard {
+    /// The shard ID.
+    id: ShardIndex,
     /// Unary gRPC client pool.
     client_pool: Arc<ClientPool>,
     /// GetPage stream pool.
@@ -491,6 +517,7 @@ impl Shard {
         );
 
         Ok(Self {
+            id: shard_id,
             client_pool,
             stream_pool,
             bulk_stream_pool,

pageserver/client_grpc/src/pool.rs

@@ -591,6 +591,10 @@ impl StreamPool {
 
         // Track caller response channels by request ID. If the task returns early, these response
         // channels will be dropped and the waiting callers will receive an error.
+        //
+        // NB: this will leak entries if the server doesn't respond to a request (by request ID).
+        // It shouldn't happen, and if it does it will often hold onto queue depth quota anyway and
+        // block further use. But we could consider reaping closed channels after some time.
         let mut callers = HashMap::new();
 
         // Process requests and responses.
@@ -695,6 +699,15 @@ impl Drop for StreamGuard {
 
         // Release the queue depth reservation on drop. This can prematurely decrement it if dropped
         // before the response is received, but that's okay.
+        //
+        // TODO: actually, it's probably not okay. Queue depth release should be moved into the
+        // stream task, such that it continues to account for the queue depth slot until the server
+        // responds. Otherwise, if a slow request times out and keeps blocking the stream, the
+        // server will keep waiting on it and we can pile on subsequent requests (including the
+        // timeout retry) in the same stream and get blocked. But we may also want to avoid blocking
+        // requests on e.g. LSN waits and layer downloads, instead returning early to free up the
+        // stream. Or just scale out streams with a queue depth of 1 to sidestep all head-of-line
+        // blocking. TBD.
         let mut streams = pool.streams.lock().unwrap();
         let entry = streams.get_mut(&self.id).expect("unknown stream");
         assert!(entry.idle_since.is_none(), "active stream marked idle");

pageserver/client_grpc/src/retry.rs

@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ impl Retry {
     /// If true, log successful requests. For debugging.
     const LOG_SUCCESS: bool = false;
 
-    /// Runs the given async closure with timeouts and retries (exponential backoff). Logs errors,
-    /// using the current tracing span for context.
+    /// Runs the given async closure with timeouts and retries (exponential backoff), passing the
+    /// attempt number starting at 0. Logs errors, using the current tracing span for context.
     ///
     /// Only certain gRPC status codes are retried, see [`Self::should_retry`]. For default
     /// timeouts, see [`Self::REQUEST_TIMEOUT`] and [`Self::TOTAL_TIMEOUT`].
     pub async fn with<T, F, O>(&self, mut f: F) -> tonic::Result<T>
     where
-        F: FnMut() -> O,
+        F: FnMut(usize) -> O, // takes attempt number, starting at 0
         O: Future<Output = tonic::Result<T>>,
     {
         let started = Instant::now();
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl Retry {
                 }
 
                 let request_started = Instant::now();
-                tokio::time::timeout(Self::REQUEST_TIMEOUT, f())
+                tokio::time::timeout(Self::REQUEST_TIMEOUT, f(retries))
                     .await
                     .map_err(|_| {
                         tonic::Status::deadline_exceeded(format!(

pageserver/client_grpc/src/split.rs

@@ -5,27 +5,24 @@ use bytes::Bytes;
 use pageserver_api::key::rel_block_to_key;
 use pageserver_api::shard::{ShardStripeSize, key_to_shard_number};
 use pageserver_page_api as page_api;
-use utils::shard::{ShardCount, ShardIndex};
+use utils::shard::{ShardCount, ShardIndex, ShardNumber};
 
 /// Splits GetPageRequests that straddle shard boundaries and assembles the responses.
 /// TODO: add tests for this.
 pub struct GetPageSplitter {
-    /// The original request ID. Used for all shard requests.
-    request_id: page_api::RequestID,
     /// Split requests by shard index.
     requests: HashMap<ShardIndex, page_api::GetPageRequest>,
-    /// Maps the offset in `GetPageRequest::block_numbers` to the owning shard. Used to assemble
-    /// the response pages in the same order as the original request.
+    /// The response being assembled. Preallocated with empty pages, to be filled in.
+    response: page_api::GetPageResponse,
+    /// Maps the offset in `request.block_numbers` and `response.pages` to the owning shard. Used
+    /// to assemble the response pages in the same order as the original request.
     block_shards: Vec<ShardIndex>,
-    /// Page responses by shard index. Will be assembled into a single response.
-    responses: HashMap<ShardIndex, Vec<Bytes>>,
 }
 
 impl GetPageSplitter {
     /// Checks if the given request only touches a single shard, and returns the shard ID. This is
     /// the common case, so we check first in order to avoid unnecessary allocations and overhead.
-    /// The caller must ensure that the request has at least one block number, or this will panic.
-    pub fn is_single_shard(
+    pub fn for_single_shard(
         req: &page_api::GetPageRequest,
         count: ShardCount,
         stripe_size: ShardStripeSize,
@@ -35,8 +32,12 @@ impl GetPageSplitter {
             return Some(ShardIndex::unsharded());
         }
 
-        // Find the base shard index for the first page, and compare with the rest.
-        let key = rel_block_to_key(req.rel, *req.block_numbers.first().expect("no pages"));
+        // Find the first page's shard, for comparison. If there are no pages, just return the first
+        // shard (caller likely checked already, otherwise the server will reject it).
+        let Some(&first_page) = req.block_numbers.first() else {
+            return Some(ShardIndex::new(ShardNumber(0), count));
+        };
+        let key = rel_block_to_key(req.rel, first_page);
         let shard_number = key_to_shard_number(count, stripe_size, &key);
 
         req.block_numbers
@@ -57,19 +58,19 @@ impl GetPageSplitter {
     ) -> Self {
         // The caller should make sure we don't split requests unnecessarily.
         debug_assert!(
-            Self::is_single_shard(&req, count, stripe_size).is_none(),
+            Self::for_single_shard(&req, count, stripe_size).is_none(),
             "unnecessary request split"
         );
 
         // Split the requests by shard index.
         let mut requests = HashMap::with_capacity(2); // common case
         let mut block_shards = Vec::with_capacity(req.block_numbers.len());
-        for blkno in req.block_numbers {
+        for &blkno in &req.block_numbers {
             let key = rel_block_to_key(req.rel, blkno);
             let shard_number = key_to_shard_number(count, stripe_size, &key);
             let shard_id = ShardIndex::new(shard_number, count);
 
-            let shard_req = requests
+            requests
                 .entry(shard_id)
                 .or_insert_with(|| page_api::GetPageRequest {
                     request_id: req.request_id,
@@ -77,20 +78,39 @@ impl GetPageSplitter {
                     rel: req.rel,
                     read_lsn: req.read_lsn,
                     block_numbers: Vec::new(),
-                });
-            shard_req.block_numbers.push(blkno);
+                })
+                .block_numbers
+                .push(blkno);
             block_shards.push(shard_id);
         }
 
-        Self {
+        // Construct a response to be populated by shard responses. Preallocate empty page slots
+        // with the expected block numbers.
+        let response = page_api::GetPageResponse {
             request_id: req.request_id,
-            responses: HashMap::with_capacity(requests.len()),
+            status_code: page_api::GetPageStatusCode::Ok,
+            reason: None,
+            rel: req.rel,
+            pages: req
+                .block_numbers
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|block_number| {
+                    page_api::Page {
+                        block_number,
+                        image: Bytes::new(), // empty page slot to be filled in
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect(),
+        };
+
+        Self {
             requests,
+            response,
             block_shards,
         }
     }
 
-    /// Drains the per-shard requests, moving them out of the hashmap to avoid extra allocations.
+    /// Drains the per-shard requests, moving them out of the splitter to avoid extra allocations.
     pub fn drain_requests(
         &mut self,
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (ShardIndex, page_api::GetPageRequest)> {
@@ -108,72 +128,82 @@ impl GetPageSplitter {
         // The caller should already have converted status codes into tonic::Status.
         if response.status_code != page_api::GetPageStatusCode::Ok {
             return Err(tonic::Status::internal(format!(
-                "unexpected non-OK response for shard {shard_id}: {:?}",
-                response.status_code
+                "unexpected non-OK response for shard {shard_id}: {} {}",
+                response.status_code,
+                response.reason.unwrap_or_default()
             )));
         }
 
-        // The stream pool ensures the response matches the request ID.
-        if response.request_id != self.request_id {
+        if response.request_id != self.response.request_id {
             return Err(tonic::Status::internal(format!(
                 "response ID mismatch for shard {shard_id}: expected {}, got {}",
-                self.request_id, response.request_id
+                self.response.request_id, response.request_id
             )));
         }
 
-        // We only dispatch one request per shard.
-        if self.responses.contains_key(&shard_id) {
+        // Place the shard response pages into the assembled response, in request order.
+        let mut pages = response.pages.into_iter();
+
+        for (i, &s) in self.block_shards.iter().enumerate() {
+            if shard_id != s {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let Some(slot) = self.response.pages.get_mut(i) else {
+                return Err(tonic::Status::internal(format!(
+                    "no block_shards slot {i} for shard {shard_id}"
+                )));
+            };
+            let Some(page) = pages.next() else {
+                return Err(tonic::Status::internal(format!(
+                    "missing page {} in shard {shard_id} response",
+                    slot.block_number
+                )));
+            };
+            if page.block_number != slot.block_number {
+                return Err(tonic::Status::internal(format!(
+                    "shard {shard_id} returned wrong page at index {i}, expected {} got {}",
+                    slot.block_number, page.block_number
+                )));
+            }
+            if !slot.image.is_empty() {
+                return Err(tonic::Status::internal(format!(
+                    "shard {shard_id} returned duplicate page {} at index {i}",
+                    slot.block_number
+                )));
+            }
+
+            *slot = page;
+        }
+
+        // Make sure we've consumed all pages from the shard response.
+        if let Some(extra_page) = pages.next() {
             return Err(tonic::Status::internal(format!(
-                "duplicate response for shard {shard_id}"
+                "shard {shard_id} returned extra page: {}",
+                extra_page.block_number
             )));
         }
 
-        // Add the response data to the map.
-        self.responses.insert(shard_id, response.page_images);
-
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Assembles the shard responses into a single response. Responses must be present for all
-    /// relevant shards, and the total number of pages must match the original request.
+    /// Fetches the final, assembled response.
     #[allow(clippy::result_large_err)]
-    pub fn assemble_response(self) -> tonic::Result<page_api::GetPageResponse> {
-        let mut response = page_api::GetPageResponse {
-            request_id: self.request_id,
-            status_code: page_api::GetPageStatusCode::Ok,
-            reason: None,
-            page_images: Vec::with_capacity(self.block_shards.len()),
-        };
-
-        // Set up per-shard page iterators we can pull from.
-        let mut shard_responses = HashMap::with_capacity(self.responses.len());
-        for (shard_id, responses) in self.responses {
-            shard_responses.insert(shard_id, responses.into_iter());
-        }
-
-        // Reassemble the responses in the same order as the original request.
-        for shard_id in &self.block_shards {
-            let page = shard_responses
-                .get_mut(shard_id)
-                .ok_or_else(|| {
-                    tonic::Status::internal(format!("missing response for shard {shard_id}"))
-                })?
-                .next()
-                .ok_or_else(|| {
-                    tonic::Status::internal(format!("missing page from shard {shard_id}"))
-                })?;
-            response.page_images.push(page);
-        }
-
-        // Make sure there are no additional pages.
-        for (shard_id, mut pages) in shard_responses {
-            if pages.next().is_some() {
+    pub fn get_response(self) -> tonic::Result<page_api::GetPageResponse> {
+        // Check that the response is complete.
+        for (i, page) in self.response.pages.iter().enumerate() {
+            if page.image.is_empty() {
                 return Err(tonic::Status::internal(format!(
-                    "extra pages returned from shard {shard_id}"
+                    "missing page {} for shard {}",
+                    page.block_number,
+                    self.block_shards
+                        .get(i)
+                        .map(|s| s.to_string())
+                        .unwrap_or_else(|| "?".to_string())
                 )));
             }
         }
 
-        Ok(response)
+        Ok(self.response)
     }
 }

pageserver/page_api/proto/page_service.proto

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ message GetDbSizeResponse {
 message GetPageRequest {
   // A request ID. Will be included in the response. Should be unique for
   // in-flight requests on the stream.
-  uint64 request_id = 1;
+  RequestID request_id = 1;
   // The request class.
   GetPageClass request_class = 2;
   // The LSN to read at.
@@ -177,6 +177,14 @@ message GetPageRequest {
   repeated uint32 block_number = 5;
 }
 
+// A Request ID. Should be unique for in-flight requests on a stream. Included in the response.
+message RequestID {
+  // The base request ID.
+  uint64 id = 1;
+  // The request attempt. Starts at 0, incremented on each retry.
+  uint32 attempt = 2;
+}
+
 // A GetPageRequest class. Primarily intended for observability, but may also be
 // used for prioritization in the future.
 enum GetPageClass {
@@ -199,13 +207,26 @@ enum GetPageClass {
 // the entire batch is ready, so no one can make use of the individual pages.
 message GetPageResponse {
   // The original request's ID.
-  uint64 request_id = 1;
-  // The response status code.
+  RequestID request_id = 1;
+  // The response status code. If not OK, the rel and page fields will be empty.
   GetPageStatusCode status_code = 2;
   // A string describing the status, if any.
   string reason = 3;
-  // The 8KB page images, in the same order as the request. Empty if status_code != OK.
-  repeated bytes page_image = 4;
+  // The relation that the pages belong to.
+  RelTag rel = 4;
+  // The page(s), in the same order as the request.
+  repeated Page page = 5;
+}
+
+// A page.
+//
+// TODO: it would be slightly more efficient (but less convenient) to have separate arrays of block
+// numbers and images, but given the 8KB page size it's probably negligible. Benchmark it anyway.
+message Page {
+  // The page number.
+  uint32 block_number = 1;
+  // The materialized page image, as an 8KB byte vector.
+  bytes image = 2;
 }
 
 // A GetPageResponse status code.

pageserver/page_api/src/client.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use anyhow::Context as _;
+use futures::future::ready;
 use futures::{Stream, StreamExt as _, TryStreamExt as _};
 use tokio::io::AsyncRead;
 use tokio_util::io::StreamReader;
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ impl Client {
     ) -> tonic::Result<impl Stream<Item = tonic::Result<GetPageResponse>> + Send + 'static> {
         let reqs = reqs.map(proto::GetPageRequest::from);
         let resps = self.inner.get_pages(reqs).await?.into_inner();
-        Ok(resps.map_ok(GetPageResponse::from))
+        Ok(resps.and_then(|resp| ready(GetPageResponse::try_from(resp).map_err(|err| err.into()))))
     }
 
     /// Returns the size of a relation, as # of blocks.

pageserver/page_api/src/model.rs

@@ -356,7 +356,10 @@ impl TryFrom<proto::GetPageRequest> for GetPageRequest {
             return Err(ProtocolError::Missing("block_number"));
         }
         Ok(Self {
-            request_id: pb.request_id,
+            request_id: pb
+                .request_id
+                .ok_or(ProtocolError::Missing("request_id"))?
+                .into(),
             request_class: pb.request_class.into(),
             read_lsn: pb
                 .read_lsn
@@ -371,7 +374,7 @@ impl TryFrom<proto::GetPageRequest> for GetPageRequest {
 impl From<GetPageRequest> for proto::GetPageRequest {
     fn from(request: GetPageRequest) -> Self {
         Self {
-            request_id: request.request_id,
+            request_id: Some(request.request_id.into()),
             request_class: request.request_class.into(),
             read_lsn: Some(request.read_lsn.into()),
             rel: Some(request.rel.into()),
@@ -380,8 +383,51 @@ impl From<GetPageRequest> for proto::GetPageRequest {
     }
 }
 
-/// A GetPage request ID.
-pub type RequestID = u64;
+/// A GetPage request ID and retry attempt. Should be unique for in-flight requests on a stream.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub struct RequestID {
+    /// The base request ID.
+    pub id: u64,
+    // The request attempt. Starts at 0, incremented on each retry.
+    pub attempt: u32,
+}
+
+impl RequestID {
+    /// Creates a new RequestID with the given ID and an initial attempt of 0.
+    pub fn new(id: u64) -> Self {
+        Self { id, attempt: 0 }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for RequestID {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}.{}", self.id, self.attempt)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<proto::RequestId> for RequestID {
+    fn from(pb: proto::RequestId) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: pb.id,
+            attempt: pb.attempt,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<u64> for RequestID {
+    fn from(id: u64) -> Self {
+        Self::new(id)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<RequestID> for proto::RequestId {
+    fn from(request_id: RequestID) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: request_id.id,
+            attempt: request_id.attempt,
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 /// A GetPage request class.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, strum_macros::Display)]
@@ -456,32 +502,41 @@ impl From<GetPageClass> for i32 {
 pub struct GetPageResponse {
     /// The original request's ID.
     pub request_id: RequestID,
-    /// The response status code.
+    /// The response status code. If not OK, the `rel` and `pages` fields will be empty.
     pub status_code: GetPageStatusCode,
     /// A string describing the status, if any.
     pub reason: Option<String>,
-    /// The 8KB page images, in the same order as the request. Empty if status != OK.
-    pub page_images: Vec<Bytes>,
+    /// The relation that the pages belong to.
+    pub rel: RelTag,
+    // The page(s), in the same order as the request.
+    pub pages: Vec<Page>,
 }
 
-impl From<proto::GetPageResponse> for GetPageResponse {
-    fn from(pb: proto::GetPageResponse) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            request_id: pb.request_id,
+impl TryFrom<proto::GetPageResponse> for GetPageResponse {
+    type Error = ProtocolError;
+
+    fn try_from(pb: proto::GetPageResponse) -> Result<Self, ProtocolError> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            request_id: pb
+                .request_id
+                .ok_or(ProtocolError::Missing("request_id"))?
+                .into(),
             status_code: pb.status_code.into(),
             reason: Some(pb.reason).filter(|r| !r.is_empty()),
-            page_images: pb.page_image,
-        }
+            rel: pb.rel.ok_or(ProtocolError::Missing("rel"))?.try_into()?,
+            pages: pb.page.into_iter().map(Page::from).collect(),
+        })
     }
 }
 
 impl From<GetPageResponse> for proto::GetPageResponse {
     fn from(response: GetPageResponse) -> Self {
         Self {
-            request_id: response.request_id,
+            request_id: Some(response.request_id.into()),
             status_code: response.status_code.into(),
             reason: response.reason.unwrap_or_default(),
-            page_image: response.page_images,
+            rel: Some(response.rel.into()),
+            page: response.pages.into_iter().map(proto::Page::from).collect(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -514,11 +569,39 @@ impl GetPageResponse {
             request_id,
             status_code,
             reason: Some(status.message().to_string()),
-            page_images: Vec::new(),
+            rel: RelTag::default(),
+            pages: Vec::new(),
         })
     }
 }
 
+// A page.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Page {
+    /// The page number.
+    pub block_number: u32,
+    /// The materialized page image, as an 8KB byte vector.
+    pub image: Bytes,
+}
+
+impl From<proto::Page> for Page {
+    fn from(pb: proto::Page) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            block_number: pb.block_number,
+            image: pb.image,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Page> for proto::Page {
+    fn from(page: Page) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            block_number: page.block_number,
+            image: page.image,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// A GetPage response status code.
 ///
 /// These are effectively equivalent to gRPC statuses. However, we use a bidirectional stream

pageserver/pagebench/src/cmd/getpage_latest_lsn.rs

@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ impl Client for GrpcClient {
         blks: Vec<u32>,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let req = page_api::GetPageRequest {
-            request_id: req_id,
+            request_id: req_id.into(),
             request_class: page_api::GetPageClass::Normal,
             read_lsn: page_api::ReadLsn {
                 request_lsn: req_lsn,
@@ -694,7 +694,10 @@ impl Client for GrpcClient {
             "unexpected status code: {}",
             resp.status_code,
         );
-        Ok((resp.request_id, resp.page_images))
+        Ok((
+            resp.request_id.id,
+            resp.pages.into_iter().map(|p| p.image).collect(),
+        ))
     }
 }
 
@@ -740,7 +743,7 @@ impl Client for RichGrpcClient {
         blks: Vec<u32>,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let req = page_api::GetPageRequest {
-            request_id: req_id,
+            request_id: req_id.into(),
             request_class: page_api::GetPageClass::Normal,
             read_lsn: page_api::ReadLsn {
                 request_lsn: req_lsn,
@@ -761,6 +764,9 @@ impl Client for RichGrpcClient {
 
     async fn recv_get_page(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<(u64, Vec<Bytes>)> {
         let resp = self.requests.next().await.unwrap()?;
-        Ok((resp.request_id, resp.page_images))
+        Ok((
+            resp.request_id.id,
+            resp.pages.into_iter().map(|p| p.image).collect(),
+        ))
     }
 }

pageserver/src/http/openapi_spec.yml

@@ -271,18 +271,6 @@ paths:
             application/json:
               schema:
                 $ref: "#/components/schemas/LsnLease"
-        "500":
-          description: Generic operation error
-          content:
-            application/json:
-              schema:
-                $ref: "#/components/schemas/Error"
-        "503":
-          description: Temporarily unavailable, please retry.
-          content:
-            application/json:
-              schema:
-                $ref: "#/components/schemas/ServiceUnavailableError"
 
   /v1/tenant/{tenant_id}/timeline/{timeline_id}/do_gc:
     parameters:

pageserver/src/http/routes.rs

@@ -397,6 +397,7 @@ async fn build_timeline_info(
     timeline: &Arc<Timeline>,
     include_non_incremental_logical_size: bool,
     force_await_initial_logical_size: bool,
+    include_image_consistent_lsn: bool,
     ctx: &RequestContext,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<TimelineInfo> {
     crate::tenant::debug_assert_current_span_has_tenant_and_timeline_id();
@@ -421,6 +422,10 @@ async fn build_timeline_info(
                 .await?,
         );
     }
+    // HADRON
+    if include_image_consistent_lsn {
+        info.image_consistent_lsn = Some(timeline.compute_image_consistent_lsn().await?);
+    }
     Ok(info)
 }
 
@@ -510,6 +515,8 @@ async fn build_timeline_info_common(
         is_invisible: Some(is_invisible),
 
         walreceiver_status,
+        // HADRON
+        image_consistent_lsn: None,
     };
     Ok(info)
 }
@@ -712,6 +719,8 @@ async fn timeline_list_handler(
         parse_query_param(&request, "include-non-incremental-logical-size")?;
     let force_await_initial_logical_size: Option<bool> =
         parse_query_param(&request, "force-await-initial-logical-size")?;
+    let include_image_consistent_lsn: Option<bool> =
+        parse_query_param(&request, "include-image-consistent-lsn")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_shard_id.tenant_id))?;
 
     let state = get_state(&request);
@@ -732,6 +741,7 @@ async fn timeline_list_handler(
                 &timeline,
                 include_non_incremental_logical_size.unwrap_or(false),
                 force_await_initial_logical_size.unwrap_or(false),
+                include_image_consistent_lsn.unwrap_or(false),
                 &ctx,
             )
             .instrument(info_span!("build_timeline_info", timeline_id = %timeline.timeline_id))
@@ -760,6 +770,9 @@ async fn timeline_and_offloaded_list_handler(
         parse_query_param(&request, "include-non-incremental-logical-size")?;
     let force_await_initial_logical_size: Option<bool> =
         parse_query_param(&request, "force-await-initial-logical-size")?;
+    let include_image_consistent_lsn: Option<bool> =
+        parse_query_param(&request, "include-image-consistent-lsn")?;
+
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_shard_id.tenant_id))?;
 
     let state = get_state(&request);
@@ -780,6 +793,7 @@ async fn timeline_and_offloaded_list_handler(
                 &timeline,
                 include_non_incremental_logical_size.unwrap_or(false),
                 force_await_initial_logical_size.unwrap_or(false),
+                include_image_consistent_lsn.unwrap_or(false),
                 &ctx,
             )
             .instrument(info_span!("build_timeline_info", timeline_id = %timeline.timeline_id))
@@ -964,6 +978,9 @@ async fn timeline_detail_handler(
         parse_query_param(&request, "include-non-incremental-logical-size")?;
     let force_await_initial_logical_size: Option<bool> =
         parse_query_param(&request, "force-await-initial-logical-size")?;
+    // HADRON
+    let include_image_consistent_lsn: Option<bool> =
+        parse_query_param(&request, "include-image-consistent-lsn")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_shard_id.tenant_id))?;
 
     // Logical size calculation needs downloading.
@@ -984,6 +1001,7 @@ async fn timeline_detail_handler(
             &timeline,
             include_non_incremental_logical_size.unwrap_or(false),
             force_await_initial_logical_size.unwrap_or(false),
+            include_image_consistent_lsn.unwrap_or(false),
             ctx,
         )
         .await
@@ -3643,6 +3661,7 @@ async fn activate_post_import_handler(
         let timeline_info = build_timeline_info(
             &timeline, false, // include_non_incremental_logical_size,
             false, // force_await_initial_logical_size
+            false, // include_image_consistent_lsn
             &ctx,
         )
         .await

pageserver/src/page_service.rs

@@ -3338,9 +3338,12 @@ impl GrpcPageServiceHandler {
     }
 
     /// Generates a PagestreamRequest header from a ReadLsn and request ID.
-    fn make_hdr(read_lsn: page_api::ReadLsn, req_id: u64) -> PagestreamRequest {
+    fn make_hdr(
+        read_lsn: page_api::ReadLsn,
+        req_id: Option<page_api::RequestID>,
+    ) -> PagestreamRequest {
         PagestreamRequest {
-            reqid: req_id,
+            reqid: req_id.map(|r| r.id).unwrap_or_default(),
             request_lsn: read_lsn.request_lsn,
             not_modified_since: read_lsn
                 .not_modified_since_lsn
@@ -3450,7 +3453,7 @@ impl GrpcPageServiceHandler {
 
             batch.push(BatchedGetPageRequest {
                 req: PagestreamGetPageRequest {
-                    hdr: Self::make_hdr(req.read_lsn, req.request_id),
+                    hdr: Self::make_hdr(req.read_lsn, Some(req.request_id)),
                     rel: req.rel,
                     blkno,
                 },
@@ -3480,12 +3483,16 @@ impl GrpcPageServiceHandler {
             request_id: req.request_id,
             status_code: page_api::GetPageStatusCode::Ok,
             reason: None,
-            page_images: Vec::with_capacity(results.len()),
+            rel: req.rel,
+            pages: Vec::with_capacity(results.len()),
         };
 
         for result in results {
             match result {
-                Ok((PagestreamBeMessage::GetPage(r), _, _)) => resp.page_images.push(r.page),
+                Ok((PagestreamBeMessage::GetPage(r), _, _)) => resp.pages.push(page_api::Page {
+                    block_number: r.req.blkno,
+                    image: r.page,
+                }),
                 Ok((resp, _, _)) => {
                     return Err(tonic::Status::internal(format!(
                         "unexpected response: {resp:?}"
@@ -3528,7 +3535,7 @@ impl proto::PageService for GrpcPageServiceHandler {
         span_record!(rel=%req.rel, lsn=%req.read_lsn);
 
         let req = PagestreamExistsRequest {
-            hdr: Self::make_hdr(req.read_lsn, 0),
+            hdr: Self::make_hdr(req.read_lsn, None),
             rel: req.rel,
         };
 
@@ -3678,7 +3685,7 @@ impl proto::PageService for GrpcPageServiceHandler {
         span_record!(db_oid=%req.db_oid, lsn=%req.read_lsn);
 
         let req = PagestreamDbSizeRequest {
-            hdr: Self::make_hdr(req.read_lsn, 0),
+            hdr: Self::make_hdr(req.read_lsn, None),
             dbnode: req.db_oid,
         };
 
@@ -3728,7 +3735,7 @@ impl proto::PageService for GrpcPageServiceHandler {
                 .await?
                 .downgrade();
             while let Some(req) = reqs.message().await? {
-                let req_id = req.request_id;
+                let req_id = req.request_id.map(page_api::RequestID::from).unwrap_or_default();
                 let result = Self::get_page(&ctx, &timeline, req, io_concurrency.clone())
                     .instrument(span.clone()) // propagate request span
                     .await;
@@ -3767,7 +3774,7 @@ impl proto::PageService for GrpcPageServiceHandler {
         span_record!(rel=%req.rel, lsn=%req.read_lsn);
 
         let req = PagestreamNblocksRequest {
-            hdr: Self::make_hdr(req.read_lsn, 0),
+            hdr: Self::make_hdr(req.read_lsn, None),
             rel: req.rel,
         };
 
@@ -3800,7 +3807,7 @@ impl proto::PageService for GrpcPageServiceHandler {
         span_record!(kind=%req.kind, segno=%req.segno, lsn=%req.read_lsn);
 
         let req = PagestreamGetSlruSegmentRequest {
-            hdr: Self::make_hdr(req.read_lsn, 0),
+            hdr: Self::make_hdr(req.read_lsn, None),
             kind: req.kind as u8,
             segno: req.segno,
         };

pageserver/src/tenant.rs

@@ -12816,6 +12816,40 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ]
         );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_get_force_image_creation_lsn() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let tenant_conf = pageserver_api::models::TenantConfig {
+            pitr_interval: Some(Duration::from_secs(7 * 3600)),
+            image_layer_force_creation_period: Some(Duration::from_secs(3600)),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let tenant_id = TenantId::generate();
+
+        let harness = TenantHarness::create_custom(
+            "test_get_force_image_creation_lsn",
+            tenant_conf,
+            tenant_id,
+            ShardIdentity::unsharded(),
+            Generation::new(1),
+        )
+        .await?;
+        let (tenant, ctx) = harness.load().await;
+        let timeline = tenant
+            .create_test_timeline(TIMELINE_ID, Lsn(0x10), DEFAULT_PG_VERSION, &ctx)
+            .await?;
+        timeline.gc_info.write().unwrap().cutoffs.time = Some(Lsn(100));
+        {
+            let writer = timeline.writer().await;
+            writer.finish_write(Lsn(5000));
+        }
+
+        let image_creation_lsn = timeline.get_force_image_creation_lsn().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(image_creation_lsn, Lsn(4300));
         Ok(())
     }
 }

pageserver/src/tenant/layer_map.rs

@@ -46,10 +46,11 @@
 mod historic_layer_coverage;
 mod layer_coverage;
 
-use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, VecDeque};
 use std::iter::Peekable;
 use std::ops::Range;
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Instant;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use historic_layer_coverage::BufferedHistoricLayerCoverage;
@@ -904,6 +905,103 @@ impl LayerMap {
         max_stacked_deltas
     }
 
+    /* BEGIN_HADRON */
+    /**
+     * Compute the image consistent LSN, the largest LSN below which all pages have been redone successfully.
+     * It works by first finding the latest image layers and store them into a map. Then for each delta layer,
+     * find all overlapping image layers in order to potentially increase the image LSN in case there are gaps
+     * (e.g., if an image is created at LSN 100 but the delta layer spans LSN [150, 200], then we can increase
+     * image LSN to 150 because there is no WAL record in between).
+     * Finally, the image consistent LSN is computed by taking the minimum of all image layers.
+     */
+    pub fn compute_image_consistent_lsn(&self, disk_consistent_lsn: Lsn) -> Lsn {
+        struct ImageLayerInfo {
+            // creation LSN of the image layer
+            image_lsn: Lsn,
+            // the current minimum LSN of newer delta layers with overlapping key ranges
+            min_delta_lsn: Lsn,
+        }
+        let started_at = Instant::now();
+
+        let min_l0_deltas_lsn = {
+            let l0_deltas = self.level0_deltas();
+            l0_deltas
+                .iter()
+                .map(|layer| layer.get_lsn_range().start)
+                .min()
+                .unwrap_or(disk_consistent_lsn)
+        };
+        let global_key_range = Key::MIN..Key::MAX;
+
+        // step 1: collect all most recent image layers into a map
+        // map: end key to image_layer_info
+        let mut image_map: BTreeMap<Key, ImageLayerInfo> = BTreeMap::new();
+        for (img_range, img) in self.image_coverage(&global_key_range, disk_consistent_lsn) {
+            let img_lsn = img.map(|layer| layer.get_lsn_range().end).unwrap_or(Lsn(0));
+            image_map.insert(
+                img_range.end,
+                ImageLayerInfo {
+                    image_lsn: img_lsn,
+                    min_delta_lsn: min_l0_deltas_lsn,
+                },
+            );
+        }
+
+        // step 2: go through all delta layers, and update the image layer info with overlapping
+        // key ranges
+        for layer in self.historic.iter() {
+            if !layer.is_delta {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let delta_key_range = layer.get_key_range();
+            let delta_lsn_range = layer.get_lsn_range();
+            for (img_end_key, img_info) in image_map.range_mut(delta_key_range.start..Key::MAX) {
+                debug_assert!(img_end_key >= &delta_key_range.start);
+                if delta_lsn_range.end > img_info.image_lsn {
+                    // the delta layer includes WAL records after the image
+                    // it's possibel that the delta layer's start LSN < image LSN, which will be simply ignored by step 3
+                    img_info.min_delta_lsn =
+                        std::cmp::min(img_info.min_delta_lsn, delta_lsn_range.start);
+                }
+                if img_end_key >= &delta_key_range.end {
+                    // we have fully processed all overlapping image layers
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // step 3, go through all image layers and find the image consistent LSN
+        let mut img_consistent_lsn = min_l0_deltas_lsn.checked_sub(Lsn(1)).unwrap();
+        let mut prev_key = Key::MIN;
+        for (img_key, img_info) in image_map {
+            tracing::debug!(
+                "Image layer {:?}:{} has min delta lsn {}",
+                Range {
+                    start: prev_key,
+                    end: img_key,
+                },
+                img_info.image_lsn,
+                img_info.min_delta_lsn,
+            );
+            let image_lsn = std::cmp::max(
+                img_info.image_lsn,
+                img_info.min_delta_lsn.checked_sub(Lsn(1)).unwrap_or(Lsn(0)),
+            );
+            img_consistent_lsn = std::cmp::min(img_consistent_lsn, image_lsn);
+            prev_key = img_key;
+        }
+        tracing::info!(
+            "computed image_consistent_lsn {} for disk_consistent_lsn {} in {}ms. Processed {} layrs in total.",
+            img_consistent_lsn,
+            disk_consistent_lsn,
+            started_at.elapsed().as_millis(),
+            self.historic.len()
+        );
+        img_consistent_lsn
+    }
+
+    /* END_HADRON */
+
     /// Return all L0 delta layers
     pub fn level0_deltas(&self) -> &Vec<Arc<PersistentLayerDesc>> {
         &self.l0_delta_layers
@@ -1579,6 +1677,138 @@ mod tests {
             LayerVisibilityHint::Visible
         ));
     }
+
+    /* BEGIN_HADRON */
+    #[test]
+    fn test_compute_image_consistent_lsn() {
+        let mut layer_map = LayerMap::default();
+
+        let disk_consistent_lsn = Lsn(1000);
+        // case 1: empty layer map
+        let image_consistent_lsn = layer_map.compute_image_consistent_lsn(disk_consistent_lsn);
+        assert_eq!(
+            disk_consistent_lsn.checked_sub(Lsn(1)).unwrap(),
+            image_consistent_lsn
+        );
+
+        // case 2: only L0 delta layer
+        {
+            let mut updates = layer_map.batch_update();
+            updates.insert_historic(PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(
+                Key::from_i128(0)..Key::from_i128(100),
+                Lsn(900)..Lsn(990),
+                true,
+            ));
+
+            updates.insert_historic(PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(
+                Key::from_i128(0)..Key::from_i128(100),
+                Lsn(850)..Lsn(899),
+                true,
+            ));
+        }
+
+        // should use min L0 delta LSN - 1 as image consistent LSN
+        let image_consistent_lsn = layer_map.compute_image_consistent_lsn(disk_consistent_lsn);
+        assert_eq!(Lsn(849), image_consistent_lsn);
+
+        // case 3: 3 images, no L1 delta
+        {
+            let mut updates = layer_map.batch_update();
+            updates.insert_historic(PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(
+                Key::from_i128(0)..Key::from_i128(40),
+                Lsn(100)..Lsn(100),
+                false,
+            ));
+
+            updates.insert_historic(PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(
+                Key::from_i128(40)..Key::from_i128(70),
+                Lsn(200)..Lsn(200),
+                false,
+            ));
+
+            updates.insert_historic(PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(
+                Key::from_i128(70)..Key::from_i128(100),
+                Lsn(150)..Lsn(150),
+                false,
+            ));
+        }
+        // should use min L0 delta LSN - 1 as image consistent LSN
+        let image_consistent_lsn = layer_map.compute_image_consistent_lsn(disk_consistent_lsn);
+        assert_eq!(Lsn(849), image_consistent_lsn);
+
+        // case 4: 3 images with 1 L1 delta
+        {
+            let mut updates = layer_map.batch_update();
+            updates.insert_historic(PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(
+                Key::from_i128(0)..Key::from_i128(50),
+                Lsn(300)..Lsn(350),
+                true,
+            ));
+        }
+        let image_consistent_lsn = layer_map.compute_image_consistent_lsn(disk_consistent_lsn);
+        assert_eq!(Lsn(299), image_consistent_lsn);
+
+        // case 5: 3 images with 1 more L1 delta with smaller LSN
+        {
+            let mut updates = layer_map.batch_update();
+            updates.insert_historic(PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(
+                Key::from_i128(50)..Key::from_i128(72),
+                Lsn(200)..Lsn(300),
+                true,
+            ));
+        }
+        let image_consistent_lsn = layer_map.compute_image_consistent_lsn(disk_consistent_lsn);
+        assert_eq!(Lsn(199), image_consistent_lsn);
+
+        // case 6: 3 images with more newer L1 deltas (no impact on final results)
+        {
+            let mut updates = layer_map.batch_update();
+            updates.insert_historic(PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(
+                Key::from_i128(0)..Key::from_i128(30),
+                Lsn(400)..Lsn(500),
+                true,
+            ));
+            updates.insert_historic(PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(
+                Key::from_i128(35)..Key::from_i128(100),
+                Lsn(450)..Lsn(600),
+                true,
+            ));
+        }
+        let image_consistent_lsn = layer_map.compute_image_consistent_lsn(disk_consistent_lsn);
+        assert_eq!(Lsn(199), image_consistent_lsn);
+
+        // case 7: 3 images with more older L1 deltas (no impact on final results)
+        {
+            let mut updates = layer_map.batch_update();
+            updates.insert_historic(PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(
+                Key::from_i128(0)..Key::from_i128(40),
+                Lsn(0)..Lsn(50),
+                true,
+            ));
+
+            updates.insert_historic(PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(
+                Key::from_i128(50)..Key::from_i128(100),
+                Lsn(10)..Lsn(60),
+                true,
+            ));
+        }
+        let image_consistent_lsn = layer_map.compute_image_consistent_lsn(disk_consistent_lsn);
+        assert_eq!(Lsn(199), image_consistent_lsn);
+
+        // case 8: 3 images with one more L1 delta with overlapping LSN range
+        {
+            let mut updates = layer_map.batch_update();
+            updates.insert_historic(PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(
+                Key::from_i128(0)..Key::from_i128(50),
+                Lsn(50)..Lsn(250),
+                true,
+            ));
+        }
+        let image_consistent_lsn = layer_map.compute_image_consistent_lsn(disk_consistent_lsn);
+        assert_eq!(Lsn(100), image_consistent_lsn);
+    }
+
+    /* END_HADRON */
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

pageserver/src/tenant/timeline.rs

@@ -351,13 +351,6 @@ pub struct Timeline {
     last_image_layer_creation_check_at: AtomicLsn,
     last_image_layer_creation_check_instant: std::sync::Mutex<Option<Instant>>,
 
-    // HADRON
-    /// If a key range has writes with LSN > force_image_creation_lsn, then we should force image layer creation
-    /// on this key range.
-    force_image_creation_lsn: AtomicLsn,
-    /// The last time instant when force_image_creation_lsn is computed.
-    force_image_creation_lsn_computed_at: std::sync::Mutex<Option<Instant>>,
-
     /// Current logical size of the "datadir", at the last LSN.
     current_logical_size: LogicalSize,
 
@@ -2854,7 +2847,7 @@ impl Timeline {
     }
 
     // HADRON
-    fn get_image_creation_timeout(&self) -> Option<Duration> {
+    fn get_image_layer_force_creation_period(&self) -> Option<Duration> {
         let tenant_conf = self.tenant_conf.load();
         tenant_conf
             .tenant_conf
@@ -3134,9 +3127,6 @@ impl Timeline {
                 repartition_threshold: 0,
                 last_image_layer_creation_check_at: AtomicLsn::new(0),
                 last_image_layer_creation_check_instant: Mutex::new(None),
-                // HADRON
-                force_image_creation_lsn: AtomicLsn::new(0),
-                force_image_creation_lsn_computed_at: std::sync::Mutex::new(None),
                 last_received_wal: Mutex::new(None),
                 rel_size_latest_cache: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
                 rel_size_snapshot_cache: Mutex::new(LruCache::new(relsize_snapshot_cache_capacity)),
@@ -5381,13 +5371,16 @@ impl Timeline {
         }
 
         // HADRON
+        // for child timelines, we consider all pages up to ancestor_LSN are redone successfully by the parent timeline
+        min_image_lsn = min_image_lsn.max(self.get_ancestor_lsn());
         if min_image_lsn < force_image_creation_lsn.unwrap_or(Lsn(0)) && max_deltas > 0 {
             info!(
-                "forcing image creation for partitioned range {}-{}. Min image LSN: {}, force image creation LSN: {}",
+                "forcing image creation for partitioned range {}-{}. Min image LSN: {}, force image creation LSN: {}, num deltas: {}",
                 partition.ranges[0].start,
                 partition.ranges[0].end,
                 min_image_lsn,
-                force_image_creation_lsn.unwrap()
+                force_image_creation_lsn.unwrap(),
+                max_deltas
             );
             return true;
         }
@@ -7153,6 +7146,19 @@ impl Timeline {
             .unwrap()
             .clone()
     }
+
+    /* BEGIN_HADRON */
+    pub(crate) async fn compute_image_consistent_lsn(&self) -> anyhow::Result<Lsn> {
+        let guard = self
+            .layers
+            .read(LayerManagerLockHolder::ComputeImageConsistentLsn)
+            .await;
+        let layer_map = guard.layer_map()?;
+        let disk_consistent_lsn = self.get_disk_consistent_lsn();
+
+        Ok(layer_map.compute_image_consistent_lsn(disk_consistent_lsn))
+    }
+    /* END_HADRON */
 }
 
 impl Timeline {

pageserver/src/tenant/timeline/compaction.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use std::cmp::min;
 use std::collections::{BinaryHeap, HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};
 use std::ops::{Deref, Range};
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 use super::layer_manager::LayerManagerLockHolder;
 use super::{
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ use pageserver_api::models::{CompactInfoResponse, CompactKeyRange};
 use pageserver_api::shard::{ShardCount, ShardIdentity, TenantShardId};
 use pageserver_compaction::helpers::{fully_contains, overlaps_with};
 use pageserver_compaction::interface::*;
-use postgres_ffi::to_pg_timestamp;
 use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::{OwnedSemaphorePermit, Semaphore};
 use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
@@ -47,7 +46,6 @@ use wal_decoder::models::value::Value;
 
 use crate::context::{AccessStatsBehavior, RequestContext, RequestContextBuilder};
 use crate::page_cache;
-use crate::pgdatadir_mapping::LsnForTimestamp;
 use crate::statvfs::Statvfs;
 use crate::tenant::checks::check_valid_layermap;
 use crate::tenant::gc_block::GcBlock;
@@ -1271,10 +1269,7 @@ impl Timeline {
         // Define partitioning schema if needed
 
         // HADRON
-        let force_image_creation_lsn = self
-            .get_or_compute_force_image_creation_lsn(cancel, ctx)
-            .await
-            .map_err(CompactionError::Other)?;
+        let force_image_creation_lsn = self.get_force_image_creation_lsn();
 
         // 1. L0 Compact
         let l0_outcome = {
@@ -1484,59 +1479,37 @@ impl Timeline {
     }
 
     /* BEGIN_HADRON */
-    // Get the force image creation LSN. Compute it if the last computed LSN is too old.
-    async fn get_or_compute_force_image_creation_lsn(
-        self: &Arc<Self>,
-        cancel: &CancellationToken,
-        ctx: &RequestContext,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<Option<Lsn>> {
-        const FORCE_IMAGE_CREATION_LSN_COMPUTE_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10 * 60); // 10 minutes
-        let image_layer_force_creation_period = self.get_image_creation_timeout();
-        if image_layer_force_creation_period.is_none() {
-            return Ok(None);
+    // Get the force image creation LSN based on gc_cutoff_lsn.
+    // Note that this is an estimation and the workload rate may suddenly change. When that happens,
+    // the force image creation may be too early or too late, but eventually it should be able to catch up.
+    pub(crate) fn get_force_image_creation_lsn(self: &Arc<Self>) -> Option<Lsn> {
+        let image_creation_period = self.get_image_layer_force_creation_period()?;
+        let current_lsn = self.get_last_record_lsn();
+        let pitr_lsn = self.gc_info.read().unwrap().cutoffs.time?;
+        let pitr_interval = self.get_pitr_interval();
+        if pitr_lsn == Lsn::INVALID || pitr_interval.is_zero() {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                "pitr LSN/interval not found, skipping force image creation LSN calculation"
+            );
+            return None;
         }
 
-        let image_layer_force_creation_period = image_layer_force_creation_period.unwrap();
-        let force_image_creation_lsn_computed_at =
-            *self.force_image_creation_lsn_computed_at.lock().unwrap();
-        if force_image_creation_lsn_computed_at.is_none()
-            || force_image_creation_lsn_computed_at.unwrap().elapsed()
-                > FORCE_IMAGE_CREATION_LSN_COMPUTE_INTERVAL
-        {
-            let now: SystemTime = SystemTime::now();
-            let timestamp = now
-                .checked_sub(image_layer_force_creation_period)
-                .ok_or_else(|| {
-                    anyhow::anyhow!(
-                        "image creation timeout is too large: {image_layer_force_creation_period:?}"
-                    )
-                })?;
-            let timestamp = to_pg_timestamp(timestamp);
-            let force_image_creation_lsn = match self
-                .find_lsn_for_timestamp(timestamp, cancel, ctx)
-                .await?
-            {
-                LsnForTimestamp::Present(lsn) | LsnForTimestamp::Future(lsn) => lsn,
-                _ => {
-                    let gc_lsn = *self.get_applied_gc_cutoff_lsn();
-                    tracing::info!(
-                        "no LSN found for timestamp {timestamp:?}, using latest GC cutoff LSN {}",
-                        gc_lsn
-                    );
-                    gc_lsn
-                }
-            };
-            self.force_image_creation_lsn
-                .store(force_image_creation_lsn);
-            *self.force_image_creation_lsn_computed_at.lock().unwrap() = Some(Instant::now());
-            tracing::info!(
-                "computed force image creation LSN: {}",
-                force_image_creation_lsn
-            );
-            Ok(Some(force_image_creation_lsn))
-        } else {
-            Ok(Some(self.force_image_creation_lsn.load()))
-        }
+        let delta_lsn = current_lsn.checked_sub(pitr_lsn).unwrap().0
+            * image_creation_period.as_secs()
+            / pitr_interval.as_secs();
+        let force_image_creation_lsn = current_lsn.checked_sub(delta_lsn).unwrap_or(Lsn(0));
+
+        tracing::info!(
+            "Tenant shard {} computed force_image_creation_lsn: {}. Current lsn: {}, image_layer_force_creation_period: {:?}, GC cutoff: {}, PITR interval: {:?}",
+            self.tenant_shard_id,
+            force_image_creation_lsn,
+            current_lsn,
+            image_creation_period,
+            pitr_lsn,
+            pitr_interval
+        );
+
+        Some(force_image_creation_lsn)
     }
     /* END_HADRON */
 

pageserver/src/tenant/timeline/handle.rs

@@ -359,14 +359,14 @@ impl<T: Types> Cache<T> {
                 Err(e) => {
                     // Retry on tenant manager error to handle tenant split more gracefully
                     if attempt < GET_MAX_RETRIES {
-                        tracing::warn!(
-                            "Fail to resolve tenant shard in attempt {}: {:?}. Retrying...",
-                            attempt,
-                            e
-                        );
                         tokio::time::sleep(RETRY_BACKOFF).await;
                         continue;
                     } else {
+                        tracing::warn!(
+                            "Failed to resolve tenant shard after {} attempts: {:?}",
+                            GET_MAX_RETRIES,
+                            e
+                        );
                         return Err(e);
                     }
                 }

pageserver/src/tenant/timeline/layer_manager.rs

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ pub(crate) enum LayerManagerLockHolder {
     ImportPgData,
     DetachAncestor,
     Eviction,
+    ComputeImageConsistentLsn,
     #[cfg(test)]
     Testing,
 }

pgxn/neon/libpagestore.c

@@ -1410,7 +1410,7 @@ pg_init_libpagestore(void)
 							"sharding stripe size",
 							NULL,
 							&stripe_size,
-							32768, 1, INT_MAX,
+							2048, 1, INT_MAX,
 							PGC_SIGHUP,
 							GUC_UNIT_BLOCKS,
 							NULL, NULL, NULL);

pgxn/neon/walproposer.h

@@ -376,6 +376,18 @@ typedef struct PageserverFeedback
 	uint32		shard_number;
 } PageserverFeedback;
 
+/* BEGIN_HADRON */
+typedef struct WalRateLimiter
+{
+	/* If the value is 1, PG backends will hit backpressure. */
+	pg_atomic_uint32 should_limit;
+	/* The number of bytes sent in the current second. */
+	uint64		sent_bytes;
+	/* The last recorded time in microsecond. */
+	TimestampTz last_recorded_time_us;
+} WalRateLimiter;
+/* END_HADRON */
+
 typedef struct WalproposerShmemState
 {
 	pg_atomic_uint64 propEpochStartLsn;
@@ -395,6 +407,11 @@ typedef struct WalproposerShmemState
 
 	/* aggregated feedback with min LSNs across shards */
 	PageserverFeedback min_ps_feedback;
+
+	/* BEGIN_HADRON */
+	/* The WAL rate limiter */
+	WalRateLimiter wal_rate_limiter;
+	/* END_HADRON */
 } WalproposerShmemState;
 
 /*

pgxn/neon/walproposer_pg.c

@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ int			wal_acceptor_reconnect_timeout = 1000;
 int			wal_acceptor_connection_timeout = 10000;
 int			safekeeper_proto_version = 3;
 char	   *safekeeper_conninfo_options = "";
+/* BEGIN_HADRON */
+int         databricks_max_wal_mb_per_second = -1;
+/* END_HADRON */
 
 /* Set to true in the walproposer bgw. */
 static bool am_walproposer;
@@ -252,6 +255,18 @@ nwp_register_gucs(void)
 							PGC_POSTMASTER,
 							0,
 							NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+    /* BEGIN_HADRON */
+    DefineCustomIntVariable(
+                            "databricks.max_wal_mb_per_second",
+                            "The maximum WAL MB per second allowed. If breached, sending WAL hit the backpressure. Setting to -1 disables the limit.",
+                            NULL,
+                            &databricks_max_wal_mb_per_second,
+                            -1, -1, INT_MAX,
+                            PGC_SUSET,
+                            GUC_UNIT_MB,
+                            NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    /* END_HADRON */
 }
 
 
@@ -393,6 +408,7 @@ assign_neon_safekeepers(const char *newval, void *extra)
 static uint64
 backpressure_lag_impl(void)
 {
+	struct WalproposerShmemState* state = NULL;
 	if (max_replication_apply_lag > 0 || max_replication_flush_lag > 0 || max_replication_write_lag > 0)
 	{
 		XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
@@ -426,6 +442,18 @@ backpressure_lag_impl(void)
 			return (myFlushLsn - applyPtr - max_replication_apply_lag * MB);
 		}
 	}
+
+	/* BEGIN_HADRON */
+	if (databricks_max_wal_mb_per_second == -1) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	state = GetWalpropShmemState();
+	if (state != NULL && pg_atomic_read_u32(&state->wal_rate_limiter.should_limit) == 1)
+	{
+		return 1;
+	}
+	/* END_HADRON */
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -472,6 +500,9 @@ WalproposerShmemInit(void)
 		pg_atomic_init_u64(&walprop_shared->mineLastElectedTerm, 0);
 		pg_atomic_init_u64(&walprop_shared->backpressureThrottlingTime, 0);
 		pg_atomic_init_u64(&walprop_shared->currentClusterSize, 0);
+		/* BEGIN_HADRON */
+		pg_atomic_init_u32(&walprop_shared->wal_rate_limiter.should_limit, 0);
+		/* END_HADRON */
 	}
 	LWLockRelease(AddinShmemInitLock);
 
@@ -487,6 +518,9 @@ WalproposerShmemInit_SyncSafekeeper(void)
 	pg_atomic_init_u64(&walprop_shared->propEpochStartLsn, 0);
 	pg_atomic_init_u64(&walprop_shared->mineLastElectedTerm, 0);
 	pg_atomic_init_u64(&walprop_shared->backpressureThrottlingTime, 0);
+	/* BEGIN_HADRON */
+	pg_atomic_init_u32(&walprop_shared->wal_rate_limiter.should_limit, 0);
+	/* END_HADRON */
 }
 
 #define BACK_PRESSURE_DELAY 10000L // 0.01 sec
@@ -521,7 +555,6 @@ backpressure_throttling_impl(void)
 	if (lag == 0)
 		return retry;
 
-
 	old_status = get_ps_display(&len);
 	new_status = (char *) palloc(len + 64 + 1);
 	memcpy(new_status, old_status, len);
@@ -1458,6 +1491,8 @@ XLogBroadcastWalProposer(WalProposer *wp)
 {
 	XLogRecPtr	startptr;
 	XLogRecPtr	endptr;
+	struct WalproposerShmemState *state = NULL;
+	TimestampTz now = 0;
 
 	/* Start from the last sent position */
 	startptr = sentPtr;
@@ -1502,13 +1537,36 @@ XLogBroadcastWalProposer(WalProposer *wp)
 	 * that arbitrary LSN is eventually reported as written, flushed and
 	 * applied, so that it can measure the elapsed time.
 	 */
-	LagTrackerWrite(endptr, GetCurrentTimestamp());
+	now = GetCurrentTimestamp();
+	LagTrackerWrite(endptr, now);
 
 	/* Do we have any work to do? */
 	Assert(startptr <= endptr);
 	if (endptr <= startptr)
 		return;
 
+	/* BEGIN_HADRON */
+	state = GetWalpropShmemState();
+	if (databricks_max_wal_mb_per_second != -1 && state != NULL)
+	{
+		uint64 max_wal_bytes = (uint64) databricks_max_wal_mb_per_second * 1024 * 1024;
+		struct WalRateLimiter *limiter = &state->wal_rate_limiter;
+
+		if (now - limiter->last_recorded_time_us > USECS_PER_SEC)
+		{
+			/* Reset the rate limiter */
+			limiter->last_recorded_time_us = now;
+			limiter->sent_bytes = 0;
+			pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&limiter->should_limit, 0);
+		}
+		limiter->sent_bytes += (endptr - startptr);
+		if (limiter->sent_bytes > max_wal_bytes)
+		{
+			pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&limiter->should_limit, 1);
+		}
+	}
+	/* END_HADRON */
+
 	WalProposerBroadcast(wp, startptr, endptr);
 	sentPtr = endptr;
 

storage_controller/src/http.rs

@@ -850,6 +850,31 @@ async fn handle_tenant_describe(
     json_response(StatusCode::OK, service.tenant_describe(tenant_id)?)
 }
 
+/* BEGIN_HADRON */
+async fn handle_tenant_timeline_describe(
+    service: Arc<Service>,
+    req: Request<Body>,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+    check_permissions(&req, Scope::Scrubber)?;
+
+    let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&req, "tenant_id")?;
+    let timeline_id: TimelineId = parse_request_param(&req, "timeline_id")?;
+    match maybe_forward(req).await {
+        ForwardOutcome::Forwarded(res) => {
+            return res;
+        }
+        ForwardOutcome::NotForwarded(_req) => {}
+    };
+
+    json_response(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        service
+            .tenant_timeline_describe(tenant_id, timeline_id)
+            .await?,
+    )
+}
+/* END_HADRON */
+
 async fn handle_tenant_list(
     service: Arc<Service>,
     req: Request<Body>,
@@ -2480,6 +2505,13 @@ pub fn make_router(
             )
         })
         // Timeline operations
+        .get("/control/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id", |r| {
+            tenant_service_handler(
+                r,
+                handle_tenant_timeline_describe,
+                RequestName("v1_tenant_timeline_describe"),
+            )
+        })
         .delete("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id", |r| {
             tenant_service_handler(
                 r,

storage_controller/src/pageserver_client.rs

@@ -86,6 +86,23 @@ impl PageserverClient {
         )
     }
 
+    /* BEGIN_HADRON */
+    pub(crate) async fn tenant_timeline_describe(
+        &self,
+        tenant_shard_id: &TenantShardId,
+        timeline_id: &TimelineId,
+    ) -> Result<TimelineInfo> {
+        measured_request!(
+            "tenant_timeline_describe",
+            crate::metrics::Method::Get,
+            &self.node_id_label,
+            self.inner
+                .tenant_timeline_describe(tenant_shard_id, timeline_id,)
+                .await
+        )
+    }
+    /* END_HADRON */
+
     pub(crate) async fn tenant_scan_remote_storage(
         &self,
         tenant_id: TenantId,

storage_controller/src/service.rs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use pageserver_api::controller_api::{
     ShardSchedulingPolicy, ShardsPreferredAzsRequest, ShardsPreferredAzsResponse,
     SkSchedulingPolicy, TenantCreateRequest, TenantCreateResponse, TenantCreateResponseShard,
     TenantDescribeResponse, TenantDescribeResponseShard, TenantLocateResponse, TenantPolicyRequest,
-    TenantShardMigrateRequest, TenantShardMigrateResponse,
+    TenantShardMigrateRequest, TenantShardMigrateResponse, TenantTimelineDescribeResponse,
 };
 use pageserver_api::models::{
     self, DetachBehavior, LocationConfig, LocationConfigListResponse, LocationConfigMode, LsnLease,
@@ -5486,6 +5486,92 @@ impl Service {
         .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(anyhow::anyhow!("Tenant {tenant_id} not found").into()))
     }
 
+    /* BEGIN_HADRON */
+    pub(crate) async fn tenant_timeline_describe(
+        &self,
+        tenant_id: TenantId,
+        timeline_id: TimelineId,
+    ) -> Result<TenantTimelineDescribeResponse, ApiError> {
+        self.tenant_remote_mutation(tenant_id, |locations| async move {
+            if locations.0.is_empty() {
+                return Err(ApiError::NotFound(
+                    anyhow::anyhow!("Tenant not found").into(),
+                ));
+            };
+
+            let locations: Vec<(TenantShardId, Node)> = locations
+                .0
+                .iter()
+                .map(|t| (*t.0, t.1.latest.node.clone()))
+                .collect();
+            let mut futs = FuturesUnordered::new();
+
+            for (shard_id, node) in locations {
+                futs.push({
+                    async move {
+                        let result = node
+                            .with_client_retries(
+                                |client| async move {
+                                    client
+                                        .tenant_timeline_describe(&shard_id, &timeline_id)
+                                        .await
+                                },
+                                &self.http_client,
+                                &self.config.pageserver_jwt_token,
+                                3,
+                                3,
+                                Duration::from_secs(30),
+                                &self.cancel,
+                            )
+                            .await;
+                        (result, shard_id, node.get_id())
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+
+            let mut results: Vec<TimelineInfo> = Vec::new();
+            while let Some((result, tenant_shard_id, node_id)) = futs.next().await {
+                match result {
+                    Some(Ok(timeline_info)) => results.push(timeline_info),
+                    Some(Err(e)) => {
+                        tracing::warn!(
+                            "Failed to describe tenant {} timeline {} for pageserver {}: {e}",
+                            tenant_shard_id,
+                            timeline_id,
+                            node_id,
+                        );
+                        return Err(ApiError::ResourceUnavailable(format!("{e}").into()));
+                    }
+                    None => return Err(ApiError::Cancelled),
+                }
+            }
+            let mut image_consistent_lsn: Option<Lsn> = Some(Lsn::MAX);
+            for timeline_info in &results {
+                if let Some(tline_image_consistent_lsn) = timeline_info.image_consistent_lsn {
+                    image_consistent_lsn = Some(std::cmp::min(
+                        image_consistent_lsn.unwrap(),
+                        tline_image_consistent_lsn,
+                    ));
+                } else {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        "Timeline {} on shard {} does not have image consistent lsn",
+                        timeline_info.timeline_id,
+                        timeline_info.tenant_id
+                    );
+                    image_consistent_lsn = None;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            Ok(TenantTimelineDescribeResponse {
+                shards: results,
+                image_consistent_lsn,
+            })
+        })
+        .await?
+    }
+    /* END_HADRON */
+
     /// limit & offset are pagination parameters. Since we are walking an in-memory HashMap, `offset` does not
     /// avoid traversing data, it just avoid returning it. This is suitable for our purposes, since our in memory
     /// maps are small enough to traverse fast, our pagination is just to avoid serializing huge JSON responses

storage_controller/src/service/safekeeper_service.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ use pageserver_api::models::{SafekeeperInfo, SafekeepersInfo, TimelineInfo};
 use safekeeper_api::PgVersionId;
 use safekeeper_api::membership::{self, MemberSet, SafekeeperGeneration};
 use safekeeper_api::models::{
-    PullTimelineRequest, TimelineMembershipSwitchRequest, TimelineMembershipSwitchResponse,
+    PullTimelineRequest, TimelineLocateResponse, TimelineMembershipSwitchRequest,
+    TimelineMembershipSwitchResponse,
 };
 use safekeeper_api::{INITIAL_TERM, Term};
 use safekeeper_client::mgmt_api;
@@ -37,13 +38,6 @@ use utils::lsn::Lsn;
 
 use super::Service;
 
-#[derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize, Clone)]
-pub struct TimelineLocateResponse {
-    pub generation: SafekeeperGeneration,
-    pub sk_set: Vec<NodeId>,
-    pub new_sk_set: Option<Vec<NodeId>>,
-}
-
 impl Service {
     fn make_member_set(safekeepers: &[Safekeeper]) -> Result<MemberSet, ApiError> {
         let members = safekeepers

test_runner/fixtures/neon_fixtures.py

@@ -2342,6 +2342,20 @@ class NeonStorageController(MetricsGetter, LogUtils):
         response.raise_for_status()
         return response.json()
 
+    # HADRON
+    def tenant_timeline_describe(
+        self,
+        tenant_id: TenantId,
+        timeline_id: TimelineId,
+    ):
+        response = self.request(
+            "GET",
+            f"{self.api}/control/v1/tenant/{tenant_id}/timeline/{timeline_id}",
+            headers=self.headers(TokenScope.ADMIN),
+        )
+        response.raise_for_status()
+        return response.json()
+
     def nodes(self):
         """
         :return: list of {"id": ""}

test_runner/fixtures/pageserver/allowed_errors.py

@@ -115,8 +115,7 @@ DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_ALLOWED_ERRORS = (
     ".*Local data loss suspected.*",
     # Too many frozen layers error is normal during intensive benchmarks
     ".*too many frozen layers.*",
-    # Transient errors when resolving tenant shards by page service
-    ".*Fail to resolve tenant shard in attempt.*",
+    ".*Failed to resolve tenant shard after.*",
     # Expected warnings when pageserver has not refreshed GC info yet
     ".*pitr LSN/interval not found, skipping force image creation LSN calculation.*",
     ".*No broker updates received for a while.*",

test_runner/regress/test_compaction.py

@@ -960,9 +960,9 @@ def get_layer_map(env, tenant_shard_id, timeline_id, ps_id):
     return image_layer_count, delta_layer_count
 
 
-def test_image_creation_timeout(neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder):
+def test_image_layer_force_creation_period(neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder):
     """
-    Tests that page server can force creating new images if image creation timeout is enabled
+    Tests that page server can force creating new images if image_layer_force_creation_period is enabled
     """
     # use large knobs to disable L0 compaction/image creation except for the force image creation
     tenant_conf = {
@@ -972,10 +972,10 @@ def test_image_creation_timeout(neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder):
         "checkpoint_distance": 10 * 1024,
         "checkpoint_timeout": "1s",
         "image_layer_force_creation_period": "1s",
-        # The lsn for forced image layer creations is calculated once every 10 minutes.
-        # Hence, drive compaction manually such that the test doesn't compute it at the
-        # wrong time.
-        "compaction_period": "0s",
+        "pitr_interval": "10s",
+        "gc_period": "1s",
+        "compaction_period": "1s",
+        "lsn_lease_length": "1s",
     }
 
     # consider every tenant large to run the image layer generation check more eagerly
@@ -1018,4 +1018,69 @@ def test_image_creation_timeout(neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder):
     )
 
 
+def test_image_consistent_lsn(neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder):
+    """
+    Test the /v1/tenant/<tenant_id>/timeline/<timeline_id> endpoint and the computation of image_consistent_lsn
+    """
+    # use large knobs to disable L0 compaction/image creation except for the force image creation
+    tenant_conf = {
+        "compaction_threshold": "100",
+        "image_creation_threshold": "100",
+        "image_layer_creation_check_threshold": "1",
+        "checkpoint_distance": 10 * 1024,
+        "checkpoint_timeout": "1s",
+        "image_layer_force_creation_period": "1s",
+        "pitr_interval": "10s",
+        "gc_period": "1s",
+        "compaction_period": "1s",
+        "lsn_lease_length": "1s",
+    }
+
+    neon_env_builder.num_pageservers = 2
+    neon_env_builder.num_safekeepers = 1
+    env = neon_env_builder.init_start(
+        initial_tenant_conf=tenant_conf,
+        initial_tenant_shard_count=4,
+        initial_tenant_shard_stripe_size=1,
+    )
+
+    tenant_id = env.initial_tenant
+    timeline_id = env.initial_timeline
+
+    endpoint = env.endpoints.create_start("main")
+    endpoint.safe_psql("CREATE TABLE foo (id INTEGER, val text)")
+    for v in range(10):
+        endpoint.safe_psql(
+            f"INSERT INTO foo (id, val) VALUES ({v}, repeat('abcde{v:0>3}', 500))", log_query=False
+        )
+
+    response = env.storage_controller.tenant_timeline_describe(tenant_id, timeline_id)
+    shards = response["shards"]
+    for shard in shards:
+        assert shard["image_consistent_lsn"] is not None
+    image_consistent_lsn = response["image_consistent_lsn"]
+    assert image_consistent_lsn is not None
+
+    # do more writes and wait for image_consistent_lsn to advance
+    for v in range(100):
+        endpoint.safe_psql(
+            f"INSERT INTO foo (id, val) VALUES ({v}, repeat('abcde{v:0>3}', 500))", log_query=False
+        )
+
+    def check_image_consistent_lsn_advanced():
+        response = env.storage_controller.tenant_timeline_describe(tenant_id, timeline_id)
+        new_image_consistent_lsn = response["image_consistent_lsn"]
+        shards = response["shards"]
+        for shard in shards:
+            print(f"shard {shard['tenant_id']} image_consistent_lsn{shard['image_consistent_lsn']}")
+        assert new_image_consistent_lsn != image_consistent_lsn
+
+    wait_until(check_image_consistent_lsn_advanced)
+
+    endpoint.stop_and_destroy()
+
+    for ps in env.pageservers:
+        ps.allowed_errors.append(".*created delta file of size.*larger than double of target.*")
+
+
 # END_HADRON

test_runner/regress/test_compatibility.py

@@ -200,6 +200,8 @@ def test_create_snapshot(
         ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns("pg_dynshmem"),
     )
 
+    log.info(f"Copied new compatibility snapshot dir to: {compatibility_snapshot_dir}")
+
 
 # check_neon_works does recovery from WAL => the compatibility snapshot's WAL is old => will log this warning
 ingest_lag_log_line = ".*ingesting record with timestamp lagging more than wait_lsn_timeout.*"
@@ -218,6 +220,10 @@ def test_backward_compatibility(
     """
     Test that the new binaries can read old data
     """
+
+    snapshot_dir_stat = os.stat(compatibility_snapshot_dir)
+    log.info(f"Snapshot dir at {compatibility_snapshot_dir} stat: {snapshot_dir_stat}")
+
     neon_env_builder.num_safekeepers = 3
     env = neon_env_builder.from_repo_dir(compatibility_snapshot_dir / "repo")
     env.pageserver.allowed_errors.append(ingest_lag_log_line)
@@ -249,6 +255,9 @@ def test_forward_compatibility(
     Test that the old binaries can read new data
     """
 
+    snapshot_dir_stat = os.stat(compatibility_snapshot_dir)
+    log.info(f"Snapshot dir at {compatibility_snapshot_dir} stat: {snapshot_dir_stat}")
+
     neon_env_builder.control_plane_hooks_api = compute_reconfigure_listener.control_plane_hooks_api
     neon_env_builder.test_may_use_compatibility_snapshot_binaries = True
 

test_runner/regress/test_lfc_prewarm.py

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def prom_parse(client: EndpointHttpClient) -> dict[str, float]:
 
 def offload_lfc(method: PrewarmMethod, client: EndpointHttpClient, cur: Cursor) -> Any:
     if method == PrewarmMethod.POSTGRES:
-        cur.execute("select get_local_cache_state()")
+        cur.execute("select neon.get_local_cache_state()")
         return cur.fetchall()[0][0]
 
     if method == PrewarmMethod.AUTOPREWARM:
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def prewarm_endpoint(
     elif method == PrewarmMethod.COMPUTE_CTL:
         client.prewarm_lfc()
     elif method == PrewarmMethod.POSTGRES:
-        cur.execute("select prewarm_local_cache(%s)", (lfc_state,))
+        cur.execute("select neon.prewarm_local_cache(%s)", (lfc_state,))
 
 
 def check_prewarmed(
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ def test_lfc_prewarm(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv, method: PrewarmMethod):
 
     pg_conn = endpoint.connect()
     pg_cur = pg_conn.cursor()
-    pg_cur.execute("create extension neon")
+    pg_cur.execute("create schema neon; create extension neon with schema neon")
     pg_cur.execute("create database lfc")
 
     lfc_conn = endpoint.connect(dbname="lfc")
@@ -142,10 +142,12 @@ def test_lfc_prewarm(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv, method: PrewarmMethod):
     lfc_cur = lfc_conn.cursor()
     prewarm_endpoint(method, client, pg_cur, lfc_state)
 
-    pg_cur.execute("select lfc_value from neon_lfc_stats where lfc_key='file_cache_used_pages'")
+    pg_cur.execute(
+        "select lfc_value from neon.neon_lfc_stats where lfc_key='file_cache_used_pages'"
+    )
     lfc_used_pages = pg_cur.fetchall()[0][0]
     log.info(f"Used LFC size: {lfc_used_pages}")
-    pg_cur.execute("select * from get_prewarm_info()")
+    pg_cur.execute("select * from neon.get_prewarm_info()")
     total, prewarmed, skipped, _ = pg_cur.fetchall()[0]
     log.info(f"Prewarm info: {total=} {prewarmed=} {skipped=}")
     progress = (prewarmed + skipped) * 100 // total
@@ -186,7 +188,7 @@ def test_lfc_prewarm_under_workload(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv, method: PrewarmMet
 
     pg_conn = endpoint.connect()
     pg_cur = pg_conn.cursor()
-    pg_cur.execute("create extension neon")
+    pg_cur.execute("create schema neon; create extension neon with schema neon")
     pg_cur.execute("CREATE DATABASE lfc")
 
     lfc_conn = endpoint.connect(dbname="lfc")

test_runner/regress/test_replica_promotes.py

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def test_replica_promote(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv, method: PromoteMethod):
 
     with primary.connect() as primary_conn:
         primary_cur = primary_conn.cursor()
-        primary_cur.execute("create extension neon")
+        primary_cur.execute("create schema neon;create extension neon with schema neon")
         primary_cur.execute(
             "create table t(pk bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, payload integer)"
         )
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ def test_replica_promote_handler_disconnects(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv):
     secondary: Endpoint = env.endpoints.new_replica_start(origin=primary, endpoint_id="secondary")
 
     with primary.connect() as conn, conn.cursor() as cur:
-        cur.execute("create extension neon")
+        cur.execute("create schema neon;create extension neon with schema neon")
         cur.execute("create table t(pk bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, payload integer)")
         cur.execute("INSERT INTO t(payload) SELECT generate_series(1, 100)")
         cur.execute("show neon.safekeepers")