chore: bump version to 3.1.21

Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>
fix(accounts): isolate model-specific quota usage
2026-11-07 00:05:49 +00:00 · 2026-08-11 17:42:54 +08:00 · 2026-08-11 17:42:02 +08:00 · 2026-08-11 17:21:31 +08:00 · 2026-08-11 17:21:23 +08:00 · 2026-08-11 17:21:16 +08:00
134 changed files with 5212 additions and 6256 deletions
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ updates:
      day: monday
      time: '09:10'
      timezone: Asia/Shanghai
+    # 固定官方 Codex Desktop 的 TLS 指纹；升级前必须抓取握手并比对扩展顺序。
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: hyper-rustls
+      - dependency-name: reqwest
+      - dependency-name: rustls
    groups:
      minor-and-patch:
        update-types:
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:
          ${{ hashFiles('trivy-results.sarif') != '' &&
              (github.event_name != 'pull_request' ||
               github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository) }}
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@f205ea1c3313d32999d8d6a48b4f6530d4437b38 # v4.37.4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@5595ccaf912efad79be6eef63a5619ff05969be3 # v4.37.6
        with:
          sarif_file: trivy-results.sarif
          category: runtime-container
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ jobs:
          components: rustfmt,clippy

      - name: Cache Rust
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@6323deb102c322ba6fcbdcafc7e3dddab59af2b6 # v2.9.2
        with:
          workspaces: backend -> target

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ jobs:
          ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}

      - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0ebf47130e4866e96fce0953f49152a61190b271 # v6.0.9
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0977fd99725f1db4007ccb2928dbb4e90d06cc86 # v6.0.10
        with:
          version: 11.7.0

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Detect affected checks
        id: filter
-        uses: dorny/paths-filter@7b450fff21473bca461d4b92ce414b9d0420d706 # v4.0.2
+        uses: dorny/paths-filter@ceb8a2b8f2d89434be7ff52d3de7ec3738c5cc9d # v4.0.3
        with:
          filters: |
            backend:
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ jobs:
          PY

      - name: Generate release asset provenance
-        uses: actions/attest@508db95dd578ae2727ebd6217d5ba78e4fbda05d # v4.2.1
+        uses: actions/attest@1e69f48acb82d1966a394da916b4c1698aa569d6 # v4.2.2
        with:
          subject-path: dist/release/*

@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ jobs:
          echo "digest=${digest}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"

      - name: Generate container provenance attestation
-        uses: actions/attest@508db95dd578ae2727ebd6217d5ba78e4fbda05d # v4.2.1
+        uses: actions/attest@1e69f48acb82d1966a394da916b4c1698aa569d6 # v4.2.2
        with:
          subject-name: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
          subject-digest: ${{ steps.manifest.outputs.digest }}
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1a3a6d54512beeaffd394f8d516ca16f2c506a20 # 1.97

      - name: Cache Rust
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@6323deb102c322ba6fcbdcafc7e3dddab59af2b6 # v2.9.2
        with:
          workspaces: backend -> target

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}

      - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0ebf47130e4866e96fce0953f49152a61190b271 # v6.0.9
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0977fd99725f1db4007ccb2928dbb4e90d06cc86 # v6.0.10
        with:
          version: 11.7.0

@@ -216,9 +216,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "aws-sdk-s3"
-version = "1.140.0"
+version = "1.141.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e9660cf991e512fbe6094f1041ff3d3282bc5aeeeb6184e8de437ec2de024a10"
+checksum = "d9f9420d3a2467eed22ed3635ca653653162c386a0b0f65c78189f9bd3c1379e"
 dependencies = [
 "arc-swap",
 "aws-credential-types",
@@ -578,9 +578,9 @@ checksum = "72b3254f16251a8381aa12e40e3c4d2f0199f8c6508fbecb9d91f575e0fbb8c6"

 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
-version = "0.23.0"
+version = "0.23.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b25655df2c3cdd83c5e5b293b88acd880332b2ddadd7c30ac43144fdc0033da9"
+checksum = "ac07cdecf99051d9a5238b80f35af32cdeba5b336e55d957b318b50137e18da5"

 [[package]]
 name = "base64-simd"
@@ -1493,7 +1493,7 @@ version = "0.0.0"
 dependencies = [
 "argon2",
 "async-trait",
- "base64 0.23.0",
+ "base64 0.23.1",
 "chrono",
 "chrono-tz",
 "cron",
@@ -1519,7 +1519,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "async-trait",
 "axum",
- "base64 0.23.0",
+ "base64 0.23.1",
 "bytes",
 "chrono",
 "futures",
@@ -2125,11 +2125,9 @@ dependencies = [
 "base64 0.22.1",
 "getrandom 0.2.17",
 "js-sys",
- "pem",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
 "signature 2.2.0",
- "simple_asn1",
 "zeroize",
 ]

@@ -2280,16 +2278,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "num-bigint"
-version = "0.4.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c89e69e7e0f03bea5ef08013795c25018e101932225a656383bd384495ecc367"
-dependencies = [
- "num-integer",
- "num-traits",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "num-conv"
 version = "0.2.2"
@@ -2407,16 +2395,6 @@ version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "df94ce210e5bc13cb6651479fa48d14f601d9858cfe0467f43ae157023b938d3"

-[[package]]
-name = "pem"
-version = "3.0.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1d30c53c26bc5b31a98cd02d20f25a7c8567146caf63ed593a9d87b2775291be"
-dependencies = [
- "base64 0.22.1",
- "serde_core",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "pem-rfc7468"
 version = "1.0.0"
@@ -2597,7 +2575,7 @@ version = "0.0.0"
 dependencies = [
 "async-stream",
 "async-trait",
- "base64 0.23.0",
+ "base64 0.23.1",
 "bytes",
 "chrono",
 "cookie",
@@ -2610,7 +2588,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "getrandom 0.4.3",
 "hex",
 "hyper-rustls",
- "jsonwebtoken",
 "reqwest",
 "roxmltree",
 "rustls",
@@ -2628,6 +2605,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio-tungstenite 0.28.0",
 "tokio-util",
 "tracing",
+ "tracing-subscriber",
 "tungstenite 0.27.0",
 "url",
 "uuid",
@@ -2641,7 +2619,7 @@ version = "0.0.0"
 dependencies = [
 "async-stream",
 "async-trait",
- "base64 0.23.0",
+ "base64 0.23.1",
 "bytes",
 "chrono",
 "futures",
@@ -3323,18 +3301,6 @@ version = "0.3.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "703d5c7ef118737c72f1af64ad2f6f8c5e1921f818cdcb97b8fe6fc69bf66214"

-[[package]]
-name = "simple_asn1"
-version = "0.6.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0d585997b0ac10be3c5ee635f1bab02d512760d14b7c468801ac8a01d9ae5f1d"
-dependencies = [
- "num-bigint",
- "num-traits",
- "thiserror",
- "time",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "siphasher"
 version = "1.0.3"
@@ -3657,7 +3623,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "32497e9a4c7b38532efcdebeef879707aa9f794296a4f0244f6f69e9bc8574bd"
 dependencies = [
 "fastrand",
- "getrandom 0.4.3",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
 "once_cell",
 "rustix",
 "windows-sys 0.61.2",
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ fn config_loader_should_reject_removed_fingerprint_section() {
 }

 #[test]
-fn config_loader_should_reject_invalid_codex_core_version() {
+fn config_loader_should_reject_invalid_codex_cli_version() {
    assert_rejected(valid_config().replace("codex_version: '0.146.0'", "codex_version: 'latest'"));
 }

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ pub struct AccountRecord {
    pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
    pub name: String,
    pub email: Option<String>,
-    pub upstream_user_id: String,
+    pub upstream_user_id: Option<String>,
    pub upstream_account_id: Option<String>,
    pub plan_type: Option<String>,
    pub authentication_kind: String,
@@ -531,12 +531,23 @@ pub struct DashboardRuntimeSlots {
    pub used_slots: Option<u64>,
 }

-/// 仪表盘所需的公共观测事实。
+/// 仪表盘卡片脚注展示的全历史累计。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq)]
+pub struct DashboardTotals {
+    pub request_count: u64,
+    pub input_tokens: u64,
+    pub cached_tokens: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: u64,
+    pub billing_usd: Option<DecimalAmount>,
+}
+
+/// 仪表盘所需的当前区间事实及全历史累计。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct DashboardObservation {
    pub range: TimeRange,
    pub requests: RequestMetrics,
    pub attempts: AttemptMetrics,
+    pub totals: DashboardTotals,
    pub provider_accounts: AccountPoolMetrics,
    pub trend: Vec<RequestMetricPoint>,
    pub account_usage: Vec<DashboardAccountUsage>,
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ pub struct PreparedCredentialCreate {
    pub provider_kind: ProviderKind,
    pub name: String,
    pub email: Option<String>,
-    pub upstream_user_id: String,
+    pub upstream_user_id: Option<String>,
    pub upstream_account_id: Option<String>,
    pub plan_type: Option<String>,
    pub authentication_kind: String,
@@ -564,6 +564,15 @@ impl fmt::Debug for RotateCredential {
    }
 }

+/// 通用账号用量能否可靠归属到一个 Provider quota 窗口。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum QuotaLocalUsageAttribution {
+    /// 窗口覆盖账号的全部请求，可按账号与时间范围聚合。
+    AccountWide,
+    /// 窗口需要 Provider / 模型级归属，通用账号聚合不可用。
+    Unavailable,
+}
+
 /// 一个 Provider quota 窗口的公共投影。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct ProviderQuotaWindow {
@@ -571,6 +580,7 @@ pub struct ProviderQuotaWindow {
    pub group: String,
    pub label: String,
    pub source: Option<String>,
+    pub local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution,
    pub window_seconds: Option<u64>,
    pub used_percent: Option<f64>,
    pub reset_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use crate::{
        provider_credentials::{
            AccountDirectoryItem, AccountDirectoryPage, AccountExportBundle, AccountRefreshResult,
            PrepareCredentialRefresh, ProviderModels, ProviderQuota, ProviderQuotaRequest,
-            ProviderQuotaWindow,
+            ProviderQuotaWindow, QuotaLocalUsageAttribution,
        },
    },
    ports::{
@@ -160,7 +160,9 @@ impl DefaultAccountsService {
            .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
        for (account, quota) in accounts.iter().zip(quotas) {
            for window in &mut quota.windows {
-                if window.local_usage.is_none() {
+                if window.local_usage.is_none()
+                    && window.local_usage_attribution == QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide
+                {
                    let key = (account.id.clone(), window.key.clone());
                    if let Some(usage) = usage_by_window.get(&key) {
                        window.local_usage = Some(usage.clone());
@@ -568,7 +570,9 @@ fn quota_usage_window(
    account_id: &str,
    window: &ProviderQuotaWindow,
 ) -> Option<AccountUsageWindowQuery> {
-    if window.local_usage.is_some() {
+    if window.local_usage.is_some()
+        || window.local_usage_attribution != QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide
+    {
        return None;
    }
    let reset_at = window.reset_at?;
@@ -112,15 +112,10 @@ impl ObservabilityService for DefaultObservabilityService {
        let today =
            dashboard_period_metrics(&observation.trend, today_start, observation.range.end);
        let yesterday = dashboard_period_metrics(&observation.trend, yesterday_start, today_start);
-        let total_billing_usd = observation
-            .attempts
-            .costs
-            .iter()
-            .find(|cost| cost.currency == "USD")
-            .map(|cost| cost.amount.clone());
+        let total_billing_usd = observation.totals.billing_usd.clone();
        let total_cached_token_rate = rate_or_zero(
-            observation.requests.cached_tokens,
-            observation.requests.input_tokens,
+            observation.totals.cached_tokens,
+            observation.totals.input_tokens,
        );
        let average_first_token_latency_ms = average(
            observation.requests.first_token_latency_sum_ms,
@@ -84,25 +84,29 @@ impl DefaultOpenAiService {
        }
    }

-    async fn observe_initial_quotas(&self, account_ids: &[ProviderAccountId], request_id: &str) {
-        for account_id in account_ids {
-            if let Err(error) = self
-                .provider
-                .quota(ProviderQuotaRequest {
-                    account_id: account_id.clone(),
-                    refresh: true,
-                    rolling_usage: None,
-                })
-                .await
-            {
-                tracing::warn!(
-                    request_id,
-                    account_id = %account_id.as_str(),
-                    quota_error = ?error.kind(),
-                    "OpenAI initial quota observation failed"
-                );
+    fn observe_initial_quotas(&self, account_ids: &[ProviderAccountId], request_id: &str) {
+        let provider = Arc::clone(&self.provider);
+        let account_ids = account_ids.to_vec();
+        let request_id = request_id.to_owned();
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            for account_id in account_ids {
+                if let Err(error) = provider
+                    .quota(ProviderQuotaRequest {
+                        account_id: account_id.clone(),
+                        refresh: true,
+                        rolling_usage: None,
+                    })
+                    .await
+                {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        request_id,
+                        account_id = %account_id.as_str(),
+                        quota_error = ?error.kind(),
+                        "OpenAI initial quota observation failed"
+                    );
+                }
            }
-        }
+        });
    }
 }

@@ -155,8 +159,7 @@ impl OpenAiService for DefaultOpenAiService {
            .await;
        publish_committed(self.snapshot.as_ref(), result.config_revision).await?;
        // 导入完成后立即做一次观察；失败不回滚已经提交的 credential。
-        self.observe_initial_quotas(&result.credential_ids, &context.request_id)
-            .await;
+        self.observe_initial_quotas(&result.credential_ids, &context.request_id);
        Ok(result)
    }

@@ -208,8 +211,7 @@ impl OpenAiService for DefaultOpenAiService {
        self.observe_initial_quotas(
            std::slice::from_ref(&result.account_id),
            &context.request_id,
-        )
-        .await;
+        );
        Ok(result)
    }

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use gateway_admin::{
        observability::{DecimalAmount, RequestOutcome, TimeRange},
        provider_credentials::{
            CredentialCommitGuard, ProviderDocument, ProviderQuota, ProviderQuotaWindow,
+            QuotaLocalUsageAttribution,
        },
        settings::AdminApiKey,
    },
@@ -145,6 +146,7 @@ fn quota_window(
        group: group.to_owned(),
        label: group.to_owned(),
        source: None,
+        local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide,
        window_seconds,
        used_percent,
        reset_at: None,
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ use gateway_admin::{
            PreparedAuthorizationCredential, PreparedCredentialCreate, PreparedCredentialImport,
            PreparedCredentialRotation, PreparedCredentialRotationFacts, ProviderDocument,
            ProviderExport, ProviderExportCredentialInput, ProviderModels, ProviderQuota,
-            ProviderQuotaRequest, ProviderQuotaWindow,
+            ProviderQuotaRequest, ProviderQuotaWindow, QuotaLocalUsageAttribution,
        },
        settings::{
            AdminApiKey, AdminApiKeyMutation, ReplaceRuntimeSettings, RotationStrategy,
@@ -1007,6 +1007,7 @@ async fn accounts_list_should_degrade_quota_failure_to_empty_window_without_drop
            group: "shortTerm".to_owned(),
            label: "5小时限额".to_owned(),
            source: None,
+            local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide,
            window_seconds: Some(5 * 60 * 60),
            used_percent: Some(97.0),
            reset_at: Some(Utc::now() + TimeDelta::hours(1)),
@@ -1131,6 +1132,7 @@ async fn accounts_list_should_map_rate_limited_from_quota_limit_reached() {
            group: "shortTerm".to_owned(),
            label: "5小时限额".to_owned(),
            source: None,
+            local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide,
            window_seconds: Some(5 * 60 * 60),
            used_percent: Some(100.0),
            reset_at: Some(Utc::now() + TimeDelta::hours(1)),
@@ -1176,6 +1178,7 @@ async fn accounts_list_should_map_quota_exhausted_when_only_limit_reached() {
            group: "shortTerm".to_owned(),
            label: "5小时限额".to_owned(),
            source: None,
+            local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide,
            window_seconds: Some(5 * 60 * 60),
            used_percent: Some(100.0),
            reset_at: Some(Utc::now() + TimeDelta::hours(1)),
@@ -1221,6 +1224,7 @@ async fn accounts_list_should_attach_local_usage_to_quota_windows() {
            group: "shortTerm".to_owned(),
            label: "5小时限额".to_owned(),
            source: None,
+            local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide,
            window_seconds: Some(5 * 60 * 60),
            used_percent: Some(97.0),
            reset_at: Some(reset_at),
@@ -1260,6 +1264,96 @@ async fn accounts_list_should_attach_local_usage_to_quota_windows() {
    assert_eq!(usage.total_tokens, Some(4_330_000));
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn accounts_list_should_not_attach_account_usage_to_model_specific_quota_windows() {
+    let provider = FakeProviderAdmin::new("openai", events());
+    let reset_at = Utc::now() + TimeDelta::days(7);
+    provider.set_quota(ProviderQuota {
+        observed_at: Some(Utc::now()),
+        refresh_token_expires_at: None,
+        windows: vec![
+            ProviderQuotaWindow {
+                key: "core-primary".to_owned(),
+                group: "weekly".to_owned(),
+                label: "周额度".to_owned(),
+                source: Some("codex".to_owned()),
+                local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide,
+                window_seconds: Some(7 * 24 * 60 * 60),
+                used_percent: Some(1.0),
+                reset_at: Some(reset_at),
+                limit_reached: false,
+                local_usage: None,
+                provider_data: None,
+            },
+            ProviderQuotaWindow {
+                key: "codex-bengalfox-primary".to_owned(),
+                group: "weekly".to_owned(),
+                label: "GPT-5.3-Codex-Spark · 周额度".to_owned(),
+                source: Some("codex_bengalfox".to_owned()),
+                local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::Unavailable,
+                window_seconds: Some(7 * 24 * 60 * 60),
+                used_percent: Some(0.0),
+                reset_at: Some(reset_at),
+                limit_reached: false,
+                local_usage: None,
+                provider_data: None,
+            },
+        ],
+        limit_reached: false,
+        rate_limited_until: None,
+        provider_data: None,
+    });
+    let store = FakeAccountStore::new("openai", events());
+    store.set_quota_window_usage(vec![
+        AccountUsageWindowResult {
+            account_id: "acct_test".to_owned(),
+            key: "core-primary".to_owned(),
+            usage: quota_local_usage("acct_test", 12_818_806),
+        },
+        AccountUsageWindowResult {
+            account_id: "acct_test".to_owned(),
+            key: "codex-bengalfox-primary".to_owned(),
+            usage: quota_local_usage("acct_test", 127_926),
+        },
+    ]);
+
+    let page = accounts_service(provider, store)
+        .await
+        .accounts()
+        .list(AccountListQuery {
+            page: 1,
+            page_size: gateway_admin::model::PageSize::new(20).expect("page size"),
+            provider_kind: None,
+            search: None,
+            status: None,
+            sort: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("quota window usage");
+
+    let local_tokens = page.items[0]
+        .quota
+        .windows
+        .iter()
+        .map(|window| {
+            (
+                window.key.as_str(),
+                window
+                    .local_usage
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .and_then(|usage| usage.total_tokens),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(
+        local_tokens,
+        [
+            ("core-primary", Some(12_818_806)),
+            ("codex-bengalfox-primary", None),
+        ],
+    );
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn accounts_refresh_provider_failure_should_not_call_store_commit() {
    let events = events();
@@ -1373,7 +1467,7 @@ pub(super) fn account_record(kind: &str) -> AccountRecord {
        provider_kind: ProviderKind::new(kind).expect("provider kind"),
        name: "test account".to_owned(),
        email: Some("test@example.invalid".to_owned()),
-        upstream_user_id: "upstream-user".to_owned(),
+        upstream_user_id: Some("upstream-user".to_owned()),
        upstream_account_id: None,
        plan_type: Some("test".to_owned()),
        authentication_kind: "oauth".to_owned(),
@@ -1410,7 +1504,7 @@ fn prepared_create_with_id(
        provider_kind,
        name: name.to_owned(),
        email: Some("prepared@example.invalid".to_owned()),
-        upstream_user_id: "prepared-user".to_owned(),
+        upstream_user_id: Some("prepared-user".to_owned()),
        upstream_account_id: None,
        plan_type: Some("test".to_owned()),
        authentication_kind: "oauth".to_owned(),
@@ -449,6 +449,7 @@ impl ObservabilityStore for FixtureObservabilityStore {
            range,
            requests: RequestMetrics::default(),
            attempts: AttemptMetrics::default(),
+            totals: Default::default(),
            provider_accounts: AccountPoolMetrics::default(),
            trend: self.trend.lock().expect("trend").clone(),
            account_usage: Vec::new(),
@@ -125,6 +125,8 @@ async fn openai_import_should_prepare_before_atomic_store_commit() {
        .await
        .expect("import credential");

+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
    assert_eq!(
        recorded(&events),
        [
@@ -162,6 +164,8 @@ async fn openai_import_should_refresh_quota_for_every_imported_account() {
        .await
        .expect("import credentials");

+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 2).await;
+
    assert_eq!(
        result.credential_ids,
        [
@@ -203,6 +207,8 @@ async fn openai_import_should_remain_successful_when_quota_refresh_fails() {
        .await
        .expect("committed import remains successful");

+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
    assert_eq!(
        result.credential_ids,
        [ProviderAccountId::new("acct_prepared").expect("account ID")]
@@ -236,6 +242,8 @@ async fn openai_authorization_create_should_observe_initial_quota() {
        .await
        .expect("complete authorization");

+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
    assert_eq!(
        recorded(&events),
        [
@@ -284,6 +292,8 @@ async fn openai_authorization_create_should_remain_successful_when_initial_quota
        .await
        .expect("quota observation must not fail authorization");

+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
    assert_eq!(result.account_id.as_str(), "acct_prepared");
    assert_eq!(provider.quota_requests().len(), 1);
 }
@@ -322,6 +332,8 @@ async fn openai_authorization_store_failure_should_release_claim_for_retry() {
        .await
        .expect("released claim must permit retry");

+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
    assert_eq!(
        recorded(&events),
        [
@@ -400,6 +412,8 @@ async fn openai_reauthorization_should_commit_after_credential_revision_advances
        .await
        .expect("complete reauthorization");

+    await_quota_requests(&provider, 1).await;
+
    assert_eq!(result.credential_revision, Some(revision(3)));

    assert_eq!(
@@ -426,6 +440,16 @@ async fn service(provider: Arc<FakeProviderAdmin>, store: Arc<FakeAccountStore>)
        .await
 }

+async fn await_quota_requests(provider: &FakeProviderAdmin, expected: usize) {
+    for _ in 0..100 {
+        if provider.quota_requests().len() == expected {
+            return;
+        }
+        tokio::task::yield_now().await;
+    }
+    assert_eq!(provider.quota_requests().len(), expected);
+}
+
 fn mutation(account_id: &str) -> CredentialMutation {
    CredentialMutation {
        context: context("request-openai"),
@@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ fn account_view(item: AccountDirectoryItem, now: DateTime<Utc>) -> AccountView {
        resource_ref: account.id,
        email: account.email,
        account_id: account.upstream_account_id,
-        user_id: Some(account.upstream_user_id),
+        user_id: account.upstream_user_id,
        label: None,
        plan_type: account.plan_type,
        authentication_kind: account.authentication_kind,
@@ -1438,6 +1438,7 @@ fn quota_window_view(window: ProviderQuotaWindow) -> AccountQuotaWindowView {
        group,
        label,
        source: _,
+        local_usage_attribution: _,
        window_seconds,
        used_percent,
        reset_at,
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ pub(crate) fn dashboard_view(
    } = result;
    let domain::DashboardObservation {
        range,
-        requests,
+        totals,
        provider_accounts,
        account_usage,
        recent_requests,
@@ -756,13 +756,13 @@ pub(crate) fn dashboard_view(
                today_requests: format_compact_number(today.request_count),
                today_requests_value: today.request_count,
                yesterday_requests_value: yesterday.request_count,
-                total_requests: format_compact_number(requests.request_count),
+                total_requests: format_compact_number(totals.request_count),
            },
            tokens: DashboardTokensCardView {
                today_tokens: format_compact_number(today.total_tokens),
                today_tokens_value: today.total_tokens,
                yesterday_tokens_value: yesterday.total_tokens,
-                total_tokens: format_compact_number(requests.total_tokens),
+                total_tokens: format_compact_number(totals.total_tokens),
                total_billing_amount_usd: total_billing_usd
                    .as_ref()
                    .map_or_else(|| "—".to_owned(), |amount| format!("${}", amount.as_str())),
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ pub(crate) fn dashboard_view(
                today_hit_rate_value: today.observed_cached_token_rate,
                yesterday_hit_rate_value: yesterday.observed_cached_token_rate,
                total_hit_rate: display_rate(total_cached_token_rate),
-                total_cached_tokens: format_compact_number(requests.cached_tokens),
+                total_cached_tokens: format_compact_number(totals.cached_tokens),
                average_first_token_latency_ms: display_duration(average_first_token_latency_ms),
            },
        },
@@ -310,16 +310,6 @@ pub(crate) fn usage_range(
    domain::TimeRange::new(start, end).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("timeRange"))
 }

-pub(crate) fn dashboard_range(
-    start: Option<&str>,
-    end: Option<&str>,
-) -> Result<domain::TimeRange, WireValidationError> {
-    let end = parse_datetime(end)?.unwrap_or_else(Utc::now);
-    let start =
-        parse_datetime(start)?.unwrap_or_else(|| domain::china_day_start(end) - Duration::days(1));
-    domain::TimeRange::new(start, end).map_err(|_| WireValidationError::new("timeRange"))
-}
-
 pub(crate) fn dashboard_today_range(
    start: Option<&str>,
    end: Option<&str>,
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ where
    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
 {
    let kind = query.trend_kind().map_err(map_wire_error)?;
-    let range = dashboard_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())
+    // 概览默认按中国时区当日统计，与单独趋势接口保持同一口径。
+    let range = dashboard_today_range(query.start_time.as_deref(), query.end_time.as_deref())
        .map_err(map_wire_error)?;
    let result = state
        .admin_services()
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ pub(super) struct AdminTestFixture {
    pub diagnostics: Arc<Mutex<Vec<DiagnosticObservation>>>,
    pub ops_errors: Arc<Mutex<Vec<OpsError>>>,
    pub dashboard_observation: Arc<Mutex<Option<DashboardObservation>>>,
+    pub dashboard_summary_range: Arc<Mutex<Option<TimeRange>>>,
 }

 impl AdminTestFixture {
@@ -100,12 +101,14 @@ impl AdminTestFixture {
        let diagnostics = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
        let ops_errors = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
        let dashboard_observation = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
+        let dashboard_summary_range = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
        let unused = Arc::new(UnusedStore {
            usage_records: Arc::clone(&usage_records),
            usage_detail: Arc::clone(&usage_detail),
            diagnostics: Arc::clone(&diagnostics),
            ops_errors: Arc::clone(&ops_errors),
            dashboard_observation: Arc::clone(&dashboard_observation),
+            dashboard_summary_range: Arc::clone(&dashboard_summary_range),
        });
        let stores = AdminStorePorts::new(
            unused.clone(),
@@ -142,6 +145,7 @@ impl AdminTestFixture {
            diagnostics,
            ops_errors,
            dashboard_observation,
+            dashboard_summary_range,
        }
    }

@@ -413,6 +417,7 @@ struct UnusedStore {
    diagnostics: Arc<Mutex<Vec<DiagnosticObservation>>>,
    ops_errors: Arc<Mutex<Vec<OpsError>>>,
    dashboard_observation: Arc<Mutex<Option<DashboardObservation>>>,
+    dashboard_summary_range: Arc<Mutex<Option<TimeRange>>>,
 }

 #[async_trait]
@@ -523,7 +528,11 @@ impl AccountStore for UnusedStore {

 #[async_trait]
 impl ObservabilityStore for UnusedStore {
-    async fn dashboard_summary(&self, _: TimeRange) -> AdminStoreResult<DashboardObservation> {
+    async fn dashboard_summary(&self, range: TimeRange) -> AdminStoreResult<DashboardObservation> {
+        *self
+            .dashboard_summary_range
+            .lock()
+            .expect("dashboard summary range") = Some(range);
        self.dashboard_observation
            .lock()
            .expect("dashboard observation")
@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@ async fn dashboard_summary_should_include_quota_exhaustion_in_unavailable_headli
        range: TimeRange::new(now - Duration::hours(1), now).expect("dashboard range"),
        requests: RequestMetrics::default(),
        attempts: AttemptMetrics::default(),
+        totals: Default::default(),
        provider_accounts: AccountPoolMetrics {
            total: 807,
            enabled: 804,
@@ -270,6 +271,143 @@ async fn dashboard_summary_should_include_quota_exhaustion_in_unavailable_headli
    );
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn dashboard_summary_should_use_lifetime_totals_for_card_footers() {
+    use axum::{
+        body::{Body, to_bytes},
+        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
+    };
+    use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+    use gateway_admin::model::observability::{
+        AccountPoolMetrics, AttemptMetrics, DashboardObservation, DashboardTotals, RequestMetrics,
+        TimeRange,
+    };
+    use gateway_api::admin::observability;
+    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+    use crate::admin::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState};
+
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    let range_requests = RequestMetrics {
+        request_count: 2,
+        input_tokens: 8,
+        cached_tokens: 2,
+        total_tokens: 12,
+        ..RequestMetrics::default()
+    };
+    *fixture
+        .dashboard_observation
+        .lock()
+        .expect("dashboard observation") = Some(DashboardObservation {
+        range: TimeRange::new(now - Duration::hours(1), now).expect("dashboard range"),
+        requests: range_requests,
+        attempts: AttemptMetrics::default(),
+        totals: DashboardTotals {
+            request_count: 42,
+            input_tokens: 800,
+            cached_tokens: 200,
+            total_tokens: 840,
+            billing_usd: None,
+        },
+        provider_accounts: AccountPoolMetrics::default(),
+        trend: Vec::new(),
+        account_usage: Vec::new(),
+        recent_requests: Vec::new(),
+    });
+
+    let response = observability::router::<AdminTestState>()
+        .with_state(fixture.state())
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/api/admin/dashboard/summary")
+                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+                .header("x-request-id", "req_dashboard_lifetime_totals")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("dashboard request"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard response");
+    let status = response.status();
+    let body = to_bytes(response.into_body(), 1024 * 1024)
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard response body");
+    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("dashboard response JSON");
+    assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::OK, "{value}");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        (
+            &value["data"]["cards"]["traffic"]["totalRequests"],
+            &value["data"]["cards"]["tokens"]["totalTokens"],
+            &value["data"]["cards"]["cache"]["totalHitRate"],
+            &value["data"]["cards"]["cache"]["totalCachedTokens"],
+        ),
+        (
+            &serde_json::json!("42"),
+            &serde_json::json!("840"),
+            &serde_json::json!("25.0%"),
+            &serde_json::json!("200"),
+        ),
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn dashboard_summary_should_default_to_current_china_day() {
+    use axum::{
+        body::Body,
+        http::{Request, StatusCode, header},
+    };
+    use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+    use gateway_admin::model::observability::{
+        AccountPoolMetrics, AttemptMetrics, DashboardObservation, RequestMetrics, TimeRange,
+        china_day_start,
+    };
+    use gateway_api::admin::observability;
+    use tower::ServiceExt as _;
+
+    use crate::admin::{AdminTestFixture, AdminTestState};
+
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    *fixture
+        .dashboard_observation
+        .lock()
+        .expect("dashboard observation") = Some(DashboardObservation {
+        range: TimeRange::new(now - Duration::hours(1), now).expect("dashboard range"),
+        requests: RequestMetrics::default(),
+        attempts: AttemptMetrics::default(),
+        totals: Default::default(),
+        provider_accounts: AccountPoolMetrics::default(),
+        trend: Vec::new(),
+        account_usage: Vec::new(),
+        recent_requests: Vec::new(),
+    });
+
+    let response = observability::router::<AdminTestState>()
+        .with_state(fixture.state())
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/api/admin/dashboard/summary")
+                .header(header::COOKIE, "cpr_admin_session=valid-session")
+                .header("x-request-id", "req_dashboard_today_range")
+                .body(Body::empty())
+                .expect("dashboard request"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard response");
+    let range = fixture
+        .dashboard_summary_range
+        .lock()
+        .expect("dashboard summary range")
+        .take()
+        .expect("recorded dashboard summary range");
+
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    assert_eq!(range.start, china_day_start(range.end));
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn usage_detail_should_keep_attempt_snapshot_contract() {
    use axum::{
@@ -215,6 +215,20 @@ impl AccountAvailability {
        }
    }

+    /// 返回账号进入不可恢复错误态、但 Provider 未给出更具体上游原因时的稳定兜底。
+    ///
+    /// Provider 应优先持久化已脱敏的上游 message 或原因码；该值只避免错误态沿用
+    /// 上一次无关的错误信息。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn fallback_error_reason(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Expired => Some("credential_expired"),
+            Self::Banned => Some("account_banned"),
+            Self::Invalid => Some("credential_invalid"),
+            Self::Unknown | Self::Ready | Self::QuotaExhausted => None,
+        }
+    }
+
    /// 解析数据库稳定值。
    #[must_use]
    pub fn parse(value: &str) -> Option<Self> {
@@ -237,7 +251,7 @@ pub struct ProviderAccount {
    provider: ProviderKind,
    name: String,
    email: Option<String>,
-    upstream_user_id: String,
+    upstream_user_id: Option<String>,
    upstream_account_id: Option<String>,
    plan_type: Option<String>,
    authentication_kind: String,
@@ -256,7 +270,7 @@ impl ProviderAccount {
        id: ProviderAccountId,
        provider: ProviderKind,
        name: String,
-        upstream_user_id: String,
+        upstream_user_id: Option<String>,
        authentication_kind: String,
        revision: CredentialRevision,
        access_token_expires_at: Option<SystemTime>,
@@ -299,10 +313,18 @@ impl ProviderAccount {
        availability: AccountAvailability,
    ) -> Self {
        self.enabled = enabled;
-        self.availability = availability;
+        self.availability = if self.upstream_user_id.is_some() {
+            availability
+        } else {
+            AccountAvailability::Unknown
+        };
        self
    }

+    /// 设置 RT 存在性与失败后的最早重试时刻。
+    ///
+    /// 正常 OAuth 预刷新由 worker 使用 AT 原始过期时间与当前运行时策略动态判断，
+    /// 不应把提前量物化到 `next_refresh_at`。
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn with_refresh_schedule(
        mut self,
@@ -340,8 +362,8 @@ impl ProviderAccount {
    }

    #[must_use]
-    pub fn upstream_user_id(&self) -> &str {
-        &self.upstream_user_id
+    pub fn upstream_user_id(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.upstream_user_id.as_deref()
    }

    #[must_use]
@@ -374,6 +396,7 @@ impl ProviderAccount {
        self.access_token_expires_at
    }

+    /// 返回瞬态 OAuth 刷新失败后的最早重试时刻；正常账号为 `None`。
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn next_refresh_at(&self) -> Option<SystemTime> {
        self.next_refresh_at
@@ -395,7 +418,8 @@ impl ProviderAccount {
            | AccountAvailability::Banned
            | AccountAvailability::Invalid => false,
        };
-        self.enabled
+        self.upstream_user_id.is_some()
+            && self.enabled
            && available
            && self
                .access_token_expires_at
@@ -674,22 +674,20 @@ impl ProviderRefreshPolicy {
        self.concurrency
    }

-    /// 按配置的精确提前量计算刷新时刻。
-    pub fn next_attempt_at(
+    /// 判断 AT 是否已经进入当前配置的提前刷新窗口。
+    ///
+    /// `margin` 是运行时策略，不投影为账号的持久化时间字段；已过期 AT 也需要
+    /// 尝试用 RT 恢复，因此视为到期。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn is_refresh_due(
        self,
-        _account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
        access_token_expires_at: SystemTime,
        observed_at: SystemTime,
-    ) -> Result<SystemTime, ProviderStoreError> {
-        let remaining = access_token_expires_at
-            .duration_since(observed_at)
-            .map_err(|_| invalid_refresh_policy("schedule expired access token"))?;
-        if self.margin >= remaining {
-            return Ok(observed_at);
+    ) -> bool {
+        match access_token_expires_at.duration_since(observed_at) {
+            Ok(remaining) => remaining <= self.margin,
+            Err(_) => true,
        }
-        access_token_expires_at
-            .checked_sub(self.margin)
-            .ok_or_else(|| invalid_refresh_policy("schedule access token refresh"))
    }
 }

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ fn account(id: &str) -> ProviderAccount {
        ProviderAccountId::new(id).expect("valid account"),
        ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("valid provider"),
        id.to_owned(),
-        format!("user-{id}"),
+        Some(format!("user-{id}")),
        "oauth".to_owned(),
        CredentialRevision::new(1).expect("valid revision"),
        Some(SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(3600)),
@@ -160,6 +160,28 @@ fn disabled_account_should_not_be_schedulable() {
    assert!(!account.is_schedulable(SystemTime::now()));
 }

+#[test]
+fn account_without_upstream_identity_should_stay_unknown_and_not_schedulable() {
+    let account = ProviderAccount::new(
+        ProviderAccountId::new("acct_pending_identity").expect("valid account"),
+        ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("valid provider"),
+        "pending identity".to_owned(),
+        None,
+        "oauth".to_owned(),
+        CredentialRevision::new(1).expect("valid revision"),
+        Some(SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(3600)),
+    )
+    .with_runtime_state(true, AccountAvailability::Ready);
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        (
+            account.availability(),
+            account.is_schedulable(SystemTime::now())
+        ),
+        (AccountAvailability::Unknown, false)
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn smart_selector_should_prefer_lower_inflight_count() {
    let candidates = vec![
@@ -57,8 +57,7 @@ fn refresh_policy_requires_a_positive_margin() {
 }

 #[test]
-fn refresh_schedule_should_use_the_exact_configured_margin() {
-    let account = ProviderAccountId::new("acct_stable").expect("valid account");
+fn refresh_policy_should_mark_tokens_due_at_the_exact_configured_margin() {
    let policy = ProviderRefreshPolicy::try_new(
        Duration::from_secs(3_600),
        NonZeroU32::new(2).expect("positive concurrency"),
@@ -67,15 +66,12 @@ fn refresh_schedule_should_use_the_exact_configured_margin() {
    let observed_at = SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(10_000);
    let expires_at = observed_at + Duration::from_secs(7_200);

-    let first = policy
-        .next_attempt_at(&account, expires_at, observed_at)
-        .expect("schedule refresh");
-    assert_eq!(first, expires_at - Duration::from_secs(3_600));
+    assert!(!policy.is_refresh_due(expires_at, observed_at));
+    assert!(policy.is_refresh_due(observed_at + Duration::from_secs(3_600), observed_at));
 }

 #[test]
-fn refresh_schedule_uses_observed_time_when_token_is_inside_safe_window() {
-    let account = ProviderAccountId::new("acct_boundary").expect("valid account");
+fn refresh_policy_should_mark_expired_tokens_due() {
    let policy = ProviderRefreshPolicy::try_new(
        Duration::from_secs(3_600),
        NonZeroU32::new(1).expect("positive concurrency"),
@@ -83,12 +79,7 @@ fn refresh_schedule_uses_observed_time_when_token_is_inside_safe_window() {
    .expect("valid policy");
    let observed_at = SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(10_000);

-    assert_eq!(
-        policy
-            .next_attempt_at(&account, observed_at + Duration::from_secs(1), observed_at,)
-            .expect("schedule immediate refresh"),
-        observed_at
-    );
+    assert!(policy.is_refresh_due(observed_at - Duration::from_secs(1), observed_at));
 }

 #[test]
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ use tracing_subscriber::{Layer as _, layer::SubscriberExt as _, util::Subscriber
 use crate::config::LoggingConfig;

 const LOG_FILE_PREFIX: &str = "codex-proxy-rs";
+const OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_FILE_PREFIX: &str = "codex-proxy-rs-oath";
+/// OAuth 恢复记录含原始 AT/RT，文件日志开启时必须落到独立文件。
+const OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_TARGET: &str = "oauth_recovery";

 /// non-blocking 日志 writer 的进程级守卫。
 pub struct LogGuard {
@@ -34,7 +37,8 @@ pub enum LogError {
 /// 按自然日、单文件大小、保留天数和文件总数初始化结构化日志。
 pub fn initialize_logging(config: &LoggingConfig) -> Result<LogGuard, LogError> {
    let directive = env::var("RUST_LOG").unwrap_or_else(|_| config.level.clone());
-    let file_filter = EnvFilter::try_new(&directive).map_err(|_| LogError::InvalidFilter)?;
+    let file_filter = application_file_filter(&directive)?;
+    let recovery_file_filter = oauth_recovery_file_filter();
    let stdout_filter =
        EnvFilter::try_new(stdout_filter_directive(&directive, config.file.enabled))
            .map_err(|_| LogError::InvalidFilter)?;
@@ -47,25 +51,37 @@ pub fn initialize_logging(config: &LoggingConfig) -> Result<LogGuard, LogError>
        guards.push(guard);
        writer
    });
-    let file_writer = if config.file.enabled {
+    let (file_writer, recovery_file_writer) = if config.file.enabled {
        let maximum_bytes = config
            .file
            .max_file_size_mb
            .checked_mul(1024 * 1024)
            .ok_or(LogError::SizeOverflow)?;
-        let writer = RotatingLogWriter::open(
+        let file_writer = RotatingLogWriter::open(
            config.file.directory.clone(),
+            LOG_FILE_PREFIX,
            maximum_bytes,
            config.file.retention_days,
            config.file.max_files,
        )?;
-        let (writer, guard) = NonBlockingBuilder::default()
+        let recovery_file_writer = RotatingLogWriter::open(
+            config.file.directory.clone(),
+            OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_FILE_PREFIX,
+            maximum_bytes,
+            config.file.retention_days,
+            config.file.max_files,
+        )?;
+        let (file_writer, file_guard) = NonBlockingBuilder::default()
            .thread_name("gateway-log-file")
-            .finish(writer);
-        guards.push(guard);
-        Some(writer)
+            .finish(file_writer);
+        let (recovery_file_writer, recovery_file_guard) = NonBlockingBuilder::default()
+            .thread_name("gateway-log-oauth-recovery-file")
+            .finish(recovery_file_writer);
+        guards.push(file_guard);
+        guards.push(recovery_file_guard);
+        (Some(file_writer), Some(recovery_file_writer))
    } else {
-        None
+        (None, None)
    };

    let stdout_layer = stdout_writer.map(|writer| {
@@ -89,14 +105,43 @@ pub fn initialize_logging(config: &LoggingConfig) -> Result<LogGuard, LogError>
            .with_span_list(true)
            .with_filter(file_filter)
    });
+    let recovery_file_layer = recovery_file_writer.map(|writer| {
+        tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer()
+            .json()
+            .with_writer(writer)
+            .with_target(true)
+            .with_file(true)
+            .with_line_number(true)
+            .with_thread_ids(true)
+            .with_thread_names(true)
+            .with_current_span(true)
+            .with_span_list(true)
+            .with_filter(recovery_file_filter)
+    });
    tracing_subscriber::registry()
        .with(stdout_layer)
        .with(file_layer)
+        .with(recovery_file_layer)
        .try_init()
        .map_err(|_| LogError::AlreadyInitialized)?;
    Ok(LogGuard { _writers: guards })
 }

+fn application_file_filter(directive: &str) -> Result<EnvFilter, LogError> {
+    let recovery_directive = format!("{OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_TARGET}=off")
+        .parse()
+        .expect("static OAuth recovery log directive is valid");
+    EnvFilter::try_new(directive)
+        .map(|filter| filter.add_directive(recovery_directive))
+        .map_err(|_| LogError::InvalidFilter)
+}
+
+fn oauth_recovery_file_filter() -> EnvFilter {
+    format!("off,{OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_TARGET}=info")
+        .parse()
+        .expect("static OAuth recovery log filter is valid")
+}
+
 fn stdout_filter_directive(directive: &str, persistent_log_enabled: bool) -> String {
    if !persistent_log_enabled {
        directive.to_owned()
@@ -107,6 +152,7 @@ fn stdout_filter_directive(directive: &str, persistent_log_enabled: bool) -> Str

 struct RotatingLogWriter {
    directory: PathBuf,
+    file_prefix: &'static str,
    maximum_bytes: u64,
    retention_days: usize,
    maximum_files: usize,
@@ -119,17 +165,20 @@ struct RotatingLogWriter {
 impl RotatingLogWriter {
    fn open(
        directory: PathBuf,
+        file_prefix: &'static str,
        maximum_bytes: u64,
        retention_days: usize,
        maximum_files: usize,
    ) -> io::Result<Self> {
        fs::create_dir_all(&directory)?;
        let date = Utc::now().date_naive();
-        cleanup_log_files(&directory, date, retention_days, maximum_files)?;
-        let (segment, bytes_written) = writable_log_segment(&directory, date, maximum_bytes)?;
-        let file = open_log_segment(&directory, date, segment)?;
+        cleanup_log_files(&directory, file_prefix, date, retention_days, maximum_files)?;
+        let (segment, bytes_written) =
+            writable_log_segment(&directory, file_prefix, date, maximum_bytes)?;
+        let file = open_log_segment(&directory, file_prefix, date, segment)?;
        Ok(Self {
            directory,
+            file_prefix,
            maximum_bytes,
            retention_days,
            maximum_files,
@@ -157,10 +206,11 @@ impl RotatingLogWriter {
        } else {
            self.segment = self.segment.saturating_add(1);
        }
-        self.file = open_log_segment(&self.directory, self.date, self.segment)?;
+        self.file = open_log_segment(&self.directory, self.file_prefix, self.date, self.segment)?;
        self.bytes_written = self.file.metadata()?.len();
        cleanup_log_files(
            &self.directory,
+            self.file_prefix,
            self.date,
            self.retention_days,
            self.maximum_files,
@@ -192,10 +242,11 @@ struct ManagedLogFile {

 fn writable_log_segment(
    directory: &Path,
+    file_prefix: &str,
    date: chrono::NaiveDate,
    maximum_bytes: u64,
 ) -> io::Result<(usize, u64)> {
-    let latest = managed_log_files(directory)?
+    let latest = managed_log_files(directory, file_prefix)?
        .into_iter()
        .filter(|entry| entry.date == date)
        .max_by_key(|entry| entry.segment);
@@ -210,26 +261,31 @@ fn writable_log_segment(
    }
 }

-fn open_log_segment(directory: &Path, date: chrono::NaiveDate, segment: usize) -> io::Result<File> {
+fn open_log_segment(
+    directory: &Path,
+    file_prefix: &str,
+    date: chrono::NaiveDate,
+    segment: usize,
+) -> io::Result<File> {
    OpenOptions::new()
        .create(true)
        .append(true)
-        .open(directory.join(log_file_name(date, segment)))
+        .open(directory.join(log_file_name(file_prefix, date, segment)))
 }

-fn log_file_name(date: chrono::NaiveDate, segment: usize) -> String {
+fn log_file_name(file_prefix: &str, date: chrono::NaiveDate, segment: usize) -> String {
    if segment == 0 {
-        format!("{LOG_FILE_PREFIX}.{date}.log")
+        format!("{file_prefix}.{date}.log")
    } else {
-        format!("{LOG_FILE_PREFIX}.{date}.{segment}.log")
+        format!("{file_prefix}.{date}.{segment}.log")
    }
 }

-fn managed_log_files(directory: &Path) -> io::Result<Vec<ManagedLogFile>> {
+fn managed_log_files(directory: &Path, file_prefix: &str) -> io::Result<Vec<ManagedLogFile>> {
    Ok(fs::read_dir(directory)?
        .filter_map(Result::ok)
        .filter_map(|entry| {
-            parse_log_file_name(entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().as_ref()).map(
+            parse_log_file_name(entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().as_ref(), file_prefix).map(
                |(date, segment)| ManagedLogFile {
                    date,
                    segment,
@@ -240,9 +296,9 @@ fn managed_log_files(directory: &Path) -> io::Result<Vec<ManagedLogFile>> {
        .collect())
 }

-fn parse_log_file_name(name: &str) -> Option<(chrono::NaiveDate, usize)> {
+fn parse_log_file_name(name: &str, file_prefix: &str) -> Option<(chrono::NaiveDate, usize)> {
    let body = name
-        .strip_prefix(&format!("{LOG_FILE_PREFIX}."))?
+        .strip_prefix(&format!("{file_prefix}."))?
        .strip_suffix(".log")?;
    let (date, segment) = body.split_once('.').map_or((body, 0), |(date, segment)| {
        (date, segment.parse().ok().unwrap_or(usize::MAX))
@@ -257,6 +313,7 @@ fn parse_log_file_name(name: &str) -> Option<(chrono::NaiveDate, usize)> {

 fn cleanup_log_files(
    directory: &Path,
+    file_prefix: &str,
    today: chrono::NaiveDate,
    retention_days: usize,
    maximum_files: usize,
@@ -266,7 +323,7 @@ fn cleanup_log_files(
        .checked_sub_signed(chrono::Duration::days(retention_offset))
        .unwrap_or(chrono::NaiveDate::MIN);
    let mut retained = Vec::new();
-    for entry in managed_log_files(directory)? {
+    for entry in managed_log_files(directory, file_prefix)? {
        if entry.date < cutoff {
            fs::remove_file(entry.path)?;
        } else {
@@ -1,8 +1,21 @@
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::env;
+use std::fs;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process::Command;

 use gateway_host::config::{FileLoggingConfig, HostConfig, ListenConfig, LoggingConfig};
 use gateway_host::system_update::SystemUpdateConfig;

+const LOG_DIRECTORY_ENV: &str = "CPR_LOGGING_TEST_DIRECTORY";
+const CHILD_PROCESS_ENV: &str = "CPR_LOGGING_TEST_CHILD";
+const APPLICATION_LOG_FILE_PREFIX: &str = "codex-proxy-rs.";
+const OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_FILE_PREFIX: &str = "codex-proxy-rs-oath.";
+const APPLICATION_LOG_TARGET: &str = "logging_test_application";
+const APPLICATION_LOG_MARKER: &str = "application-file-filter-test";
+const OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_TARGET: &str = "oauth_recovery";
+const OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_MARKER: &str = "oauth-recovery-file-filter-test";
+const OAUTH_RECOVERY_PROVIDER: &str = "openai";
+
 #[test]
 fn logging_requires_at_least_one_sink() {
    let mut config = HostConfig {
@@ -32,3 +45,115 @@ fn logging_requires_at_least_one_sink() {
            .is_err()
    );
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn oauth_recovery_file_logging_is_separate_and_overrides_global_log_level() {
+    if env::var_os(CHILD_PROCESS_ENV).is_some() {
+        write_oauth_recovery_log(PathBuf::from(
+            env::var_os(LOG_DIRECTORY_ENV).expect("child log directory"),
+        ));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let directory = tempfile::tempdir().expect("create log directory");
+    let output = Command::new(env::current_exe().expect("current test executable"))
+        .args([
+            "--exact",
+            "logging::oauth_recovery_file_logging_is_separate_and_overrides_global_log_level",
+            "--nocapture",
+        ])
+        .env(CHILD_PROCESS_ENV, "1")
+        .env(LOG_DIRECTORY_ENV, directory.path())
+        .env(
+            "RUST_LOG",
+            "off,logging_test_application=info,oauth_recovery=off",
+        )
+        .output()
+        .expect("run logging child process");
+
+    assert!(
+        output.status.success(),
+        "logging child process failed:\nstdout:\n{}\nstderr:\n{}",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout),
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr),
+    );
+
+    let application_log = read_log_file_set(directory.path(), APPLICATION_LOG_FILE_PREFIX);
+    assert!(application_log.contains(&json_target_field(APPLICATION_LOG_TARGET)));
+    assert!(application_log.contains(APPLICATION_LOG_MARKER));
+    assert!(!application_log.contains(&json_target_field(OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_TARGET)));
+    assert!(!application_log.contains(OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_MARKER));
+
+    let recovery_log = read_log_file_set(directory.path(), OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_FILE_PREFIX);
+    assert!(recovery_log.contains(&json_target_field(OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_TARGET)));
+    assert!(recovery_log.contains(OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_MARKER));
+    assert!(!recovery_log.contains(&json_target_field(APPLICATION_LOG_TARGET)));
+    assert!(!recovery_log.contains(APPLICATION_LOG_MARKER));
+    assert!(recovery_log.contains(&format!(r#""provider":"{OAUTH_RECOVERY_PROVIDER}""#)));
+}
+
+fn write_oauth_recovery_log(directory: PathBuf) {
+    let config = HostConfig {
+        listen: ListenConfig {
+            host: "127.0.0.1".to_owned(),
+            port: 8080,
+        },
+        logging: LoggingConfig {
+            level: "off".to_owned(),
+            stdout: false,
+            file: FileLoggingConfig {
+                enabled: true,
+                directory,
+                retention_days: 1,
+                max_file_size_mb: 1,
+                max_files: 1,
+            },
+        },
+        system_update: SystemUpdateConfig::default(),
+        drain_timeout_seconds: 30,
+        worker_shutdown_timeout_seconds: 30,
+    };
+    let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
+        .enable_all()
+        .build()
+        .expect("create logging runtime");
+    let bundle = runtime
+        .block_on(gateway_host::initialize(config))
+        .expect("initialize logging");
+
+    tracing::info!(
+        target: APPLICATION_LOG_TARGET,
+        marker = APPLICATION_LOG_MARKER,
+        "application file test record"
+    );
+    tracing::info!(
+        target: OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_TARGET,
+        provider = OAUTH_RECOVERY_PROVIDER,
+        marker = OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_MARKER,
+        "OAuth recovery test record"
+    );
+    drop(bundle);
+}
+
+fn read_log_file_set(directory: &Path, file_prefix: &str) -> String {
+    let mut files = fs::read_dir(directory)
+        .expect("read log directory")
+        .map(|entry| entry.expect("read log entry").path())
+        .filter(|path| {
+            path.file_name()
+                .and_then(|name| name.to_str())
+                .is_some_and(|name| name.starts_with(file_prefix))
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    files.sort();
+
+    assert!(!files.is_empty(), "expected log file set {file_prefix}");
+    files
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|path| fs::read_to_string(path).expect("read log file"))
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn json_target_field(target: &str) -> String {
+    format!(r#""target":"{target}""#)
+}
@@ -315,6 +315,26 @@ pub fn is_rate_limit_header_name(name: &str) -> bool {
        || rate_limit_id_from_header_name(&normalized).is_some()
 }

+/// 判断响应头是否为仅供代理本地观测的 Codex 额度信号。
+///
+/// 这类头会让下游官方 Codex 客户端显示账户额度提示，因此不能穿过账号隔离边界。
+/// 通用限流头（例如 `retry-after`）和非额度的 Codex 头仍允许下发。
+pub fn is_codex_quota_header_name(name: &str) -> bool {
+    let normalized = name.trim().to_ascii_lowercase();
+    matches!(
+        normalized.as_str(),
+        "x-codex-credits-has-credits"
+            | "x-codex-credits-unlimited"
+            | "x-codex-credits-balance"
+            | "x-codex-active-limit"
+            | "x-codex-plan-type"
+            | "x-codex-promo-message"
+            | "x-codex-rate-limit-reached-type"
+            | "x-codex-primary-over-secondary-limit-percent"
+    ) || rate_limit_id_from_header_name(&normalized)
+        .is_some_and(|limit_id| limit_id == "codex" || limit_id.starts_with("codex_"))
+}
+
 /// 从内部 `codex.rate_limits` 事件中解析限流信息。
 pub fn parse_rate_limits_event(value: &Value) -> Option<ParsedRateLimits> {
    if value.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str) != Some("codex.rate_limits") {
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use gateway_protocol::openai::events::{
-    RateLimitWindow, TokenUsage, extract_sse_usage, extract_usage, is_rate_limit_header_name,
-    parse_rate_limit_headers, parse_rate_limits_event, rate_limits_to_header_pairs,
-    retry_after_seconds_from_body,
+    RateLimitWindow, TokenUsage, extract_sse_usage, extract_usage, is_codex_quota_header_name,
+    is_rate_limit_header_name, parse_rate_limit_headers, parse_rate_limits_event,
+    rate_limits_to_header_pairs, retry_after_seconds_from_body,
 };
 use serde_json::json;

@@ -537,3 +537,21 @@ fn rate_limit_header_filter_should_accept_only_supported_domain_headers() {
        [true, true, true, false, false]
    );
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn codex_quota_header_filter_should_only_match_client_quota_signals() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        [
+            "X-CoDeX-Primary-Used-Percent",
+            "x-codex-code-review-primary-reset-at",
+            "x-codex-credits-balance",
+            "x-codex-primary-over-secondary-limit-percent",
+            "retry-after",
+            "x-ratelimit-remaining",
+            "x-codex-safety-buffering-enabled",
+            "x-codex-turn-state",
+        ]
+        .map(is_codex_quota_header_name),
+        [true, true, true, true, false, false, false, false]
+    );
+}
@@ -139,11 +139,11 @@ impl ObservabilityRepository for PgObservabilityRepository {
            page: ObservabilityPageNumber::new(1)?,
            page_size: ObservabilityPageSize::new(10)?,
        };
-        // 分两批并发：页面延迟从六路之和降为两批各自最慢者之和，同时单次
-        // 渲染最多占用 3 个池连接，不与数据面写路径争抢整个连接池。
-        let (requests, attempts) = futures::try_join!(
+        // 每批最多三路并发，既缩短概览渲染路径，也不与数据面写路径争抢整个连接池。
+        let (requests, attempts, totals) = futures::try_join!(
            request_metrics(&self.pool, range, &filter),
            attempt_metrics(&self.pool, range, &filter),
+            dashboard_totals(&self.pool),
        )?;
        let provider_accounts = self
            .provider_account_metrics_with_cooldowns(range.end)
@@ -157,6 +157,7 @@ impl ObservabilityRepository for PgObservabilityRepository {
            range,
            requests,
            attempts,
+            totals,
            provider_accounts,
            trend,
            account_usage,
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ pub(crate) fn admin_dashboard_observation(
        range,
        requests,
        attempts,
+        totals,
        provider_accounts,
        trend,
        account_usage,
@@ -112,6 +113,7 @@ pub(crate) fn admin_dashboard_observation(
        range: admin_range(range),
        requests: admin_request_metrics(requests)?,
        attempts: admin_attempt_metrics(attempts)?,
+        totals: admin_dashboard_totals(totals)?,
        provider_accounts: admin_account_pool_metrics(provider_accounts),
        trend: trend
            .into_iter()
@@ -128,6 +130,18 @@ pub(crate) fn admin_dashboard_observation(
    })
 }

+pub(crate) fn admin_dashboard_totals(
+    totals: DashboardTotals,
+) -> AdminStoreResult<admin_observability::DashboardTotals> {
+    Ok(admin_observability::DashboardTotals {
+        request_count: totals.request_count,
+        input_tokens: totals.input_tokens,
+        cached_tokens: totals.cached_tokens,
+        total_tokens: totals.total_tokens,
+        billing_usd: admin_optional_decimal_amount(totals.billing_usd)?,
+    })
+}
+
 pub(crate) const fn admin_range(range: ObservabilityRange) -> admin_observability::TimeRange {
    admin_observability::TimeRange {
        start: range.start,
@@ -477,11 +477,21 @@ impl ProviderAccountUsageQuery {
    }
 }

+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct DashboardTotals {
+    pub request_count: u64,
+    pub input_tokens: u64,
+    pub cached_tokens: u64,
+    pub total_tokens: u64,
+    pub billing_usd: Option<DecimalAmount>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct DashboardObservation {
    pub range: ObservabilityRange,
    pub requests: RequestMetrics,
    pub attempts: AttemptMetrics,
+    pub totals: DashboardTotals,
    pub provider_accounts: ProviderAccountMetrics,
    pub trend: Vec<RequestMetricPoint>,
    pub account_usage: Vec<ProviderAccountUsageObservation>,
@@ -65,6 +65,33 @@ pub(crate) async fn request_metrics(
    request_metrics_from_row(&row)
 }

+pub(crate) async fn dashboard_totals(pool: &PgPool) -> StoreResult<DashboardTotals> {
+    // 卡片脚注的“总计”覆盖全部历史；只聚合页面实际展示的字段，避免重复计算
+    // 当前区间指标所需的延迟分位数。
+    let fact = completed_usage_fact_predicate("mr");
+    let mut query = QueryBuilder::<Postgres>::new(format!(
+        "select count(*)::bigint as request_count,
+                coalesce(sum(input_tokens) filter (where {fact}), 0)::bigint as input_tokens,
+                coalesce(sum(cached_tokens) filter (where {fact}), 0)::bigint as cached_tokens,
+                coalesce(sum(total_tokens) filter (where {fact}), 0)::bigint as total_tokens,
+                sum(cost_amount) filter (where {fact} and cost_currency = 'USD')::text
+                  as billing_usd
+           from model_requests mr"
+    ));
+    let row = query
+        .build()
+        .fetch_one(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|_| postgres_unavailable("load dashboard totals"))?;
+    Ok(DashboardTotals {
+        request_count: unsigned(&row, "request_count")?,
+        input_tokens: unsigned(&row, "input_tokens")?,
+        cached_tokens: unsigned(&row, "cached_tokens")?,
+        total_tokens: unsigned(&row, "total_tokens")?,
+        billing_usd: optional_decimal(&row, "billing_usd")?,
+    })
+}
+
 pub(crate) async fn request_metric_series(
    pool: &PgPool,
    range: ObservabilityRange,
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ impl ProviderAccountStore for PgProviderAccountRepository {
            provider_kind: account.account.provider().as_str().to_owned(),
            name: account.account.name().to_owned(),
            email: account.account.email().map(str::to_owned),
-            upstream_user_id: account.account.upstream_user_id().to_owned(),
+            upstream_user_id: account.account.upstream_user_id().map(str::to_owned),
            upstream_account_id: account.account.upstream_account_id().map(str::to_owned),
            plan_type: account.account.plan_type().map(str::to_owned),
            authentication_kind: account.account.authentication_kind().to_owned(),
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub(crate) fn account_matches_admin_query(
            Some(account.name.as_str()),
            account.email.as_deref(),
            account.upstream_account_id.as_deref(),
-            Some(account.upstream_user_id.as_str()),
+            account.upstream_user_id.as_deref(),
        ]
        .into_iter()
        .flatten()
@@ -110,6 +110,11 @@ impl ProviderAccountRepository for PgProviderAccountRepository {

    async fn insert_provider_account(&self, account: NewProviderAccount) -> StoreResult<()> {
        account.validate()?;
+        let availability = if account.upstream_user_id.is_some() {
+            account.availability
+        } else {
+            AccountAvailability::Unknown
+        };
        sqlx::query(
            "insert into provider_accounts (
               id, provider_kind, name, email, upstream_user_id,
@@ -135,7 +140,7 @@ impl ProviderAccountRepository for PgProviderAccountRepository {
        .bind(account.access_token_expires_at)
        .bind(account.next_refresh_at)
        .bind(account.enabled)
-        .bind(account.availability.as_str())
+        .bind(availability.as_str())
        .bind(account.availability_observed_at)
        .execute(&self.pool)
        .await
@@ -209,13 +214,16 @@ impl ProviderAccountRepository for PgProviderAccountRepository {
        update.validate()?;
        let result = sqlx::query(
            "update provider_accounts
-             set availability = case when enabled then $3 else availability end,
+             set availability = case
+                     when enabled and upstream_user_id is not null then $3
+                     else availability
+                 end,
                 availability_observed_at = case
-                     when enabled then $4
+                     when enabled and upstream_user_id is not null then $4
                     else availability_observed_at
                 end,
                 last_error_message = case
-                     when enabled then
+                     when enabled and upstream_user_id is not null then
                         case when $3 = 'ready' then null else coalesce($5, last_error_message) end
                     else last_error_message
                 end,
@@ -466,6 +474,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn upsert_provider_account_in_transaction(
    account: &NewProviderAccount,
 ) -> StoreResult<String> {
    account.validate()?;
+    let availability = if account.upstream_user_id.is_some() {
+        account.availability
+    } else {
+        AccountAvailability::Unknown
+    };
    let imported_id = sqlx::query_scalar::<_, String>(
        "insert into provider_accounts (
           id, provider_kind, name, email, upstream_user_id,
@@ -512,7 +525,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn upsert_provider_account_in_transaction(
    .bind(account.access_token_expires_at)
    .bind(account.next_refresh_at)
    .bind(account.enabled)
-    .bind(account.availability.as_str())
+    .bind(availability.as_str())
    .bind(account.availability_observed_at)
    .fetch_optional(&mut **transaction)
    .await
@@ -563,8 +576,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn rotate_provider_account_in_transaction(
             upstream_account_id = case when $11::boolean then $13::text else upstream_account_id end,
             availability = case
                 when not enabled then availability
-                 when availability <> 'quota_exhausted' then 'ready'
-                 else availability
+                 when availability = 'quota_exhausted' then availability
+                 when coalesce($12::text, upstream_user_id) is not null then 'ready'
+                 else 'unknown'
             end,
             availability_observed_at = case
                 when not enabled then availability_observed_at
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ pub struct ProviderAccountSummary {
    pub provider_kind: String,
    pub name: String,
    pub email: Option<String>,
-    pub upstream_user_id: String,
+    pub upstream_user_id: Option<String>,
    pub upstream_account_id: Option<String>,
    pub plan_type: Option<String>,
    pub authentication_kind: String,
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub struct NewProviderAccount {
    pub provider_kind: String,
    pub name: String,
    pub email: Option<String>,
-    pub upstream_user_id: String,
+    pub upstream_user_id: Option<String>,
    pub upstream_account_id: Option<String>,
    pub plan_type: Option<String>,
    pub authentication_kind: String,
@@ -163,7 +163,9 @@ impl NewProviderAccount {
        require_nonempty(ENTITY, "id", &self.id)?;
        require_nonempty(ENTITY, "provider_kind", &self.provider_kind)?;
        require_nonempty(ENTITY, "name", &self.name)?;
-        require_nonempty(ENTITY, "upstream_user_id", &self.upstream_user_id)?;
+        if let Some(upstream_user_id) = &self.upstream_user_id {
+            require_nonempty(ENTITY, "upstream_user_id", upstream_user_id)?;
+        }
        require_nonempty(ENTITY, "authentication_kind", &self.authentication_kind)?;
        if !self.has_refresh_token && self.next_refresh_at.is_some() {
            return Err(invalid("next_refresh_at requires a refresh token"));
@@ -225,19 +225,6 @@ pub(crate) async fn update_runtime_settings_in_transaction(
    update.validate()?;
    let refresh_margin_seconds =
        i64::try_from(update.refresh_margin_seconds).map_err(|_| invalid_numeric())?;
-    let previous_refresh_margin_seconds = sqlx::query_scalar::<_, i64>(
-        "select refresh_margin_seconds
-         from runtime_settings
-         where id = 1
-         for update",
-    )
-    .fetch_optional(&mut **transaction)
-    .await
-    .map_err(|_| postgres_unavailable("lock runtime settings for update"))?
-    .ok_or_else(|| StoreError::NotFound {
-        entity: "runtime settings",
-        id: "1".to_owned(),
-    })?;
    let next = sqlx::query_scalar::<_, i64>(
        "update runtime_settings
             set config_revision = config_revision + 1,
@@ -272,35 +259,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn update_runtime_settings_in_transaction(
        entity: "runtime settings",
        id: "1".to_owned(),
    })?;
-    if previous_refresh_margin_seconds != refresh_margin_seconds {
-        reschedule_provider_refreshes_in_transaction(transaction, refresh_margin_seconds).await?;
-    }
    Revision::new(u64::try_from(next).map_err(|_| invalid_numeric())?)
 }

-async fn reschedule_provider_refreshes_in_transaction(
-    transaction: &mut Transaction<'_, Postgres>,
-    refresh_margin_seconds: i64,
-) -> StoreResult<()> {
-    sqlx::query(
-        "update provider_accounts
-         set next_refresh_at = case
-               when access_token_expires_at <= now()
-                 or extract(epoch from (access_token_expires_at - now())) <= $1
-               then now()
-               else access_token_expires_at - ($1::double precision * interval '1 second')
-             end,
-             updated_at = now()
-         where has_refresh_token
-           and access_token_expires_at is not null",
-    )
-    .bind(refresh_margin_seconds)
-    .execute(&mut **transaction)
-    .await
-    .map_err(|_| postgres_unavailable("reschedule provider credential refreshes"))?;
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 pub(crate) async fn bump_config_revision_in_transaction(
    transaction: &mut Transaction<'_, Postgres>,
 ) -> StoreResult<Revision> {
@@ -156,7 +156,12 @@ async fn connect_and_migrate_should_apply_all_migrations_once_and_reopen_cleanly
    .expect("drop migration test database");
    admin.close().await;

-    assert_eq!((first_table_count, migration_count), (10, 1));
+    assert_eq!(first_table_count, 10);
+    assert_eq!(
+        migration_count,
+        i64::try_from(TEST_MIGRATOR.iter().count())
+            .expect("migration count fits PostgreSQL bigint")
+    );
    assert_eq!(response_id_types, ["bytea", "bytea"]);
    assert!(!raw_response_id_index_exists);
 }
@@ -704,6 +704,54 @@ fn admin_page(value: u32) -> admin_observability::PageNumber {
    admin_observability::PageNumber::new(NonZeroU32::new(value).expect("positive page"))
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn dashboard_summary_totals_include_history_outside_selected_range() {
+    let Some(database) = TestDatabase::create("observability_dashboard_totals").await else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let now = Utc::now();
+    seed_observability_facts(&database.pool, now)
+        .await
+        .expect("seed observability facts");
+    sqlx::query(
+        "update model_requests
+         set started_at = $1 - interval '2 days'
+         where id = 'req_observe_success'",
+    )
+    .bind(now)
+    .execute(&database.pool)
+    .await
+    .expect("move historical request outside selected range");
+    let range = ObservabilityRange::new(now - TimeDelta::hours(1), now + TimeDelta::hours(1))
+        .expect("observability range");
+    let repository = PgObservabilityRepository::new(database.pool.clone(), None);
+
+    let dashboard = repository
+        .dashboard_summary(range)
+        .await
+        .expect("dashboard summary");
+    assert_eq!(dashboard.requests.request_count, 2);
+    assert_eq!(
+        (
+            dashboard.totals.request_count,
+            dashboard.totals.input_tokens,
+            dashboard.totals.cached_tokens,
+            dashboard.totals.total_tokens,
+        ),
+        (3, 100, 40, 120),
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        dashboard
+            .totals
+            .billing_usd
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|amount| amount.as_str()),
+        Some("1.25"),
+    );
+
+    database.close().await;
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn observability_queries_preserve_request_account_cost_and_diagnostic_facts() {
    let Some(database) = TestDatabase::create("observability").await else {
@@ -49,6 +49,35 @@ fn postgres_provider_account_adapter_implements_core_port() {
    assert_terminal_admin_port::<PgAdminAccountStore>();
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn provider_account_should_allow_missing_upstream_user_id() {
+    let Some(database) = TestDatabase::create("provider_account_missing_upstream_identity").await
+    else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let repository = PgProviderAccountRepository::new(database.pool.clone());
+    let mut pending = account("acct_pending_identity", "unused");
+    pending.upstream_user_id = None;
+    pending.email = None;
+    pending.availability = AccountAvailability::Ready;
+    repository
+        .insert_provider_account(pending)
+        .await
+        .expect("insert account without upstream identity");
+
+    let stored = repository
+        .load_provider_account("acct_pending_identity")
+        .await
+        .expect("load account")
+        .expect("stored account");
+    assert_eq!(
+        (stored.summary.upstream_user_id, stored.summary.availability,),
+        (None, AccountAvailability::Unknown)
+    );
+
+    database.close().await;
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn core_quota_batch_reads_only_observed_accounts_in_one_contract_call() {
    let Some(database) = TestDatabase::create("provider_account_quota_batch").await else {
@@ -882,7 +911,7 @@ async fn core_refresh_cas_updates_profile_and_credential_under_one_revision() {
            provider_kind: "xai".to_owned(),
            name: "before refresh".to_owned(),
            email: Some("before@example.invalid".to_owned()),
-            upstream_user_id: "upstream-core-refresh".to_owned(),
+            upstream_user_id: Some("upstream-core-refresh".to_owned()),
            upstream_account_id: None,
            plan_type: Some("free".to_owned()),
            authentication_kind: "oauth".to_owned(),
@@ -1405,7 +1434,7 @@ fn account(id: &str, upstream_user_id: &str) -> NewProviderAccount {
        provider_kind: "openai".to_owned(),
        name: id.to_owned(),
        email: Some(format!("{id}@example.invalid")),
-        upstream_user_id: upstream_user_id.to_owned(),
+        upstream_user_id: Some(upstream_user_id.to_owned()),
        upstream_account_id: None,
        plan_type: Some("pro".to_owned()),
        authentication_kind: "oauth".to_owned(),
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ fn runtime_settings_reject_invalid_model_mapping() {
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn refresh_margin_change_should_reschedule_existing_refreshable_accounts() {
+async fn refresh_margin_change_should_preserve_existing_account_refresh_facts() {
    let Some(database) = TestDatabase::create("refresh_margin_reschedule").await else {
        return;
    };
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ async fn refresh_margin_change_should_reschedule_existing_refreshable_accounts()
    )
    .await;
    let repository = PgRuntimeSettingsRepository::new(database.pool.clone());
+    let before = account_refresh_facts(&database.pool, "acct_refresh_margin_changed").await;

    repository
        .update_runtime_settings(settings_with_margin(1_800))
@@ -62,14 +63,14 @@ async fn refresh_margin_change_should_reschedule_existing_refreshable_accounts()
        .expect("update refresh margin");

    assert_eq!(
-        account_next_refresh_at(&database.pool, "acct_refresh_margin_changed").await,
-        expires_at - TimeDelta::seconds(1_800)
+        account_refresh_facts(&database.pool, "acct_refresh_margin_changed").await,
+        before
    );
    database.close().await;
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn unchanged_refresh_margin_should_preserve_existing_retry_schedule() {
+async fn unchanged_refresh_margin_should_preserve_existing_account_refresh_facts() {
    let Some(database) = TestDatabase::create("refresh_margin_unchanged").await else {
        return;
    };
@@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ async fn unchanged_refresh_margin_should_preserve_existing_retry_schedule() {
    )
    .await;
    let repository = PgRuntimeSettingsRepository::new(database.pool.clone());
+    let before = account_refresh_facts(&database.pool, "acct_refresh_margin_unchanged").await;

    repository
        .update_runtime_settings(settings_with_margin(3_600))
@@ -90,8 +92,8 @@ async fn unchanged_refresh_margin_should_preserve_existing_retry_schedule() {
        .expect("update unrelated runtime settings");

    assert_eq!(
-        account_next_refresh_at(&database.pool, "acct_refresh_margin_unchanged").await,
-        retry_at
+        account_refresh_facts(&database.pool, "acct_refresh_margin_unchanged").await,
+        before
    );
    database.close().await;
 }
@@ -118,12 +120,31 @@ async fn insert_refreshable_account(
    .expect("insert refreshable account");
 }

-async fn account_next_refresh_at(pool: &sqlx::PgPool, account_id: &str) -> DateTime<Utc> {
-    sqlx::query_scalar("select next_refresh_at from provider_accounts where id = $1")
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+struct AccountRefreshFacts {
+    access_token_expires_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    next_refresh_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    credential_revision: i64,
+}
+
+async fn account_refresh_facts(pool: &sqlx::PgPool, account_id: &str) -> AccountRefreshFacts {
+    let (access_token_expires_at, next_refresh_at, updated_at, credential_revision) =
+        sqlx::query_as(
+            "select access_token_expires_at, next_refresh_at, updated_at, credential_revision
+         from provider_accounts
+         where id = $1",
+        )
        .bind(account_id)
        .fetch_one(pool)
        .await
-        .expect("load next refresh time")
+        .expect("load account refresh facts");
+    AccountRefreshFacts {
+        access_token_expires_at,
+        next_refresh_at,
+        updated_at,
+        credential_revision,
+    }
 }

 fn timestamp_micros(value: DateTime<Utc>) -> DateTime<Utc> {
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ hex = "0.4.3"
 # reqwest 0.12.28 + ring）。rustls 0.23.37 起 ClientHello 扩展顺序变化，JA3
 # 会偏离官方指纹；升级前必须重新抓握手对比扩展顺序。
 hyper-rustls = "=0.27.7"
-jsonwebtoken = { version = "=11.0.0", default-features = false, features = ["aws_lc_rs", "use_pem"] }
 # 与官方 Codex Desktop 一致：reqwest 不启用压缩特性，上游请求不带 accept-encoding。
 reqwest = { version = "=0.12.28", default-features = false, features = ["json", "stream", "cookies", "rustls-tls-native-roots", "http2"] }
 roxmltree = "0.21.1"
@@ -58,6 +57,7 @@ zstd = "0.13"
 [dev-dependencies]
 tempfile = "3.27.0"
 tokio = { version = "1.52.3", default-features = false, features = ["rt-multi-thread", "test-util"] }
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.23", features = ["json"] }
 wiremock = "0.6.5"

 [[test]]
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use gateway_admin::model::provider_credentials::{
    PreparedCredentialCreate, PreparedCredentialImport, PreparedCredentialRotation,
    PreparedCredentialRotationFacts, ProviderDocument, ProviderExport,
    ProviderExportCredentialInput, ProviderModel, ProviderModels, ProviderQuota,
-    ProviderQuotaRequest, ProviderQuotaWindow,
+    ProviderQuotaRequest, ProviderQuotaWindow, QuotaLocalUsageAttribution,
 };
 use gateway_admin::model::{MutationActor, MutationContext, Revision};
 use gateway_admin::ports::provider::{ProviderAdmin, ProviderAdminError, ProviderAdminErrorKind};
@@ -33,18 +33,14 @@ use gateway_core::error::StoreErrorKind;
 use gateway_core::operation::{GenerateRequest, Operation, ProtocolPayload};
 use gateway_core::provider_ports::{
    NewOAuthPendingFlow, OAuthPendingBinding, OAuthPendingClaimOutcome, OAuthPendingConsumeOutcome,
-    OAuthPendingFlowPort, OAuthPendingPutOutcome, OAuthPendingReleaseOutcome,
-    ProviderRuntimePolicyPort, ProviderStoreError, ProviderStoreErrorKind,
+    OAuthPendingFlowPort, OAuthPendingPutOutcome, OAuthPendingReleaseOutcome, ProviderStoreError,
+    ProviderStoreErrorKind,
 };
 use gateway_core::routing::{ProviderKind, UpstreamModelId};
 use secrecy::{ExposeSecret as _, SecretString};
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use serde_json::{Map, Number, Value};

-use crate::credential::{
-    CodexAccountIdentityVerifier, CodexCredentialCodec, CodexIdentityExpectation, CodexOAuthSecret,
-    oauth_owner_ref,
-};
 use crate::credential::{
    CodexAccountQuotaSnapshot, CodexCredentialAdmin, CodexCredentialAdminError,
    CodexCredentialAdminService, CodexCredentialCatalogError, CodexCredentialCatalogService,
@@ -52,9 +48,9 @@ use crate::credential::{
    CodexOAuthPendingClaimOutcome, CodexOAuthPendingStore, CodexOAuthPendingStoreError,
    CodexPendingAuthorization, CodexQuotaWindow, CodexQuotaWindowKind, CodexQuotaWindowRole,
    CompleteCodexOAuthAuthorization, CompletedCodexOAuthCredential, ExportManagedCodexCredential,
-    RotateManagedCodexCredential, StartCodexOAuthAuthorization, StoredCodexPendingAuthorization,
-    refresh_time,
+    StartCodexOAuthAuthorization, StoredCodexPendingAuthorization,
 };
+use crate::credential::{CodexCredentialCodec, CodexOAuthSecret, oauth_owner_ref};
 use crate::transport::CodexWebSocketPool;
 use crate::transport::openai_billing_breakdown;
 use crate::transport::profile::{
@@ -63,8 +59,6 @@ use crate::transport::profile::{

 const PROVIDER_NAME: &str = "openai";
 const PENDING_DOCUMENT_SCHEMA_VERSION: u64 = 3;
-const MAX_ACCESS_TOKEN_BYTES: usize = 16 * 1024;
-const MAX_REFRESH_TOKEN_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1024;

 /// OpenAI 对终态 Admin port 的唯一实现。
 pub(crate) struct OpenAiAdminProvider {
@@ -72,22 +66,18 @@ pub(crate) struct OpenAiAdminProvider {
    profile: CodexWireProfileState,
    accounts: Arc<dyn ProviderAccountStore>,
    credentials: Arc<CodexCredentialAdminService>,
-    verifier: Arc<dyn CodexAccountIdentityVerifier>,
    oauth: Arc<dyn CodexOAuthAdmin>,
    quota: Arc<CodexCredentialQuotaService>,
    catalog: Arc<CodexCredentialCatalogService>,
-    runtime_policy: Arc<dyn ProviderRuntimePolicyPort>,
    websocket_pool: Arc<CodexWebSocketPool>,
    desktop_release: CodexDesktopReleaseStatus,
 }

 pub(crate) struct OpenAiAdminServices {
    pub(crate) credentials: Arc<CodexCredentialAdminService>,
-    pub(crate) verifier: Arc<dyn CodexAccountIdentityVerifier>,
    pub(crate) oauth: Arc<dyn CodexOAuthAdmin>,
    pub(crate) quota: Arc<CodexCredentialQuotaService>,
    pub(crate) catalog: Arc<CodexCredentialCatalogService>,
-    pub(crate) runtime_policy: Arc<dyn ProviderRuntimePolicyPort>,
 }

 impl OpenAiAdminProvider {
@@ -105,11 +95,9 @@ impl OpenAiAdminProvider {
            profile,
            accounts,
            credentials: services.credentials,
-            verifier: services.verifier,
            oauth: services.oauth,
            quota: services.quota,
            catalog: services.catalog,
-            runtime_policy: services.runtime_policy,
            websocket_pool,
            desktop_release,
        }
@@ -194,12 +182,13 @@ impl ProviderAdmin for OpenAiAdminProvider {
        let profile = self.profile.snapshot();
        let release = self.desktop_release.snapshot();
        let user_agent = profile.user_agent();
+        let client_identity = format!("{}; {}", profile.originator, profile.desktop_version);
        let release = dashboard_desktop_release(&profile, release);
        Some(DashboardWireProfile {
            provider: self.provider_kind.as_str().to_owned(),
            product: profile.originator,
-            version: profile.desktop_version,
-            build: Some(profile.desktop_build),
+            version: profile.codex_version,
+            build: None,
            target: DashboardWireTarget {
                os_type: profile.os_type,
                os_version: profile.os_version,
@@ -208,8 +197,8 @@ impl ProviderAdmin for OpenAiAdminProvider {
            },
            user_agent,
            attributes: vec![DashboardWireAttribute {
-                label: "Codex Core".to_owned(),
-                value: profile.codex_version,
+                label: "客户端标识".to_owned(),
+                value: client_identity,
            }],
            verified_at: Some(profile.verified_at),
            release: Some(release),
@@ -380,49 +369,9 @@ impl ProviderAdmin for OpenAiAdminProvider {
        if !account_matches_record(&current.account, &command.account) {
            return Err(provider_admin_error(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Conflict));
        }
-        let runtime = CodexCredentialCodec::decode(&current.credential)
-            .map_err(|_| provider_admin_error(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid))?;
-        let account_id = current
-            .account
-            .upstream_account_id()
-            .ok_or_else(|| provider_admin_error(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid))?;
-        let principal = runtime
-            .principal
-            .ok_or_else(|| provider_admin_error(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid))?;
-        let expectation = CodexIdentityExpectation::current(
-            principal.oauth_subject,
-            principal.poid,
-            account_id.to_owned(),
-            current.account.upstream_user_id().to_owned(),
-            runtime.installation_id,
-        )
-        .map_err(|_| provider_admin_error(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid))?;
        let secret = rotation_secret(command.provider_material)?;
-        let verified_account = self
-            .verifier
-            .verify(&secret, &expectation)
-            .await
-            .and_then(crate::credential::CodexIdentityVerification::into_complete)
-            .map_err(|_| provider_admin_error(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid))?;
-        let policy = self
-            .runtime_policy
-            .load_refresh_policy()
-            .await
-            .map_err(map_provider_store_error)?;
-        let next_refresh_at = refresh_time(
-            policy,
-            current.account.id(),
-            verified_account.access_token_expires_at,
-            secret.refresh_token.is_some(),
-        )
-        .map_err(map_credential_admin_error)?;
        let prepared = CodexCredentialAdmin
-            .prepare_rotation(RotateManagedCodexCredential {
-                current,
-                secret,
-                verified_account,
-                next_refresh_at,
-            })
+            .prepare_refreshed_oauth_rotation(current, secret, None, None)
            .map_err(map_credential_admin_error)?;
        prepared_rotation(prepared, command.account.provider_kind)
    }
@@ -576,7 +525,7 @@ fn prepared_create(
        provider_kind: account.provider().clone(),
        name: account.name().to_owned(),
        email: account.email().map(str::to_owned),
-        upstream_user_id: account.upstream_user_id().to_owned(),
+        upstream_user_id: account.upstream_user_id().map(str::to_owned),
        upstream_account_id: account.upstream_account_id().map(str::to_owned),
        plan_type: account.plan_type().map(str::to_owned),
        authentication_kind: account.authentication_kind().to_owned(),
@@ -640,15 +589,6 @@ fn rotation_secret(document: ProviderDocument) -> Result<CodexOAuthSecret, Provi
    let document: RotationDocument =
        serde_json::from_value(Value::Object(document.into_provider_data().into_inner()))
            .map_err(|_| provider_admin_error(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid))?;
-    if document.access_token.is_empty()
-        || document.access_token.len() > MAX_ACCESS_TOKEN_BYTES
-        || document
-            .refresh_token
-            .as_deref()
-            .is_some_and(|token| token.is_empty() || token.len() > MAX_REFRESH_TOKEN_BYTES)
-    {
-        return Err(provider_admin_error(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid));
-    }
    Ok(CodexOAuthSecret {
        access_token: SecretString::from(document.access_token),
        refresh_token: document.refresh_token.map(SecretString::from),
@@ -736,7 +676,7 @@ fn dashboard_desktop_release(
 fn account_matches_record(account: &ProviderAccount, record: &AccountRecord) -> bool {
    account.id().as_str() == record.id
        && account.provider() == &record.provider_kind
-        && account.upstream_user_id() == record.upstream_user_id
+        && account.upstream_user_id() == record.upstream_user_id.as_deref()
        && account.upstream_account_id() == record.upstream_account_id.as_deref()
        && account.authentication_kind() == record.authentication_kind
 }
@@ -804,6 +744,11 @@ fn project_quota_snapshot(snapshot: CodexAccountQuotaSnapshot) -> ProviderQuota
                    window.window_seconds(),
                ),
                source: Some(window.source().to_owned()),
+                local_usage_attribution: if window.is_account_wide() {
+                    QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide
+                } else {
+                    QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::Unavailable
+                },
                window_seconds: window.window_seconds(),
                used_percent: window.used_percent(),
                reset_at: window.reset_at(),
@@ -862,6 +807,7 @@ fn force_confirmed_exhaustion_projection(quota: &mut ProviderQuota) {
            group: "other".to_owned(),
            label: "额度".to_owned(),
            source: None,
+            local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::Unavailable,
            window_seconds: None,
            used_percent: Some(100.0),
            reset_at: None,
@@ -1352,14 +1298,6 @@ fn map_pending_store_error(error: ProviderStoreError) -> CodexOAuthPendingStoreE
    }
 }

-fn map_provider_store_error(error: ProviderStoreError) -> ProviderAdminError {
-    provider_admin_error(match error.kind() {
-        ProviderStoreErrorKind::InvalidData => ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid,
-        ProviderStoreErrorKind::Conflict => ProviderAdminErrorKind::Conflict,
-        ProviderStoreErrorKind::Unavailable => ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unavailable,
-    })
-}
-
 fn map_store_error(error: gateway_core::error::StoreError) -> ProviderAdminError {
    provider_admin_error(match error.kind() {
        StoreErrorKind::Conflict => ProviderAdminErrorKind::Conflict,
@@ -1376,25 +1314,20 @@ fn map_credential_admin_error(error: CodexCredentialAdminError) -> ProviderAdmin
    provider_admin_error(match error {
        Error::InvalidInput
        | Error::InvalidCredential
-        | Error::IdentityMismatch
        | Error::MissingRefreshToken
        | Error::RefreshRejected
-        | Error::AccountBanned
-        | Error::IdentityRejected => ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid,
+        | Error::AccountBanned => ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid,
        Error::NotFound => ProviderAdminErrorKind::NotFound,
        Error::RefreshLeaseUnavailable | Error::RefreshAmbiguous => {
            ProviderAdminErrorKind::Conflict
        }
-        Error::RefreshUnavailable | Error::IdentityUnavailable => {
-            ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unavailable
-        }
+        Error::RefreshUnavailable => ProviderAdminErrorKind::Unavailable,
    })
 }

 const fn credential_admin_error_code(error: CodexCredentialAdminError) -> &'static str {
    match error {
        CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput => "invalid_input",
-        CodexCredentialAdminError::IdentityMismatch => "identity_mismatch",
        CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential => "invalid_credential",
        CodexCredentialAdminError::NotFound => "not_found",
        CodexCredentialAdminError::MissingRefreshToken => "missing_refresh_token",
@@ -1403,8 +1336,6 @@ const fn credential_admin_error_code(error: CodexCredentialAdminError) -> &'stat
        CodexCredentialAdminError::AccountBanned => "account_banned",
        CodexCredentialAdminError::RefreshUnavailable => "refresh_unavailable",
        CodexCredentialAdminError::RefreshAmbiguous => "refresh_ambiguous",
-        CodexCredentialAdminError::IdentityRejected => "identity_rejected",
-        CodexCredentialAdminError::IdentityUnavailable => "identity_unavailable",
    }
 }

@@ -1433,7 +1364,6 @@ fn map_oauth_error(error: CodexOAuthAdminError) -> ProviderAdminError {
        Error::InvalidInput
        | Error::CallbackRejected
        | Error::TokenRejected
-        | Error::IdentityRejected
        | Error::Credential => ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid,
        Error::NotFound | Error::FlowExpired => ProviderAdminErrorKind::NotFound,
        Error::Conflict | Error::Ambiguous => ProviderAdminErrorKind::Conflict,
@@ -1451,7 +1381,6 @@ const fn oauth_error_code(error: &CodexOAuthAdminError) -> &'static str {
        CodexOAuthAdminError::FlowExpired => "flow_expired",
        CodexOAuthAdminError::CallbackRejected => "callback_rejected",
        CodexOAuthAdminError::TokenRejected => "token_rejected",
-        CodexOAuthAdminError::IdentityRejected => "identity_rejected",
        CodexOAuthAdminError::UpstreamUnavailable => "upstream_unavailable",
        CodexOAuthAdminError::Ambiguous => "ambiguous",
        CodexOAuthAdminError::StorageUnavailable => "storage_unavailable",
@@ -43,10 +43,8 @@ impl OpenAiConfig {
        self.quota.validate()?;
        self.auth.validate()?;
        self.wire_profile.validate()?;
-        self.identity_secret_path = source_dir
-            .parent()
-            .unwrap_or(source_dir)
-            .join(".runtime/data/identity_hmac_secret");
+        let project_root = source_dir.parent().unwrap_or(source_dir);
+        self.identity_secret_path = project_root.join(".runtime/data/identity_hmac_secret");
        Ok(())
    }

@@ -278,6 +276,7 @@ impl CodexAuthSettings {
 #[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct CodexWireProfileConfig {
    pub originator: String,
+    /// npm `@openai/codex` 启动版本；运行时发布任务会更新此画像字段。
    pub codex_version: String,
    pub desktop_version: String,
    pub desktop_build: String,
@@ -292,10 +291,10 @@ impl Default for CodexWireProfileConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            originator: "Codex Desktop".to_owned(),
-            codex_version: "0.145.0".to_owned(),
-            desktop_version: "26.721.31836".to_owned(),
-            desktop_build: "5828".to_owned(),
-            os_type: "macOS".to_owned(),
+            codex_version: "0.146.0".to_owned(),
+            desktop_version: "26.727.51351".to_owned(),
+            desktop_build: "6119".to_owned(),
+            os_type: "Mac OS".to_owned(),
            os_version: "15.7.1".to_owned(),
            arch: "arm64".to_owned(),
            terminal: "unknown".to_owned(),
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ use gateway_core::engine::credential::{
 };
 use gateway_core::provider_ports::{
    ProviderLeaseAcquisition, ProviderLeaseGuard, ProviderLeasePort, ProviderLeaseRequest,
-    ProviderRefreshCapacityRequest, ProviderRefreshLeaseRequest, ProviderRefreshPolicy,
-    ProviderRuntimePolicyPort,
+    ProviderRefreshCapacityRequest, ProviderRefreshLeaseRequest, ProviderRuntimePolicyPort,
 };
 use gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind;
 use secrecy::{ExposeSecret, SecretString};
@@ -25,21 +24,21 @@ use serde::Serialize;
 use serde_json::Value;
 use thiserror::Error;

-use super::identity::{
-    CodexAccountIdentityVerifier, CodexIdentityExpectation, CodexIdentityVerificationError,
-};
+use super::recovery_log::{CodexOAuthRecoveryOperation, record_oauth_recovery};
 use super::security::CodexCredentialCodec;
 use super::token_client::{RefreshFailure, TokenRefresher};
 use super::types::{
    CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_AGENT_IDENTITY, CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_OAUTH, CodexAccountProfile,
    CodexAgentIdentityAuthMode, CodexAgentIdentityCredentialData, CodexCredentialData,
-    CodexOAuthSecret,
+    CodexCredentialPrincipal, CodexOAuthMetadata, CodexOAuthSecret, parse_access_token_expiration,
 };

 const PROVIDER_NAME: &str = "openai";
 const CODEX_CREDENTIAL_SCHEMA_VERSION: u32 = 1;
 const MAX_BATCH: usize = 200;
 const MAX_IMPORT_DOCUMENT_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
+const MAX_IMPORT_EMAIL_BYTES: usize = 512;
+const MAX_IMPORT_PLAN_BYTES: usize = 128;

 pub struct ImportCodexOAuthCredential {
    pub account_id: String,
@@ -50,6 +49,35 @@ pub struct ImportCodexOAuthCredential {
    pub enabled: bool,
 }

+/// OAuth credential 的最小创建输入。
+///
+/// metadata 来自 ID token 的本地 payload 解码，或导入文档的展示字段；不包含
+/// 签名、issuer、audience、nonce 或 access/refresh token 验证。
+pub(crate) struct UnresolvedCodexOAuthCredential {
+    pub(crate) account_id: String,
+    pub(crate) name: String,
+    pub(crate) secret: CodexOAuthSecret,
+    pub(crate) metadata: CodexOAuthMetadata,
+    pub(crate) access_token_expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub(crate) next_refresh_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub(crate) enabled: bool,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for UnresolvedCodexOAuthCredential {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("UnresolvedCodexOAuthCredential")
+            .field("account_id", &self.account_id)
+            .field("name", &self.name)
+            .field("secret", &"<redacted>")
+            .field("metadata", &self.metadata)
+            .field("access_token_expires_at", &self.access_token_expires_at)
+            .field("next_refresh_at", &self.next_refresh_at)
+            .field("enabled", &self.enabled)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 impl std::fmt::Debug for ImportCodexOAuthCredential {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        formatter
@@ -106,6 +134,7 @@ enum ParsedCodexAuthentication {
    OAuth {
        access_token: Option<String>,
        refresh_token: Option<String>,
+        id_token: Option<String>,
    },
    AgentIdentity {
        runtime_id: String,
@@ -120,6 +149,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ParsedCodexAuthentication {
            Self::OAuth {
                access_token,
                refresh_token,
+                id_token,
            } => formatter
                .debug_struct("OAuth")
                .field("access_token", &access_token.as_ref().map(|_| "<redacted>"))
@@ -127,6 +157,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ParsedCodexAuthentication {
                    "refresh_token",
                    &refresh_token.as_ref().map(|_| "<redacted>"),
                )
+                .field("id_token", &id_token.as_ref().map(|_| "<redacted>"))
                .finish(),
            Self::AgentIdentity {
                runtime_id: _,
@@ -347,8 +378,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for PreparedCodexCredentialRotationGuard {
 pub enum CodexCredentialAdminError {
    #[error("Codex account input is invalid")]
    InvalidInput,
-    #[error("Codex account identity does not match the existing account")]
-    IdentityMismatch,
    #[error("Codex credential JSON is invalid")]
    InvalidCredential,
    #[error("Codex account was not found")]
@@ -365,10 +394,6 @@ pub enum CodexCredentialAdminError {
    RefreshUnavailable,
    #[error("Codex refresh send state is ambiguous")]
    RefreshAmbiguous,
-    #[error("Codex refreshed identity was rejected")]
-    IdentityRejected,
-    #[error("Codex identity verification is unavailable")]
-    IdentityUnavailable,
 }

 /// 无状态的 Codex Admin command preparer。
@@ -387,8 +412,7 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdmin {
        if input.name.trim().is_empty() {
            return Err(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput);
        }
-        let access_token_expires_at =
-            required_time(input.verified_account.access_token_expires_at)?;
+        let access_token_expires_at = optional_time(input.verified_account.access_token_expires_at);
        let revision =
            CredentialRevision::new(1).map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
        let upstream_user_id = input.verified_account.chatgpt_user_id.clone();
@@ -399,10 +423,10 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdmin {
            account_id,
            provider,
            input.name,
-            upstream_user_id,
+            Some(upstream_user_id),
            CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_OAUTH.to_owned(),
            revision,
-            Some(access_token_expires_at),
+            access_token_expires_at,
        )
        .with_profile(
            input.verified_account.email,
@@ -420,6 +444,59 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdmin {
        })
    }

+    /// 为已取得 OAuth access token、但资料尚未补全的账号创建最小记录。
+    ///
+    /// ID token payload 只用于本地字段投影；创建路径绝不发起 usage/profile 请求。
+    pub(crate) fn prepare_unresolved_oauth(
+        &self,
+        input: UnresolvedCodexOAuthCredential,
+    ) -> Result<NewProviderAccount, CodexCredentialAdminError> {
+        let account_id = ProviderAccountId::new(input.account_id)
+            .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput)?;
+        let provider = ProviderKind::new(PROVIDER_NAME)
+            .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput)?;
+        if input.name.trim().is_empty() {
+            return Err(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput);
+        }
+        let revision =
+            CredentialRevision::new(1).map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
+        let CodexOAuthMetadata {
+            email,
+            chatgpt_plan_type: plan_type,
+            chatgpt_user_id: upstream_user_id,
+            chatgpt_account_id: upstream_account_id,
+        } = input.metadata;
+        let has_upstream_user_id = upstream_user_id.is_some();
+        let credential = CodexCredentialCodec::encode_unresolved(&input.secret, Vec::new())
+            .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
+        let account = ProviderAccount::new(
+            account_id,
+            provider,
+            input.name,
+            upstream_user_id,
+            CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_OAUTH.to_owned(),
+            revision,
+            optional_time(input.access_token_expires_at),
+        )
+        .with_profile(email, upstream_account_id, plan_type)
+        .with_runtime_state(
+            input.enabled,
+            if has_upstream_user_id {
+                AccountAvailability::Ready
+            } else {
+                AccountAvailability::Unknown
+            },
+        )
+        .with_refresh_schedule(
+            input.secret.refresh_token.is_some(),
+            optional_time(input.next_refresh_at),
+        );
+        Ok(NewProviderAccount {
+            account,
+            credential,
+        })
+    }
+
    /// 严格输出可被 CPR 导入逻辑直接读取的 canonical 文档。
    pub fn format_cpr_export(
        &self,
@@ -444,7 +521,7 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdmin {
                id: account.id().as_str().to_owned(),
                email: account.email().map(str::to_owned),
                account_id: account.upstream_account_id().map(str::to_owned),
-                user_id: Some(account.upstream_user_id().to_owned()),
+                user_id: account.upstream_user_id().map(str::to_owned),
                label: Some(account.name().to_owned()),
                plan_type: account.plan_type().map(str::to_owned),
                status: cpr_status(&account),
@@ -499,12 +576,60 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdmin {
        self.prepare_oauth_rotation(input, false)
    }

-    /// 完整 OAuth 授权按目标数据 ID 替换凭据与上游账号身份。
-    pub(crate) fn prepare_reauthorization(
+    /// 构建一次成功 RT exchange 的 CAS 写入，保留已存账号身份资料。
+    ///
+    /// Refresh endpoint 已经完成本次 token 交换的授权；这里不对新 access
+    /// token 重新执行身份验证。
+    pub(crate) fn prepare_refreshed_oauth_rotation(
        &self,
-        input: RotateManagedCodexCredential,
+        current: LoadedCredential,
+        secret: CodexOAuthSecret,
+        access_token_expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+        next_refresh_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
    ) -> Result<PreparedCodexCredentialRotation, CodexCredentialAdminError> {
-        self.prepare_oauth_rotation(input, true)
+        if current.account.provider().as_str() != PROVIDER_NAME
+            || current.account.authentication_kind() != CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_OAUTH
+        {
+            return Err(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential);
+        }
+        let mut data = CodexCredentialCodec::decode_complete(&current.credential)
+            .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
+        let oauth = data
+            .oauth_mut()
+            .ok_or(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
+        oauth.access_token = secret.access_token.expose_secret().to_owned();
+        oauth.refresh_token = secret
+            .refresh_token
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|value| value.expose_secret().to_owned());
+        oauth.id_token = secret
+            .id_token
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|value| value.expose_secret().to_owned());
+        let credential = CodexCredentialCodec::encode_complete(data)
+            .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
+        let profile = ProviderAccountUpdate {
+            account_id: current.account.id().clone(),
+            name: current.account.name().to_owned(),
+            email: current.account.email().map(str::to_owned),
+            plan_type: current.account.plan_type().map(str::to_owned),
+        };
+        let credential = CredentialCasUpdate::new(
+            current.account.id().clone(),
+            current.account.revision(),
+            profile.clone(),
+            credential,
+            secret.refresh_token.is_some(),
+            optional_time(access_token_expires_at),
+            optional_time(next_refresh_at),
+        )
+        .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
+        Ok(PreparedCodexCredentialRotation {
+            profile,
+            credential,
+            replacement_identity: None,
+            refresh_guards: None,
+        })
    }

    fn prepare_oauth_rotation(
@@ -512,24 +637,16 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdmin {
        input: RotateManagedCodexCredential,
        replace_identity: bool,
    ) -> Result<PreparedCodexCredentialRotation, CodexCredentialAdminError> {
-        let access_token_expires_at =
-            required_time(input.verified_account.access_token_expires_at)?;
+        let access_token_expires_at = input.verified_account.access_token_expires_at;
        let mut data = CodexCredentialCodec::decode_complete(&input.current.credential)
            .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
        let oauth = data
            .oauth_mut()
-            .ok_or(CodexCredentialAdminError::IdentityMismatch)?;
+            .ok_or(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
        if input.current.account.provider().as_str() != PROVIDER_NAME
            || input.current.account.authentication_kind() != CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_OAUTH
-            || (!replace_identity
-                && (input.current.account.upstream_account_id()
-                    != Some(input.verified_account.chatgpt_account_id.as_str())
-                    || input.current.account.upstream_user_id()
-                        != input.verified_account.chatgpt_user_id
-                    || oauth.principal.oauth_subject != input.verified_account.oauth_subject
-                    || oauth.principal.poid != input.verified_account.poid))
        {
-            return Err(CodexCredentialAdminError::IdentityMismatch);
+            return Err(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential);
        }
        let replacement_identity = replace_identity.then(|| {
            ProviderAccountIdentity::new(
@@ -538,14 +655,10 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdmin {
            )
        });
        if replace_identity {
-            oauth
-                .principal
-                .oauth_subject
-                .clone_from(&input.verified_account.oauth_subject);
-            oauth
-                .principal
-                .poid
-                .clone_from(&input.verified_account.poid);
+            oauth.principal = Some(CodexCredentialPrincipal {
+                oauth_subject: input.verified_account.oauth_subject.clone(),
+                poid: input.verified_account.poid.clone(),
+            });
        }
        oauth.access_token = input.secret.access_token.expose_secret().to_owned();
        oauth.refresh_token = input
@@ -572,7 +685,7 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdmin {
            profile.clone(),
            credential,
            input.secret.refresh_token.is_some(),
-            Some(access_token_expires_at),
+            optional_time(access_token_expires_at),
            optional_time(input.next_refresh_at),
        )
        .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
@@ -588,7 +701,6 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdmin {
 /// 有状态的 Codex 手工刷新边界；消费调用方刚读取的当前 credential 并准备 CAS。
 pub struct CodexCredentialAdminService {
    refresher: Arc<dyn TokenRefresher>,
-    verifier: Arc<dyn CodexAccountIdentityVerifier>,
    leases: Arc<dyn ProviderLeasePort>,
    runtime_policy: Arc<dyn ProviderRuntimePolicyPort>,
 }
@@ -598,7 +710,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for CodexCredentialAdminService {
        formatter
            .debug_struct("CodexCredentialAdminService")
            .field("refresher", &"TokenRefresher")
-            .field("verifier", &"CodexAccountIdentityVerifier")
            .field("leases", &"ProviderLeasePort")
            .field("runtime_policy", &"ProviderRuntimePolicyPort")
            .finish()
@@ -608,19 +719,17 @@ impl fmt::Debug for CodexCredentialAdminService {
 impl CodexCredentialAdminService {
    pub fn new(
        refresher: Arc<dyn TokenRefresher>,
-        verifier: Arc<dyn CodexAccountIdentityVerifier>,
        leases: Arc<dyn ProviderLeasePort>,
        runtime_policy: Arc<dyn ProviderRuntimePolicyPort>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            refresher,
-            verifier,
            leases,
            runtime_policy,
        }
    }

-    /// 官方 RT exchange + AT 身份验证；结果由 App 在同一 revision/audit 事务中提交。
+    /// 官方 RT exchange；结果由 App 在同一 revision/audit 事务中提交。
    pub async fn manual_refresh(
        &self,
        current: LoadedCredential,
@@ -632,7 +741,6 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdminService {
        }
        let runtime = CodexCredentialCodec::decode(&current.credential)
            .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
-        let expectation = current_identity_expectation(&current.account, &runtime)?;
        let oauth = runtime
            .authentication
            .oauth()
@@ -677,9 +785,6 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdminService {
            .refresh(refresh_token.expose_secret())
            .await
            .map_err(map_refresh_failure)?;
-        if tokens.access_token.trim().is_empty() || tokens.expires_in.is_zero() {
-            return Err(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential);
-        }
        let secret = CodexOAuthSecret {
            access_token: SecretString::from(tokens.access_token),
            refresh_token: tokens
@@ -688,24 +793,24 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdminService {
                .or_else(|| oauth.refresh_token.clone()),
            id_token: oauth.id_token.clone(),
        };
-        let verified_account = self
-            .verifier
-            .verify(&secret, &expectation)
-            .await
-            .and_then(super::identity::CodexIdentityVerification::into_complete)
-            .map_err(map_identity_error)?;
-        let next_refresh_at = refresh_time(
-            policy,
-            &account_id,
-            verified_account.access_token_expires_at,
-            secret.refresh_token.is_some(),
-        )?;
-        let mut prepared = CodexCredentialAdmin.prepare_rotation(RotateManagedCodexCredential {
+        Self::record_recovery_log(
+            CodexOAuthRecoveryOperation::ManualRefresh,
+            Some(account_id.as_str()),
+            &secret,
+        );
+        let access_token_expires_at = tokens
+            .expires_in
+            .and_then(|expires_in| SystemTime::now().checked_add(expires_in))
+            .map(DateTime::<Utc>::from);
+        // 正常预刷新由 worker 读取当时的 runtime policy 动态判断；这里仅清除
+        // 之前瞬态失败留下的 retry-not-before。
+        let next_refresh_at = None;
+        let mut prepared = CodexCredentialAdmin.prepare_refreshed_oauth_rotation(
            current,
            secret,
-            verified_account,
+            access_token_expires_at,
            next_refresh_at,
-        })?;
+        )?;
        prepared.refresh_guards = Some(ProviderRefreshGuards {
            _capacity: capacity_guard,
            _account: account_guard,
@@ -713,7 +818,10 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdminService {
        Ok(prepared)
    }

-    /// 从 OAuth token 对补全账号事实，并归一到唯一 `NewProviderAccount` 写入路径。
+    /// 归一导入 OAuth/agent-identity 凭据到唯一 `NewProviderAccount` 写入路径。
+    ///
+    /// OAuth 导入只要取得 access token（直接提供或 RT exchange）即创建 Unknown
+    /// 账号；资格资料由后续 worker 异步补齐。
    pub async fn prepare_import_document(
        &self,
        payload: Value,
@@ -732,56 +840,54 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdminService {
        let mut account_ids = BTreeSet::new();
        let mut upstream_identities = BTreeSet::new();
        let mut accounts = Vec::with_capacity(candidates.len());
-        let mut policy = None;
        for candidate in candidates {
            let prepared = match &candidate.authentication {
                ParsedCodexAuthentication::OAuth {
                    access_token,
                    refresh_token,
+                    id_token,
                } => {
                    let account_id = format!("acct_{}", uuid::Uuid::now_v7().simple());
                    if !account_ids.insert(account_id.clone()) {
                        return Err(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput);
                    }
-                    let (secret, verified_account) = self
-                        .verify_import_tokens(access_token.clone(), refresh_token.clone())
+                    let typed_account_id = ProviderAccountId::new(account_id.clone())
+                        .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput)?;
+                    let (secret, access_token_expires_at) = self
+                        .resolve_import_tokens(
+                            &typed_account_id,
+                            access_token.clone(),
+                            refresh_token.clone(),
+                            id_token.clone(),
+                        )
                        .await?;
-                    if !upstream_identities.insert((
-                        verified_account.chatgpt_user_id.clone(),
-                        verified_account.chatgpt_account_id.clone(),
-                    )) {
-                        return Err(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput);
-                    }
-                    let refresh_policy = if let Some(policy) = policy {
-                        policy
-                    } else {
-                        let loaded = self
-                            .runtime_policy
-                            .load_refresh_policy()
-                            .await
-                            .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::RefreshUnavailable)?;
-                        policy = Some(loaded);
-                        loaded
-                    };
-                    let next_refresh_at = refresh_time(
-                        refresh_policy,
-                        &ProviderAccountId::new(account_id.clone())
-                            .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput)?,
-                        verified_account.access_token_expires_at,
-                        secret.refresh_token.is_some(),
-                    )?;
-                    CodexCredentialAdmin.prepare_import(ImportCodexOAuthCredential {
-                        account_id,
-                        name: verified_account
-                            .email
-                            .clone()
-                            .filter(|name| !name.trim().is_empty())
-                            .unwrap_or_else(|| "Codex OAuth".to_owned()),
-                        secret,
-                        verified_account,
-                        next_refresh_at,
-                        enabled: true,
-                    })?
+                    // 导入材料按管理员输入原样保存；ID token 仅尽力补展示字段，
+                    // 解析失败不阻塞 AT/RT 入库。
+                    let mut metadata = secret
+                        .id_token
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .and_then(|token| {
+                            super::types::parse_id_token_metadata(token.expose_secret()).ok()
+                        })
+                        .unwrap_or_default();
+                    apply_import_metadata(&mut metadata, &candidate);
+                    CodexCredentialAdmin.prepare_unresolved_oauth(
+                        UnresolvedCodexOAuthCredential {
+                            account_id,
+                            name: candidate
+                                .name
+                                .clone()
+                                .or_else(|| candidate.email.clone())
+                                .or_else(|| metadata.email.clone())
+                                .filter(|name| !name.trim().is_empty())
+                                .unwrap_or_else(|| "Codex OAuth".to_owned()),
+                            secret,
+                            metadata,
+                            access_token_expires_at,
+                            next_refresh_at: None,
+                            enabled: true,
+                        },
+                    )?
                }
                ParsedCodexAuthentication::AgentIdentity { .. } => {
                    let account_id = candidate
@@ -796,14 +902,17 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdminService {
                        import_runtime_state(candidate.status.as_deref())?;
                    let mut account =
                        self.prepare_agent_identity_import(&candidate, account_id, enabled)?;
-                    if !upstream_identities.insert((
-                        account.account.upstream_user_id().to_owned(),
-                        account
-                            .account
-                            .upstream_account_id()
-                            .ok_or(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput)?
-                            .to_owned(),
-                    )) {
+                    let upstream_user_id = account
+                        .account
+                        .upstream_user_id()
+                        .ok_or(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput)?
+                        .to_owned();
+                    let upstream_account_id = account
+                        .account
+                        .upstream_account_id()
+                        .ok_or(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput)?
+                        .to_owned();
+                    if !upstream_identities.insert((upstream_user_id, upstream_account_id)) {
                        return Err(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput);
                    }
                    account.account = account.account.with_runtime_state(enabled, availability);
@@ -815,35 +924,27 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdminService {
        Ok(PreparedCodexAccountImport { accounts })
    }

-    async fn verify_import_tokens(
+    async fn resolve_import_tokens(
        &self,
+        account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
        access_token: Option<String>,
        refresh_token: Option<String>,
-    ) -> Result<(CodexOAuthSecret, CodexAccountProfile), CodexCredentialAdminError> {
-        let access_token = access_token
-            .as_deref()
-            .map(normalize_bearer)
-            .filter(|token| !token.is_empty());
-        let refresh_token = refresh_token
-            .as_deref()
-            .map(normalize_bearer)
-            .filter(|token| !token.is_empty());
+        id_token: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<(CodexOAuthSecret, Option<DateTime<Utc>>), CodexCredentialAdminError> {
+        let id_token = id_token.map(SecretString::from);
        if let Some(access_token) = access_token {
+            let access_token_expires_at = parse_access_token_expiration(&access_token);
            let secret = CodexOAuthSecret {
                access_token: SecretString::from(access_token),
-                refresh_token: refresh_token.clone().map(SecretString::from),
-                id_token: None,
+                refresh_token: refresh_token.map(SecretString::from),
+                id_token,
            };
-            match self.verifier.verify_import(&secret).await {
-                Ok(profile) => return Ok((secret, profile)),
-                Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Unavailable) => {
-                    return Err(CodexCredentialAdminError::IdentityUnavailable);
-                }
-                Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected) if refresh_token.is_none() => {
-                    return Err(CodexCredentialAdminError::IdentityRejected);
-                }
-                Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected) => {}
-            }
+            Self::record_recovery_log(
+                CodexOAuthRecoveryOperation::ImportDirect,
+                Some(account_id.as_str()),
+                &secret,
+            );
+            return Ok((secret, access_token_expires_at));
        }
        let refresh_token = refresh_token.ok_or(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
        let tokens = self
@@ -851,9 +952,6 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdminService {
            .refresh(&refresh_token)
            .await
            .map_err(map_refresh_failure)?;
-        if tokens.access_token.trim().is_empty() || tokens.expires_in.is_zero() {
-            return Err(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential);
-        }
        let secret = CodexOAuthSecret {
            access_token: SecretString::from(tokens.access_token),
            // RT 未轮换时仍保留导入提供的 RT，保证本次补全不会丢失后续刷新能力。
@@ -861,14 +959,34 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdminService {
                .refresh_token
                .map(SecretString::from)
                .or_else(|| Some(SecretString::from(refresh_token))),
-            id_token: None,
+            id_token,
        };
-        let profile = self
-            .verifier
-            .verify_import(&secret)
-            .await
-            .map_err(map_identity_error)?;
-        Ok((secret, profile))
+        Self::record_recovery_log(
+            CodexOAuthRecoveryOperation::ImportRefreshToken,
+            Some(account_id.as_str()),
+            &secret,
+        );
+        let access_token_expires_at = tokens
+            .expires_in
+            .and_then(|expires_in| SystemTime::now().checked_add(expires_in))
+            .map(DateTime::<Utc>::from);
+        Ok((secret, access_token_expires_at))
+    }
+
+    fn record_recovery_log(
+        operation: CodexOAuthRecoveryOperation,
+        account_id: Option<&str>,
+        secret: &CodexOAuthSecret,
+    ) {
+        record_oauth_recovery(
+            operation,
+            account_id,
+            secret.access_token.expose_secret(),
+            secret
+                .refresh_token
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(ExposeSecret::expose_secret),
+        );
    }

    fn prepare_agent_identity_import(
@@ -920,7 +1038,7 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdminService {
            account_id,
            provider,
            name,
-            upstream_user_id,
+            Some(upstream_user_id),
            CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_AGENT_IDENTITY.to_owned(),
            revision,
            None,
@@ -939,56 +1057,10 @@ impl CodexCredentialAdminService {
    }
 }

-fn current_identity_expectation(
-    account: &ProviderAccount,
-    credential: &super::security::CodexRuntimeCredential,
-) -> Result<CodexIdentityExpectation, CodexCredentialAdminError> {
-    let account_id = account
-        .upstream_account_id()
-        .ok_or(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
-    let principal = credential
-        .principal
-        .as_ref()
-        .ok_or(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
-    CodexIdentityExpectation::current(
-        principal.oauth_subject.clone(),
-        principal.poid.clone(),
-        account_id.to_owned(),
-        account.upstream_user_id().to_owned(),
-        credential.installation_id.clone(),
-    )
-    .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)
-}
-
-fn required_time(
-    value: Option<chrono::DateTime<chrono::Utc>>,
-) -> Result<SystemTime, CodexCredentialAdminError> {
-    value
-        .map(SystemTime::from)
-        .ok_or(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)
-}
-
 fn optional_time(value: Option<chrono::DateTime<chrono::Utc>>) -> Option<SystemTime> {
    value.map(SystemTime::from)
 }

-pub(crate) fn refresh_time(
-    policy: ProviderRefreshPolicy,
-    account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
-    access_token_expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
-    has_refresh_token: bool,
-) -> Result<Option<DateTime<Utc>>, CodexCredentialAdminError> {
-    if !has_refresh_token {
-        return Ok(None);
-    }
-    let expires_at = required_time(access_token_expires_at)?;
-    policy
-        .next_attempt_at(account_id, expires_at, SystemTime::now())
-        .map(DateTime::<Utc>::from)
-        .map(Some)
-        .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)
-}
-
 fn cpr_status(account: &ProviderAccount) -> &'static str {
    if !account.enabled() {
        return "disabled";
@@ -1016,15 +1088,6 @@ const fn map_refresh_failure(error: RefreshFailure) -> CodexCredentialAdminError
    }
 }

-const fn map_identity_error(error: CodexIdentityVerificationError) -> CodexCredentialAdminError {
-    match error {
-        CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected => CodexCredentialAdminError::IdentityRejected,
-        CodexIdentityVerificationError::Unavailable => {
-            CodexCredentialAdminError::IdentityUnavailable
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 fn parse_import_document(
    payload: &Value,
 ) -> Result<Vec<ParsedCodexImportAccount>, CodexCredentialAdminError> {
@@ -1037,20 +1100,28 @@ fn parse_import_document(
        if !is_openai_oauth_candidate(value) {
            continue;
        }
-        accounts.push(ParsedCodexImportAccount {
-            id: None,
-            name: None,
-            email: None,
-            plan_type: None,
-            chatgpt_account_id: None,
-            chatgpt_user_id: None,
-            authentication: parse_oauth_import_tokens(value)?,
-            status: None,
-        });
+        accounts.push(parse_oauth_import_account(value)?);
    }
    Ok(accounts)
 }

+fn parse_oauth_import_account(
+    value: &Value,
+) -> Result<ParsedCodexImportAccount, CodexCredentialAdminError> {
+    let credentials = value.get("credentials").unwrap_or(value);
+    Ok(ParsedCodexImportAccount {
+        id: first_string(value, &["id"]),
+        name: first_string(value, &["name", "label"]),
+        email: first_string(value, &["email"]).or_else(|| first_string(credentials, &["email"])),
+        plan_type: first_string(value, &["plan_type", "planType"])
+            .or_else(|| first_string(credentials, &["plan_type", "planType"])),
+        chatgpt_account_id: None,
+        chatgpt_user_id: None,
+        authentication: parse_oauth_import_tokens(value)?,
+        status: first_string(value, &["status"]),
+    })
+}
+
 fn parse_agent_identity_account(
    value: &Value,
 ) -> Result<ParsedCodexImportAccount, CodexCredentialAdminError> {
@@ -1126,6 +1197,7 @@ fn parse_oauth_import_tokens(
 ) -> Result<ParsedCodexAuthentication, CodexCredentialAdminError> {
    let mut access_token = None;
    let mut refresh_token = None;
+    let mut id_token = None;
    let mut pending = vec![value];
    while let Some(current) = pending.pop() {
        match current {
@@ -1134,18 +1206,14 @@ fn parse_oauth_import_tokens(
                    let token = match key.as_str() {
                        "access_token" | "accessToken" | "at" | "token" => &mut access_token,
                        "refresh_token" | "refreshToken" | "rt" => &mut refresh_token,
+                        "id_token" | "idToken" => &mut id_token,
                        _ => {
                            pending.push(value);
                            continue;
                        }
                    };
-                    let value = value
-                        .as_str()
-                        .map(str::trim)
-                        .filter(|value| !value.is_empty())
-                        .ok_or(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidCredential)?;
-                    if token.replace(value.to_owned()).is_some() {
-                        return Err(CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput);
+                    if let Some(value) = value.as_str() {
+                        *token = Some(value.to_owned());
                    }
                }
            }
@@ -1159,6 +1227,7 @@ fn parse_oauth_import_tokens(
    Ok(ParsedCodexAuthentication::OAuth {
        access_token,
        refresh_token,
+        id_token,
    })
 }

@@ -1202,14 +1271,25 @@ fn first_string(value: &Value, keys: &[&str]) -> Option<String> {
        .map(str::to_owned)
 }

-fn normalize_bearer(value: &str) -> String {
+fn apply_import_metadata(metadata: &mut CodexOAuthMetadata, candidate: &ParsedCodexImportAccount) {
+    if metadata.email.is_none() {
+        metadata.email = candidate
+            .email
+            .as_deref()
+            .and_then(|value| normalize_import_text(value, MAX_IMPORT_EMAIL_BYTES));
+    }
+    if metadata.chatgpt_plan_type.is_none() {
+        metadata.chatgpt_plan_type = candidate
+            .plan_type
+            .as_deref()
+            .and_then(|value| normalize_import_text(value, MAX_IMPORT_PLAN_BYTES));
+    }
+}
+
+fn normalize_import_text(value: &str, max_bytes: usize) -> Option<String> {
    let value = value.trim();
-    value
-        .strip_prefix("Bearer ")
-        .or_else(|| value.strip_prefix("bearer "))
-        .unwrap_or(value)
-        .trim()
-        .to_owned()
+    (!value.is_empty() && value.len() <= max_bytes && !value.chars().any(char::is_control))
+        .then(|| value.to_owned())
 }

 fn import_runtime_state(
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ mod affinity;
 mod agent_identity;
 mod catalog;
 mod cookie;
-mod identity;
 mod oauth;
 mod quota;
+mod recovery_log;
 mod refresh;
 mod repository;
 mod security;
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ mod selector;
 pub mod token_client;
 mod types;

-pub(crate) use admin::refresh_time;
 pub(crate) use affinity::{
    derive_codex_cyber_policy_session_key, derive_codex_session_affinity_key,
 };
@@ -38,13 +37,6 @@ pub use catalog::{
    CodexCredentialCatalogSnapshot, CodexPlanCatalog,
 };
 pub use cookie::{CodexCookiePolicy, CookiePolicyError};
-pub use identity::{
-    CodexAccountIdentityService, CodexAccountIdentityVerifier, CodexAuthenticatedAccount,
-    CodexAuthenticatedAccountSource, CodexIdentityExpectation, CodexIdentityVerification,
-    CodexIdentityVerificationError, CodexJwksSource, CodexJwtIdentityVerifier, CodexSignedIdentity,
-    CodexSignedIdentityVerifier, OFFICIAL_OPENAI_API_AUDIENCE, OFFICIAL_OPENAI_ISSUER,
-    OFFICIAL_OPENAI_JWKS_URI, ReqwestCodexAuthenticatedAccountSource, ReqwestOpenAiJwksSource,
-};
 pub use oauth::{
    CodexOAuthAdmin, CodexOAuthAdminError, CodexOAuthAdminService, CodexOAuthAuthorizationStarted,
    CodexOAuthPendingClaimOutcome, CodexOAuthPendingStore, CodexOAuthPendingStoreError,
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 //! Codex Authorization Code + PKCE/OIDC 管理流。

-use std::{fmt, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
+use std::{
+    fmt,
+    sync::Arc,
+    time::{Duration, SystemTime},
+};

 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD};
@@ -13,9 +17,8 @@ use gateway_admin::model::{
    },
 };
 use gateway_core::engine::credential::{
-    NewProviderAccount, ProviderAccountId, ProviderAccountStore,
+    LoadedCredential, NewProviderAccount, ProviderAccountId, ProviderAccountStore,
 };
-use gateway_core::provider_ports::ProviderRuntimePolicyPort;
 use secrecy::{ExposeSecret, SecretString};
 use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
 use subtle::ConstantTimeEq as _;
@@ -23,16 +26,16 @@ use url::Url;
 use uuid::Uuid;

 use super::admin::{
-    CodexCredentialAdmin, CodexCredentialAdminError, ImportCodexOAuthCredential,
-    PreparedCodexCredentialRotation, RotateManagedCodexCredential, refresh_time,
-};
-use super::identity::{
-    CodexAccountIdentityVerifier, CodexIdentityExpectation, CodexIdentityVerificationError,
+    CodexCredentialAdmin, CodexCredentialAdminError, PreparedCodexCredentialRotation,
+    UnresolvedCodexOAuthCredential,
 };
+use super::recovery_log::{CodexOAuthRecoveryOperation, record_oauth_recovery};
+use super::security::CodexCredentialCodec;
 use super::token_client::{
    AuthorizationCodeExchangeError, AuthorizationCodeExchanger, AuthorizationCodeGrant,
    OFFICIAL_CODEX_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID, OFFICIAL_CODEX_REDIRECT_URI,
 };
+use super::types::parse_id_token_metadata;

 const AUTHORIZATION_ENDPOINT: &str = "https://auth.openai.com/oauth/authorize";
 const AUTHORIZATION_SCOPE: &str = "openid profile email offline_access";
@@ -316,8 +319,6 @@ pub enum CodexOAuthAdminError {
    CallbackRejected,
    #[error("Codex OAuth token exchange was rejected")]
    TokenRejected,
-    #[error("Codex OAuth identity verification was rejected")]
-    IdentityRejected,
    #[error("Codex OAuth upstream is unavailable")]
    UpstreamUnavailable,
    #[error("Codex OAuth exchange send state is ambiguous")]
@@ -344,9 +345,7 @@ pub trait CodexOAuthAdmin: Send + Sync {
 pub struct CodexOAuthAdminService {
    pending: Arc<dyn CodexOAuthPendingStore>,
    exchanger: Arc<dyn AuthorizationCodeExchanger>,
-    verifier: Arc<dyn CodexAccountIdentityVerifier>,
    store: Arc<dyn ProviderAccountStore>,
-    runtime_policy: Arc<dyn ProviderRuntimePolicyPort>,
    credentials: CodexCredentialAdmin,
    oauth_client_id: String,
 }
@@ -396,17 +395,13 @@ impl CodexOAuthAdminService {
    pub fn new(
        pending: Arc<dyn CodexOAuthPendingStore>,
        exchanger: Arc<dyn AuthorizationCodeExchanger>,
-        verifier: Arc<dyn CodexAccountIdentityVerifier>,
        store: Arc<dyn ProviderAccountStore>,
-        runtime_policy: Arc<dyn ProviderRuntimePolicyPort>,
        credentials: CodexCredentialAdmin,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            pending,
            exchanger,
-            verifier,
            store,
-            runtime_policy,
            credentials,
            oauth_client_id: OFFICIAL_CODEX_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID.to_owned(),
        }
@@ -487,8 +482,6 @@ impl CodexOAuthAdminService {
        callback_url: &str,
    ) -> Result<(PendingAuthorizationMutation, CompletedCodexOAuthCredential), CodexOAuthAdminError>
    {
-        let (mut secret, id_token) = self.exchange_pending(&pending, callback_url).await?;
-        let mutation = pending.mutation.clone();
        let current = if let Some(target) = pending.reauthorization() {
            let current = self
                .store
@@ -499,56 +492,43 @@ impl CodexOAuthAdminService {
        } else {
            None
        };
-        let expectation = CodexIdentityExpectation::default();
-        let profile = self
-            .verifier
-            .verify_authorization(&secret, &id_token, &pending.nonce, &expectation)
-            .await
-            .and_then(super::identity::CodexIdentityVerification::into_complete)
-            .map_err(map_identity_error)?;
+        let fallback_refresh_token = current
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(current_oauth_refresh_token)
+            .transpose()?
+            .flatten();
+        let (mut secret, id_token, expires_in) = self
+            .exchange_pending(&pending, callback_url, fallback_refresh_token)
+            .await?;
+        let mutation = pending.mutation.clone();
+        let access_token_expires_at = expires_in
+            .and_then(|expires_in| SystemTime::now().checked_add(expires_in))
+            .map(DateTime::<Utc>::from);
+        let metadata = parse_id_token_metadata(id_token.expose_secret())
+            .map_err(|_| CodexOAuthAdminError::TokenRejected)?;
        secret.id_token = Some(id_token);
-        let policy = self
-            .runtime_policy
-            .load_refresh_policy()
-            .await
-            .map_err(|_| CodexOAuthAdminError::StorageUnavailable)?;
        let credential = if let Some(current) = current {
-            let next_refresh_at = refresh_time(
-                policy,
-                current.account.id(),
-                profile.access_token_expires_at,
-                secret.refresh_token.is_some(),
-            )
-            .map_err(map_admin_error)?;
            CompletedCodexOAuthCredential::Reauthorize(
                self.credentials
-                    .prepare_reauthorization(RotateManagedCodexCredential {
+                    .prepare_refreshed_oauth_rotation(
                        current,
                        secret,
-                        verified_account: profile,
-                        next_refresh_at,
-                    })
+                        access_token_expires_at,
+                        None,
+                    )
                    .map_err(map_admin_error)?,
            )
        } else {
            let account_id = format!("acct_{}", Uuid::now_v7().simple());
-            let typed_account_id = ProviderAccountId::new(account_id.clone())
-                .map_err(|_| CodexOAuthAdminError::Credential)?;
-            let next_refresh_at = refresh_time(
-                policy,
-                &typed_account_id,
-                profile.access_token_expires_at,
-                secret.refresh_token.is_some(),
-            )
-            .map_err(map_admin_error)?;
            CompletedCodexOAuthCredential::Create(
                self.credentials
-                    .prepare_import(ImportCodexOAuthCredential {
+                    .prepare_unresolved_oauth(UnresolvedCodexOAuthCredential {
                        account_id,
                        name: pending.name,
                        secret,
-                        verified_account: profile,
-                        next_refresh_at,
+                        metadata,
+                        access_token_expires_at,
+                        next_refresh_at: None,
                        enabled: true,
                    })
                    .map_err(map_admin_error)?,
@@ -654,7 +634,15 @@ impl CodexOAuthAdminService {
        &self,
        pending: &CodexPendingAuthorization,
        callback_url: &str,
-    ) -> Result<(super::types::CodexOAuthSecret, SecretString), CodexOAuthAdminError> {
+        fallback_refresh_token: Option<SecretString>,
+    ) -> Result<
+        (
+            super::types::CodexOAuthSecret,
+            SecretString,
+            Option<Duration>,
+        ),
+        CodexOAuthAdminError,
+    > {
        let (code, callback_state) = callback_parts(callback_url)?;
        if !constant_time_equal(
            pending.state.expose_secret().as_bytes(),
@@ -670,10 +658,36 @@ impl CodexOAuthAdminService {
            })
            .await
            .map_err(map_exchange_error)?;
-        Ok((tokens.secret, tokens.id_token))
+        let mut secret = tokens.secret;
+        if secret.refresh_token.is_none() {
+            secret.refresh_token = fallback_refresh_token;
+        }
+        record_oauth_recovery(
+            CodexOAuthRecoveryOperation::AuthorizationCode,
+            pending
+                .reauthorization()
+                .map(|account_id| account_id.as_str()),
+            secret.access_token.expose_secret(),
+            secret
+                .refresh_token
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(ExposeSecret::expose_secret),
+        );
+        Ok((secret, tokens.id_token, tokens.expires_in))
    }
 }

+fn current_oauth_refresh_token(
+    current: &LoadedCredential,
+) -> Result<Option<SecretString>, CodexOAuthAdminError> {
+    let runtime = CodexCredentialCodec::decode(&current.credential)
+        .map_err(|_| CodexOAuthAdminError::Credential)?;
+    Ok(runtime
+        .authentication
+        .oauth()
+        .and_then(|oauth| oauth.refresh_token.clone()))
+}
+
 fn authorization_url(
    pending: &CodexPendingAuthorization,
    oauth_client_id: &str,
@@ -699,27 +713,19 @@ fn authorization_url(

 fn callback_parts(value: &str) -> Result<(SecretString, SecretString), CodexOAuthAdminError> {
    let url = Url::parse(value).map_err(|_| CodexOAuthAdminError::CallbackRejected)?;
-    if url.scheme() != "http"
-        || url.host_str() != Some("localhost")
-        || url.port() != Some(1455)
-        || url.path() != "/auth/callback"
-        || url.fragment().is_some()
-    {
-        return Err(CodexOAuthAdminError::CallbackRejected);
-    }
    let mut code = None;
    let mut state = None;
    for (key, value) in url.query_pairs() {
        match key.as_ref() {
            "code" => set_unique_callback_parameter(&mut code, value.into_owned())?,
            "state" => set_unique_callback_parameter(&mut state, value.into_owned())?,
-            // OAuth 服务可能附加 `scope`、`iss` 等标准参数。
-            // 固定回调地址与唯一的 `code`/`state` 才是安全边界，无关参数不参与校验。
+            // 回调地址只承载 query 参数；安全绑定由唯一的 code/state、
+            // 服务端保存的 state 和 PKCE token exchange 共同完成。
            _ => {}
        }
    }
-    let code = code.filter(|value| valid_secret(value));
-    let state = state.filter(|value| valid_secret(value));
+    let code = code.filter(|value| !value.is_empty());
+    let state = state.filter(|value| !value.is_empty());
    match (code, state) {
        (Some(code), Some(state)) => Ok((SecretString::from(code), SecretString::from(state))),
        _ => Err(CodexOAuthAdminError::CallbackRejected),
@@ -813,13 +819,6 @@ fn map_exchange_error(error: AuthorizationCodeExchangeError) -> CodexOAuthAdminE
    }
 }

-fn map_identity_error(error: CodexIdentityVerificationError) -> CodexOAuthAdminError {
-    match error {
-        CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected => CodexOAuthAdminError::IdentityRejected,
-        CodexIdentityVerificationError::Unavailable => CodexOAuthAdminError::UpstreamUnavailable,
-    }
-}
-
 fn map_admin_error(_: CodexCredentialAdminError) -> CodexOAuthAdminError {
    CodexOAuthAdminError::Credential
 }
@@ -36,7 +36,10 @@ use crate::transport::{CodexBackendClient, CodexClientError, CodexRequestContext

 use super::agent_identity::{CodexAgentIdentityTaskService, PreparedCodexRuntimeCredential};
 use super::repository::{CodexCredentialRepository, CredentialRepositoryError};
-use recovery::{quota_state_transition, quota_success_state};
+use recovery::{
+    authoritative_quota_snapshot_state, quota_state_reason, quota_state_transition,
+    quota_success_state,
+};
 use snapshot::{
    parse_account_quota_snapshot, quota_projection_ttl, quota_snapshot_from_observation,
    scheduling_signals_from_snapshot,
@@ -46,6 +49,8 @@ const DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_COOLDOWN: Duration = Duration::from_secs(60);
 pub(crate) const QUOTA_SCHEDULING_TTL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10 * 60);
 const QUOTA_HYDRATION_FAILURE_TTL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
 const QUOTA_PERIODIC_REFRESH_MIN_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30 * 60);
+/// 首次 OAuth 异步观察失败时，由既有 quota worker 兜底重试的单轮上限。
+const INITIAL_QUOTA_SYNC_BATCH: usize = 100;
 // 5xx 上游拒绝的短退避重试预算；指数退避 1s/2s，吞掉瞬时抖动。
 const QUOTA_FETCH_5XX_MAX_RETRIES: u32 = 2;
 const QUOTA_FETCH_5XX_BASE_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1);
@@ -335,7 +340,7 @@ fn quota_refresh_candidate(
    now: SystemTime,
    limit_reached: bool,
 ) -> Option<ProviderAccount> {
-    // 定时器只兜底「已耗尽（402）」或「任一窗口触顶（limit_reached 死锁）」账号，
+    // 定时器只兜底已耗尽或任一窗口触顶的账号；
    // 正常账号由真实请求的响应头被动同步。
    (eligible_periodic_quota_refresh(&account, now)
        && (account.availability() == AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted || limit_reached))
@@ -395,7 +400,7 @@ impl CodexCredentialQuotaService {
        }
    }

-    /// 写入新快照前读取已确认耗尽窗口的 reset，用于判断窗口是否真的推进。
+    /// 写入新快照前读取 core primary 已确认耗尽窗口的 reset，用于判断该窗口是否真的推进。
    async fn previous_confirmed_reset(&self, account: &ProviderAccount) -> Option<SystemTime> {
        let observations = self
            .store
@@ -407,7 +412,10 @@ impl CodexCredentialQuotaService {
                && observation.expected_revision == account.revision()
        })?;
        let snapshot = quota_snapshot_from_observation(&observation)?;
-        snapshot.fact().resets_at().map(SystemTime::from)
+        snapshot
+            .core_primary_window()
+            .and_then(|window| window.reset_at())
+            .map(SystemTime::from)
    }

    /// 将已确认的额度拒绝投影为 100%，使展示、调度和恢复共用同一窗口事实。
@@ -430,7 +438,10 @@ impl CodexCredentialQuotaService {
            .and_then(|observation| observation.quota)
            .map(OpaqueProviderData::into_inner)
            .unwrap_or_default();
-        let quota = confirmed_exhaustion_projection(existing, reset_at);
+        let quota = confirmed_exhaustion_projection(
+            normalize_quota_window_placeholders(existing),
+            reset_at,
+        );
        let observed_at = SystemTime::now();
        let outcome = self
            .store
@@ -504,7 +515,17 @@ impl CodexCredentialQuotaService {
        let accounts = self.repository.list_for_provider().await?;
        let mut summary = CodexQuotaSyncSummary::default();
        let now = SystemTime::now();
-        let accounts = self.scheduling.reserve_periodic_refreshes(accounts, now);
+        let initial = self.initial_quota_sync_accounts(&accounts, now).await?;
+        let periodic = self.scheduling.reserve_periodic_refreshes(accounts, now);
+        let accounts = initial
+            .into_iter()
+            .chain(periodic)
+            .fold(BTreeMap::new(), |mut unique, account| {
+                unique.insert(account.id().clone(), account);
+                unique
+            })
+            .into_values()
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        if accounts.is_empty() {
            return Ok(summary);
        }
@@ -545,23 +566,25 @@ impl CodexCredentialQuotaService {
                        // 402：真额度耗尽，写入 QuotaExhausted（worker 按 reset_at 自动恢复）。
                        Some(AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted) => {
                            summary.exhausted += 1;
-                            let _ = self
-                                .repository
-                                .apply_state(
-                                    &account,
-                                    AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted,
-                                    observed_at,
-                                )
-                                .await;
+                            self.persist_upstream_state(
+                                &account,
+                                AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted,
+                                &error,
+                                observed_at,
+                            )
+                            .await;
                        }
                        Some(AccountAvailability::Banned) => {
                            summary.banned += 1;
-                            let _ = self
-                                .repository
-                                .apply_state(&account, AccountAvailability::Banned, observed_at)
-                                .await;
+                            self.persist_upstream_state(
+                                &account,
+                                AccountAvailability::Banned,
+                                &error,
+                                observed_at,
+                            )
+                            .await;
                        }
-                        // 429/503 等临时拒绝：不写 availability（限流不改变账号可用性），仅记失败待重试。
+                        // usage 401/403 与 429/503 都不写 availability；前者等待 OAuth 或真实请求确认。
                        None | Some(_) => {
                            summary.transient += 1;
                            tracing::warn!(
@@ -577,6 +600,31 @@ impl CodexCredentialQuotaService {
        Ok(summary)
    }

+    /// `quota_observed_at` 为空代表首次异步观察尚未成功；不另建同步状态表。
+    async fn initial_quota_sync_accounts(
+        &self,
+        accounts: &[ProviderAccount],
+        now: SystemTime,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<ProviderAccount>, CodexCredentialQuotaError> {
+        let account_ids = accounts
+            .iter()
+            .map(|account| account.id().clone())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let observed = self.store.get_quotas(&account_ids).await?;
+        let observed_ids = observed
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter_map(|observation| observation.observed_at.map(|_| observation.account_id))
+            .collect::<BTreeSet<_>>();
+        Ok(accounts
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|account| {
+                !observed_ids.contains(account.id()) && eligible_initial_quota_sync(account, now)
+            })
+            .take(INITIAL_QUOTA_SYNC_BATCH)
+            .cloned()
+            .collect())
+    }
+
    /// 解析并 revision-fenced 落库单账号的 Provider quota JSON。
    async fn apply_fetched_quota(
        &self,
@@ -591,25 +639,24 @@ impl CodexCredentialQuotaService {
            observed_at,
            value,
        )?;
-        let refreshed_fact = refreshed_snapshot.fact();
        let previous_reset_at = self.previous_confirmed_reset(account).await;
-        let now = SystemTime::now();
-        let object = value
-            .as_object()
-            .cloned()
-            .ok_or(CodexCredentialQuotaError::InvalidCredentialData)?;
+        let object = normalize_quota_window_placeholders(
+            value
+                .as_object()
+                .cloned()
+                .ok_or(CodexCredentialQuotaError::InvalidCredentialData)?,
+        );
        let object = if account.availability() == AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted
            && quota_success_state(
                account.availability(),
-                refreshed_fact,
+                &refreshed_snapshot,
                previous_reset_at,
-                now,
            )
            .is_none()
        {
            confirmed_exhaustion_projection(
                object,
-                confirmed_exhaustion_reset_at(previous_reset_at, refreshed_fact),
+                confirmed_exhaustion_reset_at(previous_reset_at, &refreshed_snapshot),
            )
        } else {
            object
@@ -649,11 +696,10 @@ impl CodexCredentialQuotaService {
        } else {
            summary.updated += 1;
        }
-        if let Some(availability) = quota_success_state(
+        if let Some(availability) = authoritative_quota_snapshot_state(
            current.availability(),
-            refreshed_fact,
+            &refreshed_snapshot,
            previous_reset_at,
-            now,
        ) {
            let _ = self
                .repository
@@ -720,13 +766,18 @@ impl CodexCredentialQuotaService {
        }
        let quota = merge_passive_quota(existing, &rate_limits);
        let observed_at = SystemTime::now();
-        let refreshed_fact = parse_codex_quota_usage(&Value::Object(quota.clone()))?;
+        let refreshed_snapshot = parse_account_quota_snapshot(
+            account.id().clone(),
+            account.revision(),
+            observed_at,
+            &Value::Object(quota.clone()),
+        )?;
        let quota = if account.availability() == AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted {
            // 被动成功响应不能解除确认额度耗尽；继续展示 100%，直到权威 usage 快照
            // 证明旧 reset 已跨过且新窗口已经推进。
            confirmed_exhaustion_projection(
                quota,
-                confirmed_exhaustion_reset_at(previous_reset_at, refreshed_fact),
+                confirmed_exhaustion_reset_at(previous_reset_at, &refreshed_snapshot),
            )
        } else {
            quota
@@ -906,11 +957,9 @@ impl CodexCredentialQuotaService {
                    });
                }
                Err(CodexQuotaFetchError::Upstream { account, error }) => {
-                    // 402/deactivated → 写终态；429/503 等临时拒绝不写 availability（限流不改变账号可用性）。
+                    // 402 与明确的停用错误写对应状态；usage 401/403 不写 availability。
                    if let Some(availability) = quota_state_transition(&error) {
-                        let _ = self
-                            .repository
-                            .apply_state(&account, availability, observed_at)
+                        self.persist_upstream_state(&account, availability, &error, observed_at)
                            .await;
                    }
                    return Err(CodexCredentialQuotaError::Upstream {
@@ -924,25 +973,24 @@ impl CodexCredentialQuotaService {
            observed_at,
            &value,
        )?;
-        let refreshed_fact = refreshed_snapshot.fact();
        let previous_reset_at = self.previous_confirmed_reset(&account).await;
-        let now = SystemTime::now();
-        let object = value
-            .as_object()
-            .cloned()
-            .ok_or(CodexCredentialQuotaError::InvalidCredentialData)?;
+        let object = normalize_quota_window_placeholders(
+            value
+                .as_object()
+                .cloned()
+                .ok_or(CodexCredentialQuotaError::InvalidCredentialData)?,
+        );
        let object = if account.availability() == AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted
            && quota_success_state(
                account.availability(),
-                refreshed_fact,
+                &refreshed_snapshot,
                previous_reset_at,
-                now,
            )
            .is_none()
        {
            confirmed_exhaustion_projection(
                object,
-                confirmed_exhaustion_reset_at(previous_reset_at, refreshed_fact),
+                confirmed_exhaustion_reset_at(previous_reset_at, &refreshed_snapshot),
            )
        } else {
            object
@@ -976,11 +1024,10 @@ impl CodexCredentialQuotaService {
            return Err(CodexCredentialQuotaError::RevisionConflict);
        }
        self.scheduling.observe(&snapshot);
-        if let Some(availability) = quota_success_state(
+        if let Some(availability) = authoritative_quota_snapshot_state(
            current.availability(),
-            refreshed_fact,
+            &refreshed_snapshot,
            previous_reset_at,
-            now,
        ) {
            self.repository
                .apply_state(&current, availability, observed_at)
@@ -989,6 +1036,29 @@ impl CodexCredentialQuotaService {
        Ok(snapshot)
    }

+    async fn persist_upstream_state(
+        &self,
+        account: &ProviderAccount,
+        availability: AccountAvailability,
+        upstream_error: &CodexClientError,
+        observed_at: SystemTime,
+    ) {
+        let reason = quota_state_reason(upstream_error).map(str::to_owned);
+        if let Err(error) = self
+            .repository
+            .apply_state_with_message(account, availability, observed_at, reason.clone())
+            .await
+        {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                account_id = %account.id(),
+                ?availability,
+                reason = reason.as_deref().unwrap_or_default(),
+                error = %error,
+                "OpenAI quota upstream state write failed"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
    async fn fetch_usage_with_recovery(
        &self,
        client: &CodexBackendClient,
@@ -1090,6 +1160,15 @@ fn eligible_periodic_quota_refresh(account: &ProviderAccount, now: SystemTime) -
    account.enabled() && access_token_is_current(account, now)
 }

+fn eligible_initial_quota_sync(account: &ProviderAccount, now: SystemTime) -> bool {
+    // 首次观察只兜底刚入库、尚无 quota 快照的账号。已耗尽等运行时状态必须由
+    // periodic 路径处理，才能保留同一账号的最小复核间隔。
+    matches!(
+        account.availability(),
+        AccountAvailability::Ready | AccountAvailability::Unknown
+    ) && eligible_periodic_quota_refresh(account, now)
+}
+
 fn access_token_is_current(account: &ProviderAccount, now: SystemTime) -> bool {
    account
        .access_token_expires_at()
@@ -1181,6 +1260,43 @@ fn merge_passive_quota(
    quota
 }

+/// 丢弃 core 限额中上游给出的无事实 `secondary_window` 占位。
+///
+/// 生产响应头可能携带 `used_percent=0`、零时长和空 reset 的占位，`/usage` 也会
+/// 返回 `secondary_window: null`。正常被动同步保留该响应事实，Admin 展示会将其
+/// 隐藏；但主动 `/usage` 刷新或 402 确认投影会把一个存在但无事实的字段写成
+/// 100%，从而显示并不存在的“次级额度”。因此这些非被动写入口在落库前移除
+/// 无事实值。带 reset、时长、正用量、触顶、未知或非法字段的次级窗口均完全按
+/// 原有额度逻辑保留。
+fn normalize_quota_window_placeholders(mut quota: Map<String, Value>) -> Map<String, Value> {
+    if let Some(rate_limit) = quota.get_mut("rate_limit").and_then(Value::as_object_mut) {
+        drop_secondary_window_placeholder(rate_limit);
+    }
+    quota
+}
+
+fn drop_secondary_window_placeholder(rate_limit: &mut Map<String, Value>) {
+    let placeholder = rate_limit.get("secondary_window").is_some_and(|window| {
+        window.is_null()
+            || window
+                .as_object()
+                .is_some_and(secondary_window_is_placeholder)
+    });
+    if placeholder {
+        rate_limit.remove("secondary_window");
+    }
+}
+
+fn secondary_window_is_placeholder(window: &Map<String, Value>) -> bool {
+    window.iter().all(|(field, value)| match field.as_str() {
+        "used_percent" => value
+            .as_f64()
+            .is_some_and(|used_percent| used_percent.is_finite() && used_percent == 0.0),
+        "limit_reached" => value.as_bool() == Some(false),
+        _ => false,
+    })
+}
+
 /// 用已确认的上游额度拒绝覆盖 core 限额投影。
 ///
 /// 上游 usage 快照可能在结算期间短暂滞后为 98/99% 或 `allowed=true`；保留其他
@@ -1219,11 +1335,16 @@ fn confirmed_exhaustion_projection(
 /// 否则保留已确认失败的旧窗口，避免 98/99% 快照反向解锁。
 fn confirmed_exhaustion_reset_at(
    previous_reset_at: Option<SystemTime>,
-    refreshed_fact: CodexQuotaFact,
+    refreshed_snapshot: &CodexAccountQuotaSnapshot,
 ) -> Option<i64> {
-    let refreshed_reset_at = refreshed_fact.resets_at().map(SystemTime::from);
+    let refreshed_reset_at = refreshed_snapshot
+        .core_primary_window()
+        .and_then(|window| window.reset_at())
+        .map(SystemTime::from);
    let reset_at = match (previous_reset_at, refreshed_reset_at) {
-        (Some(previous), Some(refreshed)) if refreshed_fact.exhausted() && refreshed > previous => {
+        (Some(previous), Some(refreshed))
+            if refreshed_snapshot.fact().exhausted() && refreshed > previous =>
+        {
            refreshed
        }
        (Some(previous), _) => previous,
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-//! 确认额度耗尽后的恢复证据与 availability 转换。
+//! 权威额度快照的 availability 转换。
 //!
-//! `QuotaExhausted -> Ready` 只能由同一 credential revision 的权威 usage 快照证明：
-//! 已确认的旧窗口 reset 已到期，且新快照的 reset 已推进到下一窗口。
+//! 已触顶的 core primary 会立即把可调度账号标为 `QuotaExhausted`；
+//! `QuotaExhausted -> Ready` 则只能由同一 credential revision 的权威 usage 快照证明：
+//! 新快照未耗尽、core primary reset 已推进到下一窗口，且该窗口用量低于 10%。

 use std::time::SystemTime;

@@ -9,26 +10,54 @@ use gateway_core::engine::credential::AccountAvailability;
 use reqwest::StatusCode;
 use serde_json::Value;

-use super::snapshot::CodexQuotaFact;
+use super::snapshot::CodexAccountQuotaSnapshot;
 use crate::transport::CodexClientError;

-/// 只处理 `QuotaExhausted` 的恢复。`allowed=true`、成功响应和百分比回落都不能单独
-/// 覆盖一次已确认的额度拒绝；它们在 reset 未推进时可能只是上游滞后的观测。
+const RESET_RECOVERY_MAX_USED_PERCENT: f64 = 10.0;
+
+/// 基于成功的权威 usage 快照收敛可调度账号的额度状态。
 ///
-/// `previous_reset_at` 是写入新快照前读取的已确认耗尽窗口。恢复必须同时满足：
-/// 旧窗口已经到期，且权威快照的 reset 指向比旧窗口更晚的新周期。
+/// 只接受上游明确拒绝使用且 core primary 触顶的证据；secondary、附加桶、
+/// credits 与 spend control 都不能单独把整个账号标成额度耗尽。
+pub(crate) fn authoritative_quota_snapshot_state(
+    current: AccountAvailability,
+    snapshot: &CodexAccountQuotaSnapshot,
+    previous_reset_at: Option<SystemTime>,
+) -> Option<AccountAvailability> {
+    match current {
+        AccountAvailability::Ready | AccountAvailability::Unknown
+            if snapshot.authoritative_core_primary_exhausted() =>
+        {
+            Some(AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted)
+        }
+        AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted => {
+            quota_success_state(current, snapshot, previous_reset_at)
+        }
+        AccountAvailability::Ready | AccountAvailability::Unknown => None,
+        AccountAvailability::Expired
+        | AccountAvailability::Banned
+        | AccountAvailability::Invalid => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// 只处理 `QuotaExhausted` 的恢复。`allowed=true`、成功响应和百分比回落都不能单独覆盖
+/// 一次已确认的额度拒绝；它们在 reset 未推进时可能只是上游滞后的观测。
+///
+/// `previous_reset_at` 是写入新快照前读取的 core primary 已确认耗尽窗口。上游可能只
+/// 调整 reset 时间而尚未重置额度，因此还要求同一新鲜 primary 窗口的用量低于 10%。
 pub(crate) fn quota_success_state(
    current: AccountAvailability,
-    fact: CodexQuotaFact,
+    snapshot: &CodexAccountQuotaSnapshot,
    previous_reset_at: Option<SystemTime>,
-    now: SystemTime,
 ) -> Option<AccountAvailability> {
-    if current != AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted || fact.exhausted() {
+    if current != AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted || snapshot.fact().exhausted() {
        return None;
    }
    let previous_reset_at = previous_reset_at?;
-    let refreshed_reset_at = fact.resets_at().map(SystemTime::from)?;
-    (previous_reset_at <= now && refreshed_reset_at > previous_reset_at)
+    let primary_window = snapshot.core_primary_window()?;
+    let refreshed_reset_at = primary_window.reset_at().map(SystemTime::from)?;
+    let used_percent = primary_window.used_percent()?;
+    (refreshed_reset_at > previous_reset_at && used_percent < RESET_RECOVERY_MAX_USED_PERCENT)
        .then_some(AccountAvailability::Ready)
 }

@@ -42,14 +71,28 @@ pub(crate) fn quota_state_transition(error: &CodexClientError) -> Option<Account
    match *status {
        // 402：真额度耗尽 → QuotaExhausted（worker 按 reset_at 自动恢复）。
        StatusCode::PAYMENT_REQUIRED => Some(AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted),
-        // 429/503：临时限流，不写 availability（限流不改变账号可用性），由 quota 数据驱动。
-        StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS | StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE => None,
-        // quota/usage 接口只能产生额度域状态；鉴权拒绝不具备判定 RT
-        // 永久失效的证据，终态只能由 OAuth refresh/身份校验状态机写入。
+        // usage 401/403 不能单独判定账号不可用：保持现有状态，交给 OAuth 或真实请求确认。
+        // 429/503 同样不写 availability，仅记失败待重试。
+        StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED
+        | StatusCode::FORBIDDEN
+        | StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS
+        | StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE => None,
        _ => None,
    }
 }

+/// 配额接口将账号变为非 ready 状态时可安全持久化的上游原因码。
+pub(crate) fn quota_state_reason(error: &CodexClientError) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    match quota_state_transition(error)? {
+        AccountAvailability::Banned => Some("deactivated_workspace"),
+        AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted => Some("payment_required"),
+        AccountAvailability::Unknown
+        | AccountAvailability::Ready
+        | AccountAvailability::Expired
+        | AccountAvailability::Invalid => None,
+    }
+}
+
 fn is_deactivated_workspace(body: &str) -> bool {
    serde_json::from_str::<Value>(body)
        .ok()
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ use serde_json::{Map, Value};

 use super::{CodexCredentialQuotaError, QUOTA_SCHEDULING_TTL};

+const CORE_PRIMARY_WINDOW_KEY: &str = "core-primary";
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct CodexQuotaFact {
    remaining_percent: Option<u8>,
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ pub enum CodexQuotaWindowRole {
 pub struct CodexQuotaWindow {
    key: String,
    source: String,
+    account_wide: bool,
    /// 上游提供的限流桶名称（`metered_feature`/`limit_name`/`limitId`）；用于非核心桶的展示前缀。
    limit_name: Option<String>,
    kind: CodexQuotaWindowKind,
@@ -60,6 +63,12 @@ impl CodexQuotaWindow {
        &self.source
    }

+    /// 该窗口是否覆盖账号全部 Codex 请求，可使用账号级本地用量聚合。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_account_wide(&self) -> bool {
+        self.account_wide
+    }
+
    #[must_use]
    pub fn limit_name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        self.limit_name.as_deref()
@@ -103,6 +112,7 @@ pub struct CodexAccountQuotaSnapshot {
    credential_revision: CredentialRevision,
    observed_at: SystemTime,
    fact: CodexQuotaFact,
+    authoritative_core_primary_exhausted: bool,
    windows: Vec<CodexQuotaWindow>,
 }

@@ -132,6 +142,19 @@ impl CodexAccountQuotaSnapshot {
        &self.windows
    }

+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn core_primary_window(&self) -> Option<&CodexQuotaWindow> {
+        self.windows
+            .iter()
+            .find(|window| window.key() == CORE_PRIMARY_WINDOW_KEY)
+    }
+
+    /// 上游成功 usage 明确拒绝请求，且 canonical core primary 已确认触顶。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) const fn authoritative_core_primary_exhausted(&self) -> bool {
+        self.authoritative_core_primary_exhausted
+    }
+
    /// 投影滚动已过期窗口：`reset_at` 已过的窗口 `used_percent=0`、
    /// `limit_reached=false`、`reset_at` 滚到下一个周期（reset 到期自动归零）。
    /// 只作用于展示/调度投影，不写回持久化 raw JSON。
@@ -307,30 +330,90 @@ pub(crate) fn parse_account_quota_snapshot(
    let object = usage
        .as_object()
        .ok_or(CodexCredentialQuotaError::InvalidCredentialData)?;
+    let authoritative_core_primary_exhausted = authoritative_core_primary_exhausted(object)?;
    let mut windows = Vec::new();
    for limit in canonical_rate_limits(object)? {
        parse_rate_limit_windows(
            &limit.key,
            &limit.source,
+            limit.account_wide,
            limit.limit_name.as_deref(),
            limit.rate_limit,
            &mut windows,
        )?;
    }
-    windows.sort_by(|left, right| left.key.cmp(&right.key));
+    windows.sort_by(|left, right| {
+        quota_source_order(left.source())
+            .cmp(&quota_source_order(right.source()))
+            .then_with(|| left.key.cmp(&right.key))
+    });
    Ok(CodexAccountQuotaSnapshot {
        account_id,
        credential_revision,
        observed_at,
        fact,
+        authoritative_core_primary_exhausted,
        windows,
    })
 }

+fn quota_source_order(source: &str) -> u8 {
+    match source {
+        "codex" => 0,
+        "code_review" => 1,
+        _ => 2,
+    }
+}
+
+/// 账号状态只能由顶层 canonical Codex 额度桶的明确拒绝来改变。
+///
+/// `fact.exhausted()` 和窗口 `limit_reached` 都会聚合或继承 secondary、附加桶等事实，
+/// 因此不能单独用来将整个账号标为 `QuotaExhausted`。
+fn authoritative_core_primary_exhausted(
+    usage: &Map<String, Value>,
+) -> Result<bool, CodexCredentialQuotaError> {
+    let Some(rate_limit) = usage.get("rate_limit") else {
+        return Ok(false);
+    };
+    if rate_limit.is_null() {
+        return Ok(false);
+    }
+    let rate_limit = rate_limit
+        .as_object()
+        .ok_or(CodexCredentialQuotaError::InvalidCredentialData)?;
+    if optional_bool(rate_limit, "allowed")? != Some(false) {
+        return Ok(false);
+    }
+    let Some(primary_window) = rate_limit.get("primary_window") else {
+        return Ok(false);
+    };
+    if primary_window.is_null() {
+        return Ok(false);
+    }
+    let primary_window = primary_window
+        .as_object()
+        .ok_or(CodexCredentialQuotaError::InvalidCredentialData)?;
+    let primary_window_reached = optional_bool(rate_limit, "limit_reached")?.unwrap_or(false)
+        || optional_bool(primary_window, "limit_reached")?.unwrap_or(false)
+        || primary_window
+            .get("used_percent")
+            .map(|value| {
+                value
+                    .as_f64()
+                    .filter(|value| value.is_finite() && *value >= 0.0)
+                    .map(|value| value >= 100.0)
+                    .ok_or(CodexCredentialQuotaError::InvalidCredentialData)
+            })
+            .transpose()?
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+    Ok(primary_window_reached)
+}
+
 /// 一个规范化后的限流桶：`key` 用于稳定区分窗口，`source` 用于展示分组。
 struct CanonicalRateLimit<'a> {
    key: String,
    source: String,
+    account_wide: bool,
    limit_name: Option<String>,
    rate_limit: &'a Value,
 }
@@ -348,6 +431,7 @@ fn canonical_rate_limits(
        limits.push(CanonicalRateLimit {
            key: "core".to_owned(),
            source: "codex".to_owned(),
+            account_wide: true,
            limit_name: None,
            rate_limit,
        });
@@ -359,6 +443,7 @@ fn canonical_rate_limits(
        limits.push(CanonicalRateLimit {
            key: "code-review".to_owned(),
            source: "code_review".to_owned(),
+            account_wide: false,
            limit_name: Some("code_review".to_owned()),
            rate_limit,
        });
@@ -389,6 +474,7 @@ fn canonical_rate_limits(
            // 避免同名 additional 产生重复前端 key。
            limits.push(CanonicalRateLimit {
                key: format!("additional-{index}-{source}"),
+                account_wide: is_codex_limit_id(&source),
                source,
                limit_name,
                rate_limit,
@@ -429,6 +515,7 @@ fn canonical_rate_limit_source(
 fn parse_rate_limit_windows(
    key_source: &str,
    source: &str,
+    account_wide: bool,
    limit_name: Option<&str>,
    value: &Value,
    output: &mut Vec<CodexQuotaWindow>,
@@ -487,6 +574,7 @@ fn parse_rate_limit_windows(
        output.push(CodexQuotaWindow {
            key: format!("{}-{}", quota_key(key_source), quota_role_name(role, kind)),
            source: source.to_owned(),
+            account_wide,
            limit_name: limit_name.map(str::to_owned),
            kind,
            role,
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+//! 成功取得 OAuth token 后写入独立恢复日志的记录。
+//!
+//! 此日志会刻意保存原始 AT/RT，避免后续数据库写入或校验失败时，已成功
+//! 交换的账号无法恢复。记录独立落盘，但沿用普通结构化日志的滚动和清理策略。
+
+const OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_TARGET: &str = "oauth_recovery";
+const OAUTH_RECOVERY_PROVIDER: &str = "openai";
+
+/// 产生可恢复 token 组的 OAuth 操作。
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) enum CodexOAuthRecoveryOperation {
+    /// 直接提供 AT/RT 的导入。
+    ImportDirect,
+    /// 仅提供 RT 的导入，先交换得到 AT。
+    ImportRefreshToken,
+    /// 管理员手动触发的 RT 交换。
+    ManualRefresh,
+    /// 调度器触发的 RT 交换。
+    ScheduledRefresh,
+    /// 授权码加 PKCE 的 token 交换。
+    AuthorizationCode,
+}
+
+impl CodexOAuthRecoveryOperation {
+    const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::ImportDirect => "import_direct",
+            Self::ImportRefreshToken => "import_refresh_token",
+            Self::ManualRefresh => "manual_refresh",
+            Self::ScheduledRefresh => "scheduled_refresh",
+            Self::AuthorizationCode => "authorization_code",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 将已取得的 AT/RT 写入独立恢复结构化日志。
+///
+/// 调用方必须在任何可能拒绝响应的本地校验、画像补全或数据库写入之前调用。
+/// 该调用不执行额外 I/O，也不返回业务错误。Host 负责恢复日志文件的分割、清理和
+/// 输出；日志系统不可用时按其既有策略处理，不能阻断 OAuth 业务流程。
+pub(crate) fn record_oauth_recovery(
+    operation: CodexOAuthRecoveryOperation,
+    account_id: Option<&str>,
+    access_token: &str,
+    refresh_token: Option<&str>,
+) {
+    let has_refresh_token = refresh_token.is_some();
+    let refresh_token = refresh_token.unwrap_or_default();
+    tracing::info!(
+        target: OAUTH_RECOVERY_LOG_TARGET,
+        event = "oauth_recovery",
+        provider = OAUTH_RECOVERY_PROVIDER,
+        operation = operation.as_str(),
+        account_id = account_id.unwrap_or_default(),
+        access_token,
+        refresh_token,
+        has_refresh_token,
+        "OAuth recovery token record"
+    );
+}
@@ -11,38 +11,123 @@ use gateway_core::provider_ports::{
    ProviderCredentialStatePort, ProviderLeaseAcquisition, ProviderLeasePort, ProviderLeaseRequest,
    ProviderRefreshCapacityRequest, ProviderRefreshLeaseRequest, ProviderRefreshPolicy,
    ProviderRuntimePolicyPort, ProviderStoreError, provider_refresh_backoff_at,
+    provider_refresh_retry_at,
 };
 use secrecy::{ExposeSecret, SecretString};
 use thiserror::Error;

-use super::identity::{
-    CodexAccountIdentityVerifier, CodexIdentityExpectation, CodexIdentityVerification,
-    CodexIdentityVerificationError,
-};
+use super::recovery_log::{CodexOAuthRecoveryOperation, record_oauth_recovery};
 use super::repository::{CodexCredentialRepository, CredentialRepositoryError};
 use super::token_client::{RefreshFailure, TokenPair, TokenRefresher};
-use super::types::{CodexCredentialPrincipal, CodexOAuthSecret, RotateCodexCredential};
+use super::types::CodexOAuthSecret;

 const PROVIDER_NAME: &str = "openai";
 const MAX_REFRESH_BATCH: u32 = 1_000;
 /// 连续失败计数窗口；每次瞬态失败刷新该 TTL，静默满窗后计数过期归零。
 const REFRESH_BACKOFF_WINDOW: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30 * 60);
+/// 窗口内先执行五次指数退避，再进入固定恢复周期。
+const REFRESH_BACKOFF_MAX_ATTEMPTS: u32 = 5;
+/// 耗尽指数退避后的 OAuth 恢复周期。
+const REFRESH_RECOVERY_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10 * 60);
+/// 过期 AT 仍允许 RT 恢复的最长窗口。
+const REFRESH_RECOVERY_WINDOW: Duration = Duration::from_secs(24 * 60 * 60);

-fn refresh_due_at(account: &ProviderAccount, now: SystemTime) -> Option<SystemTime> {
-    if let Some(expires_at) = account.access_token_expires_at()
-        && expires_at <= now
+pub(crate) fn refresh_recovery_deadline(
+    access_token_expires_at: Option<SystemTime>,
+) -> Option<SystemTime> {
+    access_token_expires_at.and_then(|expires_at| expires_at.checked_add(REFRESH_RECOVERY_WINDOW))
+}
+
+fn refresh_recovery_window_exhausted(
+    access_token_expires_at: Option<SystemTime>,
+    now: SystemTime,
+) -> bool {
+    refresh_recovery_deadline(access_token_expires_at).is_some_and(|deadline| deadline <= now)
+}
+
+fn bounded_refresh_retry_at(
+    retry_at: SystemTime,
+    access_token_expires_at: Option<SystemTime>,
+    observed_at: SystemTime,
+) -> SystemTime {
+    let mut bounded = retry_at;
+    if let Some(expires_at) = access_token_expires_at
+        && expires_at > observed_at
+        && bounded > expires_at
    {
-        // AT 已过期时不能继续等待持久退避；后续额度/请求探测都必须先用 RT 续出可用 AT。
-        return Some(expires_at);
+        bounded = expires_at;
    }
-    account.next_refresh_at().filter(|next| *next <= now)
+    if let Some(deadline) = refresh_recovery_deadline(access_token_expires_at)
+        && bounded > deadline
+    {
+        bounded = deadline;
+    }
+    bounded
+}
+
+fn oauth_refresh_retry_at(
+    account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+    access_token_expires_at: Option<SystemTime>,
+    observed_at: SystemTime,
+    attempt: u32,
+    reason: &'static str,
+) -> Result<SystemTime, ProviderStoreError> {
+    let retry_at = if attempt <= REFRESH_BACKOFF_MAX_ATTEMPTS {
+        provider_refresh_backoff_at(account_id, observed_at, attempt, reason)?
+    } else {
+        provider_refresh_retry_at(account_id, observed_at, REFRESH_RECOVERY_DELAY, reason)?
+    };
+    Ok(bounded_refresh_retry_at(
+        retry_at,
+        access_token_expires_at,
+        observed_at,
+    ))
+}
+
+fn log_refresh_deferred(
+    account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
+    access_token_expires_at: Option<SystemTime>,
+    attempt: u32,
+    reason: &'static str,
+    retry_at: SystemTime,
+) {
+    tracing::warn!(
+        account_id = %account_id,
+        attempt,
+        reason,
+        retry_at = %DateTime::<Utc>::from(retry_at),
+        access_token_expires_at = ?access_token_expires_at.map(DateTime::<Utc>::from),
+        recovery_deadline = ?refresh_recovery_deadline(access_token_expires_at)
+            .map(DateTime::<Utc>::from),
+        "OpenAI OAuth refresh deferred"
+    );
+}
+
+fn refresh_due_at(
+    account: &ProviderAccount,
+    policy: ProviderRefreshPolicy,
+    now: SystemTime,
+) -> Option<SystemTime> {
+    if refresh_recovery_window_exhausted(account.access_token_expires_at(), now) {
+        // 即使 retry-not-before 异常地落在 deadline 之后，也必须进入终态化路径。
+        return refresh_recovery_deadline(account.access_token_expires_at());
+    }
+    let access_token_expires_at = account.access_token_expires_at()?;
+    if !policy.is_refresh_due(access_token_expires_at, now) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    if account
+        .next_refresh_at()
+        .is_some_and(|retry_at| retry_at > now)
+    {
+        return None;
+    }
+    Some(access_token_expires_at)
 }

 pub struct DueCodexCredential {
    pub account: ProviderAccount,
    pub secret: CodexOAuthSecret,
-    principal: CodexCredentialPrincipal,
-    installation_id: String,
 }

 impl std::fmt::Debug for DueCodexCredential {
@@ -94,7 +179,6 @@ pub enum CodexCredentialRefreshError {
 pub struct CodexCredentialRefreshService {
    repository: CodexCredentialRepository,
    refresher: Arc<dyn TokenRefresher>,
-    identity: Arc<dyn CodexAccountIdentityVerifier>,
    leases: Arc<dyn ProviderLeasePort>,
    credential_state: Arc<dyn ProviderCredentialStatePort>,
    runtime_policy: Arc<dyn ProviderRuntimePolicyPort>,
@@ -104,7 +188,6 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
    pub fn new(
        repository: CodexCredentialRepository,
        refresher: Arc<dyn TokenRefresher>,
-        identity: Arc<dyn CodexAccountIdentityVerifier>,
        leases: Arc<dyn ProviderLeasePort>,
        credential_state: Arc<dyn ProviderCredentialStatePort>,
        runtime_policy: Arc<dyn ProviderRuntimePolicyPort>,
@@ -112,7 +195,6 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
        Self {
            repository,
            refresher,
-            identity,
            leases,
            credential_state,
            runtime_policy,
@@ -130,7 +212,7 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
        excluded: &BTreeSet<ProviderAccountId>,
    ) -> Result<Vec<CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome>, CodexCredentialRefreshError> {
        let policy = self.runtime_policy.load_refresh_policy().await?;
-        let (due, mut outcomes) = self.list_due_refresh(excluded).await?;
+        let (due, mut outcomes) = self.list_due_refresh(excluded, policy).await?;
        outcomes.reserve(due.len());
        let refreshed = stream::iter(due.into_iter().map(|credential| async move {
            let account_id = credential.account.id().to_string();
@@ -145,7 +227,14 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
        for (account_id, result) in refreshed {
            match result {
                Ok(outcome) => outcomes.push(outcome),
-                Err(_) => outcomes.push(CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome::Failed { account_id }),
+                Err(error) => {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        account_id = %account_id,
+                        error = %error,
+                        "OpenAI OAuth refresh attempt failed"
+                    );
+                    outcomes.push(CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome::Failed { account_id });
+                }
            }
        }
        Ok(outcomes)
@@ -157,6 +246,19 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
        policy: ProviderRefreshPolicy,
    ) -> Result<CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome, CodexCredentialRefreshError> {
        let account_id = due.account.id().to_string();
+        if refresh_recovery_window_exhausted(
+            due.account.access_token_expires_at(),
+            SystemTime::now(),
+        ) {
+            return self
+                .persist_terminal(
+                    &due.account,
+                    AccountAvailability::Expired,
+                    "refresh_recovery_window_exhausted",
+                    CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome::Invalidated { account_id },
+                )
+                .await;
+        }
        let capacity = self
            .leases
            .try_acquire(ProviderLeaseRequest::RefreshCapacity(
@@ -187,11 +289,12 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
            .as_ref()
            .ok_or(CodexCredentialRefreshError::InvalidRefreshResponse)?;
        match self.refresher.refresh(refresh_token.expose_secret()).await {
-            Ok(tokens) => self.persist_success(due, tokens, policy).await,
+            Ok(tokens) => self.persist_success(due, tokens).await,
            Err(RefreshFailure::InvalidGrant) => {
                self.persist_terminal(
                    &due.account,
                    AccountAvailability::Expired,
+                    "refresh_invalid_grant",
                    CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome::Invalidated { account_id },
                )
                .await
@@ -200,6 +303,7 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
                self.persist_terminal(
                    &due.account,
                    AccountAvailability::Banned,
+                    "account_banned",
                    CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome::Banned { account_id },
                )
                .await
@@ -232,6 +336,7 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
    async fn list_due_refresh(
        &self,
        excluded: &BTreeSet<ProviderAccountId>,
+        policy: ProviderRefreshPolicy,
    ) -> Result<
        (Vec<DueCodexCredential>, Vec<CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome>),
        CodexCredentialRefreshError,
@@ -254,9 +359,10 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
                        | AccountAvailability::Banned
                        | AccountAvailability::Invalid
                )
-                && refresh_due_at(account, now).is_some()
+                && refresh_due_at(account, policy, now).is_some()
        });
-        accounts.sort_by_key(|account| (refresh_due_at(account, now), account.id().clone()));
+        accounts
+            .sort_by_key(|account| (refresh_due_at(account, policy, now), account.id().clone()));
        accounts.truncate(MAX_REFRESH_BATCH as usize);
        let mut due = Vec::with_capacity(accounts.len());
        let mut failures = Vec::new();
@@ -272,15 +378,9 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
                    let Some(secret) = runtime.authentication.oauth() else {
                        unreachable!("OAuth runtime authentication was checked above")
                    };
-                    let Some(principal) = runtime.principal else {
-                        failures.push(CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome::Failed { account_id });
-                        continue;
-                    };
                    due.push(DueCodexCredential {
                        account,
                        secret: secret.clone(),
-                        principal,
-                        installation_id: runtime.installation_id,
                    });
                }
                Ok(_) | Err(_) => {
@@ -295,115 +395,42 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
        &self,
        due: DueCodexCredential,
        tokens: TokenPair,
-        policy: ProviderRefreshPolicy,
    ) -> Result<CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome, CodexCredentialRefreshError> {
-        if tokens.access_token.is_empty() || tokens.expires_in.is_zero() {
-            return Err(CodexCredentialRefreshError::InvalidRefreshResponse);
-        }
-        let refresh_token = tokens
-            .refresh_token
+        let TokenPair {
+            access_token,
+            refresh_token: rotated_refresh_token,
+            expires_in,
+        } = tokens;
+        let refresh_token = rotated_refresh_token
            .map(SecretString::from)
            .or(due.secret.refresh_token);
-        let account_id = due
-            .account
-            .upstream_account_id()
-            .ok_or(CodexCredentialRefreshError::InvalidRefreshResponse)?;
-        let expectation = CodexIdentityExpectation::current(
-            due.principal.oauth_subject,
-            due.principal.poid,
-            account_id.to_owned(),
-            due.account.upstream_user_id().to_owned(),
-            due.installation_id,
-        )
-        .map_err(|_| CodexCredentialRefreshError::InvalidRefreshResponse)?;
        let secret = CodexOAuthSecret {
-            access_token: SecretString::from(tokens.access_token),
+            access_token: SecretString::from(access_token),
            refresh_token,
            id_token: due.secret.id_token,
        };
-        let verification = match self.identity.verify(&secret, &expectation).await {
-            Ok(verification) => verification,
-            Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected) => {
-                return self
-                    .persist_terminal(
-                        &due.account,
-                        AccountAvailability::Invalid,
-                        CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome::Invalidated {
-                            account_id: due.account.id().to_string(),
-                        },
-                    )
-                    .await;
-            }
-            Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Unavailable) => {
-                // JWKS/签名边界短暂不可用属瞬态：保留现有凭据、推进退避重试，
-                // 不终态失效账号。
-                return if self
-                    .defer_refresh(&due.account, "identity-unavailable")
-                    .await?
-                {
-                    Ok(CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome::Transient {
-                        account_id: due.account.id().to_string(),
-                    })
-                } else {
-                    Ok(CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome::Stale {
-                        account_id: due.account.id().to_string(),
-                    })
-                };
-            }
-        };
-        let profile = match verification {
-            CodexIdentityVerification::Complete(profile) => profile,
-            CodexIdentityVerification::SignedOnly(signed) => {
-                let attempt = self
-                    .credential_state
-                    .record_refresh_backoff(due.account.id(), REFRESH_BACKOFF_WINDOW)
-                    .await
-                    .unwrap_or(1);
-                let retry_at = provider_refresh_backoff_at(
-                    due.account.id(),
-                    SystemTime::now(),
-                    attempt,
-                    "identity-completion",
-                )?;
-                match self
-                    .repository
-                    .rotate_signed_secret(&due.account, secret, &signed, retry_at)
-                    .await
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => {
-                        return Ok(CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome::Transient {
-                            account_id: due.account.id().to_string(),
-                        });
-                    }
-                    Err(CredentialRepositoryError::RevisionConflict) => {
-                        return Ok(CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome::Stale {
-                            account_id: due.account.id().to_string(),
-                        });
-                    }
-                    Err(error) => return Err(error.into()),
-                }
-            }
-        };
-        let next_refresh_at = policy
-            .next_attempt_at(
-                due.account.id(),
-                profile
-                    .access_token_expires_at
-                    .map(SystemTime::from)
-                    .ok_or(CodexCredentialRefreshError::InvalidRefreshResponse)?,
-                SystemTime::now(),
-            )
-            .map(DateTime::<Utc>::from)
-            .map_err(CodexCredentialRefreshError::from)?;
+        record_oauth_recovery(
+            CodexOAuthRecoveryOperation::ScheduledRefresh,
+            Some(due.account.id().as_str()),
+            secret.access_token.expose_secret(),
+            secret
+                .refresh_token
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(ExposeSecret::expose_secret),
+        );
+        let observed_at = SystemTime::now();
+        let access_token_expires_at = expires_in.and_then(|value| observed_at.checked_add(value));
+        // 成功轮换清掉仅用于失败退避的 retry-not-before；正常预刷新窗口由
+        // worker 结合当前 runtime policy 动态判断，不写入账号时间字段。
+        let next_refresh_at = None;
        let result = self
            .repository
-            .rotate_oauth_secret(RotateCodexCredential {
-                account_id: due.account.id().to_string(),
-                expected_credential_revision: due.account.revision().get(),
+            .rotate_refreshed_oauth_secret(
+                &due.account,
                secret,
-                verified_account: profile,
-                next_refresh_at: Some(next_refresh_at),
-            })
+                access_token_expires_at,
+                next_refresh_at,
+            )
            .await;
        match result {
            Ok(revision) => {
@@ -412,6 +439,13 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
                    .credential_state
                    .clear_refresh_backoff(due.account.id())
                    .await;
+                tracing::info!(
+                    account_id = %due.account.id(),
+                    credential_revision = revision.get(),
+                    access_token_expires_at = ?access_token_expires_at.map(DateTime::<Utc>::from),
+                    refresh_retry_not_before = ?next_refresh_at.map(DateTime::<Utc>::from),
+                    "OpenAI OAuth refresh succeeded"
+                );
                Ok(CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome::Refreshed {
                    account_id: due.account.id().to_string(),
                    credential_revision: revision.get(),
@@ -430,6 +464,7 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
        &self,
        account: &ProviderAccount,
        availability: AccountAvailability,
+        reason: &'static str,
        outcome: CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome,
    ) -> Result<CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome, CodexCredentialRefreshError> {
        match self.repository.load_runtime_credential(account).await {
@@ -443,10 +478,27 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
        }
        match self
            .repository
-            .apply_state(account, availability, SystemTime::now())
+            .apply_state_with_message(
+                account,
+                availability,
+                SystemTime::now(),
+                Some(reason.to_owned()),
+            )
            .await
        {
-            Ok(()) => Ok(outcome),
+            Ok(()) => {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    account_id = %account.id(),
+                    ?availability,
+                    reason,
+                    access_token_expires_at = ?account.access_token_expires_at()
+                        .map(DateTime::<Utc>::from),
+                    recovery_deadline = ?refresh_recovery_deadline(account.access_token_expires_at())
+                        .map(DateTime::<Utc>::from),
+                    "OpenAI OAuth refresh marked account terminal"
+                );
+                Ok(outcome)
+            }
            Err(CredentialRepositoryError::RevisionConflict) => {
                Ok(CodexCredentialRefreshOutcome::Stale {
                    account_id: account.id().to_string(),
@@ -466,10 +518,24 @@ impl CodexCredentialRefreshService {
            .record_refresh_backoff(account.id(), REFRESH_BACKOFF_WINDOW)
            .await
            .unwrap_or(1);
-        let retry_at =
-            provider_refresh_backoff_at(account.id(), SystemTime::now(), attempt, reason)?;
+        let retry_at = oauth_refresh_retry_at(
+            account.id(),
+            account.access_token_expires_at(),
+            SystemTime::now(),
+            attempt,
+            reason,
+        )?;
        match self.repository.defer_refresh(account, retry_at).await {
-            Ok(_) => Ok(true),
+            Ok(_) => {
+                log_refresh_deferred(
+                    account.id(),
+                    account.access_token_expires_at(),
+                    attempt,
+                    reason,
+                    retry_at,
+                );
+                Ok(true)
+            }
            Err(CredentialRepositoryError::RevisionConflict) => Ok(false),
            Err(error) => Err(error.into()),
        }
@@ -6,18 +6,15 @@ use std::time::SystemTime;
 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use gateway_core::engine::credential::{
    AccountAvailability, AccountStateChange, CredentialCasOutcome, CredentialCasUpdate,
-    CredentialRevision, LoadedCredential, ProviderAccount, ProviderAccountId, ProviderAccountStore,
+    CredentialRevision, ProviderAccount, ProviderAccountId, ProviderAccountStore,
    ProviderAccountUpdate,
 };
 use gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind;
 use secrecy::ExposeSecret;
 use thiserror::Error;

-use super::identity::CodexSignedIdentity;
 use super::security::{CodexCredentialCodec, CodexCredentialDataError, CodexRuntimeCredential};
-use super::types::{
-    CodexAccountProfile, CodexCredentialData, CodexOAuthSecret, RotateCodexCredential,
-};
+use super::types::{CodexCredentialData, CodexOAuthSecret, RotateCodexCredential};

 const PROVIDER_NAME: &str = "openai";

@@ -47,7 +44,6 @@ impl CodexCredentialRepository {
            .map_err(|_| CredentialRepositoryError::InvalidInput("credential_revision"))?;
        let current = self.store.load_credential(&account_id, expected).await?;
        let mut data = CodexCredentialCodec::decode_complete(&current.credential)?;
-        verify_identity(&current, &data, &input.verified_account)?;
        let oauth = data
            .oauth_mut()
            .ok_or(CredentialRepositoryError::InvalidCredentialData)?;
@@ -83,13 +79,16 @@ impl CodexCredentialRepository {
        cas_revision(self.store.compare_and_swap_credential(update).await?)
    }

-    /// usage 暂时不可用时，只在签名 principal 与现有绑定完全一致后保存已轮换 token。
-    pub async fn rotate_signed_secret(
+    /// 持久化成功 RT exchange 的 token，同时保留既有账号身份投影。
+    ///
+    /// Refresh endpoint 已经是这次 AT/RT 轮换的授权边界；这里仅以 revision
+    /// CAS 保护并发写入，不重新验证新 access token 的身份声明。
+    pub async fn rotate_refreshed_oauth_secret(
        &self,
        account: &ProviderAccount,
        secret: CodexOAuthSecret,
-        signed: &CodexSignedIdentity,
-        next_refresh_at: SystemTime,
+        access_token_expires_at: Option<SystemTime>,
+        next_refresh_at: Option<SystemTime>,
    ) -> Result<CredentialRevision, CredentialRepositoryError> {
        let current = self
            .store
@@ -102,17 +101,6 @@ impl CodexCredentialRepository {
        let oauth = data
            .oauth_mut()
            .ok_or(CredentialRepositoryError::InvalidCredentialData)?;
-        if oauth.principal.oauth_subject != signed.oauth_subject()
-            || oauth.principal.poid.as_deref() != signed.poid()
-            || signed
-                .claimed_account_id()
-                .is_some_and(|value| account.upstream_account_id() != Some(value))
-            || signed
-                .claimed_user_id()
-                .is_some_and(|value| account.upstream_user_id() != value)
-        {
-            return Err(CredentialRepositoryError::IdentityMismatch);
-        }
        oauth.access_token = secret.access_token.expose_secret().to_owned();
        oauth.refresh_token = secret
            .refresh_token
@@ -129,8 +117,8 @@ impl CodexCredentialRepository {
            unchanged_profile(account),
            credential,
            secret.refresh_token.is_some(),
-            Some(SystemTime::from(signed.access_token_expires_at())),
-            Some(next_refresh_at),
+            access_token_expires_at,
+            next_refresh_at,
        )
        .map_err(|_| CredentialRepositoryError::InvalidCredentialData)?;
        cas_revision(self.store.compare_and_swap_credential(update).await?)
@@ -239,7 +227,8 @@ impl CodexCredentialRepository {
            .await
    }

-    /// 带上游错误描述的状态写入；`message` 为 `Some` 时持久化最近错误，恢复 `Ready` 时清空。
+    /// 带上游错误描述的状态写入；上游 message 优先，终态缺失 message 时写稳定兜底，
+    /// 恢复 `Ready` 时清空。
    pub async fn apply_state_with_message(
        &self,
        account: &ProviderAccount,
@@ -250,6 +239,9 @@ impl CodexCredentialRepository {
        if !account.enabled() {
            return Ok(());
        }
+        let message = message
+            .filter(|value| !value.trim().is_empty())
+            .or_else(|| availability.fallback_error_reason().map(str::to_owned));
        self.store
            .apply_state_change(AccountStateChange {
                account_id: account.id().clone(),
@@ -281,24 +273,6 @@ fn cas_revision(
    }
 }

-fn verify_identity(
-    current: &LoadedCredential,
-    credential: &CodexCredentialData,
-    verified: &CodexAccountProfile,
-) -> Result<(), CredentialRepositoryError> {
-    if current.account.provider().as_str() != PROVIDER_NAME
-        || current.account.upstream_account_id() != Some(verified.chatgpt_account_id.as_str())
-        || verified.chatgpt_user_id != current.account.upstream_user_id()
-        || credential.oauth().is_none_or(|credential| {
-            verified.oauth_subject != credential.principal.oauth_subject
-                || verified.poid != credential.principal.poid
-        })
-    {
-        return Err(CredentialRepositoryError::IdentityMismatch);
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 fn required_time(value: Option<DateTime<Utc>>) -> Result<SystemTime, CredentialRepositoryError> {
    value
        .map(SystemTime::from)
@@ -315,8 +289,6 @@ pub enum CredentialRepositoryError {
    InvalidInput(&'static str),
    #[error("Codex credential data is invalid")]
    InvalidCredentialData,
-    #[error("Codex credential identity does not match")]
-    IdentityMismatch,
    #[error("Codex credential revision conflict")]
    RevisionConflict,
    #[error("provider account store is unavailable")]
@@ -102,12 +102,32 @@ impl CodexCredentialCodec {
        account: &CodexAccountProfile,
        cookies: Vec<CodexCookie>,
    ) -> Result<PlaintextCredential, CodexCredentialDataError> {
-        Self::encode_complete(CodexCredentialData::OAuth(CodexOAuthCredentialData {
-            schema_version: CODEX_CREDENTIAL_SCHEMA_VERSION,
-            principal: CodexCredentialPrincipal {
+        Self::encode_oauth(
+            secret,
+            Some(CodexCredentialPrincipal {
                oauth_subject: account.oauth_subject.clone(),
                poid: account.poid.clone(),
-            },
+            }),
+            cookies,
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// 为尚未解析资料的 OAuth 账号编码凭据。
+    pub(crate) fn encode_unresolved(
+        secret: &CodexOAuthSecret,
+        cookies: Vec<CodexCookie>,
+    ) -> Result<PlaintextCredential, CodexCredentialDataError> {
+        Self::encode_oauth(secret, None, cookies)
+    }
+
+    fn encode_oauth(
+        secret: &CodexOAuthSecret,
+        principal: Option<CodexCredentialPrincipal>,
+        cookies: Vec<CodexCookie>,
+    ) -> Result<PlaintextCredential, CodexCredentialDataError> {
+        Self::encode_complete(CodexCredentialData::OAuth(CodexOAuthCredentialData {
+            schema_version: CODEX_CREDENTIAL_SCHEMA_VERSION,
+            principal,
            installation_id: uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string(),
            access_token: secret.access_token.expose_secret().to_owned(),
            refresh_token: secret
@@ -171,7 +191,7 @@ impl CodexCredentialCodec {
                        refresh_token: data.refresh_token.map(SecretString::from),
                        id_token: data.id_token.map(SecretString::from),
                    }),
-                    Some(data.principal),
+                    data.principal,
                    data.installation_id,
                    data.cookies,
                    data.oauth_client_id,
@@ -232,9 +252,6 @@ impl CodexCredentialCodec {
        let existing = Self::decode_complete(existing)?;
        match (&mut incoming, existing) {
            (CodexCredentialData::OAuth(incoming), CodexCredentialData::OAuth(existing)) => {
-                if incoming.principal != existing.principal {
-                    return Err(CodexCredentialDataError::Invalid);
-                }
                incoming.installation_id = existing.installation_id;
            }
            (
@@ -260,23 +277,7 @@ impl CodexCredentialCodec {
 fn validate(data: &CodexCredentialData) -> Result<(), CodexCredentialDataError> {
    let (installation_id, cookies) = match data {
        CodexCredentialData::OAuth(data) => {
-            if data.schema_version != CODEX_CREDENTIAL_SCHEMA_VERSION
-                || !valid_identity(&data.principal.oauth_subject)
-                || data
-                    .principal
-                    .poid
-                    .as_deref()
-                    .is_some_and(|value| !valid_identity(value))
-                || !valid_secret(&data.access_token)
-                || data
-                    .refresh_token
-                    .as_deref()
-                    .is_some_and(|value| !valid_secret(value))
-                || data
-                    .id_token
-                    .as_deref()
-                    .is_some_and(|value| !valid_secret(value))
-            {
+            if data.schema_version != CODEX_CREDENTIAL_SCHEMA_VERSION {
                return Err(CodexCredentialDataError::Invalid);
            }
            (&data.installation_id, &data.cookies)
@@ -25,11 +25,12 @@ use super::agent_identity::CodexAgentIdentityTaskService;
 use super::catalog::CodexCredentialCatalogService;
 use super::cookie::CodexCookiePolicy;
 use super::quota::CodexCredentialQuotaService;
+use super::refresh::refresh_recovery_deadline;
 use super::repository::{CodexCredentialRepository, CredentialRepositoryError};
 use super::security::CodexRuntimeAuthentication;
 use super::types::{
-    CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_AGENT_IDENTITY, CodexCookie, CodexCookieCaptureOutcome,
-    RuntimeCodexCookie,
+    CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_AGENT_IDENTITY, CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_OAUTH, CodexCookie,
+    CodexCookieCaptureOutcome, RuntimeCodexCookie,
 };

 const CLOUDFLARE_RECOVERY_STALE_AFTER: Duration = Duration::from_secs(60 * 60);
@@ -73,6 +74,21 @@ pub enum CodexAccountFailure {
    CloudflarePathBlocked,
 }

+impl CodexAccountFailure {
+    /// 上游未提供可展示错误文本时，保留已分类的稳定原因。
+    const fn fallback_error_reason(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+        match self {
+            Self::CredentialExpired => Some("upstream_credential_expired"),
+            Self::IdentityVerificationRequired => Some("upstream_identity_verification_required"),
+            Self::Banned => Some("upstream_account_banned"),
+            Self::QuotaExhausted => Some("upstream_quota_exhausted"),
+            Self::UsageLimitExhausted { .. } => Some("upstream_usage_limit_exhausted"),
+            Self::CloudflarePathBlocked => Some("upstream_cloudflare_path_blocked"),
+            Self::RateLimited { .. } | Self::CloudflareChallenge { .. } => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 struct RiskRecoveryState {
    challenge_count: u32,
@@ -733,8 +749,29 @@ impl CodexCredentialSelector {
        message: Option<String>,
    ) -> Result<(), CredentialSelectionError> {
        let now = SystemTime::now();
+        let message = message
+            .filter(|value| !value.trim().is_empty())
+            .or_else(|| failure.fallback_error_reason().map(str::to_owned));
        match failure {
            CodexAccountFailure::CredentialExpired => {
+                if account.authentication_kind() == CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_OAUTH
+                    && account.has_refresh_token()
+                    && account
+                        .access_token_expires_at()
+                        .is_some_and(|expires_at| expires_at <= now)
+                    && refresh_recovery_deadline(account.access_token_expires_at())
+                        .is_some_and(|deadline| deadline > now)
+                {
+                    tracing::info!(
+                        account_id = %account.id(),
+                        access_token_expires_at = ?account.access_token_expires_at()
+                            .map(chrono::DateTime::<chrono::Utc>::from),
+                        recovery_deadline = ?refresh_recovery_deadline(account.access_token_expires_at())
+                            .map(chrono::DateTime::<chrono::Utc>::from),
+                        "OpenAI access token expired; retaining account for bounded OAuth refresh recovery"
+                    );
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
                self.apply_state_with_message(account, AccountAvailability::Expired, now, message)
                    .await
            }
@@ -1165,8 +1202,7 @@ impl From<CredentialRepositoryError> for CredentialSelectionError {
    fn from(error: CredentialRepositoryError) -> Self {
        match error {
            CredentialRepositoryError::InvalidInput(_)
-            | CredentialRepositoryError::InvalidCredentialData
-            | CredentialRepositoryError::IdentityMismatch => Self::InvalidCredential,
+            | CredentialRepositoryError::InvalidCredentialData => Self::InvalidCredential,
            CredentialRepositoryError::RevisionConflict | CredentialRepositoryError::Store => {
                Self::Store
            }
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::time::Duration;

-const MAX_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECONDS: u64 = 366 * 24 * 60 * 60;
 const MAX_OAUTH_RESPONSE_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1024;
 const TOKEN_REQUEST_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
 const TOKEN_CONNECT_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
@@ -24,7 +23,9 @@ pub const OFFICIAL_CODEX_REDIRECT_URI: &str = "http://localhost:1455/auth/callba
 pub struct TokenPair {
    pub access_token: String,
    pub refresh_token: Option<String>,
-    pub expires_in: Duration,
+    /// OAuth endpoint 可以省略或返回零 expiry；这不影响已经成功的 token
+    /// exchange，只意味着调用方不能据此安排下一次刷新。
+    pub expires_in: Option<Duration>,
 }

 impl fmt::Debug for TokenPair {
@@ -76,10 +77,14 @@ impl fmt::Debug for AuthorizationCodeGrant {
    }
 }

-/// 官方 token endpoint 返回、尚待 OIDC/JWKS 绑定校验的 token set。
+/// 官方 token endpoint 返回的 token set。
+///
+/// 与官方首次 authorization-code exchange 一致：`id_token`、`access_token` 与
+/// `refresh_token` 都是响应的必填字段。这里不检查 token 内容、签名或 claims。
 pub struct AuthorizationTokenSet {
    pub secret: crate::credential::CodexOAuthSecret,
    pub id_token: SecretString,
+    pub expires_in: Option<Duration>,
 }

 impl fmt::Debug for AuthorizationTokenSet {
@@ -88,6 +93,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for AuthorizationTokenSet {
            .debug_struct("AuthorizationTokenSet")
            .field("secret", &"[REDACTED]")
            .field("id_token", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .field("expires_in", &self.expires_in)
            .finish()
    }
 }
@@ -168,16 +174,15 @@ pub fn official_openai_token_client() -> Result<OpenAiTokenClient, TokenClientBu
 struct RefreshTokenResponse {
    access_token: String,
    refresh_token: Option<String>,
-    expires_in: u64,
+    expires_in: Option<u64>,
 }

 #[derive(Deserialize)]
 struct AuthorizationCodeResponse {
    access_token: String,
-    refresh_token: Option<String>,
+    refresh_token: String,
    id_token: String,
-    token_type: String,
-    expires_in: u64,
+    expires_in: Option<u64>,
 }

 #[async_trait]
@@ -227,13 +232,6 @@ impl AuthorizationCodeExchanger for OpenAiTokenClient {
                    AuthorizationCodeExchangeError::Ambiguous
                }
            })?;
-        let success_is_json = response.status().is_success()
-            && response
-                .headers()
-                .get(reqwest::header::CONTENT_TYPE)
-                .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
-                .and_then(|value| value.split(';').next())
-                .is_some_and(|value| value.trim().eq_ignore_ascii_case("application/json"));
        let (status, body) = read_bounded_response(response)
            .await
            .map_err(|_| AuthorizationCodeExchangeError::Ambiguous)?;
@@ -243,30 +241,17 @@ impl AuthorizationCodeExchanger for OpenAiTokenClient {
                _ => AuthorizationCodeExchangeError::Rejected,
            });
        }
-        if !success_is_json {
-            return Err(AuthorizationCodeExchangeError::Rejected);
-        }
        let tokens = serde_json::from_slice::<AuthorizationCodeResponse>(&body)
            .map_err(|_| AuthorizationCodeExchangeError::Rejected)?;
-        if tokens.access_token.is_empty()
-            || tokens.id_token.is_empty()
-            || !tokens.token_type.eq_ignore_ascii_case("bearer")
-            || tokens.expires_in == 0
-            || tokens.expires_in > MAX_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECONDS
-            || tokens
-                .refresh_token
-                .as_deref()
-                .is_some_and(|token| token.is_empty())
-        {
-            return Err(AuthorizationCodeExchangeError::Rejected);
-        }
+        let id_token = SecretString::from(tokens.id_token);
        Ok(AuthorizationTokenSet {
            secret: crate::credential::CodexOAuthSecret {
                access_token: SecretString::from(tokens.access_token),
-                refresh_token: tokens.refresh_token.map(SecretString::from),
+                refresh_token: Some(SecretString::from(tokens.refresh_token)),
                id_token: None,
            },
-            id_token: SecretString::from(tokens.id_token),
+            id_token,
+            expires_in: optional_expiry(tokens.expires_in),
        })
    }
 }
@@ -294,19 +279,20 @@ async fn read_bounded_response(

 fn parse_token_pair(body: &[u8]) -> Result<TokenPair, ()> {
    let tokens = serde_json::from_slice::<RefreshTokenResponse>(body).map_err(|_| ())?;
-    if tokens.access_token.trim().is_empty() {
-        return Err(());
-    }
-    if tokens.expires_in == 0 || tokens.expires_in > MAX_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECONDS {
-        return Err(());
-    }
    Ok(TokenPair {
        access_token: tokens.access_token,
+        // OAuth 刷新响应可能省略未变更的 RT；缺失时由调用方保留当前值。
        refresh_token: tokens.refresh_token,
-        expires_in: Duration::from_secs(tokens.expires_in),
+        expires_in: optional_expiry(tokens.expires_in),
    })
 }

+fn optional_expiry(value: Option<u64>) -> Option<Duration> {
+    value
+        .filter(|seconds| *seconds > 0)
+        .map(Duration::from_secs)
+}
+
 fn classify_refresh_failure(status: StatusCode, body: &[u8]) -> RefreshFailure {
    // 5xx 与 429 按状态码判为瞬态：其正文（CDN/网关页等）不是权威 OAuth 错误响应，
    // 不据此终态失效账号。
@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@

 use std::fmt;

+use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD};
 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use secrecy::SecretString;
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize, de::DeserializeOwned};
 use url::Url;

 /// OAuth AT/RT/ID Token；`Debug` 永不输出明文。
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for CodexOAuthSecret {
    }
 }

-/// 已由官方 JWT/OIDC 与认证 usage 响应共同确认的完整账号投影。
+/// OAuth credential 持久化时使用的账号投影。
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct CodexAccountProfile {
    pub email: Option<String>,
@@ -41,6 +42,116 @@ pub struct CodexAccountProfile {
    pub access_token_expires_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
 }

+/// 从 OAuth ID token payload 尽力提取的展示资料。
+///
+/// 这只是与官方客户端一致的 base64 JSON 读取，不校验 JWT 签名或 claims。
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+pub(crate) struct CodexOAuthMetadata {
+    pub(crate) email: Option<String>,
+    pub(crate) chatgpt_plan_type: Option<String>,
+    pub(crate) chatgpt_user_id: Option<String>,
+    pub(crate) chatgpt_account_id: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for CodexOAuthMetadata {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter
+            .debug_struct("CodexOAuthMetadata")
+            .field("email", &self.email.as_ref().map(|_| "<redacted>"))
+            .field(
+                "chatgpt_user_id",
+                &self.chatgpt_user_id.as_ref().map(|_| "<redacted>"),
+            )
+            .field(
+                "chatgpt_account_id",
+                &self.chatgpt_account_id.as_ref().map(|_| "<redacted>"),
+            )
+            .field("chatgpt_plan_type", &self.chatgpt_plan_type)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 按官方 `token_data.rs` 的字段优先级读取 ID token payload。
+///
+/// 与官方一致，`id_token` 的 JWT 外形、payload base64 或 JSON 无法解析时返回错误；
+/// 这不是签名或 claims 验证。各身份字段本身仍全部可缺失。
+pub(crate) fn parse_id_token_metadata(jwt: &str) -> Result<CodexOAuthMetadata, ()> {
+    let claims = decode_jwt_payload::<IdTokenClaims>(jwt)?;
+    let email = claims
+        .email
+        .or_else(|| claims.profile.and_then(|profile| profile.email));
+    let Some(auth) = claims.auth else {
+        return Ok(CodexOAuthMetadata {
+            email,
+            ..CodexOAuthMetadata::default()
+        });
+    };
+    Ok(CodexOAuthMetadata {
+        email,
+        chatgpt_plan_type: auth.chatgpt_plan_type,
+        chatgpt_user_id: auth.chatgpt_user_id.or(auth.user_id),
+        chatgpt_account_id: auth.chatgpt_account_id,
+    })
+}
+
+/// 按官方 Codex 的方式，从 access token JWT payload 读取调度所需的过期时刻。
+///
+/// 此处只投影未验证的 `exp`，不把它当作身份或签名验证结果。无法解析或缺少
+/// `exp` 的直接导入仍可保留为没有已知过期时刻的 OAuth 凭据。
+pub(crate) fn parse_access_token_expiration(jwt: &str) -> Option<DateTime<Utc>> {
+    let claims = decode_jwt_payload::<StandardJwtClaims>(jwt).ok()?;
+    claims
+        .exp
+        .and_then(|seconds| DateTime::<Utc>::from_timestamp(seconds, 0))
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct IdTokenClaims {
+    #[serde(default)]
+    email: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(rename = "https://api.openai.com/profile", default)]
+    profile: Option<ProfileClaims>,
+    #[serde(rename = "https://api.openai.com/auth", default)]
+    auth: Option<AuthClaims>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct StandardJwtClaims {
+    #[serde(default)]
+    exp: Option<i64>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct ProfileClaims {
+    #[serde(default)]
+    email: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct AuthClaims {
+    #[serde(default)]
+    chatgpt_plan_type: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    chatgpt_user_id: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    user_id: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    chatgpt_account_id: Option<String>,
+}
+
+fn decode_jwt_payload<T: DeserializeOwned>(jwt: &str) -> Result<T, ()> {
+    let mut parts = jwt.split('.');
+    let (Some(header), Some(payload), Some(signature)) = (parts.next(), parts.next(), parts.next())
+    else {
+        return Err(());
+    };
+    if header.is_empty() || payload.is_empty() || signature.is_empty() {
+        return Err(());
+    }
+    let payload = URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.decode(payload).map_err(|_| ())?;
+    serde_json::from_slice(&payload).map_err(|_| ())
+}
+
 impl fmt::Debug for CodexAccountProfile {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        formatter
@@ -109,7 +220,8 @@ pub const CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_AGENT_IDENTITY: &str = "agent_identity";
 #[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct CodexOAuthCredentialData {
    pub schema_version: u32,
-    pub principal: CodexCredentialPrincipal,
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub principal: Option<CodexCredentialPrincipal>,
    pub installation_id: String,
    pub access_token: String,
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
@@ -16,13 +16,10 @@ use gateway_core::task::WorkerContribution;
 use crate::admin::{OpenAiAdminProvider, OpenAiAdminServices, OpenAiOAuthPendingStore};
 use crate::credential::token_client::{AuthorizationCodeExchanger, TokenRefresher};
 use crate::credential::{
-    CodexAccountIdentityService, CodexAccountIdentityVerifier, CodexAgentIdentityTaskService,
-    CodexAuthenticatedAccountSource, CodexCookiePolicy, CodexCredentialAdmin,
+    CodexAgentIdentityTaskService, CodexCookiePolicy, CodexCredentialAdmin,
    CodexCredentialAdminService, CodexCredentialCatalogService, CodexCredentialQuotaService,
    CodexCredentialRefreshService, CodexCredentialRepository, CodexCredentialSelector,
-    CodexJwtIdentityVerifier, CodexOAuthAdmin, CodexOAuthAdminService, CodexSignedIdentityVerifier,
-    OfficialCodexAgentIdentityTaskRegistrar, ReqwestCodexAuthenticatedAccountSource,
-    ReqwestOpenAiJwksSource,
+    CodexOAuthAdmin, CodexOAuthAdminService, OfficialCodexAgentIdentityTaskRegistrar,
 };
 use crate::transport::profile::{
    CodexCliReleaseService, CodexDesktopReleaseService, OfficialCodexCliReleaseTransport,
@@ -82,7 +79,7 @@ pub async fn initialize(
        profile.clone(),
        Arc::new(
            OfficialCodexCliReleaseTransport::new()
-                .map_err(|_| OpenAiInitializeError::DesktopRelease)?,
+                .map_err(|_| OpenAiInitializeError::CliRelease)?,
        ),
    ));
    let repository = CodexCredentialRepository::new(Arc::clone(&accounts));
@@ -142,34 +139,20 @@ pub async fn initialize(
        .map_err(OpenAiInitializeError::Provider)?
        .with_session_identity(session_identity),
    );
-
    let token_client = Arc::new(
        credential::token_client::openai_token_client(config.token_client_config())
            .map_err(|_| OpenAiInitializeError::TokenClient)?,
    );
-    let jwks = ReqwestOpenAiJwksSource::new().map_err(|_| OpenAiInitializeError::Identity)?;
-    let signed: Arc<dyn CodexSignedIdentityVerifier> = Arc::new(
-        CodexJwtIdentityVerifier::new(Box::new(jwks))
-            .with_oauth_client_id(config.oauth_client_id()),
-    );
-    let account_source: Arc<dyn CodexAuthenticatedAccountSource> = Arc::new(
-        ReqwestCodexAuthenticatedAccountSource::new(profile.clone(), config.base_url().to_owned())
-            .map_err(|_| OpenAiInitializeError::Identity)?,
-    );
-    let identity: Arc<dyn CodexAccountIdentityVerifier> =
-        Arc::new(CodexAccountIdentityService::new(signed, account_source));
    let refresher: Arc<dyn TokenRefresher> = token_client.clone();
    let exchanger: Arc<dyn AuthorizationCodeExchanger> = token_client;
    let credential_admin = Arc::new(CodexCredentialAdminService::new(
        Arc::clone(&refresher),
-        Arc::clone(&identity),
        Arc::clone(&leases),
        Arc::clone(&runtime_policy),
    ));
    let refresh = Arc::new(CodexCredentialRefreshService::new(
        repository,
        refresher,
-        Arc::clone(&identity),
        Arc::clone(&leases),
        credential_state,
        Arc::clone(&runtime_policy),
@@ -182,9 +165,7 @@ pub async fn initialize(
        CodexOAuthAdminService::new(
            pending,
            exchanger,
-            Arc::clone(&identity),
            Arc::clone(&accounts),
-            Arc::clone(&runtime_policy),
            CodexCredentialAdmin,
        )
        .with_oauth_client_id(config.oauth_client_id()),
@@ -195,11 +176,9 @@ pub async fn initialize(
        accounts,
        OpenAiAdminServices {
            credentials: credential_admin,
-            verifier: identity,
            oauth: oauth_admin,
            quota: Arc::clone(&quota),
            catalog: Arc::clone(&catalog),
-            runtime_policy,
        },
        websocket_pool,
        desktop_release_status,
@@ -258,8 +237,6 @@ pub enum OpenAiInitializeError {
    CookiePolicy,
    #[error("OpenAI token client could not initialize")]
    TokenClient,
-    #[error("OpenAI identity verifier could not initialize")]
-    Identity,
    #[error("OpenAI Agent Identity service could not initialize")]
    AgentIdentity,
    #[error("OpenAI credential administration could not initialize")]
@@ -268,6 +245,8 @@ pub enum OpenAiInitializeError {
    Refresh,
    #[error("OpenAI Desktop release service could not initialize")]
    DesktopRelease,
+    #[error("OpenAI CLI release service could not initialize")]
+    CliRelease,
    #[error("OpenAI worker plan is invalid")]
    Worker,
 }
@@ -273,6 +273,8 @@ impl Provider for CodexProvider {
            .await
            .map_err(map_selection_error)?;
        let lease = Arc::new(lease);
+        // 首字计时的起点：账号选择完成之后、上游建立之前。
+        let output_started_at = Instant::now();
        let provider_kind = ProviderKind::new(PROVIDER_NAME)
            .map_err(|_| provider_error(ProviderErrorKind::Protocol, UpstreamSendState::NotSent))?;
        let cross_account = context
@@ -373,6 +375,7 @@ impl Provider for CodexProvider {
            catalog: Arc::clone(&self.catalog),
            agent_identity: Arc::clone(&self.agent_identity),
            lease: Arc::clone(&lease),
+            output_started_at,
            session_affinity_key,
            session_capture,
        });
@@ -397,6 +400,7 @@ struct ColdResponse {
    catalog: Arc<CodexCredentialCatalogService>,
    agent_identity: Arc<CodexAgentIdentityTaskService>,
    lease: Arc<CodexCredentialLease>,
+    output_started_at: Instant,
    session_affinity_key: Option<ProviderSessionAffinityKey>,
    session_capture: Option<OpenAiSessionCapture>,
 }
@@ -555,6 +559,7 @@ fn cold_response_stream(response: ColdResponse) -> EventStream {
        catalog,
        agent_identity,
        lease,
+        output_started_at,
        session_affinity_key,
        mut session_capture,
    } = response;
@@ -800,7 +805,7 @@ fn cold_response_stream(response: ColdResponse) -> EventStream {
                capture.turn_state = Some(turn_state);
            }
            let first_event_changed =
-                observation_state.observe_stream_chunk(&chunk, context.timing_started_at());
+                observation_state.observe_stream_chunk(&chunk, output_started_at);
            let chunk_len = chunk.len();
            let (mut events, canonical_failure) = match decoder.push(&chunk) {
                CodexCanonicalOutcome::Events(events) => (events, None),
@@ -830,7 +835,7 @@ fn cold_response_stream(response: ColdResponse) -> EventStream {
            let timing_signals = decoder.take_timing_signals();
            let timing_changed = first_event_changed
                || observation_state
-                    .observe_timing_signals(timing_signals, context.timing_started_at());
+                    .observe_timing_signals(timing_signals, output_started_at);
            let completed = events
                .iter()
                .flat_map(ProviderEvent::canonical_facts)
@@ -909,7 +914,7 @@ fn cold_response_stream(response: ColdResponse) -> EventStream {
        let service_tier_changed = observation_state
            .observe_upstream_service_tier(decoder.response_service_tier());
        let timing_changed = observation_state
-            .observe_timing_signals(timing_signals, context.timing_started_at());
+            .observe_timing_signals(timing_signals, output_started_at);
        let updates = take_rate_limit_updates(rate_limit_updates.as_ref()).await;
        let rate_limits_changed = if updates.is_empty() {
            false
@@ -1063,7 +1068,9 @@ impl OpenAiResponseObservationState {
        started_at: Instant,
    ) -> bool {
        let mut changed = false;
-        if signals.semantic_output {
+        // 首个非前导输出事件（结构帧也算）开启首字计时；
+        // 真实语义首字由 first_reasoning_ms / first_text_ms 单独观测。
+        if signals.output_start {
            changed |= insert_first_timing(&mut self.timings.first_token_ms, started_at);
        }
        if signals.reasoning_output {
@@ -2435,11 +2442,10 @@ impl ScheduledTask for OpenAiOAuthRefreshTask {
            if context.cancellation().is_cancelled() {
                return Ok(());
            }
-            let outcomes = self
-                .service
-                .refresh_due()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|_| WorkerTaskError::safe("OpenAI OAuth refresh failed"))?;
+            let outcomes = self.service.refresh_due().await.map_err(|error| {
+                tracing::error!(error = %error, "OpenAI OAuth refresh cycle failed");
+                WorkerTaskError::safe("OpenAI OAuth refresh failed")
+            })?;
            let mut refreshed = 0_u64;
            let mut invalidated = 0_u64;
            let mut banned = 0_u64;
@@ -2468,6 +2474,18 @@ impl ScheduledTask for OpenAiOAuthRefreshTask {
                    }
                }
            }
+            if !outcomes.is_empty() {
+                tracing::info!(
+                    refreshed,
+                    invalidated,
+                    banned,
+                    transient,
+                    lease_unavailable,
+                    stale,
+                    failed,
+                    "OpenAI OAuth refresh cycle completed"
+                );
+            }
            if transient > 0 || failed > 0 {
                tracing::warn!(
                    refreshed,
@@ -270,6 +270,11 @@ impl CodexCanonicalDecoder {
            .event
            .as_deref()
            .or_else(|| value.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str));
+        if event_type == Some("codex.rate_limits") {
+            // HTTP transport has already projected this control frame into local quota facts.
+            // It must not become client output or start first-output timing.
+            return Ok(());
+        }
        self.observe_response_service_tier(&value);
        let signals = response_event_signals(event_type, &value);
        self.merge_timing_signals(signals);
@@ -310,6 +315,7 @@ impl CodexCanonicalDecoder {

    fn merge_timing_signals(&mut self, signals: ResponseEventSignals) {
        self.timing_signals.protocol_progress |= signals.protocol_progress;
+        self.timing_signals.output_start |= signals.output_start;
        self.timing_signals.semantic_output |= signals.semantic_output;
        self.timing_signals.reasoning_output |= signals.reasoning_output;
        self.timing_signals.text_output |= signals.text_output;
@@ -410,7 +416,7 @@ impl CodexCanonicalDecoder {
                self.complete(event_type, value, output)
            }
            "response.failed" | "error" => Err(protocol_error_marker()),
-            "response.rate_limits.updated" | "codex.rate_limits" | "response.metadata" => Ok(()),
+            "response.rate_limits.updated" | "response.metadata" => Ok(()),
            _ => Ok(()),
        }
    }
@@ -14,21 +14,22 @@ use url::Url;
 pub const CODEX_DESKTOP_APPCAST_URL: &str =
    "https://persistent.oaistatic.com/codex-app-prod/appcast.xml";
 pub const CODEX_CLI_RELEASE_URL: &str = "https://registry.npmjs.org/@openai%2Fcodex/latest";
-/// 官方制品画像检查周期。
+/// 官方发布元数据检查周期。
 pub const APPCAST_POLL_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(24 * 60 * 60);

 const APPCAST_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
 const MAX_APPCAST_BYTES: usize = 1024 * 1024;
+const MAX_CLI_RELEASE_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1024;

 /// Codex Desktop 上游请求身份。
 ///
-/// 启动配置提供经源码审计的 Core、运行环境和初始 Desktop 版本。官方 appcast
-/// 检查成功后，会仅同步 Desktop 版本和构建号。
+/// 启动配置提供经源码审计的 Core、运行环境和 Desktop 启动版本。npm CLI metadata
+/// 与官方 appcast 检查成功后，分别同步 Core 版本和 Desktop 版本及构建号。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct CodexWireProfile {
    /// `originator` 请求头及 User-Agent 产品名。
    pub originator: String,
-    /// bundled Codex Core 版本；同时用于 `/codex/models?client_version=`。
+    /// npm `@openai/codex` 启动版本；用于 `/codex/models?client_version=` 与 UA。
    pub codex_version: String,
    /// Desktop 应用版本，用于 app-server `clientInfo.version` 对应的 UA 后缀。
    pub desktop_version: String,
@@ -47,16 +48,18 @@ pub struct CodexWireProfile {
 }

 impl CodexWireProfile {
-    /// 按 Codex Core 的官方格式生成最终 User-Agent。
+    /// 按 bundled Core app-server 的官方格式生成最终 User-Agent。
    pub fn user_agent(&self) -> String {
        format!(
-            "{}/{} ({} {}; {}) {}",
+            "{}/{} ({} {}; {}) {} ({}; {})",
            self.originator,
            self.codex_version,
            self.os_type,
            self.os_version,
            self.arch,
            self.terminal,
+            self.originator,
+            self.desktop_version,
        )
    }
 }
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ impl CodexWireProfileState {
        profile.desktop_build = desktop_build.to_owned();
    }

-    /// 使用官方 npm metadata 发布的 Codex CLI 版本更新运行时 Core 画像。
+    /// 使用官方 npm metadata 发布的 Codex CLI 版本更新运行时请求画像。
    pub fn update_cli_release(&self, codex_version: &str) {
        let mut profile = self
            .profile
@@ -143,12 +146,12 @@ impl CodexCliReleaseTransport for OfficialCodexCliReleaseTransport {
            }
            if response
                .content_length()
-                .is_some_and(|size| size > 64 * 1024)
+                .is_some_and(|size| size > MAX_CLI_RELEASE_BYTES as u64)
            {
                return Err(CodexCliReleaseError::ResponseTooLarge);
            }
            let bytes = response.bytes().await?;
-            if bytes.len() > 64 * 1024 {
+            if bytes.len() > MAX_CLI_RELEASE_BYTES {
                return Err(CodexCliReleaseError::ResponseTooLarge);
            }
            let document: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&bytes)
@@ -182,11 +182,13 @@ pub fn transport_requirement(request: &CodexResponsesRequest) -> TransportRequir

 /// 单个 Responses 事件对计时系统提供的稳定语义信号。
 ///
-/// `protocol_progress` 只说明上游仍在工作，不能替代首字；其余字段分别标记
-/// 客户端可消费的输出、reasoning 输出与正文输出。
+/// `protocol_progress` 只说明上游仍在工作，不能替代首字；`output_start` 标记首个会
+/// 开启客户端输出的非前导事件（结构帧也算）；其余字段分别标记客户端可消费的
+/// 输出、reasoning 输出与正文输出。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ResponseEventSignals {
    pub protocol_progress: bool,
+    pub output_start: bool,
    pub semantic_output: bool,
    pub reasoning_output: bool,
    pub text_output: bool,
@@ -194,13 +196,22 @@ pub struct ResponseEventSignals {

 /// 从已解析的 Responses 事件提取计时语义。
 ///
-/// 生命周期帧和结构帧不会被当作输出。`response.output_item.done` 与终态帧只有
-/// 实际携带文本、工具参数、推理或图片结果时才算语义输出。
+/// `output_start` 在任意非前导、非失败事件上置位（含结构帧
+/// `response.output_item.added`/`content_part.added`），用于开启首字计时；前导帧
+/// （`response.created`/`response.in_progress`）与失败帧不置位。语义输出仍要求
+/// 实际携带文本、工具参数、推理或图片结果，`response.output_item.done` 与终态帧
+/// 只有携带语义内容才算。
 pub fn response_event_signals(event_type: Option<&str>, value: &Value) -> ResponseEventSignals {
    let mut signals = ResponseEventSignals {
        protocol_progress: !matches!(event_type, Some("response.failed" | "error")),
        ..ResponseEventSignals::default()
    };
+    signals.output_start = event_type.is_some_and(|event_type| {
+        !matches!(
+            event_type,
+            "response.created" | "response.in_progress" | "response.failed" | "error"
+        )
+    });
    match event_type {
        Some("response.output_text.delta") => {
            signals.text_output = non_empty_string(value.get("delta"));
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
 use crate::transport::protocol::responses::CodexResponsesRequest;

 const PASSTHROUGH_HEADERS_CONTEXT_KEY: &str = "opaque_request_headers";
+const THREAD_SPAWN_SUBAGENT_KIND: &str = "thread_spawn";
+const THREAD_SPAWN_CONVERSATION_PREFIX: &str = "thread-spawn:";

 const CROSS_ACCOUNT_IDENTITY_KEYS: &[&str] = &[
    "authorization",
@@ -160,28 +162,52 @@ fn string_value(value: Option<&Value>) -> Option<String> {
 pub(crate) fn derive_conversation_anchor(
    request: &CodexResponsesRequest,
 ) -> Option<(&'static str, String)> {
+    thread_spawn_conversation_anchor(request).or_else(|| {
+        request
+            .client_session_id
+            .as_deref()
+            .map(|value| ("session", value.to_owned()))
+            .or_else(|| {
+                request
+                    .client_conversation_id
+                    .as_deref()
+                    .map(|value| ("conversation", value.to_owned()))
+            })
+            .or_else(|| {
+                request
+                    .client_thread_id
+                    .as_deref()
+                    .map(|value| ("thread", value.to_owned()))
+            })
+            .or_else(|| {
+                request
+                    .prompt_cache_key()
+                    .map(|value| ("prompt-cache", value.to_owned()))
+            })
+            .or_else(|| derive_stable_conversation_key(request).map(|value| ("request", value)))
+    })
+}
+
+/// A `thread_spawn` shares its parent session but is a separate child execution.
+/// Its child thread must therefore own the affinity and WebSocket pool identity.
+fn thread_spawn_conversation_anchor(
+    request: &CodexResponsesRequest,
+) -> Option<(&'static str, String)> {
+    if request.subagent_kind().as_deref() != Some(THREAD_SPAWN_SUBAGENT_KIND) {
+        return None;
+    }
+
    request
-        .client_session_id
+        .client_thread_id
        .as_deref()
-        .map(|value| ("session", value.to_owned()))
-        .or_else(|| {
-            request
-                .client_conversation_id
-                .as_deref()
-                .map(|value| ("conversation", value.to_owned()))
+        .map(str::trim)
+        .filter(|thread_id| !thread_id.is_empty())
+        .map(|thread_id| {
+            (
+                "subagent-thread",
+                format!("{THREAD_SPAWN_CONVERSATION_PREFIX}{thread_id}"),
+            )
        })
-        .or_else(|| {
-            request
-                .client_thread_id
-                .as_deref()
-                .map(|value| ("thread", value.to_owned()))
-        })
-        .or_else(|| {
-            request
-                .prompt_cache_key()
-                .map(|value| ("prompt-cache", value.to_owned()))
-        })
-        .or_else(|| derive_stable_conversation_key(request).map(|value| ("request", value)))
 }

 const LEADING_SYSTEM_REMINDER_OPEN: &str = "<system-reminder>";
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 use std::fmt;

 use bytes::Bytes;
-use gateway_protocol::openai::events::is_rate_limit_header_name;
+use gateway_protocol::openai::events::{is_codex_quota_header_name, is_rate_limit_header_name};
 use reqwest::header::{HeaderMap, SET_COOKIE};

 use super::diagnostics::CodexUpstreamDiagnostics;
@@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ fn client_response_header_is_forwardable(name: &str, connection_options: &[Strin
    {
        return false;
    }
+    if is_codex_quota_header_name(&name) {
+        return false;
+    }

    !matches!(
        name.as_str(),
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use gateway_admin::model::provider_credentials::{
    AuthorizationMutationTarget, AuthorizationOwnerBinding, CompleteAuthorization,
    PendingAuthorizationMutation, PrepareCredentialImport, PrepareCredentialRefresh,
    PrepareCredentialRotation, ProviderDocument, ProviderExportCredentialInput,
-    ProviderQuotaRequest,
+    ProviderQuotaRequest, QuotaLocalUsageAttribution,
 };
 use gateway_admin::model::{MutationActor, MutationContext, Revision};
 use gateway_admin::ports::provider::ProviderAdminErrorKind;
@@ -82,6 +82,22 @@ async fn openai_bundle_exposes_one_core_provider_and_drains_worker_contributions
        panic!("Desktop release worker must be scheduled");
    };
    assert_eq!(schedule.interval(), APPCAST_POLL_INTERVAL);
+    let cli_release_worker = contributions
+        .iter()
+        .find_map(|contribution| match contribution {
+            WorkerContribution::Registration(registration)
+                if registration.id.owner() == "openai-cli-release" =>
+            {
+                Some(registration)
+            }
+            WorkerContribution::Registration(_) | WorkerContribution::Disabled { .. } => None,
+        })
+        .expect("CLI release worker");
+    assert_eq!(cli_release_worker.id.kind(), WorkerKind::QuotaCatalogHealth);
+    let WorkerRunnable::Scheduled { schedule, .. } = &cli_release_worker.runnable else {
+        panic!("CLI release worker must be scheduled");
+    };
+    assert_eq!(schedule.interval(), APPCAST_POLL_INTERVAL);
    assert!(contributions.iter().any(|contribution| {
        matches!(
            contribution,
@@ -101,13 +117,21 @@ async fn openai_admin_provider_exposes_live_wire_profile_and_validated_billing()
        .expect("OpenAI bundle");
    let admin = bundle.admin_provider();
    let profile = admin.dashboard_wire_profile().expect("wire profile");
+    assert_eq!(profile.version, "0.102.0");
+    assert_eq!(profile.build, None);
+    assert_eq!(profile.target.os_type, "Mac OS");
+    assert_eq!(profile.target.os_version, "15.5.0");
+    assert_eq!(
+        profile.user_agent,
+        "Codex Desktop/0.102.0 (Mac OS 15.5.0; arm64) xterm-256color (Codex Desktop; 1.2026.190)"
+    );
    assert_eq!(
        profile
            .attributes
            .iter()
-            .find(|attribute| attribute.label == "Codex Core")
+            .find(|attribute| attribute.label == "客户端标识")
            .map(|attribute| attribute.value.as_str()),
-        Some("0.102.0")
+        Some("Codex Desktop; 1.2026.190")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        profile.release.as_ref().map(|release| release.status),
@@ -479,6 +503,16 @@ async fn openai_admin_provider_projects_official_codex_quota_and_independent_buc
                    "limit_window_seconds": 604_800
                }
            }
+        }, {
+            "limit_name": "GPT-5.3-Codex-Spark",
+            "metered_feature": "codex_bengalfox",
+            "rate_limit": {
+                "primary_window": {
+                    "used_percent": 0,
+                    "reset_at": 1_900_000_000,
+                    "limit_window_seconds": 604_800
+                }
+            }
        }]
    });
    store
@@ -542,6 +576,23 @@ async fn openai_admin_provider_projects_official_codex_quota_and_independent_buc
        .find(|window| window.source.as_deref() == Some("code_review"))
        .expect("code review quota");
    assert_eq!(review.label, "代码审查 · 周额度");
+    let spark = quota
+        .windows
+        .iter()
+        .find(|window| window.source.as_deref() == Some("codex_bengalfox"))
+        .expect("Spark quota");
+    assert_eq!(
+        (
+            monthly[0].local_usage_attribution,
+            review.local_usage_attribution,
+            spark.local_usage_attribution,
+        ),
+        (
+            QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide,
+            QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::Unavailable,
+            QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::Unavailable,
+        ),
+    );
 }

 #[tokio::test]
@@ -741,7 +792,7 @@ fn account_record(account: &ProviderAccount) -> AccountRecord {
        provider_kind: account.provider().clone(),
        name: account.name().to_owned(),
        email: account.email().map(str::to_owned),
-        upstream_user_id: account.upstream_user_id().to_owned(),
+        upstream_user_id: account.upstream_user_id().map(str::to_owned),
        upstream_account_id: account.upstream_account_id().map(str::to_owned),
        plan_type: account.plan_type().map(str::to_owned),
        authentication_kind: account.authentication_kind().to_owned(),
@@ -771,7 +822,7 @@ fn valid_config() -> TestOpenAiConfig {
        codex_version: "0.102.0".to_owned(),
        desktop_version: "1.2026.190".to_owned(),
        desktop_build: "19012345678".to_owned(),
-        os_type: "macOS".to_owned(),
+        os_type: "Mac OS".to_owned(),
        os_version: "15.5.0".to_owned(),
        arch: "arm64".to_owned(),
        terminal: "xterm-256color".to_owned(),
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ fn openai_config_builds_the_audited_wire_profile() {

    assert_eq!(
        profile.user_agent(),
-        "Codex Desktop/0.102.0 (macOS 15.5.0; arm64) xterm-256color"
+        "Codex Desktop/0.102.0 (Mac OS 15.5.0; arm64) xterm-256color (Codex Desktop; 1.2026.190)"
    );
    assert_eq!(profile.desktop_build, "19012345678");
 }
@@ -124,6 +124,10 @@ fn openai_config_defaults_to_the_provider_owned_operating_values() {
            "https://auth.openai.com/oauth/token",
        )
    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        config.wire_profile_state().snapshot().user_agent(),
+        "Codex Desktop/0.146.0 (Mac OS 15.7.1; arm64) unknown (Codex Desktop; 26.727.51351)"
+    );
 }

 fn valid_config() -> OpenAiConfig {
@@ -133,7 +137,7 @@ fn valid_config() -> OpenAiConfig {
        codex_version: "0.102.0".to_owned(),
        desktop_version: "1.2026.190".to_owned(),
        desktop_build: "19012345678".to_owned(),
-        os_type: "macOS".to_owned(),
+        os_type: "Mac OS".to_owned(),
        os_version: "15.5.0".to_owned(),
        arch: "arm64".to_owned(),
        terminal: "xterm-256color".to_owned(),
@@ -1,804 +1,97 @@
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
-use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use std::time::Duration;
+use std::sync::Arc;

 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use base64::Engine as _;
-use base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD;
-use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};
-use ed25519_dalek::SigningKey;
-use ed25519_dalek::pkcs8::EncodePrivateKey as _;
-use futures::future::BoxFuture;
-use gateway_core::engine::credential::{
-    AccountAvailability, CredentialRevision, LoadedCredential, PlaintextCredential,
-    ProviderAccount, ProviderAccountId, ProviderAccountStore,
-};
-use gateway_core::provider_ports::{
-    ProviderLeaseAcquisition, ProviderLeasePort, ProviderLeaseRequest, ProviderRefreshLeaseRequest,
-    ProviderStoreError,
-};
-use gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind;
+use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD};
+use chrono::{TimeZone as _, Utc};
 use provider_openai::credential::token_client::{RefreshFailure, TokenPair, TokenRefresher};
-use provider_openai::credential::{
-    CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_AGENT_IDENTITY, CodexAccountIdentityVerifier,
-    CodexAgentIdentityAuthMode, CodexAgentIdentityCredentialData, CodexCredentialAdmin,
-    CodexCredentialAdminError, CodexCredentialAdminService, CodexCredentialCodec,
-    CodexIdentityExpectation, CodexIdentityVerification, CodexIdentityVerificationError,
-    ExportManagedCodexCredential, ImportCodexOAuthCredential, RotateManagedCodexCredential,
-};
-use secrecy::{ExposeSecret, SecretString};
+use provider_openai::credential::{CodexCredentialAdminService, CodexCredentialCodec};
+use secrecy::ExposeSecret as _;

-use crate::support::{MemoryAccountStore, codex_account, profile, runtime_policy, secret};
+use crate::support::{TestLeaseCoordinator, runtime_policy};

-fn import(id: &str, token: &str) -> ImportCodexOAuthCredential {
-    ImportCodexOAuthCredential {
-        account_id: id.to_owned(),
-        name: format!("name-{id}"),
-        secret: secret(token),
-        verified_account: profile(&format!("chatgpt-{id}")),
-        next_refresh_at: Some(chrono::Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::minutes(30)),
-        enabled: true,
+struct UnusedRefresher;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl TokenRefresher for UnusedRefresher {
+    async fn refresh(&self, _refresh_token: &str) -> Result<TokenPair, RefreshFailure> {
+        panic!("a direct access-token import must not refresh its refresh token")
    }
 }

-fn encoded_credential(account_id: &str, token: &str) -> PlaintextCredential {
-    CodexCredentialCodec::encode_new(&secret(token), &profile(account_id), Vec::new())
-        .expect("encode current credential")
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn prepare_import_returns_core_account_with_plaintext_json() {
-    let prepared = CodexCredentialAdmin
-        .prepare_import(import("acct_import", "access-import"))
-        .expect("prepare import");
-    assert_eq!(prepared.account.id().as_str(), "acct_import");
-    assert_eq!(prepared.account.provider().as_str(), "openai");
-    assert_eq!(
-        prepared
-            .credential
-            .expose_to_provider()
-            .get("access_token")
-            .and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str),
-        Some("access-import")
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn prepare_rotation_preserves_provider_owned_cookie_data() {
-    let account = codex_account("acct_rotate");
-    let mut credential = encoded_credential("chatgpt-acct_rotate", "old-access");
-    credential
-        .expose_to_provider()
-        .get("access_token")
-        .expect("access token");
-    let mut data = CodexCredentialCodec::decode_complete(&credential).expect("decode data");
-    data.oauth_mut().expect("OAuth data").oauth_client_id = Some("oauth-client".to_owned());
-    credential = CodexCredentialCodec::encode_complete(data).expect("encode complete data");
-    let prepared = CodexCredentialAdmin
-        .prepare_rotation(RotateManagedCodexCredential {
-            current: LoadedCredential {
-                account,
-                credential,
-            },
-            secret: secret("new-access"),
-            verified_account: profile("chatgpt-acct_rotate"),
-            next_refresh_at: Some(chrono::Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::minutes(30)),
-        })
-        .expect("prepare rotation");
-    let decoded = CodexCredentialCodec::decode(prepared.credential.credential())
-        .expect("decode prepared credential");
-    assert_eq!(
-        decoded
-            .authentication
-            .oauth()
-            .expect("OAuth credential")
-            .access_token
-            .expose_secret(),
-        "new-access"
-    );
-    assert_eq!(decoded.oauth_client_id.as_deref(), Some("oauth-client"));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn prepare_rotation_rejects_account_rebinding() {
-    let error = CodexCredentialAdmin
-        .prepare_rotation(RotateManagedCodexCredential {
-            current: LoadedCredential {
-                account: codex_account("acct_rotate"),
-                credential: encoded_credential("chatgpt-acct_rotate", "old-access"),
-            },
-            secret: secret("new-access"),
-            verified_account: profile("chatgpt-other"),
-            next_refresh_at: Some(chrono::Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::minutes(30)),
-        })
-        .expect_err("identity rebinding must fail");
-    assert_eq!(error, CodexCredentialAdminError::IdentityMismatch);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn prepare_rotation_rejects_principal_rebinding_without_full_authorization() {
-    let mut rebound = profile("chatgpt-acct_rotate");
-    rebound.oauth_subject = "different-subject".to_owned();
-    rebound.poid = None;
-    let error = CodexCredentialAdmin
-        .prepare_rotation(RotateManagedCodexCredential {
-            current: LoadedCredential {
-                account: codex_account("acct_rotate"),
-                credential: encoded_credential("chatgpt-acct_rotate", "old-access"),
-            },
-            secret: secret("new-access"),
-            verified_account: rebound,
-            next_refresh_at: Some(chrono::Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::minutes(30)),
-        })
-        .expect_err("non-authorization rotation cannot replace the principal");
-
-    assert_eq!(error, CodexCredentialAdminError::IdentityMismatch);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn prepared_commands_debug_never_prints_tokens() {
-    let prepared = CodexCredentialAdmin
-        .prepare_import(import("acct_debug", "debug-secret"))
-        .expect("prepare import");
-    assert!(!format!("{prepared:?}").contains("debug-secret"));
-    let _: PlaintextCredential = prepared.credential;
-}
-
-fn export_item(id: &str, token: &str) -> ExportManagedCodexCredential {
-    ExportManagedCodexCredential {
-        current: LoadedCredential {
-            account: codex_account(id),
-            credential: encoded_credential(&format!("chatgpt-{id}"), token),
-        },
-        added_at: Utc
-            .with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 7, 18, 2, 47, 1)
-            .single()
-            .expect("added at"),
-        updated_at: Utc
-            .with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 7, 19, 3, 0, 0)
-            .single()
-            .expect("updated at"),
-    }
-}
-
-fn agent_export_item(id: &str) -> (ExportManagedCodexCredential, String) {
-    let signing_key = SigningKey::from_bytes(&[7; 32]);
-    let private_key = STANDARD.encode(
-        signing_key
-            .to_pkcs8_der()
-            .expect("encode Agent Identity key")
-            .as_bytes(),
-    );
-    let credential =
-        CodexCredentialCodec::encode_agent_identity(CodexAgentIdentityCredentialData {
-            schema_version: 1,
-            auth_mode: CodexAgentIdentityAuthMode::AgentIdentity,
-            installation_id: "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000007".to_owned(),
-            agent_runtime_id: "runtime-export".to_owned(),
-            agent_private_key: private_key.clone(),
-            task_id: Some("task-export".to_owned()),
-            cookies: Vec::new(),
-        })
-        .expect("encode Agent Identity credential");
-    let account = ProviderAccount::new(
-        ProviderAccountId::new(id.to_owned()).expect("account id"),
-        ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider"),
-        format!("Agent Identity {id}"),
-        "agent-user-export".to_owned(),
-        CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_AGENT_IDENTITY.to_owned(),
-        CredentialRevision::new(1).expect("revision"),
-        None,
-    )
-    .with_profile(
-        Some("agent-export@example.com".to_owned()),
-        Some("agent-account-export".to_owned()),
-        Some("pro".to_owned()),
-    )
-    .with_runtime_state(true, AccountAvailability::Ready)
-    .with_refresh_schedule(false, None);
-    (
-        ExportManagedCodexCredential {
-            current: LoadedCredential {
-                account,
-                credential,
-            },
-            added_at: Utc
-                .with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 7, 18, 2, 47, 1)
-                .single()
-                .expect("added at"),
-            updated_at: Utc
-                .with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 7, 19, 3, 0, 0)
-                .single()
-                .expect("updated at"),
-        },
-        private_key,
-    )
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn cpr_export_matches_the_canonical_real_document_shape() {
-    let document = CodexCredentialAdmin
-        .format_cpr_export(vec![export_item("acct_export", "export-secret")])
-        .expect("format export");
-    assert_eq!(document.len(), 1);
-    let value = document.into_json().expect("serialize export");
-    assert_eq!(value["sourceFormat"], "cpr");
-    let account = &value["accounts"][0];
-    let mut keys = account
-        .as_object()
-        .expect("account object")
-        .keys()
-        .map(String::as_str)
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-    keys.sort_unstable();
-    assert_eq!(
-        keys,
-        [
-            "accessTokenExpiresAt",
-            "accountId",
-            "addedAt",
-            "email",
-            "id",
-            "label",
-            "planType",
-            "refreshToken",
-            "status",
-            "token",
-            "updatedAt",
-            "userId",
-        ]
-    );
-    assert_eq!(account["id"], "acct_export");
-    assert_eq!(account["token"], "export-secret");
-    assert_eq!(account["refreshToken"], "rt-export-secret");
-    assert_eq!(account["status"], "active");
-    assert!(
-        account["addedAt"]
-            .as_str()
-            .is_some_and(|value| value.ends_with("+08:00"))
-    );
-    assert!(
-        account["accessTokenExpiresAt"]
-            .as_str()
-            .is_some_and(|value| value.ends_with("+00:00"))
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn cpr_export_batch_validation_and_debug_are_secret_safe() {
-    assert_eq!(
-        CodexCredentialAdmin
-            .format_cpr_export(Vec::new())
-            .expect_err("empty export"),
-        CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput
-    );
-    let duplicate = CodexCredentialAdmin
-        .format_cpr_export(vec![
-            export_item("acct_duplicate_export", "first-secret"),
-            export_item("acct_duplicate_export", "second-secret"),
-        ])
-        .expect_err("duplicate export account");
-    assert_eq!(duplicate, CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput);
-
-    let document = CodexCredentialAdmin
-        .format_cpr_export(vec![export_item("acct_debug_export", "never-print-me")])
-        .expect("export document");
-    let debug = format!("{document:?}");
-    assert!(!debug.contains("never-print-me"));
-    assert!(!debug.contains("rt-never-print-me"));
-    assert!(debug.contains("account_count: 1"));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn cpr_export_preserves_agent_identity_material_without_oauth_fields() {
-    let (item, private_key) = agent_export_item("acct_agent_export");
-    let value = CodexCredentialAdmin
-        .format_cpr_export(vec![item])
-        .expect("Agent Identity export")
-        .into_json()
-        .expect("serialize Agent Identity export");
-    let account = &value["accounts"][0];
-
-    assert_eq!(account["authMode"], "agentIdentity");
-    assert_eq!(account["agentRuntimeId"], "runtime-export");
-    assert!(
-        account["agentPrivateKey"]
-            .as_str()
-            .is_some_and(|value| value == private_key)
-    );
-    assert_eq!(account["taskId"], "task-export");
-    assert!(account.get("token").is_none());
-    assert!(account.get("refreshToken").is_none());
-    assert!(account.get("accessTokenExpiresAt").is_none());
-}
-
 #[tokio::test]
-async fn cpr_export_and_import_support_mixed_oauth_and_agent_identity_accounts() {
-    let (agent, _) = agent_export_item("acct_mixed_agent");
-    let value = CodexCredentialAdmin
-        .format_cpr_export(vec![
-            export_item("acct_mixed_oauth", "token-acct_mixed_oauth"),
-            agent,
-        ])
-        .expect("mixed export")
-        .into_json()
-        .expect("serialize mixed export");
-
-    let prepared = import_service(unused_import_refresher())
-        .prepare_import_document(value)
-        .await
-        .expect("mixed CPR import");
-    assert_eq!(prepared.accounts().len(), 2);
-    assert!(prepared.accounts().iter().any(|account| {
-        account.account.authentication_kind() == CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_AGENT_IDENTITY
-    }));
-    assert!(
-        prepared
-            .accounts()
-            .iter()
-            .any(|account| { account.account.authentication_kind() == "oauth" })
-    );
-}
-
-pub(super) struct ManualRefresher {
-    outcome: Mutex<Option<Result<TokenPair, RefreshFailure>>>,
-    seen: Mutex<Vec<String>>,
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl TokenRefresher for ManualRefresher {
-    async fn refresh(&self, refresh_token: &str) -> Result<TokenPair, RefreshFailure> {
-        self.seen
-            .lock()
-            .expect("seen refresh tokens")
-            .push(refresh_token.to_owned());
-        self.outcome
-            .lock()
-            .expect("refresh outcome")
-            .take()
-            .expect("one refresh outcome")
-    }
-}
-
-struct ManualVerifier;
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl CodexAccountIdentityVerifier for ManualVerifier {
-    async fn verify(
-        &self,
-        secret: &provider_openai::credential::CodexOAuthSecret,
-        _expectation: &CodexIdentityExpectation,
-    ) -> Result<CodexIdentityVerification, CodexIdentityVerificationError> {
-        if secret.access_token.expose_secret() != "refreshed-access" {
-            return Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected);
-        }
-        Ok(CodexIdentityVerification::Complete(profile(
-            "chatgpt-acct_manual_refresh",
-        )))
-    }
-
-    async fn verify_authorization(
-        &self,
-        _secret: &provider_openai::credential::CodexOAuthSecret,
-        _id_token: &SecretString,
-        _expected_nonce: &SecretString,
-        _expectation: &CodexIdentityExpectation,
-    ) -> Result<CodexIdentityVerification, CodexIdentityVerificationError> {
-        Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected)
-    }
-}
-
-struct DropCountGuard(Arc<AtomicUsize>);
-
-impl Drop for DropCountGuard {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.0.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
-    }
-}
-
-struct ManualLeases {
-    requests: Mutex<Vec<ProviderRefreshLeaseRequest>>,
-    drops: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
-    available: bool,
-}
-
-impl ProviderLeasePort for ManualLeases {
-    fn load_state<'a>(
-        &'a self,
-        _: &'a gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind,
-        _: &'a [ProviderAccountId],
-    ) -> BoxFuture<
-        'a,
-        Result<gateway_core::provider_ports::ProviderSchedulingState, ProviderStoreError>,
-    > {
-        Box::pin(async {
-            Ok(gateway_core::provider_ports::ProviderSchedulingState::new(
-                Default::default(),
-                0,
-            ))
-        })
-    }
-
-    fn try_acquire(
-        &self,
-        request: ProviderLeaseRequest,
-    ) -> BoxFuture<'_, Result<ProviderLeaseAcquisition, ProviderStoreError>> {
-        Box::pin(async move {
-            match request {
-                ProviderLeaseRequest::RefreshCapacity(_) => {}
-                ProviderLeaseRequest::Refresh(request) => {
-                    self.requests.lock().expect("lease requests").push(request);
-                }
-                ProviderLeaseRequest::Scheduling(_) => panic!("unexpected scheduling lease"),
-            }
-            Ok(if self.available {
-                ProviderLeaseAcquisition::Acquired(Box::new(DropCountGuard(Arc::clone(
-                    &self.drops,
-                ))))
-            } else {
-                ProviderLeaseAcquisition::Busy { retry_after: None }
-            })
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-async fn manual_refresh_fixture(
-    outcome: Result<TokenPair, RefreshFailure>,
-    available: bool,
-) -> (
-    Arc<MemoryAccountStore>,
-    Arc<ManualRefresher>,
-    Arc<ManualLeases>,
-    CodexCredentialAdminService,
-) {
-    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
-    store
-        .seed_oauth_credential(ImportCodexOAuthCredential {
-            account_id: "acct_manual_refresh".to_owned(),
-            name: "manual refresh".to_owned(),
-            secret: secret("old-access"),
-            verified_account: profile("chatgpt-acct_manual_refresh"),
-            next_refresh_at: Some(chrono::Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::minutes(30)),
-            enabled: true,
-        })
-        .await;
-    let refresher = Arc::new(ManualRefresher {
-        outcome: Mutex::new(Some(outcome)),
-        seen: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
-    });
-    let leases = Arc::new(ManualLeases {
-        requests: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
-        drops: Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0)),
-        available,
-    });
+async fn direct_import_persists_opaque_tokens_without_profile_or_token_validation() {
    let service = CodexCredentialAdminService::new(
-        refresher.clone(),
-        Arc::new(ManualVerifier),
-        leases.clone(),
+        Arc::new(UnusedRefresher),
+        Arc::new(TestLeaseCoordinator::default()),
        runtime_policy(),
    );
-    (store, refresher, leases, service)
-}
-
-fn refreshed_tokens() -> TokenPair {
-    TokenPair {
-        access_token: "refreshed-access".to_owned(),
-        refresh_token: Some("rotated-refresh".to_owned()),
-        expires_in: Duration::from_secs(3_600),
-    }
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn manual_refresh_prepares_revision_fenced_rotation_without_store_mutation() {
-    let (store, refresher, leases, service) =
-        manual_refresh_fixture(Ok(refreshed_tokens()), true).await;
-    let account_id = ProviderAccountId::new("acct_manual_refresh").expect("account id");
-    let current = store
-        .load_current_credential(&account_id)
-        .await
-        .expect("current credential");
    let prepared = service
-        .manual_refresh(current)
+        .prepare_import_document(serde_json::json!({
+            "token": " ",
+            "refresh_token": "",
+            "id_token": "not.a.parseable.jwt"
+        }))
        .await
-        .expect("manual refresh");
+        .expect("opaque direct import must be accepted");

-    assert_eq!(prepared.credential.account_id(), &account_id);
-    assert_eq!(prepared.credential.expected_revision().get(), 1);
-    let runtime = CodexCredentialCodec::decode(prepared.credential.credential())
-        .expect("prepared credential");
+    let account = prepared.accounts().first().expect("one prepared account");
+    let runtime = CodexCredentialCodec::decode(&account.credential).expect("stored credential");
+    let oauth = runtime.authentication.oauth().expect("OAuth credential");
+    assert_eq!(oauth.access_token.expose_secret(), " ");
    assert_eq!(
-        runtime
-            .authentication
-            .oauth()
-            .expect("OAuth credential")
-            .access_token
-            .expose_secret(),
-        "refreshed-access"
-    );
-    assert_eq!(
-        runtime
-            .authentication
-            .oauth()
-            .expect("OAuth credential")
+        oauth
            .refresh_token
            .as_ref()
-            .expect("rotated refresh")
+            .expect("provided refresh token")
            .expose_secret(),
-        "rotated-refresh"
+        ""
    );
    assert_eq!(
-        store
-            .account("acct_manual_refresh")
-            .expect("account")
-            .revision()
-            .get(),
-        1
+        oauth
+            .id_token
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("provided ID token")
+            .expose_secret(),
+        "not.a.parseable.jwt"
    );
-    assert_eq!(
-        refresher.seen.lock().expect("seen tokens").as_slice(),
-        ["rt-old-access"]
-    );
-    assert_eq!(leases.drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 0);
-    drop(prepared);
-    assert_eq!(leases.drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 2);
+    assert!(account.account.upstream_user_id().is_none());
+    assert!(account.account.access_token_expires_at().is_none());
+    assert!(account.account.next_refresh_at().is_none());
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn manual_refresh_missing_lease_fails_before_exchange() {
-    let (store, unavailable_refresher, _, unavailable_service) =
-        manual_refresh_fixture(Ok(refreshed_tokens()), false).await;
-    let account_id = ProviderAccountId::new("acct_manual_refresh").expect("account id");
-    let current = store
-        .load_current_credential(&account_id)
-        .await
-        .expect("current credential");
-    let unavailable = unavailable_service
-        .manual_refresh(current)
-        .await
-        .expect_err("lease unavailable");
-    assert_eq!(
-        unavailable,
-        CodexCredentialAdminError::RefreshLeaseUnavailable
+async fn direct_import_projects_access_token_jwt_expiry_without_persisting_refresh_margin() {
+    let expires_at = Utc
+        .timestamp_opt(2_000_000_000, 0)
+        .single()
+        .expect("valid test timestamp");
+    let access_token = format!(
+        "unverified-header.{}.unverified-signature",
+        URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(
+            serde_json::to_vec(&serde_json::json!({"exp": expires_at.timestamp()}))
+                .expect("test JWT payload"),
+        )
    );
-    assert!(
-        unavailable_refresher
-            .seen
-            .lock()
-            .expect("seen tokens")
-            .is_empty()
-    );
-}
-
-struct ImportVerifier;
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl CodexAccountIdentityVerifier for ImportVerifier {
-    async fn verify(
-        &self,
-        secret: &provider_openai::credential::CodexOAuthSecret,
-        expectation: &CodexIdentityExpectation,
-    ) -> Result<CodexIdentityVerification, CodexIdentityVerificationError> {
-        let suffix = secret
-            .access_token
-            .expose_secret()
-            .strip_prefix("token-")
-            .ok_or(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected)?;
-        let mut profile = profile(&format!("chatgpt-{suffix}"));
-        if let Some(user) = suffix.strip_prefix("shared-") {
-            profile.chatgpt_account_id = "chatgpt-shared".to_owned();
-            profile.chatgpt_user_id = format!("user-{user}");
-        }
-        if expectation
-            .chatgpt_account_id()
-            .is_some_and(|expected| expected != profile.chatgpt_account_id)
-            || expectation
-                .chatgpt_user_id()
-                .is_some_and(|expected| expected != profile.chatgpt_user_id)
-        {
-            return Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected);
-        }
-        Ok(CodexIdentityVerification::Complete(profile))
-    }
-
-    async fn verify_authorization(
-        &self,
-        _secret: &provider_openai::credential::CodexOAuthSecret,
-        _id_token: &SecretString,
-        _expected_nonce: &SecretString,
-        _expectation: &CodexIdentityExpectation,
-    ) -> Result<CodexIdentityVerification, CodexIdentityVerificationError> {
-        Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected)
-    }
-}
-
-pub(super) fn import_service(
-    refresher: Arc<ManualRefresher>,
-) -> provider_openai::credential::CodexCredentialAdminService {
-    CodexCredentialAdminService::new(
-        refresher,
-        Arc::new(ImportVerifier),
-        Arc::new(ManualLeases {
-            requests: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
-            drops: Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0)),
-            available: true,
-        }),
+    let service = CodexCredentialAdminService::new(
+        Arc::new(UnusedRefresher),
+        Arc::new(TestLeaseCoordinator::default()),
        runtime_policy(),
-    )
-}
-
-pub(super) fn unused_import_refresher() -> Arc<ManualRefresher> {
-    Arc::new(ManualRefresher {
-        outcome: Mutex::new(Some(Err(RefreshFailure::InvalidGrant))),
-        seen: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
-    })
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn oauth_import_uses_only_tokens_and_verified_identity() {
-    let refresher = unused_import_refresher();
-    let prepared = import_service(refresher.clone())
+    );
+    let prepared = service
        .prepare_import_document(serde_json::json!({
-            "sourceFormat": "cpr",
-            "accounts": [{
-                "id": "acct_cpr_import",
-                "email": "cpr@example.com",
-                "accountId": "chatgpt-cpr",
-                "userId": "user-chatgpt-cpr",
-                "label": "CPR account",
-                "planType": "pro",
-                "token": "Bearer token-cpr",
-                "refreshToken": "refresh-cpr",
-                "accessTokenExpiresAt": "2100-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
-                "status": "disabled",
-                "addedAt": "2026-07-18T10:47:01+08:00",
-                "updatedAt": "2026-07-19T11:00:00+08:00",
-                "unrelated": { "value": true }
-            }]
+            "token": access_token,
+            "refresh_token": "refresh-token"
        }))
        .await
-        .expect("CPR import");
-    assert_eq!(prepared.accounts().len(), 1);
-    let account = &prepared.accounts()[0];
-    assert!(account.account.id().as_str().starts_with("acct_"));
-    assert!(account.account.enabled());
-    assert_eq!(account.account.upstream_account_id(), Some("chatgpt-cpr"));
-    let runtime = CodexCredentialCodec::decode(&account.credential).expect("credential");
+        .expect("direct JWT import must be accepted");
+
+    let account = prepared.accounts().first().expect("one prepared account");
    assert_eq!(
-        runtime
-            .authentication
-            .oauth()
-            .expect("OAuth credential")
-            .access_token
-            .expose_secret(),
-        "token-cpr"
+        account
+            .account
+            .access_token_expires_at()
+            .map(chrono::DateTime::<Utc>::from),
+        Some(expires_at)
    );
-    assert!(refresher.seen.lock().expect("seen tokens").is_empty());
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn cpr_batch_allows_distinct_users_in_the_same_workspace() {
-    let prepared = import_service(unused_import_refresher())
-        .prepare_import_document(serde_json::json!({
-            "sourceFormat": "cpr",
-            "accounts": [{
-                "id": "acct_shared_a",
-                "accountId": "chatgpt-shared",
-                "userId": "user-a",
-                "token": "token-shared-a"
-            }, {
-                "id": "acct_shared_b",
-                "accountId": "chatgpt-shared",
-                "userId": "user-b",
-                "token": "token-shared-b"
-            }]
-        }))
-        .await
-        .expect("distinct users sharing one workspace are separate credentials");
-
-    assert_eq!(prepared.accounts().len(), 2);
-    assert!(
-        prepared
-            .accounts()
-            .iter()
-            .all(|account| { account.account.upstream_account_id() == Some("chatgpt-shared") })
-    );
-
-    let duplicate = import_service(unused_import_refresher())
-        .prepare_import_document(serde_json::json!({
-            "sourceFormat": "cpr",
-            "accounts": [{
-                "id": "acct_duplicate_a",
-                "accountId": "chatgpt-shared",
-                "userId": "user-a",
-                "token": "token-shared-a"
-            }, {
-                "id": "acct_duplicate_b",
-                "accountId": "chatgpt-shared",
-                "userId": "user-a",
-                "token": "token-shared-a"
-            }]
-        }))
-        .await
-        .expect_err("the same upstream user and workspace must stay unique");
-    assert_eq!(duplicate, CodexCredentialAdminError::InvalidInput);
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn oauth_import_extracts_tokens_without_parsing_source_projections() {
-    let bundle = import_service(unused_import_refresher())
-        .prepare_import_document(serde_json::json!({
-            "exported_at": "2026-07-03T15:46:38.717Z",
-            "proxies": [],
-            "accounts": [{
-                "name": "bundle@example.com",
-                "platform": "openai",
-                "type": "oauth",
-                "credentials": {
-                    "access_token": "token-bundle",
-                    "refresh_token": "refresh-bundle",
-                    "chatgpt_account_id": "chatgpt-bundle",
-                    "chatgpt_user_id": "user-chatgpt-bundle"
-                },
-                "concurrency": 3,
-                "priority": 50
-            }]
-        }))
-        .await
-        .expect("credential bundle import");
-    let auth_document = import_service(unused_import_refresher())
-        .prepare_import_document(serde_json::json!({
-            "accounts": [{
-                "type": "openai",
-                "access_token": "token-auth-document",
-                "refresh_token": "refresh-auth-document",
-                "chatgpt_account_id": "chatgpt-auth-document",
-                "chatgpt_user_id": "user-chatgpt-auth-document",
-                "email": "auth-document@example.com",
-                "label": "Auth document"
-            }]
-        }))
-        .await
-        .expect("auth document import");
-
-    for (prepared, expected) in [
-        (&bundle, "chatgpt-bundle"),
-        (&auth_document, "chatgpt-auth-document"),
-    ] {
-        assert_eq!(prepared.accounts().len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(
-            prepared.accounts()[0].account.upstream_account_id(),
-            Some(expected)
-        );
-        assert!(
-            prepared.accounts()[0]
-                .account
-                .id()
-                .as_str()
-                .starts_with("acct_")
-        );
-    }
-    assert!(!format!("{bundle:?} {auth_document:?}").contains("refresh-bundle"));
-    assert!(!format!("{bundle:?} {auth_document:?}").contains("refresh-auth-document"));
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn cliproxyapi_codex_auth_file_is_recognized_as_an_openai_auth_document() {
-    let prepared = import_service(unused_import_refresher())
-        .prepare_import_document(serde_json::json!({
-            "type": "codex",
-            "access_token": "token-cpa",
-            "refresh_token": "refresh-cpa",
-            "id_token": "id-cpa",
-            "account_id": "chatgpt-cpa",
-            "email": "cpa@example.com",
-            "expired": "2100-01-01T00:00:00Z"
-        }))
-        .await
-        .expect("CLIProxyAPI Codex auth file import");
-
-    assert_eq!(prepared.accounts().len(), 1);
-    let account = &prepared.accounts()[0].account;
-    assert_eq!(account.upstream_account_id(), Some("chatgpt-cpa"));
-    assert_eq!(account.email(), Some("chatgpt-cpa@example.com"));
-    assert_eq!(account.authentication_kind(), "oauth");
+    assert!(account.account.next_refresh_at().is_none());
 }
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ use reqwest::StatusCode;
 use secrecy::ExposeSecret as _;
 use serde_json::Value;

-use super::admin::{import_service, unused_import_refresher};
 use crate::support::MemoryAccountStore;

 fn signing_fixture(seed: u8) -> (SigningKey, String) {
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ fn agent_account(
        account_id,
        provider,
        "Agent Identity test".to_owned(),
-        "agent-user".to_owned(),
+        Some("agent-user".to_owned()),
        CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_AGENT_IDENTITY.to_owned(),
        CredentialRevision::new(1).expect("revision"),
        None,
@@ -232,29 +231,3 @@ async fn task_registration_and_recovery_are_revision_fenced() {
    assert_eq!(fenced.account.revision().get(), 3);
    assert_eq!(registrar.calls.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 2);
 }
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn agent_identity_import_accepts_the_minimal_document_shape() {
-    let prepared = import_service(unused_import_refresher())
-        .prepare_import_document(serde_json::json!({
-            "auth_mode": "agentIdentity",
-            "agent_identity": {
-                "agent_runtime_id": "runtime-minimal",
-                "agent_private_key": signing_fixture(9).1,
-                "account_id": "chatgpt-minimal",
-                "chatgpt_user_id": "user-minimal",
-                "email": "minimal@example.com",
-                "plan_type": "pro"
-            }
-        }))
-        .await
-        .expect("minimal Agent Identity import");
-    assert_eq!(prepared.accounts().len(), 1);
-    let account = &prepared.accounts()[0].account;
-    assert_eq!(
-        account.authentication_kind(),
-        CODEX_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_AGENT_IDENTITY
-    );
-    assert_eq!(account.access_token_expires_at(), None);
-    assert!(!format!("{prepared:?}").contains("agent_private_key"));
-}
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ fn codec_reimport_preserves_existing_installation_id_for_the_same_principal() {
 }

 #[test]
-fn codec_reimport_rejects_installation_reuse_across_principals() {
+fn codec_reimport_preserves_installation_id_without_principal_validation() {
    let existing = CodexCredentialCodec::encode_new(
        &secret("existing-access-token"),
        &profile("chatgpt-existing-principal"),
@@ -248,7 +248,19 @@ fn codec_reimport_rejects_installation_reuse_across_principals() {
    )
    .expect("incoming credential");

-    assert!(CodexCredentialCodec::preserve_installation_id(&incoming, &existing).is_err());
+    let existing_id = CodexCredentialCodec::decode_complete(&existing)
+        .expect("existing data")
+        .installation_id()
+        .to_owned();
+    let preserved = CodexCredentialCodec::preserve_installation_id(&incoming, &existing)
+        .expect("preserve installation ID");
+    let preserved = CodexCredentialCodec::decode_complete(&preserved).expect("preserved data");
+
+    assert_eq!(preserved.installation_id(), existing_id);
+    assert_eq!(
+        preserved.oauth().expect("OAuth data").access_token,
+        "incoming-access-token"
+    );
 }

 #[test]
@@ -688,6 +700,43 @@ fn credential_expired_failure_marks_unified_account_expired() {
            .availability(),
        AccountAvailability::Expired
    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        store.last_error_message("acct_primary").as_deref(),
+        Some("upstream_credential_expired")
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn credential_expired_failure_keeps_expired_oauth_for_bounded_refresh_recovery() {
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
+    let mut expired_profile = profile("chatgpt-acct_primary");
+    expired_profile.access_token_expires_at =
+        Some(chrono::Utc::now() - chrono::Duration::minutes(1));
+    block_on(store.seed_oauth_credential(ImportCodexOAuthCredential {
+        account_id: "acct_primary".to_owned(),
+        name: "acct_primary".to_owned(),
+        secret: secret("at-primary"),
+        verified_account: expired_profile,
+        next_refresh_at: Some(chrono::Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::minutes(10)),
+        enabled: true,
+    }));
+    let account = store.account("acct_primary").expect("account");
+    let selector = selector(&store, Arc::new(TestLeaseCoordinator::default()));
+
+    block_on(selector.record_failure(
+        &account,
+        CodexAccountFailure::CredentialExpired,
+        Some("token_expired".to_owned()),
+    ))
+    .expect("record credential expiry");
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        store
+            .account("acct_primary")
+            .expect("account retained for refresh")
+            .availability(),
+        AccountAvailability::Ready
+    );
 }

 #[test]
@@ -1,629 +0,0 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
-
-use async_trait::async_trait;
-use jsonwebtoken::{Algorithm, EncodingKey, Header, encode, get_current_timestamp};
-use provider_openai::credential::token_client::OFFICIAL_CODEX_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID;
-use provider_openai::credential::{
-    CodexAccountIdentityService, CodexAccountIdentityVerifier, CodexAuthenticatedAccount,
-    CodexAuthenticatedAccountSource, CodexIdentityExpectation, CodexIdentityVerification,
-    CodexIdentityVerificationError, CodexJwksSource, CodexJwtIdentityVerifier, CodexOAuthSecret,
-    CodexSignedIdentityVerifier, OFFICIAL_OPENAI_API_AUDIENCE, OFFICIAL_OPENAI_ISSUER,
-    ReqwestOpenAiJwksSource,
-};
-use secrecy::{ExposeSecret, SecretString};
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde_json::{Value, json};
-
-const KEY_ID: &str = "codex-test-key";
-const RSA_MODULUS: &str = "p6GpjR8xbWJF2X63CJL02fTHBmfhfEGSqckUQaAT7KYubw95XhpwQ-V2IQcMm8K-ckx4hTd1CfqPjz0xgZzFRxns2BD_lUWYazDrsNISW23Y25rhg8GoC5ad9msdJlEARgyEFA2WQxqKg9KDpV8aZmVOSUkUjujF7VPijQ63ogNzSxAhBPbctSIzhcJApO6KV97j4OizhynWxJtCzmCEsxVvoLVNOXWLTJ0JW3ogs7dY8Unf3PTkci7QQhslJRSaCuy_6HWpP-Z94ayfKyo8nhz0PQsXvTl3y_8ARtwOT9sywmrd8nkTZ1obi5QC3DUZLHtenIk--rJLhvGn0klevw";
-const RSA_EXPONENT: &str = "AQAB";
-const PRIVATE_KEY: &str = r#"-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIEvgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKgwggSkAgEAAoIBAQCnoamNHzFtYkXZ
-frcIkvTZ9McGZ+F8QZKpyRRBoBPspi5vD3leGnBD5XYhBwybwr5yTHiFN3UJ+o+P
-PTGBnMVHGezYEP+VRZhrMOuw0hJbbdjbmuGDwagLlp32ax0mUQBGDIQUDZZDGoqD
-0oOlXxpmZU5JSRSO6MXtU+KNDreiA3NLECEE9ty1IjOFwkCk7opX3uPg6LOHKdbE
-m0LOYISzFW+gtU05dYtMnQlbeiCzt1jxSd/c9ORyLtBCGyUlFJoK7L/odak/5n3h
-rJ8rKjyeHPQ9Cxe9OXfL/wBG3A5P2zLCat3yeRNnWhuLlALcNRkse16ciT76skuG
-8afSSV6/AgMBAAECggEATnDEkUfWbjP9MYAtD/MMZm03MJUtm2JnydFRDEBm8mb0
-9X1NMq62d98I/v14de6UBZIpF1VTDB9WTBW7c8YzPkkwXg7eOjB92TLkJzK16lil
-kGWSP4BALWQGeMe4tTRUJ3M13thYxv/Fb1fzyE+PX/jpwDtVRmZAMAT/zzfi0AmB
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-b9ZuffSh1GPmnXSyKb7rtg6M
-----END PRIVATE KEY-----"#;
-
-struct StaticJwksSource {
-    body: Vec<u8>,
-    calls: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
-    error: Option<CodexIdentityVerificationError>,
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl CodexJwksSource for StaticJwksSource {
-    async fn fetch(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, CodexIdentityVerificationError> {
-        self.calls.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
-        if let Some(error) = self.error {
-            return Err(error);
-        }
-        Ok(self.body.clone())
-    }
-}
-
-struct StaticAccountSource {
-    result: Result<CodexAuthenticatedAccount, CodexIdentityVerificationError>,
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl CodexAuthenticatedAccountSource for StaticAccountSource {
-    async fn fetch(
-        &self,
-        _secret: &CodexOAuthSecret,
-        _expectation: &CodexIdentityExpectation,
-    ) -> Result<CodexAuthenticatedAccount, CodexIdentityVerificationError> {
-        self.result.clone()
-    }
-}
-
-fn verifier() -> (CodexJwtIdentityVerifier, Arc<AtomicUsize>) {
-    let calls = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
-    let body = serde_json::to_vec(&json!({
-        "keys": [{
-            "kty": "RSA",
-            "use": "sig",
-            "alg": "RS256",
-            "kid": KEY_ID,
-            "n": RSA_MODULUS,
-            "e": RSA_EXPONENT
-        }]
-    }))
-    .expect("serialize test JWKS");
-    let verifier = CodexJwtIdentityVerifier::new(Box::new(StaticJwksSource {
-        body,
-        calls: Arc::clone(&calls),
-        error: None,
-    }));
-    (verifier, calls)
-}
-
-fn claims(exp: u64) -> Value {
-    let now = get_current_timestamp();
-    json!({
-        "iss": OFFICIAL_OPENAI_ISSUER,
-        "aud": [OFFICIAL_OPENAI_API_AUDIENCE],
-        "iat": now.saturating_sub(1),
-        "nbf": now.saturating_sub(1),
-        "exp": exp,
-        "sub": "subject-signed",
-        "https://api.openai.com/auth": {
-            "chatgpt_account_id": "account-signed",
-            "chatgpt_user_id": "user-signed",
-            "user_id": "user-signed",
-            "chatgpt_plan_type": "plus"
-        },
-        "https://api.openai.com/profile": {
-            "email": "signed@example.invalid"
-        }
-    })
-}
-
-fn token(claims: &Value) -> String {
-    let mut header = Header::new(Algorithm::RS256);
-    header.kid = Some(KEY_ID.to_owned());
-    header.typ = Some("JWT".to_owned());
-    encode(
-        &header,
-        claims,
-        &EncodingKey::from_rsa_pem(PRIVATE_KEY.as_bytes()).expect("parse signing key"),
-    )
-    .expect("sign test access token")
-}
-
-fn secret(claims: &Value, refresh_token: Option<&str>) -> CodexOAuthSecret {
-    CodexOAuthSecret {
-        access_token: SecretString::new(token(claims).into()),
-        refresh_token: refresh_token.map(|value| SecretString::new(value.to_owned().into())),
-        id_token: None,
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) async fn signed_identity_fixture() -> provider_openai::credential::CodexSignedIdentity {
-    let (verifier, _) = verifier();
-    verifier
-        .verify_access(&secret(
-            &claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600),
-            Some("refresh-token"),
-        ))
-        .await
-        .expect("signed identity fixture")
-}
-
-fn id_token_claims(nonce: &str, subject: &str) -> Value {
-    let now = get_current_timestamp();
-    json!({
-        "iss": OFFICIAL_OPENAI_ISSUER,
-        "aud": [OFFICIAL_CODEX_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID],
-        "iat": now.saturating_sub(1),
-        "nbf": now.saturating_sub(1),
-        "exp": now + 3_600,
-        "sub": subject,
-        "nonce": nonce
-    })
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn verifier_should_derive_identity_only_from_valid_signed_claims() {
-    let (verifier, calls) = verifier();
-    let profile = verifier
-        .verify_access(&secret(
-            &claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600),
-            Some("refresh-token"),
-        ))
-        .await
-        .expect("verify signed Codex token");
-
-    assert_eq!(profile.oauth_subject(), "subject-signed");
-    assert_eq!(profile.poid(), None);
-    assert_eq!(profile.claimed_account_id(), Some("account-signed"));
-    assert_eq!(profile.claimed_user_id(), Some("user-signed"));
-    assert_eq!(calls.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn verifier_should_accept_current_signed_poid_account_identity() {
-    let (verifier, _) = verifier();
-    let mut current = claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600);
-    current["https://api.openai.com/auth"]
-        .as_object_mut()
-        .expect("auth claims")
-        .remove("chatgpt_account_id");
-    current["https://api.openai.com/auth"]["poid"] = json!("organization-signed");
-
-    let profile = verifier
-        .verify_access(&secret(&current, Some("refresh-token")))
-        .await
-        .expect("verify current signed Codex token");
-
-    assert_eq!(profile.oauth_subject(), "subject-signed");
-    assert_eq!(profile.poid(), Some("organization-signed"));
-    assert_eq!(profile.claimed_account_id(), None);
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn account_identity_requires_matching_authenticated_usage_facts() {
-    let (signed, _) = verifier();
-    let service = CodexAccountIdentityService::new(
-        Arc::new(signed),
-        Arc::new(StaticAccountSource {
-            result: Ok(CodexAuthenticatedAccount {
-                chatgpt_account_id: "account-signed".to_owned(),
-                chatgpt_user_id: "user-signed".to_owned(),
-                email: Some("usage@example.invalid".to_owned()),
-                plan_type: Some("pro".to_owned()),
-            }),
-        }),
-    );
-    let verification = service
-        .verify(
-            &secret(&claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600), None),
-            &CodexIdentityExpectation::imported(
-                Some("account-signed".to_owned()),
-                Some("user-signed".to_owned()),
-            )
-            .expect("import expectation"),
-        )
-        .await
-        .expect("complete authenticated identity");
-    let CodexIdentityVerification::Complete(profile) = verification else {
-        panic!("usage facts must complete the identity");
-    };
-
-    assert_eq!(profile.oauth_subject, "subject-signed");
-    assert_eq!(profile.chatgpt_account_id, "account-signed");
-    assert_eq!(profile.chatgpt_user_id, "user-signed");
-    assert_eq!(profile.email.as_deref(), Some("usage@example.invalid"));
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn account_identity_rejects_imported_workspace_conflict() {
-    let (signed, _) = verifier();
-    let service = CodexAccountIdentityService::new(
-        Arc::new(signed),
-        Arc::new(StaticAccountSource {
-            result: Ok(CodexAuthenticatedAccount {
-                chatgpt_account_id: "account-signed".to_owned(),
-                chatgpt_user_id: "user-signed".to_owned(),
-                email: None,
-                plan_type: None,
-            }),
-        }),
-    );
-    let error = service
-        .verify(
-            &secret(&claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600), None),
-            &CodexIdentityExpectation::imported(Some("other-account".to_owned()), None)
-                .expect("import expectation"),
-        )
-        .await
-        .expect_err("document workspace cannot override authenticated usage");
-
-    assert_eq!(error, CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected);
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn import_identity_uses_signed_claims_when_usage_rejects_the_request() {
-    let (signed, _) = verifier();
-    let service = CodexAccountIdentityService::new(
-        Arc::new(signed),
-        Arc::new(StaticAccountSource {
-            result: Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected),
-        }),
-    );
-
-    let profile = service
-        .verify_import(&secret(
-            &claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600),
-            Some("refresh-token"),
-        ))
-        .await
-        .expect("signed import identity");
-
-    assert_eq!(profile.chatgpt_account_id, "account-signed");
-    assert_eq!(profile.chatgpt_user_id, "user-signed");
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn import_identity_keeps_signed_workspace_when_usage_returns_a_different_workspace() {
-    let (signed, _) = verifier();
-    let service = CodexAccountIdentityService::new(
-        Arc::new(signed),
-        Arc::new(StaticAccountSource {
-            result: Ok(CodexAuthenticatedAccount {
-                chatgpt_account_id: "account-default".to_owned(),
-                chatgpt_user_id: "user-default".to_owned(),
-                email: None,
-                plan_type: None,
-            }),
-        }),
-    );
-
-    let profile = service
-        .verify_import(&secret(
-            &claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600),
-            Some("refresh-token"),
-        ))
-        .await
-        .expect("signed import identity");
-
-    assert_eq!(profile.chatgpt_account_id, "account-signed");
-    assert_eq!(profile.chatgpt_user_id, "user-signed");
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn authorization_identity_uses_signed_workspace_when_usage_returns_default_workspace() {
-    let (signed, _) = verifier();
-    let service = CodexAccountIdentityService::new(
-        Arc::new(signed),
-        Arc::new(StaticAccountSource {
-            result: Ok(CodexAuthenticatedAccount {
-                chatgpt_account_id: "account-default".to_owned(),
-                chatgpt_user_id: "user-default".to_owned(),
-                email: None,
-                plan_type: None,
-            }),
-        }),
-    );
-    let nonce = SecretString::from("AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA");
-    let profile = service
-        .verify_authorization(
-            &secret(
-                &claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600),
-                Some("refresh-token"),
-            ),
-            &SecretString::from(token(&id_token_claims(
-                nonce.expose_secret(),
-                "subject-signed",
-            ))),
-            &nonce,
-            &CodexIdentityExpectation::reauthorization(
-                "account-signed".to_owned(),
-                "user-signed".to_owned(),
-                "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001".to_owned(),
-            )
-            .expect("reauthorization expectation"),
-        )
-        .await
-        .expect("signed authorization identity")
-        .into_complete()
-        .expect("complete signed profile");
-
-    assert_eq!(profile.chatgpt_account_id, "account-signed");
-    assert_eq!(profile.chatgpt_user_id, "user-signed");
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn authorization_identity_accepts_free_token_without_signed_account_id() {
-    let (signed, _) = verifier();
-    let service = CodexAccountIdentityService::new(
-        Arc::new(signed),
-        Arc::new(StaticAccountSource {
-            result: Ok(CodexAuthenticatedAccount {
-                chatgpt_account_id: "account-signed".to_owned(),
-                chatgpt_user_id: "user-signed".to_owned(),
-                email: Some("usage@example.invalid".to_owned()),
-                plan_type: Some("free".to_owned()),
-            }),
-        }),
-    );
-    let mut free_claims = claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600);
-    free_claims["https://api.openai.com/auth"]
-        .as_object_mut()
-        .expect("auth claims")
-        .remove("chatgpt_account_id");
-    free_claims["https://api.openai.com/auth"]["poid"] = json!("new-free-poid");
-    let nonce = SecretString::from("AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA");
-    let profile = service
-        .verify_authorization(
-            &secret(&free_claims, Some("refresh-token")),
-            &SecretString::from(token(&id_token_claims(
-                nonce.expose_secret(),
-                "subject-signed",
-            ))),
-            &nonce,
-            &CodexIdentityExpectation::reauthorization(
-                "account-signed".to_owned(),
-                "user-signed".to_owned(),
-                "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001".to_owned(),
-            )
-            .expect("reauthorization expectation"),
-        )
-        .await
-        .expect("verified Free authorization identity")
-        .into_complete()
-        .expect("complete Free profile");
-
-    assert_eq!(profile.chatgpt_account_id, "account-signed");
-    assert_eq!(profile.chatgpt_user_id, "user-signed");
-    assert_eq!(profile.poid.as_deref(), Some("new-free-poid"));
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn authorization_identity_rejects_signed_workspace_rebinding() {
-    let (signed, _) = verifier();
-    let service = CodexAccountIdentityService::new(
-        Arc::new(signed),
-        Arc::new(StaticAccountSource {
-            result: Ok(CodexAuthenticatedAccount {
-                chatgpt_account_id: "account-default".to_owned(),
-                chatgpt_user_id: "user-default".to_owned(),
-                email: None,
-                plan_type: None,
-            }),
-        }),
-    );
-    let nonce = SecretString::from("AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA");
-    let error = service
-        .verify_authorization(
-            &secret(
-                &claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600),
-                Some("refresh-token"),
-            ),
-            &SecretString::from(token(&id_token_claims(
-                nonce.expose_secret(),
-                "subject-signed",
-            ))),
-            &nonce,
-            &CodexIdentityExpectation::reauthorization(
-                "account-target".to_owned(),
-                "user-target".to_owned(),
-                "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001".to_owned(),
-            )
-            .expect("reauthorization expectation"),
-        )
-        .await
-        .expect_err("signed identity cannot rebind the target account");
-
-    assert_eq!(error, CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected);
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn account_identity_keeps_usage_unavailable_out_of_ready_profile() {
-    let (signed, _) = verifier();
-    let service = CodexAccountIdentityService::new(
-        Arc::new(signed),
-        Arc::new(StaticAccountSource {
-            result: Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Unavailable),
-        }),
-    );
-    let verification = service
-        .verify(
-            &secret(&claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600), None),
-            &CodexIdentityExpectation::default(),
-        )
-        .await
-        .expect("signed identity remains explicit");
-
-    assert!(matches!(
-        &verification,
-        CodexIdentityVerification::SignedOnly(_)
-    ));
-    assert_eq!(
-        verification.into_complete().expect_err("not Ready"),
-        CodexIdentityVerificationError::Unavailable
-    );
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn verifier_should_reject_expired_wrong_issuer_audience_or_unbound_tokens() {
-    let (verifier, _) = verifier();
-    let now = get_current_timestamp();
-    let mut cases = vec![
-        claims(now),
-        claims(now + 3_600),
-        claims(now + 3_600),
-        claims(now + 3_600),
-    ];
-    cases[1]["iss"] = json!("https://attacker.invalid");
-    cases[2]["aud"] = json!(["https://attacker.invalid"]);
-    cases[3]["sub"] = json!("");
-
-    for claims in cases {
-        let error = verifier
-            .verify_access(&secret(&claims, None))
-            .await
-            .expect_err("invalid identity token must fail");
-        assert_eq!(error, CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected);
-    }
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn verifier_should_reject_user_rebinding_and_invalid_refresh_shape() {
-    let (verifier, _) = verifier();
-    let mut rebound = claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600);
-    rebound["https://api.openai.com/auth"]["user_id"] = json!("other-user");
-    let rebound_error = verifier
-        .verify_access(&secret(&rebound, None))
-        .await
-        .expect_err("signed aliases must not disagree");
-    let access = token(&claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600));
-    let reused = CodexOAuthSecret {
-        access_token: SecretString::new(access.clone().into()),
-        refresh_token: Some(SecretString::new(access.into())),
-        id_token: None,
-    };
-    let refresh_error = verifier
-        .verify_access(&reused)
-        .await
-        .expect_err("refresh token must have independent shape");
-
-    assert_eq!(rebound_error, CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected);
-    assert_eq!(refresh_error, CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected);
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn verifier_should_cache_jwks_and_fail_closed_when_source_is_unavailable() {
-    let (verifier, calls) = verifier();
-    let valid = secret(&claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600), None);
-    verifier
-        .verify_access(&valid)
-        .await
-        .expect("first verification");
-    verifier
-        .verify_access(&valid)
-        .await
-        .expect("cached verification");
-    assert_eq!(calls.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
-
-    let unavailable = CodexJwtIdentityVerifier::new(Box::new(StaticJwksSource {
-        body: Vec::new(),
-        calls: Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0)),
-        error: Some(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Unavailable),
-    }));
-    let error = unavailable
-        .verify_access(&valid)
-        .await
-        .expect_err("unavailable JWKS must fail closed");
-    assert_eq!(error, CodexIdentityVerificationError::Unavailable);
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn authorization_verifier_should_bind_signed_id_token_subject_audience_and_nonce() {
-    let (verifier, _) = verifier();
-    let access = secret(
-        &claims(get_current_timestamp() + 3_600),
-        Some("refresh-token"),
-    );
-    let nonce = SecretString::from("AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA");
-    let valid_id = SecretString::from(token(&id_token_claims(
-        nonce.expose_secret(),
-        "subject-signed",
-    )));
-    verifier
-        .verify_authorization(&access, &valid_id, &nonce)
-        .await
-        .expect("verify authorization token set");
-
-    let wrong_nonce = verifier
-        .verify_authorization(
-            &access,
-            &valid_id,
-            &SecretString::from("BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB"),
-        )
-        .await
-        .expect_err("nonce mismatch must fail");
-    let wrong_subject = verifier
-        .verify_authorization(
-            &access,
-            &SecretString::from(token(&id_token_claims(
-                nonce.expose_secret(),
-                "other-subject",
-            ))),
-            &nonce,
-        )
-        .await
-        .expect_err("subject mismatch must fail");
-    let mut wrong_audience = id_token_claims(nonce.expose_secret(), "subject-signed");
-    wrong_audience["aud"] = json!(["attacker-client"]);
-    let wrong_audience = verifier
-        .verify_authorization(&access, &SecretString::from(token(&wrong_audience)), &nonce)
-        .await
-        .expect_err("ID token audience mismatch must fail");
-
-    assert_eq!(wrong_nonce, CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected);
-    assert_eq!(wrong_subject, CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected);
-    assert_eq!(wrong_audience, CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected);
-}
-
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-struct RealAccountExport {
-    accounts: Vec<RealAccountWire>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
-struct RealAccountWire {
-    token: String,
-    refresh_token: Option<String>,
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn supplied_real_access_only_account_should_pass_official_signature_verification() {
-    let Ok(path) = std::env::var("CODEX_REAL_ACCOUNT_FILE") else {
-        return;
-    };
-    let bytes = std::fs::read(path).expect("read isolated real account fixture");
-    let mut document: RealAccountExport =
-        serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).expect("parse real account fixture shape");
-    let account = document.accounts.pop().expect("one real account fixture");
-    assert!(account.refresh_token.is_none());
-    let verifier = CodexJwtIdentityVerifier::new(Box::new(
-        ReqwestOpenAiJwksSource::new().expect("build official JWKS source"),
-    ));
-    let profile = verifier
-        .verify_access(&CodexOAuthSecret {
-            access_token: SecretString::new(account.token.into()),
-            refresh_token: account
-                .refresh_token
-                .map(|token| SecretString::new(token.into())),
-            id_token: None,
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect("verify official access-only Codex account");
-
-    assert!(!profile.oauth_subject().is_empty());
-    assert!(profile.access_token_expires_at() > chrono::Utc::now());
-}
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ mod agent_identity;
 mod catalog;
 mod contract;
 mod cookie;
-mod identity;
 mod oauth;
 mod quota;
 mod refresh;
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};

 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD};
@@ -6,751 +7,204 @@ use gateway_admin::model::provider_credentials::{
    AuthorizationMutationTarget, AuthorizationOwnerBinding, PendingAuthorizationMutation,
 };
 use gateway_admin::model::{MutationActor, MutationContext};
-use gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccountId;
 use gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind;
 use provider_openai::credential::token_client::{
    AuthorizationCodeExchangeError, AuthorizationCodeExchanger, AuthorizationCodeGrant,
    AuthorizationTokenSet,
 };
 use provider_openai::credential::{
-    CodexAccountIdentityVerifier, CodexCredentialAdmin, CodexIdentityExpectation,
-    CodexIdentityVerification, CodexIdentityVerificationError, CodexOAuthAdmin,
-    CodexOAuthAdminError, CodexOAuthAdminService, CodexOAuthPendingClaimOutcome,
-    CodexOAuthPendingStore, CodexOAuthPendingStoreError, CodexOAuthSecret,
-    CodexPendingAuthorization, CompleteCodexOAuthAuthorization, CompletedCodexOAuthCredential,
-    ImportCodexOAuthCredential, StartCodexOAuthAuthorization, StoredCodexPendingAuthorization,
+    CodexCredentialAdmin, CodexOAuthAdmin, CodexOAuthAdminError, CodexOAuthAdminService,
+    CodexOAuthPendingClaimOutcome, CodexOAuthPendingStore, CodexOAuthPendingStoreError,
+    CodexOAuthSecret, CompleteCodexOAuthAuthorization, CompletedCodexOAuthCredential,
+    StartCodexOAuthAuthorization, StoredCodexPendingAuthorization,
 };
-use secrecy::{ExposeSecret, SecretString};
-use sha2::{Digest as _, Sha256};
+use secrecy::SecretString;
 use url::Url;

-use crate::support::{MemoryAccountStore, profile, runtime_policy, secret};
+use crate::support::MemoryAccountStore;

 #[derive(Default)]
 struct PendingStore {
-    value: Mutex<Option<(StoredCodexPendingAuthorization, Option<String>)>>,
-}
-
-fn duplicate_pending(
-    pending: &StoredCodexPendingAuthorization,
-) -> Result<CodexPendingAuthorization, CodexOAuthPendingStoreError> {
-    CodexPendingAuthorization::from_stored(StoredCodexPendingAuthorization {
-        flow_id: pending.flow_id.clone(),
-        owner_ref: pending.owner_ref.clone(),
-        started_request_ref: pending.started_request_ref.clone(),
-        name: pending.name.clone(),
-        expires_at: pending.expires_at,
-        state: pending.state.clone(),
-        nonce: pending.nonce.clone(),
-        code_verifier: pending.code_verifier.clone(),
-        reauthorization_account_id: pending.reauthorization_account_id.clone(),
-        mutation: pending.mutation.clone(),
-    })
+    pending: Mutex<Option<StoredCodexPendingAuthorization>>,
 }

 #[async_trait]
 impl CodexOAuthPendingStore for PendingStore {
    async fn create(
        &self,
-        pending: &CodexPendingAuthorization,
+        pending: &provider_openai::credential::CodexPendingAuthorization,
    ) -> Result<(), CodexOAuthPendingStoreError> {
-        let mut value = self.value.lock().expect("pending lock");
-        if value.is_some() {
+        let mut stored = self.pending.lock().expect("pending lock");
+        if stored.is_some() {
            return Err(CodexOAuthPendingStoreError::Conflict);
        }
-        *value = Some((
-            StoredCodexPendingAuthorization {
-                flow_id: pending.flow_id().to_owned(),
-                owner_ref: pending.owner_ref().to_owned(),
-                started_request_ref: pending.started_request_ref().to_owned(),
-                name: pending.name().to_owned(),
-                expires_at: pending.expires_at(),
-                state: pending.state().clone(),
-                nonce: pending.nonce().clone(),
-                code_verifier: pending.code_verifier().clone(),
-                reauthorization_account_id: pending.reauthorization().map(ToString::to_string),
-                mutation: pending.mutation().clone(),
-            },
-            None,
-        ));
+        *stored = Some(StoredCodexPendingAuthorization {
+            flow_id: pending.flow_id().to_owned(),
+            owner_ref: pending.owner_ref().to_owned(),
+            started_request_ref: pending.started_request_ref().to_owned(),
+            name: pending.name().to_owned(),
+            expires_at: pending.expires_at(),
+            state: pending.state().clone(),
+            nonce: pending.nonce().clone(),
+            code_verifier: pending.code_verifier().clone(),
+            reauthorization_account_id: pending.reauthorization().map(ToString::to_string),
+            mutation: pending.mutation().clone(),
+        });
        Ok(())
    }

    async fn claim(
        &self,
-        owner_ref: &str,
-        flow_id: &str,
-        claim_ref: &str,
-        _claim_ttl: std::time::Duration,
+        _owner_ref: &str,
+        _flow_id: &str,
+        _claim_ref: &str,
+        _claim_ttl: Duration,
    ) -> Result<CodexOAuthPendingClaimOutcome, CodexOAuthPendingStoreError> {
-        let mut value = self.value.lock().expect("pending lock");
-        let Some((pending, claim)) = value.as_mut() else {
+        let Some(pending) = self.pending.lock().expect("pending lock").take() else {
            return Ok(CodexOAuthPendingClaimOutcome::NotFound);
        };
-        if pending.owner_ref != owner_ref || pending.flow_id != flow_id {
-            return Ok(CodexOAuthPendingClaimOutcome::NotFound);
-        }
-        if claim.is_some() {
-            return Ok(CodexOAuthPendingClaimOutcome::InProgress);
-        }
-        *claim = Some(claim_ref.to_owned());
-        duplicate_pending(pending)
-            .map(Box::new)
-            .map(CodexOAuthPendingClaimOutcome::Claimed)
+        let pending = provider_openai::credential::CodexPendingAuthorization::from_stored(pending)
+            .map_err(|_| CodexOAuthPendingStoreError::InvalidValue)?;
+        Ok(CodexOAuthPendingClaimOutcome::Claimed(Box::new(pending)))
    }

    async fn release_claim(
        &self,
-        owner_ref: &str,
-        flow_id: &str,
-        claim_ref: &str,
+        _owner_ref: &str,
+        _flow_id: &str,
+        _claim_ref: &str,
    ) -> Result<bool, CodexOAuthPendingStoreError> {
-        let mut value = self.value.lock().expect("pending lock");
-        let Some((pending, claim)) = value.as_mut() else {
-            return Ok(false);
-        };
-        if pending.owner_ref != owner_ref
-            || pending.flow_id != flow_id
-            || claim.as_deref() != Some(claim_ref)
-        {
-            return Ok(false);
-        }
-        *claim = None;
        Ok(true)
    }

    async fn consume_claim(
        &self,
-        owner_ref: &str,
-        flow_id: &str,
-        claim_ref: &str,
+        _owner_ref: &str,
+        _flow_id: &str,
+        _claim_ref: &str,
    ) -> Result<bool, CodexOAuthPendingStoreError> {
-        let mut value = self.value.lock().expect("pending lock");
-        let Some((pending, claim)) = value.as_ref() else {
-            return Ok(false);
-        };
-        if pending.owner_ref != owner_ref
-            || pending.flow_id != flow_id
-            || claim.as_deref() != Some(claim_ref)
-        {
-            return Ok(false);
-        }
-        *value = None;
+        self.pending.lock().expect("pending lock").take();
        Ok(true)
    }
 }

-struct Exchanger;
+struct Exchanger {
+    id_token: String,
+}

 #[async_trait]
 impl AuthorizationCodeExchanger for Exchanger {
    async fn exchange_authorization_code(
        &self,
-        grant: AuthorizationCodeGrant,
+        _grant: AuthorizationCodeGrant,
    ) -> Result<AuthorizationTokenSet, AuthorizationCodeExchangeError> {
-        if grant.code.expose_secret() != "authorization-code" {
-            return Err(AuthorizationCodeExchangeError::Rejected);
-        }
        Ok(AuthorizationTokenSet {
            secret: CodexOAuthSecret {
-                access_token: SecretString::from("oauth-access-token"),
-                refresh_token: Some(SecretString::from("oauth-refresh-token")),
+                access_token: SecretString::from("access-token-from-upstream"),
+                refresh_token: Some(SecretString::from("refresh-token-from-upstream")),
                id_token: None,
            },
-            id_token: SecretString::from("oauth-id-token"),
+            id_token: SecretString::from(self.id_token.clone()),
+            expires_in: Some(Duration::from_secs(60 * 60)),
        })
    }
 }

-struct Verifier;
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl CodexAccountIdentityVerifier for Verifier {
-    async fn verify(
-        &self,
-        _secret: &CodexOAuthSecret,
-        _expectation: &CodexIdentityExpectation,
-    ) -> Result<CodexIdentityVerification, CodexIdentityVerificationError> {
-        Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected)
-    }
-
-    async fn verify_authorization(
-        &self,
-        _secret: &CodexOAuthSecret,
-        id_token: &SecretString,
-        expected_nonce: &SecretString,
-        _expectation: &CodexIdentityExpectation,
-    ) -> Result<CodexIdentityVerification, CodexIdentityVerificationError> {
-        if id_token.expose_secret() != "oauth-id-token" || expected_nonce.expose_secret().len() < 16
-        {
-            return Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected);
-        }
-        Ok(CodexIdentityVerification::Complete(profile(
-            "chatgpt-oauth",
-        )))
-    }
-}
-
-fn service() -> CodexOAuthAdminService {
-    service_with_store(Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default()), Arc::new(Verifier))
-}
-
-fn service_with_store(
-    store: Arc<MemoryAccountStore>,
-    verifier: Arc<dyn CodexAccountIdentityVerifier>,
-) -> CodexOAuthAdminService {
-    CodexOAuthAdminService::new(
-        Arc::new(PendingStore::default()),
-        Arc::new(Exchanger),
-        verifier,
-        store,
-        runtime_policy(),
-        CodexCredentialAdmin,
-    )
-}
-
-async fn started(
-    service: &CodexOAuthAdminService,
-) -> provider_openai::credential::CodexOAuthAuthorizationStarted {
-    service
-        .start_authorization(StartCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-            mutation: create_mutation("request-one"),
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect("start OAuth")
-}
-
-fn owner_context(request_id: &str) -> MutationContext {
-    MutationContext {
-        actor: MutationActor::AdminSession {
-            admin_user_id: "owner-one".to_owned(),
-        },
-        request_id: request_id.to_owned(),
-    }
-}
-
-fn create_mutation(request_id: &str) -> PendingAuthorizationMutation {
-    let context = owner_context(request_id);
+fn mutation() -> PendingAuthorizationMutation {
+    let context = MutationContext {
+        actor: MutationActor::System,
+        request_id: "oauth-alignment-test".to_owned(),
+    };
    PendingAuthorizationMutation::new(
        ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider"),
        AuthorizationMutationTarget::Create {
-            name: "OAuth Account".to_owned(),
+            name: "new OAuth account".to_owned(),
        },
        AuthorizationOwnerBinding::from_context(&context),
    )
 }

-fn reauthorization_mutation(request_id: &str, account_id: &str) -> PendingAuthorizationMutation {
-    let context = owner_context(request_id);
-    PendingAuthorizationMutation::new(
-        ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider"),
-        AuthorizationMutationTarget::Reauthorize {
-            account_id: ProviderAccountId::new(account_id).expect("account id"),
-        },
-        AuthorizationOwnerBinding::from_context(&context),
-    )
+fn id_token(payload: serde_json::Value) -> String {
+    let payload = URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(serde_json::to_vec(&payload).expect("payload JSON"));
+    // 官方逻辑只读取 payload；header/signature 不参与本地 metadata 解析。
+    format!("unverified-header.{payload}.unverified-signature")
 }

-fn owner_ref() -> String {
-    let mut digest = Sha256::new();
-    digest.update(b"admin-session\0");
-    digest.update(b"owner-one");
-    URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(digest.finalize())
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn start_authorization_uses_pkce_nonce_and_fixed_official_redirect() {
-    let service = service();
-    let started = started(&service).await;
-    let url = Url::parse(&started.authorization_url).expect("authorization URL");
-    let query = url
-        .query_pairs()
-        .collect::<std::collections::BTreeMap<_, _>>();
-    assert_eq!(
-        url.as_str().split('?').next(),
-        Some("https://auth.openai.com/oauth/authorize")
+async fn complete(id_token: String) -> Result<CompletedCodexOAuthCredential, CodexOAuthAdminError> {
+    let service = CodexOAuthAdminService::new(
+        Arc::new(PendingStore::default()),
+        Arc::new(Exchanger { id_token }),
+        Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default()),
+        CodexCredentialAdmin,
    );
-    assert_eq!(
-        query.get("code_challenge_method").map(|v| v.as_ref()),
-        Some("S256")
-    );
-    assert_eq!(
-        query.get("redirect_uri").map(|v| v.as_ref()),
-        Some("http://localhost:1455/auth/callback")
-    );
-    assert!(query.get("state").is_some_and(|value| value.len() >= 16));
-    assert!(query.get("nonce").is_some_and(|value| value.len() >= 16));
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn completion_returns_verified_core_account_without_writing_store() {
-    let service = service();
-    let started = started(&service).await;
-    let url = Url::parse(&started.authorization_url).expect("authorization URL");
-    let state = url
-        .query_pairs()
-        .find_map(|(key, value)| (key == "state").then(|| value.into_owned()))
-        .expect("state");
-    let prepared = service
-        .complete_authorization(CompleteCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-            owner_ref: owner_ref(),
-            flow_id: started.flow_id,
-            callback_url: SecretString::from(format!(
-                "http://localhost:1455/auth/callback?code=authorization-code&state={state}"
-            )),
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect("complete OAuth");
-    let CompletedCodexOAuthCredential::Create(prepared) = prepared.credential else {
-        panic!("expected prepared create");
-    };
-    assert_eq!(prepared.account.provider().as_str(), "openai");
-    assert!(prepared.account.id().as_str().starts_with("acct_"));
-    assert_eq!(
-        prepared
-            .credential
-            .expose_to_provider()
-            .get("access_token")
-            .and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str),
-        Some("oauth-access-token")
-    );
-    assert_eq!(
-        prepared
-            .credential
-            .expose_to_provider()
-            .get("id_token")
-            .and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str),
-        Some("oauth-id-token")
-    );
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn completion_accepts_unrelated_oauth_callback_parameters() {
-    let service = service();
-    let started = started(&service).await;
-    let state = Url::parse(&started.authorization_url)
-        .expect("authorization URL")
-        .query_pairs()
-        .find_map(|(key, value)| (key == "state").then(|| value.into_owned()))
-        .expect("state");
-
-    let prepared = service
-        .complete_authorization(CompleteCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-            owner_ref: owner_ref(),
-            flow_id: started.flow_id,
-            callback_url: SecretString::from(format!(
-                "http://localhost:1455/auth/callback?code=authorization-code&state={state}&scope=openid%20profile&iss=https%3A%2F%2Fauth.openai.com"
-            )),
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect("complete OAuth with standard callback parameters");
-
-    assert!(matches!(
-        prepared.credential,
-        CompletedCodexOAuthCredential::Create(_)
-    ));
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn completion_rejects_repeated_code_callback_parameter() {
-    let service = service();
-    let started = started(&service).await;
-    let state = Url::parse(&started.authorization_url)
-        .expect("authorization URL")
-        .query_pairs()
-        .find_map(|(key, value)| (key == "state").then(|| value.into_owned()))
-        .expect("state");
-
-    let error = service
-        .complete_authorization(CompleteCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-            owner_ref: owner_ref(),
-            flow_id: started.flow_id,
-            callback_url: SecretString::from(format!(
-                "http://localhost:1455/auth/callback?code=authorization-code&code=another-code&state={state}"
-            )),
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect_err("repeated code");
-
-    assert_eq!(error, CodexOAuthAdminError::CallbackRejected);
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn completion_rejects_repeated_state_callback_parameter() {
-    let service = service();
-    let started = started(&service).await;
-    let state = Url::parse(&started.authorization_url)
-        .expect("authorization URL")
-        .query_pairs()
-        .find_map(|(key, value)| (key == "state").then(|| value.into_owned()))
-        .expect("state");
-
-    let error = service
-        .complete_authorization(CompleteCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-            owner_ref: owner_ref(),
-            flow_id: started.flow_id,
-            callback_url: SecretString::from(format!(
-                "http://localhost:1455/auth/callback?code=authorization-code&state={state}&state=another-state-value"
-            )),
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect_err("repeated state");
-
-    assert_eq!(error, CodexOAuthAdminError::CallbackRejected);
-}
-
-struct UnavailableVerifier;
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl CodexAccountIdentityVerifier for UnavailableVerifier {
-    async fn verify(
-        &self,
-        _: &CodexOAuthSecret,
-        _: &CodexIdentityExpectation,
-    ) -> Result<CodexIdentityVerification, CodexIdentityVerificationError> {
-        Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Unavailable)
-    }
-
-    async fn verify_authorization(
-        &self,
-        _: &CodexOAuthSecret,
-        _: &SecretString,
-        _: &SecretString,
-        _: &CodexIdentityExpectation,
-    ) -> Result<CodexIdentityVerification, CodexIdentityVerificationError> {
-        Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Unavailable)
-    }
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn completion_classifies_unavailable_identity_verification_as_upstream_unavailable() {
-    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
-    let service = service_with_store(store, Arc::new(UnavailableVerifier));
-    let started = started(&service).await;
-    let state = Url::parse(&started.authorization_url)
-        .expect("authorization URL")
-        .query_pairs()
-        .find_map(|(key, value)| (key == "state").then(|| value.into_owned()))
-        .expect("state");
-
-    let error = service
-        .complete_authorization(CompleteCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-            owner_ref: owner_ref(),
-            flow_id: started.flow_id,
-            callback_url: SecretString::from(format!(
-                "http://localhost:1455/auth/callback?code=authorization-code&state={state}"
-            )),
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect_err("identity verification unavailable");
-
-    assert_eq!(error, CodexOAuthAdminError::UpstreamUnavailable);
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn callback_state_mismatch_releases_flow_for_retry() {
-    let service = service();
-    let started = started(&service).await;
-    let flow_id = started.flow_id;
-    let command = || CompleteCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-        owner_ref: owner_ref(),
-        flow_id: flow_id.clone(),
-        callback_url: SecretString::from(
-            "http://localhost:1455/auth/callback?code=authorization-code&state=wrong-state-value",
-        ),
-    };
-    assert_eq!(
-        service
-            .complete_authorization(command())
-            .await
-            .expect_err("bad state"),
-        CodexOAuthAdminError::CallbackRejected
-    );
-    assert_eq!(
-        service
-            .complete_authorization(command())
-            .await
-            .expect_err("retryable callback rejection"),
-        CodexOAuthAdminError::CallbackRejected
-    );
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn token_exchange_rejection_releases_flow_for_retry() {
-    let service = service();
-    let started = started(&service).await;
-    let flow_id = started.flow_id;
-    let state = Url::parse(&started.authorization_url)
-        .expect("authorization URL")
-        .query_pairs()
-        .find_map(|(key, value)| (key == "state").then(|| value.into_owned()))
-        .expect("state");
-    let command = || CompleteCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-        owner_ref: owner_ref(),
-        flow_id: flow_id.clone(),
-        callback_url: SecretString::from(format!(
-            "http://localhost:1455/auth/callback?code=rejected-authorization-code&state={state}"
-        )),
-    };
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        service
-            .complete_authorization(command())
-            .await
-            .expect_err("token exchange rejection"),
-        CodexOAuthAdminError::TokenRejected
-    );
-    assert_eq!(
-        service
-            .complete_authorization(command())
-            .await
-            .expect_err("retryable token exchange rejection"),
-        CodexOAuthAdminError::TokenRejected
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn oauth_command_debug_redacts_owner_flow_and_callback() {
-    let command = CompleteCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-        owner_ref: "owner-private".to_owned(),
-        flow_id: "flow-private".to_owned(),
-        callback_url: SecretString::from("callback-private-value"),
-    };
-    let debug = format!("{command:?}");
-    for secret in ["owner-private", "flow-private", "callback-private-value"] {
-        assert!(!debug.contains(secret));
-    }
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn reauthorization_uses_revision_advanced_after_start_for_prepared_rotation() {
-    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
-    store
-        .seed_oauth_credential(ImportCodexOAuthCredential {
-            account_id: "acct_oauth_reauth".to_owned(),
-            name: "reauthorize".to_owned(),
-            secret: secret("old-oauth-access"),
-            verified_account: profile("chatgpt-oauth"),
-            next_refresh_at: Some(chrono::Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::minutes(30)),
-            enabled: true,
-        })
-        .await;
-    let original_account = store
-        .account("acct_oauth_reauth")
-        .expect("original account");
-    let original_installation_id = store
-        .repository()
-        .load_runtime_credential(&original_account)
-        .await
-        .expect("original credential")
-        .installation_id;
-    let service = service_with_store(store.clone(), Arc::new(Verifier));
    let started = service
        .start_authorization(StartCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-            mutation: reauthorization_mutation("request-reauth", "acct_oauth_reauth"),
+            mutation: mutation(),
        })
        .await
-        .expect("start reauthorization");
-    let advanced_revision = store.advance_credential_revision("acct_oauth_reauth").await;
-    assert_eq!(advanced_revision.get(), 2);
+        .expect("start OAuth authorization");
    let state = Url::parse(&started.authorization_url)
        .expect("authorization URL")
        .query_pairs()
        .find_map(|(key, value)| (key == "state").then(|| value.into_owned()))
-        .expect("state");
-    let prepared = service
-        .complete_authorization(CompleteCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-            owner_ref: owner_ref(),
-            flow_id: started.flow_id,
-            callback_url: SecretString::from(format!(
-                "http://localhost:1455/auth/callback?code=authorization-code&state={state}"
-            )),
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect("complete reauthorization");
-    let CompletedCodexOAuthCredential::Reauthorize(prepared) = prepared.credential else {
-        panic!("expected prepared reauthorization");
-    };
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        prepared.credential.account_id().as_str(),
-        "acct_oauth_reauth"
-    );
-    assert_eq!(prepared.credential.expected_revision().get(), 2);
-    let runtime =
-        provider_openai::credential::CodexCredentialCodec::decode(prepared.credential.credential())
-            .expect("prepared credential");
-    assert_eq!(
-        runtime
-            .authentication
-            .oauth()
-            .expect("OAuth credential")
-            .access_token
-            .expose_secret(),
-        "oauth-access-token"
-    );
-    assert_eq!(runtime.installation_id, original_installation_id);
-    assert_eq!(
-        store
-            .account("acct_oauth_reauth")
-            .expect("unchanged account")
-            .revision()
-            .get(),
-        2
-    );
-}
-
-struct ReplacementIdentityVerifier;
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl CodexAccountIdentityVerifier for ReplacementIdentityVerifier {
-    async fn verify(
-        &self,
-        _: &CodexOAuthSecret,
-        _: &CodexIdentityExpectation,
-    ) -> Result<CodexIdentityVerification, CodexIdentityVerificationError> {
-        Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected)
-    }
-
-    async fn verify_authorization(
-        &self,
-        _: &CodexOAuthSecret,
-        _: &SecretString,
-        _: &SecretString,
-        expectation: &CodexIdentityExpectation,
-    ) -> Result<CodexIdentityVerification, CodexIdentityVerificationError> {
-        assert_eq!(expectation, &CodexIdentityExpectation::default());
-        Ok(CodexIdentityVerification::Complete(profile(
-            "chatgpt-different-owner",
-        )))
-    }
-}
-
-struct RotatedPrincipalVerifier;
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl CodexAccountIdentityVerifier for RotatedPrincipalVerifier {
-    async fn verify(
-        &self,
-        _: &CodexOAuthSecret,
-        _: &CodexIdentityExpectation,
-    ) -> Result<CodexIdentityVerification, CodexIdentityVerificationError> {
-        Err(CodexIdentityVerificationError::Rejected)
-    }
-
-    async fn verify_authorization(
-        &self,
-        _: &CodexOAuthSecret,
-        _: &SecretString,
-        _: &SecretString,
-        _: &CodexIdentityExpectation,
-    ) -> Result<CodexIdentityVerification, CodexIdentityVerificationError> {
-        let mut verified = profile("chatgpt-oauth");
-        verified.oauth_subject = "rotated-oauth-subject".to_owned();
-        verified.poid = None;
-        Ok(CodexIdentityVerification::Complete(verified))
-    }
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn reauthorization_updates_changed_free_principal_for_same_account() {
-    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
-    store
-        .seed_oauth_credential(ImportCodexOAuthCredential {
-            account_id: "acct_oauth_principal".to_owned(),
-            name: "reauthorize".to_owned(),
-            secret: secret("old-oauth-access"),
-            verified_account: profile("chatgpt-oauth"),
-            next_refresh_at: Some(chrono::Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::minutes(30)),
-            enabled: true,
-        })
-        .await;
-    let service = service_with_store(store, Arc::new(RotatedPrincipalVerifier));
-    let started = service
-        .start_authorization(StartCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-            mutation: reauthorization_mutation("request-rotated-principal", "acct_oauth_principal"),
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect("start reauthorization");
-    let state = Url::parse(&started.authorization_url)
-        .expect("authorization URL")
-        .query_pairs()
-        .find_map(|(key, value)| (key == "state").then(|| value.into_owned()))
-        .expect("state");
-    let prepared = service
-        .complete_authorization(CompleteCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-            owner_ref: owner_ref(),
-            flow_id: started.flow_id,
-            callback_url: SecretString::from(format!(
-                "http://localhost:1455/auth/callback?code=authorization-code&state={state}"
-            )),
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect("complete reauthorization");
-    let CompletedCodexOAuthCredential::Reauthorize(prepared) = prepared.credential else {
-        panic!("expected prepared reauthorization");
-    };
-    let runtime =
-        provider_openai::credential::CodexCredentialCodec::decode(prepared.credential.credential())
-            .expect("prepared credential");
-    let principal = runtime.principal.expect("OAuth principal");
-
-    assert_eq!(principal.oauth_subject, "rotated-oauth-subject");
-    assert_eq!(principal.poid, None);
-}
-
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn reauthorization_rebinds_target_record_to_authorized_identity() {
-    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
-    store
-        .seed_oauth_credential(ImportCodexOAuthCredential {
-            account_id: "acct_oauth_rebind".to_owned(),
-            name: "reauthorize".to_owned(),
-            secret: secret("old-oauth-access"),
-            verified_account: profile("chatgpt-oauth"),
-            next_refresh_at: Some(chrono::Utc::now() + chrono::Duration::minutes(30)),
-            enabled: true,
-        })
-        .await;
-    let service = service_with_store(store, Arc::new(ReplacementIdentityVerifier));
-    let started = service
-        .start_authorization(StartCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-            mutation: reauthorization_mutation("request-rebind", "acct_oauth_rebind"),
-        })
-        .await
-        .expect("start reauthorization");
-    let state = Url::parse(&started.authorization_url)
-        .expect("authorization URL")
-        .query_pairs()
-        .find_map(|(key, value)| (key == "state").then(|| value.into_owned()))
-        .expect("state");
+        .expect("state parameter");
    let completed = service
        .complete_authorization(CompleteCodexOAuthAuthorization {
-            owner_ref: owner_ref(),
+            owner_ref: "test-owner".to_owned(),
            flow_id: started.flow_id,
            callback_url: SecretString::from(format!(
-                "http://localhost:1455/auth/callback?code=authorization-code&state={state}"
+                "http://localhost:1455/auth/callback?code=code-from-browser&state={state}"
            )),
        })
-        .await
-        .expect("complete identity replacement");
-    let CompletedCodexOAuthCredential::Reauthorize(prepared) = completed.credential else {
-        panic!("expected prepared reauthorization");
+        .await?;
+    Ok(completed.credential)
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn first_exchange_uses_official_id_token_claim_mapping_without_signature_validation() {
+    let credential = complete(id_token(serde_json::json!({
+        "email": "top@example.com",
+        "https://api.openai.com/profile": { "email": "fallback@example.com" },
+        "https://api.openai.com/auth": {
+            "chatgpt_plan_type": "pro",
+            "chatgpt_user_id": "chatgpt-user",
+            "user_id": "fallback-user",
+            "chatgpt_account_id": "workspace-id"
+        }
+    })))
+    .await
+    .expect("completed OAuth exchange");
+
+    let CompletedCodexOAuthCredential::Create(account) = credential else {
+        panic!("expected account creation");
    };
-    assert_eq!(
-        prepared.credential.account_id().as_str(),
-        "acct_oauth_rebind"
-    );
-    let replacement = prepared
-        .replacement_identity
-        .as_ref()
-        .expect("replacement identity");
-    assert_eq!(
-        replacement.upstream_account_id(),
-        Some("chatgpt-different-owner")
-    );
-    assert_eq!(
-        replacement.upstream_user_id(),
-        "user-chatgpt-different-owner"
+    assert_eq!(account.account.email(), Some("top@example.com"));
+    assert_eq!(account.account.upstream_user_id(), Some("chatgpt-user"));
+    assert_eq!(account.account.upstream_account_id(), Some("workspace-id"));
+    assert_eq!(account.account.plan_type(), Some("pro"));
+    assert!(account.account.is_schedulable(SystemTime::now()));
+    assert!(
+        account.account.next_refresh_at().is_none(),
+        "normal OAuth creation must not persist a margin-derived refresh time"
    );
 }
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn first_exchange_permits_missing_identity_claims_but_requires_a_parseable_id_token() {
+    let credential = complete(id_token(serde_json::json!({
+        "https://api.openai.com/profile": { "email": "profile@example.com" }
+    })))
+    .await
+    .expect("missing optional claims are allowed");
+    let CompletedCodexOAuthCredential::Create(account) = credential else {
+        panic!("expected account creation");
+    };
+    assert_eq!(account.account.email(), Some("profile@example.com"));
+    assert_eq!(account.account.upstream_user_id(), None);
+    assert!(!account.account.is_schedulable(SystemTime::now()));
+
+    let error = complete("header.not-base64.signature".to_owned())
+        .await
+        .expect_err("official local payload parsing rejects malformed id tokens");
+    assert_eq!(error, CodexOAuthAdminError::TokenRejected);
+}
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use provider_openai::credential::{
    CodexQuotaWindowKind, ImportCodexOAuthCredential,
 };
 use provider_openai::transport::profile::{CodexWireProfile, CodexWireProfileState};
-use serde_json::json;
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use wiremock::matchers::{header, method, path};
 use wiremock::{Mock, MockServer, ResponseTemplate};

@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ async fn manual_quota_refresh_preserves_disabled_account_state() {
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn manual_quota_auth_rejection_does_not_invalidate_refreshable_credential() {
+async fn manual_quota_unauthorized_rejection_preserves_current_availability() {
    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
    let account_id = "acct_manual_quota_auth_rejected";
    create_account(&store, account_id).await;
@@ -320,7 +320,51 @@ async fn manual_quota_auth_rejection_does_not_invalidate_refreshable_credential(
    assert_eq!(
        store
            .account(account_id)
-            .expect("preserved account")
+            .expect("account after rejection")
+            .availability(),
+        AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn manual_quota_forbidden_rejection_preserves_current_availability() {
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
+    let account_id = "acct_manual_quota_forbidden";
+    create_account(&store, account_id).await;
+    let account = store.account(account_id).expect("created account");
+    store
+        .apply_state_change(AccountStateChange {
+            message: None,
+            account_id: account.id().clone(),
+            expected_revision: account.revision(),
+            availability: AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted,
+            observed_at: SystemTime::now(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("mark account exhausted");
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    Mock::given(method("GET"))
+        .and(path("/api/codex/usage"))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(403))
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+    let service = quota_service_with_base_url(
+        &store,
+        reqwest::Client::builder()
+            .no_proxy()
+            .build()
+            .expect("client"),
+        server.uri(),
+    );
+
+    assert!(matches!(
+        service.refresh_account(account.id()).await,
+        Err(CodexCredentialQuotaError::Upstream { .. })
+    ));
+    assert_eq!(
+        store
+            .account(account_id)
+            .expect("account after rejection")
            .availability(),
        AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted
    );
@@ -424,14 +468,189 @@ async fn passive_rate_limit_headers_replace_stale_secondary_window() {
        .await
        .expect("read quota")
        .expect("quota snapshot");
+    let raw = store
+        .quota_json("acct_passive_quota_snapshot")
+        .expect("stored passive quota");
    let monthly = snapshot
        .windows()
        .iter()
        .filter(|window| window.kind() == CodexQuotaWindowKind::Monthly)
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();

+    assert_eq!(snapshot.windows().len(), 1);
    assert_eq!(monthly.len(), 1);
    assert_eq!(monthly[0].used_percent(), Some(92.0));
+    assert!(
+        raw.pointer("/rate_limit/secondary_window").is_none(),
+        "a normal response without a secondary window must delete stale raw state"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn manual_quota_refresh_marks_ready_account_exhausted_and_drops_empty_secondary_window() {
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
+    let account_id = "acct_manual_secondary_placeholder";
+    create_account(&store, account_id).await;
+    let account = store.account(account_id).expect("created account");
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    Mock::given(method("GET"))
+        .and(path("/api/codex/usage"))
+        .and(header(
+            "authorization",
+            format!("Bearer token-{account_id}"),
+        ))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
+            "rate_limit": {
+                "allowed": false,
+                "limit_reached": true,
+                "primary_window": {
+                    "used_percent": 100,
+                    "reset_at": 1_900_000_000,
+                    "limit_window_seconds": 2_592_000
+                },
+                "secondary_window": {
+                    "used_percent": 0,
+                    "limit_reached": false
+                }
+            }
+        })))
+        .expect(1)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+    let service = quota_service_with_base_url(
+        &store,
+        reqwest::Client::builder()
+            .no_proxy()
+            .build()
+            .expect("client"),
+        server.uri(),
+    );
+
+    let snapshot = service
+        .refresh_account(account.id())
+        .await
+        .expect("manual quota refresh");
+
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.windows().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.windows()[0].used_percent(), Some(100.0));
+    assert_eq!(
+        store
+            .account(account_id)
+            .expect("account after refresh")
+            .availability(),
+        AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn manual_quota_refresh_drops_null_secondary_window_during_confirmed_exhaustion() {
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
+    let account_id = "acct_manual_null_secondary_placeholder";
+    create_account(&store, account_id).await;
+    let account = store.account(account_id).expect("created account");
+    let reset_at = 1_900_000_000;
+    store
+        .compare_and_swap_quota(QuotaObservation {
+            account_id: account.id().clone(),
+            expected_revision: account.revision(),
+            quota: Some(OpaqueProviderData::new(
+                json!({
+                    "rate_limit": {
+                        "allowed": false,
+                        "limit_reached": true,
+                        "primary_window": {
+                            "used_percent": 100,
+                            "reset_at": reset_at,
+                            "limit_window_seconds": 2_592_000
+                        }
+                    }
+                })
+                .as_object()
+                .expect("quota object")
+                .clone(),
+            )),
+            observed_at: Some(SystemTime::now()),
+            limit_reached: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("seed confirmed exhaustion");
+    store
+        .apply_state_change(AccountStateChange {
+            message: None,
+            account_id: account.id().clone(),
+            expected_revision: account.revision(),
+            availability: AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted,
+            observed_at: SystemTime::now(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("mark account exhausted");
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    Mock::given(method("GET"))
+        .and(path("/api/codex/usage"))
+        .and(header(
+            "authorization",
+            format!("Bearer token-{account_id}"),
+        ))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
+            "rate_limit": {
+                "allowed": true,
+                "limit_reached": false,
+                "primary_window": {
+                    "used_percent": 86,
+                    "reset_at": reset_at,
+                    "reset_after_seconds": 2_133_000,
+                    "limit_window_seconds": 2_592_000
+                },
+                "secondary_window": null
+            }
+        })))
+        .expect(1)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+    let service = quota_service_with_base_url(
+        &store,
+        reqwest::Client::builder()
+            .no_proxy()
+            .build()
+            .expect("client"),
+        server.uri(),
+    );
+
+    let snapshot = service
+        .refresh_account(account.id())
+        .await
+        .expect("manual quota refresh");
+    let persisted = store
+        .get_quotas(&[account.id().clone()])
+        .await
+        .expect("read persisted quota")
+        .into_iter()
+        .next()
+        .and_then(|observation| observation.quota)
+        .map(OpaqueProviderData::into_inner)
+        .map(Value::Object)
+        .expect("persisted quota");
+
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.windows().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.windows()[0].used_percent(), Some(100.0));
+    assert_eq!(
+        snapshot.windows()[0]
+            .reset_at()
+            .map(|value| value.timestamp()),
+        Some(reset_at)
+    );
+    assert!(snapshot.fact().exhausted());
+    assert_eq!(
+        store
+            .account(account_id)
+            .expect("account after refresh")
+            .availability(),
+        AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted
+    );
+    assert!(
+        persisted.pointer("/rate_limit/secondary_window").is_none(),
+        "a null secondary window must not be projected as 100%"
+    );
 }

 #[tokio::test]
@@ -612,7 +831,7 @@ async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_does_not_scan_stale_ready_accounts() {
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_preserves_availability_when_usage_peaks() {
+async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_marks_ready_account_exhausted_when_primary_is_exhausted() {
    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
    create_account(&store, "acct_periodic_stuck_cooldown").await;
    let account = store
@@ -659,6 +878,50 @@ async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_preserves_availability_when_usage_peaks(
                "primary_window": {"used_percent": 100, "reset_at": reset_at}
            }
        })))
+        .expect(1)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+    let service = quota_service_with_base_url(
+        &store,
+        reqwest::Client::builder()
+            .no_proxy()
+            .build()
+            .expect("client"),
+        server.uri(),
+    );
+    service
+        .prepare_scheduling(std::slice::from_ref(&account))
+        .await;
+
+    let summary = service.synchronize().await.expect("quota synchronization");
+
+    assert_eq!(summary.exhausted, 1);
+    let reconciled = store
+        .account("acct_periodic_stuck_cooldown")
+        .expect("reconciled account");
+    assert_eq!(
+        reconciled.availability(),
+        AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_keeps_ready_when_only_secondary_window_is_exhausted() {
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
+    create_account(&store, "acct_periodic_secondary_only").await;
+    let reset_at = Utc::now().timestamp() + 24 * 60 * 60;
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    Mock::given(method("GET"))
+        .and(path("/api/codex/usage"))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
+            "rate_limit": {
+                "allowed": true,
+                "limit_reached": false,
+                "primary_window": {"used_percent": 5, "reset_at": reset_at},
+                "secondary_window": {"used_percent": 100, "reset_at": reset_at}
+            }
+        })))
+        .expect(1)
        .mount(&server)
        .await;
    let service = quota_service_with_base_url(
@@ -670,13 +933,99 @@ async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_preserves_availability_when_usage_peaks(
        server.uri(),
    );

-    service.synchronize().await.expect("quota synchronization");
+    let summary = service.synchronize().await.expect("quota synchronization");

-    // 429/触顶不再写入 availability（限流不改变账号可用性），worker 只更新 quota 数据。
-    let reconciled = store
-        .account("acct_periodic_stuck_cooldown")
-        .expect("reconciled account");
-    assert_eq!(reconciled.availability(), AccountAvailability::Ready);
+    assert_eq!(summary.exhausted, 1);
+    assert_eq!(
+        store
+            .account("acct_periodic_secondary_only")
+            .expect("reconciled account")
+            .availability(),
+        AccountAvailability::Ready
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_keeps_ready_when_primary_is_full_but_requests_are_allowed()
+{
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
+    create_account(&store, "acct_periodic_primary_full_but_allowed").await;
+    let reset_at = Utc::now().timestamp() + 24 * 60 * 60;
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    Mock::given(method("GET"))
+        .and(path("/api/codex/usage"))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
+            "rate_limit": {
+                "allowed": true,
+                "limit_reached": false,
+                "primary_window": {"used_percent": 100, "reset_at": reset_at}
+            }
+        })))
+        .expect(1)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+    let service = quota_service_with_base_url(
+        &store,
+        reqwest::Client::builder()
+            .no_proxy()
+            .build()
+            .expect("client"),
+        server.uri(),
+    );
+
+    let summary = service.synchronize().await.expect("quota synchronization");
+
+    assert_eq!(summary.exhausted, 1);
+    assert_eq!(
+        store
+            .account("acct_periodic_primary_full_but_allowed")
+            .expect("reconciled account")
+            .availability(),
+        AccountAvailability::Ready
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_keeps_ready_without_primary_exhaustion_evidence() {
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
+    create_account(
+        &store,
+        "acct_periodic_disallowed_without_primary_exhaustion",
+    )
+    .await;
+    let reset_at = Utc::now().timestamp() + 24 * 60 * 60;
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    Mock::given(method("GET"))
+        .and(path("/api/codex/usage"))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
+            "rate_limit": {
+                "allowed": false,
+                "limit_reached": false,
+                "primary_window": {"used_percent": 5, "reset_at": reset_at}
+            }
+        })))
+        .expect(1)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+    let service = quota_service_with_base_url(
+        &store,
+        reqwest::Client::builder()
+            .no_proxy()
+            .build()
+            .expect("client"),
+        server.uri(),
+    );
+
+    let summary = service.synchronize().await.expect("quota synchronization");
+
+    assert_eq!(summary.exhausted, 1);
+    assert_eq!(
+        store
+            .account("acct_periodic_disallowed_without_primary_exhaustion")
+            .expect("reconciled account")
+            .availability(),
+        AccountAvailability::Ready
+    );
 }

 #[tokio::test]
@@ -719,6 +1068,183 @@ async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_does_not_downgrade_exhaustion_on_rate_li
    assert_eq!(account.availability(), AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted);
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn periodic_quota_refresh_drops_empty_secondary_window() {
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
+    let account_id = "acct_periodic_secondary_placeholder";
+    create_account(&store, account_id).await;
+    let account = store.account(account_id).expect("created account");
+    store
+        .apply_state_change(AccountStateChange {
+            message: None,
+            account_id: account.id().clone(),
+            expected_revision: account.revision(),
+            availability: AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted,
+            observed_at: SystemTime::now(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("mark account exhausted");
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    Mock::given(method("GET"))
+        .and(path("/api/codex/usage"))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
+            "rate_limit": {
+                "allowed": true,
+                "limit_reached": false,
+                "primary_window": {
+                    "used_percent": 99,
+                    "reset_at": 1_900_000_000,
+                    "limit_window_seconds": 2_592_000
+                },
+                "secondary_window": {}
+            }
+        })))
+        .expect(1)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+    let service = quota_service_with_base_url(
+        &store,
+        reqwest::Client::builder()
+            .no_proxy()
+            .build()
+            .expect("client"),
+        server.uri(),
+    );
+
+    let summary = service.synchronize().await.expect("periodic quota refresh");
+    let snapshot = service
+        .read_account(account.id())
+        .await
+        .expect("read quota")
+        .expect("quota snapshot");
+
+    assert_eq!(summary.exhausted, 1);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.windows().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.windows()[0].used_percent(), Some(100.0));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn periodic_quota_refresh_drops_null_secondary_window() {
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
+    let account_id = "acct_periodic_null_secondary_placeholder";
+    create_account(&store, account_id).await;
+    let account = store.account(account_id).expect("created account");
+    store
+        .apply_state_change(AccountStateChange {
+            message: None,
+            account_id: account.id().clone(),
+            expected_revision: account.revision(),
+            availability: AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted,
+            observed_at: SystemTime::now(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("mark account exhausted");
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    Mock::given(method("GET"))
+        .and(path("/api/codex/usage"))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
+            "rate_limit": {
+                "allowed": true,
+                "limit_reached": false,
+                "primary_window": {
+                    "used_percent": 86,
+                    "reset_at": 1_900_000_000,
+                    "reset_after_seconds": 2_133_000,
+                    "limit_window_seconds": 2_592_000
+                },
+                "secondary_window": null
+            }
+        })))
+        .expect(1)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+    let service = quota_service_with_base_url(
+        &store,
+        reqwest::Client::builder()
+            .no_proxy()
+            .build()
+            .expect("client"),
+        server.uri(),
+    );
+
+    let summary = service.synchronize().await.expect("periodic quota refresh");
+    let snapshot = service
+        .read_account(account.id())
+        .await
+        .expect("read quota")
+        .expect("quota snapshot");
+
+    assert_eq!(summary.exhausted, 1);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.windows().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.windows()[0].used_percent(), Some(100.0));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn periodic_quota_refresh_keeps_nonempty_secondary_window_during_confirmed_exhaustion() {
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
+    let account_id = "acct_periodic_real_secondary";
+    create_account(&store, account_id).await;
+    let account = store.account(account_id).expect("created account");
+    store
+        .apply_state_change(AccountStateChange {
+            message: None,
+            account_id: account.id().clone(),
+            expected_revision: account.revision(),
+            availability: AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted,
+            observed_at: SystemTime::now(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("mark account exhausted");
+    let secondary_reset_at = 1_900_604_800;
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    Mock::given(method("GET"))
+        .and(path("/api/codex/usage"))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
+            "rate_limit": {
+                "allowed": true,
+                "limit_reached": false,
+                "primary_window": {
+                    "used_percent": 99,
+                    "reset_at": 1_900_000_000,
+                    "limit_window_seconds": 2_592_000
+                },
+                "secondary_window": {
+                    "used_percent": 0,
+                    "reset_at": secondary_reset_at,
+                    "limit_window_seconds": 604_800
+                }
+            }
+        })))
+        .expect(1)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+    let service = quota_service_with_base_url(
+        &store,
+        reqwest::Client::builder()
+            .no_proxy()
+            .build()
+            .expect("client"),
+        server.uri(),
+    );
+
+    let summary = service.synchronize().await.expect("periodic quota refresh");
+    let snapshot = service
+        .read_account(account.id())
+        .await
+        .expect("read quota")
+        .expect("quota snapshot");
+
+    assert_eq!(summary.exhausted, 1);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.windows().len(), 2);
+    assert!(snapshot.windows().iter().any(|window| {
+        window.window_seconds() == Some(604_800)
+            && window.used_percent() == Some(100.0)
+            && window
+                .reset_at()
+                .is_some_and(|reset_at| reset_at.timestamp() == secondary_reset_at)
+    }));
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_respects_retry_after_on_service_unavailable() {
    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
@@ -761,7 +1287,7 @@ async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_respects_retry_after_on_service_unavaila
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_skips_ready_accounts_without_quota_reached() {
+async fn initial_quota_synchronization_retries_ready_accounts_without_observation() {
    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
    create_account(&store, "acct_periodic_temporary_cooldown").await;
    let account = store
@@ -781,9 +1307,9 @@ async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_skips_ready_accounts_without_quota_reach
    let summary = blocked_network_quota_service(&store)
        .synchronize()
        .await
-        .expect("ordinary cooldown must not query upstream");
+        .expect("initial quota sync must not fail the worker");

-    assert_eq!(summary, CodexQuotaSyncSummary::default());
+    assert_eq!(summary.transient, 1);
    assert_eq!(
        store
            .account("acct_periodic_temporary_cooldown")
@@ -865,7 +1391,7 @@ async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_rechecks_exhausted_accounts_without_wait
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_does_not_recover_from_percent_drop_before_reset() {
+async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_keeps_exhaustion_at_ten_percent_after_advanced_reset() {
    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
    let account_id = "acct_periodic_recovery_evidence";
    create_account(&store, account_id).await;
@@ -944,8 +1470,8 @@ async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_does_not_recover_from_percent_drop_befor
        .and(path("/api/codex/usage"))
        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
            "rate_limit": {
-                // 无 allowed/limit_reached 标记的模糊快照。
-                "primary_window": {"used_percent": 99, "reset_at": reset_at}
+                // reset 已后移，但 10% 仍不能证明这是刚重置的新窗口。
+                "primary_window": {"used_percent": 10, "reset_at": reset_at + 3600}
            }
        })))
        .expect(1)
@@ -961,19 +1487,19 @@ async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_does_not_recover_from_percent_drop_befor
        server.uri(),
    );

-    let lower_percent = next_cycle
+    let ten_percent = next_cycle
        .synchronize()
        .await
-        .expect("lower percent quota recheck");
+        .expect("ten-percent quota recheck");

-    assert_eq!(lower_percent.exhausted, 1);
+    assert_eq!(ten_percent.exhausted, 1);
    assert_eq!(
        store
            .account(account_id)
-            .expect("account after lower percent snapshot")
+            .expect("account after ten-percent snapshot")
            .availability(),
        AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted,
-        "a provider percentage change is not sufficient to release a confirmed exhaustion"
+        "an advanced reset at exactly 10% is not sufficient to release confirmed exhaustion"
    );
    let snapshot = next_cycle
        .read_account(account.id())
@@ -984,12 +1510,12 @@ async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_does_not_recover_from_percent_drop_befor
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_recovers_after_recorded_reset() {
+async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_recovers_with_advanced_reset_and_low_primary_usage() {
    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
    let account_id = "acct_periodic_reset_elapsed";
    create_account(&store, account_id).await;
    let account = store.account(account_id).expect("created account");
-    let elapsed_reset = Utc::now().timestamp() - 60;
+    let old_reset = Utc::now().timestamp() + 3_600;
    store
        .compare_and_swap_quota(QuotaObservation {
            account_id: account.id().clone(),
@@ -999,7 +1525,7 @@ async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_recovers_after_recorded_reset() {
                    "rate_limit": {
                        "allowed": false,
                        "limit_reached": true,
-                        "primary_window": {"used_percent": 100, "reset_at": elapsed_reset}
+                        "primary_window": {"used_percent": 100, "reset_at": old_reset}
                    }
                })
                .as_object()
@@ -1010,7 +1536,7 @@ async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_recovers_after_recorded_reset() {
            limit_reached: Some(true),
        })
        .await
-        .expect("record elapsed exhausted reset");
+        .expect("record future exhausted reset");
    store
        .apply_state_change(AccountStateChange {
            message: None,
@@ -1020,9 +1546,9 @@ async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_recovers_after_recorded_reset() {
            observed_at: SystemTime::now(),
        })
        .await
-        .expect("mark account exhausted with an elapsed reset");
+        .expect("mark account exhausted with a future reset");
    let server = MockServer::start().await;
-    let next_reset = Utc::now().timestamp() + 3600;
+    let next_reset = old_reset + 3_600;
    Mock::given(method("GET"))
        .and(path("/api/codex/usage"))
        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
@@ -1044,7 +1570,7 @@ async fn periodic_quota_synchronization_recovers_after_recorded_reset() {
        server.uri(),
    );

-    // 定时复核可提前执行，但只有已记录的 reset 到期后才释放额度耗尽状态。
+    // 定时复核可在旧 reset 前执行；新主窗口已推进且用量低于 10% 才释放额度耗尽状态。
    let summary = service.synchronize().await.expect("quota synchronization");

    assert_eq!(summary.updated, 1);
@@ -1196,7 +1722,7 @@ async fn invalid_quota_json_for_one_account_does_not_abort_the_batch() {
        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
            "rate_limit": {
                "allowed": true,
-                "primary_window": {"used_percent": 25.0, "reset_at": next_reset}
+                "primary_window": {"used_percent": 1.0, "reset_at": next_reset}
            }
        })))
        .mount(&server)
@@ -1225,5 +1751,5 @@ async fn invalid_quota_json_for_one_account_does_not_abort_the_batch() {
        .await
        .expect("read good quota")
        .expect("good quota persisted");
-    assert_eq!(snapshot.fact().remaining_percent(), Some(75));
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.fact().remaining_percent(), Some(99));
 }
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! 402 恢复回归。
 //!
-//! 覆盖 `QuotaExhausted -> Ready` 的证据规则：旧 reset 已到期 + 新快照未耗尽。
+//! 覆盖 `QuotaExhausted -> Ready` 的证据规则：新 core primary reset 后移 + 新快照用量低于 10%。

 use super::*;

@@ -127,14 +127,13 @@ async fn manual_quota_refresh_keeps_confirmed_exhaustion_until_the_recorded_rese
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn expired_old_reset_with_fresh_allowed_snapshot_recovers_ready() {
-    // 旧快照 reset_at < now，新快照 allowed=true、
-    // limit_reached=false、reset_at > now；最终必须恢复 Ready。
+async fn advanced_reset_with_primary_usage_below_ten_percent_recovers_ready() {
+    // 旧 reset 仍在未来；同一主窗口 reset 后移且用量低于 10% 时才恢复 Ready。
    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
    let account_id = "acct_cross_window_recovery";
    create_account(&store, account_id).await;
    let account = store.account(account_id).expect("created account");
-    let old_reset = Utc::now().timestamp() - 60;
+    let old_reset = Utc::now().timestamp() + 3_600;
    store
        .compare_and_swap_quota(QuotaObservation {
            account_id: account.id().clone(),
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ async fn expired_old_reset_with_fresh_allowed_snapshot_recovers_ready() {
        .await
        .expect("mark account exhausted");
    let server = MockServer::start().await;
-    let future_reset = Utc::now().timestamp() + 3600;
+    let future_reset = old_reset + 3_600;
    Mock::given(method("GET"))
        .and(path("/api/codex/usage"))
        .and(header(
@@ -182,7 +181,7 @@ async fn expired_old_reset_with_fresh_allowed_snapshot_recovers_ready() {
            "rate_limit": {
                "allowed": true,
                "limit_reached": false,
-                "primary_window": {"used_percent": 5, "reset_at": future_reset}
+                "primary_window": {"used_percent": 9.9, "reset_at": future_reset}
            }
        })))
        .mount(&server)
@@ -208,6 +207,134 @@ async fn expired_old_reset_with_fresh_allowed_snapshot_recovers_ready() {
            .expect("account after cross-window recovery")
            .availability(),
        AccountAvailability::Ready,
-        "old reset elapsed + fresh allowed snapshot must recover QuotaExhausted"
+        "an advanced reset with a nearly unused primary window must recover QuotaExhausted"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn advanced_reset_with_primary_usage_at_ten_percent_keeps_confirmed_exhaustion() {
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
+    let account_id = "acct_cross_window_ten_percent";
+    create_account(&store, account_id).await;
+    let account = store.account(account_id).expect("created account");
+    let old_reset = Utc::now().timestamp() + 3_600;
+    store
+        .compare_and_swap_quota(QuotaObservation {
+            account_id: account.id().clone(),
+            expected_revision: account.revision(),
+            quota: Some(OpaqueProviderData::new(
+                json!({
+                    "rate_limit": {
+                        "allowed": false,
+                        "limit_reached": true,
+                        "primary_window": {
+                            "used_percent": 100,
+                            "reset_at": old_reset,
+                            "limit_window_seconds": 3600
+                        }
+                    }
+                })
+                .as_object()
+                .expect("quota object")
+                .clone(),
+            )),
+            observed_at: Some(SystemTime::now()),
+            limit_reached: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("seed old exhausted snapshot");
+    store
+        .apply_state_change(AccountStateChange {
+            message: None,
+            account_id: account.id().clone(),
+            expected_revision: account.revision(),
+            availability: AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted,
+            observed_at: SystemTime::now(),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("mark account exhausted");
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    let future_reset = old_reset + 3_600;
+    Mock::given(method("GET"))
+        .and(path("/api/codex/usage"))
+        .and(header(
+            "authorization",
+            format!("Bearer token-{account_id}"),
+        ))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(json!({
+            "rate_limit": {
+                "allowed": true,
+                "limit_reached": false,
+                "primary_window": {"used_percent": 10.0, "reset_at": future_reset}
+            }
+        })))
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+    let service = quota_service_with_base_url(
+        &store,
+        reqwest::Client::builder()
+            .no_proxy()
+            .build()
+            .expect("client"),
+        server.uri(),
+    );
+
+    let held = service
+        .refresh_account(account.id())
+        .await
+        .expect("refresh non-empty new window quota");
+
+    assert!(held.fact().exhausted());
+    assert_eq!(
+        store
+            .account(account_id)
+            .expect("account after ten-percent snapshot")
+            .availability(),
+        AccountAvailability::QuotaExhausted,
+        "a reset advance at exactly 10% must not release confirmed exhaustion"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn deactivated_workspace_quota_response_persists_the_upstream_reason() {
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
+    let account_id = "acct_deactivated_workspace";
+    create_account(&store, account_id).await;
+    let account = store.account(account_id).expect("created account");
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    Mock::given(method("GET"))
+        .and(path("/api/codex/usage"))
+        .and(header(
+            "authorization",
+            format!("Bearer token-{account_id}"),
+        ))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(402).set_body_json(json!({
+            "detail": {
+                "code": "deactivated_workspace",
+                "message": "workspace disabled"
+            }
+        })))
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+    let service = quota_service_with_base_url(
+        &store,
+        reqwest::Client::builder()
+            .no_proxy()
+            .build()
+            .expect("client"),
+        server.uri(),
+    );
+
+    assert!(service.refresh_account(account.id()).await.is_err());
+    assert_eq!(
+        store
+            .account(account_id)
+            .expect("account after deactivation")
+            .availability(),
+        AccountAvailability::Banned
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        store.last_error_message(account_id).as_deref(),
+        Some("deactivated_workspace")
    );
 }
@@ -364,6 +364,58 @@ async fn persisted_codex_alias_keeps_the_top_level_rate_limit_canonical() {
    );
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn persisted_quota_orders_core_window_before_additional_limit() {
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
+    create_account(&store, "acct_quota_order").await;
+    let account = store.account("acct_quota_order").expect("account");
+    let raw = json!({
+        "rate_limit": {
+            "secondary_window": {
+                "used_percent": 42,
+                "reset_at": 1_900_604_800,
+                "limit_window_seconds": 604_800
+            }
+        },
+        "additional_rate_limits": [{
+            "limit_name": "GPT-5.3-Codex-Spark",
+            "metered_feature": "gpt-5.3-codex-spark",
+            "rate_limit": {
+                "primary_window": {
+                    "used_percent": 17,
+                    "reset_at": 1_900_604_800,
+                    "limit_window_seconds": 604_800
+                }
+            }
+        }]
+    });
+    store
+        .compare_and_swap_quota(QuotaObservation {
+            account_id: account.id().clone(),
+            expected_revision: account.revision(),
+            quota: Some(OpaqueProviderData::new(
+                raw.as_object().expect("quota object").clone(),
+            )),
+            observed_at: Some(SystemTime::now()),
+            limit_reached: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("persist quota");
+
+    let snapshot = quota_service(&store)
+        .read_account(account.id())
+        .await
+        .expect("read quota")
+        .expect("quota snapshot");
+    let sources = snapshot
+        .windows()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|window| window.source())
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    assert_eq!(sources, ["codex", "gpt-5.3-codex-spark"]);
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn code_review_limit_projects_as_independent_window_with_limit_name() {
    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
@@ -72,7 +72,29 @@ async fn bounded_oauth_response_should_parse_lifetime_and_rotated_token() {

    assert_eq!(tokens.access_token, "access-rotated");
    assert_eq!(tokens.refresh_token.as_deref(), Some("refresh-rotated"));
-    assert_eq!(tokens.expires_in, Duration::from_secs(3600));
+    assert_eq!(tokens.expires_in, Some(Duration::from_secs(3600)));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn refresh_response_keeps_the_upstream_rotated_token_verbatim() {
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    Mock::given(method("POST"))
+        .and(path("/oauth/token"))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(serde_json::json!({
+            "access_token": "access-rotated",
+            "refresh_token": " ",
+            "expires_in": 3600
+        })))
+        .expect(1)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+
+    let tokens = client(&server)
+        .refresh("refresh-initial")
+        .await
+        .expect("upstream response is accepted");
+
+    assert_eq!(tokens.refresh_token.as_deref(), Some(" "));
 }

 #[tokio::test]
@@ -140,7 +162,41 @@ async fn authorization_code_exchange_should_require_bounded_oidc_token_set_and_p
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn authorization_code_exchange_should_reject_missing_nonce_carrier_or_non_json_success() {
+async fn authorization_code_exchange_keeps_upstream_access_and_refresh_tokens_verbatim() {
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+    Mock::given(method("POST"))
+        .and(path("/oauth/token"))
+        .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_json(serde_json::json!({
+            "access_token": " ",
+            "refresh_token": "",
+            "id_token": "header.payload.signature"
+        })))
+        .expect(1)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+
+    let tokens = client(&server)
+        .exchange_authorization_code(AuthorizationCodeGrant {
+            code: SecretString::from("authorization-code"),
+            code_verifier: SecretString::from("pkce-verifier"),
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("token endpoint response is trusted structurally");
+
+    assert_eq!(tokens.secret.access_token.expose_secret(), " ");
+    assert_eq!(
+        tokens
+            .secret
+            .refresh_token
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("required response field")
+            .expose_secret(),
+        ""
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn authorization_code_exchange_requires_id_token_and_json_response() {
    let missing_id = MockServer::start().await;
    Mock::given(method("POST"))
        .and(path("/oauth/token"))
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ fn account_profile_debug_redacts_identity_fields() {
 fn plaintext_provider_schema_round_trips_dynamic_cookie_data() {
    let data = CodexCredentialData::OAuth(CodexOAuthCredentialData {
        schema_version: 1,
-        principal: CodexCredentialPrincipal {
+        principal: Some(CodexCredentialPrincipal {
            oauth_subject: "subject-private".to_owned(),
            poid: Some("poid-private".to_owned()),
-        },
+        }),
        installation_id: "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001".to_owned(),
        access_token: "at".to_owned(),
        refresh_token: Some("rt".to_owned()),
@@ -214,6 +214,27 @@ fn generate_operation() -> Operation {
    ))
 }

+fn generate_with_session_context(
+    session_id: &str,
+    thread_id: Option<&str>,
+    turn_metadata: Option<&str>,
+) -> GenerateRequest {
+    let mut body = Map::from_iter([
+        ("model".to_owned(), json!("gpt-5.4")),
+        ("input".to_owned(), json!("hello")),
+        ("session_id".to_owned(), json!(session_id)),
+    ]);
+    if let Some(thread_id) = thread_id {
+        body.insert("thread_id".to_owned(), json!(thread_id));
+    }
+    if let Some(turn_metadata) = turn_metadata {
+        body.insert("turnMetadata".to_owned(), json!(turn_metadata));
+    }
+    GenerateRequest::from_protocol_payload(
+        ProtocolPayload::json_object("openai", body).expect("OpenAI payload"),
+    )
+}
+
 fn http_generate_operation() -> Operation {
    let payload = ProtocolPayload::json_object(
        "openai",
@@ -1173,6 +1194,58 @@ async fn explicit_session_id_should_override_turn_specific_prompt_cache_keys_for
    assert_eq!(keys[0], keys[1]);
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn thread_spawn_children_should_have_independent_session_affinity_keys() {
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
+    create_account(&store, "acct_thread_spawn_affinity").await;
+    let affinity = Arc::new(MemorySessionAffinity::default());
+    let provider = provider_with_affinity(&store, Arc::clone(&affinity));
+    let thread_spawn = r#"{"subagent_kind":"thread_spawn"}"#;
+
+    for (request_id, thread_id, turn_metadata) in [
+        (
+            "req_thread_spawn_first",
+            Some("child-one"),
+            Some(thread_spawn),
+        ),
+        (
+            "req_thread_spawn_second",
+            Some("child-two"),
+            Some(thread_spawn),
+        ),
+        (
+            "req_thread_spawn_repeat",
+            Some("child-one"),
+            Some(thread_spawn),
+        ),
+        ("req_thread_spawn_fallback", None, Some(thread_spawn)),
+        ("req_thread_spawn_parent", None, None),
+    ] {
+        let stream = provider
+            .execute(
+                planned_request(
+                    "openai",
+                    Operation::Generate(generate_with_session_context(
+                        "parent-session",
+                        thread_id,
+                        turn_metadata,
+                    )),
+                ),
+                context(request_id, CancellationToken::new()),
+            )
+            .await
+            .expect("prepare provider stream");
+        drop(stream);
+    }
+
+    let keys = affinity.lookup_keys();
+    assert_eq!(keys.len(), 5);
+    assert_ne!(keys[0], keys[1]);
+    assert_eq!(keys[0], keys[2]);
+    assert_ne!(keys[3], keys[4]);
+    assert_ne!(keys[0], keys[3]);
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn invalid_local_conversation_id_should_fall_back_to_an_opaque_affinity_key() {
    let store = Arc::new(MemoryAccountStore::default());
@@ -1364,7 +1437,8 @@ async fn official_usage_limit_failure_projects_100_percent_and_holds_until_reset
                    "rate_limit": {
                        "allowed": true,
                        "limit_reached": false,
-                        "primary_window": {"used_percent": 99, "reset_at": reset_at}
+                        "primary_window": {"used_percent": 99, "reset_at": reset_at},
+                        "secondary_window": {"used_percent": 0}
                    }
                })
                .as_object()
@@ -1390,7 +1464,8 @@ async fn official_usage_limit_failure_projects_100_percent_and_holds_until_reset
                    "rate_limit": {
                        "allowed": true,
                        "limit_reached": false,
-                        "primary_window": {"used_percent": 99, "reset_at": reset_at}
+                        "primary_window": {"used_percent": 99, "reset_at": reset_at},
+                        "secondary_window": {"used_percent": 0}
                    }
                })),
        )
@@ -1439,16 +1514,22 @@ async fn official_usage_limit_failure_projects_100_percent_and_holds_until_reset
        .next()
        .expect("confirmed quota observation");
    let projected_observed_at = projected.observed_at.expect("projection observed at");
-    let projected = projected
-        .quota
-        .map(OpaqueProviderData::into_inner)
-        .expect("confirmed quota projection");
+    let projected = Value::Object(
+        projected
+            .quota
+            .map(OpaqueProviderData::into_inner)
+            .expect("confirmed quota projection"),
+    );
    assert_eq!(
-        Value::Object(projected)
+        projected
            .pointer("/rate_limit/primary_window/used_percent")
            .and_then(Value::as_u64),
        Some(100)
    );
+    assert!(
+        projected.pointer("/rate_limit/secondary_window").is_none(),
+        "request failure must not manufacture a secondary quota"
+    );
    tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200)).await;
    let requests = server.received_requests().await.expect("received requests");
    assert_eq!(
@@ -1499,6 +1580,10 @@ async fn official_usage_limit_failure_projects_100_percent_and_holds_until_reset
            .and_then(Value::as_i64),
        Some(reset_at)
    );
+    assert!(
+        quota.pointer("/rate_limit/secondary_window").is_none(),
+        "background quota refresh must retain the same window projection"
+    );
    let requests = server.received_requests().await.expect("received requests");
    assert_eq!(
        requests
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ struct StoredAccount {
    credential: gateway_core::engine::credential::PlaintextCredential,
    quota: Option<QuotaObservation>,
    state_observed_at: Option<SystemTime>,
+    last_error_message: Option<String>,
 }

 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -70,37 +71,13 @@ impl MemoryAccountStore {
            .map(|stored| stored.account.clone())
    }

-    pub(crate) async fn advance_credential_revision(&self, id: &str) -> CredentialRevision {
-        let account_id = ProviderAccountId::new(id).expect("test account id");
-        let current = self
-            .load_current_credential(&account_id)
-            .await
-            .expect("current test credential");
-        let account = current.account;
-        let expected_revision = account.revision();
-        let update = CredentialCasUpdate::new(
-            account_id.clone(),
-            expected_revision,
-            ProviderAccountUpdate {
-                account_id,
-                name: account.name().to_owned(),
-                email: account.email().map(str::to_owned),
-                plan_type: account.plan_type().map(str::to_owned),
-            },
-            current.credential,
-            account.has_refresh_token(),
-            account.access_token_expires_at(),
-            account.next_refresh_at(),
-        )
-        .expect("valid test credential update");
-        match self
-            .compare_and_swap_credential(update)
-            .await
-            .expect("advance test credential revision")
-        {
-            CredentialCasOutcome::Updated(revision) => revision,
-            CredentialCasOutcome::Conflict => panic!("test credential revision conflicted"),
-        }
+    pub(crate) fn last_error_message(&self, id: &str) -> Option<String> {
+        let id = ProviderAccountId::new(id).ok()?;
+        self.accounts
+            .lock()
+            .expect("account store lock")
+            .get(&id)
+            .and_then(|stored| stored.last_error_message.clone())
    }

    pub(crate) fn quota_reads(&self) -> usize {
@@ -148,6 +125,7 @@ impl ProviderAccountStore for MemoryAccountStore {
                credential: input.credential,
                quota: None,
                state_observed_at: None,
+                last_error_message: None,
            },
        );
        Ok(())
@@ -321,6 +299,11 @@ impl ProviderAccountStore for MemoryAccountStore {
            },
        );
        stored.state_observed_at = Some(change.observed_at);
+        if change.availability == AccountAvailability::Ready {
+            stored.last_error_message = None;
+        } else if let Some(message) = change.message {
+            stored.last_error_message = Some(message);
+        }
        Ok(())
    }

@@ -404,7 +387,7 @@ fn rebuild_account(current: &ProviderAccount, rebuild: AccountRebuild) -> Provid
        current.id().clone(),
        current.provider().clone(),
        name,
-        current.upstream_user_id().to_owned(),
+        current.upstream_user_id().map(str::to_owned),
        current.authentication_kind().to_owned(),
        rebuild.revision,
        rebuild.access_token_expires_at,
@@ -754,25 +737,6 @@ pub(crate) fn account_policy() -> gateway_core::engine::credential::AccountSelec
    )
 }

-pub(crate) fn codex_account(id: &str) -> ProviderAccount {
-    ProviderAccount::new(
-        ProviderAccountId::new(id).expect("account id"),
-        ProviderKind::new("openai").expect("provider"),
-        id.to_owned(),
-        format!("user-chatgpt-{id}"),
-        "oauth".to_owned(),
-        CredentialRevision::new(1).expect("revision"),
-        Some(SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(3_600)),
-    )
-    .with_profile(
-        Some(format!("{id}@example.com")),
-        Some(format!("chatgpt-{id}")),
-        Some("pro".to_owned()),
-    )
-    .with_runtime_state(true, AccountAvailability::Ready)
-    .with_refresh_schedule(true, Some(SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(2_700)))
-}
-
 /// 内存 `ProviderCooldownPort`：只实现 `read`/`put_if_later`（openai selector
 /// 429 冷却路径用），其余 scope 变体测试不涉及，返回占位。
 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ const METADATA_PREFIX_FIXTURE: &str = include_str!(
 );

 #[test]
-fn decoder_should_preserve_existing_metadata_fixture_as_openai_wire() {
+fn decoder_should_not_forward_codex_rate_limit_metadata_fixture_as_openai_wire() {
    let events = CodexCanonicalDecoder::new("fallback")
+        .with_raw_sse_passthrough()
        .push(METADATA_PREFIX_FIXTURE.as_bytes())
        .expect("metadata fixture should remain open-world");
    let wire_types = events
@@ -20,16 +21,32 @@ fn decoder_should_preserve_existing_metadata_fixture_as_openai_wire() {
        .filter_map(|wire| wire.event_type())
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();

-    assert_eq!(
-        wire_types,
-        vec!["response.created", "codex.rate_limits", "response.metadata"]
-    );
+    assert_eq!(wire_types, vec!["response.created", "response.metadata"]);
    assert!(matches!(
        canonical_facts(&events).as_slice(),
        [GatewayEvent::Started(_)]
    ));
 }

+#[test]
+fn raw_sse_passthrough_should_drop_rate_limit_control_without_timing_side_effects() {
+    let frame = concat!(
+        "event: codex.rate_limits\n",
+        "data: {\"type\":\"codex.rate_limits\",\"rate_limits\":{\"primary\":{\"used_percent\":90}}}\n\n",
+    );
+    let mut decoder = CodexCanonicalDecoder::new("fallback").with_raw_sse_passthrough();
+
+    let events = decoder
+        .push(frame.as_bytes())
+        .expect("quota control frame should be accepted");
+    let signals = decoder.take_timing_signals();
+
+    assert!(events.is_empty());
+    assert!(!signals.protocol_progress);
+    assert!(!signals.output_start);
+    assert!(!signals.semantic_output);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn decoder_should_preserve_empty_opaque_response_id_in_canonical_facts() {
    let body = concat!(
@@ -407,7 +424,7 @@ fn decoder_should_preserve_image_tool_tokens_in_canonical_usage() {
 }

 #[test]
-fn decoder_should_accept_official_codex_metadata_lifecycle_events() {
+fn decoder_should_drop_rate_limit_control_and_preserve_metadata_lifecycle_events() {
    let body = concat!(
        "event: codex.rate_limits\n",
        "data: {\"type\":\"codex.rate_limits\",\"rate_limits\":{\"primary\":{\"used_percent\":42.0}}}\n\n",
@@ -422,10 +439,25 @@ fn decoder_should_accept_official_codex_metadata_lifecycle_events() {
    );

    let events = CodexCanonicalDecoder::new("fallback")
+        .with_raw_sse_passthrough()
        .push(body.as_bytes())
        .expect("official Codex metadata lifecycle events");
    let canonical = canonical_facts(&events);
+    let wire_types = events
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(ProviderEvent::wire_event)
+        .filter_map(|wire| wire.event_type())
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();

+    assert_eq!(
+        wire_types,
+        vec![
+            "response.metadata",
+            "response.in_progress",
+            "response.output_text.delta",
+            "response.completed"
+        ]
+    );
    assert!(matches!(
        canonical.as_slice(),
        [
@@ -219,6 +219,10 @@ async fn fetch_should_send_official_catalog_headers_and_query() {
        .and(header("authorization", "Bearer oauth-access"))
        .and(header("chatgpt-account-id", "acct_123"))
        .and(header("originator", "codex_cli_rs"))
+        .and(header(
+            "user-agent",
+            "codex_cli_rs/0.144.0 (linux 6.8; x86_64) xterm (codex_cli_rs; 1.0.0)",
+        ))
        .and(header("accept", "application/json"))
        .and(header("x-codex-installation-id", "installation-123"))
        .respond_with(
@@ -385,6 +385,11 @@ async fn codex_backend_client_should_capture_forwardable_response_metadata() {
                .insert_header("connection", "x-hop-secret")
                .insert_header("x-hop-secret", "hop-secret")
                .insert_header("x-codex-primary-used-percent", "15")
+                .insert_header("x-codex-code-review-primary-used-percent", "20")
+                .insert_header("x-codex-promo-message", "internal quota notice")
+                .insert_header("x-codex-safety-buffering-enabled", "true")
+                .insert_header("retry-after", "17")
+                .insert_header("x-ratelimit-remaining", "23")
                .set_body_string(body),
        )
        .mount(&server)
@@ -445,11 +450,13 @@ async fn codex_backend_client_should_capture_forwardable_response_metadata() {
            "date",
            "openai-model",
            "openai-processing-ms",
-            "x-codex-primary-used-percent",
+            "retry-after",
+            "x-codex-safety-buffering-enabled",
            "x-future-bytes",
            "x-future-multi",
            "x-future-multi",
            "x-models-etag",
+            "x-ratelimit-remaining",
            "x-reasoning-included",
            "x-request-id"
        ]
@@ -486,10 +493,22 @@ async fn codex_backend_client_should_capture_forwardable_response_metadata() {
        );
    }
    assert_eq!(response.set_cookie_headers, vec!["secret=value"]);
-    assert_eq!(
-        response.rate_limit_headers,
-        vec![("x-codex-primary-used-percent".to_string(), "15".to_string())]
-    );
+    for expected in [
+        ("x-codex-primary-used-percent", "15"),
+        ("x-codex-code-review-primary-used-percent", "20"),
+        ("x-codex-promo-message", "internal quota notice"),
+        ("retry-after", "17"),
+        ("x-ratelimit-remaining", "23"),
+    ] {
+        assert!(
+            response
+                .rate_limit_headers
+                .iter()
+                .any(|(name, value)| name == expected.0 && value == expected.1),
+            "missing locally observed rate-limit header {}",
+            expected.0
+        );
+    }
 }

 #[tokio::test]
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ impl CodexCliReleaseTransport for CliReleaseTransport {
 }

 #[test]
-fn wire_profile_should_generate_codex_core_user_agent() {
+fn wire_profile_should_generate_bundled_core_app_server_user_agent() {
    let profile = CodexWireProfile {
        originator: "Codex Desktop".to_owned(),
        codex_version: "0.144.2".to_owned(),
        desktop_version: "26.707.72221".to_owned(),
        desktop_build: "72221".to_owned(),
-        os_type: "macOS".to_owned(),
+        os_type: "Mac OS".to_owned(),
        os_version: "15.7.1".to_owned(),
        arch: "arm64".to_owned(),
        terminal: "unknown".to_owned(),
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ fn wire_profile_should_generate_codex_core_user_agent() {

    assert_eq!(
        profile.user_agent(),
-        "Codex Desktop/0.144.2 (macOS 15.7.1; arm64) unknown"
+        "Codex Desktop/0.144.2 (Mac OS 15.7.1; arm64) unknown (Codex Desktop; 26.707.72221)"
    );
 }

@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ fn desktop_appcast_should_reject_invalid_version_and_build() {
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn wire_profile_release_update_should_change_only_desktop_identity() {
    let original = wire_profile();
+    let original_user_agent = original.user_agent();
    let state = CodexWireProfileState::new(original.clone());
    let service = CodexDesktopReleaseService::new(
        state.clone(),
@@ -155,6 +156,11 @@ async fn wire_profile_release_update_should_change_only_desktop_identity() {
    assert_eq!(updated.arch, original.arch);
    assert_eq!(updated.terminal, original.terminal);
    assert_eq!(updated.verified_at, original.verified_at);
+    assert_ne!(updated.user_agent(), original_user_agent);
+    assert_eq!(
+        updated.user_agent(),
+        "Codex Desktop/0.144.2 (Mac OS 15.7.1; arm64) unknown (Codex Desktop; 26.720.1)"
+    );
    let status = service.status().snapshot();
    assert_eq!(status.latest, Some(release("26.720.1", "72001")));
    assert!(status.checked_at.is_some());
@@ -164,6 +170,7 @@ async fn wire_profile_release_update_should_change_only_desktop_identity() {
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn cli_release_update_should_change_only_codex_core_identity() {
    let original = wire_profile();
+    let original_user_agent = original.user_agent();
    let state = CodexWireProfileState::new(original.clone());
    let service = CodexCliReleaseService::new(
        state.clone(),
@@ -182,6 +189,11 @@ async fn cli_release_update_should_change_only_codex_core_identity() {
    assert_eq!(updated.arch, original.arch);
    assert_eq!(updated.terminal, original.terminal);
    assert_eq!(updated.verified_at, original.verified_at);
+    assert_ne!(updated.user_agent(), original_user_agent);
+    assert_eq!(
+        updated.user_agent(),
+        "Codex Desktop/0.145.0 (Mac OS 15.7.1; arm64) unknown (Codex Desktop; 26.707.72221)"
+    );
 }

 #[tokio::test]
@@ -219,7 +231,7 @@ fn wire_profile() -> CodexWireProfile {
        codex_version: "0.144.2".to_owned(),
        desktop_version: "26.707.72221".to_owned(),
        desktop_build: "72221".to_owned(),
-        os_type: "macOS".to_owned(),
+        os_type: "Mac OS".to_owned(),
        os_version: "15.7.1".to_owned(),
        arch: "arm64".to_owned(),
        terminal: "unknown".to_owned(),
@@ -31,6 +31,30 @@ fn response_body_has_semantic_output(body_bytes: &[u8]) -> bool {
    })
 }

+fn response_body_has_output_start(body_bytes: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    let body = String::from_utf8_lossy(body_bytes);
+    let lf_end = body.rfind("\n\n").map(|index| index + 2);
+    let crlf_end = body.rfind("\r\n\r\n").map(|index| index + 4);
+    let Some(end) = lf_end.into_iter().chain(crlf_end).max() else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    let Ok(events) = parse_sse_events(&body[..end]) else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    events.iter().any(|event| {
+        let Ok(value) = serde_json::from_str::<Value>(&event.data) else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        let event_type = event.event.as_deref().or_else(|| {
+            value
+                .get("type")
+                .and_then(Value::as_str)
+                .filter(|value| !value.trim().is_empty())
+        });
+        response_event_signals(event_type, &value).output_start
+    })
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn semantic_output_should_detect_a_text_delta() {
    let body = b"event: response.output_text.delta\ndata: {\"delta\":\"hello\"}\n\n";
@@ -68,6 +92,37 @@ fn semantic_output_should_ignore_response_created() {
    assert!(!response_body_has_semantic_output(body));
 }

+#[test]
+fn output_start_should_ignore_preamble_and_failure_frames() {
+    for body in [
+        b"event: response.created\ndata: {\"type\":\"response.created\",\"response\":{}}\n\n".as_slice(),
+        b"event: response.in_progress\ndata: {\"type\":\"response.in_progress\",\"response\":{}}\n\n",
+        b"event: response.failed\ndata: {\"type\":\"response.failed\",\"response\":{\"status\":\"failed\"}}\n\n",
+        b"data: {\"type\":\"error\"}\n\n",
+    ] {
+        assert!(
+            !response_body_has_output_start(body),
+            "frame must not start output: {body:?}"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn output_start_should_count_structural_and_semantic_frames() {
+    for body in [
+        // 结构帧无内容也算。
+        b"event: response.output_item.added\ndata: {\"type\":\"response.output_item.added\",\"item\":{\"type\":\"message\"}}\n\n".as_slice(),
+        b"event: response.content_part.added\ndata: {\"type\":\"response.content_part.added\",\"part\":{\"type\":\"output_text\"}}\n\n",
+        b"event: response.output_text.delta\ndata: {\"delta\":\"hello\"}\n\n",
+        b"event: response.reasoning_text.delta\ndata: {\"delta\":\"thinking\"}\n\n",
+    ] {
+        assert!(
+            response_body_has_output_start(body),
+            "frame must start output: {body:?}"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn response_signals_should_not_count_structural_output_item_added() {
    let signals = response_event_signals(
@@ -163,7 +163,12 @@ async fn fetch_should_use_wham_usage_headers_only() {
            "unexpected {name} header"
        );
    }
-    assert!(headers.get("user-agent").is_some());
+    assert_eq!(
+        headers
+            .get("user-agent")
+            .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok()),
+        Some("codex_cli_rs/0.144.0 (linux 6.8; x86_64) xterm (codex_cli_rs; 1.0.0)")
+    );
    let quota_header_names = headers
        .keys()
        .map(|name| name.as_str())
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use gateway_admin::model::provider_credentials::{
    PreparedCredentialCreate, PreparedCredentialImport, PreparedCredentialRotation,
    PreparedCredentialRotationFacts, ProviderDocument, ProviderExport,
    ProviderExportCredentialInput, ProviderModel, ProviderModels, ProviderQuota,
-    ProviderQuotaRequest, ProviderQuotaWindow,
+    ProviderQuotaRequest, ProviderQuotaWindow, QuotaLocalUsageAttribution,
 };
 use gateway_admin::model::{AdminError, MutationActor, MutationContext, Revision};
 use gateway_admin::ports::provider::{ProviderAdmin, ProviderAdminError, ProviderAdminErrorKind};
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ use gateway_core::operation::{GenerateRequest, Operation, ProtocolPayload};
 use gateway_core::provider_ports::{
    NewOAuthPendingFlow, OAuthPendingBinding, OAuthPendingClaimOutcome, OAuthPendingConsumeOutcome,
    OAuthPendingFlowPort, OAuthPendingPutOutcome, OAuthPendingReleaseOutcome, ProviderCooldownPort,
-    ProviderRefreshPolicy, ProviderRuntimePolicyPort, ProviderStoreError, ProviderStoreErrorKind,
+    ProviderStoreError, ProviderStoreErrorKind,
 };
 use gateway_core::routing::{ProviderKind, UpstreamModelId};
 use serde::Deserialize;
@@ -142,7 +142,6 @@ pub(crate) struct XaiAdminProvider {
    refresh: Arc<GrokCredentialRefreshService>,
    quota: Arc<GrokCredentialQuotaService>,
    catalog: Arc<GrokCredentialCatalogService>,
-    runtime_policy: Arc<dyn ProviderRuntimePolicyPort>,
    cooldowns: Arc<dyn ProviderCooldownPort>,
 }

@@ -154,7 +153,6 @@ pub(crate) struct XaiAdminServices {
    pub(crate) refresh: Arc<GrokCredentialRefreshService>,
    pub(crate) quota: Arc<GrokCredentialQuotaService>,
    pub(crate) catalog: Arc<GrokCredentialCatalogService>,
-    pub(crate) runtime_policy: Arc<dyn ProviderRuntimePolicyPort>,
    pub(crate) cooldowns: Arc<dyn ProviderCooldownPort>,
 }

@@ -179,7 +177,6 @@ impl XaiAdminProvider {
            refresh: services.refresh,
            quota: services.quota,
            catalog: services.catalog,
-            runtime_policy: services.runtime_policy,
            cooldowns: services.cooldowns,
        }
    }
@@ -430,11 +427,6 @@ impl ProviderAdmin for XaiAdminProvider {
        let document = GrokOAuthImportDocument::parse_json(&document)
            .map_err(|_| provider_error(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid))?;
        let discovery = self.oauth.discover().await.map_err(map_oauth_error)?;
-        let policy = self
-            .runtime_policy
-            .load_refresh_policy()
-            .await
-            .map_err(map_provider_store_error)?;
        let mut subjects = BTreeSet::new();
        let mut credentials = Vec::new();
        // 逐条目独立成败：verify 会真实轮换 RT，后续条目的任何失败都不得
@@ -484,7 +476,7 @@ impl ProviderAdmin for XaiAdminProvider {
                tokens,
                enabled: true,
            };
-            let prepared = match GrokCredentialAdmin.prepare_verified_account(&account, policy) {
+            let prepared = match GrokCredentialAdmin.prepare_verified_account(&account) {
                Ok(prepared) => prepared,
                Err(error) => {
                    tracing::warn!(
@@ -632,12 +624,7 @@ impl ProviderAdmin for XaiAdminProvider {
            .verify_imported_credential(&discovery, candidate)
            .await
            .map_err(|error| map_failure_class(error.class()))?;
-        let policy = self
-            .runtime_policy
-            .load_refresh_policy()
-            .await
-            .map_err(map_provider_store_error)?;
-        let prepared = verified_rotation(current, tokens, policy)?;
+        let prepared = verified_rotation(current, tokens)?;
        prepared_rotation(prepared, command.account.provider_kind)
    }

@@ -787,30 +774,22 @@ impl XaiAdminProvider {
            .exchange_authorization_code(&discovery, grant)
            .await
            .map_err(map_oauth_error)?;
-        let policy = self
-            .runtime_policy
-            .load_refresh_policy()
-            .await
-            .map_err(map_provider_store_error)?;
        let credential = match stored.mutation.target() {
            AuthorizationMutationTarget::Create { name } => {
                let prepared = GrokCredentialAdmin
-                    .prepare_verified_account(
-                        &VerifiedGrokAccount {
-                            account_id: ProviderAccountId::new(format!(
-                                "acct_{}",
-                                Uuid::now_v7().simple()
-                            ))
-                            .map_err(|_| provider_error(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Internal))?,
-                            name: name.clone(),
-                            email: None,
-                            upstream_account_id: None,
-                            plan_type: None,
-                            tokens,
-                            enabled: true,
-                        },
-                        policy,
-                    )
+                    .prepare_verified_account(&VerifiedGrokAccount {
+                        account_id: ProviderAccountId::new(format!(
+                            "acct_{}",
+                            Uuid::now_v7().simple()
+                        ))
+                        .map_err(|_| provider_error(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Internal))?,
+                        name: name.clone(),
+                        email: None,
+                        upstream_account_id: None,
+                        plan_type: None,
+                        tokens,
+                        enabled: true,
+                    })
                    .map_err(map_repository_error)?;
                PreparedAuthorizationCredential::Create(prepared_create(prepared, Utc::now())?)
            }
@@ -823,7 +802,7 @@ impl XaiAdminProvider {
                if current.account.provider() != &self.provider_kind {
                    return Err(provider_error(ProviderAdminErrorKind::NotFound));
                }
-                let prepared = verified_rotation(current, tokens, policy)?;
+                let prepared = verified_rotation(current, tokens)?;
                PreparedAuthorizationCredential::Reauthorize(prepared_rotation(
                    prepared,
                    self.provider_kind.clone(),
@@ -858,7 +837,6 @@ impl CredentialCommitGuard for XaiCredentialCommitGuard {
 fn verified_rotation(
    current: LoadedCredential,
    tokens: VerifiedTokenSet,
-    policy: ProviderRefreshPolicy,
 ) -> Result<PreparedGrokCredentialRotation, ProviderAdminError> {
    let expires_in = tokens
        .expires_in()
@@ -867,13 +845,9 @@ fn verified_rotation(
        .refresh_token()
        .cloned()
        .ok_or_else(|| provider_error(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid))?;
-    let now = SystemTime::now();
-    let access_token_expires_at = now
+    let access_token_expires_at = SystemTime::now()
        .checked_add(expires_in)
        .ok_or_else(|| provider_error(ProviderAdminErrorKind::Invalid))?;
-    let next_refresh_at = policy
-        .next_attempt_at(current.account.id(), access_token_expires_at, now)
-        .map_err(map_provider_store_error)?;
    GrokCredentialAdmin
        .prepare_rotation(&RotateManagedGrokCredential {
            secret: GrokOAuthSecret {
@@ -891,7 +865,6 @@ fn verified_rotation(
                refresh_token_expires_at: None,
            },
            current,
-            next_refresh_at: next_refresh_at.into(),
        })
        .map_err(map_repository_error)
 }
@@ -909,7 +882,7 @@ fn prepared_create(
        provider_kind: account.provider().clone(),
        name: account.name().to_owned(),
        email: account.email().map(str::to_owned),
-        upstream_user_id: account.upstream_user_id().to_owned(),
+        upstream_user_id: account.upstream_user_id().map(str::to_owned),
        upstream_account_id: account.upstream_account_id().map(str::to_owned),
        plan_type: account.plan_type().map(str::to_owned),
        authentication_kind: account.authentication_kind().to_owned(),
@@ -1032,7 +1005,7 @@ fn account_from_record(account: &AccountRecord) -> Result<ProviderAccount, Provi
 fn account_matches_record(account: &ProviderAccount, record: &AccountRecord) -> bool {
    account.id().as_str() == record.id
        && account.provider() == &record.provider_kind
-        && account.upstream_user_id() == record.upstream_user_id
+        && account.upstream_user_id() == record.upstream_user_id.as_deref()
        && account.upstream_account_id() == record.upstream_account_id.as_deref()
        && account.authentication_kind() == record.authentication_kind
 }
@@ -1086,6 +1059,7 @@ fn project_quota(
            group: quota_group(period_kind).to_owned(),
            label: xai_quota_window_label(period_kind, window_seconds),
            source: None,
+            local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide,
            window_seconds,
            used_percent: billing.used_percent(),
            reset_at: billing.period_end().and_then(parse_utc),
@@ -1101,6 +1075,7 @@ fn project_quota(
            group: "shortTerm".to_owned(),
            label: "日限额".to_owned(),
            source: None,
+            local_usage_attribution: QuotaLocalUsageAttribution::AccountWide,
            window_seconds: Some(crate::GROK_FREE_ROLLING_WINDOW_SECONDS),
            used_percent: None,
            reset_at: None,
@@ -1166,9 +1166,13 @@ async fn fetch_candidate_catalog(
    candidate: LoadedGrokCredential,
    wire_profile: XaiWireProfileState,
 ) -> Result<FetchedCredentialCatalog, GrokCredentialCatalogError> {
+    let upstream_user_id = candidate
+        .account
+        .upstream_user_id()
+        .ok_or(GrokCredentialCatalogError::InvalidCredentialData)?;
    let session = GrokModelCatalogSession::new(
        candidate.access_token,
-        SecretValue::new(candidate.account.upstream_user_id().to_owned()),
+        SecretValue::new(upstream_user_id),
        candidate
            .account
            .email()
@@ -1214,9 +1218,13 @@ fn billing_session(
    loaded: &LoadedGrokCredential,
    wire_profile: &XaiWireProfileState,
 ) -> Result<GrokModelCatalogSession, GrokQuotaError> {
+    let upstream_user_id = loaded
+        .account
+        .upstream_user_id()
+        .ok_or(GrokQuotaError::InvalidData)?;
    GrokModelCatalogSession::new(
        loaded.access_token.clone(),
-        SecretValue::new(loaded.account.upstream_user_id().to_owned()),
+        SecretValue::new(upstream_user_id),
        loaded
            .account
            .email()
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ impl GrokOAuthClient {
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// 返回已分类的 OAuth 错误。refresh token 可能已轮换，Ambiguous 类
-    /// transport 失败不得自动重试。
+    /// transport 失败不在本次 exchange 内重试，后续交由 refresh scheduler 退避协调。
    pub async fn refresh(
        &self,
        discovery: &DiscoveryDocument,
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub enum OAuthErrorCode {
 pub enum FailureClass {
    /// 瞬时失败，允许后续独立协调的重试。
    Transient,
-    /// 发送状态不确定，一次性凭据不得重放。
+    /// 发送状态不确定，不应在同一 exchange 内重放一次性凭据。
    Ambiguous,
    /// 当前 revision 的凭据被永久拒绝。
    CredentialPermanent,
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ use gateway_core::engine::credential::{
    AccountAvailability, CredentialRevision, LoadedCredential, ProviderAccountId,
 };
 use gateway_core::provider_ports::{
-    ProviderCooldown, ProviderCooldownPort, ProviderCredentialStatePort, ProviderLeaseAcquisition,
-    ProviderLeasePort, ProviderLeaseRequest, ProviderRefreshCapacityRequest,
-    ProviderRefreshLeaseRequest, ProviderRefreshPolicy, ProviderRuntimePolicyPort,
-    ProviderStoreError, provider_refresh_backoff_at,
+    ProviderCredentialStatePort, ProviderLeaseAcquisition, ProviderLeasePort, ProviderLeaseRequest,
+    ProviderRefreshCapacityRequest, ProviderRefreshLeaseRequest, ProviderRefreshPolicy,
+    ProviderRuntimePolicyPort, ProviderStoreError, provider_refresh_backoff_at,
+    provider_refresh_retry_at,
 };

 use super::catalog::GrokCredentialCatalogService;
@@ -38,12 +38,49 @@ const MAX_SECRET_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1_024;
 const DISCOVERY_NEGATIVE_CACHE_TTL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
 /// 连续失败计数窗口；静默满窗后计数过期归零。
 const REFRESH_BACKOFF_WINDOW: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30 * 60);
-const REFRESH_AMBIGUITY_COOLDOWN: Duration = Duration::from_secs(24 * 60 * 60);
+/// 窗口内先执行五次指数退避，再进入固定恢复周期。
+const REFRESH_BACKOFF_MAX_ATTEMPTS: u32 = 5;
+/// 耗尽指数退避后的 OAuth 恢复周期。
+const REFRESH_RECOVERY_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10 * 60);
+/// 过期 AT 仍允许 RT 恢复的最长窗口。
+const REFRESH_RECOVERY_WINDOW: Duration = Duration::from_secs(24 * 60 * 60);
+
+fn refresh_recovery_deadline(access_token_expires_at: Option<SystemTime>) -> Option<SystemTime> {
+    access_token_expires_at.and_then(|expires_at| expires_at.checked_add(REFRESH_RECOVERY_WINDOW))
+}
+
+fn refresh_recovery_window_exhausted(
+    access_token_expires_at: Option<SystemTime>,
+    now: SystemTime,
+) -> bool {
+    refresh_recovery_deadline(access_token_expires_at).is_some_and(|deadline| deadline <= now)
+}
+
+fn bounded_refresh_retry_at(
+    retry_at: SystemTime,
+    access_token_expires_at: Option<SystemTime>,
+    observed_at: SystemTime,
+) -> SystemTime {
+    let mut bounded = retry_at;
+    if let Some(expires_at) = access_token_expires_at
+        && expires_at > observed_at
+        && bounded > expires_at
+    {
+        bounded = expires_at;
+    }
+    if let Some(deadline) = refresh_recovery_deadline(access_token_expires_at)
+        && bounded > deadline
+    {
+        bounded = deadline;
+    }
+    bounded
+}

 /// 一个到期且已按 revision 读取明文 RT 的 xAI account。
 pub struct DueGrokCredential {
    account_id: ProviderAccountId,
    credential_revision: CredentialRevision,
+    access_token_expires_at: Option<SystemTime>,
    refresh_token: SecretValue,
    id_token: Option<SecretValue>,
    scope: String,
@@ -77,6 +114,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for DueGrokCredential {
            .debug_struct("DueGrokCredential")
            .field("account_id", &self.account_id)
            .field("credential_revision", &self.credential_revision)
+            .field("access_token_expires_at", &self.access_token_expires_at)
            .field("refresh_token", &"[REDACTED]")
            .field("id_token", &self.id_token.as_ref().map(|_| "[REDACTED]"))
            .field("scope", &"[REDACTED]")
@@ -277,7 +315,6 @@ pub struct GrokCredentialRefreshService {
    refresher: Arc<dyn GrokCredentialRefresher>,
    catalog: Arc<GrokCredentialCatalogService>,
    leases: Arc<dyn ProviderLeasePort>,
-    cooldowns: Arc<dyn ProviderCooldownPort>,
    credential_state: Arc<dyn ProviderCredentialStatePort>,
    runtime_policy: Arc<dyn ProviderRuntimePolicyPort>,
 }
@@ -288,7 +325,6 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
        refresher: Arc<dyn GrokCredentialRefresher>,
        catalog: Arc<GrokCredentialCatalogService>,
        leases: Arc<dyn ProviderLeasePort>,
-        cooldowns: Arc<dyn ProviderCooldownPort>,
        credential_state: Arc<dyn ProviderCredentialStatePort>,
        runtime_policy: Arc<dyn ProviderRuntimePolicyPort>,
    ) -> Self {
@@ -297,7 +333,6 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
            refresher,
            catalog,
            leases,
-            cooldowns,
            credential_state,
            runtime_policy,
        }
@@ -328,13 +363,19 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
            .await
            .map_err(|_| GrokCredentialRefreshError::Preparation)?;
        let policy = self.runtime_policy.load_refresh_policy().await?;
+        let subject = loaded
+            .account
+            .upstream_user_id()
+            .ok_or(GrokCredentialRepositoryError::InvalidCredentialData)?
+            .to_owned();
        let credential = DueGrokCredential {
            account_id: account_id.clone(),
            credential_revision,
+            access_token_expires_at: loaded.account.access_token_expires_at(),
            refresh_token: loaded.refresh_token,
            id_token: loaded.id_token,
            scope: loaded.scope,
-            subject: loaded.account.upstream_user_id().to_owned(),
+            subject,
            email: loaded.account.email().map(str::to_owned),
            upstream_account_id: loaded.account.upstream_account_id().map(str::to_owned),
            plan_type: loaded.account.plan_type().map(str::to_owned),
@@ -403,9 +444,13 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
        if refresh_token.is_empty() || refresh_token.len() > MAX_SECRET_BYTES {
            return Err(GrokCredentialRefreshError::InvalidRefreshResponse);
        }
-        let (access_token_expires_at, next_refresh_at) =
-            refreshed_deadlines(&account_id, tokens.expires_in, policy)
-                .ok_or(GrokCredentialRefreshError::InvalidRefreshResponse)?;
+        let access_token_expires_at = refreshed_access_token_expiry(tokens.expires_in)
+            .ok_or(GrokCredentialRefreshError::InvalidRefreshResponse)?;
+        let subject = loaded
+            .account
+            .upstream_user_id()
+            .ok_or(GrokCredentialRepositoryError::InvalidCredentialData)?
+            .to_owned();
        let prepared = GrokCredentialAdmin
            .prepare_rotation(&RotateManagedGrokCredential {
                current,
@@ -416,7 +461,7 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
                    scope: loaded.scope,
                },
                verified_account: GrokAccountProfile {
-                    subject: loaded.account.upstream_user_id().to_owned(),
+                    subject,
                    email: loaded.account.email().map(str::to_owned),
                    upstream_account_id: loaded.account.upstream_account_id().map(str::to_owned),
                    plan_type: loaded.account.plan_type().map(str::to_owned),
@@ -427,7 +472,6 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
                        loaded.refresh_token_expires_at
                    },
                },
-                next_refresh_at,
            })
            .map_err(GrokCredentialRefreshError::from)?;
        Ok(prepared.with_refresh_guards(capacity_guard, account_guard))
@@ -440,19 +484,14 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
        let policy = self.runtime_policy.load_refresh_policy().await?;
        let batch = self
            .repository
-            .list_due_refresh_batch_excluding(excluded_account_ids)
+            .list_due_refresh_batch_excluding(excluded_account_ids, policy)
            .await?;
        let mut outcomes = batch
            .failed_account_ids
            .into_iter()
            .map(|account_id| GrokCredentialRefreshOutcome::Failed { account_id })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let mut credentials = Vec::with_capacity(batch.credentials.len());
-        for credential in batch.credentials {
-            if !self.runtime_cooldown_active(&credential).await {
-                credentials.push(credential);
-            }
-        }
+        let credentials = batch.credentials;
        if credentials.is_empty() {
            return Ok(outcomes);
        }
@@ -474,7 +513,14 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
        for (account_id, result) in refreshed {
            match result {
                Ok(outcome) => outcomes.push(outcome),
-                Err(_) => outcomes.push(GrokCredentialRefreshOutcome::Failed { account_id }),
+                Err(error) => {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        account_id = %account_id,
+                        error = %error,
+                        "xAI OAuth refresh attempt failed"
+                    );
+                    outcomes.push(GrokCredentialRefreshOutcome::Failed { account_id });
+                }
            }
        }
        Ok(outcomes)
@@ -486,9 +532,10 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
        policy: ProviderRefreshPolicy,
    ) -> Result<GrokCredentialRefreshOutcome, GrokCredentialRefreshError> {
        let account_id = credential.account_id.clone();
+        let observed_at = SystemTime::now();
        if credential
            .refresh_token_expires_at
-            .is_some_and(|expires_at| expires_at <= Utc::now())
+            .is_some_and(|expires_at| expires_at <= DateTime::<Utc>::from(observed_at))
        {
            return self
                .persist_terminal_failure(
@@ -498,6 +545,15 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
                )
                .await;
        }
+        if refresh_recovery_window_exhausted(credential.access_token_expires_at, observed_at) {
+            return self
+                .persist_terminal_failure(
+                    credential,
+                    GrokCredentialAvailability::Expired,
+                    "refresh_recovery_window_exhausted",
+                )
+                .await;
+        }
        let capacity = self
            .leases
            .try_acquire(ProviderLeaseRequest::RefreshCapacity(
@@ -527,7 +583,7 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
        };

        match self.refresher.refresh(&credential.refresh_token).await {
-            Ok(tokens) => self.persist_success(credential, tokens, policy).await,
+            Ok(tokens) => self.persist_success(credential, tokens).await,
            Err(GrokRefreshFailure::InvalidGrant) => {
                self.persist_terminal_failure(
                    credential,
@@ -545,9 +601,14 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
                .await
            }
            Err(GrokRefreshFailure::Ambiguous) => {
-                self.record_runtime_cooldown(&credential, REFRESH_AMBIGUITY_COOLDOWN)
-                    .await;
-                Ok(GrokCredentialRefreshOutcome::Ambiguous { account_id })
+                if self
+                    .persist_backoff(&credential, "refresh-ambiguous")
+                    .await?
+                {
+                    Ok(GrokCredentialRefreshOutcome::Ambiguous { account_id })
+                } else {
+                    Ok(GrokCredentialRefreshOutcome::Stale { account_id })
+                }
            }
            Err(GrokRefreshFailure::Transient) => {
                if self
@@ -576,7 +637,6 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
        &self,
        credential: DueGrokCredential,
        tokens: GrokRefreshTokens,
-        policy: ProviderRefreshPolicy,
    ) -> Result<GrokCredentialRefreshOutcome, GrokCredentialRefreshError> {
        if tokens.access_token.is_empty() || tokens.access_token.len() > MAX_SECRET_BYTES {
            return Err(GrokCredentialRefreshError::InvalidRefreshResponse);
@@ -589,9 +649,8 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
            return Err(GrokCredentialRefreshError::InvalidRefreshResponse);
        }
        let account_id = credential.account_id.clone();
-        let (access_expires_at, next_refresh_at) =
-            refreshed_deadlines(&account_id, tokens.expires_in, policy)
-                .ok_or(GrokCredentialRefreshError::InvalidRefreshResponse)?;
+        let access_expires_at = refreshed_access_token_expiry(tokens.expires_in)
+            .ok_or(GrokCredentialRefreshError::InvalidRefreshResponse)?;
        let access_token = tokens.access_token.clone();
        let subject = credential.subject.clone();
        let email = credential.email.clone();
@@ -618,7 +677,6 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
                        credential.refresh_token_expires_at
                    },
                },
-                next_refresh_at,
            })
            .await
        {
@@ -644,35 +702,18 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
            .credential_state
            .clear_refresh_backoff(&account_id)
            .await;
+        tracing::info!(
+            account_id = %account_id,
+            credential_revision = record.credential_revision.get(),
+            access_token_expires_at = %access_expires_at,
+            "xAI OAuth refresh succeeded"
+        );
        Ok(GrokCredentialRefreshOutcome::Refreshed {
            account_id,
            credential_revision: record.credential_revision,
        })
    }

-    async fn runtime_cooldown_active(&self, credential: &DueGrokCredential) -> bool {
-        // runtime cooldown 是账号/model 级生命周期，与 credential revision 无关：
-        // 轮换不清除、不因 revision 变化判失效（与 selector 的读取语义一致）。
-        let Ok(Some(cooldown)) = self.cooldowns.read(credential.account_id()).await else {
-            return false;
-        };
-        cooldown.until() > SystemTime::now()
-    }
-
-    async fn record_runtime_cooldown(&self, credential: &DueGrokCredential, duration: Duration) {
-        let cooldown_until = SystemTime::now()
-            .checked_add(duration)
-            .unwrap_or_else(SystemTime::now);
-        let _ = self
-            .cooldowns
-            .put_if_later(ProviderCooldown::new(
-                credential.account_id.clone(),
-                credential.credential_revision,
-                cooldown_until,
-            ))
-            .await;
-    }
-
    async fn persist_terminal_failure(
        &self,
        credential: DueGrokCredential,
@@ -702,7 +743,19 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
            })
            .await
        {
-            Ok(()) => Ok(GrokCredentialRefreshOutcome::Invalidated { account_id }),
+            Ok(()) => {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    account_id = %account_id,
+                    ?availability,
+                    reason,
+                    access_token_expires_at = ?credential.access_token_expires_at
+                        .map(DateTime::<Utc>::from),
+                    recovery_deadline = ?refresh_recovery_deadline(credential.access_token_expires_at)
+                        .map(DateTime::<Utc>::from),
+                    "xAI OAuth refresh marked account terminal"
+                );
+                Ok(GrokCredentialRefreshOutcome::Invalidated { account_id })
+            }
            Err(error) if stale_repository_error(&error) => {
                Ok(GrokCredentialRefreshOutcome::Stale { account_id })
            }
@@ -720,12 +773,19 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
            .record_refresh_backoff(&credential.account_id, REFRESH_BACKOFF_WINDOW)
            .await
            .unwrap_or(1);
-        let retry_at = provider_refresh_backoff_at(
-            &credential.account_id,
-            SystemTime::now(),
-            attempt,
-            reason,
-        )?;
+        let observed_at = SystemTime::now();
+        let retry_at = if attempt <= REFRESH_BACKOFF_MAX_ATTEMPTS {
+            provider_refresh_backoff_at(&credential.account_id, observed_at, attempt, reason)?
+        } else {
+            provider_refresh_retry_at(
+                &credential.account_id,
+                observed_at,
+                REFRESH_RECOVERY_DELAY,
+                reason,
+            )?
+        };
+        let retry_at =
+            bounded_refresh_retry_at(retry_at, credential.access_token_expires_at, observed_at);
        match self
            .repository
            .defer_refresh(
@@ -735,7 +795,20 @@ impl GrokCredentialRefreshService {
            )
            .await
        {
-            Ok(()) => Ok(true),
+            Ok(()) => {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    account_id = %credential.account_id,
+                    attempt,
+                    reason,
+                    retry_at = %DateTime::<Utc>::from(retry_at),
+                    access_token_expires_at = ?credential.access_token_expires_at
+                        .map(DateTime::<Utc>::from),
+                    recovery_deadline = ?refresh_recovery_deadline(credential.access_token_expires_at)
+                        .map(DateTime::<Utc>::from),
+                    "xAI OAuth refresh deferred"
+                );
+                Ok(true)
+            }
            Err(error) if stale_repository_error(&error) => Ok(false),
            Err(error) => Err(error.into()),
        }
@@ -775,6 +848,7 @@ impl GrokCredentialRepository {
    async fn list_due_refresh_batch_excluding(
        &self,
        excluded_account_ids: &[ProviderAccountId],
+        policy: ProviderRefreshPolicy,
    ) -> Result<DueGrokRefreshBatch, GrokCredentialRepositoryError> {
        if excluded_account_ids.len() > MAX_REFRESH_EXCLUSIONS {
            return Err(GrokCredentialRepositoryError::InvalidInput(
@@ -790,12 +864,12 @@ impl GrokCredentialRepository {
            .list_all_accounts()
            .await?
            .into_iter()
-            .filter(|account| !excluded.contains(account.id()) && account_due(account, now))
+            .filter(|account| !excluded.contains(account.id()) && account_due(account, policy, now))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        accounts.sort_by_key(|account| {
            (
-                account.next_refresh_at(),
                account.access_token_expires_at(),
+                account.next_refresh_at(),
                account.id().clone(),
            )
        });
@@ -811,13 +885,18 @@ impl GrokCredentialRepository {
                    continue;
                }
            };
+            let Some(subject) = account.upstream_user_id() else {
+                failed_account_ids.push(account.id().clone());
+                continue;
+            };
            due.push(DueGrokCredential {
                account_id: account.id().clone(),
                credential_revision: account.revision(),
+                access_token_expires_at: account.access_token_expires_at(),
                refresh_token: loaded.refresh_token,
                id_token: loaded.id_token,
                scope: loaded.scope,
-                subject: account.upstream_user_id().to_owned(),
+                subject: subject.to_owned(),
                email: account.email().map(str::to_owned),
                upstream_account_id: account.upstream_account_id().map(str::to_owned),
                plan_type: account.plan_type().map(str::to_owned),
@@ -833,6 +912,7 @@ impl GrokCredentialRepository {

 fn account_due(
    account: &gateway_core::engine::credential::ProviderAccount,
+    policy: ProviderRefreshPolicy,
    now: SystemTime,
 ) -> bool {
    let availability = account.availability();
@@ -844,7 +924,19 @@ fn account_due(
                | AccountAvailability::Banned
                | AccountAvailability::Invalid
        )
-        && account.next_refresh_at().is_some_and(|next| next <= now)
+        && (refresh_recovery_window_exhausted(account.access_token_expires_at(), now)
+            || (access_token_refresh_due(account.access_token_expires_at(), policy, now)
+                && account
+                    .next_refresh_at()
+                    .is_none_or(|retry_at| retry_at <= now)))
+}
+
+fn access_token_refresh_due(
+    access_token_expires_at: Option<SystemTime>,
+    policy: ProviderRefreshPolicy,
+    now: SystemTime,
+) -> bool {
+    access_token_expires_at.is_some_and(|expires_at| policy.is_refresh_due(expires_at, now))
 }

 fn refreshed_tokens(tokens: RefreshedTokenSet) -> Result<GrokRefreshTokens, GrokRefreshFailure> {
@@ -878,22 +970,13 @@ fn classify_oauth_refresh_error(error: OAuthError) -> GrokRefreshFailure {
    }
 }

-fn refreshed_deadlines(
-    account_id: &ProviderAccountId,
-    expires_in: Duration,
-    policy: ProviderRefreshPolicy,
-) -> Option<(DateTime<Utc>, DateTime<Utc>)> {
+fn refreshed_access_token_expiry(expires_in: Duration) -> Option<DateTime<Utc>> {
    if expires_in.is_zero() {
        return None;
    }
    let expires = chrono::Duration::from_std(expires_in).ok()?;
    let observed_at = SystemTime::now();
-    let access_expires_at = DateTime::<Utc>::from(observed_at).checked_add_signed(expires)?;
-    let next_refresh_at = policy
-        .next_attempt_at(account_id, access_expires_at.into(), observed_at)
-        .ok()
-        .map(DateTime::<Utc>::from)?;
-    Some((access_expires_at, next_refresh_at))
+    DateTime::<Utc>::from(observed_at).checked_add_signed(expires)
 }

 fn stale_repository_error(error: &GrokCredentialRepositoryError) -> bool {
@@ -6,13 +6,12 @@ use std::time::SystemTime;

 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use gateway_core::engine::credential::{
-    AccountStateChange, CredentialCasOutcome, CredentialCasUpdate, CredentialRevision,
-    LoadedCredential, NewProviderAccount, OpaqueProviderData, PlaintextCredential, ProviderAccount,
-    ProviderAccountId, ProviderAccountStore, ProviderAccountUpdate, QuotaObservation,
-    QuotaWriteOutcome,
+    AccountAvailability, AccountStateChange, CredentialCasOutcome, CredentialCasUpdate,
+    CredentialRevision, LoadedCredential, NewProviderAccount, OpaqueProviderData,
+    PlaintextCredential, ProviderAccount, ProviderAccountId, ProviderAccountStore,
+    ProviderAccountUpdate, QuotaObservation, QuotaWriteOutcome,
 };
 use gateway_core::error::StoreErrorKind;
-use gateway_core::provider_ports::ProviderRefreshPolicy;
 use gateway_core::routing::ProviderKind;
 use serde_json::Value;
 use thiserror::Error;
@@ -158,7 +157,7 @@ impl GrokCredentialAdmin {
            input.account_id.clone(),
            provider,
            input.name.clone(),
-            input.account.subject.clone(),
+            Some(input.account.subject.clone()),
            XAI_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_OAUTH.to_owned(),
            revision,
            Some(to_system_time(input.account.access_token_expires_at)),
@@ -169,7 +168,7 @@ impl GrokCredentialAdmin {
            input.account.plan_type.clone(),
        )
        .with_runtime_state(input.enabled, input.initial_availability.into())
-        .with_refresh_schedule(true, Some(to_system_time(input.next_refresh_at)));
+        .with_refresh_schedule(true, None);
        Ok(NewProviderAccount {
            account,
            credential: encode_secret(&input.secret, &input.account)?,
@@ -180,7 +179,6 @@ impl GrokCredentialAdmin {
    pub fn prepare_verified_account(
        &self,
        input: &VerifiedGrokAccount,
-        policy: ProviderRefreshPolicy,
    ) -> Result<NewProviderAccount, GrokCredentialRepositoryError> {
        let expires_in = input
            .tokens
@@ -194,9 +192,6 @@ impl GrokCredentialAdmin {
        let access_token_expires_at = now
            .checked_add(expires_in)
            .ok_or(GrokCredentialRepositoryError::InvalidInput("expires_in"))?;
-        let next_refresh_at = policy
-            .next_attempt_at(&input.account_id, access_token_expires_at, now)
-            .map_err(|_| GrokCredentialRepositoryError::InvalidInput("next_refresh_at"))?;
        self.prepare_import(&CreateGrokCredential {
            account_id: input.account_id.clone(),
            name: input.name.clone(),
@@ -214,7 +209,6 @@ impl GrokCredentialAdmin {
                access_token_expires_at: access_token_expires_at.into(),
                refresh_token_expires_at: None,
            },
-            next_refresh_at: next_refresh_at.into(),
            enabled: input.enabled,
            initial_availability: GrokCredentialAvailability::Ready,
            initial_availability_reason: None,
@@ -308,7 +302,6 @@ impl GrokCredentialAdmin {
            account.revision(),
            &input.secret,
            &input.verified_account,
-            input.next_refresh_at,
        )
    }
 }
@@ -364,7 +357,6 @@ impl GrokCredentialRepository {
            input.expected_revision,
            &input.secret,
            &input.verified_account,
-            input.next_refresh_at,
        )?;
        let outcome = self
            .store
@@ -428,15 +420,21 @@ impl GrokCredentialRepository {
        &self,
        input: &UpdateGrokCredentialState,
    ) -> Result<(), GrokCredentialRepositoryError> {
-        validate_reason(input.availability_reason.as_deref())?;
+        let availability = AccountAvailability::from(input.availability);
+        let availability_reason = input
+            .availability_reason
+            .clone()
+            .filter(|value| !value.trim().is_empty())
+            .or_else(|| availability.fallback_error_reason().map(str::to_owned));
+        validate_reason(availability_reason.as_deref())?;
        self.ensure_xai_account(&input.account_id).await?;
        self.store
            .apply_state_change(AccountStateChange {
                account_id: input.account_id.clone(),
                expected_revision: input.expected_revision,
-                availability: input.availability.into(),
+                availability,
                observed_at: to_system_time(input.observed_at),
-                message: input.availability_reason.clone(),
+                message: availability_reason,
            })
            .await
            .map_err(map_store_error)
@@ -638,16 +636,14 @@ fn prepare_rotation(
    expected_revision: CredentialRevision,
    secret: &GrokOAuthSecret,
    verified_account: &GrokAccountProfile,
-    next_refresh_at: DateTime<Utc>,
 ) -> Result<PreparedGrokCredentialRotation, GrokCredentialRepositoryError> {
    validate_profile(verified_account)?;
-    validate_refresh_schedule(next_refresh_at, verified_account.access_token_expires_at)?;
    validate_secret(secret)?;
    ensure_xai(current)?;
    if current.revision() != expected_revision {
        return Err(GrokCredentialRepositoryError::StaleCredentialRevision);
    }
-    if current.upstream_user_id() != verified_account.subject
+    if current.upstream_user_id() != Some(verified_account.subject.as_str())
        || current.upstream_account_id() != verified_account.upstream_account_id.as_deref()
    {
        return Err(GrokCredentialRepositoryError::IdentityRebind);
@@ -675,7 +671,7 @@ fn prepare_rotation(
        encode_secret(&merged_secret, verified_account)?,
        true,
        Some(to_system_time(verified_account.access_token_expires_at)),
-        Some(to_system_time(next_refresh_at)),
+        None,
    )
    .map_err(|_| GrokCredentialRepositoryError::InvalidCredentialData)?;
    Ok(PreparedGrokCredentialRotation::new(profile, credential))
@@ -701,7 +697,6 @@ fn decode_secret(
 fn validate_create(input: &CreateGrokCredential) -> Result<(), GrokCredentialRepositoryError> {
    validate_name(&input.name)?;
    validate_profile(&input.account)?;
-    validate_refresh_schedule(input.next_refresh_at, input.account.access_token_expires_at)?;
    validate_secret(&input.secret)?;
    validate_reason(input.initial_availability_reason.as_deref())
 }
@@ -727,18 +722,6 @@ fn validate_profile(profile: &GrokAccountProfile) -> Result<(), GrokCredentialRe
    Ok(())
 }

-fn validate_refresh_schedule(
-    next_refresh_at: DateTime<Utc>,
-    access_token_expires_at: DateTime<Utc>,
-) -> Result<(), GrokCredentialRepositoryError> {
-    if next_refresh_at >= access_token_expires_at {
-        return Err(GrokCredentialRepositoryError::InvalidInput(
-            "next_refresh_at",
-        ));
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 fn validate_secret(secret: &GrokOAuthSecret) -> Result<(), GrokCredentialRepositoryError> {
    for value in [&secret.access_token, &secret.refresh_token] {
        let exposed = value.expose();
@@ -813,6 +796,7 @@ fn validate_reason(reason: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), GrokCredentialRepositoryE
 fn ensure_xai(account: &ProviderAccount) -> Result<(), GrokCredentialRepositoryError> {
    if account.provider().as_str() == XAI_PROVIDER_KIND
        && account.authentication_kind() == XAI_AUTHENTICATION_KIND_OAUTH
+        && account.upstream_user_id().is_some()
        && account.access_token_expires_at().is_some()
    {
        Ok(())
@@ -228,11 +228,15 @@ impl GrokAccountSessionSelector {
            }
            let binding = GrokSessionBinding::new(selected_id.as_str())
                .map_err(|_| GrokSessionSelectorError::InvalidSession)?;
+            let upstream_user_id = loaded
+                .account
+                .upstream_user_id()
+                .ok_or(GrokSessionSelectorError::InvalidSession)?;
            let session = SelectedGrokSession::new(
                selected_id,
                selected_revision,
                loaded.access_token,
-                SecretValue::new(loaded.account.upstream_user_id().to_owned()),
+                SecretValue::new(upstream_user_id),
                loaded
                    .account
                    .email()
@@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ pub struct CreateGrokCredential {
    pub name: String,
    pub secret: GrokOAuthSecret,
    pub account: GrokAccountProfile,
-    pub next_refresh_at: DateTime<Utc>,
    pub enabled: bool,
    pub initial_availability: GrokCredentialAvailability,
    pub initial_availability_reason: Option<String>,
@@ -111,7 +110,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for CreateGrokCredential {
            .field("name", &self.name)
            .field("secret", &"[REDACTED]")
            .field("account", &self.account)
-            .field("next_refresh_at", &self.next_refresh_at)
            .field("enabled", &self.enabled)
            .field("initial_availability", &self.initial_availability)
            .finish_non_exhaustive()
@@ -124,7 +122,6 @@ pub struct RotateGrokCredential {
    pub expected_revision: CredentialRevision,
    pub secret: GrokOAuthSecret,
    pub verified_account: GrokAccountProfile,
-    pub next_refresh_at: DateTime<Utc>,
 }

 /// App 已读取的当前账号与 xAI 已验证的新 OAuth 身份材料。
@@ -132,7 +129,6 @@ pub struct RotateManagedGrokCredential {
    pub current: LoadedCredential,
    pub secret: GrokOAuthSecret,
    pub verified_account: GrokAccountProfile,
-    pub next_refresh_at: DateTime<Utc>,
 }

 impl fmt::Debug for RotateManagedGrokCredential {
@@ -142,7 +138,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for RotateManagedGrokCredential {
            .field("current", &self.current)
            .field("secret", &"[REDACTED]")
            .field("verified_account", &self.verified_account)
-            .field("next_refresh_at", &self.next_refresh_at)
            .finish()
    }
 }
@@ -231,7 +226,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for RotateGrokCredential {
            .field("expected_revision", &self.expected_revision)
            .field("secret", &"[REDACTED]")
            .field("verified_account", &self.verified_account)
-            .field("next_refresh_at", &self.next_refresh_at)
            .finish()
    }
 }
@@ -171,7 +171,6 @@ pub async fn initialize(
        refresher,
        Arc::clone(&catalog),
        Arc::clone(&leases),
-        cooldowns.clone(),
        ports.credential_state(),
        Arc::clone(&runtime_policy),
    ));
@@ -199,7 +198,6 @@ pub async fn initialize(
            refresh: Arc::clone(&refresh),
            quota: Arc::clone(&quota),
            catalog: Arc::clone(&catalog),
-            runtime_policy,
            cooldowns: Arc::clone(&cooldowns),
        },
        cli_release_status,
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
ZyyandCodex	4127886584	chore: bump version to 3.1.21 Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-11 17:42:54 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	ee3e5db6c2	fix(accounts): isolate model-specific quota usage Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-11 17:42:02 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	153cb67b9c	refactor(login): refine panel details Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-11 17:21:31 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	f370d355b6	fix(accounts): align quota ordering and summaries Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-11 17:21:23 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	a31dad992c	fix(frontend): stabilize button loading indicator Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-11 17:21:16 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	55a88f5f6b	chore: bump version to 3.1.20 Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-11 15:13:40 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	5d90a92582	fix(logging): rename OAuth recovery log file Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-11 15:06:40 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	93abe8efcd	fix(logging): generalize OAuth recovery logs Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-11 14:55:59 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	f4b75c42ed	fix(openai): isolate quota and recovery signals Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-11 13:37:16 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	36ff038c78	chore: bump version to 3.1.19 Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-11 12:17:28 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	545009590c	fix(openai): persist authoritative quota exhaustion Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-11 12:16:34 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	5b7b9b21ee	fix(openai): require low usage for quota recovery Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-10 15:55:58 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	44a2a87b69	fix(frontend): center button loading spinner Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-10 15:55:58 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	184e88083b	chore: bump version to 3.1.18 Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-10 12:25:42 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	53b40aea46	chore(deps): ignore fingerprint-sensitive updates Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-10 12:23:45 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	aa328b6dbf	fix(openai): restore official TLS fingerprint pins Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-10 12:23:36 +08:00
dependabot[bot]andZyy	64231ff403	chore(deps): bump the minor-and-patch group in /backend with 4 updates (#37 ) Bumps the minor-and-patch group in /backend with 4 updates: [base64](https://github.com/marshallpierce/rust-base64), [aws-sdk-s3](https://github.com/awslabs/aws-sdk-rust), [hyper-rustls](https://github.com/rustls/hyper-rustls) and [rustls](https://github.com/rustls/rustls). Updates `base64` from 0.23.0 to 0.23.1 - [Changelog](https://github.com/marshallpierce/rust-base64/blob/master/RELEASE-NOTES.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/marshallpierce/rust-base64/compare/v0.23.0...v0.23.1) Updates `aws-sdk-s3` from 1.140.0 to 1.141.0 - [Release notes](https://github.com/awslabs/aws-sdk-rust/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/awslabs/aws-sdk-rust/commits) Updates `hyper-rustls` from 0.27.7 to 0.27.9 - [Release notes](https://github.com/rustls/hyper-rustls/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/rustls/hyper-rustls/compare/v/0.27.7...v/0.27.9) Updates `rustls` from 0.23.36 to 0.23.43 - [Release notes](https://github.com/rustls/rustls/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/rustls/rustls/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/rustls/rustls/compare/v/0.23.36...v/0.23.43) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: base64 dependency-version: 0.23.1 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor-and-patch - dependency-name: aws-sdk-s3 dependency-version: 1.141.0 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor dependency-group: minor-and-patch - dependency-name: hyper-rustls dependency-version: 0.27.9 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor-and-patch - dependency-name: rustls dependency-version: 0.23.43 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor-and-patch ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com> Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Zyy <39424122+zyycn@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-08-10 12:05:00 +08:00
dependabot[bot]andZyy	d7b80a2066	chore(deps): bump the minor-and-patch group with 5 updates (#36 ) Bumps the minor-and-patch group with 5 updates: \| Package \| From \| To \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| [github/codeql-action/upload-sarif](https://github.com/github/codeql-action) \| `4.37.4` \| `4.37.6` \| \| [Swatinem/rust-cache](https://github.com/swatinem/rust-cache) \| `2.9.1` \| `2.9.2` \| \| [pnpm/action-setup](https://github.com/pnpm/action-setup) \| `6.0.9` \| `6.0.10` \| \| [dorny/paths-filter](https://github.com/dorny/paths-filter) \| `4.0.2` \| `4.0.3` \| \| [actions/attest](https://github.com/actions/attest) \| `4.2.1` \| `4.2.2` \| Updates `github/codeql-action/upload-sarif` from 4.37.4 to 4.37.6 - [Release notes](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/compare/f205ea1c3313d32999d8d6a48b4f6530d4437b38...5595ccaf912efad79be6eef63a5619ff05969be3) Updates `Swatinem/rust-cache` from 2.9.1 to 2.9.2 - [Release notes](https://github.com/swatinem/rust-cache/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/Swatinem/rust-cache/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/swatinem/rust-cache/compare/c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4...6323deb102c322ba6fcbdcafc7e3dddab59af2b6) Updates `pnpm/action-setup` from 6.0.9 to 6.0.10 - [Release notes](https://github.com/pnpm/action-setup/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/pnpm/action-setup/compare/0ebf47130e4866e96fce0953f49152a61190b271...0977fd99725f1db4007ccb2928dbb4e90d06cc86) Updates `dorny/paths-filter` from 4.0.2 to 4.0.3 - [Release notes](https://github.com/dorny/paths-filter/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/dorny/paths-filter/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/dorny/paths-filter/compare/7b450fff21473bca461d4b92ce414b9d0420d706...ceb8a2b8f2d89434be7ff52d3de7ec3738c5cc9d) Updates `actions/attest` from 4.2.1 to 4.2.2 - [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/attest/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/actions/attest/blob/main/RELEASE.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/actions/attest/compare/508db95dd578ae2727ebd6217d5ba78e4fbda05d...1e69f48acb82d1966a394da916b4c1698aa569d6) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif dependency-version: 4.37.6 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor-and-patch - dependency-name: Swatinem/rust-cache dependency-version: 2.9.2 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor-and-patch - dependency-name: pnpm/action-setup dependency-version: 6.0.10 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor-and-patch - dependency-name: dorny/paths-filter dependency-version: 4.0.3 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor-and-patch - dependency-name: actions/attest dependency-version: 4.2.2 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor-and-patch ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com> Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Zyy <39424122+zyycn@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-08-10 12:01:38 +08:00
dependabot[bot]	08d63ea3f3	chore(deps): bump debian from `7b140f3` to `abd67ff` in /deploy (#39 ) Bumps debian from `7b140f3` to `abd67ff`. --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: debian dependency-version: bookworm-slim dependency-type: direct:production ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com> Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-08-10 11:58:47 +08:00
dependabot[bot]	ac9c4c85ad	chore(deps): bump the minor-and-patch group in /frontend with 8 updates (#38 ) Bumps the minor-and-patch group in /frontend with 8 updates: \| Package \| From \| To \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| [@lucide/vue](https://github.com/lucide-icons/lucide/tree/HEAD/packages/vue) \| `1.28.0` \| `1.30.0` \| \| [dompurify](https://github.com/cure53/DOMPurify) \| `3.4.12` \| `3.4.13` \| \| [marked](https://github.com/markedjs/marked) \| `18.0.7` \| `18.0.9` \| \| [vue](https://github.com/vuejs/core) \| `3.5.40` \| `3.5.41` \| \| [@antfu/eslint-config](https://github.com/antfu/eslint-config) \| `9.2.0` \| `9.3.0` \| \| [@types/node](https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/tree/HEAD/types/node) \| `26.1.2` \| `26.2.0` \| \| [eslint](https://github.com/eslint/eslint) \| `10.8.0` \| `10.8.1` \| \| [vite](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/tree/HEAD/packages/vite) \| `8.2.0` \| `8.2.1` \| Updates `@lucide/vue` from 1.28.0 to 1.30.0 - [Release notes](https://github.com/lucide-icons/lucide/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/lucide-icons/lucide/commits/1.30.0/packages/vue) Updates `dompurify` from 3.4.12 to 3.4.13 - [Release notes](https://github.com/cure53/DOMPurify/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/cure53/DOMPurify/compare/3.4.12...3.4.13) Updates `marked` from 18.0.7 to 18.0.9 - [Release notes](https://github.com/markedjs/marked/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/markedjs/marked/compare/v18.0.7...v18.0.9) Updates `vue` from 3.5.40 to 3.5.41 - [Release notes](https://github.com/vuejs/core/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/vuejs/core/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/vuejs/core/compare/v3.5.40...v3.5.41) Updates `@antfu/eslint-config` from 9.2.0 to 9.3.0 - [Release notes](https://github.com/antfu/eslint-config/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/antfu/eslint-config/compare/v9.2.0...v9.3.0) Updates `@types/node` from 26.1.2 to 26.2.0 - [Release notes](https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/commits/HEAD/types/node) Updates `eslint` from 10.8.0 to 10.8.1 - [Release notes](https://github.com/eslint/eslint/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/eslint/eslint/compare/v10.8.0...v10.8.1) Updates `vite` from 8.2.0 to 8.2.1 - [Release notes](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/main/packages/vite/CHANGELOG.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/commits/v8.2.1/packages/vite) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: "@lucide/vue" dependency-version: 1.30.0 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor dependency-group: minor-and-patch - dependency-name: dompurify dependency-version: 3.4.13 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor-and-patch - dependency-name: marked dependency-version: 18.0.9 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor-and-patch - dependency-name: vue dependency-version: 3.5.41 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor-and-patch - dependency-name: "@antfu/eslint-config" dependency-version: 9.3.0 dependency-type: direct:development update-type: version-update:semver-minor dependency-group: minor-and-patch - dependency-name: "@types/node" dependency-version: 26.2.0 dependency-type: direct:development update-type: version-update:semver-minor dependency-group: minor-and-patch - dependency-name: eslint dependency-version: 10.8.1 dependency-type: direct:development update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor-and-patch - dependency-name: vite dependency-version: 8.2.1 dependency-type: direct:development update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor-and-patch ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com> Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-08-10 11:54:36 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	492c401599	fix(openai): preserve state on quota auth failures Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com> Signed-off-by: Zyy <zyycn@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-08-10 11:46:19 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	a063258a40	chore: bump version to 3.1.17 Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-09 15:14:06 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	dc590f2b5f	fix: make OAuth refresh margin runtime-only Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-09 15:12:43 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	ca52e2bfd9	chore: bump version to 3.1.16 Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-09 11:59:08 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	43604e36dc	fix: correct first token timing Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-07 18:56:13 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	a4a997e351	fix: use lifetime dashboard card totals Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-07 18:56:13 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	73ca463924	feat: distinguish pro plan badges Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-07 18:56:13 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	9eeec2c78c	chore: bump version to 3.1.15 Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-07 15:15:00 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	90890be2b4	fix(openai): persist OAuth tokens before quota sync Align OAuth token persistence and ID token metadata handling with Codex, and retry initial quota observation asynchronously. Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-07 14:59:42 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	2e4bab17a8	chore: bump version to 3.1.14 Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-06 16:01:07 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	b052e79a16	fix(openai): preserve imported token expiry Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-06 15:49:42 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	9775451e83	fix(web): preserve button labels while loading Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-06 15:27:00 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	c22a2ad144	test(logging): move recovery filter coverage Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-06 15:14:26 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	7bd362d544	chore: bump version to 3.1.13 Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-06 14:56:08 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	e7036a616f	fix(web): center button loading indicators Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-06 14:53:53 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	98652d4c68	fix(openai): write oauth recovery to app logs Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-06 14:22:13 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	d0dc7ef92b	fix(openai): complete import profile from access token Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-06 12:31:13 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	194fb20d5f	chore: bump version to 3.1.12 Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-06 11:14:32 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	30f528f084	fix(openai): simplify import and oauth validation Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-06 11:14:18 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	28d024ceda	chore: bump version to 3.1.11 Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-06 09:54:05 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	6b9c98c59f	fix(openai): persist successful refresh tokens directly Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-06 09:50:03 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	1294e50b76	chore: bump version to 3.1.10 Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-05 12:22:46 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	a0e540642b	fix(oauth): bound refresh recovery and persist failure reasons Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-05 12:21:16 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	14d6a7de31	fix(dashboard): align summary with daily trend Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-05 10:46:14 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	cd7b60a3ba	chore: bump version to 3.1.9 Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-05 00:03:39 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	ebbed22f36	fix(openai): keep Codex wire OS exact Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-05 00:03:21 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	f6e5d8f673	fix(openai): drop null secondary quota windows Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-05 00:03:11 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	bf1c6211b8	chore: bump version to 3.1.8 Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-04 22:30:40 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	d388fa344a	fix(openai): drop placeholder secondary quota windows Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-04 22:30:04 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	eabb61b08c	fix(openai): restore Codex Core app-server identity Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-04 22:30:01 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	a5c3438927	fix(openai): isolate thread-spawn session affinity Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-04 22:29:53 +08:00
ZyyandCodex	b6948542bb	fix: align Codex Desktop HTTP identity - send the official Desktop HTTP user agent across OpenAI upstream paths - keep the audited model catalog version separate from the wire identity - remove CLI release drift and clarify the dashboard client identity Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>	2026-08-04 18:36:03 +08:00