fix(remote): forward create index replace flag (#4115 )

Remote create-index requests already expose `replace` on the builder, but the remote client did not consistently forward an explicit `replace=false` over REST. That meant create-only intent could be lost before it reached a remote server, even though local builders and Python APIs can express it. This PR forwards `replace=false` on the existing `create_index` endpoint and keeps the current default behavior unchanged for compatibility. This was accomplished with the following changes: - Serialize `replace: false` into the existing remote create-index request body when the builder is configured with `.replace(false)`. - Forward `replace` through the synchronous Python remote `create_index` wrapper so `RemoteTable.create_index(..., replace=False)` reaches the repaired path. - Continue omitting `replace` for the default path so existing remote create-index requests keep their current semantics. - Document `name` and `replace` on the existing OpenAPI create-index request schema. - Add coverage that verifies the remote client uses the existing `/create_index/` route and forwards `replace=false`, including the synchronous Python unified API. ### Testing - `cargo fmt --all --check` - `cargo test -p lancedb --features remote test_create_index_forwards_replace_false_on_existing_route --locked` - `uv tool run maturin develop --extras tests,dev,embeddings` - `uv run --frozen pytest python/tests/test_remote_db.py::test_remote_create_index_new_api` - `uv run ruff format --check python/lancedb/remote/table.py python/tests/test_remote_db.py` - `cargo build -p lancedb --features remote --locked` - `cargo clippy -p lancedb --features remote --all-targets --locked -- -D warnings`
chore: update lance dependency to v12.0.0-beta.9 (#4116 )
2026-09-01 19:18:38 +00:00 · 2026-09-01 11:54:53 -07:00 · 2026-09-02 00:25:27 +08:00 · 2026-09-01 23:51:08 +08:00 · 2026-09-01 23:50:57 +08:00
17 changed files with 862 additions and 103 deletions
@@ -3455,8 +3455,8 @@ checksum = "42703706b716c37f96a77aea830392ad231f44c9e9a67872fa5548707e11b11c"

 [[package]]
 name = "fsst"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "rand 0.9.5",
@@ -4815,8 +4815,8 @@ checksum = "e037a2e1d8d5fdbd49b16a4ea09d5d6401c1f29eca5ff29d03d3824dba16256a"

 [[package]]
 name = "lance"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arc-swap",
 "arrow",
@@ -4888,8 +4888,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-arrow"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-buffer",
@@ -4911,7 +4911,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-arrow-scalar"
 version = "58.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-buffer",
@@ -4925,7 +4925,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "lance-arrow-stats"
 version = "58.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-schema",
@@ -4934,8 +4934,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-bitpacking"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrayref",
 "crunchy",
@@ -4945,8 +4945,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-core"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-buffer",
@@ -4983,8 +4983,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-datafusion"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow",
 "arrow-array",
@@ -5014,8 +5014,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-datagen"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow",
 "arrow-array",
@@ -5032,8 +5032,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-derive"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
@@ -5042,8 +5042,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-encoding"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-arith",
 "arrow-array",
@@ -5076,8 +5076,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-file"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-arith",
 "arrow-array",
@@ -5108,8 +5108,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-index"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arc-swap",
 "arrow",
@@ -5173,8 +5173,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-index-core"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-schema",
@@ -5196,8 +5196,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-io"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow",
 "arrow-array",
@@ -5237,8 +5237,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-linalg"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-schema",
@@ -5252,8 +5252,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-namespace"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow",
 "async-trait",
@@ -5265,8 +5265,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-namespace-impls"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow",
 "arrow-ipc",
@@ -5319,8 +5319,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-select"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-buffer",
@@ -5334,8 +5334,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-table"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow",
 "arrow-array",
@@ -5375,8 +5375,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-testing"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "arrow-array",
 "arrow-schema",
@@ -5389,8 +5389,8 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "lance-tokenizer"
-version = "12.0.0-beta.8"
-source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.8#4bcecd313e607713a62625d9d7c231fd70043d14"
+version = "12.0.0-beta.9"
+source = "git+https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git?tag=v12.0.0-beta.9#6f93e3fe389f5a661a02aff00c14df6be7bf0505"
 dependencies = [
 "frostem",
 "icu_segmenter",
@@ -13,20 +13,20 @@ categories = ["database-implementations"]
 rust-version = "1.91.0"

 [workspace.dependencies]
-lance = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.8", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.8", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-core = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.8", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.8", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-datagen = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.8", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.8", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-file = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.8", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.8", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-io = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.8", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.8", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-index = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.8", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.8", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-linalg = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.8", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.8", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-namespace = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.8", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.8", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-namespace-impls = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.8", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.8", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-table = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.8", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.8", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-testing = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.8", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.8", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.8", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.8", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-encoding = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.8", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.8", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
-lance-arrow = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.8", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.8", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.9", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.9", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-core = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.9", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.9", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-datagen = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.9", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.9", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-file = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.9", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.9", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-io = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.9", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.9", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-index = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.9", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.9", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-linalg = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.9", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.9", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.9", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.9", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-namespace-impls = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.9", default-features = false, "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.9", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-table = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.9", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.9", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-testing = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.9", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.9", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.9", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.9", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-encoding = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.9", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.9", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
+lance-arrow = { "version" = "=12.0.0-beta.9", "tag" = "v12.0.0-beta.9", "git" = "https://github.com/lance-format/lance.git" }
 lancedb = { path = "rust/lancedb", default-features = false }
 ahash = "0.8"
 # Note that this one does not include pyarrow
@@ -446,6 +446,15 @@ paths:
              properties:
                column:
                  type: string
+                name:
+                  type: string
+                  description: Optional name for the created index.
+                replace:
+                  type: boolean
+                  default: true
+                  description: |
+                    Whether to replace an existing index with the same resolved
+                    name. Defaults to true.
                metric_type:
                  type: string
                  nullable: false
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <arrow.version>15.0.0</arrow.version>
-        <lance-core.version>12.0.0-beta.8</lance-core.version>
+        <lance-core.version>12.0.0-beta.9</lance-core.version>
        <spotless.skip>false</spotless.skip>
        <spotless.version>2.30.0</spotless.version>
        <spotless.java.googlejavaformat.version>1.7</spotless.java.googlejavaformat.version>
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ class Connection(object):
    def job(self, job_id: str) -> Job: ...
    async def create_function_async(self, request_json: str) -> Job: ...
    async def get_function(self, name: str, version: str) -> str: ...
+    async def list_functions(self) -> List[str]: ...
    async def drop_function(self, name: str, version: str) -> bool: ...
    async def list_jobs(self) -> List[JobInfo]: ...
    async def get_job(self, job_id: str) -> Optional[JobDescription]: ...
@@ -712,6 +712,24 @@ class DBConnection(EnforceOverrides):
            "Function catalog operations are not supported for this connection type"
        )

+    def list_functions(self) -> List[FunctionVersion]:
+        """List every published immutable Function version.
+
+        Results are ordered by Function name then version. Local connections
+        raise ``NotImplementedError``.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        List the identities available to use in Function-backed columns:
+
+        ```python
+        [(function.name, function.version) for function in db.list_functions()]
+        ```
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Function catalog operations are not supported for this connection type"
+        )
+
    def drop_function(self, name: str, *, version: str) -> bool:
        """Drop one exact immutable Function version from the remote catalog.

@@ -1423,6 +1441,10 @@ class LanceDBConnection(DBConnection):
    def get_function(self, name: str, *, version: str) -> FunctionVersion:
        return LOOP.run(self._conn.get_function(name, version=version))

+    @override
+    def list_functions(self) -> List[FunctionVersion]:
+        return LOOP.run(self._conn.list_functions())
+
    @override
    def drop_function(self, name: str, *, version: str) -> bool:
        return LOOP.run(self._conn.drop_function(name, version=version))
@@ -2257,6 +2279,17 @@ class AsyncConnection(object):
        """Open one exact immutable Function version from the remote catalog."""
        return FunctionVersion.from_json(await self._inner.get_function(name, version))

+    async def list_functions(self) -> List[FunctionVersion]:
+        """List every published immutable Function version.
+
+        Results are ordered by Function name then version. Local connections
+        raise ``NotImplementedError``.
+        """
+        return [
+            FunctionVersion.from_json(value)
+            for value in await self._inner.list_functions()
+        ]
+
    async def drop_function(self, name: str, *, version: str) -> bool:
        """Drop one exact immutable Function version from the remote catalog."""
        return await self._inner.drop_function(name, version)
@@ -521,6 +521,12 @@ class RefreshColumnResult(_RemoteValue):

 _FUNCTION_NAME = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_.-]*$")
 _FUNCTION_BLOB_V2_TYPE = "blob_v2"
+_ARROW_EXTENSION_NAME_KEY = "ARROW:extension:name"
+_BLOB_V2_EXTENSION_NAME = "lance.blob.v2"
+_NESTED_BLOB_COLLECTION_ERROR = (
+    "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: Blob v2 fields nested under "
+    "collection types are not supported"
+)


 _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES = (
@@ -591,6 +597,19 @@ def _validate_exact_arrow_field(field: pa.Field) -> None:
                "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: lance.blob.v2 "
                f"requires a supported Blob storage layout, got {field}"
            )
+        metadata = {
+            (key.decode() if isinstance(key, bytes) else key): (
+                value.decode() if isinstance(value, bytes) else value
+            )
+            for key, value in (field.metadata or {}).items()
+        }
+        if metadata and metadata != {
+            _ARROW_EXTENSION_NAME_KEY: _BLOB_V2_EXTENSION_NAME
+        }:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: lance.blob.v2 "
+                "field metadata must contain only its canonical extension marker"
+            )
    elif field.metadata:
        raise TypeError(
            "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: field metadata "
@@ -655,23 +674,84 @@ def _canonical_arrow_field(field: pa.Field) -> str:
    return _canonical_arrow_type(field.type)


-def _exact_arrow_field(field: pa.Field) -> dict[str, Any]:
+def _blob_storage_type(field: pa.Field) -> pa.DataType:
+    data_type = field.type
+    if isinstance(data_type, pa.ExtensionType):
+        return data_type.storage_type
+    return data_type
+
+
+def _exact_blob_storage_type(field: pa.Field) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    storage = _blob_storage_type(field)
+    if not pa.types.is_struct(storage):
+        raise TypeError(
+            "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: lance.blob.v2 "
+            "requires struct storage"
+        )
+    return {
+        "type": "struct",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": child.name,
+                "nullable": child.nullable,
+                "type": (
+                    {"type": "large_binary"}
+                    if pa.types.is_large_binary(child.type)
+                    else _exact_arrow_type(child.type)
+                ),
+            }
+            for child in storage
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+def _data_type_has_blob_v2(data_type: pa.DataType) -> bool:
+    if pa.types.is_struct(data_type):
+        return any(
+            _is_blob_v2_field(field) or _data_type_has_blob_v2(field.type)
+            for field in data_type
+        )
+    if (
+        pa.types.is_list(data_type)
+        or pa.types.is_large_list(data_type)
+        or pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(data_type)
+    ):
+        field = data_type.value_field
+        return _is_blob_v2_field(field) or _data_type_has_blob_v2(field.type)
+    if pa.types.is_map(data_type):
+        return any(
+            _is_blob_v2_field(field) or _data_type_has_blob_v2(field.type)
+            for field in (data_type.key_field, data_type.item_field)
+        )
+    return False
+
+
+def _exact_arrow_field(
+    field: pa.Field, *, inside_collection: bool = False
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
    _validate_exact_arrow_field(field)
    if _is_blob_v2_field(field):
-        raise TypeError(
-            "unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: nested Blob v2 "
-            "fields are not supported; declare Blob parameters or named result "
-            "fields directly"
-        )
+        if inside_collection:
+            raise TypeError(_NESTED_BLOB_COLLECTION_ERROR)
+        return {
+            "name": field.name,
+            "nullable": field.nullable,
+            "type": _exact_blob_storage_type(field),
+            "metadata": {
+                _ARROW_EXTENSION_NAME_KEY: _BLOB_V2_EXTENSION_NAME,
+            },
+        }
    value = {
        "name": field.name,
        "nullable": field.nullable,
-        "type": _exact_arrow_type(field.type),
+        "type": _exact_arrow_type(field.type, inside_collection=inside_collection),
    }
    return value


-def _exact_arrow_type(data_type: pa.DataType) -> dict[str, Any]:
+def _exact_arrow_type(
+    data_type: pa.DataType, *, inside_collection: bool = False
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
    for candidate, name in _GRAMMAR_PRIMITIVES:
        if data_type == candidate:
            return {"type": name}
@@ -685,7 +765,10 @@ def _exact_arrow_type(data_type: pa.DataType) -> dict[str, Any]:
            )
        return {
            "type": "struct",
-            "fields": [_exact_arrow_field(field) for field in fields],
+            "fields": [
+                _exact_arrow_field(field, inside_collection=inside_collection)
+                for field in fields
+            ],
        }
    if (
        pa.types.is_list(data_type)
@@ -710,11 +793,15 @@ def _exact_arrow_type(data_type: pa.DataType) -> dict[str, Any]:
                if pa.types.is_large_list(data_type)
                else "fixed_size_list"
            ),
-            "fields": [_exact_arrow_field(data_type.value_field)],
+            "fields": [
+                _exact_arrow_field(data_type.value_field, inside_collection=True)
+            ],
        }
        if pa.types.is_fixed_size_list(data_type):
            value["length"] = data_type.list_size
        return value
+    if pa.types.is_map(data_type) and _data_type_has_blob_v2(data_type):
+        raise TypeError(_NESTED_BLOB_COLLECTION_ERROR)
    raise TypeError(f"unsupported Arrow type for Function signature: {data_type}")


@@ -749,6 +749,10 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
    def get_function(self, name: str, *, version: str) -> FunctionVersion:
        return LOOP.run(self._conn.get_function(name, version=version))

+    @override
+    def list_functions(self) -> List[FunctionVersion]:
+        return LOOP.run(self._conn.list_functions())
+
    @override
    def drop_function(self, name: str, *, version: str) -> bool:
        return LOOP.run(self._conn.drop_function(name, version=version))
@@ -548,6 +548,7 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
        LOOP.run(
            self._table.create_index(
                column,
+                replace=replace,
                config=config,
                wait_timeout=wait_timeout,
                name=name,
@@ -668,6 +668,167 @@ def test_blob_fields_use_the_scalar_function_semantic_type():
    assert signature.output.arrow_type == "blob_v2"


+def test_whole_named_struct_function_can_include_a_blob_result_field():
+    @udf(
+        input_schema=pa.schema([lancedb.blob("image", nullable=False)]),
+        output_schema=pa.field(
+            "payload",
+            pa.struct(
+                [
+                    pa.field("mime_type", pa.string(), nullable=False),
+                    lancedb.blob("image", nullable=False),
+                ]
+            ),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+    )
+    def inspect_blob(image):
+        return {"mime_type": "image/png", "image": image}
+
+    output = inspect_blob.registration_request.signature.output
+    assert output.kind == "named_struct"
+    assert [(field.name, field.arrow_type) for field in output.fields] == [
+        ("mime_type", "utf8"),
+        ("image", "blob_v2"),
+    ]
+
+
+def test_struct_blob_signature_fields_preserve_exact_metadata_and_nullability():
+    nested_input = pa.field(
+        "payload",
+        pa.struct(
+            [
+                pa.field("mime_type", pa.string(), nullable=False),
+                pa.field(
+                    "nested",
+                    pa.struct([lancedb.blob("image", nullable=True)]),
+                    nullable=True,
+                ),
+            ]
+        ),
+        nullable=True,
+    )
+    nested_output = pa.field(
+        "result",
+        pa.struct(
+            [
+                pa.field("mime_type", pa.string(), nullable=False),
+                pa.field(
+                    "nested",
+                    pa.struct([lancedb.blob("image", nullable=True)]),
+                    nullable=False,
+                ),
+            ]
+        ),
+        nullable=False,
+    )
+
+    @udf(input_schema=pa.schema([nested_input]), output_schema=nested_output)
+    def copy_payload(payload):
+        return payload
+
+    signature = copy_payload.registration_request.signature
+    input_type = json.loads(signature.inputs[0].arrow_type)
+    assert input_type["fields"][1]["nullable"] is True
+    input_blob = input_type["fields"][1]["type"]["fields"][0]
+    assert input_blob["nullable"] is True
+    assert input_blob["metadata"] == {"ARROW:extension:name": "lance.blob.v2"}
+
+    assert signature.output.kind == "named_struct"
+    nested_result = next(
+        field for field in signature.output.fields if field.name == "nested"
+    )
+    output_type = json.loads(nested_result.arrow_type)
+    output_blob = output_type["fields"][0]
+    assert output_blob["nullable"] is True
+    assert output_blob["metadata"] == {"ARROW:extension:name": "lance.blob.v2"}
+
+
+def test_struct_blob_signature_supports_multiple_struct_levels():
+    recursive = pa.field(
+        "value",
+        pa.struct(
+            [
+                pa.field(
+                    "level_1",
+                    pa.struct(
+                        [
+                            pa.field(
+                                "level_2",
+                                pa.struct([lancedb.blob("image", nullable=False)]),
+                                nullable=False,
+                            )
+                        ]
+                    ),
+                    nullable=False,
+                )
+            ]
+        ),
+        nullable=False,
+    )
+
+    @udf(
+        input_schema=pa.schema([recursive]),
+        output_schema=pa.field("size", pa.int64(), nullable=False),
+    )
+    def blob_size(value):
+        return len(value["level_1"]["level_2"]["image"])
+
+    encoded = json.loads(blob_size.registration_request.signature.inputs[0].arrow_type)
+    blob = encoded["fields"][0]["type"]["fields"][0]["type"]["fields"][0]
+    assert blob["metadata"]["ARROW:extension:name"] == "lance.blob.v2"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "data_type",
+    [
+        pa.list_(lancedb.blob("item", nullable=False)),
+        pa.large_list(lancedb.blob("item", nullable=False)),
+        pa.list_(lancedb.blob("item", nullable=False), 2),
+        pa.map_(pa.string(), lancedb.blob("value", nullable=False).type),
+    ],
+)
+def test_blob_signature_rejects_collection_ancestors(data_type):
+    with pytest.raises(
+        TypeError,
+        match="Blob v2 fields nested under collection types are not supported",
+    ):
+
+        @udf(
+            input_schema=pa.schema([pa.field("value", data_type, nullable=False)]),
+            output_schema=pa.field("size", pa.int64(), nullable=False),
+        )
+        def blob_size(value):
+            return len(value)
+
+
+def test_blob_signature_rejects_collection_below_a_struct():
+    nested = pa.field(
+        "value",
+        pa.struct(
+            [
+                pa.field(
+                    "images",
+                    pa.list_(lancedb.blob("item", nullable=False)),
+                    nullable=False,
+                )
+            ]
+        ),
+        nullable=False,
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(
+        TypeError,
+        match="Blob v2 fields nested under collection types are not supported",
+    ):
+
+        @udf(
+            input_schema=pa.schema([nested]),
+            output_schema=pa.field("size", pa.int64(), nullable=False),
+        )
+        def blob_size(value):
+            return len(value["images"])
+
+
 def test_named_struct_function_can_include_a_blob_result_field():
    @udf(
        input_schema=pa.schema([lancedb.blob("image", nullable=False)]),
@@ -729,22 +890,6 @@ def test_blob_marker_rejects_invalid_storage_layout():
            return len(image)


-def test_nested_blob_signature_field_has_a_clear_error():
-    nested = pa.field(
-        "value",
-        pa.struct([lancedb.blob("image", nullable=False)]),
-        nullable=False,
-    )
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="nested Blob v2 fields are not supported"):
-
-        @udf(
-            input_schema=pa.schema([nested]),
-            output_schema=pa.field("size", pa.int64(), nullable=False),
-        )
-        def blob_size(value):
-            return len(value["image"])
-
-
 def test_nested_non_blob_extension_is_not_silently_unwrapped():
    class TestExtension(pa.ExtensionType):
        def __init__(self):
@@ -1017,6 +1162,8 @@ def test_local_function_catalog_operations_are_not_supported(tmp_path):
        db.create_function_async(normalize_score)
    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=message):
        db.get_function("normalize_score", version="fv_exact")
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=message):
+        db.list_functions()
    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=message):
        db.drop_function("normalize_score", version="fv_exact")

@@ -1064,6 +1211,22 @@ def _mock_remote_function_catalog():
                    "version": "fv_exact",
                }
                response = state["version"]
+            elif self.path == "/v1/functions/list":
+                assert body["include_definition"] is True
+                if "page_token" not in body:
+                    response = {
+                        "functions": [
+                            {
+                                "name": "normalize_score",
+                                "version": "fv_exact",
+                                "definition": state["version"],
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "page_token": "next",
+                    }
+                else:
+                    assert body["page_token"] == "next"
+                    response = {"functions": []}
            elif self.path == "/v1/functions/drop":
                assert body == {
                    "name": "normalize_score",
@@ -1130,6 +1293,49 @@ def test_blocking_remote_registration_returns_function_version():
    ]


+def test_remote_list_functions_paginates_and_returns_typed_versions():
+    with _mock_remote_function_catalog() as (host, state):
+        db = lancedb.connect(
+            "db://dev",
+            api_key="fake",
+            host_override=host,
+            client_config={"retry_config": {"retries": 0}},
+        )
+        created = db.create_function(normalize_score)
+        state["requests"].clear()
+        functions = db.list_functions()
+
+    assert functions == [created]
+    assert state["requests"] == [
+        ("/v1/functions/list", {"include_definition": True}),
+        (
+            "/v1/functions/list",
+            {"include_definition": True, "page_token": "next"},
+        ),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_remote_list_functions_returns_typed_versions():
+    with _mock_remote_function_catalog() as (host, state):
+        db = await lancedb.connect_async(
+            "db://dev",
+            api_key="fake",
+            host_override=host,
+            client_config={"retry_config": {"retries": 0}},
+        )
+        registration = await db.create_function_async(normalize_score)
+        created = await registration.wait()
+        state["requests"].clear()
+        functions = await db.list_functions()
+
+    assert functions == [created]
+    assert [path for path, _ in state["requests"]] == [
+        "/v1/functions/list",
+        "/v1/functions/list",
+    ]
+
+
 def test_remote_drop_function_sends_exact_version():
    with _mock_remote_function_catalog() as (host, state):
        db = lancedb.connect(
@@ -820,11 +820,13 @@ def test_table_create_indices():
        scalar_req = received_requests[0]
        assert "name" in scalar_req
        assert scalar_req["name"] == "custom_scalar_idx"
+        assert scalar_req["replace"] is False

        # Check FTS index request has custom name
        fts_req = received_requests[1]
        assert "name" in fts_req
        assert fts_req["name"] == "custom_fts_idx"
+        assert fts_req["replace"] is False
        assert fts_req["block_size"] == 256
        assert fts_req["custom_stop_words"] == ["cloud"]

@@ -832,6 +834,7 @@ def test_table_create_indices():
        vector_req = received_requests[2]
        assert "name" in vector_req
        assert vector_req["name"] == "custom_vector_idx"
+        assert "replace" not in vector_req

        table.wait_for_index(["custom_scalar_idx"], timedelta(seconds=2))
        table.wait_for_index(
@@ -1104,6 +1107,9 @@ def test_remote_create_index_new_api():
            table.create_index("text", config=FTS(block_size=256))
            # IvfRq via new API
            table.create_index("vector", config=IvfRq(distance_type="l2"))
+            table.create_index(
+                "vector", config=IvfPq(distance_type="l2"), replace=False
+            )

        # Legacy index_type="IVF_RQ" routes to IvfRq config under the hood.
        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="create_index"):
@@ -1113,15 +1119,17 @@ def test_remote_create_index_new_api():
                num_partitions=8,
            )

-        assert len(received_requests) == 5
+        assert len(received_requests) == 6
        assert [req["column"] for req in received_requests] == [
            "vector",
            "category",
            "text",
            "vector",
            "vector",
+            "vector",
        ]
        assert received_requests[2]["block_size"] == 256
+        assert received_requests[4]["replace"] is False


 def test_table_wait_for_index_timeout():
@@ -629,6 +629,19 @@ impl Connection {
        })
    }

+    pub fn list_functions(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
+        let inner = self_.get_inner()?.clone();
+        future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {
+            inner
+                .list_functions()
+                .await
+                .infer_error()?
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|function| function.to_canonical_json().infer_error())
+                .collect::<PyResult<Vec<_>>>()
+        })
+    }
+
    pub fn drop_function(
        self_: PyRef<'_, Self>,
        name: String,
@@ -523,6 +523,28 @@ impl Connection {
            .await
    }

+    /// List every published immutable Function version in the remote catalog.
+    ///
+    /// Results are ordered by Function name then version. The client walks all
+    /// server pages before returning. Local databases return
+    /// [`Error::NotSupported`].
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// # async fn list_functions(
+    /// #     connection: &lancedb::Connection,
+    /// # ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    /// for function in connection.list_functions().await? {
+    ///     println!("{} {}", function.name(), function.version());
+    /// }
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub async fn list_functions(&self) -> Result<Vec<crate::function::FunctionVersion>> {
+        self.internal.list_functions().await
+    }
+
    /// Drop one exact immutable Function version from the remote catalog.
    ///
    /// Returns `true` when the server appended a Dropped transition and
@@ -307,6 +307,10 @@ pub trait Database:
    ) -> Result<crate::function::FunctionVersion> {
        function_catalog_not_supported()
    }
+    /// List every published immutable Function version in the remote catalog.
+    async fn list_functions(&self) -> Result<Vec<crate::function::FunctionVersion>> {
+        function_catalog_not_supported()
+    }
    /// Drop one exact immutable Function version from the remote catalog.
    async fn drop_function(&self, _name: &str, _version: &str) -> Result<bool> {
        function_catalog_not_supported()
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors

-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::sync::Arc;

 use async_trait::async_trait;
@@ -533,6 +533,19 @@ struct RemoteListJobsResponse {
    page_token: Option<String>,
 }

+#[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
+struct RemoteListedFunctionVersion {
+    definition: FunctionVersion,
+}
+
+#[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
+struct RemoteListFunctionsResponse {
+    #[serde(default)]
+    functions: Vec<RemoteListedFunctionVersion>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    page_token: Option<String>,
+}
+
 #[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
 struct RemoteDropFunctionResponse {
    dropped: bool,
@@ -588,6 +601,43 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> Database for RemoteDatabase<S> {
        response.json().await.err_to_http(request_id)
    }

+    async fn list_functions(&self) -> Result<Vec<FunctionVersion>> {
+        let mut functions = Vec::new();
+        let mut page_token: Option<String> = None;
+        let mut seen_page_tokens = HashSet::new();
+        loop {
+            let mut body = serde_json::json!({ "include_definition": true });
+            if let Some(token) = &page_token {
+                body["page_token"] = serde_json::Value::String(token.clone());
+            }
+            let req = self.client.post("/v1/functions/list").json(&body);
+            let (request_id, response) = self.client.send(req).await?;
+            let response = self.client.check_response(&request_id, response).await?;
+            let status = response.status();
+            let response: RemoteListFunctionsResponse =
+                response.json().await.err_to_http(request_id.clone())?;
+            functions.extend(
+                response
+                    .functions
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|listed| listed.definition),
+            );
+            let Some(next_page_token) = response.page_token.filter(|token| !token.is_empty())
+            else {
+                break;
+            };
+            if !seen_page_tokens.insert(next_page_token.clone()) {
+                return Err(Error::Http {
+                    source: "Function listing response repeated a page_token".into(),
+                    request_id,
+                    status_code: Some(status),
+                });
+            }
+            page_token = Some(next_page_token);
+        }
+        Ok(functions)
+    }
+
    async fn drop_function(&self, name: &str, version: &str) -> Result<bool> {
        let req = self
            .client
@@ -2708,6 +2758,119 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(version.version(), "fv_01K3EXACT");
    }

+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_list_functions_requests_definitions_and_paginates() {
+        const VERSION: &str = include_str!(
+            "../../tests/fixtures/first_class_functions/v1/remote_function_version.canonical.json"
+        );
+        let version: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(VERSION).unwrap();
+        let page = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+        let conn = Connection::new_with_handler(move |request| {
+            assert_eq!(request.method(), &reqwest::Method::POST);
+            assert_eq!(request.url().path(), "/v1/functions/list");
+            let body: serde_json::Value =
+                serde_json::from_slice(request.body().unwrap().as_bytes().unwrap()).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(body["include_definition"], true);
+            match page.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst) {
+                0 => {
+                    assert!(body.get("page_token").is_none());
+                    http::Response::builder()
+                        .status(200)
+                        .body(r#"{"functions": [], "page_token": "next"}"#.to_string())
+                        .unwrap()
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    assert_eq!(body["page_token"], "next");
+                    http::Response::builder()
+                        .status(200)
+                        .body(
+                            serde_json::json!({
+                                "functions": [{
+                                    "name": "embed",
+                                    "version": "fv_01K3EXACT",
+                                    "definition": version.clone(),
+                                }],
+                            })
+                            .to_string(),
+                        )
+                        .unwrap()
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        let functions = conn.list_functions().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(functions.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(functions[0].name(), "embed");
+        assert_eq!(functions[0].version(), "fv_01K3EXACT");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_list_functions_stops_on_an_empty_page_token() {
+        let requests = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+        let seen = requests.clone();
+        let conn = Connection::new_with_handler(move |request| {
+            seen.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+            let body: serde_json::Value =
+                serde_json::from_slice(request.body().unwrap().as_bytes().unwrap()).unwrap();
+            assert!(body.get("page_token").is_none());
+            http::Response::builder()
+                .status(200)
+                .body(r#"{"functions": [], "page_token": ""}"#)
+                .unwrap()
+        });
+
+        let functions = conn.list_functions().await.unwrap();
+        assert!(functions.is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(requests.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_list_functions_rejects_a_page_token_cycle() {
+        let page = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+        let requests = page.clone();
+        let conn = Connection::new_with_handler(move |request| {
+            let body: serde_json::Value =
+                serde_json::from_slice(request.body().unwrap().as_bytes().unwrap()).unwrap();
+            let next_page_token = match page.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst) {
+                0 => {
+                    assert!(body.get("page_token").is_none());
+                    "one"
+                }
+                1 => {
+                    assert_eq!(body["page_token"], "one");
+                    "two"
+                }
+                2 => {
+                    assert_eq!(body["page_token"], "two");
+                    "one"
+                }
+                page => panic!("unexpected page: {page}"),
+            };
+            http::Response::builder()
+                .status(200)
+                .body(
+                    serde_json::json!({
+                        "functions": [],
+                        "page_token": next_page_token,
+                    })
+                    .to_string(),
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+        });
+
+        let error = conn.list_functions().await.unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(
+                &error,
+                Error::Http {
+                    status_code: Some(http::StatusCode::OK),
+                    ..
+                }
+            ),
+            "got {error:?}"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(requests.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 3);
+    }
+
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_drop_function_sends_exact_version_and_decodes_replay() {
        let conn = Connection::new_with_handler(|request| {
@@ -527,6 +527,10 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> RemoteTable<S> {
            "column": canonical_column
        });

+        if !index.replace {
+            body["replace"] = false.into();
+        }
+
        // Add name parameter if provided (for backwards compatibility, only include if Some)
        if let Some(ref name) = index.name {
            body["name"] = serde_json::Value::String(name.clone());
@@ -6233,6 +6237,40 @@ mod tests {
        }
    }

+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_index_forwards_replace_false_on_existing_route() {
+        let table = Table::new_with_handler("my_table", move |request| {
+            assert_eq!(request.method(), "POST");
+            match request.url().path() {
+                "/v1/table/my_table/describe/" => {
+                    let schema = Schema::new(vec![Field::new("a", DataType::Int32, false)]);
+                    http::Response::builder()
+                        .status(200)
+                        .body(describe_response(&schema))
+                        .unwrap()
+                }
+                "/v1/table/my_table/create_index/" => {
+                    let body = request.body().unwrap().as_bytes().unwrap();
+                    let body: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(body).unwrap();
+                    assert_eq!(body["replace"], json!(false));
+
+                    http::Response::builder()
+                        .status(200)
+                        .body("{}".to_string())
+                        .unwrap()
+                }
+                path => panic!("Unexpected path: {}", path),
+            }
+        });
+
+        table
+            .create_index(&["a"], Index::BTree(Default::default()))
+            .replace(false)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_create_index_returns_job() {
        let describe_calls = std::sync::Arc::new(std::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize::new(0));
@@ -589,16 +589,13 @@ fn canonical_input_arrow_type(field: &JsonArrowField) -> Result<String> {
        .and_then(|metadata| metadata.get(ARROW_EXT_NAME_KEY))
        .map(String::as_str)
        == Some(BLOB_V2_EXT_NAME);
-    if is_blob_v2 {
+    if is_blob_v2 || field.r#type.fields.is_some() {
        let arrow_field = lance_namespace::schema::convert_json_arrow_field(field)
            .map_err(|e| invalid_function(format!("invalid Function input field: {e}")))?;
-        if !has_supported_blob_v2_layout(&arrow_field) {
-            return Err(invalid_function(format!(
-                "Function input '{}' has an invalid Blob v2 storage layout",
-                arrow_field.name()
-            )));
+        validate_function_blob_nesting(&arrow_field, false)?;
+        if is_blob_v2 {
+            return Ok(FUNCTION_BLOB_V2_TYPE.to_string());
        }
-        return Ok(FUNCTION_BLOB_V2_TYPE.to_string());
    }
    if field.r#type.fields.is_none() && field.r#type.length.is_none() {
        Ok(field.r#type.r#type.clone())
@@ -617,6 +614,34 @@ fn has_supported_blob_v2_layout(field: &ArrowField) -> bool {
        )
 }

+fn validate_function_blob_nesting(field: &ArrowField, inside_collection: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    if field.is_blob_v2() {
+        if inside_collection {
+            return Err(invalid_function(format!(
+                "Function field '{}' nests Blob v2 under a collection, which Function signatures do not support",
+                field.name()
+            )));
+        }
+        if !has_supported_blob_v2_layout(field) {
+            return Err(invalid_function(format!(
+                "Function field '{}' has an invalid Blob v2 storage layout",
+                field.name()
+            )));
+        }
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    match field.data_type() {
+        DataType::Struct(fields) => fields
+            .iter()
+            .try_for_each(|field| validate_function_blob_nesting(field, inside_collection)),
+        DataType::List(field)
+        | DataType::LargeList(field)
+        | DataType::FixedSizeList(field, _)
+        | DataType::Map(field, _) => validate_function_blob_nesting(field, true),
+        _ => Ok(()),
+    }
+}
+
 /// `fixed_size_list<item, size>` -> (`item`, `size`); the comma must sit outside
 /// any nested `<...>`.
 fn split_fixed_size_list(raw: &str) -> Option<(&str, i32)> {
@@ -697,21 +722,22 @@ fn parse_output_arrow_type(raw: &str) -> Result<JsonArrowDataType> {
 }

 fn function_output_field(name: &str, nullable: bool, raw: &str) -> Result<JsonArrowField> {
-    if raw == FUNCTION_BLOB_V2_TYPE {
-        return lance_namespace::schema::arrow_schema_to_json(&ArrowSchema::new(vec![
-            crate::blob(name, nullable),
-        ]))
+    let field = if raw == FUNCTION_BLOB_V2_TYPE {
+        lance_namespace::schema::arrow_schema_to_json(&ArrowSchema::new(vec![crate::blob(
+            name, nullable,
+        )]))
        .map_err(|e| invalid_function(format!("could not encode Blob v2 output field: {e}")))?
        .fields
        .into_iter()
        .next()
-        .ok_or_else(|| invalid_function("Blob v2 output field is missing"));
-    }
-    Ok(JsonArrowField::new(
-        name.to_string(),
-        nullable,
-        parse_output_arrow_type(raw)?,
-    ))
+        .ok_or_else(|| invalid_function("Blob v2 output field is missing"))?
+    } else {
+        JsonArrowField::new(name.to_string(), nullable, parse_output_arrow_type(raw)?)
+    };
+    let arrow_field = lance_namespace::schema::convert_json_arrow_field(&field)
+        .map_err(|e| invalid_function(format!("invalid Function output field: {e}")))?;
+    validate_function_blob_nesting(&arrow_field, false)?;
+    Ok(field)
 }

 fn function_output_field_matches(expected: &ArrowField, actual: &ArrowField) -> bool {
@@ -2719,6 +2745,28 @@ mod tests {
        .unwrap()
    }

+    fn exact_arrow_type(field: ArrowField) -> String {
+        let json =
+            lance_namespace::schema::arrow_schema_to_json(&ArrowSchema::new(vec![field])).unwrap();
+        serde_json::to_string(json.fields[0].r#type.as_ref()).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn single_input_application(path: &str) -> FunctionApplication {
+        FunctionApplication::from_json(
+            &serde_json::json!({
+                "function": {"name": "inspect", "version": "fv_nested_blob"},
+                "inputs": [{
+                    "parameter": "value",
+                    "kind": "column",
+                    "value": {"path": path}
+                }],
+                "output": {"kind": "scalar", "arrow_type": "int64", "nullable": false}
+            })
+            .to_string(),
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+
    fn binding_from_plan(plan: &FunctionDeclarationPlan) -> FunctionBinding {
        let inputs = plan
            .input_bindings
@@ -3158,6 +3206,128 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(fields[1].data_type(), &DataType::Int32);
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn test_struct_blob_input_preserves_exact_schema_and_nullability() {
+        let payload = ArrowField::new(
+            "payload",
+            DataType::Struct(Fields::from(vec![
+                ArrowField::new("mime_type", DataType::Utf8, false),
+                ArrowField::new(
+                    "nested",
+                    DataType::Struct(Fields::from(vec![crate::blob("image", true)])),
+                    true,
+                ),
+            ])),
+            true,
+        );
+        let plan = plan_function_application(
+            &ArrowSchema::new(vec![payload]),
+            &single_input_application("payload"),
+            Some("size"),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let declared: JsonArrowDataType =
+            serde_json::from_str(&plan.input_bindings[0].arrow_type).unwrap();
+        let DataType::Struct(fields) =
+            lance_namespace::schema::convert_json_arrow_type(&declared).unwrap()
+        else {
+            panic!("expected a struct Function input")
+        };
+        assert!(fields[1].is_nullable());
+        let DataType::Struct(nested) = fields[1].data_type() else {
+            panic!("expected a recursive struct Function input")
+        };
+        assert!(nested[0].is_blob_v2());
+        assert!(nested[0].is_nullable());
+
+        let exact = lance_namespace::schema::convert_json_arrow_schema(&plan.input_schema).unwrap();
+        let DataType::Struct(fields) = exact.field(0).data_type() else {
+            panic!("expected exact input schema to retain the struct")
+        };
+        let DataType::Struct(nested) = fields[1].data_type() else {
+            panic!("expected exact input schema to retain the nested struct")
+        };
+        assert!(nested[0].is_blob_v2());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_recursive_blob_result_plans_one_whole_named_struct_column() {
+        let details_type = exact_arrow_type(ArrowField::new(
+            "details",
+            DataType::Struct(Fields::from(vec![crate::blob("image", true)])),
+            false,
+        ));
+        let application = FunctionApplication::from_json(
+            &serde_json::json!({
+                "function": {"name": "inspect", "version": "fv_nested_blob"},
+                "inputs": [],
+                "output": {
+                    "kind": "named_struct",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {"name": "mime_type", "arrow_type": "utf8", "nullable": false},
+                        {"name": "details", "arrow_type": details_type, "nullable": false}
+                    ]
+                }
+            })
+            .to_string(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let plan = plan_function_application(&ArrowSchema::empty(), &application, Some("payload"))
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(plan.outputs.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(plan.outputs[0].result_field, WHOLE_RESULT_FIELD);
+        let schema =
+            lance_namespace::schema::convert_json_arrow_schema(&plan.output_schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema.field(0).name(), "payload");
+        let DataType::Struct(fields) = schema.field(0).data_type() else {
+            panic!("whole named result must be one struct column")
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            fields.iter().map(|field| field.name()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            ["mime_type", "details"]
+        );
+        let DataType::Struct(details) = fields[1].data_type() else {
+            panic!("expected recursive result struct")
+        };
+        assert!(details[0].is_blob_v2());
+        assert!(!fields.iter().any(|field| field.name() == "payload"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_blob_children_under_collections_are_rejected() {
+        let collections = vec![
+            DataType::List(Arc::new(crate::blob("item", false))),
+            DataType::LargeList(Arc::new(crate::blob("item", false))),
+            DataType::FixedSizeList(Arc::new(crate::blob("item", false)), 2),
+            DataType::Map(
+                Arc::new(ArrowField::new(
+                    "entries",
+                    DataType::Struct(Fields::from(vec![
+                        ArrowField::new("key", DataType::Utf8, false),
+                        crate::blob("value", false),
+                    ])),
+                    false,
+                )),
+                false,
+            ),
+        ];
+        for data_type in collections {
+            let schema = ArrowSchema::new(vec![ArrowField::new("value", data_type, false)]);
+            let error = plan_function_application(
+                &schema,
+                &single_input_application("value"),
+                Some("size"),
+            )
+            .unwrap_err();
+            assert!(
+                error.to_string().contains("under a collection"),
+                "got: {error}"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn test_blob_whole_struct_binding_accepts_full_logical_layout() {
        let input = crate::blob("image", false);
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Bruno Ramirez	9a1ffb9e02	fix(remote): forward create index replace flag (#4115 ) Remote create-index requests already expose `replace` on the builder, but the remote client did not consistently forward an explicit `replace=false` over REST. That meant create-only intent could be lost before it reached a remote server, even though local builders and Python APIs can express it. This PR forwards `replace=false` on the existing `create_index` endpoint and keeps the current default behavior unchanged for compatibility. This was accomplished with the following changes: - Serialize `replace: false` into the existing remote create-index request body when the builder is configured with `.replace(false)`. - Forward `replace` through the synchronous Python remote `create_index` wrapper so `RemoteTable.create_index(..., replace=False)` reaches the repaired path. - Continue omitting `replace` for the default path so existing remote create-index requests keep their current semantics. - Document `name` and `replace` on the existing OpenAPI create-index request schema. - Add coverage that verifies the remote client uses the existing `/create_index/` route and forwards `replace=false`, including the synchronous Python unified API. ### Testing - `cargo fmt --all --check` - `cargo test -p lancedb --features remote test_create_index_forwards_replace_false_on_existing_route --locked` - `uv tool run maturin develop --extras tests,dev,embeddings` - `uv run --frozen pytest python/tests/test_remote_db.py::test_remote_create_index_new_api` - `uv run ruff format --check python/lancedb/remote/table.py python/tests/test_remote_db.py` - `cargo build -p lancedb --features remote --locked` - `cargo clippy -p lancedb --features remote --all-targets --locked -- -D warnings`	2026-09-01 11:54:53 -07:00
LanceDB Robot	f2eb4a245d	chore: update lance dependency to v12.0.0-beta.9 (#4116 ) Updates Lance dependencies from v12.0.0-beta.5 to v12.0.0-beta.9 across Rust and Java. No compatibility fixes were required; full workspace Clippy passes with all features. Lance tag: https://github.com/lance-format/lance/releases/tag/v12.0.0-beta.9	2026-09-02 00:25:27 +08:00
Xuanwo	e6867f7d04	feat: support nested blob function signatures (#4109 ) Function signatures currently reject Blob v2 fields nested inside structs, preventing UDFs from accepting or returning structured values that contain blobs. Accept canonical Blob v2 fields as direct or recursive struct children while preserving exact field metadata and nullability. Blob fields under list, large-list, fixed-size-list, or map ancestors remain rejected because collection runtime adaptation is outside the supported Function ABI. A whole named struct result can bind directly to one destination column without introducing an extra wrapper level.	2026-09-01 23:51:08 +08:00
Xuanwo	193c5e3458	feat: add list_functions client APIs (#4108 ) Function registration and exact lookup are exposed through the SDK, but clients cannot discover published versions even though the server provides `POST /v1/functions/list`. Add Rust and Python sync/async `list_functions()` APIs that return typed `FunctionVersion` values. The remote client requests canonical definitions and follows opaque page tokens until the listing is complete, including empty intermediate pages, while preserving the server's name/version ordering. Local databases retain the existing Function-catalog unsupported error. The SDK consumes protocol pagination internally so callers receive the complete catalog rather than handling server-specific page tokens.	2026-09-01 23:50:57 +08:00